seecceeesesereeesssooes Recommended to the reader ofthis book A GRAMMAR OF MODERN GREEK ON A PHONETIC BASIS J.T. PRING Published by The University of London Press seecesessvonesssooononees MdIY9 NYIGOWN TEACH YOURSELF BOOKS VO Clas S.A.SOFRONIOU With 2 phonetic introduction by J.T.PRING sy)The intention of all concerned with the writing and preparation of this book is to provide a standard self-teaching grammar of the contemporary Greek language. Other volumes in the series provide complementary studies in both Classical and New Testament Greek.TEACH YOURSELF MODERN GREEK ‘The Medorn Grock language is spoken by about eight milion people inhabiting mainy two states, Greece and Cyprus. It constitutes the presont stage in the natural davelopment of the language from classical Greek ‘through keine or New Testament Greek and Byzantine or Medieval Groek tothe present day. Like all languages it has undergone vasious changes in both Pronunciation, rammar and ‘vocabulary throughout its tong historical course. The main foatures of Modem Greek cutlined inthis book have been statistically determined from samples of both prosent-dey ‘Athonian speech and writing Contained mainly in novels dealing with contemporary Athenian ie‘THE TEACH YOURSELF BOOKS MODERN GREEKeee om ith i eae 098 o in the same series “reach Youre Modern Gr tad Yop Sater c ie tid Teoyat aan Ts Vey a TEACH YOURSELF MODERN GREEK by S. A. SOFRONIOU, ma. with @ Phonetic Introduction by J.T. PRING, M.A. THE ENGLISH UNIVERSITIES PRESS LTDrs printed 1962 “his ingestion 1965, Copyright © 1962 ‘The Engl Universes Press Ltd CONTENTS iwrropucTiox PHONETIC INTRODUCTION “The Sounds of Grek; Accent and Quality: The Gresk Alphabet; Pronunciation ef the Alphabet; Disatie ‘Marks and. Punctuation; Transtefation; Phasing: Pronunciation Berets, PARTS oF SPEECH PART I: VARIABLE WORDS NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES Exercise | ‘rms’ anp ‘raat’ Exercise 2nd 3 Exercises 4 and 5 PRONOUNS: ‘ay’, “YoUR’, ETC. ‘erin 6 PRONOUNS: ‘MINE’, “YOURS', ETC. ‘Baercse 7 (GENITIVE OF NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES Exerc § opxrrive PLURAL ‘Exercae9 accusanive veri 10 ACCUSATIVE PLURAL erly 10 and 12 2B 3 4 2 48 st 33CONTENTS [TELLING THE TIME ‘Beers 13 and 14 ‘COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES Teri 15 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL FORMS OF NOUNS “Asie Verbs; Present and Futre; Inge rerio 16, 17,18 and 19 PERSON AND NUMBER Bees 20 and 21 PAST TENSE Exercises 22, 23 and 24 papeRrECT, eres 25 se OP wd ‘Beeress 26 and 27 PERFECT TENSES ‘Beers 28 iMpeRaTive ‘Breet 29 and 30 PRONOUNS: “HIM, ‘HER’, 11", ‘THEN’, “ME, “YoU", Bers 31 and 32 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL FORMS OF ACTIVE VERBS PASSIVE VERBS vere 33 and 4 axeD VERBS. ‘Beer 35 PRONOUNS: ‘1, ‘YOU’, ‘HE’, BTC. Exercise 36 SUMMARY OF PRONOUNS 38 6 6 65 " 85 88 3 93 97 104 10s 3 us us CONTENTS: PART II: INVARIABLE WORDS Enercss 37, 38 and 39 PARTICIPLES Tercien 40 and 41 PASSIVE PARTICIPLES crc #2 and 43 ADVERBIALS enero 44 eres 45 and 46 consuxcrions Eerie 47 and 48 THE USE OF & FURTHER CONIUNCTIONS Exercises 49 and 9 VERBAL PARTICLES Exerc ‘PREPOSITIONS Eseries 52 and $3 DETERMINERS Eseries St and SS SUFFIXES COMBINATION OF WoRDS Dios (GENERAL EXERCISES ‘$6 A meting inthe ret 57. A tip to the funds $8, An evening out 49, Asking the way @. Fading 2 Oa nt ro 130 13 bs 7 ut 2 146 45 149 152 155 158 160 182CONTENTS GENERAL EXERCISES—contimied 1, Changing money © Siena 6G. A day ty the ea & ep Nagel, Kava) @ Mite og, Ravoaks) (6. Alesaneran kings (&. Kova) ey To Tap EXERCISES 7 (GREEK-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 209 [ENGLISH-GREEK VOCABULARY 221 INTRODUCTION “The Modern Greek language it spoken by about eight milion people iababing mainly two sates, Gresce and ME onsttes the present sage inthe natural develop ment of the language from classical Greek through fotre Gr New Testament Greek and Byantine or Medival Greek to the present day. "Like all languages it has undergone tarious changes fa both pronunciation, grammar and Yecabulary throughovt its lng historical course “The iam of pretentday Aen bas been sed a6 the model ofthe adem langhage which is described inthis ook. Ie‘most be borne Ja) mind, however, that some rope use dialectal forms (especially in Cyprus Crete and Rontern Grees) as well as forms belonging {o previous Sages fa the development of the langiaets The later forms consis the so-ld atharevoua language which is ored mainly in the wating of ofa! document, some Schoolbooks and partyin newspapers. The grammar of ay languages ie the map ofa country. Iwatempts to porta al the main features of teritory but cannot deseribe i completly. "That why expe tions are such a common and nceary pat of any gran mar, The main features of Modern Greek outlined in {hs book have been stieally determined from simples af both present-day Athenian sptch and wring contained ‘ain in novels dealing with contemporary Athenian ie, ‘The amount of space devoted #0 deat for and the order which hey ar eat with hav alo bon matty determined by thee slave frequency of occurence.“ It He boped that he wil benefit the student by drecting bis‘i TRODUCTION ftestion and efort to the fandamenal elements of the ieP in pleasant duty to thank Mr, Julian Pring not only tor hs Povo Intron but a for hs cotstant and fre gidnee, ett and hep throughowt te wing ts books Bee Devt Palipe has ao tndly put Sty doa is grat taowledfe of both Gomoté Greek wo past $A. Somos PHONETIC INTRODUCTION ‘Modern Greck is written with the same alphabet as ancient Greek, and the main body of vocabulary has been ‘handed down from classical times with its spelling virtually unchanged. Naturally the pronunciation has altered, in the course of time. But nobody can know what classical ‘Greek sounded like, and there is no reason to suppose that the language sounded any “better” then than it does Sidents of Greck must lear to read and write the siplubet as quickly a8 posible. ‘This 8 by no. means Pica te tagat spclon Aine al Ao vats ty tasy to makes and wien once you have leant te phonetic ‘aloes of the letters, you ean read the writen language Automatically, bratee the speling i logial and alnaye Deserves thote same values Th order to give you a startingpoint, the Greek orho- raphy inthis chaprr in accompanied by asinpletansp- fon iato Roman leer; and the sounds are deserbed in dea, wath reference to ther nearest Englsh equivalents, The lees ofthis transcription are alvays eased iin fare brakes,” Of eoure, this method eannot tell you tural enough what the qual of the sounds is ke. Iris very important for you to listen to the speech of & tative Grek at soon at You can, a0 that you any check {nd amply what you have read inthe book by wt yoo car in rel lie. Inthe Jong run you can only acquit & Greek aceat by inating Gree, Pay eazeful acntion fo the exercies in tis chapter, cause ffom here onwards only the Greckspeling wi be ave, and you wil not have « phone transripion 10 ip you. "n MODERN GREEK THE SOUNDS OF GREEK Vowels [a] similar to 0 in Jove. I] e in sel fn tin police fo] mo in gor. [00 in Poor Consonants [df gk mn pty) asin English [ah] similar to thin his, 1a OF See dog phones om [Ki] chin German ich or buch (phonetic symbols © 2. 1) mm Pin hast (aot fin ta), jghily rolled, as in Italian of Scottish [5]. similar tos in sit (not s in was). [th], tht in thick, Bon yin you. Note (1): {p t k] should not be given the aspiration, or slight puff of breath before a vowel, which is usual in English. : ‘Note (2): [a] before (k, [kh] and [s] has the same quality a in ankle, angle, etc. ‘Note (3): (kh] is also the sound of ch in Scottish loch. {gh} beats the same relation to (kh) as [a] does to [kl ACCENT AND QUALITY Every word bears a stress-accent on one of its syllables. In this transcription, the vowel of each stressed syllable is PHONETIC INTRODUCTION B printed in italic. Do not lengthen the stressed vowel as ‘much as you would in English. All Greek vowels, whether stressed Or not, are relatively short, and preserve more or fess the same quality ia all positions, "Do not weaken ansiessed vowels as You would in English. In Grook every word is uttered precisely and swifly, giving each syllable its full value without druwling or daviling over it. Say ‘the word {maial (Mary). ‘The Ast and third vowels ust not be weakened as in English Maria. Nor i the (i) Iengthened. Ta [monotonos] (monotonous) each o} has the same quality, although only one is stressed. Practise the following: [sinonimos) (synonymous); (paraitkos] (para: ‘yt; [katastrofi] (catastrophe): [Slosotos} (philosopher); {politkos] “(pottical); [analis| (analysis); fikonoma {eeonomy); [episkopos) (bishop); [ipotiesis) Cypottess); [thermometcon}(:hermometer). ‘ay special attention to finale} and fo}. The word [ne] (jes) must not sound like English nay, but like nein never. ‘The second syllable of (vuno} (mountain) must not sound lke English Know, but like kno in knot. THE GREEK ALPHABET 4 a apa faa BoB pia tvta] Toy baa [ehamal 4 3 bite {helta] Ee bye fepsilon} Zt thea [eral Hoy fe fia) 6 6 ora tcita] Zot lea fota} x ndxa {apa} Ah Bal pb0 {lamdha}“ MODERN GREEK wo {mi Moo y+ ini. = & ig ksi) 0 6 iuuegor fomikron) cia = at [pil Bo ge 68 {ro} Zonet oyna {sizhm) T + ow t Yb byt {ipsilon} ne @ gt (a) ow i 2 & bute fomegba] * Used only atthe end ofa word. PRONUNCIATION OF THE ALPHABET fa] doa faroma} scent. Iv] PiPlos [vivlos] Bible. [eh] before a, 0, o, ov and consonants: ira [ghata) cat. Ly] before, ah my & 0 eh oF: phos [vemos] ems. {an} defn [Sheoms) drama, {Za [eros lore. [el biog (llos) zeal {| Hon (chon pleasure, {th} Géargo (theatre teat. 1) la fahea) ides, 1k) wep feel} head. )Ados [thos} stone, {om} esos [ikros} tite, In} 9g {neos) new, young. Tis) Eto [kit] wood, nmaen Gene es PHONETIC INTRODUCTION 5 fo] decd (okt eh, Ie) eld oll mate IF) toe oes rol U1 Bator 788, mmo ones femon Wy choi: ood ea sre, I) seayodta (ego) aged. HL Gooe pact pe” Uh gon Pan] med, reo, oy ey 00 and consonants: che [khorot] chorus, dance eee ‘atin German fh before, ay 4 8 £4 08 ‘rietc hina cheat. fps) guzi (pik) soul Dae oan Apart from the above, certain groups of letters have special values: 2 er ai ene [i elpcavia [ironia) irony. {Sa af) psi yield ALD v: abrduaras [afto- ie lef] before 4, %, &, 2 0, * & 4 shedlowere to etic Bey fp Erg | ea fea “Anna lagi B land. iC Se fa mre ar ee16 MODERN GREEK fer fo wn ini: Ce) ber 13)” wen ia route lomat) tomate {od} when medial s>r90 [kendo] centre 3 [de] rhe [deal] earth. Note. ‘The pronunciation of, wn, 7 inthe mide oft word may’ rary according tc he partials Wordy and from one speaker to another; Thus the natal clement is sometimes omitted, leaving simply lg, by d) More rarely they are pronounoed asf, mp, You eaa only art these yaratons by exparens ‘With extremely fow exceptions, a doubled consonant Jeter (apart front 59) is pronounced as i it were singe. ‘hus “de done fen} no nna) asin alia, DIACRITIC MARKS Almost every word (unless written in capitals) has an accent over the vowel of its stressed syllable. There are three accents: @, d, @ You can ignore the difference between them; only their position is important. ‘An initial yowel, and sometimes initial p, bears one of ‘hwo ‘‘breathings ": d, 4. These signs can be ignored. ‘The diaeresis is used to separate two letters which would otherwise have formed a group. Compare xaigds [keras} weather, and Kigo [kairo] Cairo (see p. 15). PUNCTUATION ‘The comma and full stop are as in English. A raised dot () is the colon, and (;) is the question mark, PHONETIC INTRODUCTION, ” ‘TRANSLITERATION, ‘The connection between Greek words and their English ? 