PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Relating present with past lesson is the way the lessons can be made more meaningful by way of learning continuity. John Dewey said, “An ounce of experience is better than a ton of theory.” This statement points the primacy of experience. Asking students to predict outcomes is an instance when teachers lead students toward the metacognition The question “Am | learning well enough?” relates to metacognition In cognitive learning, laws are firmly established and thoroughly tested principles of theories Plato’s contemplative use of mind is best characterized as introspective Drill is generally used for mastery learning, especially of psychomotor skills On cluster of meaningful activities, story-telling does not belong to bodily-kinesthetic learning activities. From the cluster of meaningful learning activities, environmental study belongs to naturalistic. Landscape drawing is an example of Spatial learning that is appropriate for appreciation of the beautiful Forming and proving hypothesis is the best process to develop logical reasoning among senior students. “Are the mind and the brain one and the same?” exemplifies an open- ended question Among study habits, “I make a weekly timetable” shows the ability to organize and plan his class workPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Overemphasis on drill and practice belongs to the Red Flag Teacher Jose talks to students about their interests, what they ae over the weekends, their progress in school work, etc. This noe ve approach to classroom management is expressing interest for students In the 5’s Formula to create a conducive learning environment, the S that stands for cleanliness in the workplace is Shine? “High use of audiovisuals is not an indicator of a supportive learning environment “ Student responsibility for learning is an indicator of autonomy in the learning environment Teacher Danny can do brainstorming in order to generate ideas in planning a sports competition activity The principle that supports adoption of teaching methods in accordance with student needs is unique character of qvery student Among the components in the instructional framework for learning strategies, Independent practice is demonstrated by teacher Ana who assigns homework for students to do on their own The framework in providing students with templates and explaining the steps for developing a research paper is modelling The questioning technique in which the teacher prods students to reply along directions that lead to the proper answer is called prompting’ In SPED, the chair arrangement that is effective for students Brouped and working together based on personality and work style is Cooperative cluster 'n a problem-based learning group, the leader: le: 5 G ads the discussi for achieving desired aims ussionPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION John Heinrich Pestalozzi advocated that learning is through observation and experience and education is basically a “contact of souls” and the teacher must feel respect and sympathy for the children he teaches, John Friedrich Herbart was known for the Herbartian Method of Teaching, which is composed of Preparation, Presentation, Association, Generalization, and Application. Froebel established a child-centered school In 1840, which came to be known as “Kindergarten”, Maria Montessori developed a child-centered curriculum and emphasized manipulation and experimentation to promote independence and creativity. John Dewey, a proponent of the sociological movement, believed that education must be democratic and considered as life and not just the preparation for life. John Dewey postulated the famous “Learning by Doing Dictum”, which states that the learner learns best if he is an active participant in the teaching learning process. In accordance with the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, every teacher shall participate in the Continuing Professional Development (CPD). In accordance to RA 7836, every teacher shall be physically, mentally, and morally fit. The Education Act of 1982 provided for the establishment and maintenance of an integrated system of education. Act No. 2706 is also known as the “Private School Law”, RA 4670 is known as the “Magna Carta for Public School Teacher”. RA 6655 is known as the “Free Public Secondary Act of 1988”. 26i PRoFEs: nce @ teacher, forever a student implies thet SIONAL EDUCATION ony ateacher that focuses on heipin, 1B Studey unique individuals applies an ex . to acce istentialist Pt themselves as approach Existentialism Is the Philosophy of e, ducati when he said that man is nothing et lon that Is taught by Satre se but that he makes of himself A perennialist teacher would choose Beneral course of study in teaching. n The traditional curriculum and mass education lack value for Individuallzation that the progressive can deliver. In selecting a code of conduct, the behaviorist teacher would prefer those that are exemplified by great men/women to impart on learners. Training soldier-citizens was stressed by the education curriculum of Spartan education “Sage on the stage” means that the teacher assumes the role of dispenser of knowledge “Guide on the side” means that the teacher assumes the role of facilitator of learning t the teacher was the A superyj and noted tha ipervisor observed a teacher 1 was looking for only one talking during the class. The superviso teachers to draw out student response articipate in The hidden goal of students who refuse to cooperate OF P Class activities is to isolate self discipline, proach to r ents are not getting the and refuse to work Among mi in the Acceptance AP 8 mistaken goals in hen stud attention. i happens w! getting is what happ Ip, "ecognition they desire, continually seek helP ‘inless the teacher hovers over them ; h to discipline, less and rejected t the situation 54 ct ance Approa! dents feel helpl than confron Among mistaken goals in the Accept wttawal is what happens when ii at they remove themselves fatPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The focus of education during the ¢ " ommonw i nationalism ealth Period is The focus of education during the Pre-hispanic times is survival. Spreading Catholicism is the main focus of education during the Spanish Period. The focus of Spartan Education is military tr: The focus of Athenian education is beauty and knowledge. Principle of hedonism involves putting “pleasure” as the priority. It is not acceptable for teachers to receive gifts from the parents or students in any circumstances a The teacher must evaluate the student’s work based only on merit and quality of performance Falling in love to a student is tolerated with utmost professional discretion The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers does nat include teachers from tertiary education and state universities and colleges. Ascrupulous conscience makes the person see that he sins but actually he does not. K-12 curriculum is an example of a spiral curriculum The closest to the real thing is performing real-life task. Doing helps the learner retains information best. A globe is an example of a model It is not advisable to use realia all the time, only when it is feasible. 39PROFESIONAL EDUCAEHM (fa teacher fails to pass the snerit exarunation, he or she shall be allowed to take the examination for a second time Teachers who pass the merit examination shall earn merit points for purposes of promotion in salary or to a higher position or grade level No teacher of a foreign nationality shall be admitted to the examination, or be given a certificate of registration or be entitled to any of the rights and privileges provided under this Act; utiles the country or state of which he is a subject permits Filipino professional teachers to practice within its territorial limits on the same basis as subjects or citizens of said country or state. This is called registration by reciprocity Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past five (5) years shall take at least twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of at least six (6) units of pedagogy and six (6) units of content courses, or the equivalent training and number of hours Those who have failed the licensure examination for professional teachers, with a rating of not lower than five percentage points from the passing general average rating, shail be eligible as para- ; teachers | C_ A special permit may also be issued by the Board to a person who has excelled and gained international recognition and is a widely acknowledged expert in his or her respective field of specialization Teachers shall at all times, be imbued with the spirit of professional loyalty, mutual confidence, and faith in one another, self-sacrifice for the common good, and full cooperation with colleagues. When the best interest of the learners, the school, or the profession is at stake in any controversy, teachers shail support one another ¢ School Teachers shall apply to all public The Magna Carta for Publi se in the professorial staff of state school teachers except tho: colleges and universities 19 peer aPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Analysis tackles on thinking critically about information by studying its parts |. = tay; Synthesis focuses on original thinking about information by putting its parts into a new whole Evaluation gives emphasis on making judgments: about information based on identified standards fe aad Receiving gives emphasis on becoming aware of some communication or phenomenon from the environment Responding gives emphasis on reacting to a communication or phenomenon through participation Valuing gives emphasis on attaching worth to something from the environment Organization involves organizing the values in relation to each other Characterization acts in accordance with the accepted value and becomes part of personality tee TA = Copco ny’ Perception uses the sense organs to obtain cues that guide motor activity : Set means readiness to take a particular action that includes mental, physical, and emotional set. Guided response is concerned with early stages of learning a complex skill Mechanism is concerned with habitual responses that can be performed with some confidence and proficiency Complex overt response skillfully performs acts that require complex movement patterns, like the highly coordinated motor activities 21PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The best person who should be responsible for constructing test with validity over specific content of subject areas is the teacher’ The assessment of test items should be aligned with instructional objectives The primary response factor that is considered by Essay questions is wide sampling of ideas The automated checking which helps in improving reliability is objective scoring The criterion that is complied with when the test measures what is aimed to measure is validity A valid test is a reliable test Using the Likert Method of summative scale, the mean for scale ratings (10, 7.5, 5, 2.5, andO)is5 / poe In assessment of achievement, the most stable measure of variability is standard deviation When standard deviation is big, this means that scores are spread out Anormal curve means that there are large number of more or less average and few receiving low and high grades ent performance in a negatively.skewed. class What