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Itaipu, El Gobierno de Paraguay Esta Contra La Pared
Itaipu, El Gobierno de Paraguay Esta Contra La Pared
Pressurized hydraulics.
Submitted to:
Engineer Diana Parra
The agreement was announced following the resignation of Pedro Ferreira, former
head of the National Energy Administration (ANDE), who refused to sign the
bilateral agreement because, he said, it would have an additional cost for
Paraguay of about $250 million dollars.
The controversial agreement in question stipulates new terms for the annual
contracting of the hydroelectric power, shared by Paraguay and Brazil.
This was harshly criticized by opponents of the current government, who branded it
a secret and assured that it was a cession of Paraguay's sovereignty that could
lead to increased electricity prices for all users in the country.
Paraguay and Brazil are partners in Itaipu, the world's largest power plant, and this
scandal comes at a key moment when both countries are preparing to negotiate
the future of the plant as the key annex to their treaty is about to expire.
After the scandal known about this controversial agreement, three other top
officials, also involved in the negotiations, who resigned on Monday are Alcides
Jiménez, who had assumed the position of head of the National Energy
Administration (ANDE) a few days earlier; Hugo Saguier, Paraguay's ambassador
to Brazil; and José Alderete, Paraguay's director of Itaipú.
As demanded by the Brazilian side, a schedule was established for the purchase of
energy from the binational hydroelectric plant until 2022, something that had not
been done until then and which was interpreted by the opposition as a cession of
sovereignty.
In addition, average annual power amounts increase in that period from 1,370
megawatts in 2019 to 1,924 megawatts in 2022, which also entails a higher outlay.
The Itaipu hydroelectric plant inaugurated in 1984, the construction of the plant
required the flooding of a large part of the Paraguayan side.
Paraguay has been complaining for years about some aspects of the founding
treaty, signed in 1973, considered unfair at a time when both countries had military
governments.
The perception in Paraguay regarding the Itaipu Treaty is that the construction of
the dam and its exploitation has really benefited Brazil the most.
This feeling of asymmetry is due to the fact that most of the energy produced in the
plant (around 90%) goes to Brazil. However, under Annex C of the Itaipu Treaty,
Paraguay is obliged to sell its surplus energy to Brazil in exchange for a fixed
compensation, which today amounts to $350 million per year, until it expires in
2023
Paraguay cannot negotiate with a third party, but this amount is lower than the
market values managed regionally. This means that within the country the
perception is that the economic benefit of the dam's production is asymmetrical in
favor of Brazil.
Many in Brazil feel that perception is misplaced, particularly because they believe
the country paid only for the dam. But this is not entirely true.
Brazil acted as guarantor for the initial loans to build it, but "it was Binational
Entity Itaipu that acquired the loans and it was Binational Entity Itaipu that honored
the loans,"; explains the expert.
These loans are paid with the sale of their energy and the sale of energy is owned
50% by Brazil and 50% by Paraguay.
Therefore, 2023 is a key year for Paraguay's aspirations to be able to sell its
energy surplus at market price.
Nombre; Javier A. Mancera.
Hidráulica a presión.
Presentado a:
Ingeniera Diana Parra
Este fue duramente criticado por los opositores del actual gobierno, que lo tildaron
de secreto y aseguraron que se trataba de una cesión de la soberanía de
Paraguay que podría derivar en el aumento de los precios de la energía eléctrica
para todo los usuarios del país.
Paraguay y Brasil son socios en Itaipú, la mayor central del mundo en generación
de energía, y este escándalo se da en un momento clave, cuando ambos países
se preparan para negociar el futuro de la central ya que el anexo clave de su
tratado esta próximo a vencerse.
Tras el escandalo conocido por este controversial acuerdo otros tres altos
funcionarios, también implicados en las negociaciones, que renunciaron también
este lunes son Alcides Jiménez, quien había asumido unos días antes el cargo de
jefe de la Administración Nacional de Energía (ANDE); Hugo Saguier, embajador
de Paraguay en Brasil, y José Alderete, el director paraguayo de Itaipú.
Muchos en Brasil sienten que esa percepción está fuera de lugar, particularmente
porque creen que el país pagó solo la presa. Pero esto no es del todo cierto.
Brasil actuó como garante para los préstamos iniciales para construirla, pero
"quien adquirió los préstamo fue la Entidad Binacional Itaipú y quien honró los
préstamos fue la Entidad Binacional Itaipú", explica el experto.
Por tanto, 2023 es un año clave de cara a las aspiraciones paraguayas de poder
vender a precio de mercado su excedente energético.
https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49170966