8 ma a eo ih ° ph x ch oO he Study the relation of spelling in these examples: zoos chorus ofoleto school Zoi’ (poly) ‘Boor idol Blos (bios) algbrrinds. aesthetic Gos (hypnotic) -—-Kéxgog Cyprus ios myth evtués, rhythm Bifio; Bible Spends hypienic18 MODERN GREEK PHRASING In ordinary speech, words are grouped together i shor phrases These are, phonetically single unis, and should Ee aid ac if they formed one word. Examples of such Uhlsarearle wih nous, noun with possessive pronoun, hepa partice mith ver, ta When we speak English Tee'Suespeccnt ls"malalyon conontnoras (Bou, ‘erbs,adjooves, et) rather than on formonords (aries, enjencions, prepositions, ete). The. same applies t0 Grek, where fomeworés ate usally treated as unempals, Sven when they Bear awrite acon Practise the following: ‘Mary ts at home. 4} Magia ero 0:6 ont {inact in stospti) d's you see her hat? Sor tlhe 10 wondtlo eres [dhenides tokapeotis?| vil you go on foot? ace pe ed dbs [thapatetnetapodhia?] please give it 19 me. Gi naganal nk nod x6 Soo. {feparaalo namatodhoss] 1 like bathing by moonlight fio laa, soloed pd xb peyylot {moaresinakotinbo metotengar) Certsin assinilations of sound may occur between adjacent words within group: PHONETIC INTRODUCTION 9 fi enone nest nnd sine ih 4.8 & Oh um 8 His Mogi (temas Mary's ‘en fal ii Sata whe inal top eosondat, the felling changes ret x [ng] axév wino [stongipo] in the garden, ger [mb] dr ucx096 [amboro] if T can 7-8 mgd] ody 20 [sangzto] tke wood. va (mb) 5éy aeigdZes [Uhembirai] it doesn't matter. oe [nd] & vd [endaksi) allright. 16 [nde] oni rodeea erg [stindzandats) in her bag. pp [mbz] 16» yozdr [tombzikhon] (All) souls” (day). PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES From page 30. “HE peéga elas nad, fimitera ine kali.) 1 Gusts aba 018 peydio. {leamaksi ine pol! meghalo} “H wipea soos Ganon. finikta ‘ine thavmasia Ti eyo unde eas yendco. Itomeghalo bar ae yemato,] “0 ammloas eivas x0i6 vas. opateras ine pol’ kalos] Brat fra Sgaio vogira. {ine enaoreo Korth] Eva suk no8b nah pedea, line myapol Kali mitera} Elvas Eas nods naids trbpwmos. {ine enaspol! kalos anthroposMODERN GREEK “HT to ebvas d8oxohn. {izo! ine dhiskot) 16 news evar Brown. {toproine ine etimo] Pes capi abs bdr dit a san ic Seatintepltye) oe cot Hee eri (i lat att ™ 7H ger we et 10 Tbe ea Sool Facer “Abeh elvar due} pow éxdBens. ic oa ele ae eck ces Season tet PHONETIC INTRODUCTION a H waght cov ebvat mois tear. [ikardhyata ine poli zest] From page 162. Kainudga ong. Te yiocores [Kalimerasas. ui yineste? Mois waidy etyagoro, daet; polikala eftharsto, esi? Th than Tx aes # dovtesd; “Hove. taidhia.” pos pai idhulya? isikha Elva woiya vd dovistes waves fine krima nadhulevikanis 16 ba vé00 Oanptiow wags. ‘menstoso thavmasio kere. Zuuperd adngdoraca. Tip eoxésern ‘imfono plirestata. tinerkhomeni honda tuos tonne bob pees Bde evdhomadhaomes, ekhume diyo meres adbia. Tl ylveras 6 ddctyde ag; Kaid cba 1 yinete oadhelfossas? alain. Tie ooilles ub porotee 714 ofr. tisproales merouse yasena Névo0 Séces aotdo’s yasgeriquais. "Arco, natudhosis polus Kheretizmis. adio,) From page 16 Mrogss né wtitjoo oxév wig» "Aiko, nagaahs; {boro namiliso stongirion aleko, parakilo? “Boa tewd xagexatd. *Eungés. enalepto parakalo. embros.MODERN GREEK “0 wus *Attnogs*0 Tos. ios alekor? ohios. "0 mous Hv 086. Elvan yk cy tiem Quien eer ine yupthe ab buqueplyecos x06 a8: aépeoa TCiamettamaton paraeanatera rl mooie. Mfg Bye xavéva Tiprelesaipos eee Kanena adtao régas Med oct vt HorcsEo, ‘tiathsimo tora? myosighmt oabtakso, shyie Tivo. *Atb, lace xoié vopeety ils pmo.” alo. iste poli Ukheros iyi Tv. “Exo tneibn fre ite pono.” ekto aksivos ena 0b 08 dvs xeignya. Tite pnogtve ‘osaskan! penis, pte borite nd x6 dees; Moga oneea fh ater, Tatodbte? boro sera ivrio, Wiad peed rls EBe Br véfer. 04 ote Boe a ees sadatitnsenihooo | xh duddovon, wal pangeee vd na Taenhing Kebore aapate real wires ons. Ebyooior6 x0hb. Hemononas. efkharisto pol | ag euaa mois badges. "Ey, ebgagir. i 2 fasime poll ipokhreos. egho, efkharisto] PARTS OF SPEECH Byery language has its characteristic ways of adapting words to perform their appropriate task in the stream of Speech. Grammar studies and describes these ways; and ‘when we learn the grammar ofa foreign language, we shall fncvitaby find a contrast between its Ways of using words and the ways of English. ‘The frst thing to notice about Greek is that it possesses ‘more variable words than English. Variable words are those whose form is changed according to their function ina sentence, This change is usually called inflexion, and ‘most often involves the use of different endings. English uses fewer inflesions, and relies more on other means of discrimination, such as word-order and the use of structural features like 10 and of. For example, in the sentences the doctor came and he saw the doctor, the Greek word for doctor (ywarods) has a different ending in each phrase. The doctor came is 6 yargds fod, while he saw the doctor is elBe 16 yarpd. This significant variation of the endings allows more freedom of word-order in Greek. Thus, the doctor came might also be Hole 6 yiareds. In Greek, variable words include nouas, pronouns, adjectives and verbs. Invariable words include preposi: tions, conjunctions, particles, ete. ‘Changes in the form of nouns are used to denote gender, ‘number (singular or plural) and case (as ia English / or me, ‘who oF whose). In pronouns they denote gender, number, case and person (J, you or he). In adjectives they denote gender, number, case and degree (big, bigger, biggest). In verbs they denote number, person and time, 2NOUNS Greck nouns are divided into three classes or genders, which may be termed M, F and N, as these classes are also called masculine, feminine and nouter.* M nouns are those which ean be preceded by the article 4,e8, 6 dofgonos, the man; 6 zarégas, the father; & Fudge, John. Their indeinite article is &es, eg. fas dGoues, a man; fas sos, a garden, buns are tne dc canbe preceded bythe aro 4, eo ndgra, the door; i Coy life; porate, the ‘Their indefinite article is wud, og. pad yoruba, a woman; jd forooia, a story. 1N nouns are those which can be preceded by the article 14, ©. 16 yoapeio, the office; x6 maid, the child; 26 pada, the bat. ‘Their indefinite article is a Bonde, a room. fra, eg. ra andl a child; Nouns are divided into the following main sub-lasses ‘according to their endings: ‘The nouns of class M end mostly ‘My os, eg. 6 di€gomos, the man Some end in: M, -as, eg. 6 xardoac, the father My -15, @.8. 6 doydens, the workman * There is some corlatin of gender with ses, 72 MODERN GREEK ‘The nouns of class F end in: F, ty eg of ddekp, the sister Fy 2 68. 7) yovabea, the woman ‘The nouns of class N end mostly in Ny -0, 6g. 16 yoageto, the office Ny -4 eg 16 aad the child Some end in: NX) -a, eg, wd Bowe, the name : diferent other sounds, eg, x6 senda, the bar; 5 ywagat, the garage; 73 ps, the light; 14 rélos, the end. : Note thatthe article , 14 may be used even infront of et names and abstract nouns, eg 6 Tvéryne, John; Ne H"Ayyiia, England; 6 Atyovoros, August; » Gan lifes 1 2004, joy. ADJECTIVES Adjectives can take three endings coresponding tothe thre aes of nuns, Thos" good” can be (0 ade, wat, (N) naid according to the noun with which iis used, e M. 6 welds Bfoanoy, the good man Ff nal yoratea, the good woman N. 20 wold nad, the good cid M. 6 peydiog fos, the big garden 4 neytig dg the big door i 26 peydio Bodeo, the big room “The three forms of the adjectives end mostly in M 25 8 nai Fn eg wali N 70, 08 xald NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES » Some have thir F form ending in -o, eg 4 Oasudow jriea, the wonder mother 1 rats So he nw Goat tooo the nee st 2 mhobaua poten, the ch woman Those are the adjectives which have a vowel (mainly 9 before the last vowel. sf mY ee (gence aot vigra, night Seoaegds, cool jo a Wie meanest Vee, lo Lire = See Oe, pee 10 winos star peydtoc, The garden is bi ‘H Gor doa Stowoin Life ts itteal © 14 ago tras trou, Breakfast is esd, 5 joxdg ebva paySt0, The bat is fal 18 udss eiva wawosouo, The cat is new, LH vigra tdoas dgocep, The night is cool "H pupeéea eisas sais vais, Mother is very good, 4.Thix, and many sna sects, could abo be exrsed in a tect word ord, og akoroy thas} Co Te eee ee tore fiiiy in wenf-ordr to Grek en’ ee NE30 MODERN GREEK “0 twdoumnog elas vad, The man is good. “H Magia bor fra Boyne naga, Mary sa wonder ‘ul ge ee Biba jad dgate yoratea, Se is a beautiful woman. Bhat fd rs a a Sti ey god mae 10 retnag eves odd ways, ee 1s aanoign tee. pain he new ar 8 bi “11 Gore tga, Life iy beaut : A Morel ripe thes bapa, The ol ae wonder EXERCISE 1 ‘Translate: 1. HT pureéon ebvat nak. 2 1 Gdge abvas 048 yeydto, 5 rg om ters 4 76 weytto yaxdp elrau peuao. 5. °O natéoas’elrat x06 ‘aids. 6 Elvas éa Spaio xooKeot. 7. Elvas wud ois wads ppeéoa. 8 Elva Baz xaiS naids G0qonos. 9. “HT bax elvas déoxokn. 10. 76 xo0B4 ebvar Erouto. ‘THIS’ AND ‘THAT? aie adjetivals® ated, tis, and &xebos, that, change theic endings according to the class of the nouns wih Which they are used, When they are followed by a noun the definite article is ‘always inserted between them. "Thus: M Ateés 6 door, This man “Abe sino This arden F ee poate, Ths women ‘ied 3 bon This ie N ated we ah, This hia ‘Ated 3 Gnas, This car M "Baus doydeng, That worker F Beals hes Thar gh N ‘Bhai 26 Bonney That oom ‘Asis 4 Steam evs nok wahée This man is very good "Brain 5) revi elas gat, That wom aoe Ave igh yt, This bark EXERCISE 2 Fill in the blanks: 1. Abed 6 aul elvae wad 2. 'H rigea elvan dooce 3. "Bieb~ 16 dudes elras peyddo, 4. Elva tras mols wah searéoag, 5, Abr 9 ywatva elas guts ihe term adjectival wed for ajectives which are use in spcal mays. By2 MODERN GREEK 6. 78 madd ~ Eromo. 1. "Braie 6 ios evar peydd— 8 “Ho ela don 9. 76 ode lve ye 10. ABx f foxopla’etras Oavudor- 11, Elyae éva Gada xogizot, 12, Abrés 6 — 13, aorf 9 — 14. Abed v6 — Negation is expresed by puting the negative parce Surin font of te we, 0 TE ead eben Trou, Breakfast is teady. 70 ngaibd 86 evs oy, Break” fast isnot ready. 74 wenigBer elvan youtna, ‘The bat ot ful Abe 9 sdpea de ces poy Ths door hot Se VOCABULARY. ray, was, were (he, she, it) afotouoe, rich was, they were 6 udécopos, philosopher foc, new, young iyo, a litle 9 oxida, gir ‘ofapds, serious 36 dpe, ‘party deme, sad ebroiauésos, happy Hot aéooyos, wonderful aero, sly ‘owords, correct 76 nauinagé, night-club EXAMPLES Elvat éva Oavudow aaubl, He is a wonderful boy. "HL yoratea ier iecruésn, Tae woman was sad. Aitdg 6 GOpans elvas 2016 cofagds, This man is very 5 mégto sro» énéooyo, The party was wonderful. ‘THIS’ AND “THAT: 3 OH va wonéita Sér elas ebrogiquéon, The young gic is ‘not happy. Abd br sivau aword, This is not right, Ekvas ott dvénro, I'is very silly. Abed 6 maid ebvar etzopiouivo, This boy is happy. 19 FiBoyos elvan nots nhotows, George is very Fch "0 Petros elvas iyo Zermudvor, Joh is a Wl, sed EXERCISE 3 Translate: 1. “Braion 5 penatea Hear x0%8 data, 2 Aixé 26 sal elas wots soroponio, 3 Ts wapcxagd 869 Hees your 4:0 Miboyos elas nots drdieos 5H tor ba Goan 5H pardon thoes jd aokS nad} yrvaiea, 1.0 narlgas aba raz Geodata £1 Meter ott cob. . Aiée 6 eae dis elvan wey, 10, Aévs der eivas words | MO 1. '0 Paooeh ebvat Bras neydlos qeidoopos. 120 Mian jar tras epics paiboopesTHE PLURAL OF NOUNS Nouns form their plural in these ways: 1, Nouns of the frst class (M) by changing (@ The article 5 into ut i) My. The ending -o¢ into -o1, e.g 6 difigamos, the ‘man; of aOganor, the men. Ma, "Theending -as or -n¢ into -es, e.g. 6 croas, the man; of drrgec, the men; 4’ éeydens, the worker; of deydres,* the workers. 2. Nouns ofthe second clas (F) by changing {9 Th ate it ot : i) Fy and Fr." The ending 7 -a lato 4p CO taes eine eo bia 4 ade th day of ples, the aj Some nouns of sub-class F, change the final -7 into ig ©6. # 2b, the word; of Ades, the words; 9 oxyn, the thought; of oxéyes, the thoughts. Such word may also be written with a final -is a the singular, e.g. 1) 228, i oxdpes. 