ERT glebal ot amelie er- | Adrian Tennant | | | | | _workbook NATAL <5 canner with Audio CDContents Alive & Well Right & Wrong land & Sea 54 Magic & Mystery Parents & Children Power & Money Rhyme & Reason Dreams & Reality Rise & Fall 210 Tears & Laughter Audioscript Answer Key 16 23 30 38 46 54 él 69 76 81Choose the correct option to complete the sentences Circle the correct answer. 1 Where are / do / have you living now? 2 Are/ Do / Have you ever lived anywhere else? Are/ Do / Have you like where you live? Are / Was! Were you born in the place you live now? When did / bave / were you move there? How long are /do / have you lived there? Where are /does/ bas your family live? Does / Have / Were they always lived there? Are/ Do / Have you ever dream about living somewhere else? Grammar 2A Present tenses Choose the correct option to complete the text. Cele the correct answer. (1) Are you ever wondering / Have you ever wondered where ‘you (2) come / are coming from? 1(3) am not meaning / don’t ‘mean who your mother and father are, but more about your origins and your family history. These days (4) it / it bas been relatively easy to research your family history using one of the many genealogy websites on the internet, ‘These internet companies (5) hice got / are getting more and more records every day from all sorts of places like hospitals, government departments and schools. Then these companies (6) are putting / bave put all of these details conto one site. Al you have to do is enter a name and any other information you (7) are having / have such as a date of birth and within minutes you (8) get / hace got lots more information that (9) belps / is belping with your search. Over the last few years people (10) are discovering / have discovered all sorts of things; family secrets, long lost relatives and much more. Grammar 2B Present tenses Are these sentences correct (¥) or incorrect (x)? Circle the correct answer. 1 Tlived here since I was litle vx 2 Every other day David is travelling to Dublin. VX 3 Rashid’s already moved three times. vx 4 Yvonne's currently trying to find out more about, her family history. vx ‘My family are living here for generations. vx 6 Tom regularly visiting his grandparents in Vieginia. vx 7 Kim hasn't found out much about her family yet. 7 8 Sam sees his twin brother at least once a week. WX x Grammar 2C Present tenses Choose the correct time expression to complete the text about a family reunion. Circle the correct answer. (1) Every year / Since I oas very litle we have a family reunion at Thanksgiving. We usually go to my grandma's, bbut 2) already / at the moment she's visiting her daughter in England so we're spending Thanksgiving at my cousin’. G) For years / These days we've exchanged small gifts and this year won't be any different. However, my sister won't be with us either, as she’ (4) currently / regularly studying to be a nurse and she is taking her exams next week. My cousin has just had a baby, but T haven't met hin (5) right now /yet, 8 Pm really looking forward to thae. My family is pretty close. I talk to my parents at least (6) once a week / these days, but this is one of the few times we actually get to see each other. We've been getting together like this ©) right now / since Iteas a cild and I wouldn't miss it for the world, Grammar 3A Future tenses Write the correct option to complete each sentence 1 Toyota anew factory in the UK next year. a are opening» willopening — open 2 —__later, but I'm still not sure, = Igo out b Iprobably go out ¢ I'll probably go out in 2014. © will being 3 The next election a ist isbeing 4 Inflation is certainly in the next 12 ‘months or so. = increasing willincrease ¢ going to increase 5 Thope you're almost ready. We —______in about ten minutes. a leave areleaving will leave 6 There's no doubt it harder than before. a ‘being 6 Sgoingtobe will vas G)| Alive & Well 7 Flight EK147 a takes off 8 OK, a Teell at 19:45. » istakingoff © will taking off you if you insist » Fmgoingto tell ¢ Tiltell Grammar 3B Future tenses ‘Complete the conversations with the correct form of the verb in brackets a: What (1) (ow dé) tonight? 3: I'm not sure, Have you got any suggestions? s Why don't we go out and watch a film? % Sounds good. Whats on? ‘: Hin, Well there's the new DiCaprio film B: like his films. A: OK, it (2) (tart) at eight o'clock. What 3) (jou mea) a think 1 (4) (wear) my new shirt. B OK.1(5) (Give) Wendy a call and see if she wants to come. 1: Hi Wendy, 1 (6) (@) with Fred to watch the new DiCaprio film. Do you want to come? G Sure, What time (7) (yo eae)? 1 Th about an hour. & Great. (8) I the cinema Bs See you there. Vocabulary 1A Predicative adjectives Look at the definitions. Are they true (7) or false (F)? Gircle the correct answer. (meet) you outside 1 When you are glad about something you are not happy. 2 When you are alone there are no other people TIF with you. T/F 3. Ifyou are awake then you are sleeping. TIF 4+ If two things are alike they are different from each other. TIF 5 When you are aware of something you know about it. TIF 6 Ifyou are afraid then you are frightened TIF @ wns Vocabulary 1B Predicative adjectives ‘Complete the sentences with the words in the box. ‘There are three extra words you do not need. afraid alike alive alone asleep awake aware glad ill 1 Tfeel T think it was something T ate, 2 Are your grandparents still _# 3. Tomand Tim are so ith almost impossible to know which one is which. 4 He was so tired he fell immediately, almost 5 Itsnotreally safe to go out late atnight. 6 She was sleeping earlier, but she should be by now. Vocabulary 2A Time phrases: soon “Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 Tdon’t think ie will happen in 2 Welll ind out the results any 2 Don’t worry! The nest opportunity will be just 46 sure to happen before 5. They'll develop a source of cheap energy in 6 There’ absolutely no chance. I simply 7 Tagree. As far as Tean see any cure is light 8 Even if they find a cure any benefits are probably a long. 2 years away. » day now. [can hardly wait. long. Just be patient 4 my lifetime, but you never know. ¢ thenear future. Then everything will be fine. & way off wishful thinking. around the comer.Alive & Well Vocabulary 2B Time phrases: soon Read the sentences. Is the speaker optimistic (0) or pessimistic (P)? Circle the correct answer. 1 I don’t chink it will happen in my lifetime, ore 2, We'll find out the results any day now. Tean hardly wat. ore 2 There's absolutely no chance. Ir’ simply wishful thinking 4 Lagree, As far as I can see any cure is light years away. 5 Don’t worry! The next opportunity will be just oOrP O/P around the corner. O/P 6 Byen if they find a cure any benefits are probably a long way off. 7 Tes sure to happen before long. 8 They'll develop a source of cheap energy in the near future, Then everything will be fine. ose o/P ore Vocabulary 3 The suffix -able ‘Write a word ending in -able in each gap to complete the text about preventing diseases. Around the world many children become ill and die every year. Although some of the diseases they die from are (1)i___ almost all of them could be prevented. Clean (2) d____water is the first step to eradicating many of these common diseases However, any supply needs to be (3) r____ so that people know it will be there when they need it Fortunately, there are now many (4) r______ organisations such as UNESCO, Oxfam and Médecins Sans Frontitres working to help provide such things energy t0 communities round the world who stil live in situations that most of us would find (6) as clean water and (5) r Extend your vocabulary Metaphors for illness Complete the text about falling il with the words inthe box. ‘attacks defences fight lose the battle vic sects Tn winter elderly people are more likely to fall a to illnesses like common colds and fu. These can then be quite serious as old people’ natural @- are not as strong 2s those of younger people. Although their bodies try to (3) illness they often (4) So, rather than tying to cure old people itis better to try and prevent such (5) Listening Family past © 1.01 Listen to the conversation and decide if the sentences are true (7) or false (F). Circle the correct answer. 1 Both of the woman's parents came from New Zealand. TIF 2 Her grandparents played music as a hobby. TIF 3. ‘The family left New Zealand to find work. TIF 4 Her mother mentions New Zealand quite often. T/F 5 Suzanne still has close family ties with New Zealand. TIF 6 She’ worried that things will be different in New Zealand now. TIE Pronunciation Emphasising 2 1.02 You are going to hear two sentences. Listen and underline the word you think the speaker has stressed in the second sentence which contrasts with something the firse speaker said, 1 e You can't speak English. Tan speak English. He lives with his girlfriend. He doesn't live with his girlfriend. ‘They're not from Italy. ‘They are from Italy. You didn’t phone me last night. Tid phone you last night. ‘They were here earlier. ‘They weren't here earlier. She's been to London, She's never been to Lond. PRRPP PPE PER PAlive & Well Reading First impressions 1 Put these items into order of importance when you ‘meet someone for the first time. 1 = most important, 5 = least important choice of clothes physical appearance hhandshake eye contact tone of voice 2 Read the article and answer these questions. 1 According to the article, what gives the best impression ata job interview? 2 What has new research in the British Medical Journal shown? 3. What other things did the researchers look at? 3. Write the verbs in the correct form. In the few seconds it takes (1) someone’ hand, we often (2) (shake) (know) whether or not we (3) (relate) to the other person. Apart from (4) (inerease) our chances of 6 (et) a job, mew research, 6 (publish in the British Medical Journal (7) —____ (cuggest) that people with a firm handshake (8) ive) longer. The researchers also (9) (look) at how quickly they (10) (wal) and how well they ay (an balance) on one leg, all potential signs of how long a person (12) ive). 4 Read the article to check your answers to exercise 3. 5 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 In your experience, what can a handshake tell you about a person? 2 How do people normally greet other people informally in your country? 3 Why do you think a firm handshake and grip can indicate how long a person will Live? © vw notes First impressions Do you have a firm handshake? Shaking someone’ hand is often the first contact we have with a person and can often be the only physical contact we ever have with him or her. Although it happens very quickly and we probably don't think too much about it, a person's handshake is the first non-verbal clue we have to someone's personality. In the few seconds it takes to shake someone’ hand, we often know whether or not wwe are going to relate to the other person, | ‘There have been several studies into how our handshake can influence our chances of success in life. Research by the University of Iowa in the US discovered that people applying for a job have a much better chance of suecess with a firm handshake. In fact, the handshake was found to be more important than the person's physical appearance or their choice of clothes. So what is the hest way to shake someone’s hand? According to most experts, it$-a combination of a firm grip, confident eye contaet and a strong up-and-down movement. Apart from increasing our chances of getting a job, new research published in the British ‘Medical Journal suggests that people with a firm handshake will live longer. The research, which was based on different studies from around the world, shows that people with a stronger handgrip will live substantially longer than people with a weaker grip. ‘The studies followed more than 50,000 men and ‘women for up to 43 years. Apart from looking at the strength of their grip, the researchers also looked at how quickly they walked and how well they could balance on one leg, all potential signs of how long a person will ive. A handshake may only last seconds, but it can tell us a lot about the other person’ character and maybe even how long the person will lve. Glossary fim (adjective = strong ‘Hp (o0un) ~a fir song bold Ihandshake (nour) ~ the act of hk someone's hand, or ‘ample asa greeting ‘non-verbal facjctv~ not Ioling werss or speech Potential adectve)— possible or hay ithe tueAlive & Well Writing 3 in which paragraphs doe Miranda mention the A letter to keep in touch Se eee meas + News about the children x > Her future 1 Imagine you receive a letter or email from friend who you haven't been in touch with for a long time, Think of three things you'd expect to find in the message. «Immediate plans 4. Her reasons for writing 4 How would you summarise her letter in one sentence? 2 Read the letter to check if your answers to exercise 1 are included. Writing skills: changing topics 5. Find the words and expressions that Miranda uses for these things. Dear Dominic, 1 Iwas thinking of you the other day, and decided to 2 drop youa line to say hello and keep in couch. 3 We're currently getting ready to travel to France. 5 When I say ‘we’, this year it’ just me and Mike. Felix has been too cool to take a vacation with us for several years, and is now preparing to go to ‘university in Montreal - he is looking forward to moving back toa big city after eight years of living in Ottawa. to start the letter to summarise what she’ just been saying to change the subject to conclude the letter 6 What do all the words and expressions in exercise § have in common? Preparing to write 7 Read the Writing task below. Think about the information you'd like to include and the best order in which to present it. Include some informal words and phrases. Writing Write to an old friend, relative or colleague who you haven't seen for a long time. Let them know what you're doing now and what has happened in your life since you ‘There isn’t much other family news to report. Catie (now 17) has been working as a camp counsellor all this summer, and has been gone since late June. She's working at the camp that she attended in previous years as a camper herself, and loves it. We ‘saw her last weekend and noted that she had just had | her nose pierced .. So, the kids are growing up and moving on, and wwe will have to start thinking about how we spend the next phase of our lives, once they are no longer living at home. I'm still working with the federal | government and Mike's business is doing well ‘On another note, I have met someone here in ‘Oteawa who is interested in finding work as a photographer in Europe. P've seen some of her work. and it’ excellent. Do you have any connections? Anyway, we're keeping busy, staying well and looking forward to ageing gracefully (I turned 50 this year, butam in total denial)! Hope you are too. Best, ‘Miranda were last in touch, ‘+ It's been a long time since we were in touch *|hope you're well. ‘As you might have heard .. * By the way * You must write and tell me your news. ‘* We must try to keep in touch. wn ®Grammar 1A Questions review 1 Write the correct question word to complete each question, 1 percentage of the body is made up of water? many bones are there in a human body? 3 —_wrote On the Origin of Species? is bigger: the Indian elephant or the African elephant? cars are bigger? 5 6 do penguins live? 7 long do elephants usually live? 5 far cana flea jump? 2 Can you answer the questions? Grammar 1B Questions review ‘Write questions about the giant tortoise so they match the answers. igo ci lone ab aoe em th sat Iss scientific name is Geochelone elephantopus. ? Iclives on the Galapagos Islands and on some islands in the Indian Ocean. > Telives between 100 and 150 years Treats grasses, leaves and shrubs. er ‘The first one was discovered in 1535, A giant tortoise can weigh up to 300 kg. Grammar 2A The definite article Are these sentences correct (V) or incorrect (X). Circle the correct answer. 1 My wife comes from Perth, inthe Australia, = WX 2 Tlove autumn when the colours are amazing, WX. 3 How long have you played the guitar? vx + Pam wasa ceenager in 1990s, vx 5 Madagascar is an island in Indian Ocean. vx 6 The Moon is more than 350,000 kilometres from the Earth, vx 7 What time do you have the breakfast? vx 4 Microwave oven was invented in 1945 by Perey Spencer. vx 9. The British dink alot of tea vx 10. Tes important not to give up hope. vx Grammar 2B The definite article Choose the definite article or no article to complete the sentences, Circle the correct answer. 1. -/The Simpson Desert in Australia has some of the largest sand dunes in the world. 2 [don't like - /the winter. Ie always s0 cold. 3 One of the most useful inventions of the 19th century. was - / the electric light bulb 4 Inthe USA - /2be fourth of July is a national holiday. 5 Most health experts say that - / the breakfast is the most important meal of the day. 6 What’ the capital city of - /the Canada? 7 When Rebecca was young she could play - / she violin. 8 Dopamine and Norepinephrine are the two chemicals, in our body that cause - /the love.Right & Wrong Grammar 3 Narrative tenses ‘Choose the correct option to complete the story. Circle the correct answer. ‘Amber (1) settled down / was just settling down when she (2) heard / was hearing a knock on the door. She (3) got / was getting out of bed and (4) had put on / put on her dressing gown. Then she (6) walked / was walking down the stairs and (©) opened / had opened the door. There was nobody there! The night was dark. The moon (7) hadhn’t shone / wasn't shining and the only | light in the street (8) was / had been broken for more than a week. Amber heard a noise. She realised it was the sound of cats who (@) fought / were fighting outside in the garden, but apart from that it was silent. Amber (10) stepped / was stepping out and (11) moved / was moving a few steps forward. She (12) took / had taken another look around, but stil couldn't see anything. She (13) was leaving / had left her mobile on the table next to the bed so she couldn't even use the light from that. Suddenly the door (14) slammed / was slamming behind her. Amber (15) jumped / was jumping and Vocabulary 1A Certainty and truth ‘Complete the text about Charles Darwin with the words in the bor. flew in the face recanted heresy infamous muttering Galileo wasn’t the only scientist to have problems with the church. In his day, the ideas of Charles Darwin were seen as(1) (2) ______of many ofthe teachings and beliefs ofthe church and there was much (3) ____in the scientific community as well. There were certainly a number of (4) meetings at the Geological Society in London, and at a number of colleges at Oxford University. Iris also believed that on his deathbed Darwin Darwin’ ideas about evolution (5) ____his views, but there certainly isn't any evidence to support this claim. Vocabulary 1B Certainty and truth White a word in each gap to complete what the people say. The first letter is given for you. 1 Galileo was d____ one of the greatest minds of his time. 2 Some people are still not c__by the Big Bang theory. 3 Darwin's ideas about evolution were w. some of the most controversial of his time + Tm justnoes how he could arrive at his conclusions from seeing animals on his voyage on the Beagle 5 There are still probably some people in the Catholic Church who h______r. about the ideas of Darwin, 6 [think the story about Newton and the apple is fafuee dee Vocabulary 1C Certainty and truth Match the two parts of the sentences. You really don't have to take There’ no denying ‘The truth of the Whatever people might say, the fact In actual There's no 2 doubt about it, the ideas on evolution and the Big Bang theory were always going to be controversial fact, some scientists have even disproved their own theories later on in life. © matter is that many people are unwilling to change their opinion whatever the evidence. 4 my word for iif you don’t want to. remains that scientists often get things wrong. £ that the story of Galileo is absolutely amazing. unt2 @)Right & Wrong Vocabulary 2A right ‘Write the expressions in the correct box to show what the ‘word right means Are you right-handed? Are you sure this is the right place? Drive straight down here and take the frst turning on the right, ‘How many did you get right? don’t think you have any right to complain. I've been here a lot longer than you Pim sorry. Pl do ic right away, Sasha's right, We have been here before. ‘We can't drive down there. There's no right of way. ‘What do you mean you cant see it? It’s right in front of you! (Correct 3. A: Mum! I can’t find my new jacket. Have you seen it? B Open your eyes! ‘&: Ohno! My dads going to kill me when he sees my test result Fe Wiiy ee eee utais 5) a: Have you finished the washing-up yet? 1B Whoops! Vocabulary 3 The prefix mis- ‘Complete the sentences with the words in the box. misheard mispronounce misunderstand — misuse misquoted misspell 1 Ididn't the word center — that’s how How many did you get right? [One side of the body Something you are (not) allowed to do or have you write it in American English. 2. ‘Play it again, Sam’ is one of the most frequently lines from a film. 3 Tknow my name is unusual, but why do people always pita Saas 4 That’ the third time this morning you've ‘me! Are you sure you aren't going deaf? 5. Some people get really upset when teenagers certain words, but they have to Exactly, immediately or completely Vocabulary 28 right Complete the conversations using the sentences below. ‘There are three extra sentences you do not need. Are you right-handed? Drive straight down here and take the frst turning on the right. How many did you get right? don’t think you have any right to complain. T've been here a ot longer than you. T'm sorry. I'l doit right away. ‘Are you sure this isthe right place? ‘We can’t drive down there. There’ no right of way. Ies right in front of you. ngs I think we're lost. 4% Don't worry! Ie just round the next comer: 2 & Excuse me! Could you tell us how to get to the station from here? & Sure, unit 2 understand that language use changes. 6 His accent is so strong it’s easy to ____ what he says. Extend your vocabulary 1A Metaphors for honesty and dishonesty Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. 1 Iean’tbelieve he would behave in such an underband / upstanding way. It certainly wasn't very nice of him. 2. She has such high /iow standards, I don't think she would ever ella lie. 3 Iwas amazing. One minute he was really popular and the next nobody wanted to speak to him. I've never seen anyone fall / stop from grace so quickly. 4 He’ been an underband / upstanding member of this community for the past 40 years. 5 She's really above / over gossip. She probably knows lots of secrets, but she'll never tell anyone 6 Lnever thought you'd fall / stop so low. How could you do that o her? 7 Thac was really dow / high down. I can't believe you'd ever behave like that.=) Right & Wrong Extend your vocabulary 1B Metaphors for honesty and dishonesty Look at each sentence. Is the person being honest (H) or dishonest (D)? Circle the correct answer. 1 Tean’t believe he would behave in such an underhand way. It certainly wasn't very nice of him. H/D 2. She has such high standards. I don’t think she would ever tell a lie. H/D 3 Tewas amazing. One minute he was really popular and the next nobody wanted to speak to him. I've never scen anyone fall from grace so quickly. H/D. 4 He been an upstanding member of this. ‘community for the past 40 years. HID 5. She’ really above gossip. She probably knows lots of secrets, but she'll never tell anyone. H/D {6 Inever thought you'd stoop so low. How could ‘you do that to her? H/D + That was really low down, I can’t believe you'd ever behave like that. HID Extend your vocabulary 2 -isms Complete the sentences with the correct kind of -im. 1 After she rescued a child from the river, Marie was praised for her h___. 2 Rupert was very angry when he lost his job at the age of 663 and he accused his employer of a 3 B___is the main religion in Tibet. 4 As __is when the sounds of words are mixed up. 5 Making jokes about women is just one type oh eee 6 The ideas of Karl Marx are often associated rich esse 7 Many schools in Canada promote the idea of b___as they think itis important that children can speak both English and French. Listening Getting it right © 1.03 Listen to a radio programme and choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. 1 The programme is about the correct use of English by actors / politicians / television presenters. 2. There’ often an international / an English /a BBC version of a city’ name. 3. The BBC Pronunciation Research Unit was originally called the Advisory Committee on Correct English Usage / Spoken English / Speaking English. 4 The unit creates alist of topical names every day / ‘week / month, 5. The unithas a database with more than 20,000 / 200,000 / 2,000,000 entries. 6 When a mistake is made, it is normally spotted by someone at the World Service / the Promunciation Research Unit /a member ofthe publie. Pronunciation the & 1.04 Listen to the sentences and choose the correct pronunciation of tbe. Puta tick (¥) in the correct box. eid | 1 1 ‘The words aren't very clear and it’ easy to mishear them. 2 When are you going to tell me the answers? 3. Have you listened to the lyrics on his latest so 4 Tewas one of the funniest things I heard. 5 You'll find lots of examples on ‘the internet. 6 They won the award for best new artist. 7 The idea is that people hear what they want to. 8 What was the last CD you bought? usta (i)-2 Right & Wrong Reading The Plagiarist 1 Whats the definition of plagiarion? Read paragraphs 1-2 of the article quickly to check your answer. 2 Answer the questions in your own words 1 Tn what circumstances, ifany, do you think itis acceptable to copy things from the internet? 2. In your opinion, when does ‘research’ become plagiarism? 3 Find the words in the article for the following definitions, The place you find the original information. (paragraph 1) 2 The exact words of another person. (paragraph 2) 3 Something that helps you complete a task. (paragraph 3) 4 Large pieces of something. (paragraph 4) 5. to do something in order to try to stop something bad from happening (paragraph 5) behaving dishonestly (paragraph 6) 4 Write the missing words. 1 He used a engine to find the information. 2 She recovered quickly and there were no pis A efinress 3. With direct speech you should use marks. 4 You ean easily and paste the text. 5 The shelves were. made so we didn’t need to build them. 6 Thad to install the software. 5. Read the article again to check your answers to exercise 4, 6 Answer the questions in your own words. Do you think plagiarism is a problem for schools and universities in your country? 