can be said of stud! students performed well score distribution is most What is meant by a difficulty index of 1 fora test item is that an item is extremely easy fat more from the lower group got item no. 16 Teacher Luis found out t lysis. This means that the item has negative correctly in his item anal discriminating power 6 determination index in test assessment is What is meant by 2 0.31 oup answered items correctly that more from lower 8M" 10 ees AR ew stein arnt ergo ee See gee 'PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The center of the educative process is the learner The major laws of learning are the law of readiness, exercise, and effect The greatest influence in the formation of cultural values is the family. The father of Kindergarten is Froebel Emile is an educational classic associated with naturalism The main thrust of today’s education is the development of a sense of nationhood which will be achieved through the infusion of a shared system of beliefs and desired Filipino values Innovation in education is perceived as something as new and implemented as a practical advance that deviates from the traditional form Basic education which is the foundation of people empowerment refers to elementary and secondary education Individual differences accounts that no two individuals is exactly alike in their resulting development and adjustments Techniques to develop sensory-motor learning: Demonstration, Drill and Imitation ~Purposive Behaviorism is the theory of Tolman This schoo! of psychology upon which most of cognitive psychology is based was developed by Wolfgang Kohler, Marx Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka in 1921. This is known as Gestalt Laws attached to a stimulus through the he response so that the recurrence ponse. Adhesive principle is a response stimulus occurring just prior to tl . Of the stimulus will evoke or cause the res ‘Theory of generalization is referred to as the theory of Charles Judd. 16PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION For teachers, the most laudible motive for participation in professional development Programs is continuing professional development. Training-job mismatch is given focus by research studies which show low rate of work and absorption among technical/vocational graduates. Of the following interventions, school networking with business and industry is directly aimed at responding to the transitional gap between academic achievement and employment. Student feedback is client-based and is most directly helpful in introducing changes in reforms in school services. Existentialist philosophy is close to the teacher who allows her students to learn at theirnown pace, Students must be taught self-responsibility is the desire of the existentialist teacher. Encouraging students to interact and develop social virtues characterizes the teacher with a Progressive view of teaching. Behaviorism is seen if the teacher sees to it that her classroom is clean and orderly so her pupil will less likely disarrange seats and litter on the floor. Revenge-seeking happens when students seek to hurt others to make up being hurt or rejected. Ridiculing is a form of emotional bullying that should be prevented, Discrimination is being shown by a teacher who ignores slow- learners and takes pride in the work of fast learners, The pattern of class discipline should be established early in the first week of classes. Work, organization, procedures, characterizes the academic approach to classroom management. 30¥ PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The cooperative classroom climate is least threatening. The best antidote that can anticipate unruly student scenarios in class is spelling out rules on discipline. The most effective way to deal with non-participating students who do not have interest in the lessons and their being part of class activities is introducing engaging activities such as role playing. The guideline that should govern inflicting punishment is abiding by the school’s rules on punishment. If threat or punishment is necessary on erring students this should be done by making a warning before the threat. Parents-teachers’ conference is most comprehensive and lasting in responding to severe misbehavior of students. Consultation and dialogue characterized a democratic classroom. If a teacher never draps a topic before it is completed he is avoiding dangling topics. Truncation is when the teacher ends an activity abruptly. cm 5 Lesson content is not covered by classroom routines. The PPPF principle means Prepare Yourself, Prepare Your Students, Present the Materials, and Follow-up Objectives. Student interest is considered as “Green Flag” Sex jokes are inappropriate for defusing tension in the classroom. The preschoolers need the utmost level of a friendly and non- threatening learning environment. Standard yet adequate should be followed for lighting SPED Classroom. 31ee PROKESSIONAL EDI ATION The highest level of Individuals need in the hierarchy of need theory is self-actuallzation The linguistic type of learners loves to read, write and teil stories. Thorndike proposed that human activity Is based on association and response Teacher Leah scolded a pupil named Pia for not listening attentively. ‘As a result, the whole class paid attention to Teacher Leah. This is explained by the phenomenon called the Ripple effect The Industry versus Inferlority stage considers teachers, peers, and adults outside the home important to shaping attitudes toward oneself The best example of Operant Conditioning is using reinforcement ; Clara has inherent skills in taking care of plants. It is highly possible that she has naturalistic intelligence. Teacher Nelia bridges the students present skill and the desired level with a technique advised by Vygotsky as scaffolding According to the Philippine Constitution the State shall establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people and society All educational institutions shall include the study of the Constitution as part of the curricula At the option expressed In writing by the parents or guardians, religion shall be allowed to be taught to their children or wards in public elementary and high schools within the regular class hours by instructors designated or approved by the religious authorities of the religion to which the children or wards belong, without additional cost to the Government. Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all Institutions of higher learning 17 f Saree ene ET Las oMRS:Nn ’TSC~CSCS eh PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION é Tolerance is the ability to know without being frustrated by ambiguous ideas . Feasibillty study is a research that is directly appropriate for anew entrepreneur going into a small business © A positive correlation is to direct relation while inverse relation is negative correlation e Concentration is the ability to know without being distracted or confused by irrelevant ideas . Among cognitive objectives, comprehension is also known as an u derstanding and is a step higher than more knowledge of facts . Among categories of thinking skills, analysis is the ability to break down complex information into parts for understanding ~ © Non-discursive communication is the learning outcome assessed in dramatic reading along with movements, posture, facial expression, etc. - * ° An entering student in college would like to determine which course is best suited for him. An aptitude test is appropriate for this purpose. ° The teacher employed oral questioning in using inquiry to test her student's ability to recall information. © Scoring rubric is the most reliabte tool for determining the students’ ability to write ~ © Creativity is being assessed by the Rubric that seeks to assess high, moderate, or low imaginative thinking ° Paper-pencil vocabulary test is the least authentic mode of student performance assessment © The criterion-referenced test is designed to determine performance level on a specific skillPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION since Teacher Alvin wants his test to be ore reliable, he should increase the number of test items Trick questions Is not relevant to preparing reliable questi ions Of the types of validity tests, predictive vali relation of test scores to performance Freshmen College Tests can show succ idity is concerned with the at some future time, e.g. ess in college. Rosenthal or Pygmalion effect is the phenomenon in Psychology wherein students perform better than other students simply because they were expected to do so. When student test results deviation is small, that means scores are tightly bunched together \f student Pete got a 60% percentile rank in class, that means he scored better than 60% of the class. The normal curve in the grade distribution of students in class means that most get average grades, few high and low. What can be said of student performance in a positively-skewed'score distribution is most students performed poorly. Adifficulty index of a test item that is one (1) means that the test item is extremely easy The significance of a 50 facility test index is moderate efficiency. ‘on index of a test item that Whi i iscriminati at can be said about a d got the item correctly. is -0.35 is that more from lower group jected ‘¥ An item whose difficulty index is 98 should be rej written exam. The periodic merit exam for teachers consists of ral and) rve as additional basis for merit The per am may Sel Periodic merit ex ance rating. Promotion in addition to perform 51/ PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Republic Act 6728 is known as the “Act Providing Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education”. Republic Act 7610 enacted on dune 17, 1992 otherwise known as the Special Protection of Children against Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination further amended by RA 923] in order to strengthen the law for the protection of the Filipino children from abuse, exploitation, and for the elimination of the worst forms of child labor. RA 7784 is known as the “Act to Strengthen Teacher Education in the Philippines by Establishing Centers of Excellence”. RA 7796 is known as the “TESDA Act of 1994”, RA 7880 is known as the “Fair and Equitable Access to Education Act”. RA 9155 is known as “An Act Instituting a Framework of Governance for Basic Education, Establishing Authority and Accountability, Renaming the Department of Education, Culture and Sports as the Department of Education”. Progressivism connoted growth and development and is described by engaging students in problem solving activities that is a reflection of the personal and social experiences that.can help them in solving their own real-life problem. Existentialism is defined as the philosophy of subjectivity of selfhood whose fundamental doctrine proclaims man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his destiny. Reconstructionism covers the underlying factors that constitute reality or society and where students are encouraged to become involved in the problems whether political, | social, or. economical that confronts the society and is able to arrive at solutions in order to reconstruct the society: 27PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Measures of central tendencies include mean, median, and mod o A mode Measures of variability assess how