3. Nouns of the third class (N) by changing (@) The article 24 into 14 Gi) Ny, The ending -0 into -2, e.g. x4 rospdgo, the gare; v4 Torpdoay the igaretes. Ny The ending cinta; of td dy the ca; *é dudbua, the car 4 Mot nouns entng nw o fe (ented) frm th pura by sang the foal stoves og! mand pr af mote & uM THE PLURAL OF NOUNS 38 Na The ending ~a into -ara, eg. r6 oda, the colour; x4 zedyuara, the colours Note that 4 endo, plural = rd padp, x6 nauagh, BL= vd xojragl, +6 95, light, pl “ed pareTHE PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES ‘Adjectives associated with nouns inthe plural also change their endings. In general, there is complete concord between the forms of nouns and adjectives. That i, every change in the endings of nouns is accompanied by a cor fesponding change in the endings of adjectives. Adjectives form their plural by undergoing the same final changes as ‘the main noun forms. Thus, they change the ending: (M) -0¢ into -o8 (F) -m of -a into -e5 (N) -0 into -a Eg (M) ‘0 xatés diSguas, The good man. Ot natal dodgonan The good me. “0 todpanos eres nai, The man 6 0d, Of dadgones ebot maak, The mea are go0d- (© ‘H vat yortea, Tae good woman. 01 naidy porate, The good women, 1 pina evan ea, The woman is 3003. 1 fooates eleat alls, The women ae good. (0) Te toad sds The good child Te at nat, The good children. Ti sat c naid, Te cil i good. 1 sued stot wa, Ths children are good. [Note that some nouns are more commen in the plural than in the singular form, eg. vd paddy the hairy rd iyedin, the lips; vd Jeprd, the money; 1d Ada, words, falky rd ddpva, tears. Ed THE PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES 397 VOCABULARY sal, and 4 orem, consequence te or Bes, evo de Rete en Sagara, necessary, ine nad bad spt Eor, Sond, veogep, young man $6 edna, colout 6 yan the le 0 here A Miia, Atos asi, far Zedowor, geen sos, watee eos, black 20s, cold EXERCISE 4 ‘Translate 1, OF vigres elvar doocends. I ie tee ey 3 oer a chee ep coe EET ine 10, “Eva aaubl fear #80. Té dita naidsd Feaw mold 11. Abed B06 Bou . udu evs jy wal Spoor 12 Osnema, ol yt ald aa tira sxe 13, Td xoldd Jeged 060 eb dxagaterra. 14. Té fo004 paitud ebvar dain 15. "HT dian ywatea déy far x06 wal. 16. Abed 16 yodua ebvas zedowo. 17, Abed v6 seed ebvax nolo.38 MODERN GREEK EXERCISE $ Fill inthe blanks: 1, Té peydd- Seapdein. 6, of dpa yoratear. 2. of aid arroes. 1. xd aig paitid, 3. 8 coBag- dOpanos. 8-H) ayeveer— °ADiva, 4 Bon mere dd 9. ud déoxol- Zar. 5. pd Oamudor- tcopla. 10. 4 dgat- zetin. t THE PRONOUNS ‘MY’, ‘YOUR’, ETC. ‘The personal pronouns expressing possession are chang for perion and'nunber at folovss wT onanere ‘Singular Plural ‘has, out ‘ous, your ‘ous their ‘Thete pronouns are put after the nouns with which se astoceted. ‘The noms are preceded by te artsy oe ene the howe nie poe; my Roose 1 Sonate mie £6 broud woe, my ame © pln, the fend 4 oe pas, our tien 4 Goydos te fa 1 leapt ow, tel fly 6 yéot wor, my hand; 6 navéoas cov, r father; 4 preteen, Bet motel: 5 Whee ae oat se ‘nos pas, our gardens; 4 leprd ag Gout oe When the nouns are preceded by an adjective the pose sive pronoun i usualy put betwcca the ajesive a ae noun, eg 74 duds the car 14 navoter dutty the new cat :“0 MODERN GREEK 16 xavvodgio pow dudéi, my new car ‘ed pata padiud, the black bait 1d jaioa ens padi, her black hair *H nat} woo wqeéoa, my good mother; x6 weydto rye naudl G waidg ons pilex, your good friend: of Sour good friends; +4 peydla tous onieia, was pdlos, our good friend; salad aac elon, their big houses, ‘Sometimes the pronoun is put after the noun, e.g. of aol pli pas, out good friends; ed aia paid ov, your Back hair} 74 Goata aérux ems, her beautiful eyes VOCABULARY Abst, sister 6 Adeipds, brother 26 npsocno, face 6 Oeios, uncle Beda, aunt 16 mops, head 16 moniol, glass uveoés, small prayts, poor demrée, thin aad, but ai, blue 4 obeoyérew, Family Sovaeds, strong, EXAMPLES 75 tooud jow ebvas *Arcpbas, My name is Andrew. 10 dbelgds now wal 8 xaxéons cov ebvat gliot, My brother ‘and your father are friends. Th mqdocind tov Arar 02S copianh, His face was very serious. Th nde rye elvae peaTon, Her eyes are black. FH Gbzayéved cov ebvat soto, His family is rich. *O navigas oov ebvas waite 89005, Your (sing) father js a good man. Ti roves ton fear yendro, His glass was full. PRONOUNS: ‘MY’, ‘YOUR’, ETC, 4 om ic tes 2.°O Geiog was elvae wads dl Eee ATS asm rs Be i prec eny Tee sie By ey nie 180 Baird nn en here Wane 8 ova, 18 Bas a lis i 6 Rl he 1H ea oe a rorPRONOUNS: ‘MINE’, ‘YouRS', ETC, 7 “a Questions are denoted si oy cage peg HY by lntonation whoot ‘THE PRONOUNS ‘MINE’, *yOURS’, ETC. “H Maola ebvar abcd ag; 1s Mary your sister? senat pronouns corresponding 10 the English ‘Ng yog"7#@t bat fue oa Te tis glass yous? ‘nite personal Brn your ows, ec are formed bY the | “Oy, No, tapetve ads, Bo id, Fotlowed by the pronoun Hoe, coon : ts os vocaputary setve changes according tothe form of ts 2008, rf or mune ca Ms ds forest F 90) f Buta, work 1 neonndes, noon, midday Tr for elas N 306. se woe an tha tac | zit fot eg gery vice ‘in the following paradigm duds is as i Petic ata, ae 4% Ondeo, the matter a Phat |S radio, hat 4 ved heart Singer i | 00d, pow, mine to ee, EXERCISE 7 Sete oo, ours sou Bex ame, Yo Se eros Translate: ba |B Ated 6 bono ete Beth om % | died abet boc was add. z | 3 Bova dosd cag bed od eandt; begun 4 5 peonudor saw xolb Coons, ‘Aid 1 ante elvan 816 cory Tis Bouse is ib. |S Add onydon eves dade. ‘it © Soe ds ces bd ou, Tia mae is 20tYON"- 6. ‘Egor voy tar nod dover ‘Bie ocd woo 18 doped, Ths money is 2.0 Paseyer sive Bogor bs pas. eb or oe eae own eat is sal. Bee gegen cts boas Pi ee ae § Beer oe ne eecpman ten eee ws by theme 12 "H xaghd row ebat mold besey. Nat he impeston of tho above pronouns + Borde wow mpes mine, one object ses Soe in, acteral objets of class My dod roy “hs several objets of class NeeGENITIVE OF NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES ‘Both nouss and adjectives change their form to denote singular or plural number and also to denote case according {o'iheir place and function In the weutence. Besider the ‘nominative case that we have been considering as basic, they have two other forms in each number; the genitive ‘and the accusative. z "The genitive singular of nouns is formed by changing 1, QM) The article 6 into rot (the indefinite article fas into érés) (The acide into vg be indefinite po into (8) Tie antler into z08 (the indefinite fa into 0. = 2, My, The ending -0¢ into -o8, 8, 6 de (elovs & vjn0s, gen. 108 rv. 5 My The ending a5 into -a, eg. 6 drrgas, gen. 109 arcon. The ending -ns into -m, e.g, 6 Tidrmps, gen. t00 Tider. Z Fy. The ending -1 into -ns, €- 1} Adelor, gen. vis diel gen. roo ie ‘ Fp The ending -a into -0s, eg. won, Bou vs srrcéoas. i Ny. The ending -0 into -o0, og. +6 ror, gen. 08 Ne. The ending -t into -1f, eg, 16 naib, gen. tof ‘naib. No. The ending -a into -aros, eg. 16 Dvowa, gen. r00 Srijaror. \ i GENITIVE OF NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 45 ‘The gonitive singular of adjectives is formed by changing the endings in the same way. Thess 2 M6 reyes, sn. ct erin Fo) wey, pen. is peeing N. xf pei, B00. 00 pyClow The asentmay be rove to the following sal a some nouns of sub-class M, and Ny, eg. 8 decane, gen ob dslpdov; 1 dade, gen ro8 Sojuartovs and fa nouns of subclass Ny, eg. v6 258, gen. to cobnd “Adjectives have always the case of the nouns they qualify. EXAMPLES Tod peydlov deparion 108 jatboov Guat 08 Eat zecparos 76 yatyo duds +6 fwd yoGua The ase ofthe genitive The genitive is geoeraly wed to express possesion ot appurtenance, ep. Té troua 106 malpa joo eves Boole, The name of vay fe Bas ee "0 ddeigds wow elvax gihos 06 Tudgyo, other is friend of George’s. . Cee “Hera 108 onte08 pov ebvas jen, The door of m) house is black. ie Seay4“ MODERN GREEK 76 nr 8 Kao Hr Seng, Come party wat wonde ge tua woo eras ud The color os Th oye ig, prctgas. 208 gov joo eat Magla “rhe fame of my fends mother i Mary. “HL tor vig“ ADipag slr Sowa, Life ji m2 MODERN GREEK ‘The Past Perfect tense is more frequent than the Present Perfect. It denotes an event of the past which occurred before another event of the past, e.g, Tita ord enter rov Ud tebos ele gye, I went to his house but he had left. ee VOCABULARY 4 texan, surprise 6 tayo, work ‘oftvo, put out (the rego, art Tigh) epiéro, 1 wait Siéreta, completely ‘rd nda, news & Dousc, anger nox, never Axozrd, T acquire excl, there EXERCISE 28 ‘Translate: 1. "Exo zon 6a poo ré zornara. DAH bexinty elye oftoes Ghinela x6 Seys vor. 3. "Eyace sip ga tov dd eke dxoye joes ba wad ito. 4, Alo tye bet and x6 loyo hye. 5. Blge dviyer 16 votydgo ov wal epluere. 6 Ab slzar doves vd na. 1, Aép eles selon ofp xégra. 8. dey dzw ader nord yoo exci. | THE IMPERATIVE ‘The Imperative form is another significant variation of the verb, Tt expresses command or request and occurs in the second person. In the singular it is formed by changing thefinal 0 of the Indefinite into -e and removing the accent to the previous syllable whenever there is one, e.g. Indef. dozlow; Imper. dower stact. Indef. xoooxabiicw; Imper. oooxddnee, try. Indef, Séow; Imper, doe, give. Tndet, ‘Bde; Imper. Aéde, put. In the plural it is formed by ‘changing - into ~re or sometimes -ere, ie. by using the form of the second person plural, dozlore ot dozlacze, start; agoanabijore, try; ddore, gives Adare, put. Some monosyllabie forms add a final ¢ to the Imperative ofthe singular which may be retained in front of the ending of the plural, eg. és, say; 445, sees adore, say (pl). Some of class II verbs may replace the singular ending. noe 0f ~aae by the ending a, e.g. neoydonae ot eozbor, | proceeds zopoyéiase ot zavoytha, smile; ulinas ot ula, “The plural of such forms ends in ~ire accented, eg. dares speak: zonnyeiee, sil, “Another way of forming the Imperative, especially when the command implies a continuous event, sto se the form of the Present asthe basis and treat it fn he same way theIndefiteeg. yodpe, write, orwiteand Keep on writing fie, see, or S00 and keep seing: yodpers, write (Bl): futxeve ce (ph). Tn the cae of verbs of elds I he nal “oof the Preven is changedinto aang the sccent is removed to the previous syllable. ‘These forms are not diferent from the non-continuovs forms, eg meozioa, proceeds rout, sop. 9394 MODERN GREEK Some common but iregular Imperatives are Zia, come, | B, fier comes doe pl dot, abandon Cave lon); {df g0' up, naif, go down. Another way of expressing command or request is | using nd and the second person of the Indefinite, eg +2 | ‘edyers, (You must) write; r4 yedyere, (Jou must) write (Pl). In the case of a more continuous event vf ie need with the Present, e.g 94 yedpers, you must be writing r4 reigese, you mt be wen, fegative command or request the second person of the Inde ‘expressed by yo and © 8. 1} reapers, do not write; 1} yodpere (pl). For continuous events jr} is used with the Preset, eg. yoj yedpew, do not £0 OM writings jo yedpere(pl). The particle of ay also precede the we, 8. mf gh Yedprs, do not write VOCABULARY fio, leave a 26 tarsi joke rere, auickiy on, bring Wgub ua Jotro, 1 write hore, throw oo ty Hook, bal xarepaiva, I go down EXAMPLES “Bia &6, Come bere. Mijyaore bust, Go there. *Anotore 104 os x0, Listen to what I am going to say to Slowey Wake wp. Ni pops Go tvay. Mi eozoeiaers, Do not proces 2 : i IMPERATIVE EXERCISE 29 9s ‘Translate: 1. Kietse x4 dria cov. 2 Kieiove vd pdtia az. 3. “dae xd doteia. Tid dé of igega, Higase of Sovied cov. “Baa vd Sele ud v4 pda 000. |. Stiwa wal eb} doa déva, Todye x6 dvoud cov. 9. Zrauéra #6. 1: *Aoriote vd Toayoudére. . Nd yodyers ated 76 pedauara, . Nd Rare ové Geto cas, 13 Nd netrere 286, 14 Md obi «6 9, 15, My nets vivore. 16. N4 ph givers. 1. NA sh nate ta 18 Mace amyd, nagaxat. 19, *AvéBa 2}. oxeia. 10. Karta xéro, EXERCISE 30 Translat 1. Do not run, 2 Run quickly. 3. Go slowiy. 4, Listen to your father. 5, Close your ears. 6. Open the door. 7. Do not laugh (pl).96 MODERN GREEK 8. Do not eat (sing). 9. Go to your house 10. Write. | Do not waite. : You must not drink a lot of Do not talk. Do not move your hands. 