CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Child labor refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives
children of their childhood. Being involved in works in an early age can interferes
with their ability to attend regular school. It is mentally harmful for the child. A
child should be taught inside a school. It is socially or morally dangerous and
harmful for them to go out for their work with an age of below 18 years. For
short, it is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This
practice is considered exploitative by many international organizations.
Legislation across the world prohibits child labor but does not consider all work.

Children are allowed to work under certain condition like a child below
fifteen (15) years old can be permitted to work if under supervision by family
senior responsibility of parents where only members of the family are employed
and with that, the legal guardian shall provide the said child with the prescribe
primary and secondary education. Talking about time, child must work not more
than 8 hours a day and in no case beyond 40 hours a week. They shall not be
allowed to work between 10:00 P.M. and 6:00 A.M. of the day. The child
employment does not endanger the life, safety, and health of the child.

Exceptions include work by children are child artists, family duties,

supervised training, etc.

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Historical Background

Child labor in Pre-industrial Societies

Child labor forms an intrinsic part of pre-industrial economies. In pre-

industrial societies, there is rarely a concept of childhood in the modern sense.
Children often begin to actively participate in activities such as child rearing,
hunting and farming as soon as they are competent. In many societies, children
as young as 13 are seen as adults and engage in the same activities as adults.

The work of children was important in pre-industrial societies, as children

needed to provide their labor for their survival and that of their group. Pre-
industrial societies were characterized by low productivity and short life
expectancy, preventing children from participating in productive work would be
more harmful to their welfare and that of their group in the long run. In pre-
industrial societies, there was little need for children to attend school. This is
especially the case in non-literate societies. Most pre-industrial skill and
knowledge were amenable to being passed down through direct mentoring or
apprenticing by competent adults.

Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution

With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in Britain in the late 18th
century, there was a rapid increase in the industrial exploitation of labor,
including child labor. Industrial cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and
Liverpool rapidly grew from small villages into large cities and improving child
mortality rates. These cities drew in the population that was rapidly growing due
to increased agricultural output. This process was replicated in other
industrializing counties.

2
 The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under
which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in
production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal,
working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too
narrow and low for adults. Children also worked as errand boys, crossing
sweepers, shoe blacks, or selling matches, flowers and other cheap goods. Some
children undertook work as apprentices to respectable trades, such as building or
as domestic servants (there were over 120,000 domestic servants in London in
the mid-18th century). Working hours were long: builders worked 64 hours a
week in summer and 52 in winter, while domestic servants worked 80-hour
weeks.

Child labor played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its
outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were
expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-
third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or
abandonment, obliging many children to work from a young age. In England and
Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton
mills were described as children. A high number of children also worked
as prostitutes. The author Charles Dickens worked at the age of 12 in
a blacking factory, with his family in debtor's prison.

Historical Evolution of Child Labor Laws in the Philippines

The concern for the welfare of Children being employed to work started in
the Philippines as early as 1923. The American colonial government of that time
enacted the very first set of rules and regulations in the country regarding Child-
labor through Act No. 3071, also known as “An Act to Regulate the Employment
of Women and Children in Shops, Factories, Industrial, Agricultural and
Mercantile Establishments, and Other Place of Labor in the Philippine Islands, to

3
Provide Penalties for Violations Hereof and for Other Purposes.” The enforcement
of this law was eventually overseen by the Woman and Child Labor Section of
the Inspection Division of the then Bureau of Labor in 1925. When the
Philippines declared independence from American rule in 1946, all existing laws
enacted under the former regime were replaced by Republic Acts. Act No. 3071
was renamed R.A. 695 thereafter and the implementation was entrusted to the
Women and Minors Division of the former Bureau of Labor Standards, in 1957.