far, individual scores are Be the differences between in Quartiles divide the set into 4 groups, t-score tells the location of a score in a Normal distribution having a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10, A platykurtic distribution is flatter than a normal distribution Myelination is the process by which nervous system become coated with an insulating substance called myelin Children’s motor development is dependent on physical maturation specifically neuromuscular and musculoskeletal development Exosystem includes those setting in which the child usually does not have an active role as a participant but that influence the child indirectly through their effects on the microsystem Macrosystem includes the ideologies, values, attitudes, more, and Customs of a particular culture Cohabiting family consists of two people of the opposite sex who live together, with or without children and who share sexu! ' expression and commitment to their relationship without formal legal marriage nt during the +. a mel Autosociality is a stage of psychological develop pleasufes, and first year of so life, during which infants’ interests, Satisfactions are themselves fer to play Homosociality is a stage during which the a “ith others of the same sex re talking to lan onlooker play, the children watch others play and 2 hi , ©™ but is not involved 47PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION «An example of a child’s interest in hi: is n in his bot i elve An le dy is looking at themselves * Motor development is manifested by a particular child who learns how to walk, run, and jump ° Ritalin is a drug that is commonly used for children with ADHD eo = The main reason why children with ADHD have limited learning skills is that they act on impulse and cannot concentrate ° Parents can foster initiative and independence in children by encouragement when a child plans and carries out a task © When a child manifest autism, self-destructive behavior and echolalia, the child might be showing the symptoms of childhood autism The motivation that comes from sheer enjoyment of creating artwork is called intrinsic motivation A child who always fights with his/her classmates, who has a very short attention span, and who has frequent tantrums is believed to be suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder © Planned ignoring, signal interference and proximity control are techniques used in managing surface behavior 2 A boy is closer to his mother and a gir! is closer to her father. These instances are under phallic stage ction of sample of students works, e Portfolio is the pre-planned collet produced by the students assessed results and other output * An example of norm-referenced interpretation is a student score is higher than 89% of the class ed in grading the performance of . Central tendency error is committ: ids both extremes of the scale of the students by the rater who avoit and tends to rate everyone as average 23PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION . The principle of lesser of two evil applies to fire victims who decided to jump over a ten storey building eather than die by being burned to death e ‘The principle of format cooperation applies to nations or corporate industrialists supplying arms to combatants who sow civil war or terror in various parts of the world ° Teacher Nancy is directed to pass an undeserving student with a death threat. An advice that a utilitarian Will give is to pass the student because It will be of use to the student, his parents, and her. ° Resignation to mediocrity best describes “puwede na” mentality vs. excellence in service/work . Exploring the lives of national heroes is an activity that the teacher as a trustee of the cultural heritage of the nation most effectively introduce in order to instill patriotic ideals in their personal lives. ° The world has become a global village. A sound practice that is expected of teachers is respect of diverse cultures © For gender fair language that advances feminism, congressman should be addressed as members of the congress ° When house tasks are typecast as the female’s responsibility, gender stereotypes is reinforced in classroom management © In avoiding implying sickness or suffering, the most preferable way to refer to those with disabilities like polio is “had polio”. ® The most desirable in the use of technology in instruction is technology integration © While there is modernity and progress through the use of technology in instruction, the greatest danger along the domain of learning that is posed by technology is developing passivity and uncritical minds © The journal writing using the internet and useful for teachers who can publish lesson ideas to digital student readers is called blog 4PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION A summative test Is done after instruction Arubric is a measuring instrument used In rating performance- based tasks. It Is a cross between a checklist and a rating scale Achecklist contains characteristics of a desirable performance Rating scales measure degree to which a trait was achieved Holistic rubric describes the overall quality of a performance or produce « One advantage of holistic rubric is it allows fast assessment ¢ Analytic rubric describes the quality of performance or product in terms of the identified dimensions and/or criteria which are rated independently to give a better picture of the quality of work or performance Lo ee oul * An objective test eliminates bias * — Asubjective test is affected by personal biases * In norm-referenced test, interpretation is based on comparison of students * Norm-referenced test describes performance-based on other's Performance : 'n criterion-referenced test, all or none may passed , Criterion-referenced test describe student's mastery of objectives Validity is the degree to which the test measures what Is Intended to measure Reliability is the consistency of scores obtained when retested with 'e same instrument or a parallel instrument es indicating the center Meas measur Ures of central location are any a me decreasing magnitude fa set of data, arranged in an increasing Of 46 — es”PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION : students who have short attention Span, unable t " ‘ centration by being easily affected by sights, 5 ds ors has gistractible problem type rien ech f help that can be most like he kind of help ely be eff i i dents @neBUragement fective for the shy and the pehavior-modification approach is applied when a téacher-usesa vatiety of techniques (rewards, reinforcement, etc) to sustain interest and effective learning. for problems of discipline that cannot be resolved in class, relying on others to resolve classroom problems should not be done as it reduces the authority of the teacher Getting the side of students is equal to giving students the benefit of the doubt An immediate and effective way to deal with three (3) misbehaving students is to assign them separate seats Sending the students to the guidance office is 2 non-threatening style of disciplining unruly students From classroom management strategies applied on erring students, shaming erring student before the class should not be done Following the principles for punishing students, the least desirable Strategy for classroom management is punishing while ana should Ech teacher has a role as a behavior reinforcing agents. Threats "ot be encouraged among teachers . i t produces "pple effect refers to a situation wherein cern event Pi Hects which spread and produce further effects. “dren who have basic ‘Te Word pyramid is a game which is 6009 [°° children Printi ting and spelling skills. , tivity in which \ jon at an i. vos Procedure is a reading come ne are required to ill in s stu the pare Omitted from a passage and “ lanks,PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION A child who has spatial intelligence will most likely enjoy solving puzzles The proponent of respondent Conditioning is Ivan Pavlov. If a teacher shows the student how a dance should be performed, this demonstrates Bandura’s work in teaching. ” In Thorndike’s law of effect states that if the end result will be beneficial to the student, he/she will probably perform well. ZPD is a concept popularized by Vygotsky. Before the advent of technology and universal acceptance of diversity in the classroom, the paradigm of classroom management is one-way interaction flow. The focus of K to 12 Senior High School Program is technical-vocational training The competency developed through Electrical Repair subject in vocational schools is mechanical construction Values education is an education program which is relevant to promote change in behavioral patterns Is to be developed in order to teach The co! m that need: urse progral r Earth that is sustainable development to counter the abuse of Mothe f happening in many parts of the world today is environmenta education ) The field of education that manages children with behavioral problems like attention-deficit disorders is special education In essence, the new Performance Appraisal System for Teachers (PAST) is competency-based, das an In outcomes-based education, procedures is not considered as at Outcome. 41. PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION in Grace Goodell’s Reading Skills Ladder, basie si . basic si rd very bottom and needed to move up to the serendil ia 's at the reading skills tial adder of For Grace Goddell, the dictionary should be when necessary used by students only In Erikson’s stage theory of development questionnaire, the affirmation that does not belong to the sta itiativ te i ge of initiative vs. that people can be trusted. vs. guilt is In Erikson’s Stage Theory of Development, the affirmation that belongs to the stage of identity versus diffusion is “| wonder what sort of person | am.” Piaget’s Principles of cognitive learning, the centration that likely causes mistakes in the learning process is being limited to a single point of view - In Piaget’s Concrete-Operational Stage in cognitive development, seriation refers to the ability to order or arrange things logically on dimension such as weight, volume, or size. epts, the term of achieving proper balance In Piaget’s Cognitive Conc: paration and understanding is equilibrium. to avoid discrepancy in pre New information can be related to students by relating it to knowledge they already know of multiplication from the point To make a child memorize the table Ir II the child’s attention every of view of Pavlov, a teacher should cal time he recites the table for them According to John Dewey, education starts at birth. “Experience without theory is blind, but theory without experience is Mere intellectual play” means that theory and experience must hand-in-hand , irawi Metacognition is being developed by allowing students in their own I ‘earning and thinking 8PROF you want your PUPIIS TO Master the muting, FESSIONAL EDUCATION iCati +g activity: on table, drill is the Z peer qutoring is the best activity if YOU want your by * yerlearn what they have learned ang at the sa etter students to the lesson. me time help others to mastel jroundtable activity can help develop teamwork amongst udents, Journal writing is,most fit if you want to hone your students’ metacognitive abillties. 