Report On Survey of insect-pest and disease incidence in Black Pepper in West Bengal and Andaman & Nicobar Islands Dr Nripendra Laskar, Head, Dept Entomology Dr. Md. Wasim Reza, Asst. Professor Dr. Anamika Debnath, Asst. Professor Dr Surajit Khalko, Asst. Professor Mr. Prahlad Sarkar, Asst. Professor Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya Pundibari, Cooch Behar — 736165, WBBlack Pepper is one of the most important spices and known as “King of Spices”. This spice originated from Western Ghats of India. In India, black pepper is primarily grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Pondicherry, West Bengal and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. India ranks first position in produetion as well as export of black pepper in the world. Kerala produces about 90% of total production of black pepper in India, Black Pepper has utmost economic importance due to earnings of foreign exchange. Our survey on pests and disease in Black Pepper was conducted in two phases. The 1* phase of survey started after our meeting with the Director, ICAR-CIARI, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and his team members ie, Dr. R. K. Gautam (Head, Division of Field Crops), Dr. B. Augustine Jerard (Head, Division of Horticulture & Forestry) and Dr. V. Damodaran, Farm Manager, Sippighat Farm (CIARD, they guided us for proper planning for survey of the same. Survey was conducted at different locations of Black pepper growing areas of West Bengal. We visited different Research farms including farmer’s field, recorded the incidence and severity of pests of Black pepper and collected few samples. The details of the location are as follows: Andaman & Nicobar Islands Schedule Programme of survey: Date: 21 September 2016 1, Horticulture Research farm, ICAR — CIARI, Sippighat, South Andaman 2, State Agricultural Farm, Sippighat, South Andaman 3. A.K. Biswas, Guptapara (Farmers field), South Andaman Date: 22 September 2016 1, State Agricultural Farm, Jirkatang, South Andaman 2, Andaman Plantation Development Corporation (P) Ltd. Date: 23 September 2016 1, T.C.[ Plantation, Rangachang, Bamanala, South Andaman 2. Ramchandran, Rangachang No.-5, Bamanala, South Andaman Date: 18 October 2016 1. Research Farm, CPCRI (ICAR), Mohitnagar, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal 2. Farmers Field, Mohitnagar, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal 3. State Agricultural Farm, Sahidnagar, Maynaguri, West Bengal 4, Farmers Field, Malbazar, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal Survey of Horticulture Research Farm, ICAR-CIARI, Sippighat We started our survey on 21 September 2016 along with Dr. V. Damodargn and visited Horticulture Research Farm, Sippighat, ICAR-CIARI, South Andaman. Total area of the farm is - 32 Acres with Latitude-11%62°337"N and Longitude 92°72°648""B. The varieties observed in this farm were — Panniyur- 2 & Panniyur- 5. Incidence of insect-pests and diseases in Black Pepper were recorded in nursery as well as in main plantation field. The data on incidence of insect-pests and diseases'and their severity is the representative of average data from randomly observed plants.Major Pests and Diseases of Black Pepper: [Nursery “Major insect-pests SI. No. Name of Pests/Diseases [Incidence | Severity 1 [Leaf gall thrips 30% 20% 2 Whitefly 6 numbers of adults/leaf_ 3 Poilu beetie 15% 2 no. of infested — = |lieaves/plant. 4 Hairy Caterpillar 25% 17% ek ‘Minor insect-pests 1 Hopper 1-2 no. per leaf Diseases 1 Phytophthora blight 30% 20% 2 ‘Anthracnose 10% 10% ‘Main Plantation Field i Major insect-pests 1 Leaf gall thrips 40% 23%. 2 Whitefly 6-7 number of adults/leaf_ 3 Pollu beetle 5% Sno. of infested leaves/plant 4 Top shoot borer 2% 3% 5 ‘Mealy bug Z 3% 2% ‘Minor insect-pests ae 1 Hairy caterpillar 35% 20% 2 Hopper 14 no. /plant Diseases 1 Phytophthora blight 10% 10% 2 ‘Anthracnose 3% 2% Survey of State Agricultural Farm, Sippighat Affer observation of Horticulture Research Farm, ICAR-CIARI, Sippighat, we visited State ‘Agricultural Farm, Sippighat, South Andaman, Total farm area was 35 Acre (Latitude- 11°60°610""N Longitude- 092°67°032"E, The varieties of black pepper were Panniyur 1 & Panniyur 2. The status of pests and diseases in the farm was as follows: Sl.No. ‘Name of pests/diseases Incidence [ Severity Insect- pests = 1 Leaf gall thrips 20% 15% a Whitefly of adults/leat 3 Nematode 15% Root gall index 4.0 Disease 1 Phytophthora blight 30% 20%Survey of Farmer’s Field, Guptapara, South Andaman We visited to farmer field of Guptapara (Mr. A.K. Biswas). Total farm area was 2.0 Actes, (Latitude- 11°S7°451°N and Longitude-092°66"128"E). ‘The varieties of black pepper observed in the field was Karimunda, The status of the pests and diseases incidence were as follows: SI.No. Name of pests/diseases | Incidence Severity Insect pests 1 Leaf gall thrips 23% 15% 2 White 7-8 no. of adultsieat Day 2: Survey of State Agricultural Farm, Jirkatang On the second day, we visited State Agricultural Farm, Jirkatang, South Andaman and met farm