Aerodrome Safety Publication ‘Aerodrome and ANS Regulation Di Number: 02/2009 Issued: 24/11/2009 CALCULATION OF DECLARED DISTANCES ‘CONTENTS: Purpose, Applicability Introduction Objective. Definitions we Calculation of declared distances : Information to be reported to Aeronautical Information Services, References = Queries ‘Aerodrome Safety Publications are published by the CEAS Aerodrome and ANS Regulation Division for purposes of promulgating supplementary guidance materials to the Standards and Recommended Practices in tho Manual of Aerodrome Standards. The publications are intended to provide recommendations and guidance to ilustrate @ means, but not necessariy the ‘only means, of complying with the regulations. Aerodrome Safety Publications may explain cera reguatoy requrements by proving interpretive and “explanatory materials.14 12 13 24 34 32 ad Purpose ‘The purpose of this Aerodrome Safety Publication (ASP) is to provide supplementary guidance to aerodrorre operators on the ‘alculation of deciared distances for each runway direction at a certified aerodrome. I provides guidance on whats acceptable to. the Aerodrome and ANS Regulation (AAR) Division of Civil Aviation ‘Authority of Singapore (CAAS) to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements in Section 6 2.8 - Declared distances of the Singapore Manual of Aerodrome Standards (OAS) Paragraphs 6.2 to 6 6 of this ASP 02/2009 explain different distances required to be calculated for a runway direction intended to bbe used, Paragraph 6.7 of this ASP 02/2009 contains an example to illustrate the suggested format for providing information on declared distances. Applicability This ASP 02/2008 applies to all aerodrome operators’ certified under Paragraph 67 of the Singapore Air Navigation Order (ANO). Introduction Declared distances are the avaliable operational distances notified to a pilot for take-off, anding or safely aborting a take-off. These distances are used to determine whether the runway is adequate for the proposed landing or take-off or to determine the maximum. payload permissible for a landing or take-off Declared distances are a combination of the runway (i. full strength pavement), any stopway (SWY) and clearway (CWY) provided, Objective ‘The objective of measuring and providing information on deciared distances isto allow pilots to determine aircraft loading and performance requirements. " perotrome operators clude applicants applying for an acrcrore cei, [ASP 02/2008 Page 2 of5 Definitions 5A Clearway (CWY) Declared distances: a) Take-off un available (TORA) b) Take-off distance available (TODA) ©) Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA) d) Landing distance available (LDA) | Stopway (SWY) ‘ASP 022009 | Adefined rectangular area on the {ground or water under the control Of the appropriate authority, selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a portion of is inital climb to a specified haight. The length of runway declared available anc suitable for the ‘ground run of an aeroplane taking off. The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if provided, The length of the take-off run available plus the length ofthe stopway, if provided. The length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing. ‘A defined rectangular on the {ground at the end of take-off run available (TORA) prepared as a | suitable area in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take off, Page 3 of 86 Calculation of declared distances 6.1 The declared distances shall be calculated to the nearest metre for ‘each runway direction. These declared distances comprise of the take-off run available (TORA), take-off distance available (TODA), ‘accelerate-stop distance avallable (ASDA) and landing distance available (LDA). 62 Where a runway is not provided with a stopway (SWY) or clearway (CWY) and the threshold is located at the extremity of the runway, the four declared distances should normally be equal to the length of the runway, as shown in Figure 1 tle wegeition —- «9a ISB tx 6.3. Where a runway is provided with a clearway (CWY), then the TODA will include the length of clearway, as shown in Figure 2. Take-off ane landing recon —>> ow TORA |< A804 ——>| oA ———>| Figue2 ‘ASP 02/2009 Page 4 of 864 Where a runway is provided with a stopway (SWY), then the ASDA will include the length of stopway (SWY), as shown in Figure 3, Tekeof and tenting oredien —> swy TORA |<—— 1852+] 6.5 Where a runway has a displaced threshold, then the LDA will be reduced by the distance the threshold is displaced, as shown in Figure 4. A displaced threshold affects only the LDA for approaches ‘made to that threshold; all declared distances for operations in the reciprocal direction are unaffected Teko-ot and ‘Snag tection —-> -oE k<——1n—>| <—— tora TODA ASDA owes ‘ASP 0212009 Page Sof @66 Figures 2 through 4 illustrate a runway provided with a clearway or a stopway or having a displaced threshold. Where more than one of these features exist, then more than one of the declared distances will be modified - but the modification will follow the same principle iilustrated. An example showing a situation where all these features exit is shown in Figure 5, Takeoff an ‘cg orerbon mee [>= sw Jot I ‘A> «tora Je ts0,_ >| 100s —————> Foues 6.7 suggested format for providing information on declared distances is given in Figure 6. Ifa runway direction cannot be used for take-off cr landing, or both, because it is operational forbidden, then this ‘should be declared and the words “not usable” or the abbreviation NU entered Ih s Soy Figues ASP 02/2009 Page 6 of 87A Information to be reported to Aeronautical Information Services Under Section 6.2 of the MOAS, the declarec distances shall be calculated and reported by the aerodrome operator to Aeronautical Information Services (AIS). Such information should be subsequently ‘made available to plots via the Singapore Aeronautical Information| Publication (AIP). References ‘Singapore Air Navigation Order (ANO); Manual of Aerodrome Standards (MOAS); and ICAO Annex 14, Volume I Queries If there are any queries with regard to this Aerodrome Safety Publication, please address them to: Mr Justin Toh Inspector (Aerodromes) ‘Aerodrome and ANS Regulation Division Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore Email: justin_toh@caas.gov.sg Issued under the Authority of: Loo Chee Beng Division Head (Aerodrome and ANS Regulation) Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore ‘ASP 0212009 Page 7 of 8List of Effective Publications: (01/2008 Aerodrome aircraft accident/serious incident notification and reporting procedures 022008 Ground vehicle operations at aerodromes 01/2008 Aeronautical study and safety assessment 02/2009 Calculation of declared distances ‘ASP 02/2009 Page 8 of 8