1 Todevelop reasoning and speaking ability, debate should be used. + Todetermine your pupil’s entry knowledge and skills, a pre-test should be employed. . + Concept mapping can enhance the development of spatial intelligence. ‘Reflecting will best work for metacognitive functions. To show cause-and-effect relationships for picture smart pupils, 2 Sraphic organizer will work. Ahistogram is a graphic presentation of numerical d2t2- The Venn Diagram can be used to show comparison. — Skinner's theory Computer-assisted instruction is an application ater °Perant conditioning. of your thinking: A : Metacognitive approach makes YOU think i ffective. Te is most & ° *nourage introspection, reflective approach ment, role playing is For oy develoP' deg, "P2thy and for value change and Poste tee feos “8 do not appeal to tactile learners: 59PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Teachers need “eyes in the back of their heads” in managing 2 class is to be able to know what is going on at all times Of subcategories of teacher movement behavior, thrust is happening when the teacher bursts into activities without assessing student readiness and gives orders, statements, or questions that confuse students Of subcategories of teacher movement behavior, truncation is happening when the teacher goes from topic or activity to other topic or activities, lacking clear direction and sequence of activities. The class has become uncontrollable, and so teacher Yen decided to have some undisciplined students out of the room to the counselor's office. This is called antiseptic bouncing.” Standing or sitting that shows alertness is an encouraging non-verbal behavior by teachers The immediate reaction to a student angered and making personal remarks is getting the student to calm down It is difficult to have a single definition of problem behavior because it is based on uniqueness of individuals Pinching among personal attitudes, honesty is not among those that demonstrate patience among teachers Among unit plan components, projected competencies-outcomes belong to objectives _ According to Nagel 's acronym PPPF, it is important to follow up lessont objective pis AS a preventive measure for classroom discipline, the teacher may restructure the program. This is not done hole, i y skipping thi unit attogettes ipping the wi lesson’ In the implementati iculum m level ion of the curriculum at the cl n lassroom | ineffective strategies are called “Red Flag’. "PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The major change that makes the to Hispanic education system in education. American education system superior the Philippines is universal basic The most useful in assessing the Capacity of schools to respond to the Education for All policy for education is cohort survival rate. For Erikson, the practical child is not able to feel sensory experience during the trust-mistrust stage of early childhood. The source of information from the computer which can be used for a presentation is database. An effective for introducing Concepts textually and visually before a whole class or a big audience is Power point presentation. The right thing to do for students who display attention-seeking behavior is immediate cognizance of good behavior display. Noypi is an Existentialism teacher. He made efforts to make connections between new information of the EDSA peaceful revolution with past lessons on the Philippine Hispanic revolution. This learning theory of cognitivist is called integration. The degree of moral certitude in the decision of the United States to drop Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order to prevent a prolonged way by a land invasion of Japan is cert A lecture that follows a planned sequence without diverting to other topics is characterized by continuity. The action of staying away from school without good reason or absenteeism is called truancy. Individual Professional Development Plan (IPDP) enables each employee to analyze individual development needs, set flied c i annual goals and target opportunities to meet these identified goals. The efforts of four agencies (DepEd, CHED, a od can pe est , achieved for training and development of teachers is ¢ and synchronization. 34PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Concurrent validity requires correlation study For mastery learning, criterion-referenced testing will be most fit “Group the following items according to phylum” is a thought test item on classifying If all your students in your class passed the pretest, you should go through the lesson quickly in order not to skip any If a teacher wants to test student’s ability to‘organize ideas, essay is the type of test that she should formulate If the computed range is low, this means that the difference between the highest and the lowest score is low If your LET items sample adequately the competencies listed in the syllabi, it can be said that the LET possesses content validity In an entrance examination, a student’s Percentile is P25. Based on this, the student will not be likely admitted. In group norming, the percentile rank of the examinee is dependent on his batch of examinees In her item analysis, the teacher found out that more from the upper group got an item correctly. This means that the item has a positive discrimination index In test construction, TOS means Table of Specifications In the context on the theory of. multiple intelligence, one weakness of the paper-pencil test is it puts the non-linguistically intelligent at a disadvantage It is good to give students challenging and creative learning tasks because development is aided by stimulation Marking on a narmative basis means that the symbols used in grading indicate how a student achieved relative to other students 12PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION use only homogenous materials in a single matching exercise. Likert scale measures the degree of one’s agreement or disagreement on positive or negative statements about objects and people. Assessed curriculum refers to a tested or evaluated curriculum. Taught curriculum are the different planned activities which are put into action in the classroom and are implemented in order to arrive at the objectives or purposes of the written curriculum. Metaphysics is the study of what is beyond the natural. 62iodi i PROFESS: The periodic merit exam Is taken without fe ONAL EDUCATION e. the Teacher Education Development Py a prerequisite for employment of te rogram signifies as a invari; achers j i licensure examination for teachers, In basic education schools Is Every LET passer shall be required to take th e@ Py practicing as a Professional Teacher rofessional Oath before Membership to accredited professional organization for teachers Is not mandatory for all LET passers, Ateacher who has not practiced for at least 5 years cannot go back to teaching unless he/she enrolled in refresher course of 12 units. Manny Pacquiao can be given a special permit to teach boxing in a special school because he has excelled and gained international recognition A failed examinee can qualify for the position of para-teacher if his LET rating is 70 and above. Itis not professional for a teacher to receive gifts from the students and parents especially if done in exchange for requested concessions Under the Education Act of 1901, the English fanguage was imposed under the one-language policy. ry, the first Biennial National i ind indust! M For relevance to business a ‘ensure Examination is technical Education imposed for updating the Lic and scientific competences. sroots model that best advances 1 i ras: Mobile education on Kariton is 2 8 f slum city dwellers Education for All as served children © to students in public From the Constitution, religion MV ve ia Schools upon written permission by pi i ni i nt, maintenance, and ae barge . oT a d system of education. integrate Support of complete, adequate, and 52i | 1 i i ! i i t { 1 | PROFESSIONAL EOUCATION the Education Service Contracting Scheme is a Program that ai reduce the @aP between low social Status and edu nant opportunities for deserving. students catonal The primary reason for the 1987 Constitution’s adoption of a national janguage is to facilitate communication among diverse linguistic groups Ateacher who wishes to pursue a study leave is entitled t js percent of his/her monthly salary O-rerelve 6G The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons gives the physically disadvantaged Filipino children the right to education. Among the rights of schools, the right for basic education to determine subjects of study i not/provided by the law. Under RA 7722 or Higher Education Act of 1994, the Commission on Higher Education identifies, supports, and develops centers of excellence among higher education institutions in the country. The core of the Teacher Education Development Program is National Competency- Based Teacher Standards. The kind of assessment provided for by the NCBIS in the teacher's Preparation of individual Plan for Professional Development is self- assessment Orientation sessions help the new teacher by, being attuned to the School environment, learning guidelines to follow, and develop good telations Ifa teacher introduces herself as teacher only. This implies that she takes no pride the teaching profession a positive learning climate The most relevant for teachers in advancing 3 ee 'S participation in achieving school goals a” t interest of Teachers should support one another when the bes aMers is at stake in controversy- 53PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Evaluative reading is the level of reading that Is used if a student is judging Shakespeare’s Hamlet emotional complex that caused him to wish taking his own life The first step in Goodell’s reading skills ladder is basic sight words In Grace Goodell’s Skill Ladder, using the dictionary should be used last and only when needed ~~ “_ The truest of adolescents is hormonal changes Teacher Eli observed that student Edna is behind in her development with classmates in Grade Four. Her not getting along with age-mates most likely made him come_up with this. observation Erik Erikson advocated that we face a specific psychosocial dilemma at each stage of life In Erikson’s stage theory of development, trust needs to be developed from the child (1 to % years old). Following Kohlberg’s’theory of moral development, the moral reasoning or perspective of Joy who allows her classmate to copy her test work, so that she will be her friend is social approval Centration explains the tendency of preschool children to focus on an aspect of an object while excluding other aspects In’ Piaget's stage of cognitive development, pre-operational stage is the stage in which a child’s intelligence is intuitive, able to make mental representation, and close to the use of symbols In Piaget’s concrete operational stage In cognitive development, decentering refers to the ability of the child to perceive different features of objects and situations. in cognitive development, knowing In Piaget’s Formal operation stage etc) is not among the characteristics properties (number, mass, volume, of the child’s thinking abilityPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The result of compressing a file is the file size becomes smaller Using Bloom’s taxonomy, the highest is critical evaluation The students of Teacher Panyang feel that their teacher has an “eye behind her head”. This characteristic of the teacher is known as withitness The most fitting action of a teacher who is having a relationship with his/her student is to continue the relationship but exercise utmost professional discretion about this Some children go through a period of intense appetite when they eat or chew on all sorts of inedible food. This is called pica. Median is the’ most reliable measure’ of central tendency if there are outliers or extreme scores. If there are two modes, this is called bimodal distribution. The scores are low in a positively skewed distribution. A leptokurtic distribution is taller or more peaked than the normal distribution. Validity means that a material measures what it aims to measure. A portfolio is a collection of artifacts or pieces of work by a targeted clientele. Withitness means having eyes at the back. Formal education refers to the hierarchically structured and chronologically graded learning, organized and provided by formal schools and where certification is required in order for the learner to progress through the grades or move on to higher levels. Protagoras was the most famous Sophist who stated that man is the measure of all things. 