2 Do you think children as young as seven need to be taught about plagiarism?2 Right & Wrong The plagiarist How did we survive before the internet? Finding the answer to almost any question is now just a matter of typing the question into a search engine and then looking at the results. Although we still have to make sure the source is reliable and check that different sources are giving us the same answer, it has never been easier to find information. ‘One of the side effects of this has been the rise of plagiarism in schools and universities. According to the Macmillan online dictionary, plagiarism is ‘the process of taking another person's work, ideas or words, and using them as if they were your own’. If had used this quote without mentioning the source and adding quotation marks then I would be guilty of plagiarism. ‘If you use the internet then you'll know how easy itis to highlight a piece of text, copy itand then paste it into 2 document on your computer. It a useful tool when we are ‘copying something for personal use such as a food recipe. Bur it’ a different story when \we are preparing a piece of work that will be marked and judged as our own by a teacher Imagine how tempting it must be for a student looking for the answer to a complex question to find the answer online and copy and paste i into their own document without acknowledging the original author. Apart from copying and pasting chunks of text, its also possible to buy ready-made essays on the internet, encouraging students to get someone else to do their work for them. Ie’ a problem facing many schools and universities today. Inan effort to combat the problem, many schools now use computer software designed to detect plagiarism. Turitin.com is one internet service that compares students’ work with material found online. But many people believe that internet Gitesary plagiarism isa problem that needs to be ede tee ee tackled when students are as young as seven. | feraomating they gue you Tf students are taught how to formally credit | gion ert) ~to mack a wor, petro fe ee and reference sources then attitudes might | ona conputersceen change. Copying other people’ words tock or) 10 mao an attempt dal wth and pretending they are yours isa form of | ¥biem cheating and irs something children need to | tempting asiectiv)- descr something that etenticinheery ected ‘makes you fl you woul Ike to have to t0 aot usi2 (B)Right & Wrong Writing An email to explain a point of view Reading 1 Which of these statements are true about you when you. discuss controversial issues with friends or colleagues? 1) Lalways want to be right. 9 Tdon’t mind admitting that I'm wrong. 2») Lalways stay calm and listen to the other person. by [sometimes get angry and argue. 3s) IfThave an argument, I forget about it afterwards » If Thave an argument, I think about it afterwards. 2 Read the email. Which statements in exercise | do you think are true for Silke? Tthought I'd write about the argument we had on, Saturday: Ie a shame we both got angry because instead of defending our viewpoints constructively, our positions became more extreme. So Pll try and argue my point more calmly, and hopefully we can put the argument behind us! Essentially, what I wanted to say was that it’s important to keep an open mind, You argue that science can explain everything. But while I admit that science plays a vital role in our understanding ofthe world, don’t you think its a litde arrogant to say that science has ail the answers? Surely even scientists recognise that they work with theories, not absolute truths. ‘The Big Bang is a case in point. You claim this is a fact. But wouldn’tit be more accurate to say that is the theory that best fits current observations? After all, our understanding of the universe has changed dramatically over the years and might change again. And even if the Big Bang is correct, can scientists explain what came before it? If nor, isn’t there room for other ways of explaining how the universe was created? As for the general suspicion towards science in the media, I take your point about that, and I can see why you find it frustrating. What I meant to say on Saturday was that this suspicion is probably due to the difficulty that many people have in understanding complex scientific theories! Anyway, [just wanted to put my thoughts down on paper so you understand what I was trying to say. Silke G) une 3 Which of the following adjectives best describe the way Silke explains her point of view? 1 dogmatic — she's so sure that her beliefs are right that she expects Denis to agree with her 2. respectful - she expresses herself in a polite and kind way 3. persuasive ~ she wants to make Denis agree with her 4 aggressive ~ she’s angry and wants to argue with Denis 5 tactful ~she’ very careful not to upset Denis in any way, 6 condescending ~ she shows that she thinks she’s more intelligent than Denis Writing skills: explaining your point of view 4 Inher email, Silke uses a number of techniques to explain her point of view in a respectful and persuasive ‘manner, Find and underline examples of chese things: 1 Three negative questions that make her argument more persuasive, 2 Three words and expressions that indicate that she agrees with Denis or understands his point of view. 5 Two verbs that refer to what Denis said during the argument. 4 Two expressions that tell Denis she wants to make something clearer. 5 An adverb that she uses to try and persuade Denis she is right. 5 Find these words and expressions in the email and ‘match them with the way in which they are used instead of Essentially, while Afterall even if due to ‘emphasises the most important aspect of something emphasises that although another thing might be right, it doesn’t make your viewpoint wrong gives a reason to explain what you have just said 4 says that one thing replaces another «means because of and introduces the reason for something £ means although and contrasts two thingsRight & Wrong Preparing to write 6 Read che Writing task below and choose an issue to write about. Then make notes on the arguments that people who agree or disagree with the statements use t0 defend their viewpoint. Writing Choose one of the controversial issues below, or think of another one. Now imagine that you have had an argument with a friend or colleague about the issue. Write an email explaining your viewpoint in a respectful and persuasive way, Scientists have manipulated data to make us think global ‘warming is man-made. ‘There needs to be some form of censorship on the internet. Ie’s wrong to geta job because you have a contact in the company or organisation. ee thought I'd write about the argument we hac *1ltry and argue my point more calmly. * Hopefully we can put the argument behind us! * Its important to keep an open mind. + Even (scientists) recognise that * (The Big Bang) is a case in point. * As for * Anyway, | just wanted to put my thoughts down on. paper so you understand what | was trying to say.3Land & § Grammar 1A Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets, In recent years, heavy rains (1) imuch of West Africa. These rains (2) (lead) to some of the worst environmental and health problems seen in the region for years. OF course, when ‘we hear the word Africa on the news most people think drought. And when we hear the words ‘Africa’ and ‘rain’ ‘we assume ie’ good news - unfortunately ths isn't always the case. Although the rains (3) (mean) an increase in agricultural production the rains (@) ato aur) widespread flooding and this (5) poi?) many of the crops. With the rains a new problem (6) (arrive) — locusts. Experts who (7) (work) in the region for years say its one ofthe worst natural disasters they (8) (Gee). People (9) —__ wait) for years forthe rains and now they (10) ‘worse than before (fal) over (come) the situation is actually Grammar 1B Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous and past simple Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. 1 Sharks lived / bave fred / have been living in the sea for millions of years. 2 One in five people were / have been / have been being afraid of water since they were a child. 3. When did you fact swim / have you last soum / bce you last been swimming in the sea? 4 Man changed / as changed / bas been changing the environment since he first appeared on Earth. 5 One of the biggest environmental disasters tot /bar taken /bas been taking place off the coast of Alaska in 1989, 6 Did. you ever stand / Have you ever stood / Have you ever deen standing on a jellyfish? unit ‘Temperatures in the world’ oceans roe /bave risen / ‘ave been rising over the past 30 years. 4 Inrecent years scientists became / have become / bare been ‘becoming concerned with the melting ice at the polar regions. 4 In 2010 temperatares in the Arctic mere / have been / ‘ave been being the coldest for many years. Grammar 1C Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous and past simple Are these sentences correct (¥) or incorrect (X)? Circle the correct answer. 1 T've been interested in sharks since Iwasa child. 7 x 2A few years ago I have been bitten by a shark, but luckily T wasn’t badly hurt. vx 3. Yesterday there were some reports of a big shark off the coast. vx 4 Twas never frightened as there's more chance of being hit by a car than being bitten bya shark, WX 5 Pve been studying hammerhead sharks last year. 7X 6 My first dive was in 2001 in Australia vx 1 Thaven't been back there for years, but I'm ‘going there later this summer. vx 8 Idida’e see a great white yet. Vox Grammar 2A Adjective order Choose the correct option to complete the phrases. Circle the correct answer. 1a grey rough / rough grey Atlantic sea 2 an old round silver / old silver round compass 3. an ancient strange / a strange ancient sea mystery 4 a green small glass / small green glass / small glass green bottle with a message inside a lovely 19th century / 19th century lavely poem about the sea 6a sailing modern big / big modern sailing /madern big sailing / big sailing modern yacht 7 a beautiful coo! / cool beautiful morning breeze 8 a wooden old red rowing /a red rowing old wooden / an old red wooden rowing boat=3 Land & Sea Grammar 2B Adjective order Put the words in the correct order. 1 ble / dark / deep / sea / the 2. an/Viking / old / ship / wooden 3 noisy /a/ seagull / white 4 from the depths / giant /a / monster / mysterious 5 beautiful / boat / a / long / sailing 6 woollen / long / colourful / a / scarf 7 ancient / atlas / Italian / small / a 8 a/ breeze / cool / lovely / sea Vocabulary 1A Natural world ‘Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. 1 Hannibal erossed the snos-capped /olling mountains with his elephants. 2 The Amazon is a very dense /broad river. 3 come from a town in the south-east of Australia that is surrounded by rolling / igh hills. 4 Mount Kilimanjaro isa broad /bigh mountain in Kenya, 5 Antarctica is actually a very dry /snow-capped desert. 6 The hills in many Mediterranean countries are quite barren / dry. 7 Throughout the mid-west of the USA you see mile afier mile of rivers / fields of corn. 8 Upto 50 per cent ofall species of animals and plants live in the grasyforests/ rainforests. Vocabulary 1B Natural world ‘Complete the sentences with the correct word. The first letter is given for you. 1 Only 20 per cent of the world’s are covered in sand. Many of the largest are covered in ice and snow, 2 Around 45 per cent of Canada is covered jn eee 3. The g fields in central and northern Argentina are known as the Pampas. 4 The longest r___ in North America is the Mississippi 5 ‘The landscape in many Mediterranean countries is, ute pee canes 6 The tallest m. in the world is Mauna Kea in Hawaii at 33,465 ft, but only 13,796 is above sea level 7 Some areas of the Atacama d_______in Chile have nothad any r____ for hundreds of years. Vocabulary 2 land ‘Match the two parts of the sentences. T thought we were going to crash, T'm going for another job interview tomorrow ‘When Sam had his accident Pull tin really slowly ‘When your application landed on my desk T knew you were the right person for the job. » he landed up in bed for a week. « butin the end we landed safely. 4 and Pm really hoping to land this one as I need the money. «and T'l help you land it. Vocabulary 3A The sea Complete the sentences about the sea with the words in the box. There are two extra words you do not need. currents dive shalfish snorkel jellyfish tide sands wave seaweed There are probably around 2,000 different species of ) in our seas, but of these only around 100 are dangerous to humans. A jellyfish can move or swim, and even (2) ____ by ‘opening and closing its bell (a bit like an umbrella), but ‘much ofits movement is dietated by the ocean 8) This s one reason why many are washed up on the (4) ____of a beach when the 6 comes in. They usually eat small fish, some (6) ___like shrimps and zooplankton. (very stall animals), but they don’t eat (7) una @)“3 Land & Sea Vocabulary 3B The sea Complete the puzzle with words connected to the sea. F Fe Listening An important change 1.05 Listen to a radio progeamme and complete the phrases with the adjectives in the box. ‘amazing eudden beautiful whole dramatic easy good roling Across 2 a loose pale brown substance that you find at a beach, formed from very small pieces of rock (4) 3 acommon grey and white seabird (7) 5 apiece of equipment with a tube that fits into your ‘mouth so that you can breathe while swimming under water (7) 6 a large expensive boat that is used for racing or sailing (5) 8a green or brown plant that grows in the sea (7) 9 the way that the level of the sea regularly rises and falls during the day (4) Down 1 astrong movement of water in one direction (7) 2 the empty shells of sea animals (9) 4 alarge ship that carries oil or petrol (6) 7 line of water that rises up on the surface of the sea (4) Extend your vocabulary country or land? ‘Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. 1 didn’t know you came from the same country /land as Maya. 2. Fora long time America was seen asthe country /land of opportuni How many countries / nds have you lived in? They sailed for 42 days, but finally they saw country /Jand. The country /land around here is quite hilly Did you know that Canada isthe second biggest conotry [Tend in the world? @) ons ve always loved the (1) the mountains. Teholds a lot of (2) tmust have been quite a(n) (3) hills and memories. change ‘moving from the city to the country. Thad a(n) 4) —__ Tewasn’t a(n) (5) — home, a car .. decision. Iwas spending iy (6) life looking at a screen, The view is (7) ve learned to live without electricity which hasn't been, Oo se Pronunciation 1 Spoken forms 1.06 Listen and circle the word you hear in each 1 Didja Doncha 2 gotta gonna 3 gimme gonna 4 didya kinda 5 gotta gonna 6 Doncha Dida Pronunciation 2 Sounds, 1 Before listening, put the words in the box in the correct group depending on their sounds. allowed cty day fear feel grey guide here key loud night now pier sea take i Jaw! Jaw! fev shat 2 1.07 Listen and check your answers,3 Land & Sea Reading 4 There are almost ... species of dolphin. The messengers of Poseidon fourteen forty © four hundred 5 The best known dolphin is the . 1 Choose the correct answer to test your knowledge Sanco ag hic eae of dolphins. de ass 6 These dolphins live in every ocean of the world except 1 In mythology, dolphins have often appeared as Tap eer gieety bringers of. : + Antarctic b Mediterranean ¢ Pacific + food & goodluck ead Iud 7 The dolphin’ greatest enemies are ... 2 Dolphins are marine ... a humans sharks © tuna 2 mammals 6 shellfish © fish ren ae ti eedecee k 3. They belong to cetaceans, a group which also includes... eae ea tam atte mee cs {your answers to exercise I. a sharks whales © jellyfish The messengers of Poseidon Sea creatures have always played an important role in human culture, especially dolphins. ‘Because of their intelligence and friendly attitude, dolphins have often appeared in different mythologies as bringers of good luck. They are common in Greck mythology and were the messengers of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea. Dolphins are marine mammals and belong to cetaceans, a group of mammals which also includes whales. There are almost 40 species of dolphin and one of the best known is the bottlenose dolphin which lives in every ocean of the world except the Arctic and the Antarctic oceans. Dolphins don’t have many enemies. In fact, their greatest threat comes from humans. ‘One of the world’s most controversial dolphin experts is Richard (Rie) O'Barry. In the 1960s O"Barry worked at the Miami Seaquarium in the US where he trained dolphins. He then captured and trained five dolphins for a television series called Flipper which became a huge success around the world. The series told the story of a bottlenose dolphin called Flipper, the friend of a park warden and his two young sons. ‘The part of Flipper was played at different times by the five dolphins, one of which was called Kathy. It was when Kathy died that O”Barry’s attitude to dolphins changed. He decided it was wrong to train dolphins in captivity and started to campaign against the dolphin industry. Ironically, it was the success of Flipper that led to the opening of water parks around the world, encouraging the capture of dolphins. In 1989 Ric O’Barry founded The Dolphin Project to stady Atlantic bottlenose dolphins. Since then the organisation has studied over 850 different individual bottlenose dolphins. O'Barry has also written several books to raise awareness about dolphins in captivity inchading Bebind the Dolphin Smile (1989) and To Free « Dolphin (2000).He has | Glossary also been the subject of the award-winning | campsign()-10 ty to achive pica or documentary film, The Cave.'The 2009 film | s! sarge by persusng ote poop the told the story of O’Barry’s campaign to stop | Svererertto 42 something the hunt of dolphins and increase the public's | "™&ms! (neun) an smal thatis born from ts : Inofors bods not fom neog knowledge and concern for our marine otha) een Gee environment. responsible fora particular place or ting units“3 Land & Sea 3 Read the rest of the article and decide if the sentences are true (7) of false (F). Circle the correct answer and correct the false sentences. 1 Richard O’Barry trained dolphins before working ‘on Flipper. TIF 2 The part of Flipper was always played by a dolphin called Kathy. T/F 3 O’Barry’s attitude to dolphins changed after his, wife died. TIP 4 He then started campaigning against something he had helped start. TIE 5 He joined the Dolphin Project in 1989. TIF 6 Free a Dolpbin was an award-winning film. TIF 4 Write the verbs in the correct form. 1 Sea creatures ___ (aways play) an important role in human culture, 2 Dolphins ___ (often appear) in different mythologies. 3 Dolphins ______ (not have) many enemies. 4 Their greatest threat______ (come) from humans. 5 Since 1989 the organisation (ud) over 850 different individual bottlenose dolphins. 6 OBarry____ (abo write) several books because he wants __ (raise) awareness about. dolphins in captivity. 5. Read the article to check your answers to exercise 4. 6 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 Why do you think Ric O’Barry’ attitude to dolphins changed? 2 Have you ever seen a dolphin? Describe where and when, 3 Do you agree with Ric that dolphins shouldn't be kept in captivity?3 Land & Sea Writing i ‘A website comment vo just returned from a ten-day holiday in Playa dol Reading Carmen and the weather was near paroct.'d egrae Np Aenee trebeGecianih with other postings that February to May Is tha best time there. The sea is caim for swimming and there lent ‘much rain, There are a lt of tourists though, especialy do you find information about it on the internet at Easter before going? 1 When you visit a place or restaurant for the first time, 6 | you want to try the local cuisine then you should 2 Do you read comments posted by people who have been there? definitely visit Carboncitos. The food is great and the 3 Do people's comments affect your choice of places atmosphere is relaxing, Ask forthe El Pastor tacos. They to go? are quite simply decious and the service is tourist- friendly, Don't mise it 2 Read the comments posted on a travel website and a write the name of the section each comment is from. When to visit 3 Match the words and say what they refer to in Arriving & departing the comments. What to do E se ata . i ‘ Getting around 2 conveniently » friendly 3. near © perfect 1 4 reasonably @ conditioned It you want to leave the beach or hotel poo! then head 5 stress © priced for ‘La Quinta’ ith Avenue). I's the main shopping 6 tourist £ situated street and a good place for restaurants too. Its a Writing ski pedastrian walkway which makes ita stress-free place aiiciey, to shop. If you want to explore muins then Chichen Itza is (1): expressing degrees of undoubted the best place to start. 4 Complete these sentences with adverbs expressing 2 I's not a large town and you'l probably spend most ‘of your time around the beach area anyway. You can degrees of certainty. Then read the comments again to check your answers 1 Ifyou want to explore ruins then Chichen Itza is walk almost anywhere and the taxis are very reasonably the best place to start. priced. A lot of the locals use colectivos to get to other 2 Its nota large town and you'll p___spend resorts in the area. These ere passenger vans and they most of your time around the beach area anyway. stop at the major hotels 3. The best way is a__to take the bus. 8 ig Te the cheapest! The best way fs arguably to take the bus. i's certainly the |) s Ifyou want to try the local cuisine then you should cheapest! I's airconditioned, here's space for uggage. a eae ae and it willeave you atthe Playa bus staton conveniently : eased Seba maa geltiea ca aah ee 5. Which two of the adverbs in exercise 4 express a lower vouchers fr taxi sides inst the arport trina buicng, |) degree of certainty than the others?Grammar 1A Modals of speculation Read the sentences and put them into the correct category. ‘Write the sentence numbers in the boxes. 1 You must have an amazing memory. 2 Ifyou look carefully you might be able to see two faces in the picture. 3. [es impossible! He can’t have done it without using a trick “There must be a way of doing it so that no one can see. “The magician’ assistant might have been in the audience. I could be 2 fake, you know. ‘There could be more than one way of hiding the correct card. 8 You can’t have known what I'was thinking. (Certain Possible Grammar 1B Modals of speculation Choose the correct model verb to complete the text about Houdini. Circle the correct answer. Most people have heard of Harry Houdini, but i he hadn't met Sess Rahner, his future wife, we (1) could / might / must never have heard of him. When she mat him in 1895 he was just doing small card‘ticks. But Bess suggested he concentrate on his escape acts and he soon became one of the greatest escape artists ever. To become so good he (2) could / might / must have spent hours practising and he (8) can't may / must also have been very fit. Over the years his acts became more and more. dlaring and for Bess i (4) can't / could / must have been easy knowing that each time he performed he (6) can’t / might / must die. In 1903 Houdini wrote a book called Handcuff Secrets in which he revealed how most locks and handeutts (6) can’ / could / must be opened. In 1926, Houdini collapsed on stage at what was to be his final performance: it (7) can't may / must have been a real shock as he'd done the same act many times before and always Survived, I's thought he (8) can't / might / may not have been killed by a student who punched him hard in the stomach, although he was already ill and he would have died anyway. Passive and anticipatory ‘Complete the sentences so they mean the same as the original sentence. 1 People say that ffyou break a mirror you'll have seven years’ bad luck. It if you break a mirror you'll have seven years’ bad luck. 2 There is a rumour that touching the left foot of the statue of John Harvard will increase your intelligence. It____ touching the left foot of the statue of John Harvard will increase your intelligence. 3 People report that if you visit the Tower of London at ‘midnight you will see the ghosts of two young boys. It___ifyou visit the Tower of London at midnight you will see the ghosts of two ‘young boys. 4 People say that if you find a four-leaved clover you will be lucky Pee clover you will be lucky. 5 People report that bathing in the Dead Sea will help make you healthier. kt bathing in the Dead Sea will help make you healthier. 6 There is a rumour that by drinking herbal tea every ‘morning you won't become ill so frequently. It________ by drinking herbal tea every ‘morning you won't become ill so frequently. Grammar 3A Complete the sentences with either the past perfect simple ‘or past perfect continuous form of the verb in brackets. you find a four-leaved 1 She ___ (rite) two other mystery novels before she got this one published. 2. The family who _____ (rent) the big old house disappeared one day and were never seen again. 3 Hannah ____ (already le) in Paris for six ‘months before she finally Found a job. 4 He ____ (work) in the theatre and he decided to stay on after his friends left. usta 3)“ Magic & Mystery bro) Adam years before, but we (lose) contact with each other. 6 She said that she. (work) as a magician’s assistant when the accident happened. 7 Before he met my mother, my father (pend) all his time travelling around the world. Grammar 3B Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous Choose the correct tense to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. 1. Gavin was / had been there before, so this time he knew / ‘bad been knowing exactly where to go. 2. Karoline suddenly reatied / had been realising she met / ‘ad met him somewhere before. 3 They were waiting / bad been waiting for hours when the flight finally departed. 4 By the time Amanda bad decided / bad been deciding it was already too late. 5 Paul thought bel seen / bel been seeing the fli before, ‘but he budn’t / ada’ been 6 Yasmin bad ram / bad been running for the bus when she tripped over and broke /bad broken her arm. 7 After my daughter had explained / bad been explaining the plot to me I enjayed / bad enjoyed the film a lot more. Vocabulary 1A Suffixes (jobs) Choose the correct suffix from the box to make the name of a job. cant er -ers ian (x2) oF (x2) 1 My aunt plays in an orchestra. She's a professional 2 To workas a flight attend___ you normally have to be atleast one metre $7 centimetres tall. 3 Ellen MacArthur always dreamt of being a sail 4 Many people work in the city of London as stockbrokers and bank. 5 What exactly does a film direct___ do? 6 When I was at college I worked as a wait___ to make some money. 7 They say you should never trust a politic _. Vocabulary 1B Suffixes (jobs) Complete the sentences with the correct word. The first letter is given for you. Remember to use the correct suffix. 1 think I prefer playing football to being 2 Someone who looks after people’ eyes is called 3 Tom’ dad teaches at the university. He's ap. 4A person who is in an army is called a s s P’mnot very good with money so I have an. a to look after my finances. 6 Houdini was a famous American m__—. 7 Hove making things with wood ~I've always wanted to beac. 8 All the lights went out and we had to call ane Vocabulary 2 Vague language 1 (people) Complete the sentences using the names in the box. Joe Bloggs John Doe “Tom, Dick or Harry the Joneses 1 Even families that aren't well-off try to look as if they have as much money as their neighbours. In English we say they are trying to keep up with tl se as ha ea el non sb to him as. S Siodasoroe as te boonies! i ocka olay can get into university! 4 He’ just your average —__, certainly no different from you or me.