5. Stay here for half an hour. ‘Throw the ball . Continue the story Do not leave me alone. | THE PRONOUNS ‘HIM’, ‘HER’, ‘IT? AND ‘THEM’ [Nouns which are used as objects of verbs may be replaced by certain pronouns. As such owns ace muslly su the accusative case the pronouns which replace them are also in the accusative. One such pronoun, that of the third person, has three forms corresponding to the three classes of the noun. These forms are identical with the accusative of the throo definite articles. They are: Singular Phat (M) tr, him ——to6e, them (F) jp, heer, them @N) 26, it wd, them The above pronouns literally stand for nouns when the context makes the meaning clear. They are put in front of the verb, except when it is in the imperative, eg. Elbe xév x20; Tir ela, Have you sean the garden? T have seen it. eg len; Tye Have you wen May? 1 ave een het, lec 1d Pidtio ov; Ts eDba, Have you sen my book? T bave wea fe “Ayonds rote Welpots 05, Tobs Byand Do you love Your brothers? love them. “Balers vg nigres; Tis Exitos, Have you closed the doors? Ihave closed them. Mes vd yoda woo; Td ga, Did you receive my Testers?” tesived them, > 798 MODERN GREEK ‘Hig aixé v4 xovigt. Kota vo wad, Take this glass. Hold it carefully. Erayéra rove, Stop them. Zroudsa ty," Stop her. ‘The genitive singular form of the third person pronoun PRONOUNS: ‘HIM’, ‘HER’, ‘IT, ‘THEM’ 99 after it and drop the accent or remove it to the previous | syllable," eg, Adae te Hlyo ve05, Give her some water. Héze poo ia pipilo, Get & book for me. * The aset is rmoved when the previous word his the acent on is again identical with that of the definite article. In the the third syatie from the cod, eg. “eit rou nfp nore, Ope the pla Singular Plural QM) 100 08s © wg rots @) wo vob ‘The genitive is used when the verb may take two objects. In such cases the object which can be replaced by a pre- positional construction is in the genitive case, and the other ‘object is in the accusative. This happens whether the ob- jects are nouns or pronouns, eg. “Bdoaa rob Fubgyon bra Pipa, gave George a book. The genitive could be replaced as follows: "Ebooa ba Buptlo oré Tugyo, I gave a book to George. When the objects are pronouns the genitive is put in front of the accusative and also in front of the verb, e.g. vetoes, 1 ge to hm lialy = on 3800) ‘oe tle pds lovogla, e told her a story; ws ele, he told her. 64 08 ies Bea Boazuds, be wil ive you ten drachmas, 108 16 yeaa, 1 wrote ito his (or for him). ‘When the verb is inthe imperative the pronouns are put fy identical with the accusative of the M article, Seer for him.PRONOUNS: ‘ME’, ‘YOU’, ‘US’ 101 e.g. Kalnuéoa cas, Good morning to you; Kalrrévea cas, ‘Good night; Feud aov, Good-bye (to one person); Fed ous, THE PRONOUNS ‘ME’, ‘YOU’, ‘US’ Good-bye (to several persons). The fist and sesond persons of the above pronoun are: VOCABULARY lar tural rbeior, I sp f @yfpea, teuth ee ree Peto ttl of ramp) “acetate be pot mas Fowlers, quality Fonteo, think 2. got om ‘Buorcés, private ‘yoga, found ‘The first and second persons of the accusative case are: ie Pion eres, T ring up. fo, 1 buy roy 1 Be Sigur Pheal [eo ip, nook 8 yrpeston; imp 1 ue is 16 Basoaos, Russian 6 xouns, 2 oa Jovian 1 squowze 6 yaorl paper raters Hepat iy pi a n Prime, T look for sia, make, co MoG etre, He told me. trandtoy 1 cry ‘Zé slda, I saw you. | 64 ct ora Wi yara, I shall end you the things} EXERCISE 31 Zaz eégaouers, 1 thank you, Translate Rofeats je ord wérua, Look me in the eyes sce thud wt [Mi nat ‘eylepanniets, Do not telephone to me, 1, Bye potid wana ad vd $y die ee Ba ren Ge me apr DS eee de ‘Maz Bpepe nod mpdyara, He brought (to) us many things| 23 ob ag al Be 84 ods xiges ovjy “Fradia, I will take you to Italy, | 4 Tév Euace dé x6 yéot nal rod pianos, 5. Tép coasor yué vip motiryras The geiive of the pronoun (without a wsiten ascent) 6 “O aerdgaz nav pl forte ob Tbr ots. aay also be used after celain prepositions, adverbs orf eeu uaa de ets, Cx pa mom roe eyes hi" act my hn ed sxdbw 000, on you; moré jo, neve Gn my lie) vos a ia La alone (by himself); dueds woo, mine.* eae ee ‘The penitive is also used after Words denoting greetings sameway ihe soe pron sngular of eh 1 wan, may als So pe fe be you mat102 MODERN GREEK 1 bby b neguore: 5 2a hatte tos 9. Tos Baie oo Ol tm 10. "Aydgara tra fiflo xal x6 didBaza of jud jdea. rt Abr lovee 12. 2 mapaxalnda yuk notéy xa 13, 36 ruta Povoo! : 14 700 Boyde ed 4 15. "Bure Becta 16, Ady Bye bet ort pow, Th M6 ey alge waraldpen 18. “yap wfc 19. Tagdea pe 20; Atos, Sima ne vopls. 21 “doe pe nd pty, 22. Tiy elle wal 8 pate 23. 16 pow ef» thee 24. Mf pot ve abe 25. Tip flere, 26, Tuart pot v6 28; ated; 21. Otte 008 Bbw vie repo; 2. Bie ona Es . Las yrupilo aigd. 30. Af 00 vb nave. 31 Tiyave wal of aequésov. 32 "Brospar yigw so 33. “Byo nd 008 ni wunova da, 3 Al oad od nn 35. Tut tr dplowee nd pve; 3 Bieri tv oer St 31. ie uw sola yoo 38. Of or6 a. (Bd ooo sd aa) | PRONOUNS: ‘ME’, ‘You’, 103 EXERCISE 32 ‘Translate: 1. She tuned and looked at him, 2. He did not tell me anything, 3. Go by yourself (alone), Come beside me. 5. Fetch me a piece of paper. 6 They call me, 7. What did father say to you? ‘They asked him many questions. 3. Do ring me tonight. 0. Show me the garden, I. You must always tell the truth, T don't believe you. ive me two bottles of beer. 1 do not know him. 5 They didn’t see him. Al the family is waiting for you. 7. Get a taxi for me. 8. Talk to me about this affair 1. He went near them, 1 Good morning to you. a S 6.SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL FORMS PASSIVE VERBS OF ACTIVE VERBS Passive verbs are of two classes corresponding to the two f classes of Active verbs: Present Indefinite Past Imperfect I. Those ending in -onat. So - et I ee ee ass Dot eee eee ee Bena dermal es 2 dente degen doze: aogites follows: ein dele Mere, stant eerdfouas, Lam examined aerdZerau, he is examined erazduaore, we are examined erdeore, you are examined @erdZoveai, they are examined LdoniZone doglooone —dgzioaue 2 dpyleere pziocce dinate 3. dgzlGoor —agzloww — dagyuzen " Sing. Passive verbs can be grouped in approximately the same subclasses as Active verbs, These sub-lases determine the form of the Indefinite in the following way: Lcranar® cropanjom axadenon orauarotea 2 exanards oranarjoas otoudenoes oxaparotaes Sorauard orapanjoet oraudenoe orouacotae | Ja, Verbs of this class form the Indefinite by changing Plural : soja into -00* 1. craparoipe orquanfooyie cranarisque orquarotoqye Zojsat into -090 orauardte orowathocrs crquarjowre orojacoboate Spojat into 66 3. crauarodr oxquanioour orauéenoay avauarotaar eg, wisfouae, T am closed; Indef, seu. yrontouat, Tam known; — Indef. propio. HerdZouar, 1 am examined; Indef. Heraasa. aropiae, T ara lost; Indef. zac. * ial a,c, oy be epic by 8, io106 MODERN GREEK PASSIVE VERBS 107 1, Verbs of this class form the Indefinite by changing | _‘The Past tenses formed by changing the final -@ of the z je Indefinite into x and removing the accent to the third ‘ops into -996 sylable from the end, eg. Proj into “96 (Pronounced rome) "(pronounced tho) Indefinite Past as eign Vik tle tude ses iterasrs ——ewdotnxa 1 was examined atecouat, Lam picked up: Indef. natevda. sees Se Ses aa Te, Verbs of this clas form the Indefinite by changing | Zpupré sobreya hid myselh “Touas, -yonat, ~zp0jat, ~yopear, into -756 nenoere ——agoodzrmea Twas noticed © AAdtouan I am changed; —Indef. dZAay6. Beebe Deda ioe dvolyoua, I am opened; Indef. dona. oe pina 1 ee delpouar, Tam shown; Tadef. dai 006 aren Ene Sk Peszopan, got wot; Indet. Forx6@. | Tye past tense is conjugated like the Past tense of Active Td. Verbs of this class change -oyat into -06. | vids, 8 eg gégquat, Lam brought; Indef. pegs. ‘Singular Te, Verbs ofthis class being irregular form the Indefinite in oldnvay 1 was found the following individual ways: I ‘eebives, you were found Poloxopat, 1 am found; Indef. foeta, ‘aiiineay been fond! ‘équay, T am given Tadet, 00, Plural sralgroiay, 1 am taken; oxézouay I stand; PéZouae, 1 am put; todryouan, I am eaten; arrvtaufeoopay, T understand; Indef. aapH, Besbrxaue, we were found BorPrreare, you were found Botbrea, they were found ‘The Imperfect tense is formed by changing the -ovat gatvouat, T seem; Indef. gard. ‘of the Present into -dyowva, ©. zeigouas, 1 am glad; Indef. 7000. tia ‘The Indefinite is conjugated like Active verbs of class Ile, ree seer oe iedévona —aefariyoora 1 was feling ocd Bocbooue pdrouce yasinowva was being lost octets ocbetre ‘éerdouar ‘eferalduowa T was examined, Boeder Beedooe Pelowoyar ——Bouoxdyovra ‘1 was (situated)108 MODERN GREEK It is conjugated thus: Singular alabarduovsey I was feeling alodarécovva, you were feeling alobanérave, he was feeling Plural alobarspaccar, we were feeling aiodardoasras, you were feeling aicSavireave, ‘or aiobavdyrovgas, they were feeling ‘The Perfect and Past Perfect tenses are formed by putting {qo and elya respectively infront ofa form that is identical with the third person singular of the Indefinite, ¢¢ Perfect Past Perfect Sing. yo zaller, have been lost etza abet, 1 had been lost 415 zobet, you have boen elyes ga0er, you had been Tost Tost yet qader, be has been elye yale, he had been lost Tost Ploral Fore yaler, we have elyaue zaler, we had been ‘been lost Tost fyere aller, you have elyare zafet, you had been, ‘been lost Tost your ater, they have elyay aber, they had been ‘been lost Tost PASSIVE VERBS 109 Sing. ovpxootuar,T am moved xoarduat, 1 am held aujraretoai, you are xgatidoat, you are held moved ovynwervat, he is moved xgatuéray, he is held poPtuat, Lam afraid ‘popaoa, you are atraid ‘goatee, he is afraid Plural aujuootuacte, we are ‘moved ovyuvetore, you aro ‘moved cvyavobreay, they are moved ontuipacte, we are held vontore, you are held xoqtwirea, they are held popiuaote, we are afraid ‘pofiiore, you are afraid pobre, they are afraid ‘The Indefinite js formed by changing the endings -odjau, yas oF -Wbuau into =r, eg cuxonba xan ebnb Its conjugated in the same way asthe Indefinite of verbs oftlass I. All other tenses are formed and conjugated like those of verbs of class I, eg. coynertOna, I was moved obi, V became afraid ga gopilct, Thad been scaredno MODERN GREEK, ‘The Imperative of both class I and II verbs is formed by changing the ~@ of the Indefinite into -ov and removing the ‘accent to the previous syllable. -63 may be changed into cov, while -786 and -er6 may be changed into -yoo, ©. arrelpon, get marsied ‘nbyou, think oxdoov, stand up xearfo00, hold on aren, appear ‘The Plural Imperative is formed by changing the -6 of the Indefinite into ete, e.g pavers, appear eabette, stand wopOeie, think ‘Negative command is expressed by so and the Indefinite for the Present according to whether the action is fied or continuous, eg. 1} goPrbets, do not get afraid #0) popdoat, do not be afraid ‘wh goprfetce, don't get frightened Passive verbs are comparatively rare in Greek. This is ‘because events with a Passive meaning are usually expressed bby Active verbs and the accusative of the personal pronoun, oe Las stopped by my father, Mé arqudence 6 waréoas ov (lit, = My father stopped me). ‘When the subject is undefined the verb is in the plural, eg. He was brought in, Tér géeave joa. | Sryuduay, T remember PASSIVE VERBS ut VOCABULARY ‘srpénoyat, I am ashamed — &xévavrs, opposite -epipnyoc, famous gatrovat, T seem, appear Sleoyat, L'am given Hiolgaes, proud ovramudros, moved, upset Helorouct, Lam (found) gersontes, it 1 ndtons, foee $2 Ferydan, couple roots, T dance Gromddouae, U get ready Geridaufdvoyat, T undet- stand, perceive owuduct, 1 (g0 to) sleep oxéprouan, 1 think (about) uat, Lam sorry anrebrojiay, T get up dndroqa, suddenly agaferesoyat, Tam sure arvoevoua, I get married ofan | eae dlotuat, T get lost eréxopat, I stand ene EXERCISE 33, Transatet 1. Mrgéamyae pe ari. 2 ME donde, 3 Daten meipavos pars 4 Toga Beuntutcce ob bero xdropa. 5. Boloweeasov6 yeapet. 6 hnduae 1 Bynnee dxéropa. 8. 7 wolees nagaberebeme. 1210, /ditos meee Blea Ti mony goed 6 Blixaoe pepifre. MI, Zrdbrbe Cabra non PP” 12 74 mepipnuo adr 8dr. 13, Bodie pro. 16. "Beeb, gasdear ovpaomuley,2 MODERN GREEK 15, Zeexdrar blsia vo. 16 EEnd porte Prtora gatoray Bos cert 17, “Bromatévar vd oéyeu 18, Aas vp lye dreinpdet 19. Otiet vd ey marrgevrel 20. Abs uogotoa vd ours Bn vizea 21. Koytfeoo. 