In 1932, the Philippines enacted into law to codify its penal laws, they
came to be known as the Revised Penal Code (RPC).The RPC contains several
provisions barring certain types of child work, such as “Exploitation of Child
Labor” (Article 273) which prohibits an employer from retaining a child worker in
service against his or her will under the pretext of reimbursing a debt incurred by
the child’s ascendants. The RPC also includes a clause regarding the “Exploitation
of Minors” (Article 278). This provision prohibits the employment of a minor less
than sixteen (16) years of age in what the code describes as “dangerous
exhibits”. Other provisions of the RPC relating to slavery, prostitution, corruption,
illegal detention, and kidnapping of minors are all applicable to child workers.
The RPC remains in effect to this day in the Philippines.
Two years after Philippine independence from American control, the
Republic became a member state of the International Labor Organization on
June 15, 1948.Since then, the Philippines have ratified a number of international
conventions adopted by ILO, relating to child labor. The country first ratified in
1953, ILO Convention No. 90, which prohibits the employment of children in
industry during night time and in 1960, the government ratified ILO Convention
No. 59, which fixes the minimum age of employment for industry at 15
years. The convention, however, allows younger workers to be employed in
undertakings which only members of the employer’s family are employed, but
only if the work in question is not a danger to the life, health, or morals of the
children employed. ILO Convention No. 77, which requires the medical

4
examination and subsequent re-examination of children as a prerequisite for
their employment, was also put into effect in 1960. The ILO Convention No. 138
or the Minimum Age Convention of 1973 was not ratified in the Philippines until
1998.

During the Martial Law, a handful of Presidential Decrees (P.D.’s) were

enforced concerning child labor laws in the Philippines. One of which is P.D. no.
148 which amended R.A. 679, the Woman and Child Labor Law. The new decree
simplified the complex provisions of R.A. 679 regarding confusing age limits
imposed by this law under different types of undertakings allowing "any person
between 14 and 18 years of age may be employed in any non-hazardous
undertaking." It is important to note that P.D. no 148 was in direct disagreement
with ILO Convention No. 59. The new law didn’t last that long since only a year
after, P.D. no 148 was amended by the passage of P.D. no 442, otherwise
known as the Labor Code. The new law raised the minimum age of employment
from 14 to 15 years old, and has maintained the previous minimum age for
hazardous undertakings at 18 years old. The Labor Code failed, however, to
include the terms and conditions of employment of children previously provided
by R.A. 679, as amended by P.D. no. 148 creating a huge gap in the new law.
This was eventually addressed through P.D. 603 or the Child and Youth Welfare
Code, a codification of different provisions for the well-being of all children

5
Statement of the problem
Child labor is one of the violations in human rights, which we should be
aware of. To make everything clear, the following question serves as a guide to
think about the way to prevent the child labor to happen. We would like to
answer the following questions:

1. Does the employment of children ages below eighteen leads to physical

and mental harm?
2. Does children who are involved in child labor interested about studying
after earning money from their work?
3. How can the parents allow their children to be employed at a young age?

Significance of the Study

To students, they should be aware about the prohibition of child labor and
their exceptions. It is important for them to know their own rights.

To parents, also to be aware about be rights of children to education. It is

very important that they know the said child’s rights. To teach them that child
labor is no option because it is against the law.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is for those students who are studying at San Jose Pili National
High School (SJPNHS) at age below 18. This study tells the percentage of
students in SJPNHS which are involved in child labor. With the use of survey
questioners the number of respondents, not involve or involve in child labor will
be counted in a form of a percentage. The survey questionnairesare randomly
distributed to students in the four-year level of junior high school. 80
respondents will be given a questionnaire and equally distributed to both sexes,
male and female. The senior high school student will no longer be considered in
this study.

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 CHAPTER 2

Definition of Terms

Republic Act No. 7610- known as the Special Protection of Children against
Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act, gives the followings definitions
pertinent to understanding the Child Labor situation in the Philippines:

Children - refers to persons below eighteen (18) years of age or those over but
are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse,
neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental
disability/condition.

Child Labor - refers to the illegal employment of children below the age of fifteen
(15), where they are not directly under the sole responsibility of their parents or
legal guardian, or the latter employs other workers apart from their children,
who are not members of their families, or their work endangers their life, safety,
health and morals or impairs their normal development including schooling. This
also extends to the situation of children below the age of eighteen (18) who are
employed in hazardous occupations. The joint project of the Philippine National
Statistics Office and International Labor Organization made distinctions on the
kinds of work that children subjected to
Hazardous Work.

Chemical - work involves exposure to: Dust (e.g. silica, dust, standing dust),
Liquid (e.g. oil, gasoline, mercury), Mist, fumes, or vapors (e.g. paint,
insecticides or pesticide spraying), Gas (e.g. oxygen, ammonia), etc.
Physical - work involves exposure to: Noise, Temperature or humidity, Pressure,
Inadequate illumination or lighting, Slip, trip, or fall hazards, Insufficient exit for
prompt escape, congested lay-out Radiation, ultraviolet, or microwave, etc.