=4 Magic & Mystery Vocabulary 3 Vague language 2 (things) ‘Complete the sentences with the correct word or phrase. ‘The first letter is given for you. 1 Greg likes walking and eycling and all that kind Sie 2 Tr one of those t_____you use for golf. you know, putting the ball in. 3 Just buy him the latest electronic g ‘men love them. 4 That thes. 5 Fm not sure a magic show is the k___ 0__ t___ she would enjoy, but you never know. 6 Can you pass me the w. Extend your vocabulary: metaphors (deceiving someone) Complete the sentences with the words in the box. most people like. chase gave leading path ride 1 She was realy. ‘was a famous film star was just too much! 2 Trevor really. time we went round to his house he was out and we were never able to catch him. 3. Tt was a complete wild-goose anda waste of time. 4 Tean't believe I was taken for a again! ‘You'd think after it happened once that it wouldn't happen again, 5 Alex felt so stupid. She'd led him up the garden. and he'd never even suspected it. Listening Visiting Northern Ireland 1.08 Listen to the radio programme about Northern Ireland. Put the topies in the correct order (1-6). _— A famous ship. —— A local legend. —— Links with literature. —— Location and population — Money tips. Strange and magical places, ‘him on. Telling him she us the runaround, Every Pronunciation Contractions and weak forms © 1.09 Listen to the sentences and tick (V) the one you hear. 1 4 Who do you think it could have been? 6 Who do you think it could've been? 2 Things had been going wrong for quite some time. » Things have been going wrong for quite some time. 3a You must have known what was happening. You must've known what was happening, 41 He had never understood what was wrong. » He'd never understood what was wrong, 5 «They could’ve waited a little bit longer. They couldn't have waited a litte bit longer. 6 «Who had been waiting for the right opportunity? » Who'd been waiting for the right opportunity? unta (2s)4 Magic & Mystery Reading Magical & mysterious places 1 Which of these ‘places’ have you heard of What do you think they have in common? Utopia Shangri-La Atlantis EI Dorado 2 Read the article. Then match the places with their ‘locations’. Utopia Shangri-La Atlantis El Dorado 1 South America » the Adlantic Ocean © the Mediterranean Sea a Asia 3 Put the words into the table, according to which legendary place they refer to, earthquake easy money longer life lost city of gold ‘mystical valley tribal chiet ‘expedition fictional island lost civilisation natural disaster perfect society Utopia [Shangri-La [Adantis earthquake EI Dorado unit 4 Read the article to check your answers to exercise 3. 5 Complete the quotes with one of the names: Utopia, Shangri-La Atlantis, F1 Dorado, 1 Since is the city of gold, there might be, oh gold nuggets, dust, an entire temple of gold’ (The Road t0 ) 2. ‘Tes the death of a whole culture and a whole heritage. Tes like the city of 3. ‘Everybody has their own ideas of. ' T tried to teach myself to enjoy the present, enjoy the now? (Mark Knopfler) 4 ‘Amap of the world that does not include 2 (Mary Bowen) is not worth even glancing at, for it leaves out the one country at which Humanity is always landing? (Oscar Wilde) 6 Answer the questions in your own words. Can you think of a modern-day equivalent to El Dorado? 2 IFthey did exist, which of the places would you most like to visi? Why? Describe your ‘Shangri-La’.4 Magic & Mystery Magical & mysterious places Does Utopia exist? What about Shangri-La, Atlantis and El Dorado? Let’ stare with Utopia. The word Uropia was invented by Sir Thomas More who used itas the title for a book he wrote in 1516. In the book he deseribed a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean. Since then the word has been used to describe a society in which everything is perfect. In other words, a place that couldn't possibly exist! Shangri-La is another fictional place that started life in a book. The book was Last Horizon by the British author James Hilton. Published in 1933, Hilton described a ‘mystical valley where people aged more slowly and lived longer. People continue to use the term Shangri-La to refer to a magical place. Although the valley in Hilton's book is fictional, some places in the Buddhist Himalaya between northern India and Tibet have claimed to be the location for the story. Atlantis was an island first mentioned in Plato’ Timacus and Critias. According to Plato’s dialogues, Atlantis was destroyed by an earthquake or other natural disaster about 9,000 years previously. Plato’s characters say it was situated somewhere outside the Pillars of Hercules, Although most believers think Atlantis was in or near the Mediterranean Sea, others have placed it in the Adantic Ocean or Antarctica. Wherever it is or isn’t, the idea of this lost civilisation continues to inspire and intrigue us. El Dorado was the name of a tribal chief who covered himself with gold dust and then dived into Lake Guatavita situated in Colombia. The ritual became the basis for the Jegend of El Dorado which told of a lost city of gold. The possibility of finding gold in this lost city attracted many explorers including Francisco Orellana and Gonzalo Glossary Pizarro who, in 1541, set off on an expedition | inspire (vers)— to ge someone the enthusiasm to to find their fortune. They didn’t find the city, ] 99 sest someting but Orellana ‘discovered’ the Amazon River. Siew Sarit ote ae very ae a infronieg more about someting, spe “They were followed many years later by Sir] Bove ere sbeutsoneting. especaty Walter Raleigh who was also unsuccessful in 1 mystical (act) ~rlaing ta or valving hs attempt. Since then the name El Dorado | mysterious reigeus or spr poner has been used to describe anywhere that eae ene money can be found quickly. m @Magic & Mystery Writing A review Reading 1 Answer these questions, 1 When was the last time you went to see a show or! theatre production? 2 What made you decide to see it? 3. Did you enjoy i Why / Why not? 2 Read the website forum reviews and then answer the questions. 1 What thing do the two reviews have in common? 2 Whatare the two main differences between them? ‘Show: Family Magio, with magician Hannah Houdini I'm not generally a tan of magic shows, so | didn't have very high expectations when | took my son to see Family Magic with other parents at his school. Kids' entertginment is so often a tedious experience for adults, so | was pleasantly surprised by just how much | enjoyed this show. There's nothing origina ‘about it a magician doas some fairy standard Houaini with help from an assistant — but it was funny ‘and fast-moving, and Ms Houdini was briliant at ‘getting the kids to relax and enjoy themselves. What's mote, as in the best animeted feature films, there were plenty of humorous references aimed at the adults in the audience, some of which made me laugh out loud. Allin all, this is a highly entertaining show thet completely exceeded my expectations. Show: Magic Max ‘After seeing Magic Max a number of times on TV, we were really excited about seeing his live show, The tickets were pricey, but worth it, we thought, and: because we booked early we got excellent seats. Unfortunately, the show didn't live up to expectations. ''d heard such good things about it in the press, but |eft the theatre feeling disappointed. Magic Maxis famous for his wit and his unbelievable Houdini stunts, and | was looking forward to seeing him do hypnotism live too. But there was no hypnotism and few Houdini stunts because Magic Max spent too much of the show talking and teling humorous anecdotes, in short, | was expecting a lot more and dich’ fee! that Magic Max justified his biling as a mejor star in the magic world, unita 3. What rating do you think the reviewers gave the show they saw? ‘trfetetr A great show — I highly recommend it ‘thir A good show ~_worth seeing sew OK, but nothing special ‘tr Disappointing — I don't recommend it Family Magic: ‘Magic Max: Writing skills (1): talking about expectations 4. Complete these expressions from the reviews that are used to talk about expectations. Then read the reviews again to check your answers. 1 Tdidn’t have very hex 2 Twas pl 3. a... show that completely ex______ feats ge ee + we were really ex ace seeing his live show f ochoshow didntcL— Ss ey ss tg exec 6 Tleft the theatre £_____ di 7 Twas L —fo__to seeing him do hypnotism Vga ee ee EE Ie en 5. Which expressions in exercise 4 are used to say that the reviewer ...? + had positive expectations hefore the show +» had negative expectations before the show «thought the show was going to be etter 4 thought the show was going to be worse Writing skills (2): adding emphasis 6 Find and underline examples of these ways of adding emphasis. 1 extreme adjectives (eg fantastic) 2 intensifying adverbs (eg very) 3 just 4 such + noun phrase“4 Magic & Mystery Preparing to write 7 Read the Writing task below. Think about your expectations before you saw the show, and how you felt about ic at the end. Writing ‘Write a review of a show or theatre production that you have scen recently or in the past. es '* Because we booked early we got excellent seats. ‘I'd heard such good things about it in the press. + Theres nothing original about + was fanny end fant mova. «Whats moe, there were / was plenty of + Al inal thi a hight entertaining ehow. + in shor Iwas expecting alot more and ‘I didn't feel that .. justified his / her / their billing as... unaGrammar 1 will for present habits Write will or won't in each sentence. 1 There’ no point saying anything. She pay any attention to what we think. 2 People keep on shortening my name even when they know I hate it. 3. Tkeep on telling him to be more careful with his ‘money, but he just 4 Teenagers too loud, listen. always play their musie 5. Parents nowadays often name their children after famous pop stars or actors. 6 Ie doesn't matter how many times you ask me, I doit 7 People usually mix me up with my twin brother and call me Josh instead of Jake. Grammar 2A Past habits Are these sentences grammatically correct (V) or incorrect (X)? Circle the correct answer. 1 When I was young I used to love eating bacon, but now P'm a vegetarian, v 2 Twould live with my aunt and uncle when I was a teenager. v 3 Myaunt and uncle were vegetarians so they didn't use to eat meat. v 4° When I was ten I used to hate eating fish. v 5 On the weekends I would go fishing with my older brother. v 46 Tused to enjoy lying in bed under the blankets eating a packet of chocolate biscuits. v 7 In 2003 T would go and live with my aunt and uncle. v 8 Lused to love the smell of toast early in the morning. v 9. IfL gotthe chance I would eat my aunt’ freshly baked bread with lots of butter. v Units Grammar 2B Past habits Complete the sentences with used t0 + verb, woudd + verb or the past simple of the verb in brackets. Sometimes ned to and wonld are both possible 1 James (noc) from an early age that he wanted to be a chef. 2 T___ (nw) the taste of freshly squeezed orange juice. 3. Asa child Rod the barbeque. 4 Sonja (not like) spicy foods. 5 When Julie was five she (burn) herself ‘on the cooker. 6 My mother between meals. 7 T_____ (hare) doing the washing-up. 8 When she was young Elaine (spend) hours watching her granny cooking in the kitchen. Grammar 3A be used fo / get used to Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. (belp) his father with (nt let) us eat 1 People are /get used to having access to information 24 hours a day. 2 When we went on holiday I found it very difficult being / getting used to not having my mobile phone. 3. Pete's always late, but all his friends are / get used to it and so they make sure they tell him to arrive half an hour early. 4 When his car broke down, Phil had to be /get used to taking the bus to work, 5. Sally’s been vegetarian for five years, so she i / gets used to not cating meat. 6 My grandfather is 84 years old and he uses the internet all the time, but he found it difficult to be / get used to it at first. 7 Pm /I got used to people mispronouncing my name, so I don't really get annoyed anymore. 4 When Jasmine first moved to France she found it difficult being / gerting used to speaking French every day.Parents & Children Grammar 3B be used to / get used to ‘Write the correct form of the verb 0 be or to get to complete the text. When Parminder was 16 she left her home in India and moved to England to study. At first she found many things strange. It was really difficult to(1)_________used to the weather. It wasn't the rain, she (2) __used to that in India, as she had lived in the hills in the north of the country. The problem was the temperature - it was always so cold. She also found it difficult to (3) _____used to the food which she found biand. She didn’t understand how anyone could (4) Used to eating food that didn’t have any flavour. At least she didn’t find the language strange — she (5) _____used to speaking English with her parents, so that wasn't a problem. Now, a year later, she (6) ______used to the food, not that she particulariy likes it. She's (7)___ more used to the ‘weather, although the winter was terrible. She's also (@) used to the way people speak. Of course they speak English, but it’s different to the English she (@) used to back home in India. Vocabulary 1A Parenthood Choose the correct word to complete each sentence about parenthood. Circle the correct answer. 1 When your child takes their first step it's just amazing / challenging /relentes. 2 Upat five, feed, change the nappy, then sleep for an hour before starting over again! Ie just challenging / ‘miraculous / relentless 9. The first time I saw his tiny hands and fect I almost cried. The birth of your first child i always so tnpredicable / miraculous / relentless. 4 Single-parent families must find it really challenging / fn / underestimated looking after a young child. 5 Ifind looking after one child exhausting / life-changing / ‘miraculous so I just don't know how you manage with three. 6 She cries all the time. Ie amazing how such a small person can be so onzy / noisy / sere 7 John said it must be great fun being at home with the baby all day long so I suggested he try today. Ean hardly wait to get home as I'm sure he rewarding / underestimated / unpredictable how difficul itis ts really razy / underestimated / expensive to raise children nowadays with all the things you are supposed to buy for them. Vocabulary 1B Parenthood Complete the second sentence with a word or phrase from the box that has the same meaning as the underlined word or phrase in the first sentence. bringing up check upon discipline neglect, praise spoil tell me off trust, 1 Iesnot easy raising three young children. Tes not easy ___"__ three young children. 2 Thave to monitor them all the time. You never know when they might get into trouble. Thave to___ them all the time. You never know when they might get into trouble. 3. Its amazing how many parents indulge their children, buying them everything they want. Tes amazing how many parents __their children, buying them everything they want. + You need to compliment children when they behave well. ‘You need to ___ children when they behave well 5 My dad would often criticise me when I was young, but T knew he loved me. ‘My dad would often __ when I was young, but I knew he loved me. 6 Parents who ignore their children should be punished by the authorities. Parents who ____ their children should be punished by the authorities. 7 I believe in my children. Tim sure they'll always do the right thing. 1 ‘my children, I'm sure they'll always do the right thing. 8 When you punish a child it’s important that they understand why. ‘When you ______a child it’ important that they understand why. w= ®Parents & Children Vocabulary 2 Names ‘Complete the sentences with the words and phrases about znames in the box. You do not need to use all he words, ‘maiden name pseudonym middle name | stage name nickname unisex name patronymic user name 1 John B. Fredrickson. Th my ee ee 2 Sam could be either Samantha or Samuel, so I don’t know if ita man or a woman. That’ the problem with ayn ncalenaey 3 When I watched The Last Station, a film about ‘Tolstoy, [couldn't understand why they kept on calling him Nikolaevich. Then T discovered that this was hia eee est 4 Alice in Wonderland was written by Lewis Carroll. But this was actually the of Charles Dodgson, a professor of mathematics at Oxford. stands for Barry, which is 5 Did you have a when you were a child? 6 The magician and escapologist Erik Weise was better known by his of Harry Houdini. 7 Sometimes I'm asked for my mother’s but I don’t know what she was called before she got married! Vocabulary 3A Describing food Complete the puzzle with words connected to taste and texture of food. 7 2 a @ ome Across 1 having a very pleasant / nice taste (9) 4 having an unpleasant taste, especially because something is no longer fresh (4) 5 wetand soft like a biscuit when you put it into tea (5) 6 having a strong sharp taste / not sweet (6) 7 cooked in a lot of ol or fat (6) Down 1 tasting horrible or bad so you don’t want to ‘eat something (10) 2 making a loud noise when you bite into something (7), 3. having a strong taste and a bitter flavour, like a lemon (5), 6 not having a strong taste and not interesting to eat (5) Vocabulary 3B Describing food Complete the sentences with the correct word about the taste or texture of food. The first etter is given for you. 1 This food tastes Can you give me the recipe? 2 Youneed to i it otherwise it goes L 3 The meat’ a bit c__, I guess I didn’t cook ie for long enough. 4 Ifyou add a little lemon juice it'll make ita bits 5 Wow! How much chilli did you put in this? Te’s really ae tea 6 [find English food really b. seem to taste of anything. Ir doesn't 7. These apples are nice and «_____ when you bite into them. & My mother used to make this lovely chocolate cake that, was all s____on the inside.Parents & Children Extend your vocabulary 1 Metaphors for relationships Complete the text with the words in the box. There are two extra words you do not need. attached separated close split cracks strong deep inseparable ‘When I was young I didn’t realise that not al families were like mine, My family was extremely (1) _______. ‘We lived with my gran, and my aunt, uncle and two cousins lived next door. My cousins and I spent all our time together and were often (2) ‘Then left home and went to college where I met Megan. We immediately became friends and I got to know a lot about ‘Megan's family ~ they were so different from mine. Her mum and dad had got married at 17 and Megan was born ayear later. Already @) had appeared in her parents’ marriage. They argued all the time and they (4) up when Megan was just two years old. After that Megan went to live with her gran and grandad and she became very (5) to them. So we did have one thing in common, we both had really (6) —______ bonds with our grans. Extend your vocabulary 2 Prefixes with self- ‘Match the two parts of the sentences with seff Michael felt very self- When people suffer from low self- He so self- Its important to keep your self ‘There's no reason for this self= She's one of the most self- Come on! If you don't have any self Now she's gota job she much more self- centred and arrogant people I've ever met. confident than she used to be. conscious knowing his parents were watching him. control and try not to lose your temper. © esteem they often become depressed. £ pity, Get over it and be positive. 5 respect, why do you think other people should respect you? righteous. Always telling other people how to behave! Listening Eating through time 1.10 Listen to a radio programme about eating habits and match the phrases in the box with the decades. Write each phrase next to the correct decade, frozen meals intemational food more snacks Prepared meals the end of breakfast three meals a day 1960s: (1) 1990s: (4) 1970s: (2) 2000s: (5) 1980s: (8) 2010s: (6) Pronunciation 1 will / won't 91.11 Listen and underline the word zill /zon't where itis stressed, He won't be late. So stop worrying, ‘You just won't listen to me and it’ really annoying. Li Ya will talk back to his parents. Samantha will help you if you want. ‘They will ignore what's good for them. Children these days just won't pay attention. Pronunciation 2A Consonant clusters 1 Underline the consonant clusters in these words. 1 flexible 5 truths 2 strong, 6 attempt > depth 7 creative 4 throughout 8 lengths 2 €H 1.12 Listen and repeat the words. Pronunciation 2B Consonant clusters 1.13 Listen to the sentences and write the word you hear in each gap. ‘That’ got such a taste. ‘My favourite number is Try not to swim out of your 1'm just not sure what she 1 didn’t know Joan was ‘There were some nasty rumours He was born on the Do you like this____> of=5 Parents & Children Reading Destructive names 1. What do you think these things have in common? Look the words up in a dictionary to check your answer. hurricane cyclone typhoon 2 What is the worst weather you have experienced? Write five adjectives to describe it and how it made you feel. 3 Read the article and answer these questions. 1 Who chooses the names for the hurricanes? 2 Why are the letters Q, U, X,Y and Z not used? 3 Why are the names French, Spanish or English? 4 Why do they use people's names? s- What was different about che names between 1953 and 1979? 6 Why's the 2011 list the same as the 2005 list? 7 Why are some names used only once? 8 What’ different about hurricanes today? G) vars 4 Write the missing words from the final paragraph without looking at the article. If there are more (1) 21 hurricanes in a @)——__—__, as war the case@)_— 2005, the other storms (4) their names from the (5) alphabet: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, (6) , and so on. In (7) _____, there are fewer hurricanes (8) ____ than in the past. (9) today’s hurricanes are (10) stronger and more dangerous. 5 Check your answers by looking at the final paragraph of the article, 6 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 How has the media affected your view of hurricanes? 2 What, ifanything, do you think towns and cities can do to prevent damage from storms? 3 How do you think the weather has changed in recent years where you live?Parents & Children Destructive names Arlene, Bret, Cindy, Don, Emily and Franklin may sound like the names of a group of friends, but the names have a more destructive significance. They are, in fact, the first names on the lise of hurricane names for 2011, “The names of hurricanes are chosen from alist selected by the World Meteorological Organisation, Each name on the lst starts with a different leter. The name ofthe first hurricane of the season starts with the letter A, the next with the letter B, the next with the letter C and so on. The letters Q, U, X, Y and Z are not used for Atlantic Ocean hurricanes because there aren't many names that start with those letters. For Atlantic Ocean hurricanes, the names can be French, Spanish or English, since these are the major languages ofthe countries onthe Atlantic Ocean in the areas where hurricanes occur, Hurricanes are given names because they help to identify storms as they move across the ocean. They also reduce confusion when «wo oF more tropical storms occur at the same time. For hundreds of years, hurricanes in the West Indies were named after the saints day on which the hurricane occurred. It was in 1953 that the US National Weather Service bogan using names for storms. At first only female names were used, but in 1979 they started using both male and female names. Today the names of hurricanes alternate between male and female. ‘There are six lists of names for the Atlantic, and one list is used each year: Every sixth. year, the first list begins again. The 2011 hurricane name list is the same as the 2005 hurricane list, but with some important differences. When a hurricane strikes that is ‘unusually destructive, its name is retired and never used again. Four hurricane names were retired in 2005, including one of the most famous of all time — Katrina — which has been replaced by Katia, Ifthere are more than 21 hurricanes in [@tossary a season, as was the case in 2005, the other storms take their names from the Greek alphabet: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and so on. In general there are | ‘Ser rs)-soronove fewer hurricanes now than in the past. | “ineren wre ae However, today’ hurricanes are much | Sausngaarage stronger and more dangerous. ‘iterate (verb) ~ to happen o come one after another structive active) - causing severe damage or har ‘cur (ve) ~to exist or be fcund somewhere umes G5)Parents & Children Writing An autobiographical extract Reading 1 Answer these questions. 1 Are autobiographies a popular form of literature in your country? 2 Do you enjoy reading autobiographies? Why / Why not? 3. Have you ever considered writing your autobiography? Tfso, who would you want to read i? 2 Read four tips for writing a biography. Then read extract from an autobiography. Does it follow the advice in the tips? 4 Choose events that helped to define you as a person 2. Ifpossible, connect events to a recurring theme in your life 3. Be descriptive — help paint a mental pieture of events 4 Give details ~ these will help readers to recall similar events in their own lives Twas always a very timid child and it worried me that I didn'c talk enough. Unfortunately, when I did talk, I ‘would usually go very red. Whenever this happened, cone unforgiving classmate would lick the end of his finger and reach out towards my cheeks while making a oud hissing sound. This made me feel as if everybody in sight had stopped what they were doing to look at me, though in retrospect, 'm not sure many people really noticed. Ataround that time, an incident occurred that totally changed my perspective on keeping quiet. One evening during the holidays my family gathered round the kitchen table to discuss a problem involving some land they owned. Proceedings started off calmly, but soon «heated discussion had developed. It suddenly struck ‘me that my uncle, rather than getting involved, just sat and listened. Hector looked nothing like my father, his brother, and had a huge moustache that drooped at the ends, This made him look permanently sad. He must have remained silent for almost an hour, during ‘which time the others failed to reach an agreement. At shat point, they turned to him for an opinion. “We need to sell the land,’ he said, and then fell silent again. He sounded as if he'd known the right answer al along, and days later the land had been sold. Looking back, I suppose Hector might simply have had nothing more to say, but he certainly seemed like the deep thinking quiet type. For the firs time, I realised how powerful silence can be. Units 3 Who do you think the autobiography was written for? Why? «For the writer, to help him/her remember things. » For the general public. © For future generations of his/her family. Writing skills (1): saying when things happened 4 Look at the underlined words and phrases in the extract. Which one(s) refer to or introduce these time expressions? 1 a particular time in the past 2 atime period in which something happened 3 every time something happened 4 two things that happened at the same time 5 one thing that happened immediately after another ‘6 one thing that happened a short time after another Writing skills (2): describing perceptions 5. Match the two parts of these sentences from the extract. “Then read it again to check your answers. This made me feel as if Hector looked nothing like “This made him look He sounded as if He seemed like a permanently sad everybody had stopped what they were doing. ¢ the deep thinking quiet type. 4 my father. «he'd known the right answer all along. 