Hoy mi teacher me

hizo algo que me

dejó embarrased...

COGNATES AND FALSE COGNATES

COGNATES- LENGUAJE TRANSFER/WORD
BORROWING
Cognates are words which are similar in
English and Spanish. Their similarity can be in
their written form or their pronunciation.
Recognizing these words in a text make things
easier for the reader. Cognates can be names,
dates, and information.
 Cognates are words that share:
 Similar meaning

 Similar Spelling

 English and Spanish share about 30 to 40% of

the words.
 Cognates are a bridge to learn Spanish!
 ENGLISH SPANISH

INTUITIVE INTUITIVO

NEUROSIS NEUROSIS

PSYCHOLOGY PSICOLOGIA
PERFECT COGNATES
 Artificial
 Popular

 Chocolate

 Tropical

 Usual

 Animal

 Cereal

 Banana

 Soda

 Hotel
HOW MANY COGNATES DO YOU KNOW IN
ENGLISH/ SPANISH? BRAINSTORM!
2. Complete the following box.

 Computer
 Television
 Bank







 Spanish words that end in -a, -o or -e very often
have an equivalent in English. Simply drop or
change the last vowel.
 Aire
causa
costo
creativo
credito
dieta
 There are many Spanish cognates that end in -
cion. The equivalent English word ends in -tion.
Note that all of these words have the stress on
the final syllable. Also, all of these words are
feminine in gender.
 Abreviación
acción
aclamación
administración
admiración
afirmación
 Words that in in -dad are quite common in
Spanish. They usually correspond to an English
word that ends in -ty. All of these words are
feminine in gender.
 autoridad (authority)
comunidad
dificultad
necesidad
prosperidad
publicidad
universidad
 English words that end in -ic usually have a
Spanish cognate that simply add an -o.
 Atlántico
automático
democrático
didáctico
patriótico
romántico
sarcástico
 Like the previous category, English words that
end in -ical have a Spanish cognate that ends
in -ico.
 clásico
cómico
eléctrico
físico
 English words that end in -ent often have a
cognate in Spanish that ends in -ente. These
words are usually adjectives.
 agente
cliente
diferente
equivalente
indiferente
inteligente
patente
 Be careful with Spanish words that end in-
mente (as opposed to just -ente). They usually
have an English cognate that ends in -ly. These
are adverbs.
 afortunadamente (fortunately)
correctamente
desafortunadamente (unfortunately)
especialmente
exactamente
finalmente
 Words that end in -ment in English have
equivalents in Spanish that simply add an -o.
These words are nouns.
 argumento
monumento
sacramento
suplemento
 Words that end in -al in both English and
Spanish are often cognates.
 animal
anual
capital
central
comercial
especial
general
intelectual
 English words that end in -ence or -ance often
have a Spanish cognate that ends in -encia or -
ancia.
 Abundancia
circunstancia
conciencia
diferencia
distancia
experiencia
 -ant (or sometimes -ent)words in English
sometimes end in -ante in Spanish.
 abundante
constante
elegante
estudiante
importante
restaurante
 Some English words that end in -ous have a
Spanish cognate that ends in -oso.
 ambicioso
curioso
delicioso
famoso
glorioso
gracioso
 English words with the ending -y sometimes
have an equivalent in Spanish with the ending -
ia or -io.
 Aristocracia
democracia
familia
historia
misterio
remedio
 English words that end in -or often have a
Spanish cognate that is identical.
 Actor
color
director
doctor
 English words that end in -ist often have a
Spanish cognate.
 artista
florista
pianista
turista
recepcionista
FALSE COGNATES

 False cognates are words whose written form

or pronunciation is similar in English and
Spanish, but can be different in meaning.
1. FALSE COGNATES VERSUS TRUE COGNATES
 Embarazado
 Mapa 
 Carpeta
 Chocolate
 Horno
 Pan
 idea
 Desierto
 Religión
 Teléfono
 Dinero
1. FALSE COGNATES VERSUS TRUE COGNATES
 Embarazado
 Mapa☻
 Carpeta
 Persona ☻
 Horno
 Pan
 Idea ☻
 Desierto
 Religión ☻
teléfono ☻
 Dinero
ANSWERS

 Embarazado  Embarrased
CARPET
HORNO
PAN
Desierto
DINERO
 3. Read the following text and underline /copy the
cognates or transparent words.
 4. Using your ideas, give a title to the text.
 Hola!
Yo me llamo Susana y yo vivo en Madrid España. Yo tengo
12 años y tengo dos mascotas; una tortuga y perico.
Cuando voy al colegio, le digo adiós a mi mama, y pongo
mis notas, colores y otros útiles escolares en la mochila.
En el colegio tengo muchos amigos y amigas. Mis
amigos son curiosos, inteligentes y activos.
A mis amigos y a mí nos gusta jugar basquetbol y futbol.
También nos gusta comer hamburguesas, y tomar jugo
de melón.
Eso es todo por ahora, un abrazo!
Susana.
WARM UP : REVIEW YOUR ANSWERS FROM THE
COGNATES HO.
1. Admiration 1. University
2. Education 2. Generosity
3. Production 3. Necessity
4. Attention 4. Opportunity
5. Nation 5. Capacity
6. Emotion 6. Curiosity
7. Imagination 7. Dignity
8. Situation 8. Eternity
9. Civilization 9. Variety
10. Aviation 10. Authority
1. Glory 11. Mysterious
2. Geography 12. Nervous
3. Matrimony 13. Curious
4. Ceremony 14. Religious
5. Family 15. Mountainous
6. Industry 16. Generous
7. Necessary 17. Furious
8. Remedy 18. Glorious
9. Memory 19. Marvelous
10. Courtesy 20. Suspicious