Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • ASHTOO T245 A T250

    Uploaded by

    Black Goku
    73 views50 pages
    NORMATIVA

    Original Title

    ASHTOO T245 a T250

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    NORMATIVA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    73 views50 pages

    ASHTOO T245 A T250

    Uploaded by

    Black Goku
    NORMATIVA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 50
    Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus AASHTO Designation: T 245-97 (2008) ‘SCOPE i) ‘This method covers the measurement of the resistance to plstc flow of eylindical specimens of bituminous paving mixture loaded on the Inleral surface by means ofthe Marshall apparatus. This method is for use with mixtures containing asphalt cement, asphalt cutback or tar, and aggregate up 0 25mm (1-in.) maximum size ‘APPARATUS 24 Specimen Motel Assembly—Mold cylinders 101.6 ram (4 in.) in diametor by 76.2.mm (3 in.) In height, base plates, and extension collars shall conform to the details shown in Figure 1, Three mold eylinders are recommended, y Compaction oid Syrimotiat Aeowineg NY Compaction: Mold Assorbied ‘it Clr ena Base Pte Steet Ceamum Pitas Figure t—Compaction Mold TS.2d : Test ‘AASHTO (© 2011 by ie Aerie Ascii of Sao Highvny nt Teton Oi Allg racvedDapicatn sa voain of applica Table 1Table of Equivalents for Figures } and 3 ‘Meirie Wowie Moire ‘Metric Equiva- US. Equa US. Equive «US, Equiv; «U.S, lenis, Customary Ients, Customary Tents, Customary ents, Customary mm Units, in. mm’ __Units in. mmm Units in, mm Units, in. or ‘0s ns The 37 Fe ‘ota Te os Yn 10 as en 1087 ay 16 ne m2 8 Eo 109.1 a 32 % ae no Ph m3 4 48 hy 254 162 3 uns te 64 % m6 26 3 206 a a cm aus sa he ig Se os 39 ona 34 1302 sly ne 0486 3a vo12 3 450 34 ner ows aa ros 390 isd 6 7 Ey as roar sm8 183 os 3 ha sos ois 4 197 Pa 159) % 572 ois as ois 2 22. ‘Specimen Exiraetor—Steel, in the form of a disk wi 2 diameter not fess than 100 mm (3.95 tnd 12:7 mam (fn. thick for extracting the compacted specimen from the specimen mold wi the use ofthe mold collar. A suitable bar is required to transfer the load from the ring «dynamometer adapter tothe extension collar while extracting the specimen, 23. Compaction Hammer—The compaction hammer (Figure 2) shall heye a flat, circular tamping face and a 4536-9 g (10-+ 0.02 1b) sliding weight (including safey finger guard if'so equipped) with « free fall of 457.2 1.524 mm (18 + 0.06 in). ealbes & i sdf ome i see : rat 5 3 —_—===x é © i i e oe og 489 ] sete Figure 2-Conpatottanne 6H THe RASH (©7011 by the Ametan Ascii of Sse Highway and Tansportaton Oficial Allies reserved Dupleaton sa viotatan of aptetle w 24, 25. 26. Note 4—The compaction hammer may be equipped with a finger safety guard as sen Figure. Note 2 Instead of a hand-operated hammer, and associated equipment described in Sections 2.3, 2A, and2.5, a mechanically opersted hammer may be used provided it hasbeen ealibrated to give ‘resulis comparable withthe hand-operated hammer Compaction Pedestal—The compaction pedestal shall consist of «203.2 by 203.2- by 457.2-mm {@-by & by 18m) wooden post eapped with 304.8 by 304.8 by 25 -mm (12-by 12-by lin) stool plate. The wooden post shall be oak, pine, or other wood having an average dry weight of {0.6719 0.77 gle? (42 t0 48 IR), The wooden post shal be secure by four angle brackets to & solld concrete slab, The steel eap shall be fly fastened 0 the post, The pedestal acerbly shal ‘installed so that the post spl and the emp i evel Specinen Mold Holder—Mounted on the compaction pedestal so as to center the compaction ‘mold over the center ofthe post. It shall hold the eompsetion mol, coat, and baseplate securely in position during compaction of te specimen. Breaking Head (Figure 3)Shall consist of upper and lower cylindrical segments or test heads hnaving an inside radius of eurvature of 50.8 mm (2in.) accurately machined. The lower segsment shall be mounted on a base having two perpendicular guide rods or posts extending upward. Guide sleeves inthe upper segment shall be in such a position as to direct the two segments together ‘without appreciable binding or loose motion on the ude rods. Te2d TES “AASHTO 10201 bythe Antica Asscition of St igh ond Traspraion Ff, ‘Allright roerved Dupes i baton oop ave “amnazo peop furqeaig—g aunty © wea sping (1 eunbi 10} se ewes swayeamnba yo o1qe1) @® ornoag. | ‘ ; % y 3 x TebusauneD 20H 180) 54 souog pero. ny lane. sang eg peay 10053 Ei tar00 x ee cat pi a: ‘AASHTO T2454 78.24 27. Loading Jack—The loading jack Figure 4) shall consist ofa sere jack mounted in a testing fiame and shall produce @ uniform vertical movement of 50.8 mm (2 inn, An electric motor may be attached tothe jacking mechanism. 21" (685: em) Aprox Height TIT iter 8a oe | venc Spas ¥ 80 0m an en 1a on ere Not Over 8. tora 49840) Hi} —eiwatng sew —_ | tir om Shear fp cup sat i For tand Crank) ef i b= input Shan YP sockttousing A Front ‘Section “A-A" Figure 4—Compression Testing Machine 28 2.9, Note 3—Instead of the loading jack, a mechanical or hydraulic testing machine may be wsed provided th rato of movement can be maintained ai 50.8 mm (2 in.)imin while the load is epplied. ing DynamometerAssembly-—One-tiog dynamometer (Figure 4) of 222 KN (5000 Ib) capacity and seastvty of 4.5 N C10 Th) upto 445 KN (1000 ib) and 111-2N @5 To between 4.45 and 22.2 KN (1000 and 5000 Tf) shal be equipped wih a merometer dal. The micrometer dal shall be praduated in 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.) Upper and lover ring dynamometer attachments are required for fastening the ing dynamometer to the testing fame and trensmitng the lsd tothe breaking hen, Note 4—Instesd of the ring dynamometer assembly, eny suilable Ioad-measuring device may be used provided the capacity and sensitivity mest the above requirements Flovneter—The flowmeier shall consist of a guide sleeve and a gauge. The activating pin ofthe gauge shall slide inside the guide sleeve witha slight amount of fietional resistance. The guide Sleeve shall slide freely over the guide rod ofthe Breaking head, The flowmeter gauge shall be ujusted to zero when placed in positon on the breaking head when each individual test specimen is inserted between the breaking head segments. Graduations of the flowmeter gauge shell bein 1.25-mm (0.01-in,) divisions. Note 5—Instead of the flowmeter, a micrometer dial or stess-strain recorder graduated in 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) may be used to measure flo. 1S2d T DABS AASHTO (©2011 by te Anscicn Asin of Sta Highnay and Taepatton Ofc “Alright rsewod Depealo sa vsslon of spice aw 2.10. Ovens or Hot Plates—Ovens or hot plats shall be provided for heating ageregates, bituminous rateral, specimen molds, compaction hammers, and other equipment