6 Complete the rules with the words below. subject + verb adjective noun phrase 1 look / feel / sound / seem + 2 look / feel / sound / seem + like + 2. look / feel / sound / seem + as if +Parents & Children Preparing to write 7 Read the Writing task below and think about a moment. ‘or event in your life to write about. To help you do this, consider looking at old photos, possessions or diaries and talking to friends and family members. Then decide who your intended audience is (see exercise 3) and follow the tips in exercise 2. Writing ‘Write an extract for your autobiography. ECs + | was always + Itworried me that... + Whenever this happened, is made me feel as if. ‘In retrospect, ... + Looking back, .. «An incident ocourred that totally changed my perspective on * It suddenly struck me that * | realised ...a MeN. =\ mse Wore Grammar 1A. Passive voi ‘Complete the text about speech writing using the correct form of the verb in brackets When a politician makes a great speech we often have to remember that the speech itself (1) (not write) by the politician, but by a professional writer who (@) —__ ay) a lot of money. When the speech goes badly wrong, it isn’t the writer who (3) (remember), but the poor politician. Politicians (4) (often make) or (5) (break) by their ability to speak in public, so itis essential they trust their speechwriter. However, when Politicians (6) (question) by journalists or members of the public, the choice of words is down to them. Sometimes they 7) —_______ @ive) clever ‘sound bites by ‘their writers, but even then they have to use these at the right time. Grammar 1B Passive voice Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice so that the ‘meaning is the same 1 Every year the government spends millions of pounds. ‘Millions of pounds sa as ASS a 2 The police are questioning some politicians about their expense claims. Some policcians ss = ile DS 3 In May 2010 voters elected David Cameron as Prime Minister. David Cameron 4 They will hold the next meeting on Tuesday evening. ‘The next meeting 5 In the light of recent events they are reviewing a number of decisions. A number of decisions 6 The police arrested hundreds of people at the demonstration yesterday. Hundreds of people tn Grammar 2A have / get something done Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box. cut decorate do(x2) diy-clean pluck repair 1 Your hair is getting very long. Isn't it about time you frag ie nS RS 2 Julie’ going to a party on Sunday so she’s having her nails 3 Tcan'tafford to have the grass cut. T guess I'll just have to_it myself. 4 Mycar broke down last night so P'm getting it today. 5 Before the baby was born they decided to get the spare room! 6 Pauline hates having her eyebrows 7 Una needs to get her dress the wedding. in time for Grammar 2B have / get something done ‘Match the two parts of the sentences. Always get your children’s feet ‘We need to get the roof Ie’s important to get your eyes Lucy's having her wedding dress “The exam board are getting all the papers checked We're getting cable TV installed [Amir had his leg operated on + adjusted so that it’s a perfect fit. '» after he had broken it in two places. after three students were caught cheating. 44 measured before you buy new shoes for them. checked every couple of years. so we can watch the next World Cup. «repaired before the winter.Power & Money Grammar 3A quite Choose the correct meaning of guite in each sentence. 1 The chances of winning the lottery are quite slim. = completely » fairly 2 Quite a few people enter the lottery every week. + alitde & alot of 3. Tthink people who buy lottery tickets every week are quite mad. + completely » not very 4 Sam was quite lucky because he won the lottery twice. «completely & very 5 Iquite enjoy the anticipation. Winning is not the most important thing. + not very very much 6 The first week the lottery started I bought quite a few tickets. 4 not many b alotof 7 We quite often choose family birthdays as our numbers. 2 fairly » not very Grammar 3B quite Read the text and find eight places where the word quite is missing, Draw an arrow to indicate the correct places. Taking part in the lottery is a form of gambling, but nowadays it seems to be acceptable. One reason is that it gives people something to dream about, but this seems unfair as in most cases the chances of winning are about a milion to one. Of course, the lottery raises a bit of money and when ~ as is the case in the UK ~ this money is used for good causes, people seem to feel this is OK. In some countries the lottery has been {going for a long time. For example, in the UK the national lottery started on 14 February 1994—a romantic day! Some people have complicated systems for choosing their numbers while others simply pick at random. Whatever you might think of lotteries, they are here to stay for some time. Vocabulary 1A Adverb phrases Complete the text about Tom Wolfe with the words in the box. oddly of course needless to say remarkably ‘The Bonfire of the Vanities was’Tom Wolfe's first novel. (1) __ it wasn’t the first book he had written, but all the previous ones had been factual. @ 1e book was written in serial form and published in the Rolling Stone magazine. oe ‘Wolfe had to write each section in just two weeks. (4) he had had a lot of, experience of writing to deadlines because he'd spent ten, years as a newspaper journalist. Vocabulary 1B Adverb phrases [Are the underlined adverb phrases correct (V) or incorrect (X) in these sentences? Circle the correct answer. 1 Oddly enough, books about money often don’t sell very well. vx 2, Miraculously, being a banker is not a very popular job at the moment. vx 3. Even after having lost millions he was strangely alright. vx 4 Ofcourse, everyone knows that Wall Street is the financial centre of the USA. vx 5 We did remarkably well out of the recent economic situation. vx 6 Obviously we weren't too badly affected by the financial crisis, bt then again we were quite lucky. 7X 7 Needless to say people don’t trust bankers as much as they did in the past. vx UnitsPower & Money Vocabulary 2A Collocations (money) ‘Choose the word in each sentence that does not fit. Circle your answer. 1 Whenever I have any done / pacer / spare change, I put it in ajar and save it. 2 He had a small / considerable / spending fortune, but lost itall when his company collapsed. 3 don't have enough money to consider / pay /sette the bill. Can you get it this time? 4 How can anyone live like that? They must be desperately / dirt (filthy poor. 5 Tused to got £5 pocker / spare / spending money when was young. {6 Some Hollywood actors are dirt /filthy / extremely rich Vocabulary 2B Collocations (money) Complete the text about money with the words in the box. loose cit filthy Pay pocket small Extend your vocabulary 1A Metaphors for money as food or liquid Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1 a/our/outof / chunk / savings /it/ huge / took 2 pie / the / wanted / a / everyone / slice / of 3 company / cash / problem / has / the / serious / with / flow/a 4 just/ money / pouring / the /was /like / drain / down /it 5) did / out/ much / that / splash / on / how / you 6 swallowed / just / be / the / up /to / money / seemed Extend your vocabulary 1B Metaphors for money as food or liquid Complete the metaphors with the words in the box. There are four extra words you do not need. ‘Asa young woman her family were (1) poor. They lived in a one-room house in rural Alabama, ‘Asa young child she never got any (2) money from her parents, but she could earn a little by doing small jobs around the neighbourhood. Same days her father even found it difficult to (3) the bills, Like most youngsters she dreamt of being rich and famous, but she made her dream come true. She's now o rich, but she remembers where she ‘came from and has set up charities to help poor families. She's given away a (5) ____ fortune over the ‘years to set up schools and provide medical facilities. She says, ‘For me it’ just (6) change, but for many of these people it the difference between life and death’ ‘chewed chunk slice splashed flow spread piece pouring ripping swallowed 1 Ican't believe how easily money seems to be up nowadays. 2 There’ just not enough for everyone. You can't all have a__ of the pie. 3 At the moment they're the project, but it can’t last forever. 4 We definitely worth 5 Ifyou havea cash. always borrow some from the bank. 6 The bills take a big month so I don't have much left to spend on going out, money into out on a luxury holiday, but it was problem you could out of my salary each6 Power & Money Listening Acar boot sale © 1.14 Listen to three people talking about car boot sales, Which person says these things? Pura tick (V) in the corresponding box. [Andrea [Josh [Harry | 1 He/She has brought things to sell. 2 He/She has already bought something. 3. Its the first time he/she | has been to a car boot sale. 4. He/She enjoys meeting people at car boot sales. 5 He/She has seen something he/she might buy. 6 He/She has come to find something specific. Pronunciation (9 1.15 Listen to the quotes from famous people and. underline the words they stress. 1. “The art of leadership is saying no, not saying yes. [tis very easy to say yes Tony Blair 2. ‘Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names. John F. Kennedy 3. ‘Never, never and never again shall it be that chis beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another Nelson Mandela 4+ ‘Lam not interested in power for power’ sake, but ’m interested in power that is moral, thats right and that is good? Martin Luther King, Jr. 5. ‘Being powerful is like being a lady. Ifyou have to tell people you are, you aren't? Margaret Thatcher unit6 Power & Money Reading The Speaker 1 Match the words with the definitions, applicant audience audition judge mentor series 1 Aset of television programmes about a particular subject. 2 Someone who applies for something. 3 A short performance in which you sing, dance or act so that someone can decide if you are good cnough to perform in something. 4 An experienced person who helps someone with less experience. 5 A group of people who have come to see a performance. 6 Someone who decides who the winner of a competition will be. 2. Use the passive form of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. The Speaker was the title of an eight-part television series. rk@ (reduce) by the BBC in the UK. Each applicant (2) (ask) to prepare and film a one-minute speech. A hundred and sixty speakers (3) ____ (choose) by the three judges. These speakers (4) (invite) to the next stage of regional auditions in front of the judging panel and an audience, Of the 160 speakers, only 20 (5) Gelet) to go through to the next stage. The final eight (@) _____(couct) by celebrity mentors and given new challenges to help improve their speaking skills. 3 Read the article to check your answers to exercise 2. 4 Answer the questions in your own words. ‘What was the aim of the series? How old were the applicants? ‘What did they all have in common? ‘What did their one-minute speech have to be about? ‘What was different about the next stage of the competition? 6 What did they research in Malawi? 7 When was the last episode broadcast? 8 Where did the winner come from? 5 ‘What three examples of public speaking does Jeremy Stockwell give at the end of the article? 1 2 3 6 Write three more examples. 1 2 3 7 Imagine you are taking part in a series like Tbe Speaker and have to prepare a one-minute speech. What subject ‘would you choose and what would be the main message? Subject: MessagePower & Money The Speaker ‘The Speaker was the ttle of an eight-part television series. Ir was produced by the BBC in the UK. The aim of the series was to find Britain’ best young speaker. ‘Young people between the ages of 14 and 18 from across the country were invited to take part in The Speaker. Applicants included tough-talking teens, jokers, and shy, sensitive types. The one thing they had in common was a desire to talk publicly and passionately about what was important to them. Each applicant was asked to prepare and film a one-minute speech on any subject ~ from op music to politics, from hooligans to homework. From all the entries received, 160 speakers were chosen by three judges. These speakers were invited to the next stage of, regional auditions, where they had to deliver their one-minute speech again, but this ‘time in front of the judging panel and an audience. Of the 160 speakers, only 20 were selected by the judges to go through to the next stage. They then had to give another speech on a subject they were given only seconds before making the speech. Some contestants also had to speak abouta picture, again without any preparation. ‘The final eight were then coached by celebrity mentors and given new challenges to help improve their speaking skills. Their speeches were evaluated by the judges and their ‘mentor. By the last episode in the series, which was shown at the end of April 2009, only three contestants remained. They were taken on a research trip to Malawi, where they found out first hand the effects of children’ rights, ahead of their final speech. Duncan Harrison, a 14-year-old schoolboy from Bristol was voted the winner by the judges and mentors. ‘When asked what makes a good speaker, the actor, director and teacher, Jeremy Stockwell, who was one of the judges con the series, said, ‘An effective speaker | @lossary ‘must know and trust who they are, what they have to say, and why they have to say it. Whether you're playing Hamlet, delivering a political message or presenting a school assembly, you must have a story to tell, a message to impart and a clear sense of purpose? ‘contestant inoun)- someone who takes part na contest entry four) ~ something that you ave to make or 30 hen youtake par ina competion episode (oun) -a patra tees saris thts broadeas:sepeataly lmpart (er) to give something such a information, knonlacgo to someonePower & Money Writing A business proposal Reading 1 Answer these questions. 1 Do you runa business or have you ever thought of, starting a business? 2 What qualities do you think you need to run a busines 3 Ifyou could start a business, what type of business would it be? 2 Look at the list of points to include in a business proposal, Read the restaurant proposal and tick (7) which points are included, 2A description of the proposed business » The unique selling point ofthe business «The target markers 4 The existing competition ‘© The possible reactions of the competition to the new business. f Marketing plans The people involved h_ Action plan B &B Business Proposal Our proposa isto open a breaifast and brunch restaurant (provisionally to be called B & B) in the High Street. t wil be the fst n a chain of restaurants we plan to open over the next five years. According to ou research, there is a demand for a treaifast and brunch restaurant inthe area. Avert from catering for the many office workers, we vl markst the restaurant atthe growing stucent popuéation as well as lunchtime shonpers and visitors. ‘As for competitors, there are currently eight other restaurants in the High Street and! six fast food restaurants including coffee shops. The majority of restaurants only open from lunchtime and the fast food restaurants only offer limited breaktast manu. We ‘therefore believe we can open up a new markt, (Our USP wil be the provision of national and international cooked breakfasts served at a reasonable price in relaxed surroundings from 6.00am to 6.000m. The restaurant will not open in the evenings and will therefore not have to compete with the established restaurants in the area, “The business will be run by two partners who will have equal shares. Between us we have more than 15 years’ experience in the catering industry and have both worked in iocal restaurants, As a consequence, we have a good working knowledge of the local restaurant trade. (Our plan is to tind suitable premises within the next three -months and then to open to the public three months later. This will coincide with the start of a new academic yyear allowing us an opsortunity to promote the new business to students atthe start of term. We beth hope that you wil be interested in becoming involved as a backer. We believe that your business skils, Combined with our restaurant know-how will make B & B a commercial success, 8 Find words in the proposal with these meanings. 1a formal plan 2 the detailed study of something in order to discover new Facts 3 the fact that people want service or product 4 a company that sells the same goods or services as another company 5 the total number of people willing to buy a particular product 6 one of two or more people who own a company and share its profits and losses 7 a particular area of business or industry 8 someone who gives help or money to a plan or organisation 4. Use the words from exercise 3 to complete the sentences. 1 Tcouldn't find a the business. to put money into 2 Onttop of that, my business dropped out and gave me his shares. 3 People told me it wouldn’t work because there was no for the product. 4 However, all my suggested the opposite. 5 Twouldn’t have had any ‘would've been wide open. 6 Tent to the bank with a very good business so the 7 But they said I didn't have enough experience in theL =6 Power & Money Writing skills: presenting facts 5 There are certain expressions you can use when presenting a proposal. Write the second word in each sentence, using the words in the box. from proposal therefore 10 USP 1 Our_____is to open a restaurant. 2 According ___ our research, there is a demand for 3. Apart ____ catering for the office workers... 4 As___ competitors, there are currently, eight. 5 Our____will be the provision of national and international cooked breakfasts. 6 As___ consequence, we have a good working knowledge of the trade. 7 We_____believe we can open up a new marker, Preparing to write © Read the Writing task below. When preparing your proposal, refer to the list of points to inelude in exercise 2. Writing Think of the area in which you live. Is there a business that you think is needed? Imagine you want to start the business. Write a business proposal to show to a potential backer. Use the list of businesses below for ideas. restaurant pet shop / vet hairdressers café supermarket bookshop es ‘+ The provisional name for the business is ‘= There isa real need for ... in the area. ‘+ The majority of people in the area ... ‘Ihave experience in ... ‘+ Ihope you will be interested ...Grammar 1A soand such Complete the sentences using s or such. 1 That new coffee advert is 2 Think that advertising is ‘time. IfT want something I'll buy it anyway. clever, ‘a waste of 3 —________ much money is spent on advertising useless products. 4 The advert was strange that most people didn’t know what was being advertised, 5 Tetook a long time for the name of the product to appear in the advert. 6 Personally T think that product placement in films is pointless. Do people really buy a ‘watch simply because their favourite actor is ‘wearing one? 7 Advertisers used to compare products, but techniques are no longer allowed 8 There are few good adverts on TV nowadays. 9 Amemorable logo is. an important thing in today’s commercial worl. 10 Things change quickly in advertising, Ie’s important to keep up with the latest trends. Grammar 1B soand such Complete each sentence with s or such, 1 Thad 2. The film was fun at the cinema last week. good, but the best thing ‘were the trailers at the start. 3 Samantha walked round the store and there was much she wanted to buy. 6 Siena Oy hotca a tbeae alot to choose from. 5 ‘There's no thing as bad advertising’, the saying goes. 6 There are few places where I feel really at home, but this is one of them, 7 Advertising can have when done badly. negative effect vunit7 8 Whatyou said was surprised she’ still talking to you. 9. ve seen this film never get bored of i. nasty, I'm ‘many times, but I Grammar 2A Reporting statements and questions ‘Are these sentences correct () or incorrect (¥)? Circle the correct answer, 1 When we went to the 2oo they asked us if were wwe interested in snakes vx 2 Albert says he is fascinated by snakes, but I think he's crazy. vx 3 The book says not all poisonous snakes were deadly. vx 4 When I was young I put a spider in my sister's bed and my mother asked me why did I doit, WX 5. My sister cold her teacher whatThad done. = WX 6 The teacher wanted to know ifit is true. vx 7 Someone once told me that on average we swallowed eight spiders during our lifetime. WX My friend was bitten by a snake, but he said he'd be alright. vex Grammar 2B Reporting statements and questions Rewrite the questions in reported speech. 1 ‘Why is honey so sweet” she asked. She asked me 2 ‘Why do bees buzz? She wanted to know she asked. 3. ‘How do bees turn pollen into honey?” she asked. Sha lied ine! So ST 4 ‘Does honey help heal cuts?” she asked. She adlief meee tak SE 5. ‘Why does a bee die when it stings someone?” she asked. She wanted co know eee pelle gine sale oa bo She asked me estat, 7 ‘Will I die ifa bee stings me?" she asked. She asked me“7 Rhyme & Reason Grammar 3A Reporting verbs Choose the correct ending to complete the sentences. 1 You promised + t0 let me know what happened lastnight. It stands to reason Td be interested. letting me know what happened last night. It stands to reason I'd be interested. 2 Tracey denied + to know anything about the incident. knowing anything about the incident. 3 Sandra's teacher accused 4. her of cheating in the exam. 1» her that of cheating in the exam. 4 Steve agreed 2 that he was being totally unreasonable. he that was being totally unreasonable. 5 They insisted + to know the truth even when T told them they ‘wouldn't like it! + on knowing the truth even when T told them they wouldn't like it 6 rica reminded + of her husband that not everyone saw things the same way. ‘her husband that nor everyone saw things the same way. 7 Ina recent survey a number of people complained + that the quality of programmes on TV was filling. + to the quality of programmes on TV was filling. Grammar 3B Reporting verbs Complete the text with the reporting verbs in the box. accused confirmed admitted ash rofused said ‘assured claimed Earlier today the police (1) ‘that they had arrested a man in connection with an incident last night. The man was Q of breaking into a car and ‘causing criminal damage. At first the man (@)—___to have done nothing wrong, that the car was his. and (4) When the police (5) what colour the car was, he (6) that he didn't know and that, in fact, he didn’t own a car. The police (7) ‘the public that they were doing everything they could to solve the crime, but said that the man had (@)____to give his name and that this was holding up their inquiries. More to follow ... Vocabulary 1A Homophones Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Gircle the correct answer. 1 There was a loud grewn / groan from the audience when, he lose the game, “The weatber / whether in Britain is often wet and windy. ‘What did you iye / buy when you visited San Francisco? My brother's got fare /air hair and blue eyes. What size /sighs shoes do you wear? Tina stood on the deck of the ship and watched the sure / shore receding in the distance. 7 My mother used to read allowed /aloud to me when I was a child. 8 wish you wouldn't stare /star-at me. Tes very off-putting. vn? @)ee 7 Rhyme & Reason Vocabulary 1B Homophones ‘Complete the sentences with the correct word. The first letter is given for you. Be careful of your spelling. 1 Tlove ie when Tm new people. 2 How did you fall down the s__> 3. Pimsure Pve b- here before. 4 When the children are in bed, we enjoy the Vocabulary 2B Advertising ‘Complete the puzzle with words connected to advertising. f L | p—__and quiet. fr 5 Darren's a vegetarian so he doesn’t eat ra ators the coffee b. © Youneed 10 before ‘you ean use them. 7 In most countries you are not a__to drink and drive. Would you like another p. of cake? 9 They've just put up the £ ‘on the trains again. 1 Vocabulary 2A Advertising Complete the text about advertising with the words in the 6 box. There are two extra words you do not need. Across someone who buys and uses goods and services (8) someone you are trying to get asa customer cor audience (6) a symbol that represents an organisation or company (4) a large sign for advertising, often on a building or at the side of the road (9) a short phrase, usually with music, that is easy to billboard brand commercials consumers jingle Daa eae remember, used to advertise something on radio or TV (6) As (I) how do we make decisions about. Down what to buy? Faced with two jars of coffee, which dowe 1 choose? Do we just look at the price, or is there moreto 2 it? Any advertising agency can tell you that price is actually 3 less important than (2) recognition. Tf you recognise the name on the product and have a positive association, then you are more likely to buy it. ‘To help with recognition some techniques are known to work really well. Afterall, who doesn’t recognise the 3) for Apple computers? Some ‘companies also use a (4) , for example Nike's Just do it? Making (5) isn’t simple either, Not only do they cost a lot of money to produce, they can also be expensive to show on television. So picking the right time when your (6) be watching is the key to success. will ) uni an advertisement usually on TV or radio (10) a short phrase that is easy to remember (6) a produet or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular company (5)=] Rhyme & Reason Vocabulary 3 Idioms: knowing and not knowing Match the two parts of the sentences, 1 Whenever I want to know something T just look on the internet. Ie a real mine 2 Don't worry! We won'e get lost. [know this place like the back 3. Teenagers often learn the Iyris to their favourite song. 4 There’ no point asking me. I don’t have the faintest 5 Pm really not sure he knows what he’ talking 4 Tewas obvious that she didn't have a 7. She sat down to take the exam, but was completely out + about » byheart. «due. 4 idea. « ofher depth. of information. of my hand. Extend your vocabulary Ways of saying beautiful ‘Complete the sentences with a word meaning beauifi. ‘The first Ieter is given for you 1 Treally hate it when people say things like ‘He's a ar 2. You look absolutely g new outfit! 3. Acrecent scientific study reveals that most people think they are more a______ than they actually are. 4 You couldn't say hes h______, but he certainly s____in his own way. in chat 5. He was such a lovely baby it’ no wonder he’s grown up ie po eee ee en 6 Oh! You look really p____ in that dress. Listening The detectives 1.16 Listen to the radio programme and complete the sentences with the missing words 1 People chose Sherlock Holmes because of his character, 2 Detective Inspector Rebus wasa______ choice. 3 Lisheth Salander specialises in people. 4 She also has a______ memory. 5 Wallander was created by the ‘crime writer Henning Mankell. 6 He doesn't have many friends, drinks a lot and eats t00 food. much Pronunciation Homophones © 1.17 Listen to the words and decide if they are homophones or not. Tick (¥) the corresponding box. Nota Homophone | .nophone 1 here hear 2 sits seats 3 right write 4 hour our 5 not note 6 stare stair 7 wear were & brake — break 9 hair hear 10 way weighRhyme & Reason Reading ‘Elementary, my dear Watson’ 1 Which of these skills do you think are most important for a detective to have? Which are the least important? Put them in order from I (most important) — 5 (least important). a good memory the ability to tell when someone is lying Imowledge of past crime cases strong instincts / intuition confidence 2. Which of these skills do you think the character of Sherlock Foolmes had? 3 Write the words in the correct order. 