24PROFESSIONAL is the stud cucaTION jus’ teaching lV and pas: mph ie ascetic WAY of life is an influence of Hindu thought. entlalls™ emphasizes the authority of the teacher: t matter curriculum. ers and the value Ess ofa subject incaleating the spirit of empathy among learners fulfills the pillar of learning, Learning to Live Together. Transforming certified skills Into personal competence is the concern ofLearning To Do. The norms in a school culture are centered on the learner, Developing prejudice for a group is notian element of a high-morale environment. Complying with norms of conduct and possessing technical skills is the hallmark of professionals. 'n brainstorming, you should avoid selectively involving pupils. Having a mock presidential election, complete with Se ort aakiog dscussion of issues and voting, teaches students the decisio! Process, ofscience ‘2ming math as applied to situations: such asits belng too! the best way to develop math concepts: lled The j «ore in language lessons Is Ca Inn o"Poration of the content materials in lane gration aperwach, : ement practice. : eventive in approach is sound classroom manag | setenin&, “ jor behaviors of listent ajor ®llaborative approach includes the "1 apacking: att yin and , presenting, problem-solving 58PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Analysis is the cognitive ability to break and consider concepts through component parts The primary advantage of active learning techniques (discussion, role play, gaming, etc) in instruction is student engagement ‘Among thinking skills in learning, divergent thinking includes fluent, flexible, original, and elaborate thinking. in his Literature class, the teacher gives stress to one’s own ability to write poetic verse, drawn from sensible images, thoughts, and perceptions. The creative thinking behavior that he is trying to develop in students is originality. A test is an instrument, designed to measure any characteristic, ability, or knowledge Evaluation is a process of systematic collection and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data in order to make some judgment or decision Assessment is a process of gathering and organizing quantitative or qualitative data into an interpretable form to have a basis for judgment or decision-making Measurement is a process of quantifying the degree to which someone or something possess a given trait A traditional mode of assessment is a pen and paper mode of assessing any quality, skill, or knowledge One advantage of traditional assessment is that scoring is objective Petformance-based form of assessment requires the students to Perform a significant and relevant task boratively gathers. portfolio is defined as dynamically and colla ort course goals ultiple indicators of student progress to SUPP 45‘ PROFESSIONAL EDUCAT! ile organizer is a planning tool that helps ti ION i 5 hi ager that the questions during discussion wie reader analyze the so work for understanding text, Create a coherent faa - g them reading materials within their ving ne rage students to become readers, c level of interest, we authoritative parenting style is most beneficial to the development of children. Word perception is the ability to pronounce word as a meaningful unit. literal comprehension means reading the lines, getting information drift, answering questions on knowledge level. Clustering can be used as a brainstorming tool to generate and organize ideas, to summarize main points of a story or article. Visual display devices come in the form of chalkboards, marker boards, fp charts, bulletin boards and are valuable in emphasizing the major Points of a lesson. The essence of Problem-Based Instruction consists of Presenting Students with authentic situation that can serve as springboards Nestigations and inquiry. ; i fore it hea control seeks to discipline student behavior befor “omes a full standard of good conduct. ity, ability, skill vn instrument designed to measure @nY quality, 2 Nowledge, Me with opportunities i udents tog ‘Ssessment is unbiased and provides stl ‘onstrate what they have learned: . hose jearning outcomes thal 0: Me trict t jective items. ‘st Sno he use of essay questions to U ® satisfactorily measured bY © 61PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION underlying assumption of the social . ive theory, , people py observing others. cognit (e rns Math by building on Math lessons ne lea ‘ tion of the constructivist theory, : re on apoi Previously learned. This shorndike’s aw of effect states that a connection between sti and response is strengthened when the consequence is pualtie ues ee according to Ausubel, one of the ways to strengthen the student’s cognitive structure Is by using an instructional tool called advance organizer. Mentoring is an activity characterized by a relationship of mutual trust and respect, with individuals agreeing to observe each other's teaching and solving problems together. Schools aiming to boost student learning work on a collaborative culture. Resource Planning is not:a domain of the competency-based standards for teachers. School working in isolation from community and industry will work against improvement of quality education. . \d compulsory Is 1987 Philippine Constitution mandates free a” cation in the elementary level. i inirang- The offici ‘ em is tupang H he oficial title of the Philippine National Anth RA 7610 is apP lied. Mena case of child abuse is filed by Pare"! so be truly a ; Tehlberg would most likely agree With the sim atained. respons le jence k al, 4 person must have the experien! e Wel ” fare of others. ach Id te bay ities show autho! rejgnted Instructors by the religious n, 37PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION High dependence on authority is generally hlamed for the failure of independent study atong Silipine students Of yoals of education, eltlzenship relates to the strengthening of our sodely’s sense of belonging and identity, The beat way parents Can support the learning development of their children Is showing Interest and assistance in class assignments. The need to conform International standards has greatly influenced the introduction of K-12 to reform in basic education. The essential characteristic of the new Performance Appraisal System for Teachers (PAST) is competency-based. The end-focus of Outcome-Based Education is results. The apportioned time for program activities is called allocated time. Mainstreaming is a strategy which allows special children to join Classes with regular students. Mean is known as the arithmetic average. Median is the middlemost number after arranging the scores in the distribution in an ascending or descending order. Low standard deviation is characterized by Nomogeneity. High standard deviation is characterized by scores far away from the mean. The difference between the highest and the lowest score is called “range. Y The percentile divides the scores or population in 100. ‘The cognitive domain is Involved in having students clarify information from conclusions Is analysis. 33PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION An example of a formative test is a quiz ‘A diagnostic test measures a student’s strengths and weaknesses. A summative test is done at the conclusion of instruction Essay is a type of test that is most vulnerable to biases . One incorrect practice in test construction is that when using numbers as options, arrange them in descending order Under the new version of Bloom’s Taxonomy of cognitive processes, generating belongs to the top level. «The lowest level under the new version of Bloom’s Taxonomy is remembering. «The highest level under the new version of Bloom’s Taxonomy is creating. * The basic form of cognitive process according to Bloom's is knowledge. © Convergent thinking is a thinking strategy that refers to narrowing ideas from big concept to smaller ones. * — Aholistic rubric in scoring utilizes a single criterion. * Withitness means that the teacher knows everything that happens around the four corners of the classroom * When the teacher jumps from one topic to another without assessing if the students are ready to absorb the instructions, this practice depicts thrust. - * When a teacher is able to perform multiple, different activities at the Same time, this shows overlapping. ~ Surprise quiz is a form of punishment that is least likely to affect Students negatively. a lesson plan is objectives, subject The correct sequence in making s and assignment. Matter, learning activities, evaluation, an ‘rtPROFESSIONAL TDUCATION: The Sophists In ancient Greek were the wandering scholars who went to Athens to teach Athenian bays by collecting fees from them. Socrates was a Greek Thinker who believed that knowledge Is virtue and all virtuous actions are based on knowledge, Monasticism Is where education was a religlous discipline, strict, rigid, and punishment was severe. St. Thomas of Aquinas was one of the foremost proponents of the Scholastic movement. A page is an attendant to the noble courts at the age of 7 years old. Humanism is a philosophy that belleves that education aims to liberate man from the oppressive and demanding medieval institutions like the church and the state to enable him fully to develop his potentials. Reformation highlighted the protests of the people who were dissatisfied by the policies of the Roman Catholic Church caused by the massive corruption and indulgences of the church. Martin Luther Is considered as the father of Reformation. Realism Is an educational philosophy that advocates that education should be concerned with the actualities of life and prepare for Its concrete duties. John Amos Comenius wrote “Orbis Pictus Sensualism”. or the World of Sensible Things Pictured, which Is considered as the first textbook on using of visual alds In classroom teaching. Francis Bacon suggested the use of inductive method of teaching and believed that all scientific progress must be based on nature. John Locke is an advocate of disciplinism and believed that when the child is born his mind can be compared to a “tabula rasa”, or a “blank tablet and experiences will be the ones to write on that tablet, PtyPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION lis so well learned that they are Adaptation is concerned with skil i ta problem situation modified to fit special requirements or mee Origination creates new movement patterns to fit a particular situation or problem If a preschool is competing with her mother for her father’s attention, she is said to be experiencing Electra complex Classical conditioning theory is attributed to lvan Pavlov for his experiment involving the dog’s salivation as a reaction to the sound of the buzzer Institutions of learning is encouraged to set higher standards of quality over and above the minimum required for state recognition as provided for the Education Act of 1982 is voluntary accreditation The present military training in our school curriculum is an influence of Sparta The singing of national anthem is an offshoot of the philosophical ideals of nationalism The research that established the first kindergarten that is also known as a garden where children can grow is Froebel One mark of a good teacher is that she has the mastery of the lesson Under the learning to do domain, competence must be acquired by Justin so he can perform his work effectively The main purpose of compulsory education of the Constitution is to develop students into responsible thinking citizen To show disapproval to the misbehavior of the student, the teacher clears his throat and looks intently at the erring student. This classroom management style is commonly known as signal interference 22 st 1 AA NRE Senne:PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION A high difficulty index means that an item is very easy. 0.92 difficulty index means that a test item is very easy. « — Aperfect score (1) difficulty index means that all students got the correct answers, e Anegative discrimination index means that more from the bottom group answered the test question correctly. « Apositive discrimination index means that more from the upper group successfully answered the test item e — Azero discrimination index means that an item cannot discriminate. « — Avvalid test is always reliable but not all reliable tests are valid. * — The best method to increase the reliability of a test material is to increase the number of test items * — Anorm-referenced testing depends on the scores of the group * Acriterion-referenced testing depends on the predetermined criteria A leptokurtic distributions means that all (almost all) scores are Clustered in the middle. A bell-shaped distribution is called a normal distribution. If a distribution is skewed to the right implies that the scores are low A positively skewed distribution means that the scores are poor Anegatively skewed distribution means that more students performed better ifa distribution is skewed to the left, this implies that the scores are high Answering a multiple-choice exam is an example of a pen-and-paper 8Ssessm, ent 36PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION normative marking is based on Student achiever mi ats ent relative to other tests should be non-threatening but surprise ul quiz actual students ally threatens saying “It Is better to make useless mistakes tha test” Is least reassuring from the teacher to pre expectations from tests. In Not to complete the ‘ovide proper Objective scoring is observed when exams are machine-scored. Ambiguity is seen in tests that are confusing and are subject to wrong understanding, especially to poorer students. Teacher Edna could not get it right, as her tests are either too easy or too difficult. What’s wrong in this situation is the inappropriate level of test difficulty. ~ For easier correction of his test, the teacher prepared the True and False items in alternating 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. True, and 2, 4, 6, etc. False. What’s wrong with the test in terms of usability is identifiable pattern of answers. What is wrong with the test items that give clues to answers to questions is poor construction luffing is susceptible to these tests, such as In using Essay questions, bl of the subject to make them less reliable measure broad knowledge matter not a characteristic of the and interpretations of id visit. Of the following, literary and grammatical is Response Journal that reflects observations fel the student, such as on a reading material or a fie a3 jectives in the The teacher would like to cover a wide variety ot som subjectverd Suarterly examinations in her English class an riate to use. *ereement, Multiple choice test is the most approP ccniltty I ibed when the a 'Mterpreting assessment results, reliability is describe 85 Ults are consistent. 50; PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION vocabulary meaning is commonly assesseq by paper-and-pencil test: -and-pencil tests, sight music reading may not be Well assesse, tests. d by paper-and-pencil The reason why performance is given th e lar ight i MAPEH is Because they are dominantly Best weight in TLE and Physical skill subject. The best way to assess a class presentation (song, dance, or drama) is rubrics. . Ascoring guide that lists the criteria and their levels of quality on which evaluation will be focused is rubric. Using Rubrics to assess power-point presentation of students, content value is the most significant as it is the essence of presentations Portfolio is an alternative assessment tool that consists of a:collection.* Pe of work artifacts or in progress accomplishment by a targeted clientele Rating scale is what a teacher employs if he prepares a list of behaviors for rating performance in the use of microscope At the beginning of the school year, journal and submitted portfolio are projects that can best determine student-mastery of the previous year’s subject matter prior to introducing new subject matter. find out the specific concepts in A teacher who gave a 10-item test to ‘ ents fficulty shows a diagnostic Which the students are encouraging di assessment i in learning @ Formative assessment helps teachers determine gaps In 1e2rnI78 Subject matter sts reveal strengths and Among standardized tests, diagnostic tes ( ropriate Weaknesses for purposes of placement an structional program . ined by a criteriop- Preferred level of specific skills is determined by @ ch "eferenc e a test *PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION In Teacher Mila’s Biology class, students were made to work In small groups, learned from each other and each person in the group took responsibility for the learning of the whole group. She employed cooperative learning If Teacher Ann wants to apply the collaborative approach in learning, she should be Initially attentive to Ilstening, T-L individual Ideas to general ideas describes the inductive teaching- learning (TL) method The type of classroom that builds the “learning to live together” climate of teaching and learning in school is cooperative In the learning to do pillar of new education, the enabling factor that can make the learner fully contribute to a peaceful and just society is values The organization that advanced the insights of “Learning to Treasure Within” for 21* century education is the International Commission for! the 21" Century. An observation that tests to the fact that the student’s motivation vary according to socio-cultural background is children from low- income household meet more obstacles In learning. In the poem “When in Distance with Fortune and Men’s Eyes” Shakespeare felt depressed looking at his sad fate and wishing he were someone else more rich, with many friends, with greater skills and future prospects in life. The best antidote to such depressed feelings is count your own blessings; Among active participation of school officials and teachers in the community, promoting contraceptives for planned parenthood is not_ appropriate due to prevailing religious sentiments The degree of moral certitude of Alegre who entered: into marriage only out of obedience to her parents, but uncertain whether she wanted marriage at all is doubtful. ; emma ese mmaPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Perennialism maintains that education involves confronting the problems and questions that have challenged people over the centuries. t a The licensure examination directly qualifies the teacher candidate to be registered at par with other professions like medicine, law, nursing, and the like. To prevent the low performance of graduates taking the LET, there should be a review of the existing teacher education curriculum vis-d-vis TOS According to the 1990 EDCOM congressional review and assessment, low investment and poor management primarily causes the declining quality of Philippine education. The constitutional exemption for prohibition to establish schools solely for aliens in the Philippines is for children of diplomats and their dependents. Academic freedom is the right given to private universities to require an entrance test for admission of students. Students who show high learning skills are most deserving of government funding assistance. By way of language medium, National Language is best for students of diverse cultural backgrounds. The local government can support schools by providing fiscal funding to support schools. Schools can effectively support out-of-school youths and the unemployed by providing livelihood training. The vision-mission, core values of a school can be most effectively translated in the academic program of a school by alignment with Program, projects, and activities. 28PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION: If the lowest score obtained in a 100-item test Is 1 and the highest Is 99. the scores are highly dispersed In norm-referenced interpretation of scores, the teacher compares individual student’s scores with other students’ scores A teacher's generosity error means that the teacher has a tendency to give high grades as compared to the rest What is claimed to be a disadvantage of our current practice of giving numerical or letter grade is that they are perceived to be absolute measures of intelligence A hedonist teacher will pass the student if he Is ordered to pass an undeserving student with a death threat because he does not want to suffer the threat. A class is composed of academically poor students. The distribution would be most likely be skewed to the right A negative discrimination index means that more from the lower group answered the test item correctly A positive discrimination index means that more from the upper group got the item correctly A quiz is classified as a formative test . A teacher would use a standardized test to compare her students to national norms A test item has a difficulty index of 0.81 and a discrimination index of Q,13. A test constructor should reject the item Percentile ranks are not the same as percentage correct Assessment is said to be akithentic when the teacher gives students feal-life tasks to accomplish BEYPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION accepting knowledge is not among the ways to advance metacognition perceiving does not belong to the Meta-cognitive reading activities Learning influenced by social interaction and interpersonal relations. The teacher must make students work collaboratively. Drawing and coloring best relate to the child visual learning and development For bodily-kinesthetic learners, the activity that will appeal and be appreciated when assigned to them is