to the required mixing and ‘molding temperatures, tis recommended thatthe heating units be thermostatically controlled so a to maintain the required temperature within 2.8°C (S°F). Suitable shields, baffle plates, or sand ‘baths shall be used on the surfiees ofthe hot plates to minimize localized overheating att Heating Device—A siall hot plate with continuously variable heating rate, a sand bath, infrared lamp, or other suitable device shall be availabe for supplying sufficient heat under the mixing ‘bow! fo maintain the aggregate and bituminous material atthe desired temperature during mixing. fa hot plate is used, a ice mesh or similar material shal be placed on the hotplate to prevent rest contact between the hot plate and mixing bowl 242 Mixing Appararus—Mechanieal mixing is recommended. Any type of mechanical mixer may be ‘used provided it can be maintained at the required mixing temperature and will produce a well coated, homogeneous mixture of the required amount in te allowable time, and further provided ‘that essentially all ofthe batch can be recovered. A metal pan or bovs of suflicien capacity and hand mixing may also be use. 2.13, Water Bth—The waterbath shall be at least 152.4 mam (6 in.) deep and shall be thermostatically controlled so as to maintain the bath at 60 1°C (140:2*R) oF 37.8 1°C (100 2°F). The tank shall have a perforated false bottom or be equipped witha shel fr supporting, specimens $0.8 mm (@ in. above the bottom of the bath. 2.4, Air Bathe aie bath for asphalt cutbaek mixtures shall be thermostatically controlled and shell ‘maintain the ir temperature at 25-£ 1°C (77? 2°F), 2.18, Miscellaneous Equipment: 2.18.1. Containers for Heating Aggregates—fat-bottom metal pans or other suitable containers. 2.18.2. Comrainors for Heating Binuninous Materiat—ether ylll-type tins, beakers, pouting pols, or saueepaas may be used. 2.16.3. Mixing Too!—either a ste! towel (gatden type) or spatula for spading and hand mixing. 2.184. ‘Thermometers —for determining temperatures of aggregates, bitumeo, and bituminous mixture, Armored-glass, dal type, or digital thermometers wih metal stems are recommended. A range ram 9:9 to 204°C (50 to 400°F) with sensitivity of 28°C (SF) is required. 2.485. ‘Thermometers For water and ai bath sensitive to 0.2°C (0.4°F) with a mnge sufficient to determine the specified bath temperature, 2.156. Balance—2-kg capacity, sensitive to 0.1 g, for weighing molded specimens. 2.48.7 Balance—5-kg capacity, sensitive to 1.0 g for batching mixtures. 2.158. Gloves —for banding hot equipment, 2.159. Rubber Gloves—for removing spesimens from water bath. 2.18.10. Marking Crayons identifying specimens. Ts2d T2568 “AASHTO (©2011 byte Aeris Asoition of Sse Highvay en Taneportaen Otal ‘Allright retaved DuptesUon is nation of apc aw 245.11, 215.42, ‘Scoop—flat bottom, for batching agaregates. Spoon—Iarge, for placing the mixture inthe specimen molds. 3. 3. 32, 33 334. 382 3.3.3, 334, 34, 34a. 342 TEST SPECIMENS Number of Specimens Prepare atleast three specimens for cach combinstion of ageregates and bitumen contest Preparation of Agpregates—Dry aggregates to constant mass at 105 10 110°C (221 to 230°F) and separate the agaregates by dry-seving into the desired size fretions,' The following size fractions fre recommended 25.010 19.0 mm (1 to % in.) 19.0 109.5 mm (10% in) 9.5 mm f0 4.75 mam (in. oo. 4) 4.75 mm to 2.36 mm (No.4 to No. 8) Passing 2.36 mm (No. 8) Determination of Mixing and Compacting Temperatures “The temperatures to which the asphalt cement and asphalt catback must be heated to produce & viscosity of 170-+ 20 eS shal be the mixing temperature. “The temperature to which asphalt cement must be heated to produce a viscosity of 280 +30 eSt shall be the compacting temperature. From a composition chart forthe asphalt cutback used, determine from its viscosity t 61°C (40% the porcentage of solvent by mass, Also detennine from the char the viscosity a 60°C (40°F) ofthe asphalt cutback aftr it has lost 50 percent ofits solvent. The temperature determined fiom the viscosity temperature chart to which the asphalt catback must be heated 10 produce a viscosity of 280 + 30 eSt aftr a loss of 50 percent of the original solvent content shall be the compacting temperature The temperature to Which tar must be heated to produce Engler spevifie viscosities of 25 +3 and 40:5 shal be, respesively, the mixing and compacting temperature. Preparation of Mistares: An initial atch shal be mixed for the purpese of “butteing” the mixture bowt and sires, This batch shall be emptied after mixing and the sides ofthe bowl and stirers shall be cleaned of| mixture residue by seraping with «stall imber spatula but shall not be wiped with cloth ot ‘washed elean with solvent, except when a change is to be made inthe binder or atthe end ofa run Weigh into separate pans for cach test specimen the amount of each size fraction required to ‘produce a batch that will est in a compacted specimen 63.5 1.27 mm (2.54005 in.) inheight {bout [200 g). Mix the aggroants in each pan and place te pans on «hotplate or in the oven and eat toa temperature ot exceeding tne mixing temperature established in Sectlon 3.3 by more than eppeoximately 28°C (30°F) for asphalt cement an tar mixes at 14°C (25°) for eutback ‘asphalt ives Heat, cote established mixing temperature, just suficient bituminous material for the hatch in a separate container. Charge the mixing bow! wit the heated ageregte, orm a cater in the dry-blended aggregate and weigh the preheated required amount of bituninoys material into 8.20 T2ABT ‘AASHTO (©2011 by the Amina Astin of Sat Highway and Tansprtation Ot Ais eservedDupean 3 vaio of apple a. 3.4.3. 35. 3.6: 3.82 4 TS.20 the mixture, For mixes prepared with cutback asphalt, introduce the mixing blade inthe mixing ‘owl and determine the total mass of the mix components plus bowl and blade before proceeding vith mixing, Care must be exercised to prevent loss ofthe mix during mixing and subsequent ‘handling. At this point, the temperature of the aggregate and bituminous material shall be within ‘he limits ofthe mixing temperature established in Section 3.3, Mix the eggrepate and bituminous ‘material rapidly until thoroughly coated, Yo maintain proper mixing temperature, one ofthe ‘methods described in Section 2-11 may be used Following mixing, cure asphalt cutback mixtures ina ventilated oven maintained at approximately TILI°C @0°F) above the compaction temperature. Curing is to be continued inthe mixing bowl ‘ntl the procaloulated weight of 50 percent solvent loss or more has been obtained, The mix may cived in a mixing bow! during coring to aocelerae the solvent loss, However, care should be exercised o prevent loss of the mix. Weigh the mix during euting in successive intervals of 15 minutes initially and less