in-charge Mr. Abdul Rajjak. Total farm area was 62 Acres (Latitude-11°57°470"'N, ‘and Longitude-092°66"143""E). The varieties of black pepper observed in the farm were Panchami, Karimunda & Panniyur. We observed both the Black pepper nursery as well as main field and found different type of insect-pests and diseases are as below: Nursery ra ‘Major insect-pests SI. No. Name of _ pests/| Incidence ‘Severity diseases i Leaf gall thrips 30% 20% 2 Whitest 3 adulis/leaf 3 Pollu beetle 18% 4 infested = fx Jeaves/plant Diseases = 1 Phytophthora blight | 10% 3% 2. ‘Anthracnose 3% 2% ‘Main Plantation Field ‘Major insect-pests a 1 Leaf gall thrips 30% 20% 1 2 Nematodes 3% Root gall index 40 3 Pollu beetle 3% 4 infested z =| leaves/plant Diseases 2 1 Phytophthora blight | 10% 3% a ‘Anthracnose [5% 2% Survey of Farmer Field: After Observation State Agricultural Farm, Jirkatang, South Andaman, we visited ‘Andaman Plantation Development Private Ltd. (Latitude-11°80°604”"N and Longitude- 092°65'521”E).‘The varieties grown in the farmer’s field different pests and diseases were as follows ~Karimunda & Panniyur 2, 5 and the status of Sl.No. ‘Name of pests and | Incidence Severity diseases Major pests 1 Leaf gall thrips 35% 25% 2 is Whitefly — | 4adults/ieaf Pollu beetle % 2 infested leaves | fplant Diseases 1 Phytophthora blight | 12% T% 2 ‘Anthracnose. 8% 3% On the third day Day 3: Survey of Farmers Field: ,, we visited farmers? Bamanala, South Andaman, Total farm area was 5 Acres. farmers’ field was Karimunda, Panniyur 2 & 5 (Latitude- 11°55°196"N and Longitude- 092°72'992""E). The status of different type of pests and diseases were: field namely, T.C.I Plantation, Rangachang, he variety of Black Pepper in the SLNo. Name of pests and | Incidence Severity diseases | Major insect-pests rec Leaf gall thrips | 35% 25% aes) 2: Whitefly 3-4 adulisfeat Diseases 1 Phytophthora blight | 10% % 2 ‘Anthracnose 8% 3% Survey of Farmer Field: After recording observations of T.C.I Plantation, Rangachang, Bamanala, Southem ‘Andaman, (Farmers field), we visited another farmers’ field (i.e. Ramchandran, Rangachang , Bamanala, South Andaman). Total farm area was approx. 5 acres. The variety of plantation in the farmers’ field were- Karimunda, Panniyur 2 & 5 (Latitude- 11°S6"620""'N and Longitude- 092°72'932”"E, The status of pests and diseases were: Sl.No. Name of pests and | Incidence Severity diseases Major pests I Leaf gall thrips 30% 20% if 2 White 3-5 adultsliear 3 Pollu beetle 5% 2 infested Jeaves/plant Diseases [steams Phytophthora blight % 2 ‘Anthracnose 4%West Bengal Survey of Research Farm, CPCRI (ICAR), Mohitnagar, Jalpaiguri, In West Bengal we started our survey form CPCRI (ICAR), Mohitnagar, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal after discussion with Dr. Arun Shit, Principal Scientist,ICAR. Under his supervision the data on disease and insect pest of Black Pepper were recorded from the Research Farm (Latitude- N-26.5306 Longitude- E-88.6677). The status of pests and diseases in the farm was as follows: Sl.No. ‘Name of pests and | Incidence Severity diseases Major pests 1 Leaf gall thrips 3% 2% 2 Whitefly : 7 3 Pollu beetle 4% 1 infested leaves/plant Diseases 1 Phytophthora blight | 4% 2% * Anthracnose 2% 1% Survey of Farmer Fi After recording observations from CPCRI, Mohitnagar, we visited farmers’ field at Mohitnagar (N-26.5287, E- 88.6715) where data were recorded on pests of Black Pepper, the details of which are as follows: SL No. Name of pests and | Incidence Severity diseases Major pests 7 Leaf gall thrips 3% 2% 2 Whitefly : : 3 ae Pollu beetle 4% Tinfested leaves/plant Diseases i Phytophthora blight | 5% 2% 2 ‘Anthracnose 2% 1% 3 Quick wilt 3% 2%Survey of State Agricultural Farm, Sahidnag: Maynaguri, West Beng: ‘A record was taken on black Pepper pests from State Agricultural Farm, Sahidnagar, ‘Maynaguri, West Bengal (N-26.32, E- 88.46). The pests status was as follows: SI. No. Name of pests and | Incidence Severity Ses Major pests He | 1 Leaf gall thrips 3% 1% 2 Whitefl = S 3 Pollu beetle 3% T infested 7 Jeaves/plant Diseases 1 Phytophthora blight | 4% 2% 2 ‘Anthracnose 2% 1% 3 Quick wilt 2% é Survey of Farmers Field, Malbazar, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal A survey was conducted at Farmers field (N — 26.86, E ~ 8.74)) of Malbazar block of Jalpaiguri District of West Bengal. The status on insect pests and diseases of Black Pepper ‘was as follows: SLNo. ‘Name of pests and | Incidence Severity diseases Major pests = 1 _| Leaf gall thrips we il 2 Whitefly - : 3 Pollu beetle 3% i infested leaves/plant Diseases 1 Phytophthora blight | 4% 2% 2 ‘Anthracnose 2% 1% i Quick 2% 1%Pests observe during survey on Black pepper Pollu beetle Pollu beetle Pollu beetlePests observe during survey on Black pepper Pollu beetle infested berry Leaf affected by Pollu beetle Green leaf Hopper on Black pepper leat Black pepper berry infested by Mealy bug. Black pepper shoot infested by borer pestNematode and diseases observe during survey on Black pepper Phytophthora leaf blight Black pepper wilt 10