22) Sedyow watd 23. Mip éromdteom, 24, Eedoos 83. EXERCISE 34 Translate: . I do not remember you. >: T cannot think now. . I_got very frightened. (Lam not sorry for you. 5. She got ready very quickly, He stood near me. - T cannot sloop these days. 5: Do not get lost, . Where is he (Found) now? 10, Sleep. MIXED VERBS Some verbs such as Zoyouae, I come; xdBoyay, I sit; rbouas, I become, have a Passive form in the Present and fn Active one in the Indefinite, ‘Thele ital tenses ure as follows: Present Yozojat, Loome xdBouar, T sit plropat, 1 become Indef, flo nablow ox nda ye Past gle, T came —wA0uoa, T sat Eva, T became Imperfect xsuora, L was xaBduowva, L was yoxinovra, I was ‘coming sitting becoming ‘Their Indefinite Imperative is a, come xidiae or wérae, sit lov, become ite uallore yovire A rather unique Passive verb is eluat, I am, which is conjugated as follows: Present and Indefinite Sing. elyat, Tam ‘laat, you are Past and Imperfect Juowr oF fuowva, Twas oom), you were loa, he is ‘rav(@) he was eluacee, we are jjuaeay, Wwe Were lore, you are Joasrae, you were elvay, they are te) ey vere nye Beyms MODERN GREEK EXAMPLES: "Hebe cvjy" Etidba ué xéurooa Reged, He came to Greece ‘with a lot of money "Boyeoas watt yas; Are you coming with us? Kadiote zagaxaié, Sit down please. “Huowr xésce xoorty, 1 was five years old, VOCABULARY ela, Tam what? opt, without 9 Suiila, tlk 4% Oeanon, will 6 pnzeoteds, engineer rovgagutros, tired ‘edbouay, I sit (down) yeuinids, low x6 mpanetdet, small table poouat, T become EXERCISE 35 ‘Translate: 1. Bloa tvas tofgaros yools 6é4non. 2 Eluaore 0} xovgacptvos. 3. Kadwoay you dnd bra gapinld rpareCént. 4, 04 tobe atu. 5. KaDévay dicia vov. 6. To6 ele vd alice, 1. “Huowy rire bvéa zoori, 8 Ab Aege ef podra, 9. Mi wabiaes beet 10. "Eidze 24 due avd Oéargo, AL "H éuitia cas Hav meet. 12, 6 lows pngeresds. 13, Elrau dux6 prov, 14, Ti biere aagawada; THE PRONOUNS ‘I’, ‘YOU’, ‘HE’, ETC. ‘As has been stated, person is denoted by the ending of verbs. “Sometimes, however, especialy when emphasis or txplaese i eqvired, the pertonl pronoun is uoed. ts forms are: By, 1 duet, we én, you easiz, you ‘aird3, he abtod, they ¢4, *By6 nya ovlp *Ayytta, I wet to England, eis 860 Higlare, You did not come. Another form of the accusative case of the personal noun® is dudva, me; duds, usy dota ot obra, yOu; a oF 8, Yous 6. word o'iuéva, neat me. Mdoias & éots, Ho was talking to you. The above. pronouns usualy answer the interogative ajative noid who? (gen. nol, Whos), og. Hobs tpaye xd xogroxdita; Who has eaten the oranges? “By, Y i). Tove eta "TeaZol; Who ate Telians? Bus of tees, We thre. OTHER USES OF aos, ETC. Howes sivat x6 abzoxlonro; Whose is the car? hat doc5 yor, Ws mine, See page 100, S | |16 MODERN GREEK EE nowt toon zorara; To whom havel given money? 2 pi, To us. Note that i, what? (gen, os), is another common interogatve adjective, Te ein ard; What is this? Tivos eis abeé rd zazoteoue; Whose ate these shoes? ‘The Greek equivalent of English reflexive pronouns such as** myself”, "yourself te. s the noun d dave followed by the appropriate possesive pronoun, sie, my, 40% Your, ef. This phrase usually occurs asthe object of verbs, Bidaw xo) Eavré poo, 1 se mysel, Airy, poatea Pitzer viv kad 295 over wabgérr, This woman sees herself in the mitror, VOCABULARY souls, who? 76 pol, clock, wateh ‘hvoc, whose? yd, 1 mood, 1 hate ints, we 5 davrds, oneselt sets, you (pl) 6 dxaroyyvqiotzos, million- EXERCISE 36 ‘Translate: 1. Hous Otere; 2. *Bocis, oh soulters; 3. Tiros elvar aed 15 xaxédio; 4. Musa viv bowed por. 5. Od Béow rpete Soaqués of obva xal roets ards dBels PRONOUNS "T, "YOU", ‘HEY, ETC. 6, "Euets dev eluate baron rgiotyor 7. 36 nouin tooa 4b polét pov; 3. "ui wr} wits georas. em é "Eyé Bow vir baved por. Hows0t ehvas aid 16 novel xd oxigeas 47SUMMARY OF THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF PRONOUNS* PART TWO ‘Nominative Genitive INVARIABLE WORDS 1. 6 1 1. pty may 2 doit you (Camiliat) 2. 000, your | 3, abr, he 3. voi, his aii she ie, er ‘ie6, it ‘06, its 1 ets, we 1. 4, our 2 toes you 2. ome, your 3. avrol, they 3. toda, their aes, they caixd, they Accusative | 1. wg me or pera | 2 G8, you ‘obra 3. edn, hima ain ‘Up her izle it ais 1. py us uae 2 as you — @pas 3. wove, them ateods i them leds wh them aed ‘These pronouns have been dealt with separtely ia previous shapers (pp 39,4297, 100,118). 118ADVERBS: ‘There are only about two hundeed invariable words, but being in very frequent use, they are most important. They are monly very short words) The text Ray to cai them is by considering their place and function in the sentence. "Thus words that are usually put after vecbs in order to modify them are called adverbs, eg. Te maudid Froefer duet, The children ran there. Miaase oy, Speak slowly. ‘Most words that can replace Za? or ot in the above or cquivalent sentences are adverbs, eg. Ti nauhd Eroefaw soi, The childeen ran a lo. Te audid Eegetar yoriyoqa, The children raa fast Mj idee vga, Do ot speak now. ‘The commonest adverbs are the following: 4865, here aiiore, previously drei, there dawn, sometimes, then iro, up as, already sxéro, down rocé, never alow, behind die, again ‘xgoord, in front 0b, earlier ioe, somewhere else wre, then ‘rea, 10% ‘ows, perhaps Borage, after, lator Oe, yesterday vole, early dvrore, always apie, tomorrow Gijuw, otherwise ual, together Beep, yet Frat, thus aryd, slowly 1am MODERN GREEK, Many adverbs are formed from adjectives by changing the final og into ~2, eg. Adverbs owe, quietly said, 'wal stvoda, easly gee Sufiienl, rather ‘yolvood, quickly douoregd, 40 the left ‘Adjectives that are in the comparative or superlative forms can produce adverbs in the sume Way, 8. ouorease, let atiregos, better absreoa, better evodreqns, worse zeioirega, worse jidwatog, most easy Sixoldeata, most easily VOCABULARY segnad, 1 walk éerdto, I examine eugrd, often Gioxegaaried, piercingly 4 Tiledeaan, television Aono, 1 forget 16 abl, journey, wip Tous, straight on et, tothe right dep late, slowly wabagés, clan, clear a, Inde day, T ery 4 poalid, spectacles ———_zeoleeyo, strange, tious EXAMPLES Tegaéea ory, Walk slow Tlogwoiovittee ovpsé rpladearn; ‘often? Té would x00 Sobteve yoyed, His brain worked coolly. Atjoio 64 née vagids, Tomorrow we shall go on a journey. 10 you watch television ADVERBS 123 Unyatvere 8:54, Go right. Exgagurd no}s, Thanks a tot. EXERCISE 37 Transatet . Bice wrens Aaya Iran tvs al coi . “Apuae foward mows tov ové Clas |. Bikwan xobogt yeatrd rd peal. Tar debate txegarrer. Elva wii dante ortn . Th Os vd dro, eee andro . Tip elye Adeehu inononjor 98. Kisere yeiyoea. 10, Tivaye nabt dik) dxeioe pique alow, 1. Na mate Toa m'borega deft, 12.0 Fideyon wayudeat dept nal foi vole v6 ago. 1, Mob xowoive 18 gies ton, frou. EXERCISE 38 Transate 1. Come here quickly. 2 Come beck now. 3, He has eaten and drank eoough. 4 You had beter come fonowrow~ 5 He han come, 6 Walk vey slowiy. 4. Comte agnin. 5. Now you laugh but later you wil ery. 5. Tomorrow be’ will be betty 10! He wat Tooking at hor curiously124 MODERN GREEK Some adverbs that are formed from adjectives end in -g, ‘This happens mostly when the adjectives end in -nc.* ‘The following are some of the commonest adverbs formed in this way: Adjective Adverd apis, exact éxoibr, exactly etiinpinig, sincere eUiuzpuvds, sincerely ooniOrs, usual owvjbic, usually ebwwpig, happy ebruzde, Tuckily Some adjectives ending in -o¢ form adverbs in both -a and 2. vélews, perfect eheles, completely, or rélet, perfectly vide, simple deus oF éx2é, simply Eeranros, occasional derdberox or Eran, occasionally Some adjectives end in vet They form adverbs ending in -u, eg. Pabis, deep dud, deeply ao’, Tong pang, far miaris, wide lavud, widely + Tee 1e very few such adjectives, sch a8 dey, exacts ators sbere” They ae eed fo ‘Sig. OM. & F) ‘Sing. (8) Bees cen ‘eat tier Stages Paral Phra iors tieporh “ expo nant = + Footnote on opposite page. ADVERBS 12s VOCABULARY 4 owyypnpdas, writer 6 mordut, river biagxtic, continuously sls what? 46 = 106, here Nea "Ydoxn, New York oovende, consequently EXAMPLES. Ekvat 1 ga deibeua dnoipias, It is twelve o'clock exactly. Ebtoyais r6 dopdnio strat Zeord, Luckily the room is warm, “Exizwe eielog ti udzia tov, He closed his eyes com. pletely. EXERCISE 39 ‘Translate: 1. Wiyane bai offs 24 daoyeijara, 2.°H Nea "Yéorn ebat wold pargud xb 86. 4} They are destined as follows: Mt x Sing, 6 fate 5 os oF patios 08 fabs "sé Bade "eé Bobs Plural of Bali of Babes xd td ri» Badiiy vie Bo xv Ban oie abot “vig Babes ed add A quite individual adjectival ending in has already been wed ia some of ts forme tnd whch is declined 98 sti, mach, wish follons: ™ F x Sing 6 nods § a0iag x6 ald a6 Rodded np mall xo lod Tar mens Pol 4 nad Plural of noddat xd molds ‘xin mole ‘is noldin tole Rodda ed hold125, MODERN GREEK 3. Zap de ettugurg. 4, duowoyis dér yo doped patl pov. 5G ile or cee tty 5. AE us ypdpare amends Bes foMous. 7. '0 Xéoye thas nots ove vai eilorgnis did Sév [Oba eee pl corona femme elas dras Babs, cvryoapeas. 3. Abus sb movin elvae 20M fae. 0. Nd pipers. "Aldibe 04 otis bubtoune, 10 Male tgs id 86 sade aye 12, bio dros vd ub apioete Hovyo. 13. Zorfdac dy do ord ooend, GiAd yMls aya becdiros. PARTICIPLES Some adverbs are formed from verbs by changing the final -o of Active verbs into -oveas for verbs of class T, and -ms constitute a feature of all languages. For our purpose Greek idioms may be broadly divided into two lasses: 1, Real idioms, ic. those which do not conform to the general pattems of the language. They are mainly due to the lingering of older forms of the language oF to the influence ‘of foreign languages. Such idioms are the following: a fer, all right & Adov, besides & don mepertioes, in any el 8° Wag, otherwise, oF cate else segs eo, for ocd mot years er ple'eizety, for example Soo dpoga au, as far as T EE Toov, equally am concerned er dpe, pactly Byes bal ipn pov, Utake into 4& obras, in spite of ‘account ward vd dda, in other gd. arvds, above all respects Giang SuSiory completely & dpovs ov, on your éga” sedans duquponiac, ehalt ‘beyond all doubt 2. Apparent idioms, ie. those which, although conform- ing to the general patterns of the language, sound peculiar to English-speaking people. A considerable part of the language is idiomatic in this respect, and only'a few such idioms can be given here. But a knowledge and command of them is absolutely essential to anyone wishing to know the language properly: 160 iDIoms 161 14 nardpege, he managed it ¥4 Face, he pot confused, lembariased x6 tovgone or6 pat, he ‘tucked in to the food vave Bilaaca, te made mest of it ot dade, 1 ike Ugo Sina, Tam right Begs what the matter wth you? 80 nod vd dipe, bythe way, ‘Row Weare onthe subjeet odle tito, witout Fait ‘bpe co eat it out ora eird, don't give me that . sal Bia, of course ty lias 84 val Pac, Tam not 2 fool dud, 2 vopuces; Yes, what id you think? sives nate, iis cold Rodeeret td see, Tam to ao, T shall go hte 06 Wages, altnough they knew ‘eel Foy ere ny hou toe, al of them Frou xt dius, in any Frat wal Fran, 30-40 Rodita-nodea, Sst of all ivece yospora, be quick ‘edbe Bika, on the contrary $4 fageidoay, nevermind, ‘who cares, bother! 6p resgdzes, it does't matter 0d dus 06 04 Ou, we ‘hall go in any case sounds, £04 névonne well ‘what thal we do?GENERAL EXERCISES VOCABULARY Tt yircore; How are you? jowzla, quiet 6 thon, same 34 mela pity Senpense, T agree Hhngéstaa, most com- dexdueree, nant pletely 1G moodies the other day dvi, Teave arto, good-bye & ager, grosting EXERCISE 56 A Meeting in the Street Translate: Kainuéea ou Ti yiscore; Weis zal, byoqers, tvs rd Tae Hos wise 5 bovtess; “Hovgla. Elva xoiua wi dovtetes vets tra xbo0 Bando xa, Zipped sinodorara, Tip tener) dPooudba Suos Bonne Bu pets thea Ti yisctar 3 dents ons, Kit sha. The ngoittes ue gorotee yd otra. Né vob Séosts xotdods yasgerioyots. *Avtlo, 192 GENERAL EXERCISES 168 VOCABULARY Exdueves, next oxonsio, 1 intend ‘ovvobeto, I accompany xd xaroyégve, T manage goood, 1 try 6 mo, island Biasréoars, especially savorEan, T fix, arrange epré, T pass Sxdozouas, 1 promise Bepaurs, certain EXERCISE 57 A Trip to the Islands ‘Translate: Tip éxduer Eoutiba xonete vi do) raids ooh Mézora ‘nd lies loc. Odes vd pb ovnodbeics kteha noid ati ty El 0d vd xoanizo. 