then 10-minute intervals asthe wefght ofthe mix at 50 pereeat solvent Joss is approached, Compaction of Specimens: Thoroughly clean the specimen mold assembly and the face ofthe compaction hammer and heat them either in boiling water, on the hot plate, or in an oven, toa temperature between 98.3 and 148.5°C (200 and 300°), Place a pice of filler paper or paper toweling cut to size in te bottom ‘of die mold before the mixture i introduced, Place the entte batch inthe mold, and spade the mixture vigorously with a heated spatula or trovvel 15 times around the perimeter and 10 times over the interior. Remove the collar and smooth the surface of the mix witha trowel toa slightly rounded shape, Temperatures ofthe mixtures immediately prio to compaction shall be within the limits of the eompacting temperature established in Section 3.3. Replace the collar, then place w piece of fier paper or paper toweling cut to size on top of the mixture and place the mold assembly on the compaction pedestal in the mold holder, and unless ‘otherwise specified, apply 50 oF 75 blows with the compaction hammer witha fee fall in 457.2 zum (18 n.). Hold the axis ofthe compaction hammer perpendicular the base of the mold ‘assembly during compaction, Remove the baseplate and collar, and reverse and reassemble the ‘mold, Apply the same number of compaction blows tthe face of the reversed specimen, After ‘compaction, remove the baseplate and place the simple extractor on he end of the specimen, Place the assembly with the extension callar up inthe testing machine, apply pressure fo the collar by means ofthe loud transfer bar, and force the specimen into the extension collar. Lil the collar fom the specimen. Carefully transfer the specimen toa smooth, flat surface end allow itto stand ‘overnight at room temperature. Weigh, measure, and test the specimen, Noto 6—In general, specimens shall be cooled es specified in Scetion 3.52. When more mpd ‘cooling is desired, table fans may be used. Mixtures that lack soicient cohesion to result inthe required cylindrical shape on removal from the mold immediately after compaction may be cooled in the moid in ai until sufficient cohesion has developed o result in the proper eylindrical shape. PROCEDURE Bring te specimens prepared wit asphalt cement or tar to the specified temperature by janmersing inthe water bath 30 to 40 minutes or placing inthe oven for2 hours. Maintain the bath ‘or oven temporature at 60-4 1°C (140 + 1,8°P) forthe asphalt cement specimens and 37.84 SC (1004 1.8°F) for tar specimens. Bring the specimens prepared with asphalt cutback to the specified temperature by placing them in the air bach fora minimum of 2 hours. Maintain the air ‘bath temperature at 25 + 1°C (77+ 1.4°F}. Thoroughly clean the guide rods and the inside surces ‘of the test heads prior fo making the test, and lubricate the guide rods so that the upper test head slides freely over them, The tsting-head temperature shall be maintained between 21.1 to 37.8°C T2458 AASHTO 192011 y the Ansan Association of Sine Hiphnay nd Teamspatation Oi, ‘rigs eesved Duplin isu wlatn o apa n. (70 wo 100°) using a water bath when required, Remove the specimen from the water bath, oven, ‘or ar bath, and place inthe lower segment of the breaking head. Place the upper segment of the ‘breaking head on the specimen, and place the complete assembly in position on the testing ‘machine, Place the flowmeter, where used, in position over one of the guide rods and adjust the #lovwmster to er0 while holding the sleevs firmly against the upper segment ofthe breaking head. old the flowmeter sleeve firmly against the upper sogment of the breaking head wile the test, load is being applied. 42. Apply the load tothe specimen by means ofthe constant rate of movement of the loxdjack ot ‘esting-machine head oP 30.8 mm (2 in.) per minute until the maximum load is reached! and the load decreases as indicated by he dal. Record the maximum load noted on the tsting machine oF ‘converted from the maximum micrometer dial reading, Re'eae the flowmeter sleeve or note the ‘micrometer dial reading, where used, the instant the maximum load begin to decrease. Note and record the indicated flowy value or equivalent units in wenty-tive hundredths of a millimeter (hundredths of an inch) iP micrometer dial is used to measure the flow. The elapsed time for the {est from removal ofthe test specimen from dhe waterbath to the maximum load determination shall not exeees 30 seconds. Note 7-For core specimens, correct the foad wen thi using the proper multiplying factor ftom Table 2, ess is other than 63.5 min (2Y in) by REPORT 5A ‘The report shal elude the fllowinginformetlon: 54 ‘Type ofsample tested (laboratory sample or pavement cove specimen); ‘Note 8 For core specimens, the height of each tet spevimen in millimeters (or inches shal bo reported. 512. Average maximum loadin poundsforee (or newtons) of at least tree specimens, corrected ‘when required 5.13, Average flv va, in hundredths of an inch, twenty-five hundredths ofa millimeter, of three specimens; and 514. Test temperature S24 T2460 ‘AASHTO (©2011 bythe Amicon Astin of Site Hihvay and Tanpotton Oi, AI rigs reset Depiction sa vbaton aap av. Table 2—Stbilty Correlation Ratios”? “Approximate Thickuess Volomeo? of Cone Specimen, Spocimen, lation en? in mm___ Ratio Weis T wa «86 2uons Phy 70500 2260237 M4 me ass aue250 Phe wz air asi w2e4 6 Bis sas 2076 Phe m3 an ao Pi B93 200301 Phe Bos 303 smr0316 Vs gala siTwm8 Phe 372 29 34a Pi a3 bar diss Phe 9 oe 3si0367 ve “a it so80578 Phe 4019 330 0392 Th a6 187 soins Ve 216 {0649.20 2 ew tet Phe me Le somes a wo 13 Hose Pha 6 Ls ssroam 2 s2 419 Aiwa 2a sey ld ABs En as te 49519508 Pha as lw 509 9522 ah es lao 30538 Py 106 S9610586 2 7 ass 5010573 ee as sviosts Pip m4 aw 860598 Bs mo al 9710610 Pe me one silmas a 762076 ie suo po pe Be re knee lineaments 68 San (i) + Nola isc ahh bok one spose Somer Lm in " Detailed requirements for these sieves are given in M 92, Wite-Cioth Sieves for Testing Purposes. Ts2d 7245-10 ‘AASHTO (©2011 by he Arean Asin of Sate Highnay and Transportation Oil. Airis reewo Depletion isa vino of apie aw Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by Means of Hveem Apparatus AASHTO Designation: T 246-10" ASTM Designation: D 1560-09 1. ‘SCOPE 1. “Thove methods cover the determination of (I) the resistance to deformation of compacted HMA sixtures by measuring the lateral pressure developed ftom applying @ vertical load by means of the Hveem stabilometer; and (2) the cohesion of compacted bituminous mixtures by measuring the forces required to break ot bend the sample asa cantilever beam by means ofthe Hveem ‘cohesioneter? 