3. Atons, Elements_oad Compound? ZL AtonicStructuw oud the Periodic Table Atems consst of protor, newton aad electrons r 3 [eakorwe moo» Choi g & ( 0! x +1 neation Hs election Vis 90. al Proton number /odomic auater: nymber of profond in aa atom nucleon number: Aye ber of protons and nealions 1% an atom Ce lative atomic mas The periodic table 9 ordered by proton number “clay ile ge ath simi rencon Iyetio “row are called penads iC a ae keaneTe Tokopes ave atoms of the some elment with a differen) nya ba of neation) Cosme geton unter ea HLT ' folency election) he ele ee Shell they dita ne ef chive radio wologe) = pucl@ud ts unstable [6~- 6” L& J so jk decays to give of i User of radiojoto ges : ie + Cancer Heatment (cobalt-40\ — radiation destiow cancerous cel/: | + Detecting leaks = oddles_te_sil or gas n peeing a ~ codvation can be detected with GN-fbe © element feacts 32 Bonding the Structure of MaHer able gases Céiop 0) hore a Eull valence shell = wareac hve : ree meee eae Se The stcture of mater | | I the ditorenoesbatwoenslements, | al cmpeunds,andtetwan metals and — oy, such as brass, esa ire of 3 note ements= 0620. a) {Blemenk: ~coniains only one type of atom “Compound: - nore Han one type o€ atom cheniclly bordel ++ eom forded in saute who i + consol be sepwafed by physical mean » Mixture: = con contein any ruler of uubitan ce? in ay cat o + ob joined by chatual bonds Metals aad nof-neta Metals Non=metal “readily conduct dectricty % heat | do rok conduct eleticily ond Keak mostly malleable ond ductile | + usually biffle + normally shiny « Leek hull when sold sted to hae ih density + low density + higher m.p and b.p + low melting points + For _pouifve js + forw nepative jong [+ usually form fai onideo suyually form acitic asides Alloys Xe mixtures of niehab with other elonen ts 32) tons and onic Bonds ‘+ Desc the formation of one Bonds tate ‘lements rom Groups andi lons ace formed by electron tramfec a electron Lo > pesifive ion ~ election gain = negative wn. lonic bonds only fom betwen a me tal ood a non-metal, whoreIte metal love check ions Clecomitg pesitive) and the non-mela) gains [elections (becoming negative ante bondlig Kleen fine T ond Group Ur Sodiya loses cles “chlorine gait elec ron sodingh ote chlorine atom eral Se beth have, éull onfer shell ___ aie tot 6 ieee attraction, He two io aye alltacted fy 2och 0 i office shuctwe a Many ion> group together, forming a gtont ionic lattice wilh a fegular ax(amyement of alternaia: We od fons. 226) Melecutes ovalent Bondy Tc sre cts aa coir bos | a | sateen | ee sh th fest of sins evan bonds in 1,0. CH and Clas he sharingot pare of | morecompiex content lacus such | ons iadng tthe ote gconignaton | a8, CH, CHOHand CO, Desert he ltenes in volt, sly and | Decal conductty Between io andeoslont Gvolen at fad on €ocned when ¢ oslo hore elec fons, sl iene loo eer fat OA be fama elves atom of digeren non-mea h. he bonded atom form Simple molecular compousd> howe weak Soar bonds, strong. intiq-molecule covalent bonals= 0620 ee ea Formation of yngle covalent bond» & ®& i & ae aa — Sharing election lead, to noble ga con Figuartior two single covalent bond 450 ove complex cevalent molecule ON XL hela Or =doutle bos Re agg ta i A-C~0-H i 4 loNIC MOLECULAR sHigh mp © bp stron ottrachon | +low mp Pbp weak aHlacton roe Not volatile “pe plod : induct electricity = no “charged facticles 2 + yosoluble in wa ter + conduct electscity when liquid = ptsaie of chasged’ pos ticles + soluble in waler le hove o ein ah320 Mocromoleanles _ tote tthe ‘Supplement [ + Desc the gat covalent tices of graphite and | » Deserbe tha maciomoleuarstuctra of scout oteraonnessa [+ Oascrive te simi Gran Ree a I a a a - «Each ctcan exon Tndal with twee other ee amas f 2 election thin lays ove ae Venk a ween Layers x aor a lubricant = los isicont go com slide Fee eee mee Vo Ye: deloca ned elecot a oe ee a : ot boo Sea rans ISS tiene Vesela can angus [covalent lo thee “All bord ase identical, qo weap bond> [Used in cutting fob ~ hardest nalwal C_ Vaed in juellty shiny and Hotalacent Silicon UN) endo Cheat hailey Sill strc Bd sttudwe fe diamond, Jetibedal in atepe Z ach silken atom covaleily bordel eet onygen ened with two ail con) milo proper tien to diowon shige melfing pont ond very hayd ieee alectreity ond maluble ia ial aes ae 8 Soathgogs ty line fwenaces i S|3200) Melallic Bonding ae 28 Meco . 3 suotonent —_— = burl mttaer In metallic bonding, the valence aed Song ale meh onl 6 ee in iiec arate aval oir Wee "@:O- 0+ Eee 2 cel peas Palins Want edelalic alfroclion "OO: between paritive ions « oc tran 3 C Sera is 1g_mela}_ properties sa ieey ie — Ths bmp and be ~ strong Cleckostitic aHiction fleccloe story bond) Electrical cond elecalinedl elechions carly charge thiough nefal_ . Thereal “conduckor, ~deleca lied el J casty theertal eneny acy eh mela)