4 roocnabrjow Sua xal Od cos xB abeto. Mépdoowr on xd myoud x00 Alyaioo nal Barréeos # Monaro. Tevonitinas v6 v4 xavolocs vd ters al 94 megdoorpe Gado, AE cof Sndozouer, Id vonio xb elves opsdéy ffaso a 56 Eo.164 MODERN GREEK VOCABULARY xavéoas, no one, one, some afte, 1 play Boxyudton, T try anopaatte, I decide EXERCISE 58 ‘An Evening Out ‘Translate Mo 04 nine dxdve; Né nde woud, Obargo f of xavéra 008; Nopike bz Eyer bra waid plige avd Tatas. Tales & Adgers *Oiipie nal i} Toje Zyuors Mixog eloat 6 “Ader vod aldo: Nal, aired elva. Nopiers ss 0 Poodue Sécete etvoha: AoradConus ido 08 foots Glacis xine of navtva xo05, “HL jwiros Beles vd xdue vd gage ual vd uote ori Uda; “Onos voulters. 75 dpivo of obra. Trlepdiva pov Spos ul dxopdowes oxle néree vb dadyenpia, GENERAL EXERCISES 165 VOCABULARY Aypitese, yen. "Azdiéws, bv fer, all right Achilles 76 orpiyyuo, turning GAéiow, stenight Soononesoua, 1 find dii- axpdfer, Turn culty 6 dorwptiaxas, policeman 4 yomd, comer EXERCISE 59 Asking the Way ‘Translate: Olt vd ates ory 85 "Anata, AINA Beynon xd Beduo Maoptite, cas nagawali, v4 08 beltere rd Sodus ‘Na g Stoua wal vd rtzo arolqyo wd overs dowortod, Mecé. vd. néges x6 batvego ovelpio bed eal 0d foctets vip 084 "Anadis. Bbagioed wots, “Av dooxolevtetc, odstnce tév darwptlaxa nob oréveras oxi yond x08 Bodiam. By vies, Noullor dye sii 94 sé Bet xoele xan Svar.166, MODERN GREEK VOCABULARY dyengde, hallo 4 Sxdteon, matter aoapéom, T mention Buabéowios, available i, hallo ‘rwye06e, lucky BoiBi, just 9 Butbore, address Sadzpene, obliged eplpnuos, wonderful EXERCISE 60 Finding a Flat Translate: Mroed 16 wifjow oxbr x. "Alban aaganahi “Ba tenes naganais, *Eunads. 10 Atkaos; 10 toe. "On Ivo: é86. Elva yd ofp tixddeon x08 Bapeglapaos ob ois toiguon vis meodiies. Miixos Eyere novia uadiowio zépa. Mob crip v4. xortigo, x. Tivo. "At, love x0l8 ruzseés, x. Hive. “Byo dxf: fra 08 ote hres sxeolgnjia. [bce pxogetve od 16 bette; Mood oyega Holgi, didd yard vie Ee “By teu Od ods Siow 1 BelDovon wal pxogetce rrdve nal pos eas. Eigoquotd zoi8. Zaz lua n0%8 bxbzpeos. Ey, ebgaqars, GENERAL EXERCISES 167 VOCABULARY *Ayyhuxds, English ‘rowed, tourist i Tedaeta, Bank 16 xadovaips, summer bos, foreign, guest ata, 1 change Eolocos, with pleasure wo canragein,agesy rors, open Sedprrirh I cash, change ro goprogiaya, nate gps Ta sagen, sbovt Heros made of paper FT singogoet,intormation Fell gondone EXERCISE 61 ‘Changing Money ‘Translate Maogetee obs aaganal v4 pos netce x00 ung vd yahoo pegods "Ayyhunds Uees; oe Byegiowws. NG xare of xavtoa owgurrind noastogeto ff (8 woud Tedxeta. ‘Os noid ga elas dvocreés of Todnater 1 walonales; ‘G5 vis rots dnbpenan Ny beet neo elvas Todt Ti, Wiles Dat ocd egrnpdanes asd agrovoplquaca, Eloete boo ndst 4 Hea abrls le nbgec: HT xovam loa ade aeginoy equmxiaues doayucs, al # lguion aegknon éybérva ctoveoei. Blyagirre a0i8 yed vhs adngoponles. esd ous.168 MODERN GREEK VOCABULARY 16 doraréoln, restaurant 4) SS, sheet wé Maren, University doyos, expensive 8 wardoyosy list 24 gayyrd, meal éeiace, here you are 4 fond, lamb 8 goteres, oven 4 peoiba, portion 9 outa, salad 4 pecownid, ote 4 gevotva, resins ovvareiduaiy T meet 4% ‘Oudroi, Concord 16 Eevobopet, hotal 36 xpéiied, trolley-bus _#} xaDogidens, cleanliness erorglo, I cost ngeino, | pay nore, single 126 ody oyu, breakfast etyaguornitros, pleased —_pditor, rather Pohexdc, convenient 126 peagods, walter 8 Joyapiaayds, bil 14 dora, change EXERCISE 62 At the Restaurant Translate: Mos ter ba vais érciariguo; Zojp db5 Hareruarnlov. Eas dress; Mot divers ba wardioyo gaynsin, angarals, 'Opiove, Sou. “Ey Sanudoto dgvisa v08 poiqvov. “Boaia.’ Dége was dvb peotdes ws caharteoa wal weed x00 Ghee el et, Nal, jud yoorxdia geraiva, Aouxéy, aéce 04 ave 14 botue wip “Axedaoln; “Av Oltets, aye 6 dxbpooua. “Be xfer, of dpa; GENERAL EXERCISES 168 Eels roets wal jo os 4 0 ie; Znjp “Onéroia, te dad x6 Serodogeio Aba. Méreis det xored; “Ont, udvoo ub pliovs ovfe Kuptin, ud elvac iro neues dered ub x6 tpSihet. "Kad pévete vored ofp "Ousrora; Nal, pire otra mused Soodoreio ob. Révecan “TT Kediagutrns Midor 08 crazier; Tixgéne 40 Bgaquée yd bre word dopo wal my Eloas eiyoourennévos; Matior. "EE Wiow jot elvou aguerd Polixd ynart toa vd nbrtgo te blew. Txagaér, Héoa tyooue vd xingdoorpe; *Anboog. C4 ot; phon x5 opapiaais, 64 doazuds. glee ade oo. Zaz dooce <5 gaynely Nal, eax xeplpnpa, ya.10 MODERN GREEK VOCABULARY 5 Abyovoros, August Sebios, standing 1} exdpou, excursion aipdet, it matters x6 sword, drink anéze, is distant 16 Jeopogsio, bus oraceég, shaded xobioré, sitting ‘prowd, naturally My meine Bea cs 15 nay, svimming-costame yaldévos, blue drdpavos, transparent ohend, V sim warzaigem oon, knives and forks 4 Be ei 1 deploy teach eoriiiy pete ued, thick xd sauprby, game § pai, seashore 49 cable, avern, pub overeat, dlighthil 36. at (ph. vd. poyed), 8 ears, sky food 16 wglovitio, crystal —— ayo, iad Gataaoids, of the sea £6 puovoy fruit ‘i tobegarela, sunbathing £6 ponder, eating and rod spread drinking Jaino, tam avay 6 frog, slop Aeagateyros, indispensable wd pence, bath, bathe 1 exog), season daoiaupieo, enjoy 3 nflgra, Blanket ‘wipuoc, dead diese, I follow 8 yeoioudey return Higgs won, nae ove, Virgin xooaey fatigue 6 Bod, mouctain Gerben Tm. come 16 auito, plate panied 8 avvmoriqués, crowding x4 xeayos, song GENERAL EXERCISES m EXERCISE 63 A Day by the Sea ‘Translate: Erle boxanéres Abyototon, x06 elas vig Hovaylas, Sot ive bxdoonh orf Oddaaca fj 016 fond. Exelon vf uloa saree lt aot, cm goed wa nt at ow of pepiia waitin, pact wd xovjoua, sada Lszuigorigoora. “Alias pap dturtnd abtonity Gow pb Iecrpopsta. "Eretdy tdoya smolts whoo, plreras narr06 jeyliog omaceance ud 94 Poor Coorg, Tohtol dev moderna vd nde wabireol ddd Bedion. os usodtes Sus, dipos f Ouadeon 86r ela upd, “H Sdiacon be dies nos, nal Bao abe tet Od footy aie gaa dupovbu Tey rove Bute eles vd youn 4d Bote bra creed peor. 0 valli nootuuder goat a pepo wal send neta ward exh ud. OF veo. Pklow Sudaos vd poops rows sal néproor ov6 vegd. “HE tiie “Eidddag elvae wayevrve|, yaddtva ody tov oigard 7g, nal wabiagy nal Buipary ‘ote ‘xodaralla, Kotyunive,, xaleoor Gadanowk saupribia sal miro ‘Wuobeganeia pé ris does, 75 weonuége negeeot rive of soplores. MA of nequa- bxegn x6 credvowy xéti, xal rede ed payed nab Eon shes wall rows. Ads detees obce 5 ngaol ae 4 nayeonémy fesiea. ‘Anagatoyra abv wal xd geotta. the coz, "Votega dd v6 payoniee avecow re xobloues rove wa 14 olprow ovbr fave. Té dndyenya dxodovtel Gita orton tel tio payonde wal Brey bat popes ulvwy de dy 1d vd xd dnolaiaour. "Av nal Bio ebeos opin ele oteaon, 6 yueicuds orb antes ovvodeberas wl pela eat reayotbiam MODERN GREEK VOCABULARY ya, when, 28 soon 9s NogPnydy Norwegian opts ey Eo sien hear, serous ronBosieo, Ta off Pts note Sion, ence $i, tongue & mado, pilot 2 besice een 4 oye cours, passage xavomndc, regular sraiués, old 14 wagii, boat, ship th ald, ship 6 dpa, port 4 rfotagyoc, captain weed, distant 1 ruler, plotboat orotoyé, tal to myselt 18 conexant, pipe troernyiy ego (3d) rondo, clay (ad) ovidoylowat, 1 think suitenontoes ehoughtal 36 otitis, chest cranpontns, essed EXERCISE 64 Translate: “0 midécos Néyreh 10 Nayrah Xdoucoe, NooPiyds sutédso¢ ovt Kohéyno Gua Bre ravowies nogela. ord naodpia 08 godyar rid robe dyvaarovs weal jpaxowoss Lyuéves xarlfave ov) Rgwa tov Bagi, vidoyiaubor, né <4 yortgd td you tov od offs cravpayuéea, vara Bad gopdog et, al of wud yhbooa foci, ctyd. porohoy de ipevye nde zévorcar didecha xd mata, {0 Néyweh Xégucxog, adolagyos ue goornyd xapéfia, Apot x6r dquo ylotoes Sidxingn, pd néga wovgdaryne x dxduewe mitdeos ord Kohduxo. GENERAL EXERCISES 13 Mé xdvra ovtioyltoray vf waxoirh 100 yéroa al ed maid sodvar yeudea ipihons-—ré Aogotrer. Kat wécora ion exddare av} swhorlva pica Bdprov ad EengofdBiae vb avisg wore Duigr Dicer Grow tpevye uaceRoreas nd td mud Aopotten. N. KABBASIA VOCABULARY dutisqeog, speechless 16 vogoxoyeto, hospital éxés0, on vooraiyeas, nostalgic 5 dexardas, corporal Gio, all the time 260, slope arms zea, beyond wauagors, jauntily of, meek wr, even 15 slot, foot zip, Mister (milan) 4 orgariérys, soldier 4 fens, bole 34 ont, point onendze, 1 cover pooopovto, T murmur 8 govxagdxos, poor chap ‘parrdgos, soldier #4, but x8 zoos, village EXERCISE 65 ‘Translate: “0 Muss: Th Muyadus x49 mjgwe oxoariden, Koyaparcd textos xt igata pd x6 Magi val pd bv Tavern, (AE pexdgeot nd ples wéy xh * ex Bpo0”. “Oto euovpuotgite: " Ké-Aexavén, ce px v4 yoolow oxd gon pov’ Toby tito xgbvo, 0x6 vovonopeto, Guliqsos tor obgané norco.m4 MODERN GREEK “Exdopane dea, oa onueto, 6 Piduua tov soorahyacs xal xpdo, 4 nileye, oc vd apaxadotice *Aphore ue oxé onits poo rd wen.” KES Myahids éexdOare organs Tér bexgopbhioas nize garéoot atl rove 8 Magis x08 Harayubery. *Andowo 00 onendoeyner 6 44 06 dpnoar dee Eo x6 node “Fear iyo wanets 8 gooncodios. K. KAPYOTAKHE VOCABULARY “Aletardoots, Alexandrian guxgoardy in front 16 opt, brother duogpud, beauty 7 defodeoun, bunch of Govan, got enthe tt 4 dhuhvoror, amethyst dep, T cheer Sonate open, light yr, Grech (clot) etina, Nebrew 6 oie, courte 1 foo teaty aiyervants, Eaypin 4 gag tine Eee, Tam vor San bl Whore ie 18 yoindoto, gymnas 14 patdbo, ue colour ‘yonteruéros, charmed bec double ends, ted Bearocrs, theatrical 16 Blau, spectacle rgbtray, I declare 9 xo98éi2a, ribbon ereutros, embroidered 6 narégBoua, feat oiquos, empty GENERAL EXERCISES us attosouat, L gather moored, poetical 16 pew ale FH solordiew, lxury 34 jagyegredgt, pearl goddygovs,* pink uty T understand Feet, row Wi maotieabsc, parade Towragu2i, rose-coloured ‘rd odjjuara, shoos 8 téefoc, hyacinth smuétepo, more 4 dou, charm EXERCISE 66 ‘Translate: *Aletaviqnol faatieis MatesOryar of *Adetarbqeot, 9 boty ths Kieondtoas 1d naibsd, 16» Kavoupleva wal 14 pwxgd tov aBlopia, “Audande wal Hrodayat, ob eden good 24 fydler to ox6 Toyodoo Exel vd vd mngitow facitete wks 00h Jauxey, aagdeaty ti ergata. “0 *Aitarbqos—xéy slay faailéa Tie “Aouerias, vis Mydias val vr Téehor. “0 Iicoheyaig-viv okay Bacilta fg Kitetas, vip Bvolag val vis Bowles. “0 Kausaolan eetuorear zuh tungoord, srrondvog af paris, roworapeidl 6 oxios tov di8odbayn tnd, Saxton, 9 dom toe dead ceil ocpeloem 12 ieBharor Seudsa vd modjaza tov 1 does ogities wernures wb eo8Syo0n nagyagirigu. Abrdy tév elxay mudtep0 dxd tote wixoatc, inde iy ekvay Bociiba vin Bacshto. Stig heron Te ving psa oe tensa number of toch form but tay shold presen fo aay.16 MODERN GREEK 0% *Aisteriqvol trabar ipa eh Jo ip be tl rd AnI6 fda rare Geoeh, al mouth, Stipa od ylibe ogee OT 14 "AteSeodend Popndoun foe Gesaupied narigbona vis répms, rar adlociy role Boosey, 4 Kawaglor Sto. ydess nt uogged (is Kizondsoag tis, alua vo Acydax) a “Aiekenogaol Exgeyen mud cele Sogeh a bdovoiltortar ni eneepyuctorr End nf ctyeerad nal soot Goatees, Yorteuéon td Poeato Obana, Wie nat, BaPain, Hfeoar wt cer ated, Wl note tip Hoare ates of faces, K. RABAOHE KEY TO THE EXERCISES EXERCISE 1 |. Mother is good. The night is wondetul Bight is wonderful, The large bar is Tul Father is very good, She is a benuif girl She is & very good mothe. He is @ very good man (person). Life i dient Breakfast is ready. 1 EXERCISE 2 2th 3.0. 4. ode. 5. af. 6 eBan, 7. -o64 9. -0. 10 =a iT. 0, EXERCISE 3 1, That woman was very beautiful. 2 This child is very happy. The nightclub was net ful. George is very silly. . Life is beautiful . Mother is a very good woman, . Father is a wonderful man, Mary was very serious. 9. This garden isn't big, 10. This isn’t correct, PaABAY 7178 MODERN GREEK 11, Russell is a great philosopher. 