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2A. AASHTO Standards: 1247, Preparation of Tes Kneading Compactor T'312, Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor cimens of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by Means of C fornia RESISTANCE TO DEFORMATION 3. ~~ APPARATUS 3A. Stabilometer—The Hveem stabilometer (Figures 1 and 2) is a tiaxal testing device consisting ‘\ssentilly ofa rubber sleeve within a metal eylinder containing aliquid that registers the horizontal pressure developed by a compacted test specimen as a vertical load is applie. Ts2d ‘i TRe+ ‘AASHTO (©2011 byte America Asociatin of Sut Nighy aed Tanpatation Oils Allis sere Dapn a vlan of appz Figure 4—HHveem Stabilometer {pitt Tosa actin J— Fotiowor for Anping Low to Specimen Not to Seale Needle Vaio L~AirChamber Manually Operated Serow-Type Pump Tiss FE — Ligue Under Smal inal Pressure ppi5- Fe tem Zz Palen of Testing Machine Figure 2—Diagrammatie Skefch ofthe Hveem Stabilometer (Not to Seale) TS2d ‘©2011 bythe Amero Astacio of Sa i “Ala THe2 ‘AASHTO 2 a Toran Oi ved Duplaion ia vito a pliable ew 32, Testing Machine—A compression testing machine having a minimum capacity of 4.5 kN (10.000 Ib). Figure 3 shows the assembly ofthe stabilometer In a testing machine, The 222-4N | (50 000-1) eapscty compression testing machine specified nT 247 is normally use to perform the stabilometer test. Figuro 3Hveem Stabilometer Mounted inthe Testing Machine 3.3, ‘Test Spoctmen Push-Out Device—A lever device, atached tothe press, to push the spesimen out of the mold, (See Figure 4.) Other acceptable apparatus may be used TS-2d 7246-3 ‘AASHTO: (©2011 bythe American Anacition of Sate Hihva a Tanspraon Oc. ‘Alsip reseed: Dupin oko splieale w cnmangiie O21” \easengin -aseser prism I ii seen ogsutenene tien essen 4/0 sexmrenoen | epee i 62 yume | L © i : oe 8 enw ST | yt © © Figure 4—Detzled Drawings ofthe Test Specimen Push-Out Deview 34. ‘Oven—An oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 60 4 3°C (140 45°F. 38, Calibration Cytinden—A hollow metal eylinder, 101.6: 0.13 mm (40.005 in.) in outside «iameter by 14025 mm (5% 1 in.) high (for calibration purposes). 36, Rubber Bult-—for introducing alr into the stabitometer 37, Foltower—One solid wall metal follower, 101.2 mm (3.985 in.) in diameter by 140 mm (54 in.) high (sce Figures 5 and 6) TS:2d 244 AASHTO (©2011 by he American Ascii of Sine Highvny al Trspion Oi, Allrighsreserved.Dupcaton ra vsaton of apse oor (2am) smoso2e 30702835) = 4.26" Da 175m) 206" Ream Sts (sem {Eigar ee) ‘3906 20.005Die (ao218 20-27 mm) im) ‘Shap Eape ‘Onorequtes st otororack OR Seal tight Fe Cat Pao Figure 6 Detail Drawing of the Specimen Follower 4, TEST SPECIMENS ad. ‘Size of Specimens—Test specimens shall be 102 ram (4 in.) in dlameter. The eight ofthe test er, if this height cannot be ebtaned, the 520 T2465 ‘AASHTO (©2011 by he AnvricaAszciin of Sate Hight nd aspen fla ‘Alright eceved Duplin sa vation of eptiabe ee 42. Compaction of Specimens—Test specimens shall be formes and compacted in wceordance ‘with T 247, or compacted into a4-in, diameter mold using a Superpave gyratory compactor, ayratory shear compactor, or other types of compactors. Note 1—Specimens eompacted by different means may aot have similar stabilometer or cohesiometer values. Ba. 62. 63. ADJUSTMENT OF STABILOMETER Adjust the stabilometer base so that dhe distance from the bottom of the upper tapered ring (Figure 1) c the top ofthe base és 89 mm (3.5 in). ‘Adjust the amount of ait in the ar cell so that when tho Liquid pressure is increased from 34.5 to {689 kPa (Sto 100 psi) by turning the pump handle atthe appraximate rate of two turns per second, ‘he turns indicator will indicate 2.00 + 0.05 turns with the meta calibration eylinder in the stabilometer chamber. ‘With the stabilometer and stage base in position on the platen adjust the testing machine so that the oad will be applied atthe rte of 1.3 mm (0.05 ini. 6A. 62. PROCEDURE Bring the specimen toa temperature of 60: 3°C (140: 5*F. Note 2—tring the specimen to room temperature Inthe ease where itis desired to test with whatever moisture may be present inthe mixture. ‘Transfer the compacted specimen from the mold tothe stabilometer by means of the push-out device described in Section 2.3, Make sure that the specimen goes into the stebilometer straight, ‘with the amped end up, and that itis firmly seated level on the base. Place the 140-mm (S'-in) Follower on top ofthe specimen and tura the displacement pump until a horizontal pressure of exactly 34.5 kPa (5 psi is recorded on the stabilometer gauge. If he esting machine has-a spherically seaied type of upper head, the locking shims used during the fabrication of the test specimen must be removed prior to performing the siabilometer test. Start the vertical movernent of the press (speed of 1.3 mm (0.05 in. Jinn) and record the stbilometer gauge readings whea the vertical load is 2.23, 4.45, 890, 134, 17.8, 22.3, and 6.7 EN (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, ‘and 6000 Ibi, Stop the vortcal movement ofthe press when the total Ioad reaches 26,7 KN (6000 bt) Immediately reduce the vertical load to 4.15 EN (1000 tb) and then adjust the horizontal pressure o 34,5 kPa (5 psi. This will result in a further reduction ofthe vetica lod in less than 4.45 KN (1000 Th). This is normal and no compensation need be made. Measure the umber of tens ofthe pump handle required to raise the horizontal pressue from 34.5 to 689 kPa (to 100 psi withthe specimen in place. Turn the pump handle at approximetely two tums per sevond when applying this pressure. The number of turns measured i the displacement reading, ‘D. In measuring the displacement, the vertics! load will inerease and at times exeeed 4.45 kN (1000 Ib), As before, these changes in lo are characteristic end no adjustment or compensation is required, CALCULATIONS 7A. Determine the silt value ofthe specimen a5 follows: 222 spe earn ama aE y [Aone -n)]roa2 7 is2a T3485 BASHTO (©2011 by te American Asoiton ofS High a Transportation Ol. jake eerved Duplesons oldin of pple S) = stabilometer value; Py = horizontal pressure, for coresponling P, in ka (oe psi); D~ displacement on specimen; and Pe = vertical pressure (typically 2800 kPa (400 psi). 8 REPORT a4. “The report shall inch the following: att Stabilometer value, a2. ‘est temperature, and 3.13. Bitumen content COHESION Note 3—Cohesion testing is optional and is not required to determine Hyeom Siabily em ‘APPARATUS ot Cohestometer—A Tveem eohesiometer as shown in Figures 7 and 8. 92, ‘Steel Shot—2004 g of steel shot, size No, 10 all passing @ 2-mm (No, 10) seve ad retained on a 1-4-mm (No, H) sieve 93 Oven—An oven capable of maintaining « temperature of 60+ 1°C (1402)? 