7
Biological - work involves exposure to: Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic (e.g.
drinking water affected with amoeba), etc.

Permissible Work-Children are allowed to undertake work under certain

condition. A child below 15 years old can be permitted to work if he/she is under
supervision by family senior/ parents provided that the child works directly under
the sole responsibility of his/her parents or legal guardian and where only
members of his/her family are employed.The child’s employment does not
endanger his/her life, safety, health, and morals, or impairs his/her normal
development.The parent or legal guardian shall provide the said child with the
prescribed primary and/or secondary education.

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 Chapter 3

Data Gathered/Methodology

CAUSES OF CHILD LABOR

The major reasons: poverty and overpopulation. These two go hand in hand.
Poor families tend to have more children, and when earnings of a sole person do
not suffice, young children are forced to take up jobs wherever they can. Having
too many members puts a financial burden on poverty-stricken families, and
parents are compelled to send their children to work to get extra income.

Lack of education among the poorer sections of society is also a leading

cause for children to start working early. Ignorant and illiterate people do not
think twice about engaging their children in manual labor, since they are not
aware of the harmful physical and mental trauma it can inflict on the child. Being
poor, they cannot afford a decent education for the children, nor do they
understand the importance of primary education in children's lives.

In many developing nations, textile and garment manufacturers use

children to make garments. Factory owners cut back production costs by
employing children rather than adults, who are in turn paid a lot less and forced
to work a lot more. Also, there is no risk of these young laborers coming up
against the factory owners by forming unions because they are unaware of their
rights, and hence this practice flourishes on a large-scale.

Even though countries have laws in place, these are not being
implemented, leading to further exploitation of innocent children. Apathy by
the government and the society has seen an increase in child workers in
developing and under-developed countries.

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 In some countries, women are denied formal education and are
brought up only to perform household chores since a very young age. Such a
society believes that an educated woman will not fit into the traditional role of a
home maker and bear children. This notion fuels child labor and young girls thus
get pushed into doing manual house work from an early age.

Families migrating from rural to urban areas in search of better

prospects often end up pushing their children to take up odd, menial jobs. This
happens due to lack of proper educational resources in the rural areas, as a
result of which these people do not find jobs in cities. Therefore, to make ends
meet, children bear the brunt while the adults are left unemployed.

In villages, people under heavy debt "sell off" their children for a small
amount of money or to repay the outstanding amount. This has given rise to the
practice of bonded child labor. As a result, children are thrust into doing very
hard work for long durations of time that could well extend into their adulthood,
until their family is free from the debt.
Reference:https://laborcenter.uiowa.edu/special-projects/child-labor-public-
education-project/about-child-labor/causes-child-labor

EFFECTS OF CHILD LABOR

Children who work often face serious health problems because of working
incessantly in perilous conditions. Often the employers do not care at all about
underage children who are usually malnourished, and continue to work for long
hours with little or no respite.
Their mental health also takes a beating owing to this severe form of
exploitation. These children often face severe mental trauma when they attain

10
adulthood, owing to the constant threats and ill-treatment they received toiling
away as laborers.
Children, who cannot find work to feed large families resort to begging on
the streets, and in many cases, also fall prey to prostitution. At other times, they
even turn into thieves just to make a quick buck on which the family's survival
depends.
It also has a negative impact on the welfare of a nation. Since these
children do not receive any education, it increases illiteracy, hampering the
overall economic growth of the country, reflecting poor human development.
Lack of education as children also means that when they turn into adults,
finding jobs become tough since these children do not possess the necessary
skills and training. This leads to a sharp hike in unemployment.
Such children are always underpaid, and that lowers the country's per
capita income, putting long-term economic development in peril.

Educational
Based on the result of the 2013 Functional Literacy, Education and Mass
media survey facilitated by the National Statistic Office, 10.6% of ages 6–24 of
the country’s population are out of school. One of the top reasons is poverty.
Insufficient income to sustain schooling constitutes 19.2% of the out of school
youth. Another alarming sign is that lack of interest, which constitutes to 19.1%.
Lastly, 5.5% of both male and female youths are out of school because they are
either employed or looking for work. These factors affect the kids as they try to
help their families earn more that resulted to the negligence of their education.