12, Plato was a great philosopher, EXERCISE 4 1. The sights are cool, 2. The days ae not very coo 5. Te eotiaquences wee serious. 4 Money i indispensable 5. These young men are apy. 6. Two grtn eyes 1 Ls are bad : &. Back een are beat 8. Athen i enchanting 10, One eld was hee. "The other chikren were very far 11, These two rooms are large and cool 12. The men, women and cilren are happy. 15, Alo of money isnot eter. Pa ir bet 15. The other woman was not very god. 16. This colour i green. 17. This water is col EXERCISE 5 Lena Qooe Bode. 4a. Site Goneg. Tene 8.1 9p. 10. =a. EXERCISE 6 1. Your sister is sad 2, Our uncle is very good, but he's poor. 3. Their hands are black. KEY TO THE EXERCISES 1» My aunt was very happy. Hip head fee small Her hai fir and her eyes blu. is new cari Back My house small but cot My brother ir thin but ery strong. 10, George isa fend of mine ut John isn't 1 His fly ‘ne pooe 12, Her hand ave thin EXERCISE 7 . This room is his, These are our own children. Is this hat yours? ‘The middle of the day was very hot. ‘These cigarettes are hers . His voice is very powerful (oud). Goorge is one of us (or one of our men). His feet are big, This is my own affair, 10, It is not your business (or your sort of work). U1. Are all these cigarettes yours? 12. His heart is a very warm one, EXERCISE & My sisters house is very lage The garden of our house i small but beautiful. This Englishman's name is John J. This Engl lady's same is Margaret Mrs, Benaks party was wonder 6 The midday sun is very hot 77 Andrews Bair is blacMODERN GREEK 8. Mr. Andoni's family are very rich, 9. The light in your litle room isn't very strong. 10. Spring in Athens is enchanting. IL, The Aegean sun is hot and pleasant. 12. This woman’s eyes are very black. 13. My friend’s ofice is a bit small, but cool and pleasant. 14, The engine of your car is very powerful 15. That young Englishwoman’s hair is fsir EXERCISE 9 |. The rooms of large houses are cool. . The life of workmen is hard. 3. My brother is only eight years old. I. The engines of good cars are powerful. . My young sister is four years old. 5. Beautifil women’s hands are slender, . The story of the three children and their poor mother was very moving. EXERCISE 10 |. L want a little water. ‘He* is in Cyprus, . The motor-ear is in the garage. ‘The whole family are at home, T have no money. T have joy ia my heart. ‘The man in the tall hat is on the veranda. ‘That woman with the grey hair is my mother. ‘My brother went to England and my sister to Greece, 1. My room is above yours. . He was in his office for @ long time. * cntmay borendered by he or hero ior they are, according to te cont penavaype x M KEY TO THE EXERCISES 181 12, Our house is near the sea. 13, His feet are in the water. 14 T want a glass of wine. 15, My uncle has come from America. 16. I Saw your friend Joba in Athens. TT. This hat is for Costa, 18, Give me a glass of water 19. Give me three bottles oF wine, 20. My father has gone to Athens to get work: EXERCISE 11 1. I saw your brother in the street. 2 The water is on the table. 3. My sister is in France, 4. My father’s car is near the entrance to the cinema. 3. My uncle's got a lot of money. 6. My young brother is only five years old. 7, That man with the grey hair is my father, 8. Where's Andrew? He's at the cinema, 9. Where's your brother? He's gone to the sea with his friends. 10, The light in this room isn't strong. 11, Where's Costas now? He's at his office. 12, Where's my overcoat? It's in the living room, 13, Give me a litle wine, please. 14. Now T have no money. EXERCISE 12 1. 10 aarlac pow cloat or Aasdlvo. 2. Té naibué ebrar xoreé exh Sélaaoa, 3. Tb noaat eb uéon oxé povndhe 4. Té pexovndhe ebrau nav ord roars, 5. “yo Evar abel sal ado aden.182 MODERN GREEK, 6.°0 Tucgyos ape ov4, Ocovatorben. 7.0 ites oov abst ory Bapiora. 8. 74 "ylépovo sivau ard aakére 9. Hob ela xb owivd pow; 10. 76 spud ebat ax} xoutie, A, To6 bya xd aad; 12. TA mad elvaa ovdr wie. 13, ‘enog 6 yyds drdgaras elras 6 Oeiog pov. 14. Uifye ort "Ayylla ut degardivo, 1S pe ud eo Baie yo. 16. ‘Hf woon woo 86 cba oxt antes vga. 17, "Oi j olsoybr aye orf Odacoa, 18. Aer tg waite dagede 19. Béte tivo reps. 20.0 abi ur a or dst co, en 21. 16 ryldgano dip abv waved. ovip leva 224 al ch to oh 23. Aird t6 xual ebvar uk vb) waa com, 24, dae joo tivo rep, xogaxahi. 25. dae joo bina renydga val Bra wovrl enlgra. EXERCISE 13 1. woetg wal denanévre. 2. bédena. Bina.” 4. Syed apd wéeagro. 6, érnba wal Séea. 7. éprdton, 10. rloasgete apd réragro. 12. éyddrea. . « elvan 14. Eppranéree |. abree, 3. domed agi 5. rhaoepeis wal nérte. 5. Sexton, 9. la. Ti, pla wad véaaeea. 13, drovirea .. « noida. EXERCISE 14 1. Saturday is the last day of the week, 2. Costas went to the sea on Wednesday, KEY TO THE EXERCISES 183 3. Sunday is a pleasant day, 4, A weok has seven days, 5. Renos is (the) second (pupil) in his class 6, Five hundredths are equal to one twentieth, 7. One thirteenth is equal to two twenty-sixths. 8. Half an hour is equal to thirty minutes, EXERCISE 15 1. Your house is smaller than ours. 2, John is bigger (older) than Peter. 3. This is the best of all. 4, Plato was the greatest philosopher of (in) Greece, 5. This work is most difficult 6. This wine is stronger than that, 7. Myconos is more beautiful but much hotter than Kavalla, 8, England is bigger than Ireland, EXERCISE 16 1. yroiom. 2. xpoctto. 3. oxanarham. 4, drépo. 5. Baporiam. "6. uzogéow. 7. poudaw. 8. maga wohoddijow. 9. trnjow. 10. madow, U1, . 12. yanoyeidon. "13. gxdow. 14, moozaorion 15, Euxmjow, "16. xdym>.. 17. yeplow, 18. xeo0 nabijoo. 19. Elo.” 20. Zoe. 21. parsjoan 22. to. 23. voyloc, 24, judfow. 25. dovdyer 26. delfeo. 27. patetnn, | "28. iyo, 29, 24d. 30. naraidfo. "31. a0. 32. mepdaw. 33, 86h 34. Bow. “35. pel. EXERCISE 17 1. belo. 2. géow. 3, nolo. 4, ovneyiton 5. xopeio. 6, dard, "7, Toyo. 8. hey,184 MODERN GREEK 9. wovnd. 10. veld. 11. Cyr. 12. goorrlbon. 13, mgoyogd. "14. xoredto.” 15. poe. "16. tye. 11. ged. 18. sir. 19. Skerdten. 20, whale. 21. para. 22. yal. 23. gonad. 24. fate 25. wacalapabo. 26, Axo. EXERCISE 18 0 to work by car. have only three pounds. take (attend) piano lessons, fee an aeroplane, LI 1 T 1 5. T want a litle water. ae 1 Ne 2 ve one brother and two sisters. }ow your uace, T am eating. g 3 4 3. 6 1 8 a EXERCISE 19 speak with courage. Il go to America. Saturday I shall go to the sea ll eat roast lamb. all go to the cinema and see Alice in Wonderland, all travel all through the East. answer your question. ‘Tomorrow I shall wake up at seven in the moraing. ‘Tomorrow I shall be reading from 3 until 6 in the afternoon. EEEDEE 1 1 ©: 1 1 1 1 a 1 2 3 4 3. 6 i 8 9. EXERCISE 20 1. In the autumn T shall take (attend) English lessons. 2. Do you see that aeroplane on the horizon? KEY TO THE EXERCISES 18s 3. We have money but we don't have quietness 4. Would you like (do you want) a litle water? ‘5 Father is going (will go) to Germany. 6 Where are you staying? 7. T am staying at the Hotel Astoria, 8. Do you know my uncle? Yes, but he isn’t a friend of | 9. T don't understand. 10. What do you want, please? AL, Nothing, thank you, 12. I smoke ten cigarettes a day. 13, Why are you laughing, may 1 ask? EXERCISE 21 1. Kielor v6 nagdee 2 6 due ovf Taitia. 3. AE Oddew vas, 4. dovteto oviy zéin. 5. "Eyes xolhd zoruara; 6. Hapaxoionbé ‘nalhjuara powoveic. 1. Bhézeis wd igen avy, Odhaaca; 8.'0 saréoas pov 36 Péxer mold an ord. 9. G4 aay oviy *Aucgerh val 6 Teirs 84 ais ox la. 10. Karriere; Lh diy sat, x ‘urkea. 13. 6i20 fa aonhor noact, 14, Odfooue toa oxkt xovvd ov Odhacoa. 15, Ato 64 due orf Méxoro. 16. A€ Ole rod, Odo wags.186 MODERN GREEK EXERCISE 22 1. prqua. 2. rduuoa. 3. udbeya. 4. Exopa. 5. yeoa 6. Spraca. 7. fyaga. "8. ela. 9. waxlpnwa, 10. dndvrmoa. 1. sejya. 12. nodeyoa, 13. gdenoa. 14, pndgeoa. 15. sotsmoa. 16, orqudeyaa. 17; fenoa, oondenoa. 19. Epaya, 20. Busca, 21. Exava, ee 18. 2. EXERCISE 23 1. The officers left the meeting 2. The blood went (up) to his head. 3. This man knew a lot, 4, The fat man didn’t answer, 5. I sent my mother a packet. 6. They lived for three years in Naples, 7. My father always had money. 8. Yesterday I saw George on the train 9. Mrs. Lambridi nodded her head, 10. At the door Helena turned round, UT stayed at the hotel. 12. He went close to him and spoke to him. 13. They continued their conversation upon various questions. ‘your letter, 15. Light (or fe lit) @ match, 16. Come home (or he came home) early, EXERCISE 24 4 5 6 7 8. 9 10. ie 2 13, rs 15, 16. 187 KEY TO THE EXERCISES Wigyare ov} Faidia, Tyee ovjy *Apcgun; Tiyare ots Oéergo 106s; . “Anovaes; “0 Tibco: db» xaxdiage. Flere on hi ne AudBaoa vip “Ara Kageroa. Exoutryoe yd dio, zanoyllace wal toga slat... Kids Sar nll og els len a088 Yoel “Epaday ob adrobnro 08 yrogd. “Hoye 1s vd neo. EXERCISE 25 |. Froma place of entertainment there came (the sound of) dance music. Lilika didn't understand, ‘She was looking him in the eyes. As T was going to work I saw George. 5. He was singing the whole afternoon. As I was running I fell down, ‘The fat man remained quiet. He was talking to the girl with grey eyes. : The others were not talking, His brain was working coolly. . They were not staying with them. . He was trying to find the child's mental level. ‘While he was going up the stairs he heard loud voices, . Charalambos Was drinking by himself at the bar. At that moment Alkis was lighting his cigarette. . For days the engine of his ear had not been going well. : He found the young man fatuous, .188 MODERN GREEK EXERCISE 26 1, Can I go tomorrow? 2, He wanted to speak but coulda't, 3. Now you must go. 4, Tcan't (don't know how to) speak well, but this I want ‘to say: we all love our work, 5, You can take a taxi. 6 Zeno began to run, 7. It isn't worth your going to Athens without the Acropolis, 8. He couldn't sieep a wink. 9. What do you want to say? (what do you mean’). 10. I don't want to say anything (I don’t mean anything). 11, He didn’t want to lose his happiness. 12, You must leave at once. ing EXERCISE 27 1. Aé G80 vd xd ord oxoisio. 2 Mnogi v4 to ba glorezivt rast, napaxaG; 3. Mrogeiee wd wos Bdoere ba nove reeds 4 Ady fdele vd det atl ons axé owed. 5. Mpénet v6 buaidow end va fuplo dxdye, 6 *Apyice 94 yedd. 1. Olin od gd ovapéhua, 8. Adv iBelay vé yéoowr v4 Joprd rors. EXERCISE 28 |. 1 have lost all my money. Surprise had completely extinguished his anger. . He lost time but he had gained a good friend |. T haven't seen this work of art. 5: He had lit his cigarette and was waiting. KEY TO THE EXERCISES 189 6. They had not heard the news. 7. You hads't closed the door. 8. I have never been there in my life, EXERCISE 29 1, Shut your (sing, eyes 2 Shut your (pl, eyes. 3. Stop joking, 4. Look what T've brought. 5. Go to your work. 6. Come and see with your (own) eyes. 7, Wake up, for its 10 o'clock, 8. Write your name, 9. Stop kere. 10. Begin to sing. 11, Write these letters, 12, Go to your uncle, 13. Stay here, 14. Don’t turn off the light. 15, Don’t say anything. 16. Don't go away. 17. Don't go now. 18. Speak slowly, please, 19. Go upstairs. 20. Get dovwn, EXERCISE 30 1 My sobzes. 2. Toéke yorjyooa. 3. Diivaure oop 4. “Axo dr rardea coo. 5. Kisioe Yatnd oov.190 MODERN GREEK 6. “Avotte jp dora. 1. Mh yeaa. 8 Mi) papers, 9. Tiyan ard ext vo 10. Todge. 1 Mj yodpes. 12, Abe moder vd musts x0'd noacl ot NA jo} cuets 086 oot . gatas. Mj mows x4 xlein aoe. Meive @36 nd jo, Boa 5. Pie wh penta. . Sovégiae ef lool. Mj nd dpons pivo. EXERCISE 31 | He had a lot of money but he spent it know you very well : They call me Lilian, . He took him by the hand and spoke to him. : She was asking him about the quality. 5. My father sent me to a private school, . He wasn't expecting it. 3. He looked him in the eyes. |. He put him in his place, 1 bought a book and read it in one day. He didn't believe it have been following (or observing) you fora long time, I thought you were a Russian, He squeezed his hand. She stayed beside him. ve never seen it in my life. . He hadn't understood her. 18. 18. 20, 21 | 22 2. 