pratyaahaara - maaheshvara suutroM kii vyaakhyaa saMskR^ita vyaakaraNa

maheshvara suutra 14 hai. ina suutroM meM saMskR^ita bhaaShaa ke varNoM

##(##akSharasamaamnaaya##)## ko eka vishiShTa prakaara se saMyojita kiyaa gayaa
hai. phalataH maharShi paaNini ko shabdoM ke nirvachana yaa niyamoM meM jaba bhii
kinhii visheSha varNa samuuhoM ##(##eka se adhika##)## ke prayoga kii aavashyakataa
hotii hai ve una vargoM ko maaheshvara suutroM se pratyaahaara banaakara saMkShepa
meM grahaNa karate haiM. maaheshvara suutroM ko isii kaaraNa pratyaahaara
vidhaayaka suutra bhii kahate haiM. pratyaahaara banaane kii vidhi tathaa
saMskR^ita vyaakaraNa meM unake bahuvidha prayogoM ko aage darshaayaa gayaa hai.
ina 14 suutroM meM saMskR^ita bhaaShaa ke samasta vargoM kaa samaavesha kiyaa gayaa
hai. prathama 4 suutroM ##(##a{}i{}u{}N.h - ai{}au{}ch##)## meM svara varNoM tathaa
sheSha 10 suutroM meM vya~njana varNoM kii gaNanaa kii gayii hai. saMkShepa meM -
svara vargoM ko ach.h evaM vya~njana vargoM ko hala kahaa jaataa hai.
ach.h evaM hal.h bhii pratyaahaara haiM.
pratyaahaara kaa artha hotaa hai - saMkShipta kathana. aShTaadhyaayii ke prathama
adhyaaya ke prathama paada ke ve suutra aadirantyena sahetaa dvaaraa pratyaahaara
banaane kii vidhi kaa maharShi paaNini ne nirdesha kiyaa hai.
aadirantyena sahetaa aadiH aadi varNa antyena itaa antima it.h varNa saha ke
saatha milakara pratyaahaara banaataa hai jo aadi varNa evaM itsadbhaka antima
varNa ke puurva aae hue vargoM kaa samaShTi ruupa meM bodha karaataa hai.
udaaharaNa ach.h prathama maaheshvara suutra aiuN ke aadi varNa a ko chaturtha
suutra aiauch ke antima varNa ch se yoga karaane para ach.h pratyaahaara banataa
hai. yaha ach.h pratyaahaara apane aadi akShara a se lekara itsaMj~naka ch.h ke
puurva aane vaale au paryanta sabhii akSharoM kaa bodha karaataa hai.
ataH - ach.h a i u R^i sR^i e ai o au. isii taraha hal.h pratyaahaara kii siddhi
ve suutra hayavara ke aadi akShara ha ko antima veM suutra halke antima akShara
l.h ke saatha milaane .
anubandha se hotii hai. phalataH - hal.h ha ya va ra la ~na ma ~Na Na na jha bha
gha Dha dha ja ba ga Da da kha pha chha Tha tha cha Ta ta ka pa sha Sha sa ha.
uparyukta sabhii suutroM meM antima varNa kii it.h saMj~naa shrii paaNini ne kii
hai. it.h saMj~naa hone se ina antima vargoM kaa upayoga pratyaahaara banaane ke
lie kevala anubandha hetu kiyaa jaataa hai kintu vyaakaraNiiya prakriyaa meM
inakii gaNanaa nahiiM kii jaatii hai arthaat.h inakaa prayoga nahii hotaa hai.
ina suutroM se kula pratyaahaara banate haiM. eka pratyaahaara uNaadi suutra 1114
se amantaaDDuH se am.h pratyaahaara aura eka vaartika se chayoH dvitiiyaH shari
pauShkarasaadeH 8447 se banataa hai. isa prakaara kula pratyaahaara ho jaate haiM.
ina suutroM se saiMka.DoM pratyaahaara bana sakate haiM kintu paaNini muni ne apane
upayoga ke lie pratyaahaaroM kaa hii grahaNa kiyaa hai. pratyaahaara do taraha se
dikhaae jaa sakate haiM antima akSharoM ke anusaara. aadi akSharoM ke anusaara.
inameM antima akShara se pratyaahaara banaanaa adhika upayukta hai aura
aShTaadhyaayii ke anusaara hai.
antima akShara ke anusaara pratyaahaara suutra - aiuN---isase eka pratyaahaara
banataa hai.
aN--uraNa raparaH
- R^iluk---isase tiina pratyaahaara banate haiM.
ak--akaH savarNe diirghaH ik--iko guNavR^iddhii
uk--ugitashcha - eo---isase eka pratyaahaara banataa hai.