A study indicated that school attendance among child workers tends to be

sacrificed. Although schooling can be combined with work in many instances,
various factors like poverty and the conditions of work may prevent working
children from either attending school or benefiting to any significant degree from
doing so. Children laboring under hazardous conditions are also at great risk of

11
being injured or contracting various diseases. Psychological and emotional
problems have also been noted among children working under extreme
conditions. These effects have implications on the future productive capacity and
earning potential of working children. The failure to invest in human capital
now means that the working children of today will be the impoverished parents
of tomorrow, bearing children who like them will also be pushed prematurely into
the labor market to make ends meet. Child labor, especially the worst forms,
tends to reproduce the very same conditions that brought it about.

The relationship between child work, bad performance at school, and eventual
non-attendance can take various routes as illustrated in many documented
cases. In general, time divided between work and studying does not permit a
child to focus on the latter, causing him to fall behind with his lessons and to get
low grades. Conditions of work are, therefore, critical as they can affect a child’s
readiness to tackle schoolwork.

Health and Abuse

Numerous problems were highlight in a research by Anna Leah Colina for

a non-government Ecumenical Institute for Labor Education and Research
(EILER).

″Poverty and lack of family income are the main reasons why children
leave school and work," said Anna Leah Colina, executive director of the non-
government Ecumenical Institute for Labor Education and Research. With
funding from the European Union, EILER conducted a six-month study on child
labor in mines and plantations in the southern Philippines from April to October
2014. Results of the study were released on Wednesday in Manila. Colina said
that two out of 10 households surveyed in six communities have incidents of
child labor — primarily due to low family income, lack of access to land and
inaccessible schools. Colina also found out that children were forced to work on
16-hour shifts. She then cited a case of a child named Julius (not his real name)

12
to show the extreme and hazardous conditions on which this kid is working with.
“The 15-year-old boy is one of many children in the village of Diwata in
Compostela Valley province who work alongside adults in the tunnels of a gold
mine. From early morning until sundown, Julius is inside the tunnel with a
sledgehammer, a shovel and a pickaxe with only a plastic helmet, a pair of boots
and gloves for protection.”

Continuous exposure to various hazards in their work environments,

especially chemical and biological ones that are invisible, places children’s health
and lives at great risk. While adults working under the same conditions face
similar risks, an argument for minimum health and safety regulations would pose
that children are especially vulnerable to work-related illnesses. Their yet
undeveloped biological processes make their bodies less resistant to the
chemicals and other toxic substances they are regularly exposed to. The lack of
proper nutrition, so characteristic among the poor, moreover increases the
vulnerability of working children to both the short, and long-term debilitating
effects of work, which can cut short economically productive life.

Reference: https://www.who.int/ceh/risks/labour/en/

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GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

In order to progressively eliminate the proliferation of child labor cases in

the Philippines, the following agencies, DOLE, DSWD, and CWC jointly
collaborate on the programs and actions that assure the prevention of more child
labor cases and the protection of the children in the society.

Primary Agency
Department of Labor and Employment
The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) is the national
government agency responsible for formulating policies, the implementation of
programs, and they serve as the policy-coordinating program arm of the
Executive Branch in the labor and employment field. They are leading the
networks in the progressive eradication of child labor through protecting,
preventing, and removing the children out of the hazardous and exploitative
works, which also includes curing and redeeming them back into society
Secondary Agencies
Department of Social Welfare and Development
The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is the
government agency who provides direction to the intermediaries and
implementers concerned with the delivery and development of social welfare and
development services. They also develop and enrich existing programs and
services for specific groups, which include the children and youth. They hold
Child Protection Services in which they reach out on the children for them to
recover from the experience of labor and be reintegrated back to their families.
They also have Therapeutic Services for the Abused Children for the children to
overcome the negative effects of abuse and for them to be able to live a normal
and productive life by maximizing every potential a child has.
Child Labor’s Evidence

14
 For example, in the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed
in glass making industries. Glass making was a dangerous and tough job
especially without the current technologies. The process of making glass includes
intense heat to melt glass (3133 °F). When the boys are at work, they are
exposed to this heat. This could cause eye trouble, lung ailments, heat
exhaustion, cut, and burns. Since workers were paid by the piece, they had to
work productively for hours without a break. Since furnaces had to be constantly
burning, there were night shifts from 5:00 pm to 3:00 am. Many factory owners
preferred boys under 16 years of age.
An estimated 1.7 million children under the age of fifteen were employed
in American industry by 1900.
In 1910, over 2 million children in the same age group were employed in
the United States. This included children who rolled cigarettes, engaged in
factory work, worked as bobbin doffers in textile mills, worked in coalmines and
were employed in canneries. Lewis Hine's photographs of child laborers in the
1910s powerfully evoked the plight of working children in the American south.

