taemufbufodk@ jyef@ESH@jcif;

c&pfw&m;awmftm; a[maeonfh &Si*f sKd Zmzuf (12 &mpk *&d pmrl)

Ak'b
< momESifh ywfoufI *&d-Ak'< tEkynmvuf&mrS Ak'b < momESifh taemufwidk f;wdk@=um; rSwfwrf; rsm;/
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;/ ESifh a&S;pum;pOfrsm;udk aocsmpGm plprf; csut f & Ak'b
< momonf taemufwdik ;f odk@
jywfawmif;jywfawmif; a&muf&cSd [ Jh ef&aSd yonf? *|ef 'rwfpuwf. *&dbmomjyef Ak'0< ifEiS fh (tdENd, c&pf,mef
bke;f }uD;rsm;jzpfaom) bmvrfEiS fh *sKd Zmzufwdk@. Zwfvrf;rsm;onfvnf; c&pf,mefrsm;odk@ pD;0ifv#uf&cSd Jhonf? at'D
1300 wGif *sKd Zmzuf. c&pf,mef umodv k pf &[EWm jzpfonf [laom Zwfvrf;onf xif&mS ;vmcJah yonf?

Ak'b
< momESifh Oa&my=um; tjcm; wdku&f u dk f jyefveS fqufqaH &; jzpf&yfrmS tv,facwfumv (at'D 1100 ESifh
1400 =um;) jyifopf b&if*sDbek ;f }uD &wfb&mhurf S 0Dv#tH m; jyopfb&k if pdef@vl;0pfu at'D 1235 wGif rGe*f edk ef;awmf
armif*h Gwt
f m; oHwreftjzpf apv$wjf cif;yif jzpf.? xdq k ufo, G rf r_ Sm cdik ;f vufcf (,ae@ uGm,vufcf
umZpPwef)wGif jzpfcI
Jh 0dv#t
H m; xdr;f ausmif;&cufaom (t,l ayghaom) c&pf,mef[k xifrSw&f ayonf? (Foltz,
"Religions of the Silk Road").

[lvm*l acwfumvaemufyidk ;f wGif rGe*f dk tDvcf ef;wdk@onf Ak'<bmomtm; wppjzifh odr;f oGi;f vmcJh onf?
rsm;pGmaom Ak'b < mom omoedu taqmufttHkrsm;Y yg&mS ;ESifh tD&wf e,fav#mufY uGuf =um; uGuf=um;
&Sad ecJah yonf? ‚wdk@rS rnfonft h &mrS at'D 14 &mpkwiG f rwnf&Sdawmhay? tdvf cef;edwf. Ak'b
< momwdk@.
tajctjrpfrsm;onf tmh*[ f efEiS t
fh wl edXdwHomG ;cJhonf?

taemufwidk ;f om;rsm; tm%m&Sad epOf bmomw&m;ESifh ‚. xif&mS ;&Si;f vif;aom tEkynm vuf &mrsm;tm;
rsufarSmufjzpfaom udv k edk aD cwfumv twGi;f wGif Ak'<bmomtm; pdw0f ifpm;r_rmS wdk;yGm; vmcJh ayonf? 1853 ck
*syef zGiyfh GJu *syef. pdw0f ifpm;bG,f aumif;aom tEkynmESifh &d;k &m tjzpf oH;k oyfr&d ef zefw;D Edik cf Jhonf? ‚onf
urBmh t&Sio f efq;Hk Ak'b
< mom&d;k &mtjzpf wifquf Edik fcJh ayonf? 20 &mpk.aemufwGJ qlnrH r_ sm;aemuf
taemufwidk ;f wGif omrmefjynforl sm;t=um; Ak'< bmomtm; pdw0f ifwpm; &Sv d mcJah yonf?

Ak'b
< momonf ‚. onf;cHru _ dk oGefoifjcif;/ bk&m;ocifrS =oZmtcsKyfjcm ydik q
f dkirf _ r&Sjd cif;ESifh pdppf awG;awmjcif;
(0dyoem)/ rdru d dk,rf rd d jyefvnfo;Hk oyfjcif;jzifh yuwdjzpfwnfru _ dk em;vnfatmif csnf;uyfjcif;rsm;a=umifh
qGJaqmifry_ g0g cdkirf mv#ufyif &Sdaeayonf?

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