94, Balance —A balance having a capacity ofS kg and sensitive to I o ess Note 3—Other materials may be used, provided a ste of loading i achieved which is equivalent to tht obtained when using tcl shot 10. TEST SPECIMENS 40.4 Preparation of Specinen—The test specimen will normaly bs the compacted specimen used afer ‘completion of the stabilometer test. Ifthe sample is taken from a compressed pavement slab by ‘means other than ering. t should be eut to size with a suitable saw. 10.2. Size of Specimens —The cohesiomste is desianedt test specimens upto 127 mm (Sin) In width ‘and from 25 mim (1 in. 9 76:mm (3 in.) high nm. PROCEDURE 114. ‘lace the specimen tobe tosted in the oven and allow to stand until the temperature is 691°C (140+ 2° throughout (this normally will require a minimum of 2h). TS2d T2467 ‘AASHTO (0.2011 byte Americon Asolo Sats Hight an Tasspotton Ola, ‘A igs esved Dupin ise viaton of apliabe ew 112. Proheat the coheslometerto 601°C (140-£ 2°). Clamp the test spesimen firmly in the cobesiomter, being certain tha iis well centered withthe top plates parallel with the surface of the specimen. Tilton the clamp nuts until snug using the fingers only. Delay starting the test until ‘the teroperatre within the cohesiometer cabinet returns to 60+ IC (40 £ 2%). Allo the shot to ow into the receiver atthe end ofthe lever arm ata rae of flow of 1800+ 20 gin. Stop the ‘lw of shot when the specimen breaks or whien the lever arm defleets 13 mm (pin. from the otizonta, if that occurs before the specimen breaks, Determine and record the mass of shot to the ‘nearest gram. leo Sule Shot Su Waal bd nats Box ‘ip Hester : Ber ‘Shot Racor Peston of Saciman ‘ser eeating Figure 8 Detailed Drawing ofthe Hlveem Cohesiometer Ts20 1246-8 ‘AASHTO: (©2011 by the Amis Assen of Se Highay ani Teaspoon Os Allihtsreerved Duplo va vation of ape ‘Steblameter Vale Coractas Figur 9 12. 424 TS.20 Chat fo Corecng Staormater Vues to Specimen Melgtof 250" (am) Height Coxrecon shoul be mado ushe Example: Overt Hot of 2.74"(68 men) ‘Suet Conecton Curve Stoblomete Value Uncorecod = Stelomete Vio Coecod = 38 ‘Over Specimen Ht 2.00710. (71 mm t0 78.) 260" 102.79 (9 min 70 Fm) 20" to 250" (1 mm to 65 mn) 2.20" 239" (8 nm 980 m7) ‘CALCULATIONS 2.0019 210" mmo 55.) 10 0 70 0 0 2 tablometer Value Before Height Creston Chart for Correcting Stabilometer Values to Specimen Hefght of 2.5 in. (64 mm) CCaleulate the cohesiometer values as follows: US, Customary Units c= L/W (0201-00441) T2685 £0201 bythe Asian Association of Sto Highway and Tanipriaion Oe Allie sewed Papin = wolaon of applied @ “AASHTO Mete Unt C=L/W (003108 -a.0026917) o wher c cohesiometer value, g/25 mm (I in) of width cosrected to 76.mm (3 in.) height; Lo = weight of shot, W = iamotr, or width of specimen, em (or ins HT = height of specimen, em (or in.) nd 13, REPORT 19.4. ‘The report shall include the following 13.4.4 ‘Cohesiometer value, 13.1.2. “Test temperature, and 43.1.3. Bitumen content, " xeept forthe allowable tolerances of the calibration cylinder in Sestion 25, this method isthe same as ASTM D 1360.09, * A more detailed description of the procedures for performing the tess is available on request ftom the California Division of Highways, Transportation Laboratory, $900 Folsom Btvd., Sacramento, CA 95819. Also aveilabe is a procedure containing details regarding the operation and calibration ofthe stabilometer andthe replacement ofthe ‘stabilometerdisphragm, ® Detaled working drawings ofthe apparatus illustrated in Figure 8 are available at minal cost ftom the American Society for Tesing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr,, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2939, Request Adjunct No, 12-415600-10. 7820 T 246-10 ‘AASHTO (©2011 by the Amarin Ascii of Sat Highay and Tanpoition OFF Allis reserved Depletion vnaon of apc Standard Method of Test for Preparation of Test Specimens of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by Means of California Kneading Compactor AASHTO Designation: T 247-10 ASTM Designation: D 1561-92 1 SCOPE 1. ‘The method covers the compaction of test specimens of hot mix asphalt (MA) by means of & ‘echnical compactor that imparis a kneading aetion tothe test specimens by a series of individual impressions made with a ram, 12. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to adress ail ofthe safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. 1s the responsibility of the weer ofthe standard fo establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the apelicablliy of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 24, AASHTO Standards: R30, Mixture Conditioning of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) 1246, Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by Means of Hveem Apparatus mt T316, Viscosity Det ination of Asphalt Binder Using Rotational Viscometer 3 APPARATUS: a4. Caisfornta Kneading Compactor—Mechasical kneading compactor, as shown in Figure Jor consolidating tet specimens Ts.20 T RATA “AASHTO (©2011 by ie Amcrican Asoition of Stale High se Tenpatton Oil Aris served Dupeaton i lation oF apa a Figure 4—California Kneading Compactor Note 1—Kacading compactors, which on standardization develop a trace curve similar to that of the California kneading compactor, shell be considered acceptable under tis test method Optionally, any kneading compactor cepable of fabricating specimens that will provide stabilometer valies equivalent to those obtained from the Celiforia kneading compactor shall be acceptable for use under this test method. The supplier has the responsibility of furnishing those substantiating data for his devie. Noto 2--Curves are considered within standardization when they show the same peak pressure and dovell time in load tne trace obtained inthe calibration procedure Note 3—This compactor shall be considered in standardization when the peak momentary load applied toa test specimen is held within $ percent ofthe intended foot pressure (within the range from 24 to 3.4 MPa (350 t0 500 psi). Note 4 The stabilomotervalucs from replicate specimens fabricated by'T 247 and tested in ‘accordance with T 246 shal fall within a range of Unee units forall dense-graded HMA mixtures ‘containing aggregates not larger than 12.5 mm ('gin.) and within a range of four unis for coarser- ‘araded HMA mixtures containing up 10 25.0-mm (I-in) maxiraum-slzad aggregates, 32, Compactor Foot—A ram having a face shaped as shown in Figure 2, and heving an area of approximately 20.059 em? (3.1 in?) 33. Mold Holder, Fusnel, and Feeder Trowgh, as shown in Figure 3 1S:20 a T2aT2 ‘AASHTO (©2011 by he Ameian Associ of Ste Highnay nd Transportation Oia. All rile sewed Dapcaton ia ile oaplicaeaw Diora Lek, en) Min ae Dito Ars Pot Siseavenens x48 5. ‘orton ety (ann) Figure 2—Face of Compactor Ram. Figure 3—Punnel, Feeder Trough, and Mold Assembly ofthe California Kneading Compactor 34, Molds—Molding eyindes for 101.60 0.13 mm (8.0002 0.005 in) in inside diameter by 127 mm (Sin) n height. A minimum of three such compaction mods sreeoramended, 35, Rod-—Round.nose soo rod, 9.5mm (i. in dancer by 406 ma (16 in.) Jong. TS20 Fs ‘AASHTO {©2011 by he Amin Assen oF Slt High ed Taapontin Oils. All hs eswved Ducat isa vation o aplice a 36, 37. 