1 a/ detective / fictional /is / name / of / Sherlock Holmes / the 2 and / Arthur Conan Doyle / author / by / created / He / physician / Scottish / Sir / the / was 3 and / are / biographer, / by / Dr / friend / Hoolmes’s / John H. Watson / Most / of / stories / the / told 4 appeared / enemy / famous / Final / His /in / Moriarty J most / Problem / Professor / The / was /who 4. Read the article and find the following names. 1 Amagazine, 2. The place where Holmes fought Moriarty. 3. The title of one of his darkest books. 5 Read the article again and answer these questions. 1 When did Conan Doyle use to write? 2 Who was the inspiration for the character? 3. When did Holmes become popular? 4 Why did Conan Doyle want to kill Holmes? s Did Holmes die at the Reichenbach Falls? 6 Inwhich story did he say ‘Elementary, my dear Watson’? 6 Choose the correct option. Circle the correct answer. 1 Conan Doyle admitted / refused that the character was partly based on one of his university professors. 2 He wrote to his mother and explained / told her that he was thinking of killing Holmes. 3. His mother begged / warned him that the public would not be happy about it. 4 Readers complained / reminded to the magazine that their hero had been killed. 5 Readers begged / insisted Conan Doyle to bring the detective back. 6 Conan Doyle confirmed / refused to revive Holmes for several years. 7 He later asured / explained that only Moriarty had fallen at the Falls # Inhis memoirs, Conan Doyle mentioned / refused that a reader thought the later stories were inferior. 7 Complete the phrases with the words in the box. back from in off on to 1 Hekilled his most famous creation. 2 The character was based - 2 professor, 3 Hee took his mind better things. 4 The characters fell their deaths. 5 They asked him to bring the detective. 6 He eventually gave and agreed 8 Read the article to check your answers to exercises 6 and 7.7 Rhyme & Reason ‘Elementary, my dear Watson’ ‘The Reichenbach Falls are a series of waterfalls in central Switzerland. In 1893, the Scottish physician and writer, Arthur Conan Doyle visited the Falls and decided they ‘would be the perfect place to kill off his most famous creation ~ Sherlock Holmes. ‘Conan Doyle had studied to be a doctor and started a medical practice in 1882. While hhe was waiting for patients to arrive he would write stories and it was in one of these, ‘Study in Scarlet, that the detective Sherlock Holmes first appeared. Conan Doyle later admitted that the character was partly based on one of his university professors. ‘The character of Sherlock Holmes became extremely popular when Conan Doyle's stories started being published in Strand Magesine in 1891, But Conan Doyle wanted ‘to write more serious historical novels. He wrote to his mother and told her that he ‘was thinking of killing Holmes. He wrote, ‘He takes my mind from better things’. His ‘mother warned him that the public would not be happy about it, and she was right. In The Final Problem, published in 1893, Holmes met his enemy, Professor Moriarty, at the Reichenbach Falls where they both struggled and apparently fell to their deaths. The public reaction was instant as readers complained to the magazine that their hero had been killed. Readers begged Conan Doyle to bring the detective back. Conan Doyle refused to revive Holmes for several years, but eventually gave in and agreed to bring him back. In 1901 he published one of Sherlock Holmes’ darkest cases, ‘The Hound of the Baskervilles. He later explained that only Moriarty had fallen at the Fells and that Holmes was now ready to face new enemies. In his memoirs, Conan Doyle mentioned that a reader thought the later stories were inferior to the ones written before the Reichenbach Falls incident. According to the reader, Holmes may not have been killed at the Falls, but he wasn’t the same man afterwards. Sherlock Holmes appeared in a total of 56 short stories and four novels. Curiously, {n all those stories he never said his most famous words ~ ‘Elementary, my dear ‘Watson’. Isa ease of one of the most famous misquotes of all time. Conan Doyle would have been amused. Glossary hyleian four) ~a doctor revive (vr) —10 make someone bacome conscious or alveagan ‘struggle ve) to uso your erongth to oh aganet ‘someone or something ‘waterfall nour)~ place wher water fons over the ‘edge of ot or the steep plaos ert anoter ve belowa Rhyme & Reason Writing An advert to sell an item Reading 1 Answer the questions. 1 Have you bought anything from an internet auction site like eBay™? Iso, what was it? Were you pleased with it? Did the buying process go smoothly? 2 Have you ever sold anything on an online auction site? Tso, what was it? Did it sell for the price you were expecting? If not, would you consider selling something in this way? 2 Read two adverts from an internet auction site. Which ‘one do you think does a better job of selling the item? Why? Advert 1 1985 Marlin Acoustic Guitar in excellent condition 1'm seling one of my most treasured possessions, & 1985 Marin acoustic guitar. Ihave cherished and cared {or this instrument singe | bought it new in 1986, and ‘am only saling it because a recent accident has left me ‘unable to play. ll be extremely somy to see it go, and | hope that its new owner wil continue to look after It well This is a used guitar, but | have keot itn perfect working order. The necks straight and the action is low with no ‘ret buzz, and it sounds wonderful, with deep bass notes, snd it looks amazing too. There Is @ cleery visible soratch fon the back, but this does not affact the sound quality in any way. Please see the second close-up photo. Apart ‘rom that isin excellent condition and it has no other Visible damage, ‘To give you some techrical details, it has a solid spruce top and the top and sides are made of sold indian rosewood. The guiter comes with a hard case that wil allow it to be transported in an aircraft hold without being damaged, Advert 2 Racer 3500 PX laptop for sale I need to get more powerful laptop, so 'm selling my old one. Ir's a Racer 3500 PX and I bought it new around three years ago. As you can see from the photo, iin pretty good condition, One or two of the keys stick a little, but apart from that it works well. There is a small mark on the screen from when I dropped it one day, but its hardly visible because it’ in the top right-hand corner. Ican send a photo if you'd like to see “To see the computer’ specifications, go to: sacer.com/3500 PX. As you'll see, its gota fairly big hard disk and a decent processor, but its not really suitable for video editing, which is what I need todo. 3 Complete this table with information from the adverts and circle the correct options. Advert 1 [Advert 2 Product Product clear [Yes/No Yes/No from headline Condition New/Used |New / Used Age Photos provided | Yes/No Yes/No ‘Damage / defects ‘Reason for selling Specific details [Yes/No Yes/No included Writing skills: describing an item 4. Bach of these sentences about the condition of the icems contains one language mistake. Can you correct them? Read the adverts again to check your answers. | Thave kept it in perfect work order. ‘There isa clear visible scratch on the back. Tt has no other visible damages. Ies in a pretty good condition. One or two of the keys stick a little, but apart from that it works good. 6 There’ a small mark on the screen hardly seen, _bueit’7 Rhyme & Reason 5 Write one word in each gap to complete the firs seller’ personal feelings about the item. Then look again at Advert 1 to check. 1 Timselling one of my most ____ possessions. 2 Thave cherished and cared______ this instrument since I bought it. 3 Tithe extremely __to see it go. 4+ Lhope that its new owner will continue to look icwell. 5 Tt___ wonderful, with deep bass notes, and it__ amazing too. Preparing to write 6 Read the Writing task below: Choose two possessions to sell and write adverts that will make people want to buy them. Include the information in the table in exercise 3, and include your personal feelings about the items. Then think of a clear, descriptive headline for each advert. Writing Imagine you need to sell two of your possessions. Write adverts to post at an online auction site. seful language ‘am only selling it because .. + Please see the close-up photos. ‘To give you some technical details, ‘= Itcomes with “= As you can see from the photo, ... ‘+ To s00 the specifications, go to: + As you'll see, it's got ...Grammar 1A Conditional structures Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Even if Thad enough money ‘Anyone can live here ‘There’ no way you'll get rich ‘You can spend what you want Unless you're more careful As long as there are things to buy It’s a waste of money Providing you promise to pay me back if you carry on spending like that. » unless you have money to burn, you'll end up with nothing. 4 Twouldn't waste it on chat. ¢ Pllend you the money you need. £ aslongas you have the money. # providing they can afford it she'll carry on spending. Grammar 1B Conditional structures ‘Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. 1 Even if / Providing you wanted to, you couldn’. 2 Aslongas / Unless you make more effort, there's no way you'll succeed. 3, ldo it providing / unless Pve got the time. 4 Nothing will go wrong as long as / even if you do what I say. 5. She won't talk to you providing /wntess you apologise to her. 6 Aslong as / Even if you don't give wp, nobody will be "upset with you. 7 He won't help even if / providing you ask him. Grammar 2A Unreal conditionals Look at these things that Jana says about her life. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answers, 1 TF Lspake / had spoken perfect English I could be getting / eta better job. 2 [ET haven’ met / han’r met Pavel, [wouldn't be /have been married now. 3 Leould have been / bad been a dancer, if I haven't / hadn't stopped taking ballet classes when was 12, 4 IF Lived /ad lived in the US now, Pm sure my life would be /Aave been different. 5 My younger sister would go / have gone to the UK last year if she took / shell taken a job as an au pair. 6 ELknew / Ta now what I know now, Td pay / have paid ‘more attention at school. 7 Even if Tana / bad been winning the lottery, I don't think 'd be /bave been any happier. 8 fTstudied / bad studied harder when I was at school, I'd be / bad been at university now. Grammar 2B Unreal conditionals Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1 Ifyou had asked me, T would — (eld you what I thought. 2 Mariam would be happy if Jali back) for her. 3. IfTworked here, I'm sure I would ike) i. 4 Sammy would have laughed if he (bear) what you said. 5 TfThadn'c forgotten to fill in my lottery ticket, I would (le) celebrating right now. 6 Charles would be rich if everybody (61) his book. 7 If Gregor had asked me to marry him, [ would (6m) yes. (comeDreams & Reality Grammar 3A Regrets Are these sentences correct (V) or incorrect (X)? Circle your answer. 1 I wish I hadn't listen to her. 2 Ifonly Td paid attention when I was at school. 3 I should have told her how I felt before it was XS xx too hate. vx 4 What a pity you hadn't tell me earlier. vx 5 [don't regret anything that had happened. = WX 6 Iwish I'd known her when we were young. = WX 7 Ishould have went home earlier. vx Grammar 3B Regrets Complete the sentences with the words in the box. ate eaten made making taken telling told took 1 Isa pity it so long. 2 don't regret him how I felt. 3 Ifonly Ihadn't so much last night. 4 should have ‘more of an effort. 5 Twish you'd sme earlier. 6 Isa pity you all the cake. 7 Tfonly ithadn' so long to get there. 8 Doyouregret such 2 fool of yourself? Vocabulary 1 Imagination Choose the correct option to complete the sentences: about imagination. Circle the correct answer. 1 Mariam used to look out of the window and daydream / ‘pretend / suppose about what could have been. 2 Asa child T'd often daydream / pretend / fantasise to be a princess. 3 Tjust can't picture / suppose / wonder you living anywhere else. This is where you belong. 4 Most people fimtasse / pretend / picture about being rich and famous at some point in their life. 5 Don’t you ever daydream /fantasse / wonder what it would be like to live somewhere else? 6 [don’t pretend /suppose /wonder that anyone can really imagine what Mariam’ life must have been like. Vocabulary 2 Phrases with real ‘Complete the sentences with the correet form of the word real. ain from fiction. it’s often difficult to tell fact 2. Tes time you started living in the 3. This really doesn’t bear any relation to 4 Tean't tell if this is the good fake 5. The way some people distort their beliefs is incredible. 6 How do we know this is for simply made up using special effects? Vocabulary 3A Life experiences (collocations) Complete the sentences with the words in the box. world. thing or avery oft and not find follow have live mark pay quit ‘My parents always told me it was important to a dream and never to have any regrets. 2. As soon as you your feet in life something else comes along to knock you off them! 3 Weasier to your job than to give up smoking. 4 Why is it chat many people a special occasion by drinking too much and waking up not remembering anything about it? 5 Don't aie. At least be honest with yourself, « You a responsibility, but to yourself first and foremost. 7 Why should T ‘your mistakes?! the penalty for5 Dreams & Reality Vocabulary 3B Life experiences (collocations) Complete each situation with a word or phrase from the box. There are four extra words or phrases you do not need aball advice allthe bills an occasion forthe moment happiness responsibilty the penalty time tuelove uni 1 Tom's motto is live and forget about tomorrow. Sylvia’ having , but sooner or later she’ going to have to face reality 3 Yvonne found the course too hard so she quit. and got a job. 4 Ifyou'd followed my in this situation now, you wouldn't be 5) By the time Rashid had paid he had ‘no money left for food. 6 Ana thought she'd found when she met Marek. 7 Pete's just marking travel around the world. until he sets off to Extend your vocabulary 1 Metaphors for the mind as a container Complete the sentences with the words in the box. back crossed empty fixed open’ 1 There was just this idea at the — of my mind that something might be wrong, but I didn’t know what it was. 2 When things get too hectic I go for a long walk and ay ado woe thinking about anything. 3 Once she gets an idea in her ‘mind its almost impossible to persuade her to do anything different. 4 Tenever even my mind. It’s great not to be my mind that he might have been lying. 5. Tes important to keep a(n) try to accept new things you encounter. ‘mind and Extend your vocabulary 2 Truth and lies Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. 1 They claimed they weren't being dishonest, simply stretching the lies /sruth. 2 Panorama isa British documentary programme which sets out to expose lies /rruth people have told, for ‘example in business and government. Everyone tells fs / ruth, but not everyone gets caught. ‘The minute she learnt the fies /trutb she burst into tears. was telling les / the ruth, but nobody would believe me! Ie time you faced the Hes / truth and admitted that you've made lots of mistakes. 7 Some people are really good at making up lies /the ruck and don't seem to think that it wrong in any way. 8 We filmed undercover in an attempt to reveal lies / the orutb, Listening The truth about lying 1.18 Listen to the radio programme and decide if the sentences are true (7) or false (F). Circle the correct answer. 1 The speaker mentions three different surveys. T/F 2 If children lie, they won't become such successful adults, T/F 3. By the age of four almost 90 per cent of children lie. TIF 4. The average man in Britain tells lies three times a day. TR | Women lie more often than men. TIP 6 People tell white lies to avoid hurting the other person. TIE Pronunciation Stress: phrases with real 491.19 Liscen and underline the stressed words. 1 You don't have to lie to distort reality 2 How do you know ifsomething is the real thing ora fake? Documentaries are about the real world In reality, there no such thing as absoluce ruth, can’t believe that this is for rel. Sometimes things seem to bear no relation to what we already know:The power of dreams 2 Read the article and choose the best description. ohne hence mee eee + The interpretation of dreams and how they affect our relationships with people and work. The differences between REM and NREM sleep patterns and their effect on dreams. © How sleep and dreams can affect the way we How many hours a night do you normally sleep? 2 Doyou ever have a short nap (sleep) during the di 3, How well do you remember your dreams? successfully complete different tasks. 4 Doyou ever dream about your work or studies? The power of dreams Researchers at the Harvard Medical School have been looking at how sleeping and reaming affect the way we perform certain tasks. Previous research has already shown that a person who has a nap after learning a task will be able to complete the task better when they wake up than a person who doesn't sleep. Now it has been revealed that if the person dreams about the task while they are asleep then they will be able to perform it even better, In other words, fa student stays up all night to revise for an exam then he or she won't do as well as a student who combines their study with sleep. But the student who will do best in the exam is the one who sleeps and dreams providing the dreams are related to ‘what he or she is learning, ‘The time we are asleep is divided into different periods. These periods are known as REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep. During. ‘REM periods our dreams are more vivid and intense and easier to remember when we wake up. Brain activity is also higher. According to Associate Professor Robert Stickgold, a memory and dream researcher at the Harvard Medical School in Boston, there's convincing evidence that when we dream, the brain is making connections that help us learn what we have been learning previously. Tes possible that in the future some courses will incorporate short sleeping sessions as part of the learning process. The power nap is now an established practice in the professional world even if it’ frowned upon in some cultures. Iv3 only a matter of time before a short sleep is common while studying. And if our dreams can be controlled to relate in some way to what we are Jearning then our learning potential will | Glossary increase even more. ‘We know that we can't live without sleep. frown upon (vasa ver) ~ to nt approve of someting nap noun) ~ short sewo, usualy during the day Research has shown that animals die unless they have sleep almost as quickly as if they don’t have food. But the reasons why we sleep and why we dream while we're asleep are still a mystery. ower nap (noun ~a shert sleep during the day that gves someone, especialy a businessman or businesswoman, ere anergy tak (noun = someting that you have to do often someting thats ificult or unplossant6 Dreams & Reality 3 Read the article again and decide if the sentences are true (7) or false (F), Circle the correct answer and correct the false sentences. 1 New research has revealed that someone who has a nap after learning a task will be able to complete the task better: TIF 2 Dreams aren’t so vivid and intense during REM sleep. TIF 3 Evidence exists that the brain helps us learn things when we are dreaming. TIF 4 The power nap is not well-considered in some cultures. 5 Animals can live for extremely long periods without sleep. We are quickly discovering the mysteries of sleep and dreams, TIP TIF T/E s Match the sentence halves. A person who has 2 nap after learning a task Ifa student stays up all night to revise for an exam fa person dreams about a task while they are asleep The student who will do best in the exam is the one who sleeps and dreams 5 The power nap is now an established practice in the professional world 6 If our dreams can be controlled to relate in some way to what we are leaning + then he or she won't do as well asa student who combines their study with sleep. » even if ts frowned upon in some cultures. «will be able to complete the task better when they. wake up. 4 then they will be able to perform it even better © providing the dreams are related to what he or she is learning. € then our learning potential will increase even more. 5. Read the article again to check your answers to exercise 4. Unita 6 Write the missing words. ‘There’ (1) c__ evidence that when we dream, the brain is making connections that help us learn what we have been learning previously. ts possible that in the future some courses will incorporate short sleeping sessions as part of the @)L_ process. ‘The power nap is now an (3) e____ practice in the (4) p in some cultures. ‘world even ifits frowned upon If our dreams can be controlled to relate in some way to what we are learning then our (5) _____ potential will increase even more. 7 Give your reactions to the sentences in exercise 6. 1 Do you believe the researchers? 2 Do you think power naps are a good thing? 3 Do you think learning courses will include sleeping sessions in the future? Is ita good or bad idea in your opinion?8 Dreams & Reality Writing Expressing complaints tactfully in writing Reading 1 Answer the questions. 1 Have you had to complain about someone's behaviour recently? Ifso, why did you complain? Did your complaint resolve the situation? 2 When was the last time someone complained about your behaviour? How was the complaint made? Did you change your behaviour as a result of the complaint? 2 Read the three complaints. Are any of them similar to the situations you thought of in exercise 1? 1 ‘There's something 've been meaning to talk to you about, but haven't found the right moment. The fact is, I've had some complaints about your behaviour in the office. They're to do with making private phone calls. Obviously, there’ nothing wrong with you using the phone for private purposes from time to time, but I hear that calls have been frequent and. have involved heated arguments. We all understand that i’ stressful to be going through personal difficulties, but could Task you to keep private calls to a minimum, and leave the office if they're absolutely unavoidable? Thope you can see my point of view on this, and lees talk things over if that would help. ‘We've never met formally, but 'm the neighbour from the flat above yours. 'm writing because I ‘wanted to bring up the subject of noise at night. You're all students, so Tknow you tend to stay ‘up late, but would you mind keeping your music down at night? The thing is, Ihave to get up at six every morning, and your music is keeping me awake beyond midnight. I'm not disputing your right to have your music on, but if you could tum. the volume down after L1pm that would be much appreciated. ‘Thanks in advance, ‘We haven't coincided this week, so Thaven't had the chance to say this to you in person, but I think. need to mention the housework. Tean see you're really busy right now, but could you at least try to ‘wash up your things? If you could clean the kitchen surfaces too that would be great, Don't get me ‘wrong, I'm not complaining about the housework ‘you do in general, but after a long night at the hospital, the last ching I want to do is have to clean dirty dishes before I can prepare a quick meal and crawl into bed. Thanks, 3 Match each complaint to the form it was probably written in, Lewer__ Note Email___ Writing skills (1): introducing a difficult topic tactfully 4 Complete each extract from the complaints with one word. a 1 There's something I've been m_____to talk to youabout. 2 Pm writing because Tw. to bring up the subject of . 3 Thaven't had the c_____to say this to you in person, but . 4 The £____is, 've had some complaints about your behaviour. ‘The t__ is, Ihave to get up at six every morning. T think I need to m____________ the housework. We all u___ that it’s stressful to be going through personal difficulties. Tk_____ you tend to stay up late. Tean s____ you're really busy right now. 0. there’ nothing wrong with you using the phone for personal purposes. Pm not d____ your right to have your music on. 12 Don't get me w___, 'm not complaining about the housework you do. Unis5 Dreams & Reality 5 Match each group of extracts (AD) in exercise 4 with ‘one of the functions below. Write the correct letter next to the functions —— Showing you understand the other persons’ circumstances. —— Preparing the reader fora difficult topic. —— Recognising the other person’ rights or efforts. Introducing a problem tactfully. Writing skills (2): making polite requests 6 Puc the words in the correct order to make polite requests. Then read the complaints again to check your answers. 1 private calls /could / you / toa minimum / ask /1/ keep /t0/? 2 mind / down at night / keeping / would / your / you / music /? 3. much appreciated / if / that / the volume / turn / be / ‘could / would / down / you / 4 atleast / things / try / your / wash up / you / to / could BR 5 would / you / the kitchen surfaces / that / clean / be / could /if/ great / too /. 7 Which two requests are grammatically different from the others? Why are they expressed this way? Preparing to write 8 Read the Writing task below and think of or invent ‘ovo situations you want to complain about. For each one, think about which would be the best form to express your complaint —a letter, note or email. Wri ‘Write to complain tactfully about two different situations, Peo —— * We've never met formally, but * The complaints are to do with . * hear that... * I hope you can see my point of view. * Let's tlk things over if that would help. ‘= Thanks in advance, Unit 8Grammar 1A Phrasal verbs ‘Complete the sentences with the words in the box. There are two extra words that you do not need, across after down for off over to up 1 Iwouldn’t stand that if L were you. Tell her to do it herself, 2 Paulo stood at the top of the building and looked. Below him the people looked like tiny ants. 3. Please, give it to her. Maybe she'll stop crying then! 4 Boris came an old letter that his father had written to him years before 5 On the 14th of March the group set on their epic journey. 6 Iesno good looking me for the answer. I didn’t even ‘understand the question! 7 I'm going to have to think your suggestions and I'll let you know tomorrow. Grammar 1B Phrasal verbs ‘Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Circle the correet answer. 1 Rani will be fine, she’s gone so much through / gone through so nruch already. 2 Don't rush! Its important to think through it / think it through frst. 3 Once you've set off / set it offit's best to keep going. 4 That isn't yours. I want you to give back it / give it back to the people it belongs to. 5 There’ no point moaning about it. Just pick up yourself / ‘pick yourself up and start again. 6 Te seldom come acrass such a nice group / come such a nice _group across of people before. 7 After Katarina had her accident her fiends looked after er (looked her after until she was better. 8 Once the fuss has all died devon / died it dton everything will go back to normal Grammar 1€ Phrasal verbs Are these sentences correct (V) or incorrect (X)? Circle your answer. 