2, Bepnavsepe Lean 5. Why did you fet him go away? Ring me up tomorrow mornise Give me tee tampa KEY TO THE EXERCISES He was trying (Wt. searching) to find it, ‘Let me alone, Tomorrow wake me early. Let me go away. He saw him and shouted to him. Tell me the truth, Don’t say those things to me 191 : Can you see her? Why do you tell me these things? Would you like me to show you the garden? . They are staying with us . L have known you for some time, 1 You won't do it. Go, they are waiting for you. ‘They were running round him. { have s good bit more to tll you lo it, TM tell it to you. EXERCISE 32 Lpise wat xéy wolrate, AE od elae véaore, . Tiare wév0s cow. “Bia dézta pow. : Dive yoo boa xoupdes zagel. Mé anitorn Ti 00 eine 6 martes; by gdrnons soliée teofoec. Tylsgeina noo ddge. Actbe noo sto we.192 MODERN GREEK LL, Hoées advva vi ds we abifoera, 12. A of maveto, 13, doe pow 816 poxounddia pertoa. 14, Abr wor floes, 15. Aéy iy alba, 16. “On % otvoyiveun of sequtver 17, Tége pow bra cabl. 18. Mae joo ylader, ty tndeon. 19. Tite norvd rows. 20. Kalnuéoa cas. EXERCISE 33 . The itl was surprised. 9, Alec has married Vera. 10. For the first time Philip felt afraid. LL, He stood opposite him. 12, The famous party was given. 13. He found himself alone. 14, She seemed moved. 15, She was standing beside him. 16, Ona lighted veranda could be seen two couples dancing. 17, He was getting ready to leave. 18, He hadn't understood her. 19. He wants to marry her. 20. T couldn't go to sleep all night long, 21. Go to sleep. KEY TO THE EXERCISES 193 22, Think well. 23, Don't get ready. 2A. Stop here. EXERCISE 34 1. dé of Oopauan 2. dé jen0gd v4. oxe900 réiga. 3, @opinza nots. 4. dé of funda. 5 "Brouonps ais yolyoes. 6 Zrddrye xoved pow. 7. Ab unos 96 wound cede vhs occ. 8 Mi zal. 9. Ted figlaneras raga; 10. Koysjoov. EXERCISE 35 1. You are a person without willpower We are ver te, 3. They sat down round a sal low tbl, 4 Tal come tomorrow, 5: Se mas siting beside Kim, 6, He toi him to st down. Sas then nine ear od. He didnt now What vas Bappening 5: Don't at there. 10: Lots go to the thet 11; Your fat was wonder {2.1 am going to be an engines 13 Wee mie, 14, What do you want, plese? °194 MODERN GREEK EXERCISE 36 1. Whom do you want? 2 What do you think? 3. Whose is ‘this hat? 4. T hate myself 5. Tl give 3 drachmas to you and 3 to your brother. 6 We are aot snillionaices. 7. Who did T give my watch to? 8. Don’t ask us. 9, Tt was T who said it. 0. L know myself, 1. Whose is this box of matches? EXERCISE 37 1. He always had money. 2. Go oe opp ite and ask. 3. He put down his glass quietly on the mantelpiece 4 Lean tee leary with thse apectaes, 5. He wae scrtniting him preagly. 6. He i aready fifteen year ld 1, What do you wast us to do? he std suddenly. 8, He bad ompletely forgotien he, 9, Make haste 10, We went together bute came back. 1. Go sraght on and then tothe oh 12, George goes to bed lat, snd wakes up cary in the moraine 13, He waved his hand to me, lke that EXERCISE 38 “Bla 86 yoryoqa. 2. "Bha low ea. KEY TO THE EXERCISES 195 3. “Bpaye wal fue aqnerd. 4 Katérega v4 tebeig aig, 5. Abs dyer delet 6. Megnéva sold oryd. 1. “Bia nih, 8. Tiga yedie A124 Soreqa Od xAdyerc, 9. Atoio 84 ebvau xadscean 10. Tip nobraze xealegya. EXERCISE 39 1. He weat there usally ia the afternoons 2. New York is very ft fom here 3. Tam speaking t0 you sincerely. 4, Unfortinatly Ihave n0 money with me. 5.1 will come at thes exacly. 6. You did't writs to ust contequenty we didn't come. 1. Haris is'very consistent and since, but he is not punctual. 8. Shakespeare isa deep wit, 9. This rer is very deep 10. Go avay. Otherwise e shall send you avay. 1, He spoke contnuouly, but {elds understand what he was sping. 12. T simply ant you to aye me in peace 13,1 dont usualy goto the cae, Bot yesterday 1 vent as an exception, EXERCISE 40 1, He goup suddenly, pushing away the chai beind him, 2 Tha you, he sath sing 3, He was goog along sing. 4 Ones get miny Caning196 MODERN GREEK 5, He kept talking without sense, changing the subject. 6. No, replied he, avoiding her gaze. 2 7. Hehad approached noiselessly, and was watching them, ‘smiling. 8, He repeated the sentence, emphasizing every word. 9. He was walking along looking behind him, 10. She spoke continuously, moving her hand. EXERCISE 41 1. 64 nt weber. Eph pon wet 5 “Bheans'sh pogo net By 4 Stet ste Nordbrag sli 5 Radio yo lo lta ord dedore, 6 Spe Tpatirta dave EXERCISE 42 1. He was drunk and didn’t know what he was saying. 2 Today I (fem) am very glad. 3, Helen seemed moved, 4, He was dressed with ‘much elegance, 5. She had her eyes continuously fixed upon him, 6. Mrs, Brown nodded her head with a happy smile. 7. Three men were sitting ona lighted veranda and talking, 8, All these things are whims of a spoilt child, EXERCISE 43 1. Part elow x00 dosnubvocs 2. "Teas reopayutvos. ie 3. Elwacre pooxalenuéror ord xdgrw ig wvelag Herein, KEY TO THE EXERCISES 197 4: Aostoya a0%8 nal sluat xoveagutvos. 5. de Ebee x6 téyo ddd eluan sald Boocwpioutro. 6. {0 Mazon typaye x6." Xanévo Tavdsewe". 1, “Hav fobioybses ovle oxéyei ro. 8 Blas Gouctros pact cove EXERCISE 44 1. This seat is very far forward. 2. It is almost impossible for me to believe it. 3, His father has a fairly large (amount of) property. 4. T want a coffee, rather sweet. 5. Is it so difficult for you to do me this favour? 6. Your son’s awfully inteligent. 7. This person is completely unknown to me. 8 It’s very funny. 9. You are very polite, 10. This wine is even better. 11, Do you want some water? Yes, but not much, 12, This food is better than that, 13, T can't see very far. 14, I woke up very late and went to work at ten o'clock, EXERCISE 45 1. Where do you want to go? he sid to him suddenly, 2. Who will prevent me? 3. How old ae you? 4 Have you cose to me drunk, may 1 ask? 5. Which i your family? © What ae You thaking of doing? 7. Why do you ask? & How is Jour father? Very vel, thank you. 9.1 wonded if he will remenber me. | >198 MODERN GREEK 10. How are you? Not so bed. 11, Whose is this bicycle? EXERCISE 46 Drart gulps +600 oes; 1 being nd me I ye ean Moos 08 obs tro; TH pexogoboe 96 nies ibe x00; Ti boa bas, nagcrat; “Gove gebjes ‘ Aros ets og nd od neque bob ess Tear yo dies abd; EXERCISE 47 1, We left when the play ended. 2. He Kept talking because he wanted to forget. 3, He angered him because he spoke to him sharply. 4, Now he was seeing that artists had a special value in ie, 5, They went out ofthe room after they had turned off the Light. 3 6, He was laughing, while sscretly (within him)he was very upset, 7. Tomorrow when you are well, you thank me. 8, Don’t think I'm ashamed of this. 9. He said he would come at eight. 10. The officer wasn't there ut he knew all the details 11. Dor't you think we have delayed enough? 12, Pye had my adventures. I think you must have heard about them. 13, T am waiting in case he comes. KEY TO THE EXERCISES 199 14. I remained there until the train started. 15, They were happy to see him again in good health. EXERCISE 48 1, Hobacte bes xd gira fray ofvantra jéoa oxé oxte. 2 Pap enya pe otk ts ve aed 3. Tor dpice dipo8 yipive wal xby votre Dowoytéra. 4, AB prog vhs xald ddd Olde vd x ated. 5. Dobyertnere fers tts 6. Smite vd pds Adee nd po narrlZooue aiAd bectoos yaenbe 2038. 1, “Euswva bust Ganon bare, 8 Kabiis neqnaroten ovd dgduo ela nics dorfftero. 9. Gopérar wos cér dpwe 8 naréeas tov. 10. Kéve dno Otis. 11. “Ea, divas Bip edu nol dodyen. 12, Tippee x00 Odie 13, "Hebe nétis x6. doves, EXERCISE, 1, It’s the Englishman who was here at the time of the occupation. 2, He came to Greece with @ good bit of money that he hhad made in America, 3. At this moment when we are speaking, you owe your rent. 4. It was something he wasn't expecting, 5. Ihe stayed silent it wasn't because he had nothing to say. 6. Opposite were seen two couples dancing,200 MODERN GREEK 7. 1 saw Vassos who was enjoying the morning on the veranda. 8, He dida't want to be deprived of the wealth which had so unexpectedly come (lit fallen) to him. 9, Do what you lik 10. He went to find him at John’s place, which he usually frequented in the mornings. 11, Tam a person who wants to give you back the happiness you have lost, the wealth that’ belongs to you, your Tamily that you have not had joy ia, EXERCISE 50 1. “Ay Gétews v4 Rolers, Ha dd, A Abd te Aa ol ot Br 3. Dy erry x06 xabiow povaveh doze v4 malta, | Kat 8 diganos sob pds PoxPyoe af pwd d6oxodn ay 5. Ilye oxé xapereio ba0v ovmiitar vd mnyabvoor of 6. EBbaye 05 yoratner 206 ovtneovoar. EXERCISE 51 |. I don't want either to see you or you to see me, 9. Either you go or your brother. 3. Tam forced to stay at home, not only because I want to work but also because I am waiting for an important phone call. 4, In any case they will have started off at thros. 5. We should have started off at throe if you had come ia time. 6.1 should very much like to see King Lear tonight. . Shall I stay or go? 10, i 2 3B “ . The time has come for the big de . My wife takes care of all houschold matters (lit things KEY TO THE EXERCISES 201 . You ought to have writen to me as soon as you got my letter, 1. You ought to have come at once. . He spoke to me very politely as if he didn’t know me. |. Let us sing all together. . Hee used to drink in order to forget his troubles, . May you win, iT don't like getting up very early. EXERCISE 52 of the house). .. Napkin in hand he went to the window. i. He took the photograph from Costa’ hands, looked at it with care, and gave it back to him laughing, . He stretched himself out inthe armchair where @ short time before the unknown gentleman was sitting. 5. From the sea a cold wind was blowing. I shall be in the library from ten in the morning til five in the afternoon, . Come and call for me afer five. 9. He squeezed the briefcase under his arm, Outside the door a taxi was waiting. She Yooked after me like a mother. [said a kind word (li, good words) for you to him, ‘This man strikingly resembles my father. T saw him after three years, EXERCISE 53 AL 04 pxogoton vd xéve eexace yoels vf PofPeud ov. pease ecb oni tow noid agpde t202 MODERN GREEK 3. Moudtes ody Ba darége v08 aud 4. Mooxdonae sob: 16 éoo rod duactov. 3. 76 anixt uow elvau sovrd avd. wérrgo ifs xbiys. 6. Karowd obra diydorqua pact ib bv6 glove ov. 1H abya cov cba ado orb caduigare, 8. Té pila elas néoa orb waldbi. 9. "And tls névee dg rls bye Od elas ovd ontee 10. 75 pity ine Beye ON’ egirodrega And 6 Riya AL. Té aieoxtonto oraudenoe adit ord meloSedjo. 12 Kaduoas Bio. yKoer ovr, quoted, 13, Zexclmoa yd rar Tears. 14. Tye vip "Ayyita ub degondre 15, 64 ado ov Feppania degorogwiis fj vngodoopeei. EXERCISE 54 1. Everybody is rests 2 Some daye ae very hot and ome are very eo 3 Three hundred Spartans under Leonidas fought at ‘Thermopyae 4 Some geademan came and was looking for you. 5. Most people are neltherstpid nor lever He lot thowsand pounds at cars. 1, Everything at is (prope) tine. 8. Many workers are without work. 9, He told me something very improbable. 10.1 spent 438 pounds 12 shilings and 8 pence. 11, The last war started in 1939 and ended is 1983, EXERCISE 55 (a) yliua &praxéoua oagtrea rela. ©) Eaxdow roxérra véoasga. KEY TO THE EXERCISES 203 (©) coparradle qhiddes tgeaxdown boyiyra. (@) bbea yihdbes sercandoia. (©) dyrantours rpudrea &1 ylides buaréy elxoorréacee G) reronndoua Et. G) elxoorrgets ziliddog duaxdora née, (i) Ga Exaconjeique roundows &Bboyrjrra £8 yduibes Sraxdoia ebvoot dure. EXERCISE 56 absolutely agree, But next week we have two days off—How's your brother? He's all right. He was asking me about you the other day.—Please give him my best regards. Good- bye. EXERCISE 57 Next week I intend to go on a trip to Mykonos for a few days. Would you like to come with me?—T should like {0 very much, but I don’t know ifT shall be able to manage it. Bur I shall try, and P'lllet you know tomorrow. I'am. very fond of the Aegean islands, and specially Mykonos, — ‘Try and arrange to come, and we'll have a wonderful time,

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