calisthenics. Drawing and sketching are manifestation among students that show they are high in spatial intelligence. Wigins and McTighe cite application to solve problems as a proof of student understanding principles of learning. Rote memory has the least importance in purposive and effective learning Teacher's annual performance rating is the dependent variable is apt for the hypothesis “The more the teacher knows the subject matter, the better she can teach it”. The meaning of a negative correlation between amount of practice and number of error in tennis is that as the amount of practice Increases, the number of errors decreases. Knowledge is the foundation of all cognitive objectives that paves the way for higher thinking skills In his History class, the teacher uses a current events IQ contest to determine champions in identifying people, places, and events. Knowledge oF recall is the learning objective/outcome that he aims to achieve Application is the kind of learning involved when the teacher requires Mudents to bring into use, employ, exercise, implement, practices 4Se some principles, concepts or items. “aPROFESSIONAL EOUCATION The first thing that the teacher determines in the selection of media tor teaching Is the objectives of the lesson lish, she found out that d her lesson in Eng! modify After Ms. Adriano planne match her objectives. She must the materials at hand do not the available materials. teacher in the Appropriateness Is the criterion that should guide a choice of instructional devices Globe as an instructional material is under the category of models The principle that Is violated by overusing the chalkboard, as though it Is the only educational technology avallable Is variety The closer you are to the base, the more direct the learning experience becomes according to Edgar Dale. ching and learning become “When more senses are stimulated, tea inciple is using multisensory more effective.” An application of this pri aids intellectual development moves from enactive to Bruner’s theory on | the teacher must iconic and symbolic stage. Applying Bruner’s theory, begin with the concrete The spreadsheet program is the software needed when one wants to perform automatic calculations on numerical data d real'samples of rocks when she discussed the Mrs. Agustin presente: d the principle of authenticity in different forms of rocks. She applies the selection of instructional material. The major laws of learning is identified with Thorndike Skinner is remembered for the Instrumental conditioning theory Tabula rasa is a concept of education attributed to John Locke The Great Didactic is an educational classic written by Comenius 15PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The guiding principle that a teacher follows for lesson preparation when he covers the essential subject content, while treating them sufficiently or in-depth is balance. The kind of quality content that a teacher follows if he made.certain’ his lesson content can be useful to his students is utility. “ The basic psychological principle in multicultural instruction is individual differences Special education Is a thrust that meets the needs of gifted children. One-fits-all curriculum does not Contribute in advancing the special education program. School space and landscape is covered by the Science of Ergonomics. The most effective way to advance oral proficiency in students is engaging them in conversational activities An example of a book or writing intended for moral knowledge of the very young readers is Jack and the Beanstalk The reading style introduced by a teacher who asked her students to make predictions from the reading materials is top-down. Structural analysts is known as learning anew word by studying its root and affixes The kind of definition of keywords that a teacher requires his students in making their research papers is operational the historical development of reading are as follows: (1) people used plcturesand character to convey ey {2} through the Semite’s ingenuity, sounds and symbols gave tise an the Phoenician alphabet, (3) Greek letters and the Roman a a t Were developed, and (4) researchers showed the process of reading, comprehension, and interpretation The sequence of events on Along coefficients for a reading test, the variable cet to it ret Understanding of the reading material is comp! e ery.PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION ing is not part of the physical cla! groom! ssTOom mana gement, ou ask students to explain why they you are asking them to evaluat, agree or disagree with a en curriculum content is fairly distributeq ‘ ine berinii hat the curriculum is balanced ach area of discipline wht this means t when the curriculum aims to develop the’whole 4 nsidered child-centered. chi, the curriculum is col stufflebeamn’s Model is not a curriculum model. Overusing the chalkboard as though it is the only education technology available violates the principle of variety in the use of technology. In the preschool class, building blocks or models will greatly help in developing manual dexterity. To cater to the needs of the diverse types of learners, multipurpose materials must be prepared. To improve listening and speech skills, audio recording will be most appropriate, . i best 'ndividualized instruction is the teaching method which can be "aught by the use of computers. . of given When a student is asked to draw conclusion from a group lat *a, synthesis is involved. : ideration In fy, the first consi i derstanding by Design curricular approac Sut the desired results. " ‘he mos! the teachers have the | tation. Am te "é the curriculum stakeholders: SPonsins nsibility in curriculum impleme range 'earnin’ Am pers at Ong th rs, the feacne” ang 5 the curriculum stakeholders, tained: *€ to it that the objectives are atPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The school-home connection best charactesites a siiong converted cnzer RA TUE? of higher Ecucaton Act of 1994. the Commission on Higher Education has cvact supennsson and maragement of teacher INSUTUDONS OF CObEeges of education in the country. The Teacher Education Development Program embodies doth the pre-se: "c@ ana wn-se-vice programs for Teachers. ing physica! facilities in the classroom should be basec on the students’ needs. The most effective way to c'arfy the schoot’s goals and respons.> ties earty in the first year is orientation. The averal stream for education, growth, and fulfillment in the + rg profession is lifelong career. Responsiveness is the best description for the full interest and erin.s.asm in the work of teaching. What can be expected from the teacher's role as a community cnange agent is relevant response to community needs. In the schoo! the teacher is the key to the success or failure in teaching-and-learning, being the link between the child and the curriculum. The teachers, school and community, and the learners will benefit from the teachers undergoing annual medical check-up. Self-evaluation is known as 2 self-appraisal for professional growth that is acceptable and useful for recognizing weakness and Strengths for a new beginning teacher. High literacy and critical thinking is not relevant as immediate expectations for BEEd and BSEd graduates.PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The alm of our education during the Commonwealth period was purely nationalistic and democratic Suppose that in developing a curriculum, your intention is to put a lot of importance in developing the mind and spirit of the learners. The philosophical belief that will help you on this is idealism A school curriculum should include a common body of knowledge that all students should know. This is related to essentialism One teacher says: If it is billiard that brings students out of the classroom, let us bring it into the classroom. Perhaps, | can use it to teach mathematics.” This is related to progressivism The curriculum should focus on the great ideas that have survived through time and related to present day challenges. This is related to perennialism The subject matter or content to be learned must be within the time allowed, resource available, expertise of the teacher and nature of learners. The criterion addressed is feasibility The closest to the real human digestive system for study in the classroom is the model of human digestive system The factor that must be primarily considered in the choice of instructional aid is that it must be suited to the lesson objective Realias are concrete objects that provide direct purposeful experiences which are ideal for introducing students to a new subject A flow chart is the graphic organizer most fit for sequencing steps of a Process ~ The internet is the worldwide system of computer networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer The brain.of the computer is called the cpu 14PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The purpose of support instructional materials in the classroom Is to enhance learning With closeness to direct experience as standard, a teacher should choose contrived experiences. Real-life experience provides the most direct type of learning but is difficult to supply in the traditional classroom The Venn diagram is most useful in presentation of concepts by comparison A bar graph is a visual aid that is useful in showing the trend in temperature change from month-to-month The quality of content the teacher achieved when she made certain her information came with the “information explosion” which she got in the Internet, such as how to effectively teach phonetics is significance The quality of lesson content that gets the active attention of learners is Interest According to researchers, increased violence among young is the likely effect of excessive TV viewing and video games playing among children Among the following terms in technology, educational technology has the broadest concept of technology for the whole educative system In e-learning, the motivational aspect of learning through the electronic media is enthusiasm to use technology Technology cannot take the place of the teacher in the classroom because it is only an instrument or a tool in the process of integrating technology in instruction, developing metacognition points to the highest kind of cognitive skills desired The most traditional technology in the limited sense of tools for education is the use of chalkboardPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The State shall assign the-highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages According to the Philippine Constitution Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis The state shall establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students (those that show high learning skills) in both public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged - Republic Act 7836 is an act to strengthen the regulation and supervision of the practice of teaching in the Philippines and prescribing a licensure examination for teachers and for other purposes. The word teacher refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary levels, whether on full-time or part-time basis, including industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools The board of professional teachers has the power to prescribe and/ or adopt a code of ethical and professional standards for the practice of the teaching