1 After thinking things over I've decided to accept your offer. vx 2 Once the flames had died it down we were able to see what damage the fire had done. vx 3 Mary looked her elderly relative after and found it very tiring. ae: 4 Once you've gone through something like that you never forget it. ax 5 I'd come the story across of the Phoenix before and. always thought it was some kind of metaphor. WX. 6 Don't pick up it T think its poisonous. vx 7 Can you give this book back to Jerry? vx Grammar 2A Verbs with to and -ing Choose the correct verh form to complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer. 1 Do you regret coming / 1 come here? 2. We regret informing /t inform you that you have not been accepted for the course. 3 Ron stopped listening / to listen to what his wife said a Jong time ago. 4 Diana forgot rellng / tell us that she was going to be late. 5 Teried paying / 10 pay, but they just wouldn't ake my money! 6 Do you remember asking / 0 ask him? 1 The sounds of birdsong were so lovely we stopped listening /to listen to them for about an hour. 8 Last year I wied rock climbing / 10 rock climb, but T discovered that I’m scared of heights.~) Rise & Fall Grammar 2B Verbs with fo and -ing Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 always remember (1) (sit) my aunt and uncle who live in Cornwall. They lived on a farm and it was great. But one time, | must have been around eight, my holiday started really badly. We'd driven down from London, but had stopped (2) (est) once or twice on the way down because the journey was so long. By the time we arrived it was dark and it was difficult to see much. | remember (@)___ ger) out of the car and stepping straight into a big puddle. | immediately regretted (4) (wear) my best shoes as they were ruined by the mud and water. My mother tried (6) (Clean) them, but it was hopeless. Apparently I didn’t stop (6) ___ ery) or hours afterwards. semen! Vocabulary 1A Word formation: nouns and adjectives Put the words into the correct category. architecture comparable ingenuity inspiration inspiretional prosperty prosperous region symbolic unprecedented Noun Adjective Unita Vocabulary 1B Word formation: nouns and adjectives Complete the sentences with the correct word. The first letter is given for you. 1 In the past 30 years there's been an u______inerease in the number of skyserapers built 2. In fact, it's become something of ag phenomenon. 3 Many of these buildings are seen as s of wealth and p. 4 Ws the a diamonds or fast cars. equivalent of buying. 5) The largest increase has been in one © ~ the Middle East. 6 The designs for many of these are quite 7 Ofcourse, the one thing that has made all of this p________is oi. What happens when that runs out? Vocabulary 2 Collocations with rise Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Gircle the correct answer. 1 Sam needed to rise /nzse his voice so that everyone ‘ould hear him over the noise of the engine. As the temperature rove / rated people started to look for somewhere cool to st. 3 The tide was rising / raising so quickly the people were in danger of drowning. 4 Itb more expensive to rise /ruse children than ever before. 5 Anumber of people have risen / raised the same problem, so what are we going to do about it? 6 The recent rise / ve in prices has meant more people are finding it dificult to buy a house. 7 As tensions rise /raise the fear of violence increases. 8 We're having 2 party to try and rise /zaise Sophie's spirits after the terrible week she's had.-9 Rise & Fall Vocabulary 3 Cause and result ‘Complete the text about the decline of the Maya with the words and phrases in the box. ited in led to ly dueto triggers cconseqt Is often difficult to know exactly what (1) ______ the decline of a great civilisation like that of the Maya. Often its @) ‘a combination of events and not one particular thing. In recent years, some scientists have claimed that changes in the climate (3) catastrophic failures in crops and that, (4) civilisations like the Maya faced starvation, Added to this was contact ‘with people from outside which (3) exposure to new diseases that wiped out huge numbers and helped bring this once great civilisation to its knees. Vocabulary 4 Falling ‘Choose the correct option to complete the text. Circle the ‘correct answer. ‘Kevin stood up quickly and (1) landed /lurebed / slipped ‘uncontrollably towards the door. He'd forgotten about the steps and (2) collapsed / ured / slipped on his way down, then (3) landed / lst his balance / slipped on the ground with a thump. ‘Ouch,’ he said. He got back up and made his way as quietly as he could towards the gate, One more obstacle before he finally reached the edge of the field where he could look up at the stars. He took one step out onto the narrow bridge and (4) landed / lot bis balance / lurched, falling into the stream. Ten minutes later he made his way back to bed and (5) collapsed / lurched / slipped onto it with a big sigh, Extend your vocabulary 1A Words with re- ‘Write the correct word to complete each sentence. 1 The image of a phoenix being is used in many cultures. + refuelled & reborn recharged 2 Greg hoped that Amy would_____ her decision, + reconsider refill «reschedule 3. After failing her exams Lucy hed to___ them. a rebuild reset. crest 4, Timo tired I need to take a holiday and —______ my batteries a recharge 6 refill reset 5 Nowadays we are encouraged to______as much of our rubbish as possible. a rebuild recycle ¢ rekindle 6 Doyou mind. the meeting for 9am tomorrow? a resetting resitting ¢ rescheduling 7 Keiko and Kanji spent the weekend together, but it didn’t their love for one another. a recharge rekindle «reset 8 This coffee’s lovely. Do you mind if I have a rebuil » refuel © refill° Rise & Fall Extend your vocabulary 1B Words with re- ‘Match the words to the definitions. reconsider refill rekindle resit reschedule recycle reset to change waste materials such as paper and glass so that they can be used again » to make you start feeling or thinking about something that you have not thought about for a long time © to press a special button or to make changes so that a machine will work again 4 to put another amount of something into a container that was already full, ut is now empty to think again about a decision in order to decide if you should change it 1 tochange the time when something is planned to happen to take an examination again after failing it previously Listening A unique building 1.20 Listen to a conversation about a famous building and tick (V) the correct answer to the questions. 1 Which building took 14 years to build? a The Reichstag » The Sydney Opera House 2 Which year marks the 100th anniversary of Gaudts death? «2017 » 2026 3 Was Gaudf the first architect to work on the Sagrada Familia? + No. & Yes, 4+ When were a lot of Gauds models and papers destroyed? a Omhis death in 1926. » During the Civil War. 5 Why does Jordi think the building is so popular? 4 Because its stil being constructed. Because itis controversial. 6 Where does the money come from to build it? 1 The tourists who visitit » The government and church, Pronunciation Stress: stressed syllables 1.21 Listen to the pairs of words. Are the stressed syllables the same or different? Put a tick (¥) in the corresponding box. [Noun [Adjective [Same [Different 1 [symbol symbolic 2 [region regional 3 [prosperity [prosperous [+ [comparison [comparable 5 [inspiration [inspirational jéJingenuity [ingenious 7 [possibility | possibleCob: ) Rise & Fall Reading The test of time 1. Complete the table, using the names in the box. Alexander the Great Bertin Delhi France Greece Julius Caesar Mongolia Paris Rameses I Samargand Washington Civilisation [Leader [Capital Egypt Thebes Napoleon Bonaparte Germany, Friedrich the Great [Athens India | Mohandas Gandhi Genghis Khan Rome Rome United States Abraham Lincoln 2 Read the first three paragraphs of the article on page 66 to complete the factfile. 1 Game title: 2 Type of game 3 Aim: 4 Player’ role: 5. How to start: 3. Complete the sentences with verbs from the box. build conquer develop negotiate recruit trade Players can (1) craftsman, scientists, artisans and advisers to help them. They have to @ their neighbours and @) with some of history's most famous rulers. They have to (4) objects and land, and (5) tools and technology. During the ‘Wonders of the World. same, they (6) woe Read the article to check your answers to exercise 3. Match the words with the definitions, adviser artisan craftsman ruler scientist ‘aman who makes beautiful or practical objects using: his hands someone who is trained in science, especially someone whose job is to do scientific research a worker who has special skill and training, especially one who makes things someone whose job is to give advice on subjects they know a lot about, for example polities or financial matters someone who controls a country Answer the questions in your own words. Do you ever play board or computer games? Which do ‘you prefer? Have you ever played a game like the one described in the article? Ifyou were going to play the game, which civilisation would you choose from exercise 1 and why?Rise & Fall nei The test of time Ifyou know the names The Battle for Wesnoth, Silent Storm and Advance Wars then you are probably a fan of computer games. Many of the first computer games were based on traditional board games in which players took turns to move around a playing board and complete tasks. In the computer game versions, players would take turns to play with the computer. ‘One of the most famous turn-based computer games is Civilization which first appeared {in 1991 and is still going strong today. The aim of the game isto ‘build an empire to stand the test of time’. In the game, the player takes on the role of the ruler of a civilisation. The first thing the player has to do is choose which historical civilisation to create. These can include the Aztecs, the Mongols and the Romans. Each civilisation is led by a historical figure, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Julius Caesar. The game begins in 4000 BC and can last until AD 2100, At the beginning there are no cities anywhere in the world. The player has to build an empire starting with just one Settler unit. To help them they can recruit crafisman, scientists, artisans and advisers. Apart from having to conquer their neighbours, players have to negotiate with some of history’s most famous rulers, trading objects and land, deciding if they are a friend or an enemy. They have to develop tools and technology, from the wheel to space flight. However, they also have to compete with up to six other civilisations. During the game, players can build Wonders of the World in the different time periods, ‘These range from the Pyramids and the Great Wall in the Ancient age, to the Apollo space program and the United Nations in the modern era. Glossary Since the game first appeared there Spee have been many sequels including ieee CT ea el frase uc wen pa crc Civilization Revolution. The game has | Soin evong prac) - sucessh or hea, and been one of the most popular strategy | omg well games of all time, and was named one | erat vert) to ot someone ta help yuo de something of the 16 most influential games trad (at) =o by or sl goods oeices in history. unit 9=) Rise & Fall Writing A letter to a newspaper Reading 1 Answer these questions. 1 What different forms of public transport are available where you live? 2 Which, if any, do you use on a regular basis? 3. In what ways could public transport be improved in your area? 2 Read the letter to a newspaper and answer the questions. 1 Which forms of transport does the writer mention? 2 Do you think the writer is young, middle-aged or older? Is she for or against the City Council's new proposal? ‘A step back in time? am writing in response to yesterday's announcement by the City Couneil of its latest scheme to improve the transport system in our city with the introduction of a new tramline ‘While I am all in favour of encouraging people to use public transport rather than cars, 'm not convinced that the tram is the best solution, ‘Moreover, I have read in the papers that the proposed tram scheme will cost an estimated ££600m. I would like to suggest that this money could be better spent on improving our existing transport system. Firstly, we could give the city a fleet of next generation environmentally friendly buses. We have cone of the best bus services in the world, but many of the buses are old and in need of replacement. Secondly, the Council could create more eycle Janes. When it launched the City-Bike scheme five years ago, it went out of its way to convince us that cycling was the future for transport in the city. Although Tagree that bieycles are cleaner and quieter than cars, like many pedestrians, I often have to share the pavement with cyclists who wrongly assume they have the same rights as us. If there were ‘more eycle lanes, maybe the city would be a safer place to walk in. ‘Thirdly, could we not do more to keep cars out of the city centre? I think its wrong to assume that drivers will switch to using the tram when it arrives. ‘When the bike scheme started, it was the buses that lose passengers and revenue. Drivers will continue driving until we make it an unattractive option. Finally, I don’t want to show my age, but Iam old ‘enough to remember when we used to have trams in the city in the 1950s. How stupid we were to ___get rid of them. If only we'd known then how ‘environmentally friendly they were and how much. ‘we'd need them in the future. I wonder who was responsible for removing the original network of tramnlines - the City Council by any chance? 3 Complete the sentences in your own words. ‘The City Council is proposing to ... “The scheme is expected to cost .. ‘The writer is suggesting ... Her first proposal is She goes on to suggest .. She thinks the money could also be spent on presenting an argument 4 When you are presenting an argument, its important to include both sides and indicate what you agree and disagree with. It’ also important to present the argument clearly and calmly. Complete the missing words and then check your answers with the letter. 1 W. Tam all in favour of encouraging people to use public transport rather than cars, 'm not that the tram is the best solution. 2 M____,Thave read in the papers that the proposed tram scheme will cost an estimated £600m. Iwould like ts could be better spent on improving our existing transport system. 3 A___Tagree that bicycles are cleaner and ‘quieter than cars, like many pedestrians, I often have to share the pavement with cyclists who wrongly that this money a________ they have the same rights asus.-) Rise & Fall Writing skills (2): adding irony 5 Read the last paragraph of the letter. Do you think she’s being serious when she talks about how stupid people were jin the past? 6 Irony isa form of humour in which you use words to express the opposite of what the words really mean. In what ways is the writer being ironic? Preparing to write 7 Read the Writing task below. Remember to present a balanced argument in a clear and calm way. Try to include a touch of irony if you can. Writing ‘Think of a new scheme that is being proposed where you live or choose one of the options below. Write a letcer to a newspaper explaining why you are in favour of or against the scheme. new transport scheme smoking ban charging drivers to enter the city centre making downloads illegal banning English words ees ‘* 1am writing in response to ‘I'm not convinced that ... ‘+ | would like to suggest that .. * Although | agree that * | think it’s wrong to assume that ee unt aGrammar 1A Relative clauses Read the sentences. Do they contain defining (D) or non- defining (VD) relative clauses? Circle the correct answer. 1 Tears which are produced to protect the eyes are known as Basal tears. D/ND 2 Tears that have a cleansing function have fewer hormones than those produced by emotions. _D/ND 3A person whose parmer cries a lot is also more likely to ery. 4 Prolactin, which isa hormone, is involved in stress and is an important factor in erying and laughter. 5 Men who ery a lot are often seen as weak in D/ND D/ND ‘many cultures. D/ND 6 Women, who have high levels of prolactin, are more likely to ery than men, D/ND 7. The tear ducts, which are in the comer of your eyes, help tears drain away. D/ND Grammar 1B Relative clauses Complete the sentences with the relative pronouns in the box. that which who whose 1 Professor Randolph Cornelius, ______ books include Research and Tradition in the Paychology of Emotion and The Science of Emotion, will be giving a lecture at the university next week. 2 His ideas, have been widely publicised, are certainly controversial. 3 Researchers have been studying people's reactions to crying say it is now becoming far more acceptable to ery in public. 4 Research by Professor Shields, carried out between 2006 and 2008, has revealed some interesting facts. 5 Recent research shows that people cay regularly are more likely to be emotionally well-balanced. 6 Films ‘make people ery are usually more popular with women than men. 1 Men who cry when they are sad are often viewed positively, ‘may come as a surprise to many people. Grammar 2A Present participle clauses Rewrite the underlined phrases using a participle clause. 1 After she had talked to John about the situation she made a decision. to John about the situation she made a decision. 2 Because she feared the worst, Elaine pretended that nothing had happened. the worst, Elaine pretended that nothing had happened. 3. Tabitha broke down after she had heard the news Tabitha broke down the news 4+ While we waited for Pete to arrive we had a cup of tea. for Pete to arrive we had a cup of tea. 5 Tthink it would be worth checking out what really happened hefore you say anything. T think it would be worth checking out what really happened —______ anything 6 Ray hadn't said anything to his wife because he hadn’t ‘wanted to upset her. Ray hadn't said anything to his wife, 10 upset her. 7 When she discovered what had happened, Patsy immediately rang her mum. eens! ‘what had happened, Patsy immediately rang her mum. unit10Tears & Laughter Grammar 2B Present participle clauses 1 Match the two parts of the sentences. Smiling, she took the glass and ‘es; Tanswered and knowing she was the one for Hearing her voice Seeing the girl across the room ‘Then, looking around Handing her the glass, I poured another glass of wine and walked over. she said, ‘Are you all alone?" Isaid “Hi, P'm Tom and you are ...?” me I said, ‘But not anymore? © replied. Pm Melanie.” £ Thnew Iwas in love. 2 Now put the sentences in the correct order to make the story. Grammar 3A Emphasising cleft sentences Choose the correct option to complete the sentences Circle the correct answer. 1 Its/The thing / What that really annoys me is when. people start gigeling for no reason atall. 2 Its / The thing / What many people find amusing doesn't make me laugh at all 3. It /The thing / What only certain comedians who make me laugh, 4 Its/The thing / What often makes me laugh is other people’ stupidity 5. Ies/The thing / What that Iwill always remember is my first night up on stage 6 Ie The thing / What was may dad’s interest in stand-up comedy that led to me becoming a comedian. 1 Iek/The thing /Whar that audiences often seemed to like was my ability to make fun of myself, Grammar 3B Emphasising cleft sentences Complete the sentences with the appropriate words. Do not use more than two words, 1 that most people don’t understand is that telling jokes is not that easy. 2 ___ watching some of the best comedians in the UK which helped define the type of jokes Tnow tell. 3 —_______ that really annoys me is when people in the audience shout out, “Tell the one about ...” 4 ____ nobody seems to appreciate is that telling the same jokes night after night ean become extremely tedious. 5 —___ my wife and children who T feel sorry for the most as they have to listen to my jokes all the time, 6 people always want to know is whether I can ever be serious. Vocabulary 1A Crying Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 Be careful what you say to her as she might just burst 2 The party was so terrible I was bored 2 When Harrison and Sanchez were finally rescued they cried 4 The film was so funny Tended up erying 5 When Sally’s cat died she eried 6 His eyes filled with tears a her eyes out for hours. into tears «of frustration when he heard that he'd lost yet again. 4 tears of joy. to tears and could hardly wait to leave. + with laughter. Vocabulary 1B Crying Complete the sentences with the words in the box. burst cried tears wept eyes 1 Stop erying your out. think it was the end of the worl 2 Tdidn'tdo anything. He simply into tears. 3 When Davina heard they'd been found alive she with joy. 4 Listening to Andy go on and on just bores me yyone would gees The situation was so funny I just with laughter.-\0 Tears & Laughter Extend your vocabulary 1 Metaphors for strong emotions Choose the correct option to complete the sentences about strong emotions. Circle the correct answer. 1. Hamish was really bowed /burt /pained by what Angus said. 2 The news came as a huge blow / pain /zouch and they didn’t know if she would recover from it. 3. Iwas hit /pained / touched by your kind words. They meant alot to me. 4 Ingrid was bie / overcome / pained with grief at the death of her mother. 5 Teblowed /pained / overcame me that I eould do nothing. whelp. 6 When Tony left his wife it bit / overcame /rouched her badly. Extend your vocabulary 2A Ways of saying laugh Complete the sentences with the correct type of laughter. Girce the correct answer. 1 His jokes are so funny they just chuckle / once me up. 2 Whatare you ovo aracking /sniggering abou? 3. In Shakespeare's play Macheth there ae three witches who cacle/ giggle 4 When Lauren enoks up /giggles it really annoys me. 5 Sam couldn't stop chuckling /sniggeing to himself Extend your vocabulary 28 Ways of saying laugh Complete the sentences with the correct word, The first letter is given for you 1 Idon'tknow why you s______ every time I say something. 2. Brian's bit ofa crazy guy. He always c_____tohimself 3 You could hear them ¢ ina loud and unpleasant way. 4. The three of them were g 1 don’t know what they found so funny. all night. 5 Sandra just e_____up when she saw us dressed up like that for the faney dress party. Listening The Actors’ Studio © 1.22 Listen to someone talking about The Actors? Studio and decide if the sentences are true (7) or false (F). 1 Lee Strasberg joined The Actors’ Studio in 1947. T/F 2 The Actors’ Studio is a school for actors. TP 3. The technique ic is most often associated with is called method acting. TIF 4 Many famous people have been members of the school including James Dean. TIF 5 Robert De Niro put on weight in preparation for the film Taxi Driver. T/F 6 The Studio has occupied the same building since it started TIF Pronunciation Emphasising: cleft sentences (pauses) 1 9 1.23 Listen to the sentences and underline the word after the pause. 1 What many people don’t realise is that chimpanzees and other apes also laugh. 2. Itis laughter that helps people relax. 3. The thing that surprises most people is how contagious laughter is. 4 What was most interesting about the survey was the number of people who claimed not to have laughed recently. 5. Tewas Darwin who first noticed that apes laugh 6 What often declines as we get older is how frequently wwe laugh. 2 Listen again and repeat each sentence. we ®~\) Tears & Laughter Reading Pride or prejudice? 1 Do you have a favourite time and place to read? How Jong does it usually take you to read a novel? Is there anything you don't like about reading books? 2 Make alist of the advantages and disadvantages of reading a book on an electronic device such as an e-book reader compared to a traditional print book format. jAdvantages Disadvantages 3. Read the article and compare your answers with the writer’. 4 Write the verbs in the correct form. After months of (1) (say) how much 1 disliked the idea of electronic books, I (2) —___ (decide) to give one a try. It (3) (bappen) while 1 (4) (stay) with a friend whose conversation mostly consisted of (5) (tell) me how amazing her new e-book reader (6) EEE 5. Read the first paragraph of the article to check your answers to exercise 4. & What do the words in italics mean? Circle the correct answer. 1 The bookcases at home were crammed full of books. a almost » completely 2 The books were bound in different ways. «covered positioned 3 Every book had its own ypefive. «front cover letter design 4 remember looking through stacks of LP records. «collections piles 5. There was usually an inner sleeve with the lyrics. + inside cover small book 6 You could almost tell from looking at the grooves of the record how it would sound. + lines cut into the surface song titles 7 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 Do you think the writer is ‘old-fashioned’? Give reasons for your answer. 2 Do you agree that there's no physical contact between the user and electronic books and music downloads? 4. How do you prefer to read a book? 4 How do you prefer listening to music?|0 Tears & Laughter Pride or prejudice? fier months of saying how much I disliked the idea of electronic books, I decided to szive one a try. It happened while I was staying with a friend whose conversation mostly consisted of telling me how amazing her new e-book reader was. But why would I want to read Jane Austen on an e-book reader?” I protested while having coffee one morning ‘with a copy of Pride and Prejudice propped up on the table in front of me. ‘My problem is thac I come from a generation that grew up with books and records we could touch, feel and smell. As a child, the bookcases at home were crammed full of books of al shapes and sizes, bound in different ways.’There were my father’s reference books standing alongside paperback novels while my mother’s large and rather heavy art books occupied the bottom shelves. Every book seemed to be unique, having its own cover and typeface, printed on its own distinetive type of paper, with its own smell Tewas much the same with records. I zemember happy Saturday mornings spent looking. through stacks of LP records at The Record Exchange, our local record shop. The LP record was big enough to allow artists and designers to create works of art on the cover. ‘There was space for photographs and usually an inner sleeve with the lyrics. Taking the vinyl album from its sleeve and placing it on the record deck was something of a ritual ‘You could almost tell from looking at the grooves of the record how it would sound. ‘The CD format reduced the album cover to a miniature plastic display and today’s downloads have reduced the cover artwork even more so that it appears asa postage- stamp sized image on an MP3 player. The result is there's no longer any physical contact between the user and the musie and the actual work loses a lot ofits individuality. I fear the same is true with electronic Glossary books. Without denying the convenience of being able to store your books on one device that will always remember your place in each book, of being able to choose between an audio or text version and, in some cases, being able to access extras such as an interview with the author, I miss the physical contact with a book. Or am I just being old-fashioned? alongside repost) - beside or close tothe ade of someting stinctve facjectv) - 22s) to recognise because of beng cferent rem ahr people or things of he me type lé-ashioned asec) atitudes that are no longer relevent in the modern world prop up (phrasal vert) to sop someting rom faling by puting something under itor against t0 Tears & Laughter Writing A presentation speech Reading 1 Answer these questions, 1 Have you ever given or been given a prize or award? 