Child Labor in the Philippines is the employment of children in hazardous

occupations below the age of eighteen (18), or without the proper conditions
and requirements below the age of fifteen (15), where children are compelled to
work on a regular basis to earn a living for themselves and their families, and as
a result are disadvantaged educationally and socially.
The National Statistics Office (NSO) has said there are currently around 5.5
million child laborers aged 5–17 in the country, around 2.1 million of whom are
exposed to environments that are considered hazardous. The International Labor
Organization estimates that 55.3% of these children undertake hazardous work
in an agricultural setting.
Reference:http://www.bwsc.dole.gov.ph/32-programs-projects/child-labor-
prevention-and-elimination.html

15
 Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and interpretation of data

Presentation of data
In this part, the data are gathered on the table below. Their year level,
age, gender and the total respondent are detailed.

Table 1: Profile of the respondents in all grade level of Junior High

Age of the respondents
Year Gender 12 13 14 15 16 17
level years years years years years years TOTAL
old old old old old old
Grade 7 Male 9 1 0 0 0 0 10
Female 5 2 3 0 0 0 10
Grade 8 Male 0 5 5 0 0 0 10
Female 0 5 4 1 0 0 10
Grade 9 Male 0 0 4 6 0 0 10
Female 0 0 2 5 3 0 10
Grade Male 0 0 1 2 7 0 10
10 Female 0 0 0 4 3 3 10
14 13 19 18 13 3 80

This chapter will discuss the responses of the Junior High School students
of San Jose Pili National High School based from the questionnaires given. Over
80 respondents, male and female, the chart presented in percentage.

16
Chart 1: Number of respondent who answer YES and NO in a
percentage.

Have you been involved in child labor?

80
72.5
70

60
52.5
50 47.5

40

30 27.5

20

10

0
YES NO

MALE FEMALE

Table 2: Percentage of respondents who are involved and who are not.
Gender Have you been involved in child labor?
MALE YES NO TOTAL
47.5% 52.5% 100%
FEMALE 27.5% 72.5% 100%

Interpretation
Based on the chart, the percentage of male who are involved in child labor
is 47.5%. It is almost half of the male’s population. In addition, the percentage
of involved females is 27.5%. Therefore, the number of males who are involved
in child labor are greater than the number of females.

17
Chart 2: Occupations and the number of employed student.

Number of employed student and their

occupation

14

Street Vendor Farmer Begging on streets Other

Table 3: Number of employed student and their occupation.

Occupation No. of students
Street vendor 5
Farmer 14
Begging on streets 9
Others 2

Interpretation
Most of the involved student are employed as a farmer, second as the
highest is begging on streets, third is street vendor and the lowest is the “other”.

18
This chart is based in overall counting of the respondents.The counts of
respondents involved in child labor are only 30 persons in 80 respondents
surveyed.

Chart 3: Students whowe’re negatively affected by child labor.

Does it affect your social life negatively?

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
YES NO

Table 4: Students affected by child labor.

Does it affect your social life negatively?
No. of students Yes No
21 59
Total 80

Interpretation
This chart tells that majority of the 80 respondent are not affected by child
laboring, especially because some are not involved in child labor. 59 respondents

19
(students) answered “no”, and only 21 respondents are affected. The percentage
of the affected students are 26.25%. It also portrait that there is always a bad
effect to students once involved in child labor.
Chart 4: Physical harm cause of child labor.

What do you think would be the physical

harm cause by child labor?
0
2 7

29
24

Always feel sick Got wounded Lack of sleep Making them tired others

Table 4: What do you think would be the physical harm cause by child labor?
Possible harm No. of students

Always feel sick 7

Got wounded 24
Lack of sleep 29
Making them tired 2
Others 0
TOTAL 62

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Interpretation
In this chart all respondents are ask for their opinion about the question. For
that, 100% of the respondents are asked and the highest number is the “lack of
sleep” choice and the lowest is the “other”. This simply tells that being involved
always end up lack of sleep.
Chart 5: Losing interest of students after receiving income from their
work.