profession. The Board shall, within one hundred twenty (120) days after the examination, report the ratings obtained by each candidate to the Professional Regulation Commission for approval and appropriate action. Every registrant shall be required to take his professional oath “before practicing as a professional teacher 18PRON ESSALALAL Etat rt wonce a teacher, forever a student” emphasizes IMeiong learning. Enactive representations are action-based according to Jerome Branek Venn diagram Is most likely to be used when discussing the stmilarities and differences of prokaryotic and eukaryatic cells, The learning to do pillar focuses on the competence of a certain individual on a particular skill. Learning from a Chinese how to use chopsticks properly is an example of acculturation. “pakikisama mentality” is considered as both a negative and postive Filipino trait. The ability of a child to realize that 1 liter of bottled water has the same quantity even if the water will be placed on a plastic pitcher or pale is called conservation Lawrence Kohlberg focuses more on morality. Electra complex is known as 2 girl's psychosexual competition wrth her mother for the possession of her father The part of human personality in which instinct and primary processes manifest is Id. Physiologic need shall receive the highest priority according to Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. In Grace Goodell’s Reading Skills Ladder, “basic sight words” takes Precedence. Language acquisition device assumes that people 2F° born with innate ability to acquire language Interactive model shows reading a5 27 active process that depends on reader characteristics, the text, and the reading situationPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION There shall be no discrimination whatsoever in entrance to the teaching profession, or during its exercise, or in the termination of services, based on other than professional consideration. Whenever possible, the proper authorities shall take all steps to enable married couples, both of wham are public school teachers, to be employed in the same locality. Any teacher engaged in actual classroom instruction shall not be required to render more than six hours of actual classroom teaching a day, which shall be so scheduled as to give him time for the Preparation and correction of exercises and other work incidental to his normal teaching duties Where the exigencies of the service so require, any teacher may be required to render more than six hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual classroom teaching a day upon payment of additional compensation at the same rate as his regular remuneration plus at least twenty-five per cent of his basic pay Any teacher shall be paid an additional compensation of at least twenty-five per cent of his regular remuneration after the teacher has completed at least six hours of actual classroom teaching a day. Salary scales of teachers shall provide for a gradual progression from a minimum to a maximum salary by means of regular increments, granted automatically after three years In addition to the leave privileges now enjoyed by teachers in the public schools, they shall be entitled to study leave not exceeding ‘one school year after seven years of service wre ule’ Knowledge gives emphasis on remembering information AE Comprehension focuses on understanding and organizing previously learned information Application gives emphasis on using information in pertinent situations 20PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Median Is to point as standard deviation is to distance NUAT and NEAT results are interpreted against set mastery level. This means that they fall under criterion-referenced test Out of 3 distracters in a multiple choice test item, namely B, C, and D, no pupil chose D as an answer. This implies that choice D is an Inctfective distracter Q1 Is to formative test while periodic is to summative test Range is to variability as mean is to central tendency The establishment of the School of the Future (SOF) introduces improvement and reform in education to respond to both human and soclal needs. This is related to the philosophy of Reconstructionism. Learning constitutes a logical method for organizing and interpreting learning. This is one thinking of the cognitivist Mrs. Galang often makes use of experiential rather than the rote method in teaching; she is, thus, observed to provide “custom- made” activities for her pupils. The curriculum pattern she apparently follows is that of child-centered If the “what” in teaching refers to curriculum, the “how” of it refers to instruction The emphasis on curriculum of this philosophy deals with the choices in subject matter and electives as well as the emotional, aesthetic, and philosophical subjects. The philosophy is related to existentialism The Kalayaan Elementary School uses a curriculum design that recognizes the ability levels of its pupils. Thus, the contents of each subject areas taught across grade levels are so organized that the. simplest concepts are taken up in the early grades and the more difficult ones, in the higher levels. This shows a widening and deepening sequence of similar concepts taught through the elementary levels. This is called a spiral curriculum design 13PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION The present-day netizen students are properly referred today as digital generation Blog Is a journal writing on the internet for netizens-* Presently, the Internet has become the home library of students for vast and updated information Lifelike is the quality that makes digital visual materials better describes as “visual reality”, Videotaped conversation of students using adjectives Is an appropriate multimedia resource for a lesson on adjectives Village Interview is a form of direct learning experience Teacher demonstrating the use of microscope is a direct performance experience in teaching science Teacher Ann would like to compare and contrast plant cell to animal cell. She would most likely to use a Venn Diagram A useful tool for constructivist learning in presenting the characteristic features of objects/subjects in a lesson is the attribute wheel A pocket chart is an aid that Is two-dimensional and hanged on the wall The kind of literary works that are very creative by way of descriptive language and dramatic episodes is fiction novels The students can find critical views on current events in newspapers in the apinion page Among models of reading strategies, the student adopted interactive method when she read back and forth, attending to both what is in her mind and what’s on the page “Context clues” is known as getting the meaning of a new unfamiliar Word by looking for hints from the surrounding words in a sentence of Paragraph. ‘PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION: The major change that makes the American education system superior to Hispanic education system in the Philippines is universal basic education. The most useful in assessing the capacity of schools to respond to the education for All policy for education is cohort survival rate. for Erikson, the practical child is not able to feel sensory experience during the trust-mistrust stage of early childhood. The source of information from the computer which can be used for a presentation is database. An effective for introducing concepts textually and visually before a whole class or a big audience is Power point presentation. The right thing to do for students who display attention-seeking behavior is immediate cognizance of good behavior display. Noypi is an Existentialism teacher. He made efforts to make connections between new information of the EDSA peaceful revolution with past lessons on the Philippine Hispanic revolution. This learning theory of cognitivist is called integration. The degree of moral certitude in the decision of the United States to drop Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order to prevent 2 prolonged way by a land invasion of Japan is certain. A lecture that follows a planned sequence without diverting to other topics is characterized by continuity. The action of staying away from school without good reason or absenteeism is called truancy. Individual Professional Development Plan (IPDP) enables each employee to analyze individual development needs, set specific annual goals and target opportunities to meet these identified goals. can be best The effor Ed, CHED, PRC, CSC) ts of four agencies (DepEd, coordination achieved for training and development of teachers is #nd synchronization. aPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Concentration is not mentioned as needed so that the individual learner in the 24st century can learn how to learn In a tertiary school, the President organized a Fun Run for students, faculty and personnel to enjoy camaraderie, physical exertion under the sun, sense of engagement and achievement. This activity promotes spiritual vigor. The most functional intervention in order to achieve a basic right of every Filipino Child under the Constitution and Magna Carta for Disabled Persons is home study program. In the formal education system during Hispanic times in the Philippines, public education was not implemented but which we enjoyed during the American period. To process and select information belongs to the more sophisticated learning-to-learn skills for the individual learner. Acquisition of new knowledge is not an advanced process of metacognition among learners. Research studies showed that children in slums generally have lower reading achievement than children in urban schools. The factor shown to affect reading achievement is socio-economic status. Of clusters of meaningful learning activities, peer tutoring does not’ belong to spatial learning activities. P80 score means that the student scored better than 80 percent of the class. 70 means that the student scored better than 70 percent of the class. Quartile 2 is the median of four quartiles. 50 is the median of all percentiles. Stanines divides the scores/population into 9 groups. a5PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION bea reasoning Is described as arriving to main idea from smaller topics Deductive reasoning is described as arrivi ving to i general topics 1g to smaller topics from An example of Intrinsic motivation is community service Examples of extrinsic motivation include acing the LET, graduating with honors, and prestige. If the students want to feel connected that means they have attention- seeking behavior. RA 7836 is a law that prescribed licensure examination for teachers and will strengthen the regulation of the practice of teaching in the Philippines RA 10533 is known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (K-12) A para-teacher is someone who did not pass the LET but garnered a score of 70 and above The periodic merit exam consists of both oral and written examinations. The periodic merit exam can be used as basis for promotion ave, she will get 60 percent of her Ifa teacher wishes to enjoy study le: salary while on leave. Education should receive the highest budgetary allocation according to the Philippine Constitution. Free choice is most likely be related to existentialism Focusing on the basic is a concept of essentialism Ugtriki i i a Progressivism involves the concept of striking while the iron is hot”. 38