38, 39, 3.10. ant. 3.12. 3.13. 3.14. 315, Paper Disks—Heavy paper dlsks, 102-mm (4 in. in diameter Shin—Sieel shim, 64 mm (in) thick, 19 mm Ch in.) wid, and 64 mon 2¥/ in) long. Metal Fotlowers-—tiwo metal followers, 101.2 +0.11 mm (3.985 + 0.005 in) in diameter; one 140 min (5.5 in.) high, th other 38.1 mau (1.5 in. high. Testing Machine—A compression testing machine having a minimum capacity of 222 KN (50,000 Ib). Ovens—tetre ovens capable of maintaining temperatures of + 3°C (140 + 5°P) and 1102 3C (3045), Balance—A balance having a capacity of5 kg or more and sensitive to 1.0 g 0 less for determining the mass of the mixture Measuring Device—A device for measuring the height of the specimen fo the nearest 0.3 mm. (0.01 in). Sample Mixing Apparatus—Suitable equipment is required for mixing the aggregate and the asphalt binder. Hand mixing is permissible but mechanical mixing is reeommendes.* Sample Spltuer—Rite-type. Miscellaneous Apparatns—Thermometess,ttowels,spatulas, scoops, gloves, and metal pans. Note §—Caution: rough interior of molds can cause a difference in test results, 4d. 42. 43, TEST SPECIMENS Selection of Binder Conten for Specimens Determine the theoretical or estimated optimum ‘amount of bitumen for the aggregate (Note 6). On normal materials, conduct Inboraory tests fora ‘minimum of thee binder cantens, one above, one below, and ane at the theoretical or estimated ‘opimuma content. The Ineremental change of binder content should be 0.5 percent. For extremely critical mixes, ower the ineremental change of binder content to 0.3 pereent, and increase the numberof tess to a minimum of five. Conversely, for highly absorptive egeregntes, increase the incremental change of binder content to 1.0 percent, and reduce the number of tests to tres. "Express the percentage of the binder asa percentage ofthe dry weight of the agerepate Note 6—The optimum smount of binder forthe aggregate may be determined by the method ‘commonly employed by the laboratory. A method that has been found suitable isthe centrifuge Trerosene equivalent method. Preparation of Aggregates—Obtaia a sieve analysis and specific gravity determination on the fine ‘and coarse aggregate (agaregate shall be separated by means of 24.75-mm (No. 4) sie). Separate the aggregate int the various size fractions necessary for accurately secombining into lest mixtures conforming to specified grading requirements Preparation of Mixtures—Combine the moisture-fee aggregates into batches weighing 1200 ¢. (very effort should be made Io fabricate test specimens 68 3 mm (2.5 0.1 in) in height) The mixing temperature range is defined asthe range of temperatures where the unaged binder has viseasily oF 0.17 + 0,02 Pas when messured in accordance with T 316, Charge the mixing bow! TS:24 TRS ‘AASHTO (©2011 by te Ameian Asscitin of Sate Highvay Tsp Oia. Allright esved Dupin isa ban of apliaelaw ‘wit she heated aggregate from one pan and dry-mix thoroughly. Form a rater in the dry-blended aggregate and weigh the required amount of binder into the mix. Immediately initiate mixing, Mix the aggregate and binder as quickly and thorougtly as possible to yield HIMA having a uniform distribution of binder. As an option, mechanical mixing may be used, Note 7—Modified binders may not adhere to the equiviscosity requirements noted and the manufacturer's recommendations should be used to determine mixing and compaction femperatures 54. 52, 63, 54. PROCEDURE ‘Temperatares—After completing, the mixture preparation, perform the required mixture conditioning in accordance with R 30. Molding Specimens —The mixture and molds shall be brought to compaction temperature prior to ‘molding operations. Place the compaction mold in postion inthe mold holder, and insert a paper disk, 102 mm (4 in) in diameter to cover the baseplate of the mold holder, Place a steel shim under the edge ofthe mold ternporaily in order forthe baseplate ofthe mold holder to act asa Jec-Ficting plunger duting the compaction operation, Weigh out the required amount of HMA. mixture for one specimen atthe specified temperature and place it inthe insulated feeder trough, ‘which shall have been preheated tothe approximate compaction temperature for the HMA, sixture. Spread the HMA mixture uniformly on the feeder trough to ensure uniformity wien teansfeering ito the mold, By means of a paddle of suitable dimensions to fit the cross-section of the trough, push one half ofthe mixture into the mold, Preheat the round-nose rod. Rod the ane half portion of the HMA mixture 20 times inthe centr of mass and 20 times around the edge by ments of the rown-nose sad, Transfer the remainder of the sample to the mold and repeat the roiling procedure, Place the mold and assembly into position an the California kneading, compactor. By means ofthe variable transformer controlling the heater, maintain the compsctor foot sulfciently hot to prevent the HIMA mixture from adhering to it, Apply approximately 20, tamping blows ata pressure of 1.7 MPa (250 psi). The numberof tamping blows will vary, depending upon the typeof the HMA mixture, the purpose being 0 form the HMA mixture into @ semi-compacted condition so that twill not be unduly disturbed by th fl pressure of 3.4 MPa (300 psi, After semi-compzction hes been accomplished, remove the shim and release the mold= Lightening serew sufficiently to pennit fee “up and down! movement ofthe mold. Inrease the compactor foot pressure to 3.4 MPa (500 psi), and apply 150 tamping blows to complete «compaction. [Note 8—When testing refrve samples forthe purpose of qualifying a compactor, use only terial forthe test specimens that will compact under the maximum foot pressure presribed in Section 4.2 without visible movement, distortion, ax penetration ofthe compactor foot Note 9—In some instances where sandy or unstable materal is involved, {t may not be possible to accomplish the compaction in the kneading eompactor because oF undue movement ofthe mixture under the compactor foo. In these instances, use @ 178-KN (40,000 Th) static load (for a 102-mm (4-in.) diameter specimen) applied by the double plunger method in which afreefitting plunger is placed on both the bottom and top of the test specimen. Apply the load a the rate of 1.3 mim (0.05 in Yin, and hold for 305 8 Application of Statie Lood—After compaction inthe California kneading compactor, place the ‘mold snd the specimen in an oven at 60°C (140'F) for 1.5 b prior to applying the static “leveling off” load: ‘The “leveling off” load shall consist ofthe application of a state load of 6.9 