2 Have you ever been to a prize-giving or awards ceremony? 3 What usually happens at a prize giving? 2 Read the speech and answer the questions. 1 Is the speaker giving or receiving the award? 2 What is the relationship between the speaker and Jennifer Setway? 3. Which of the following do you think the award is for? Business achievement Environmental work Aid in developing countries tis an honour and a great pleasure to be here today to present this award to my good friend and colleague, Jennifer Selway. 'm sure you'll understand when I say that it came as no surprise when I found out that she had been nominated, After so many years of dedication, not only to her business but also to her charitable work in some of the poorest and most dangerous parts of the world, itis fitting that her work should be acknowledged in this way. ‘When I spoke with Jennifer shortly after learning she had won the award, her first thought was not for herself, but for the others on the shortlist who had riot been so fortunate. I'm sure you'll join me now in congratulating them all for their achievements over the past [2 months. (pause for applause) In many ways Jennifer Selway isa unique figure in the world of business. She has always used her success as a way to help others who have been less fortunate in life. Whether it’ the staff in her shops who come from disadvantaged backgrounds or her suppliers who are often in the most isolated parts of the world, she has managed to make her business, provide something positive For everyone, inclu the people who buy her products, G) unto T'd like to share an anecdote with you. A few years ago we were flying back from Africa. We'd been to a conference and were travelling with some people from a workshop in Ethiopia. The British prime minister of the time, who will remain nameless, was travelling on the same plane in first class. We, of course, were in economy. Well, when the prime minister invited Jennifer to join him in first class so that he could discover the secret of her success, she sent one of the workers to sit with him, explaining that be was the secret of her success. I don’t think the PM ever quite forgave her. (adetress Jennifer diretly) Jennifer. It has been a privilege to work with you. Please accept this award and please don't give it away. Ladies and gentlemen. Td like you to show your appreciation for the unique Jennifer Selway. 3. Use six of the words in the box to complete the sentences. achievements anecdote nameless nominated staff unique applause charitable privilege shortlist 1 Pmnot going to say who it was. The person will ie us Wales 2 Atthe end of the ceremony there was loud 3. The award was for the person’s______ over the past year. 4 Unfortunately, I wasn’t lucky enough to be 5 Allthe friendly. 6 Tewas quite a(n) at the conference hall were to have been invited. Writing skills (1): making a formal presentation 4 We often use formal language when we make a speech. Find the formal equivalent of these phrases in the speech. T'm happy to be here. expected Jennifer to be chosen. This is @ good way to recognise what she’s done. Let’ give them a round of applause. ve got a story to tell you Tve enjoyed working with you.=|) Tears & Laughter Writing skills (2): writing an anecdote 5 An anecdote is a story that you tell people about something interesting or funny that has happened to you. Read the anecdote from the speech and write the ‘verbs in the correct tense. Then check your answers with the speech, A few years ago we (1) (fi) back from Africa. We @) (g) toa conference and eo. (travel) with some people from a ‘workshop in Ethiopia. The British prime minister of the time, who (4) (remain) nameless, © (Gravel) on the same plane in first clas. ‘Wall, when the prime minister (6) Grnsite) Jennifer (7) (join) himn in first class 30 that he @) (can diserer) the secret of her success, she (9) —_____ end) one of the workers (10) ______ i) with him, (11) (explain) chat he (12) _____— (bo) the secret of her success. 6 What do you think the speaker is saying about Jennifer in the anecdote? Preparing to write 7 Read the Writing task below. Use examples of formal language in your speech and try to include an anecdote. Writing Either imagine you are Jennifer Selway and write the speech you think she'd make when accepting the award. Or think of someone you'd like to give an award to and write the speech you'd give when presenting the award. It can be someone you know or someone well known. rete ‘© Thank you all for coming ‘*Itis an honour to be here «Firstly, 'd like to... = On my way here tonight, | was thinking ‘= 'd like to share an anecdote with you. #1’ lke to thank .. ‘*'d like to end by saying unto (5)Audioscript Unit 1 Listening A: Tike that photograph. Who's it of? 1; Te of my mother. I think she’ about four in the photo. She standing outside the family home in Auckland with her pet dog. &: Isyour family from New Zealand? I didn’t know. 3, My mother’s side of the family is from New Zealand. ‘My father’s parents were from Scotland, 4: So why did your mother's parents leave New Zealand? 1 Tdon’t know. And, to be honest, I don't chink my mother knows either. My grandparents were both amateur musicians. They met when they were playing in an orchestra. Then he came over to Ircland and started a business, The rest of the family followed. ‘4: Oh, Does your mother miss New Zealand? 3: She was quite young when she left, but I think there's a part of her that wishes she could still be there. She often talks about it. ‘4: Do you have any family there? 8, Not really. Maybe some distant relations I don’t know about. A: Have you ever thought of going there to trace your family roots? 3: Yes, Ihave but its so far away. 4: You should go. And take your mother 3B; Idon’t know. Its a long journey and maybe the place has changed. Maybe we'll go and find the family home has been turned into an office block. &: Don't be so pessimistic, Do you have any other family photographs? 3; Thave a whole album. Do you want to see i? Pronunciation 1 &:You can’t speak English 1; L.can speak English. 2 A: He lives with his girlfriend. 1: He doesn’t live with his girlfriend. 3. arThey’re not from Iealy. 3: They are from Iealy 4 aYou didn’t phone me last night. 1: did phone you lastnight. 5 4s They were here earlier. 1. They weren't here earlier. 6 A: She’ been to London, 1 She’ never been to London. Unit 2 Listening People often complain about radio and television presenters’ misuse of English. They become angry when they hear people talking about lex people instead of fewer people. Mispronouncing names, especially names in other languages, is another problem area especially for newsreaders. Of course, many city names have English versions. You won't hear a newsreader call Florence Firenze or Paris Par-ee. But how does the newsreader know how to pronounce the name of a small town in a distant country that is suddenly the focus of a news story or the name of a politician who has just won an election? ‘The BBC Pronunciation Research Unit aims to ensure that pronunciation used on BBC radio and television is accurate and consistent. The unit was created in 1926 as, the Advisory Committee on Spoken English. News presenters can phone the unit, send an email or check pronunciation online. The unit adds about 100 new pronunciations each week and tries to anticipate what znames will be in the news. There's a daily list of topical names and, ifa story breaks during the day, the unit can add names to the list almost instantly. ‘The unit's database contains more than 200,000 entries which have been added over the years. And if the unit needs to check the pronunciation of a word, it can always, contact the BBC World Service which employs people from around the world, providing instant access to hundreds of different languages. Of course, there's still the chance that someone will mispronounce something. When they doa member of the public is certain to spot the mistake. Pronunciation ‘The words aren’t very clear and it’ easy to mishear them. ‘When are you going to tell me the answers? Have you listened to the lyris on his latest song? Tewas one of the funniest things T heard. You'll find lots of examples on the internet. ‘They won the award for best new artis. ‘Th idea is that people hear what they want to. What was the last CD you bought?Audioscript Unit 3 Listening F'm in the heart of Scotland, standing on top of a mountain about ten miles north of Pitlochry. 'm here with John Adams. So how long have you been living here, John? For about cight years. A: What is it about living here that you like so much? 18, F've always loved the rolling hills and the mountains in this part of the country. We used to come here on holiday when I was a child so it holds a lot of good memories, & You moved here from Edinburgh which is about 90 minutes south of here. It must have been quite a dramatic change moving from the city to the country. 1 Yes, it was. I had a well-paid job in advertising in Edinburgh. I had a beautiful home, a car & So what happened? Why did you decide to give it all up, leave your job and your home to live in the country and live off the land, '& Itwasn’t a sudden decision. I thought about it carefully. think T just grew tired of living life for my job. I know it sounds selfish, but I wanted to have more time to appreciate life. In the past, when I wasn’t working I vwas always on the computer, on the internet, watching ‘TV. felt kind of ... as if was spending my whole life looking at a screen, and in the end I began to feel divorced from the person I wanted to be. Now I can look at this. ‘The view is amazing. And, apart from the view, what hhas changed? 8. Well, I've learned to live without electricity which hasn't bbeen easy. And P've become relatively self-sufficient. Yes. can see you've been growing some vegetables over here. Come and take a look. Pronunciation 1 1. Didja see what happened yesterday? 2 Aren't you gonna help me? 3 Twas hoping you'd gimme more time, 4 Ieskinda too late. They've already gone. 5 You gotta smile, haven't you. 6 Doncha love it when there's some good news? Pronunciation 2 {id ~ sea, feel, key ‘au! - allowed, loud, now Jay ~ ery, guide, night Jeu - day, grey, take ‘ral ~ fear, here, pier Unit 4 Listening In recent years, Northern Ireland has become a popular tourist destination, Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, itis part of the United Kingdom. The capital city is Belfast and the population is approximately 1,175,000. That's between a quarter and a third of the island's total population. ‘There are lots of magical places to visit in Norther Ireland. One of the most famous is the Giant’s Causeway oon the north coast. The causeway consists of around 40,000 columns formed by ancient volcanic eruptions. ‘There's a legend that the Causeway might have been built by Finn McCool, a giant who was the commander of the king of Irelands armies. Itis said that he built the causeway in order to walk across the sea to Scotland. Northern Ireland is famous for its legends and storytellers. ‘The writer CS Lewis was born there. Near his East Belfast birthplace there’ life-size sculprare showing a figure stepping through the magic wardrobe into Lewis’ Kingdom of Narnia. Nobel Laureate poet and author ‘Seamus Heaney was born on a farm near Bellaghy, and writers Oscar Wilde and Samuel Beckett both lived in the town of Enniskillen as schoolboys. Another of Northern Ireland's claims to fame is its history of shipbuilding. The world’s most famous ship, the Titanic, vwas built here in 1911. You can take @ trip to see where the ship was created or walk the Titanie Trail around Belfast. ‘While the euro is the currency in the rest of Ireland, the British pound is used in Northern Ireland. Most large shops accept the euro as well, but its best to ask first. Pronunciation Who do you think it could've been? “Things had been going wrong for quite some time You must've known what was happening. He had never understood what was wrong, They could've waited a little bit longer. Who'd been waiting for the right opportunity? AudiAudioscript Unit 5 Listening think we often believe that everything was better when ‘we were young, but it’s not always true. Some people say we used to have a healthier diet in the past and that modern diets do us no good. But is that true? Tm old enough to remember when the first supermarkets appeared in the 1950s and 60s. Until then the food we used to eat was produced nationally. We had three meals a day and we usually ate the same food each week. As more people started to travel in the 1970s people became more interested in food from other countries. Suddenly we could eat pizzas, fresh pasta, French bread and American ice cream. In the 80s, more people were living alone so the supermarkets started selling more ready-cooked frozen. meals. People didn’t want to spend time cooking. It was the decade of the microwave meal, ‘The 90s was the decade in which breakfast almost disappeared, Although its often called the most important meal of the day, nearly one in three adults would stop having breakfast at home. In the first decade of the 21* century we stopped buying so much frozen food, but bought more freshly prepared ‘meals to eat while we watched cookery programmes on television. ‘Today fewer people have three meals a day. More and more people have snacks throughout the day: a sandwich, a chocolate bar, some crisps. We're also less active than ‘we used to be. When you take these factors into account, I think our diet today is probably just as healthy, or rather, just as unhealthy today as it was in the 1950s, Pronunciation 1 1 He won't be late. So stop worrying. 2 You just won't listen to me and it’ really annoying. 3 Li Yawill talk back to his parents, 4 Samantha will help you if you want. 5. They will ignore what’ good for them. 6 Children these days just won't pay attention. Pronunciation 2A 1 flexible truths attempt creative Tengths 1 That's got such a strong taste 2. My favourite number is four. 3. Try not to swim out of your depth. 4s F'm just not sure what she said. Audioseriot 5 Tdidn’t know Joan was deaf 6 There were some nasty rumours spread. 7 He-was born on the fourth of July. 8 Doyou like this song? Unit 6 Listening &: My name’ Andrea. I'm from Argentina and this is the first car boot sale I've been to. Its quite strange ... the idea of selling things you don't need anymore from the boot of your car. So I saw the posters advertising the sale and I thought I'd come to see what it like, Maybe TI buy something. You never know. I like that lamp over there, And I saw some books I'd quite like to read. x My name’s Josh Hartley. This is the fifth ear boot sale Pve come to. Its bit of a lottery. Ifthe sun’s shining, you get quite a lot of people... The weather's quite good today so I'm feeling optimistic. Today I've brought some old computer bits and pieces to sell, and some garden furniture T don’t need anymore. I like cat boot sales because you get to meet other people and have a good time. It's a social event. : I'm Harry. Everyone knows me here, I collect old vinyl records: LPs and singles. [es a passion of mine. I go to as many car boot sales as I ean. A lot of people had a record collection in the past that was replaced by CDs and downloads. Needless to say, a lot of those records were put in the attic or shut away in a cupboard. And they often appear in places like this. So today I've found a copy of The Beatles’ White Album in perfect condition. Ie was released in 1968 and the first copies had a serial number. It cost me £5, but it worth a small fortune. Pronunciation 1 The art of leadership is saying no, not saying yes. Iris very easy to say yes. Tony Blair 2 Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names. John FE Kennedy 3. Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another. Nelson Mandela 4 Tam not interested in power for power sake, but I'm interested in power that is moral, that is right and that is good. Martin Luther King, Jr 5 Being powerful is like being a lady. If you have to tell people you are, you arent. ‘Margaret ThatcherAudioscript Unit 7 Listening &: We're talking with Mandy Draper about the greatest fictional detectives ever. Now, Mandy, you went out on the streets to ask people about their choices. ». Yes, that’ right. I wondered if everyone would say Sherlock Holmes, Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot ‘were the greatest detectives ever, or if they'd have some more unusual choices. a What did you discover? 3. Wall, to be honest, most people did choose Sherlock ‘Holmes. When I asked them why, they all sid it ‘was because of his powers of deduction and his ‘unusual character. &: What other detectives did they choose? & Detective Inspector Rebus was a popular choice. As you know, he was created by the Scottish author lan Rankin. ‘A: That’ interesting. Any female detectives? 2. A few people mentioned Lisbeth Salander from Stieg Larsson’ best-selling Millennium Trilogy. She specialises in investigating people and has a photographic memory. 4 Who’ your favourite detective, Mandy? 8. Well, Pa big fan of Inspector Wallander who's also from Sweden. The character was created by the Swedish crime writer Henning Mankell. A: How did you become a fan? saw the Swedish TV series and became hooked. Since then I've read all the books. He's such a strange ‘character. He doesn’t have many friends, drinks a lot and eats too much junk food. & Thanks, Mandy. Pronunciation there hear 2 sits seats 3 right write 4 hour our 5 not note 6 stare stair 7 wear were 8 brake break 9 hair hear 10 way weigh Unit 8 Listening When we are young we are taught chat its wrong to lie and we should always tell the truth, Unfortunately, most children lie even if they're told not to. Research carried out at the Institute of Child Study at’Toronto University has revealed that this might not be such a bad thing, Apparently, children who tell convincing lies when they're two years old have a good chance of becoming successful adults. According to the survey, at the age of two, 20 per cent of children lie. At the age of three, 50 per cent lic, and at four almost 90 per cent lie. By the age of 12 almost every child tells lies. Lying involves multiple brain processes, and the better the lic, the more work the brain has to do. By training the brain early, researchers believe children will be able to think more clearly when they are adults. Another recent survey, commissioned by the Science “Museum in London, as revealed some interesting facts about the way we lie as adults. According to a survey, the average British man tells three lies every day, that’ over 1,000 lies a year. However, the average woman apparently only lies twice a day. A majority of people think women are better liars than ‘men in spite of the fact that they tell fewer lies. Popular women’ lies include ‘Nothing’ wrong, I'm fine’, ‘I don't now where it is, I haven't touched it, and ‘Ie wasn’t that expensive’. Some people say you can lie as long as its a white lie. A white lic is a lie told to avoid making someone upset. One ‘of the most common lies for both men and women is ‘Tes just what I've always wanted’, said after opening a present from their partner. Pronunciation 1 You don’t have to lie to distort reality 2 How do you know if something is the real thing or a fake? Documentaries are about the real world. In reality, there’ no such thing as absolute truth. can't believe that this is for real. Sometimes things seem to bear no relation to what we already know. asoscipt (79)Audioscript Unit 9 Listening ‘Tt can often take a long time to build a new building. ‘The Reichstag in Germany took nine years to rebuild and the Sydney Opera House took 14 years to complete. But what about this building? Work started cn it in 1882 and it still isn't finished. When do you think the Sagrada Famitia will be finished, Jordi? 3: [don't know. Some people say 2017 and others say 2026, which is a special year because it will be 100 years since the death of its architect. 4. Itis an amazing building. Can you tell us something about it? 1 Yes, of course. Its the creation of the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudf although he didn't actually stare it. He began working on the building from 1883 until his death in 1926, A: Isiit true that his original plans for the building were destroyed? '& Yes. A lot of Gaudt’s models and papers were destroyed during the Civil War. The work you see today is based on existing plans and the work of the architects who have been involved in the project over the years. This is, one of the reasons why the building is so controversial. 4: A lot of people think the building should have been left unfinished, is that right? Yes. As a tribute to Gaudi. I think one of the reasons the building is so popular is because itis a work in progress. When you visit the building you can see the construction process. ‘A: Icattracts around two million visitors each year. 18, ThatS right. Its an important symbol and one of Spain’ tourist attractions, And of course the money the visitors pay to visit the building has helped to construct it. The building of the Sagrada Frmilia is not supported by any government or official church sources. & Thanks, Jordi. Pronunci 1 symbol symbolic 2 region regional 3. prosperity prosperous 4 comparison comparable 5 inspiration inspirational 6 ingenuity ingenious 7 possibility possible Unit 10 Listening ‘The Actors’ Studio was founded in 1947 by the directors Elia Kazan, Cheryl Crawford and Robert Lewis. The following year, Lee Strasberg was asked to join the Studio as one of its teachers and in 1951 he became its Artistic Director, a position he held until his death in 1982 ‘The Studio was originally created to help develop the work of professional actors, directors and playwrights. Teisn’ta school, but rather a place where members can practise their art.’To become a member you must pass @ series of auditions and then be invited to join. Ivis perhaps best known for its work in the area of method acting, a technique in which actors use their own emotions and memories to help them become the character they are playing instead of acting’ the part. ‘Marlon Brando and James Dean, who were both members of The Actors’ Studio, helped make method acting (or ‘the method’ as its often called) popular in films such as A Streetcar Named Desire and Rebel Without a Cause. In later years, Robert De Niro continued this tradition, ‘When he had to play the part of the boxer Jake LaMotea in the film Raging Bull, he gained 60 pounds (27 kilograms) and learned how to box. He worked as a taxi driver for three months while preparing to make the film Tati Driver ‘Today The Actors’ Studio can be found in a former church, building at 432 West 44th Street, in the Clinton area of ‘Manhattan in New York City, a building it has occupied since 1955. Pronunciation 1 What many people don’t realise is that chimpanzees and other apes also laugh. 2. Itis laughter that helps people relax. 2. The thing that surprises most people is how contagious laughter is. 4 What was most interesting about the survey was the number of people who claimed not to have laughed recently. 5 Iewas Darwin who first noticed that apes laugh. 6 What often declines as we get older is how frequently we laugh.Answer Key Unit 1 Grammar 1 tare 2Have 30 4Were Said have 7 do0s Have 9.00 Grammar 24 1 Have you ever wondered 2come 3.don't mean ais Sare getting Gare putting Thave Bagot Shelps 1Whave discovered Grammar 2B 1 X Incorrect. Use the present perfect with since. 2x Incomect. Every other day indicates a routine so we use the present simple 3Y Correct 4¥ Conect 8X Inconect. For generations indicates something that started in the past and continues now so we use the present porfoct. 6X Incorrect. Regularly indicates a routine 50 we use the present simple. 74 Correct 8¥ Correct Grammar 2 1 Every year 2at the moment 3 For years, 4 curently Syet once a week 7 since | was a child Grammar 34 4 are opening 21 probably go out ais 4 going to increase Bare leaving 6 sqoing to be 7 takes off ariltel Grammar 38 are you doing 2stans 3 are you going to wear 4llwear Sligo 6 'm going Tare you leaving BImeet Vocabulary 1A 1 False 2Tue 3 False 4 False STue Tue Vocabulary 18 4 2alve Balke asleep Salone awake Vocabulary 2A 1d 2b 3h 4c 5e 6g 7a 8f Vocabulary 2B 1 Pessimistic 2 Optimistic 8 Pessimistic. 4 Pessimistic 8 Optimistic 6 Pessimistic 7 Optimistic 8 Optimistic Vocabulary 3 1 incurable 2 drinkable reliable 4 respectable Brenewable 6 intolerable Extend your vocabulary 4 vem 2 defences Bight 4 ose the battle S attacke Listening 1Fase 4 Tue 2Twue —5 False 3Fase True Pronunciation 1 | can speak English. 2 He doesn't ive wit his gittiend, ‘9 They are from Italy. 4 | did phone you last night. 5 They weren't here earl. 6 She's never been to London. Reading 1 Your own answers 2 1 Afirm handshake. 2 People with a firm handshake can lve longer. 3 How quickly people waked and how well they could balance on one leg. 3 1 to shake 2know are going to relate 4 increasing S getting 6 published T suggests 8.illive Slooked 10 walked 111 could balance 12wil ive 3 Your own answers Writing 1 Your own answers 2 ‘Your own answers 3 2.90) sc? ba 41,5 4 Possible answer: She's aware that her children are growing older and becoming independent, but is feeling relatively optimistic about the future, Answer KeyAnswer Key 5 11 was thinking of you the other day 280 8.0n another note Anyway 6 They all start new paragraphs. What 2How ‘3. Who 4 Which 5 Whose 8 Where THow BHow 2 1.60% to 70% 2208 3 (Charles) Darwin 4 Alrican elephant 5 The African elephant’ 6 Antarctica / Southern hemisphere 7 On average 50 to 60 years, but up to 80. ‘8 About 200 times their size / up to 30 cm. Grammar 1B 1 What isthe scientific name of the giant tortoise? 2 Where does it ive? 8 How long doss it live? 4 What does it eat? '5 When was the frst one discovered? 6 How much can a giant tortoise weigh? Grammar 2A 1 X incorrect. We don't use the definite article with the names of towns and ‘most countries 2¥ Correct 37 Correct 4X Incorrect. We use the define article with decades. 8 X Incorrect, We use the definite article with the names of seas. 6 Correct TX Incorrect. We don't use the definite article with meals. 8X Incorrect. We use the definite article with singular nouns which stand for a {general ype. 9Y Comect 10 Correct (B) Arewer key Grammar 2B 58- 6- Tithe 8- Grammar 3 1 was just setting down 2heard 3got 4 put on S walked opened ‘wasn’t shining had paca ‘were fighting 10 stepped 1 moved 42 took 1Bhad left 14 slammed 15 jumped Vocabulary 1A, heresy 2 few in the face ‘S muttering infamous. S recanted Vocabulary 1B 1 doubtless: 2 convinced 3 without question 4suro Shave reservations 6 doubtful Vocabulary 1C 14 21 Sc 4e 5b 6a Vocabulary 2A Correct How many did you get right? ‘Are you sure this is the right place? ‘Sasha's right. We have been here before, One side of the body Drive straight down here and take the frst turning on the right. ‘Are you right-handed? ‘Something you are (not) allowed to do or have We can't drive down there. There's no right of way. | don’t think you have any right to complain "ve been here alot longer than you. Exactly, immediately or completely I'm sorry Ido it right away. ‘What do you mean you car't see it? I's Fightin front of you! Vocabulary 2B 11 Are you sure this isthe right place? 