Sales

22

58

Yes No

Table 5: Number of students who loses their interest on school after receiving
income.
Do you experience lack of interest in school after receiving money as income?
Choices No. of students
No 58
Yes 22
TOTAL: 80

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Interpretation
This chart gives us the number of students, which are not anymore interested on
studying after they have receive money from their work. The number of student
who are not interested after receiving income are 22 and it is 27.5% in
percentage. While the number of students who does not felt the same way as if
others are 58 which is 72.5 in percentage
Chart 6: Reason behind the involvement of children on child labor.

What do you think is the reason behind the

involvement of children on child labor?

16
35

16
7

Financial problem Forced by parents

Personal wants Family business
Having many members in a family

Table 6: Majority reasons of the respondents.

What do you think is the reason behind the involvement of children on child
labor?
Reasons No. of students
Financial problems 35
Personal wants 16
Having many members in the family 6
Forced by parents 7
Family business 16

22
Interpretation
This chart tells what is the majority reason of the children to be involved in
child labor. Based on what was gathered the highestchosen reason is the
financial problem and its number is 35 students. It is 43.75 in percentage. While
the lowest choice is the reasons forced by parents or relative and having many
members in a family.

23
SAMPLE QUESTIONER

Research Title: Child Labor: A Basic Human Rights Violation

I. Personal Information of the Respondent.
Name: _____________________________________ Sex: __________
Grade: _________________________________________ Age:
______
II. Survey questionnaire: Please put a check on your answer. Reminder:
Choose the best answer. For short, choose only one.
1. Have you been involved in child labor?
Yes No
2. If yes, what kind of job do you have?
Street vendor
Farming
Begging on streets
Others please, specify_____________________
3. Does it affect your social life negatively?
Yes No
4. What do you think would be the physical harm cause by child
labor?
I always feel sick
I was wounded because of my work
Lack of sleep
It makes me tired causing me not to go to school
Others please, specify_____________________
5. Do you experience lack of interest in school after receiving money
as income?
Yes No

24
 6. What do you think is the reason behind the involvement of children
on child labor?
Financial problem
Forced by parent/s or family relative/s
Personal wants
Family business
Having lots of siblings or having many members in a family

Researcher: Arce, Stanley Guiller M. ______________________________

Signature of the respondents

25
 CHAPTER 5

Summary of the Findings

This study was undertaken to determine the appropriate recommendation
to the problem they always face as a child labor. To be able to gather data the
researcher uses internet and survey questioners with his own expenses to
identify the possible effect and their reasons why.

All are based on the survey and charts presented on the previous chapters
come up with the result that only 36.25% are involved in child labor and the rest
36.75% are those who are not. Almost of the involved work as farmers. In
addition, asking all the surveyed students about “Does it affect your social life
negatively”, the majority is no, maybe they are not aware of that thing. Only few
answers yes. With the question about what is the physical harm of child
laborsthe highest one is Lack of sleep and it is because they use a lot of time
doing their work.

After all the harm for them of child labor and after receiving money as
their income they do not lose their interest on studying. Almost the half on 100%
are occupied by the answer “Financial problem”.

Conclusion
With all the gathered information on the previous chapter, create a
thought that most of the involved children are males and only few for
female.Tells that child labor is the employment of a child into any work that
deprive their childhood, like farming. In addition, it does not affect them in terms
of social life and losing interest in school. The majority reason of them is the
financial needs and it affect them in terms of physical health. They always feel
sleepy. Still child labor is prohibited despite of low result of its affect in social life.

26
Recommendation
Based on the result, the researcher suggests the following:
To Students:
Ask permission to parents.
Don’t ask for expensive things.
Think first if the work is not harmful (if you’re going to apply).
Actively participate in class despite your work.
To Parents:
As possible as you could, as a parent, try not to let your child be involved
in child labor.
If already involve, give the said child the requirements needed.

27
Bibliography
Fassa, A.G., et. al. "Child labor and health, problems and perspectives" in
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health,Vol 6, No 1, Jan-
Mar 2000, Philadelphia.

ILO Convention and Recommendation Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate

Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/comp/child/standards/ilo_conv/

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