MPs (1000 psi) in a ‘compression testing machine. Apply the load by the double plunger method in which metal followers are employed as free-ittng plungerson the lop and bottom ofthe specimen. After 8-20 T2ATS ‘AASHTO (©2011 by he Amen Astin of Ste High 8 Tranpetion Oi Mire Dupletn isa van of ape aw. releasing the “leveling off load, measure the height of dhe specimen tothe nearest 0.25 mn (0.0 in.); record the measurement, and retwr the specimen inthe mold tothe 60°C (140°) oven in onder to rotan tomperatore for testing, Complete testing ofthe specimens according to'T 246 ‘within 3h of returning the specimens tothe oven, Note 10—A push-out device for removing the specimen is described in'T 246, The temperature ‘of the specimen and the method of transfer Tron the mold tothe stailometer are given in Section $2 of T 246, 6. REPORT 64. ‘The report shail include the following: 6A Height ofthe specimen, and 612. “Temperature of compaction in the California kneading compactor. " Blueprints of detailed drawings of the apparatus ilustrated in Figure 1 are availabe at a nominal cost from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Rece St, Philadelphia, PA No. 12-415610-00, A mechanical mixing apparatus eapable of mixing simultaneously from Iwo to five batches has heen developed by the California State Department of Public Works, Division of Highways. Working drawings are available at a nominal cost fom the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Baer Hatbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Request Adjunct No. 12-#15600-20. 103. Request Adjunct Ts2d T2476 AASHTO (©2011 by the Aeron Asoition of St Highway a Tanptation Oi Alri seve Dein «vlan of appa a Standard Method of Test for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size é AASHTO Designation: T 248-11" @) ASTM Designation: C 702-98 (2003) Sa 1. SCOPE = 1A “These methods cover the reduction of large samples of aggregate tothe sppropsite size for testing, employing techniques that are intended to minimize variations in measured characteristics between the test samples so selected and the large sample, 12. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asthe standard 13. {This samara does not purport to address the safe concerns assoetoted with is use. Its the responsibility of the user of thie standard to ectablish appropriee safety ond health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory liitations prior to use. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: 24 AASHTO Standards: 12, Sompling of Aggregates m= T'84, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate 22, ASTM Standard: mC 125, Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Conerete Aggrenates 3. TERMINOLOGY aa. definitions —the terms used inthis standard are defined in ASTM C 125, ‘SIGNIFICANCE AND USE a 44 ‘Specifications for ageregates require sampling portions of the material for testing, Other factors being equal, large samples will ten to be mare representative ofthe total supply. The methods sleseribed inthis standard provide for eedueing the lage sample obtained in the field or produced in the laboratory to a coavenient size for conducting a number of test to describe the material and measure its quality, These methods are conducted in such a manner thatthe smaller test sample portion will be representative of the lager sample and, thus, ofthe total supply. The individual test methods provide for minimum masses of material to be tested. 42. Under certein circumstances, reduction in size of the lage sample prior to testing is not recommended. Substantial differences between the selected test samples sometimes cannot be TS-t¢ T2484 ‘AASHTO (2011 by the Assia Associ of Sn igh 8 Trapostaion fi as esaved Depletion sa iba oapliabe 4a, avoided, as for example, inthe ease of an aggregate having relatively few lage-sized particles in ‘the sample, Te laws of chance dictate thet these few partcfes may be unequally distibuted among the redueed:-sze test samples, Similarly, ifthe test sample is being examined for certain ‘contaminants occurring as afew discret fagments in only small percentages, caution should be used in interpreting results from the reduced-size test sample. Chance inclusion or exclusion of | ‘only one or two particles in the selected test sample may importantly influence interpretation ‘of the characteristics ofthe original sample. In these eases, the entire original sample should be tested Failure to carefully follow the procedures in these methods could result in provi nonrepresentative sample to be used in subsequeat testing. BA Ad. 52, ‘SELECTION OF METHOD Fine Aggregate—Sumples of fine egarepate that are der than the saturated-surface-dry condition (Note 1) shall be reduced in size by a mechanical splitter according to Method A. Samples having. Free moisture on the partite surfaces may be reduced in size by quartering according to Method B, or by treating asa miniature stockpile as deseribed in Method C. |f the use of Method B or Method C is desired an the sample does nat have free mofsture onthe particle surfaces, the sample may be moistened fo achieve this condition, thoroughly mixed, and thea the sample reduction performed. Note 4—tho method of determining the saturated-surface-dry condition fs described in T 84, As aaqulek approximation, ifthe fine aggregate will rain its shape when molded in the hand, it may be considered tobe wetter than saturted-sucacendry. ose of Method A is desired and the sample hus free moisture onthe particle surfaces, the entire sample may’be dried to atleast the surface-dry condition, using temperatures that do not exceed. ‘hose specified for any of the tests contemplated, and then the sample reduction performed. Alternatively, if te moist sample is very large, a preliminary split may be made using 2 rieehanieal splitter having wide chute openings 38 mm (1 in.) or more to reduce the sample to ‘not less than 5000 g The portion so obtained is then dice, and reduction to test samples completed using Method A. Coarse Aggregates and Mistures of Corte and Fine Aggregates —Reduce tbe surmpe using a ‘mechanical splilter in accordaace with Method A (preferred method) or by quartering, in seeordance with Method B. The miniature stockpile Method C is not permitted for coarse aggregates or mixtures of coarse and fine aggregates. 