2 Drive stright down here and take the first turing on the right 3's right in front of you, 4. How many did you get right? 8.1! sony. I'll do It right away. Vocabulary 3 1 misspell 2misquoted 3mispronounce 4 misheard Smisuse 6 misunderstand Extend your vocabulary 1A. 1 underhand 2high Stall 4 upstanding Sabove 6 stoop Tlow Extend your vocabulary 18 1D 2H 3D 4H SH 6D 70 Extend your vocabulary 2 ‘Theroism 2ageism 3 Buddhism 4 spoonerism Sexism 8 communism Tbiingualism Listening 1 television presenters 2an English 3 Spoken English Aday 5 200,000 Ga member of the public Pronunciation 2 (00 strong form 13 /8i! weak form “4/04! weak form 5 @a! strong for 6 80" strong form 76a! strong form, 8 oi! weak formAnswer Key Reading 1 Plagiaram isthe process of taking another person's work, ideas or words, and using them as if they were your own. 2 Your own answers 3 1 source quote Stool 4.chunks S combat 6 cheating 4 1 search 2side S.quotation ‘4 copy Steady S.computer 6 Your own answers Writing 1 Your own answers 2 Statements 1b, 20 and 3b are probably true for Silke 3 2respectiul, 3 porsuasive, 6 tacttul 4 4 don't you think it's a ttle arrogant to say that science has all the answers?; ‘wouldn't it be more accurate to say that it's the theory that best fits current cobservations?; isnt there room for other aye of explaining how the universe was created? 2 admit | take your point; | can see why 3 argue; claim 4 what | wanted to say; What | meant tosay Surely 5 1d 2a 3f 4c 5b Ge Unit 3 Grammar 1A ‘have been faling 2have led Shave meant 4thave also caused Shas spoilt Ghas arrived T have been working have seen have been waiting 10 have come Grammar 1B 1 have been ving 2have been 3 did you last swim “4has been changing took 6 Have you ever stood ‘Thave been rising Bhave become 9 were Grammar 1€ 1 Correct 2x Incorrect. few years ago + past simple. 8Y Correct 4Y Correct 8X Incorrect. Last year + past simple. 6 Correct 74 Correct 8X Incorrect. Yet + present perfect, Grammar 2A 4 rough grey 2old round siver, Sastrange ancient 4-small green glass Slovely 19th century 6big modern sailing Teeautful cool 8 an old red wooden rowing Grammar 28 1 the deep dark blue sea 2a old wooden Viking ship 3.a noisy white seagull 4.2 mystorious giant monster from the depths 52 beautiful long saling boat 6 long colourful woollen scarf 7a small ancient ftaian atlas, Ba lovely cool sea breeze Vocabulary 1A 1 snow-capped 2 broad 3 roling 4 high 5 dry baron 7 fields 8 rainforests Vocabulary 18 4 deserts 2 iorsts 3 grassy ‘ver S barren 6 mountain 7 desert rainfall Vocabulary 2 to 2d 8b 40 5a Vocabulary 3A, 1elyfish 2dve Seurents 4 sands Sitide 6 shellfish T seaweed Vocabulary 3B Across 2sand S seagull S snorkel 6 yacht Bscaweed tide Down A current 2 seashells 4 tanker Twave Extend your vocabulary 4 country Bland 3 countries ‘land Sland 6 countryAnswer Key Listening 1 rolling 2 g00d 3 dramatic 4 beautiful Budden whole amazing Beasy Pronunciation 1 1 Digja 2eonna 3gimme kinda Sgotta 6 Doncha, Pronunciation 2 Iv 90a, fee, key fay’ —allowed, loud, now Jat) ~ery, guide, night ‘eu —day, grey, take Jia) —fear, here, pier Reading 1 1b 2a 3b 4p se 6a Ta 2) Tue 2 Falso. The part was played by five diferent dolphins, 3 False. His attitude changed after Kathy, the dolphin, ded. Tue 65 False. He founded The Dolphin Project in 1988, 6 False. It was a book he wrote. The film \was called The Cove. 4 ‘Thave always played 2 have often appeared Sdon't have 4.comes Shas studied Ghas also written, to raise @ Arower key 6 [Suggested answer for question 1] He probably became attached to the dolphins and understood them more while fhe was working on the TV series. Maybe he thought Kathy might have lived longer in the wild, Writing 1 Your own answers 2 1 What to do 2 Getting arounc 8 Ariving & departing 4 When to visit 5 Where to eat 3 1 air-conditioned (bus) 2 conveniently situated (bus station) near perfect (weather) 4 reasonably priced (taxis) 5 stress-free (pedestrian walkway) 6 tourist-tiendly (estaurant service) 4 1 undoubtedly 2 probably Sarguably 4 certainly Sdetintoly 5 probadly, arguably 6 Suggested answer February to May is best. The sea is calm and there isn't much rain. There are tourists though, Unit 4 Grammar 1A Certain 1348 Possible 2567 Grammar 1B 1 might 2 must S must cant 5 might 6 could T must 8 might Grammar 2 1 Itis said that if you break a mirror you'l have seven years’ bad luck. 2 itis rumoured that touching the left ‘oot of the statue of John Harvard wil increase your intaligence. ‘It is reported that if you visit the Tower (of London at midnight you will soo the ghosts of two young boys. 4 itis said that if you find a fourleaved clover you wil be lucky. 5 It is reported that bathing in the Dead ‘Sea wil help make you healthier. 6 It is rumaured that by drinking herbal tea ‘every moming you won't become i 80 frequently Grammar 3A had written 2 had been renting ‘Shad already been living “4hhad been working Shad known; had lost 6 had been working Thad spent Grammar 3B ‘Thad been; knew 2 realised; had mat Shad been waiting 4had decided S he'd seen; hadn't 6 had been running; broke Thad explained; enjoyed Vocabulary 1A 4 musician 2 attendant 3 sailor 4 bankers 5 director 6 waiter 7 politician Vocabulary 1B 1 spectator 2 optician 3 professor 4 soldier accountant 6 magician 7 carpenter Belectrician Vocabulary 2 1 the Joneses 2.Jomn Doe: ‘8 Tom, Dick or Hany 4 Joe BloggsAnswer Key Vocabulary 3 1 stutt 2things Sgizmo 4 sort of thing 5 kind of thing 6 whatchamacalit Extend your vocabulary 1 leading 2gav0 3chase ‘ride Spath Listening 1 Location and population. 2 Strange and magical places. 3A local legend. 4 Links with literature, 5A famous ship. 6 Money tips. Pronunciation 4b 2a 3b 4a 5a 6b Reading 1 ‘They are all legendary or mythical places. 2 1b 2d 8c 4a 3 Utopia - fictional island, perfect society ‘Shangri-La ~ longer life, mystical valley ‘Atlantis ~ earthquake, lost civilisation, natural disaster EI Dorado - easy money, expedition, lost city of gold, tribal chief 5 111 Dorado, El Dorado. 2Allantis ‘3 Shangri-La 4Utopia 6 [Suggested answer for question 1] Las Vegas Writing 1 Your own answers, 2 4 They are both reviews of a magic show 2 The firt is about a kids show and the ‘second a show for an adult audience; the frst is positive and the second is negative, 3 Suggested answers: Family Magic: #8 Magic Max: a 4 1 high expectations 2 pleasantly surprised ‘exceeded my expectations excited about S live up to expectations G feeling disappointed 7 looking forward B expecting a lot more 5 a47 bi 05,68 42,3 6 1 brillant, excellent, unbelievable 2 highly, completely, really 31 was pleasantly surprised by ust how ‘much | enjoyed this show. 41'd heard such good things about it in the press Unit 5 Grammar 1 4 won't will Swon't will Swill won't Twill Grammar 2A 1 Correct 2.x Incorrect, We use used to and not would for a past stat. 3 Conect 4X Incorrect. When I was tenis a specific ‘tie and so we use the past simple. 8¥ Correct 6¥ Correct TX Incorrect. In 2008 is a spectic time znd so we use the past simple. BY Correct 9¥ Comect Grammar 28 1 knew 2used to love ‘3 would help / used to help ‘A didn't use to like S burned / burnt 6 didn't use to et / wouldn't let used to hate 8 used to spend / would spend Grammar 3A, tare 2 geting Bare 4 got Sis S get 7m 8 geting Grammar 38 41 get 2was, Iget Abe 5 was Bis Tgetting Boetting vas Vocabulary 1A amazing 2rolentiess 3 miraculous 4 challenging S exhausting 6roisy underestimated Bexpensive Vocabulary 18 1 bringing up 2 check up on spoil 4 preise B tall me off B neglect 7 trust B discipine Vocabulary 2 1 middle name 2 unisex name 3 patronymic. 4 pseudonym nickname 6 stage name ‘7 maidon name Answer KeyAnswer Key Vocabulary 3A Across 1 dolicious 4 sour S soggy 8 bitter T greasy Down 1 disgusting 2erunchy 3 sharp 6 blana Vocabulary 3B 1 dolicious 2iumpy 3chewy 4 chap Bspicy 6 bland Terunchy Bsticky Extend your vocabulary 1 1 close 2insoparable Scracks 4 spit Sattached 8 strong Extend your vocabulary 2 te 20 3h 4a St 6a 7g 8b Listening 1960s: 1 three meals a day 419706: 2 international food 119808: 3 frozen meals the end of breakfast Pronunciation 1 1 He won't be late. So stop worrying 2You just won't listen to me and i's really annoying. 3Li Yu will tak back to his parents. 4 Samantha will help you if you want. 5 They will nore what's good for them. 6 Children these days just won't pay attention. (@) rsner key Pronunciation 2A 1 flexible 2 strong 3 depth 4 throughout S truths 6 attempt 7 creative Blengths Pronunciation 2B 4 strong 2 four depth 4 said S deat 6 spread 7 fourth Bong Reading u They are all vary severe storms with strong wines, 2 Your own answers 3 4 The World Meteorological Organisation 2 There aren't many names that star with those letters. ‘8 They are the major languages of the ‘countries on the Atiantie Ocean. 4 The names help to identity storms. ‘5 They only used female names. 6 Every six years they start using the same list again. 7 When a destructive hurricane strikes, its ame is retired. ‘8 They are much stronger and more dangerous. 4 4 than 2 season 3in Atake 5 Greak Delta 7 general Brow ‘8 However 410 much 6 Your own answers. Writing 1 Your own answers 2 Yes, the extract folows all four ofthe tips 3 ‘The answer is probably b. It describes things in a way that shows the reader is not expected to know who the people are, fend the style does not suggest the writer is simply recording memories to read again when he or she is older. 4 At around that time, At that point 2during 3 Whenever 4 while then soon 5 ib 2d 3a 40 5c 6 4 adjective 2noun phrase S subject + verb Unit 6 Grammar 1A 1 wasn't written / isn't writen 2is paid is remembered 4.are often made S broken 6 are questioned Tare given Grammar 1B + Milions of pounds are spent every year by the government. 2.Some politicians are being questioned about thelr expense claims (by the police), 8 David Cameron was elected as Prime Minister in May 2010 (by voters). ‘4 The next meeting will be held on. Tuesday evening, ‘5 A number of decisions are being reviewed inthe light of recent avonts.. 6 Hundreds of people were arrested by the police at the demonstration yesterday.Answer Key Grammar 2A Aout 2done 3do 4 repaired 8 decorated 6 plucked 7 dry-cleaned Grammar 28 1d 2g 30 4a Sc Gf 7b Grammar 3A fairly 2alotot 3 completely 4 vey 5 very much Balotot T fairly Grammar 3B “Taking part in the lottery isa form of ‘gambling, but nowadays it seems to be quite acceptable. One reason is that it {ives people something to dream about, bbut this seems quite unfair as in most ‘cases the chances of winning are about a million to one, Of course, the lottery raises quite a bit of money and when as is the ‘case in the UK ~ this money is used for ‘900d causes, people seem to feel this is quite OK. In some countries the lottory thas been going for quite a long time. For ‘example, in the UK the national lottery started on 14 February 1994 — quite a romantic day! Some people have quite ‘complicated systems for choosing their ‘numbers while othars simply pick at random. Whatever you might think of lotteries, they are here to stay for quite ‘some time. Vocabulary 1A 4 Needlass to say 2 Oddly 2 Remarkably 4 Ofcourse Vocabulary 1B 1¥ conect 2x incorrect 3X incorrect 4 conect 5¥ conect 6x incorrect TY conect Vocabulary 2A 1 pocket 2 spending B consider 4niny S spare 6drt Vocabulary 28 1 ait 2 pocket Spay 4 fithy Smal Gloose Extend your vocabulary 1A 1 It took a huge chunk out of our savings. 2 Everyone wanted a slice ofthe piel ‘3 The company has a serious problem with cash flow. 4 1twas just like pouring money down, the rain. ‘5 How much di you splash out on that?” 6 The money just seemed to be swallowed up! Extend your vocabulary 1B 1 swallowed 2slice 3 pouring 4 splashed S flow ‘chunk Listening 1 Josh 2Harry ‘3 Andrea ‘4.Josh S andrea 6 Harry Pronunciation 1 The art of leadership is saying no, not saying yes. It is very easy to say yes. Tony Blair 2 Forgive your enemi their names, John F. Kennedy 3 Never never and never again shal it be that this beautiful land will again ‘experience the oppression of one by another. Nelson Mandela 4am not intevested in power for powers sake, but I'm interested in power that Is ‘moral thats right and that is good. ‘Martin Luther King, Je. but never forget 5 Being powerful is Ike being a lady. If you hhave to tell people you are, you aren't. Margaret Thatcher Reading 1 4 series 2 applicant Baudtion 4 mentor Saudience 6 judge 2 1 was produced 2was asked ‘Swere chosen 4.wore invited ‘S wore selected 6 were coached 4 1 The aim was to find Britain's best young speaker. 2 They were aged between 14 and 18. ‘3 They all had a desire to tak publicly and, passionately. 4 Tt.could be on any subject. ‘5 They had to tak about a subject or a picture without any preparation, 6 They researched children’s rights. 7 It was broadcast atthe end of April 2009, 8 He came from Bristol i] 1 playing Hamiet 2 delivering a poltical message ‘3 presenting a school assembly 6 Your own enswers 7 Your own enswers Writing 1 Your own answors 2 They are all included apart from (2). 3 1 proposal 2research 3demand 4 competitor S market 6 partner Tirade BackerAnswer Key 4 ‘backer 2 partner Sdemand 4 research 5 competitors, market 6 proposal Trade 5 1 proposal 5USP 2t0 6a Strom 7 therefore Aor Unit 7 Grammar 1A 180 2euch 30 480 ‘Ssuch so 7such 850 such 1050 Grammar 1B 4 such 200 380 4such Such 630 Touch 850 980 Grammar 2A 1X Incorrect. In a reported question the ‘word order should be the same as 2 statement, ie if wo wore interested. 24 Comect 9X Incorrect. I's a fact so we use the present tense: snakes are deadly 4 Incorrect. In a reported question we don't use do/dlid and the word order stays the same as the statement 8¥ Comect 6X Incorrect. The word order is corract here, but the verb changes from is tue ‘to was true when itis reported. Answer Key 7X Incoect. This is supposed to be ‘a reported fact so the verb stays in ‘the orginal tense, ie swatow (the present simple). BY Correct. Grammar 28 Note: When asking about a general ruth there is no need to change the tense. “The word order changes to the same as ‘a statement because the question starts with @ question word, 11 She asked me why honey is so sweet. 2 She wanted to know why bees buzz, 3 She asked me how bees tu pollen into honey. 4 Sho asked mo if honey halps heal cuts. '5 She wantad to know why a bee dies when it stings someone. {6 She asked me if pollen gives honey its favour. 17 She agked me if she would die if a bee stung her Grammar 3A 1a 2b 8a 4a Sb 6b 7a Grammar 3B 1 confirmed 2accused 3claimed said Sasked admitted Tassured Brefused Vocabulary 1A 1 gtoen weather buy 4 tar Size 6 shore Taloud 8 stare Vocabulary 18 1 meet 2stais ‘eon 4 peace 5 mest 6 beans Tallones B piece fares Vocabulary 2A 4 consumers 2 brand logo 4 slogan 5 commercial 6 target audience Vocabulary 2B Across 1 consumer target Slogo 6 billboard Tingle Down +1 commercial 2slogan Sbrand Vocabulary 3 1f 2g 3b 4d a 6c Te Extend your vocabulary. cute 2 gorgeous Sattractive handsome; striking '5 good-looking 6 pretty Listening 1 unusual 2 popuar 3 investigating 4 photographic, 5 Swedish 6 junk Pronunciation Homophone there hear Srignt write 4houwr our Geta stair Brake break 1Oway weigh Not a homophone 2sits seats Snot rote Twear were hair hearAnswer Key Reading 1 Your own answers 2 Your own answers 3 1 Sherlock Holmes is the name of a fictional detective. 2 He was created by the Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. 8 Most ofthe stories are told by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr John H Watson. 4 His most famous enemy was Professor Moriarty who appeared in The Final Problem. 4 11 Strand Magazine 2 The Reichenbach Falls, 3 The Hound of the Baskervilles 5 +1 While he was waiting for patients to arve, 2 One of his university professors, ‘9. When the stories started being published in Strand Magazine, 4 Conan Doyle wanted to write more serious historical novels. 5 No. Only Mosarty fell atthe Falls. ‘6 He never used those words in any of the storias, 6 1 admitted 2t0id 3 warned ‘complained Sbeaged Grofused explained ‘8 mentioned 7 tof 2on 3 from Ato Sack Bin Writing 1 Your own answers 2 ‘Suggested answer: Advert 1 does a better job. Ithas a more descriptive headline, gives more information about the em, and shows that the soll has looked aftor it wel. The seller also speaks very positively about the item and his feelings about it, and is clearly sad to sell it. These personal touches help to create a sonse of trust in the seller 3 Raver t Advert Product ‘Acoustic guitar | Laptop Product clear |Yes Yes from heaeline Condition [Usec used Age [Maden 1985 | About 3 years oid Photos provided | Yes Yes Damage /defects |A scraich on the |Some kaye don't ack work wel there's a email mark on the screen Reason for selling | The solr can't |The seller needs a play anymore | more powerful one Specific details |Yes No Included 4 1 Ihave kept itin perfect WORKING order. 2 There is 2 CLEARLY visible scratch on the back 3 Ithas no other visible DAMAGE. 4s in a pretty good condition. [no article needec] ‘5 One or two of the keys stick a ite... But apart from that it works WELL, 6 There's a small mark on the soroen 5 treasured 2 for butts hardly VISIBLE, 3 sony 4 after 5 sounds, looks Unit 8 Grammar 1A 14 Be 29 6n 3a 7b at Be Grammar 1B 1 Even if 2.Unless 3 providing 4s long as Sunless 6 As long as Teven if Grammar 2A 1 spoke; get hadn't met; be Shave been; hadn't lived; bo ‘Shave gone; she'd taken 6d known; have paid Twon; be Shad studied; be Answer KeyAnswer Key Grammar 2B ‘have told 2 came back / had come back Bike 4 had heard Sbe 6 bought T have sald Grammar 3A 1X Incorrect. We use wish + had + past participle. 24 Comect 3 Correct 4.x Incorrect, We use it’s a pity + past simple. 5X Incorrect. Wo use / don't regret + past simple. 6 Conect 7X Incorrect. We use / should have + past participle. Grammar 3B 11 took 2teling eaten ‘made Stoid Gato Taken 8 making Vocabulary 1 4 daycream 2 pretend 2 picture 4 fantasice 5 wonder 6 suppose Vocabulary 2 4 realty 2real 3really ‘real Salty real Vocabulary 3A, 1 follow 2nd Sauit mark Sive Ghave Tray Answar Key Vocabulary 3B 1 for the moment 2abal Suni 4 advice Sal the bils 6 true love Ttime Extend your vocabulary 1 1 back empty 3 fixed crossed Sopen Extend your vocabulary 2 4 truth ies Siles 4 truth Sthe tuth 6 truth Ties the truth Listening 1 Felse 2 False Thue True 5 False True Pronunciation 41 You don't have to listo distort realty. ‘2 How do you know f something isthe real thing or a fake? 8 Documentaries are about the real world. 4.In cea, there's no such thing as absolute truth, 5 I can't believe that this is for real 6 Sometimes things seem to bear no relation to what we already know. Reading 1 Your ewn answers 2 c 3 11 False, The new research is related to ‘dreaming about the task. 2 False. They are more vivid and intense during this period. 3Tue ATue ‘5 False. They die almost as quickly as they do without food. 6 False. We stil don't know why we sleep or dream, 4 te 2a 3d 4e 5b et 6 1 convincing 2iearning Sestablishes 4 professional Sioarning 7 Your own answers Writing 1 Your own answers 2 Your own answers 3 Suggested answer: Letter 2 Note 8 Email 1 4 ‘1 meaning 2wanted 3 chance 4 fact 5 thing mention understand know 9 see 10 Obviously 14 disputing 12 wrong 5 [A Preparing the reader for a dificult topic. B Introducing a problem tactful. © Showing you understand the other persons’ circumstances Recognising the other person's rights or ffots,Answer Key 6 1 Could | ask you to keep private calls toa minimum? 2Would you mind keeping your music down at night? Ifyou could turn the volume down that ‘would be much appreciated, 4 Could you atleast ty to wash up your things? Si you could clean the kitchen surfaces too that would be great 7 Number 3 and § are cifferent because they aren't questions. The writers use them to repeat a request or make a second request, and it allows them to do this without being so direct. Unit 9 Grammar 1A 41 wouldn't stand for that i | were you. Toll her to do it herself, 2 Paulo stood at the top of the building and looked down. Below him the people looked tke tiny ants. {9 Please, give it back to her. Maybe she'l stop crying then! 4 Boris came across an old letter that his father had written to him years before. '5 On the 14th of March the group set off Con their epic journey. 6:s:no good looking to me for the answer. | didn’t even understand the question! 7 Im going to have to think over your suggestions and Illlet you know tomorrow. Grommar 18 1 gone through so much, 2 think it through Set off 4 give it back Sick yourself up 6 come across such & nice group looked after her 8 died down Grammar 1C 1¥ Corract as think over is separable, 2x Incorrect as die down doesn't take an object. 3X Incorrect as look after is inseparable. 47 Correct as go through is inseparable. 5X Incorrect as come across is inseparable, x Incorrect as pick up is separable and the pronoun always goes between the verb and particle, 7¥ Comrect as give back is separable. Grammar 2A t.coming 2 inform Siistening 40 tell Sto pay 6 asking Tto listen B rock climbing Grammar 28 1isiting 2to rest 8 geting 4 wearing ‘10 clean Serving Vocabulary 1A Noun: architecture ingenuity inspiration prespeity ragion Adjective: comparable inspirational prosperous symbole unprecedented Vocabulary 18 1 unprecedented 2 global ‘symbols; prosperity 4 architectural S region G ingenious T possible Vocabulary 2 1 raise 2rose Sirising Arise Srased 6 rise T rise Braise Vocabulary 3 1 triggers 2dueto Srresulted in 4 consequently Sled to Vocabulary 4 1 lurched 2slipped S landed 4llost his balance ‘collapsed Extend your vocabulary 1A 4 reborn 2 reconsider rest 4 recharge Srecycle, 6 rescheduling rekindle Brit Extend your vocabulary 1B te 2d ab 49 st 6a Te Listening tb 2b 3a 4b 5a 6a Pronunciation 1 Different 2Same 3 Different 4 Different 5 Same 6 Different 7 Different Reading 1 Civilization / Leader/ Capital Egypt / Rameses Il/ Thebes France / Napoleon Bonaparte / Paris Germany / Friedrich the Great / Bertin Greece / Alexander the Great / Athens India / Mohandas Gandhi / Delhi Mongolia / Genghis Khan / Samargané Fome / Julius Caesar / Rome United States / Abraham Lincoln / Washington 2 4 Civilization 2 tum-based computer game 3.0 build an empire to stand the test of time 4 the ruler ofa civilisation 5 choose which historical civilisation to create answer key (3b)Answer Key 3 recruit 2eonquer Snegotiate 4trade Sdevelop 6 build 5 44 20 3a 4e 5b 6 Your own answers ee ‘l Your own answers 2 1 trams, bicycles, (walking), cars, buses 2 she's old (she remembers the 1950s) against 3 Suggested answers 1... introduce a new tramline, 2... around 2600m. 8... that the money be spent on improving existing services, 4... teplace the existing buses. 5... that the Council creates more cycle lanes, 6... making driving an unattractive option. 4 1 While, convinced 2 Moreover, svagest 3 Although, assume 5 No, she isn't being serious. 6 Environmental issues woren't a concen in the 1960s so people didn't know it was ‘bad idea to stop using trams therefore people weren't being stupid. She also suggests that it might have been the City Council that decided to stop using trams, implying that they were stupid then and possibly acting stupidly nov. (@® Proven Key Unit 10 Grammar 1A 1D defining 2D defining 3D defining ND non-cefining ‘5D defining {6 ND ron-defiing 7 ND non-defining Grammar 1B whose 2uhich who 4which Swho 6 that / which which Grammar 24 1 After talking / Having talked 2 Fearing Shearing / having heard 4While waiting S before saying @ not wanting On discovering / Discovering / Having discovered Grammar 2B 1 1e 2d 3f 4a 5b 6c 2 461352 Grammar 3A 4 The thing 2Whet airs 4What 5 The thing ert 7 The thing Grammar 3B 1 The thing 2itwas 3The thing 4Wnat Sits/ttis What Vocabulary 1A 1b 20 Sd 4f Sa 6c Vocabulary 1B tees 2eurst Swept Atoars Beried Extend your vocabulary 1 hurt 2bIow 3 touched overcome S pained Grit Extend your vocabulary 2A 1 crack 2 sniggering Scackle 4 giggles S chuckling Extend your vocabulary 2B 1 snigger 2echuckling 8 cacking 4 giggling S cracked Listening 1 False 2 False Tue aTue 5 False 8 False Pronunciation 4 What many people don't realise is that ‘chimpanzees and other apes also laugh. 2 itis laughter that helps people relax. ‘8 The thing that surprises most people is how contagious laughtor is. 4 What was most interesting about the survey waa the number of people who claimed not to have laughed recently. 5 itwas Darwin who first noticed that ‘apes laugh, 6 What often decines as we get older is how frequently we Iaugh. Reading 1 Your own answers 2 Your own answersAnswer Key 3 [suggested answers from text] ‘Advantages ~ convenient {you can store all your books on one davice), the device remembers your place in the book, you hhave the choice of aucio or text versions, ‘optional extras such as an interview with the author. Disadvantages ~ you don't get the ‘fee or ‘smell of a book, books no longer have a ‘unique appearance, books are no longor part of your ‘environment’, no physical ‘contact between the user and the book 4 1 saying 2 decides ‘Shappened 4.was staying Bteling 6was 6 1 completely 2 covered Bitter design 4ples inside cover 6 lines cut into the surface 7 Your own answers Writing 1 Your own answers 2 i giving 2 They are work colleagues. 3 Business achievement a) ‘nameless 2applause ‘S.achievements “4 nominated Sstatt 6 privilege 4 itis an honour and a great pleasure to bbe here today. 2ittcame as no surprise when I found out that she had been nominate« 3 itis fitting that her work should be ‘acknowledged inthis way. 41'm sure you! join me now in congratulating thom all fr their achievements, 5d lke to share an anecdote with you. 6 thas been a privilege to work with you. 5 1 were fying 2d boon ‘3 were travelling will remain Sas traveling Ginvited Tio join B could discover sent t0to st 11 expiaining 12was 6 Suggested answer He's showing that she has no interest in socialising with big names or enjoying a rich lifestyle. She prefers less fortunate people to enjoy the fruits of her success. Answer KeyMacmillan Faveation Between Towns Road, Oxford OX43PP division of Macmillan Publishers Limited ‘Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-230-42938-5 Taat, design ad illustration © Maemillan Publishers Limited 2011 ‘Writen by Robert Campbell and Advian Tennant First published 2011 Al ights reserved; no part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored ina retieval system, cansmiteed in any form, or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the peor written permission of che publishers, Designed by eMC Design Limited Cove design by Macmlan Polishers Li Cover photos (ont and buck) by permission ofthe Museum af the History of Siene, Univesity of Onford/Keik Teach. ‘These materials may contain links for third party websites, We have no control oves, and ate not responsible fr, the contents of such third party websites Please use care when accessing them, Although we have tried to trace and contact copyright holders before publication, in some cases this has not heen possible concacted we will be pleased to rectify any errors oF omissions atthe easiest opportunity Printed in Thailand 2015 2014 2013 2012 19876543