e--e~Ni pararuupam.h - aiauch---isase chaara pratyaahaara banate hai
ach acho.antyaadi Ti ich- icha ekaacho.ampratyayavachcha ech--echo.ayavaayaavaH
aich---vR^iddhiraadaich
- hayavaraT---isase eka pratyaahaara banataa hai
a--shashchho.aTi
- laN--isase tiina pratyaahaara banate hai
aN--aNuditsavarNasya chaapratyayaH iN---iNkoH . yaNa--iko yaNachi
- jama~NNanam--isase chaara pratyaahaara banate hai
am--pumaH khayyampare yam---halo yamaa yami lopaH ~Nam--~Namo hrasvaadachi
~NamuN.h nityam
jam--jamantaaDDuH uNaadi suutra - jhabha~n---isase eka pratyaahaara banataa hai
ya---ato diirghaa yaji - ghaDhadhaSh--isase do pratyaahaara banate hai
 jhaSh bhaSha---ekaacho basho bhaSh.h jhaShantasya svoH
- jabagaDadash---isase chha pratyaahaara banate hai
ash--bhobhago.agho apuurvasya yo.ashi hash--hashi cha vash--neD.h vashi kR^iti
jhash jash--jhalaaM jash.h jhashi bash--ekaacho basho bhaSh.h jhaShantasya svoH
- khaphachhaThathachaTatad---isase kevala eka pratyaahaara banegaa
chhav.h --- nashchhavyaprashaan
- kapay---isase pratyaahaara baneMge
yay---anusvaarasya yayi parasavarNa may---maya ujo vo vaa jhay---jhayo
ho.anyatarasyaam khay---pumaH khayyampare chay---chayo dvitiiyaH shari
pauShkarasaadeH
- shaShasar---isa suutra se pratyaahaara baneMgeH
yar---yaro.anunaasike.anunaasiko vaa jhar--jharo jhari savarNe khar---khari cha
char--abhyaase charcha shar--vaa shari
- hal---isa suutra se pratyaahaara baneMgeH
al--- alo.antyaat.h puurva upadhaa al- pratyaahaara meM praarambhika a varNa aura
antima varNa l.h se al pratyaahaara banataa hai. al
kahane se sabhii varNa gR^ihiita hoMge. hal--- halo.anantaraaH saMyogaH hal.h -
pratyaahaara meM hayavaraT ke ha se lekara hal ke la taka sabhii varNa gR^ihiita
hoMge. hal
pratyaahaara meM sabhii vya~njana varNa aa jaate haiM. val---lopo vyorvali ral---
ralo vyupadhaaddhalaadeH saMshcha jhal---jhalo jhali shal---shala
igupadhaadaniTaH ksaH
isa prakaara kula pratyaahaara antima varNa se banaae gae.
aadi varNa se bhii ye pratyaahaara banaakara dikhaayeMge. akaara varNa se
pratyaahaara baneMge-- aNuu ak ach aT aNa am a al.h . ikaara se tiina pratyaahaara
banate haiM- ik ich iN.h . ukaara se ekaH- uk.h . ekaara se do- e~N ech.h .
aikaara se eka---aich.h . hakaara se do---hash hal.h . yakaara se paa.Ncha---yaNa
yam yaj yay yar.h . vakaara se do---vash val.h . repha se eka---ral.h . makaara
se eka---may.h . kaara se eka---~Nam.h . jhakaara se paa.Ncha---jha jha jhaya
jhara jhal.h . bhakaara se eka---bhaSh.h . jakaara se eka--jash.h . bakaara se
eka--- bash.h . chhakaara se eka---chhan.h . khakaara se do---khay khar.h .
chakaara se eka---char.h . shakaara se do----shar shal.h .
ye kula pratyaahaara hue aura uupara do anya pratyaahaara bhii bataae.N haiM. eka
pratyaahaara uNaadi se jamantaa~Na se jam.h pratyaahaara aura eka vaartika se
chayoH dvitiiyaH shari pauShkarasaadeH se banataa hai. isa prakaara kula
pratyaahaara ho jaate haiM.
maaheshvara suutra kii vyaakhyaa mukhya peja uparyukta suutroM meM saMskR^ita
bhaaShaa ke varShoM akSharasamaamnaaya ko eka vishiShTa prakaara se saMyojita kiyaa
gayaa hai. phalataH paaNini ko shabdoM ke nirvachana yaa niyamoM meM jaba bhii
kinhii visheSha varNa samuuhoM eka se adhika ke prayoga kii aavashyakataa hotii hai
ve una vargoM akSharoM ko . maaheshvara suutroM se pratyaahaara banaakara saMkShepa
meM grahaNa karate haiM. maaheshvara suutroM ko isii kaaraNa pratyaahaara
vidhaayaka suutra bhii kahate haiM. pratyaahaara banaane kii vidhi tathaa
saMskR^ita vyaakaraNa meM unake bahuvidha prayogoM ko aage darshaayaa gayaa hai.
ina suutroM meM saMskR^ita bhaaShaa ke samasta vargoM ko samaavesha kiyaa gayaa
hai. prathama suutroM aiuN.h - aiauch meM svara varShoM tathaa sheSha suutra
vya~njana vargoM kii gaNanaa kii gayii hai. saMkShepa meM -
svara vargoM ko ach.h evaM vya~njana vargoM ko hala kahaa jaataa hai.
ach.h evaM hal.h bhii pratyaahaara haiM.