6, ‘SAMPLING “The samples of aggregate obtained in the fel shall be taken in accordance with T2, or as required by individual test methods. When tests for sieve analysis only are contemplated, the size of Held sample listed in 2 i usually adequate, When addtional fests are to be conducted, the user shall determine that the initial size ofthe field sample is adequate to accomplish all intended ‘ests Similar procedures shall be used for aggregate produced inthe laboratory. TSte 72482 “AASHTO ©2011 by the Aman Assit of Sine ighnay sn aspen Oils ‘Al is reserved Depletion sala of ape a METHOD A—MECHANICAL SPLITTER 7. APPARATUS 7A. ‘Sample Spltten—Sample spiters shall have an even numberof equal width chutes, but not less than a total of eight for coarse aggregate, or 12 for fine aggregate, which discharge alternatively to ‘each side of the spliter, For eoarse aggregate and mixed aggregate the minimum width of the individual chutes shall he approximately 50 percent lrger than the largest particles inthe sample ‘o be split (Note 2). For dy fine aggregate in which the entire sample will pass the 9.5emm C= in) sieve, the minimum width of the individual chutes shall be atleast 50 porcent larger than the Jargest particles inthe sample andthe maxionum width shall be 19 mm (% in.. The spiter shall be equipped with tivo receptacles to hold the two halves ofthe sample following spliting. I shall als be equipped witha hopper or staightedged pan, which has width equal to oF sight less than the overall width ofthe assembly of chutes, by which the sample may be fed ata controlled rate tothe chutes. The spliter and accessory equipment shall be so designed that the sample will low smoothly without restriction or foss of material (Figure 1), Atleast Tete ge (Si Snes frre Agave ‘Nema be co neces arapen yp Clos ons Figure 4—Semple Splitters (Rifles) Note 2~ Mechanical spites aro commonly available in sizes adequate for coarse aggregate having the largest particle nt ever 37.5 mum (1 in). Sic T2H83 AASHTO (©2011 by te AncianAssocition of Sat High a Transportation Osis Arh neewvol Depctn sa viouton or ape awe at. PROCEDURE Place the original sample in the hopper or pan and uniformly distribute it from edze to edge, so ‘that when itis introduced into the chutes, approximately equal amownts will low through each ‘chute, The rate a whieh the sample is introduced shall be such as to allow free flowing through ‘the chutes int the receptacles below. Reintroduce the portion ofthe sample in one ofthe receptacles into the splitler as many times as necessary to reduce the sample to the size specified {ortho intended tet. The portion ofthe material collected inthe other receptacle may be reserved ‘or reduetion in size for atber tess. METHOD B—QUARTERING a. APPARATUS Apparatus shall consist ofa straightedge; straightedged scoop, shovel or trowel; broom or brush; and canvas blanket or tea-resistant tarp approximately 2 by 2.5m (6 by 8 fb. 10. 10.4 10.1.1 40.1.2. PROCEDURE Use either the procedure deseribed in Section 10.1.1 or 10.1.2, or combination of both Place the original sample on a hard, clean, love surface where there will be neither loss of material nor the acedenal addition of Foreign material, Mix the material by turning the entre sample over at feast three times until Ube material is thoroughly mixed. With te lst turing, form, the enti sample inte conical pile by depositing individual lits on tap ofthe preceding lif. Carefully Hatten the conical pe to uniform thickness and diameter by pressing down the apex with a shovel or trowel so tat each quarter sectr of the resltng pile will contain the material originally ini. The diameter should be approximately four to eight times the thickness. Divide the fattened mass into four equal quariers witha shovel or rowel and remove two diagonally ‘opposite quarters, including all fine material, and brush the cleared spaces clean, The two unused ‘quarters may be set aside for Iter use or testing, ifdesied, Suceessively mix and quarter the remaining material until the sample is reduced to the desired size (Figure 2) As an alternative tothe procedure in Seetion 10.1.1 or whea the floor surface is uneven, the field sample may be placed on a canvas blanket or eur-resistan trp and mised witha shovel or trowel as described in Section 10.1.1, leaving the sample in @conicol pile As an alternative to mixing ‘withthe shovel or trowel, lift each comer ofthe blanket or tarp and pull i over the sample toward the diagonally opposite comer, eausing the material to be rolled. After the material has been rolled «sufficient numberof times so tet i is thoroughly mixed, pall each comer of the blanket or tarp toward the cenlerof the pile so the material wil be left in a conical ple. Meten the pile as Aeseribed in Seotion 10.1.1. Divide the sample as described in Section 10.1.1, or inset a slik or pipe beneath the blanket or trp snd under the center ofthe ple, then lift both ends ofthe stick, dividing the sampie into ovo equal parts. Remove the stick, eaving a fold of the blanket between the divided portions. Inert the stick under the center ofthe pile at right angles to the frst division ‘and again lift both ends ofthe stick, dividing the saraple into four equal paris, Remove two diagonally opposite quarters, being careful to clean the fines from the blanket or tarp. The two tunused quarters may beset uside for later se or testing i desired, Suecessively mix and quarter the remaining material unl the saraple is reduced to the desired size (Figure 3) T2ae4 “AASHTO (©2011 bye American Assoitn of State Highvay ad Tranptation Oils Al signs reserved Ducato sa von of apple a. < a~ (Gono Sampia on Hard Moy Forming uarer ator lattoring Cone ‘Goan Surace Tew Cone 2 +S “Sampla Divided int Guarers_ Retain Opporke Guarere Reject tho GtherTwo Quarirs Figure 2—Quartering on a Hard, Clean, Level Surface V/ Mixby Rotingon Blanket Form Cane ier Maing Quarles Flatoning Cone ‘Sample Diidod nto Quorors Rain Oppostio Quarrs Refet the Otho Two Qustors Figure 3—Quarering on a Canvas Blanket or Tear-Resistant Tarp TSte T2485 {©2011 by he Ansa Association of Ste ighy ond Teaspoon Offi Ai i eserved Duplication i+ vlan of apliabe le ‘AASHTO METHOD C—MINIATURE STOCKPILE SAMPLING (DAMP FINE AGGREGATE ONLY) 1. ‘APPARATUS 14 Apparatus shall consist ofa stexightodge; staightedged scoop, shovel, or trove for mixing the agaregate; and either a small sampling thief, small scoop, or spoon for sampling. 12. 14. Tse ‘equivalent but not PROCEDURE Place the original sample of damp fine ageregate on « har clean, level surface where there will be nether loss of material nor the aceidental addition of foreign material, Mix the material by turning the entire sample over at least dee times until dhe material i thoroughly mixed. With the Fast turing, form the entire sample into conical ple by depositing individual fits on top of the precoding lif If desired, the conical pte may be flattened toa uniform thickness and diameter by pressing the apex with a shovel or trowel so that each quarter sector ofthe resulting pile will contain the material originally init. Obtain a sample for each test by selecting at least five increments of material at rendom locations from the miniatuze stockpile, using any ofthe sampling

    You might also like