1 (a) Write an expression for K.,. (b) Use your expression to help you calculate the pH of 0200mol dm NaOH(eq). (c) The pH of 0.200mo! dm? NH,(aq) is 11.3. Explain why this answer difers trom your answer in (b), eicnonsincimessionnonsconllll (d) A 20.0cm sample of 0.200 mol dm-* NH(aq) was titrated with 0.100mol dm> HCL On the following axes, sketch how the pH changes during this tiation. Mark clearly where the end point occurs. 14 pH 7 o. Cr er a ee a a) ‘volume of added acid /em? Bl(©) From the following lst of indicators, put a tick in the box by the sido of the indicator you ‘consider most suitable for this titration, vac PR PR ame} methyl orange: 31-44 bromothymol biue 60-76 phenolphthalein 83-100 i] (A solution containing NH,(aq) and NH,Cl(aq) acts as a butter solution, resisting ‘changes in pH when acids or alkalis are added, Explain with the help of equations how this mixture acts as a butfer 10 When vanadium(I1) compounds are dissolved in water, the following equilibrium is established. V+ HO = V+ 3H, + OH ‘What would alter the composition of the equilibrium mixture in favour of the V>" ions? ‘A adding an acid B adding a reagent that selectvely precipitates V" ions © allowing the hydrogen to escape as it forms D__ making the solution more alkaline Question 7 Water and chlorine, exch at 1 atm pressure, are placed in a closed container at 375 K. The following reaction occurs. 2H,0(g) + 2CL(g) > 4HCKg) + Og), K=5~ 104 375K Which one of the following will be correct at equilibrium at this temperature? A. 2{0,] > (CL) B. 2{CI,] > [HCI] ©. 2INCH] = {C1} D. [0,] = 4{HCI]Question 8 Given the equilibrium, Ada) + AClg) > 2ACYe), _K= 48 It follows that, forthe reaction, Axe) + 2C. K, AC) X would be 11. Inan industrial process, two gases X and Y react together to form a single gaseous product Z X(9) + Yig) = Z(9) ‘The percentage yield of product Z varies according to the pressure and the temperature as ‘shown in the graphs. ‘100 373K 90. 4AT3K 80 573K 70 ©. 673K equilibrum % 0f2 40 LG 0: 20 10 0. 25 100 200 300 400 pressure / atm ‘Which statement about this equilibrium reaction is correct? ‘A Decreasing the temperature dacreases the value of the equilrium constant. B Decreasing the temperature increases the rate ofthis reaction, ‘C Increasing the pressure increases the value of the equilibrium constant. 1D. The reaction is exothermic in the forward direction.42 Four reactions of the type shown are studied at the same temperature. X(9) + ¥(a)-» Z(9) Which is the comact reaction pathway diagram for the reaction that would proceed most rapidly ‘and with good yield? A 8 energy energy Feactant product reactant product 34 The stoichiometry of a catalysed reaction is shown by the equation below. P(g) + Q(g) == Rig) + Sig) ‘Two experiments were carried out in which the production of R was measured against time, The results are shown in the diagram below. experiment 1 amount of R experiment 2 0 0 time ‘Which changes in the conditions from experiment 1 to experiment 2 might explain the results shown? 1 Less of Pwas used 2 Adifferent catalyst was used. 3. Product S was continuously removed from the reaction vessel.Queston 4 Ammonia i prepared dustry som hydrogen ac satroge i the prescce of utable catalyst acconsing the cquaton Nye) ~ 3H{s) 2 NL) The graph below showsthe variation ofthe equilibrium yell of ammosia with peesure different tempersures LT fob 100 0 Lt = HAT = ‘otros i amosthere 4A particular induarial plant uses « presure of 300 stm and a temperature of SOO-C. Prom the graph determine te percentage yet of ammonia under these conditions. Sate Le Chtelic’s principe‘&.Desuce fom the rapt whether the production of ammonia frm hyrogce and nitrogen isan exothermic orancadoserme reaction. Explain yosr easing marks ‘dL Temperatures lesthas 40°C ar not use fortis industrial reaction ven though such temperatures give 2 greser equilibrium yield of ammonia Give a posable reasoe why this i 50 mm Total 6 marks Use the following information to answer Questions 27 and 28 a —> KNO, salt bridge silver electrode LOM Zx(NO,), 0.10 Magno, Question 27 ‘Which one ofthe following statements about the cell above is true as the cell discharges? A. Thesilver electrode isthe anode B. The concentration of Zn** ions will increase C. The maximum voltage delivered by this cell will be 1.56 V. D. Electrons in the extemal circuit will flow from the silver electrode tothe zine electrode. Question 28 What should be observed atthe zine electrode asthe cell discharges? A. No change will be observed at this electrode, B, Theelectrode will become thinner and pitted C._ Crystals will form over the surface of the electrode. D. Bubbles of gas wll form over the surface of the electrode.‘Question 9 (8 marks) “Magnesium is one ofthe most abundant elements on Earth It is used extensively in the production of ‘magnesium-aluminium alloys. It produced by the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride. A schematic diagram of the electrolytic cell is shown below. eruphiteanode esse Pt ‘molten magnesium chloride (with some NaCl and CaCl) ‘molten magnesium 1 iron cathode chlorine gas, The design of this cell kes into account the following properties of both magnesium metal and magnesium chloride + Molten magnesium reacts vigorously with oxygen ‘Atthe temperature of molten magnesium chloride, magnesium isa liquid. Molten magnesium has a lower dersity than molten magnesium chloride and forms a separate layer on the surface. Write a halanced half-equation forthe reaction occurring at each of 2 marke + the cathode + the anode,Explain why an iner gasis consianily blown through the cathode compartment Tinaek ‘The melting point of a compound can ofien be lowered by the addition of small amounts of other compounds. In an industrial process, this will save energy. In this cel, NaCland CaCl are used to lower the melting pomt of MCI, Why can NaC! and CaCl, be used to lower the melting point of MgCl, but ZnCl, cannotbe used? 2 marks ‘What difference would it make to the half-cell reactions ifthe graphite anode were replaced with an luom anode? Write the half-equation for any different half-ell reaction. Justify your answer 3 marks