CHAPTER2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

I. Related Literature

SOCIO-ECONOMICSTATUS

AsstatedbyKapinga(2014),theaimoftheirstudywastoassesstheimpactofparental

socioeconomicstatus(SES)onthestudents’academicachievementinsecondaryschools.

Tworesearchobjectivesguidedthestudy.Theyare:Howdoparents’occupation,income,

levelofeducation and home environmentaffectstudents’academicachievementin

secondaryschools?Towhatextentdoesparentalinvolvementineducationoftheirchildren

enhanceacademicachievement?Thestudyemployedaqualitativeapproachinformedby

casestudyresearchdesign.A purposivesamplingtechniquewasusedto obtain60

informantsdrawnfrom amongstparents,teachersandstudents.Thedatawerecollected

throughsemi-structuredinterviewsandfocusedgroupdiscussions.Datawereanalyzed

qualitativelyusingthematicanalysis.Thestudyfoundthatmajorityofthestudentsfromth

selectedsecondaryschoolsisfrom lowSES.Thestudyestablishedthatthereisaclose

relationshipbetweenSESandacademicachievement.

AccordingtoR.Chandra(2013),socioeconomicstatusalwaysinfluencestheacademic

achievementofthestudents.Theacademicachievementofthestudentsvariesfrom

differentsocialbackgrounds.Theiracademicperformanceisanoutcomeoftheirsocial
status.ThisstudyexaminestheinfluenceofdifferentcategoriesofSESofstudentsontheir

academicachievement.Theagerangevariesfrom13-17yearsold.Thesampleofthestudy

comprisedof614studentsfrom classesIXandX.SocioeconomicscaledevelopedbyDr.

Meenakshi(2004)wasusedtocollectdata.TheboardresultsofclassIXandXareusedfor

academicachievement.Statisticalmeasuresliket-testandPearson’sRwereused.The

studyrevealsthedifferencebetweenhigh,averageandlowSESgroupsandtheiracademic

achievement.ApositivecorrelationwasfoundoutbetweenSESandacademicachievemen

t.

ThestudyconductedbyY.Ford(2013)focusedonhighachievingminoritystudentsin3

adtohighacademicachievementof
culturally-diversestudentsfrom

bothhighandlowsocioeconomicgroups.The2012CRCT

ofmiddleschoolstudentsandinterviewrecordswith4students,4parentsand4teachers

areusedasdata.Thequantitativedatarevealedthatnosignificantrelationshipexisted

betweenculturallydiversestudents’socioeconomicstatusandtheiracademicachievemen

t.

AsstatedbyM.Dumaran(2015),itwasfoundoutthatpovertysignificantlyaffectsthe

resourcesavailabletostudents.Duetothislackofresources,manystudentsstruggleto

reachthesameacademicachievementlevelsofstudentsnotlivinginpoverty.Thefactors

affecting studentachievementinclude income,source ofincome,and the mother’s

educationleve5

II. Related Study

III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This shows the link age between the different variables to be used in the study. It shows

That Parents’ monthly income, occupation, and level of education are the independent

variables and are related to the dependent variable which is academic performance of

students.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Academic performance – it refer to the general average grade of the student during the

first quarter of first semester of the School Year 2018-2019.

Level of education- refers to the educational attainment of the students’ parents.

Monthly Income- is the students ’parents’ salary on a monthly basis.

Occupation - the usual or principal work or business of the parents of the students as

their source of income.

Economics status- refers to the combined measure of the students ’parents level of

education, occupation, and monthly income.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The hypotheses which will be tested in this study are stated in the null form. They are.

The following:

There is no significant relationship between the father’s level of education and student’s

academic performance.

2. There is no significant relationship between them other’s level of education and

student’s academic performance.

3. There is no significant relationship between the father’s occupation and student’s

academic performance.

4. There is no significant relationship between them other’s occupation and student’s

academic performance.

5. There is no significant relationship between the father’s monthly income and student’s

academic performance.

6. There is no significant relationship between the mother’s monthly income and student’s

academic performance.

SYNTHESIS OF THE STUDY

Based on the past studies, It was found that there is a close relationship between

economic status and academic achievement. economic status always influences

The academic achievement of the students. The academic achievement of the students

varies from different social backgrounds. Therefore, past studies show relevance to the

present study, the researchers are conducting which focuses on economic factors

Such as parents 'level of education, occupation and income. In addition, the academic

Performance will also be considered in terms of their average during the 1st quarter of the

1stsemesteras the researchers study aims to know the relationship between the

Economic status and academic performance of the Grade 12 HUMSS strand students

of Cauayan City National High School.