RARAPar | Advanced Writing with English in Use CAE — Hugh Cory © ON Z é “ DY Be SS OXFORD s ee Wy 3cAdvanced Writing with English in Use —_—_ ag} Hugh Cory NEW EDITION UNIVERSITY PRESSOXFORD Great Carendon Sect, Oxfontox2 Gor Osford University Press sa department ofthe University of Oxford. Icfurbersthe Universi ject ofexcelece in research, scholarship, and edocatin by puhlshing worldwide in oxtord Now Yorke ‘Auckland Cape Town Dar esSalsam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala impur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Naira ‘New Delo Shanghai Tape! 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Dane p38 Asertions ty ‘Asa Hooks pay ad Core Rao 92, Rll Gower p98, 132.133, Pest po, Ralph Stesdnan po. har Neng, 1319. 22.26.27, 41, 108 110 ‘The Publisher and author would abe like to thank all those who particputd in the research and development ofthe book, in panicular the following Yor hei valuable advice, {arotine Coste, Sara Evang Ingena Copacabana, Diane Feming. Rosle Kerr, Ann Whe, Simon Willa, ‘The author would especially lke to thank the following fr thee help and support my colleagues at Earocentre Cambridge, totaly Rhiannon (Willams and Claire Anderson who plored materi may sient a [Eurocentre who were the motiation fo this book and the sce of ‘many ofthe ideas the safF of Newnham Language Cente. Caminndge. apd the Carbide Academy, Girton, fo ther help in plato material; feta Gray, Ante Capel Flic O'Dell and It at no ea, Raffel BonacnaInrropuctrion Aims of the book This book has two objectives: 1 to prepare you for the CAE exam Paper 2 (Writing) ‘and Paper 3 (English in Use). 2 to develop your practical writing skils to an advanced level. ‘There is no conflict between these two objectives, because CAE writing tasks are as close to real-life situations as possible, and the examiners use real-ife criteria in assessing candidates’ work. If a piece of writing would ‘do the job’ effectively in real lie, it should also satisty the examiners. Why combine Papers 2 and 37 For those unfamiliar with the CAE exam, it may seem. surprising that this book combines Paper 3 (the ‘grammar’ paper) as well as Paper 2 (the ‘writing’ paper) In fact, this combination is inevitable, given the many ‘areas the two papers have in common. A characteristic of the CAE exam is that grammar is tested in context, Paper 3 tests the ability to use grammar in order to communicate, and focuses on many of the key areas of written communication ~ including register, cohesion, and even punctuation. The Paper 3 exercises: ‘provide exam practice for Paper 3. * are integrated with the Paper 2 work, as controlled Practice in wating skits. * are models (well written, well organized, and usually ‘about 250 words long), which may be referred to when. doing the writing tasks that follow them, ‘+ demonstrate different registers and explore different aspects of the theme of the Unit + are usually based on authentic texts. How the book is organized Part 1: the frst part of the book contains an introduction to CAE Papers 2 and 3, followed by preliminary work on, three key areas of writing skils at this level: style and register, cohesion, and punctuation. It is intended that this part of the book should be used for preparatory work, remedial work, and reference. Part 2: Units 1-5 divide writing into types (descriptions, instructions, narrative and argument), to develop the skils specific to each type. At the same time, each Unit looks at a variety of registers, to focus on the importance Of the context and the purpose of a piece of writing. Parl 3: Units 6-10 cover all the writing task types in the CAE Paper 2 sylabus. Task bank: a further selection of writing tasks, indexed to the appropriate units. Key: answers to all exercises and Paper 3 questions. Model answers to Paper 2 Part 1 tasks. Working through the book {tis suggested that you work through Units 1-5 before going on to Units 6-10, as each writing task in Units 6-10 practises skils that have been developed in one or More of the first five units. Nevertheless, as there is no progression through the book in terms of dificully, and ‘8s Units 1-6 also contain writing tasks in the style of the: ‘exam, the Units may be taken in any order. Classroom work and self study This book can be used in class, tor self study, or for a combination of the two. in class Each Unit is divided into modules which can be taught in class in about 90 minutes (plus homework). Explanations, presentations and activities are followed by Paper 3 exercises and either mini writing tasks or full- scale Paper 2 tasks. Suggestions for pairwork are ‘sometimes included when an exercise would be more enjoyably done with a partner; many other exercises can also be done in pairs and groups, For sett-study Many features of the book make it especially useful for self study: * the introductory units, with their thorough treatment of register, style, cohesion and punctuation. ‘the use of Paper 3 writing tasks as controlled writing practice, easily corrected with the key when working without a teacher. * the inclusion of model texts in the form of Paper 3 tasks, and the inclusion of model answers in the key. * the fact that itis self-contained: it is the student's book. the teacher's book and the key all in one. Non-exam use Because of the ‘real-life’ nature of the CAE writing syllabus and assessment criteria, this book can be used just as successfully as a general writing course at ‘advanced level focusing on practical writing tasks.Contents Part 1 Writing sub-skills Pavers 2 AND 3 STYLE AND REGISTER Conesion linking words. reference Puncruation {ull stops, sentences, paragraphs commas semicolons colons dashes hyphens, Part 2 Types of writing Unit 1 Description ‘making descriptions interesting describing pictures and objects deseribing products Unit 2 Action instructions and directions advice processes and systems UniT 3 NARRATIVE narratives and connecting words biographical narratives newspaper stories UniT 4 GIVING YOUR OPINION argument reviews, Personal advice Unit 5 PEOPLE AND PLACES describing people describing places ° 8 SBRSsyB Bss 38 41 44 48 49 51 ANB BRxse 79 Part3 Task types Unit 6 FORMAL LETTERS letters of complaint: tact applying for jobs, courses and scholarships ‘other formal letters Unit 7 _InrormaL LETTERS technical matters diplomacy and tact Unit 8 REPORTS information reports: people recommendation reports eye-witness and narrative reports UNIT 9 ARTICLES AND REVIEWS openings and closings reviews, Unit 10 PuBLic INFORMATION leaflets, brochures and information sheets tourism Task BANK Key ar er 102 102 109 n2 12 117 119 122 122 128 192 192 135 140 M47Papers 2 AND 3 Format The writing paper is a two-hour paper in two parts, Part 1 and Part 2. In each part, you are given a writing task of about 250 words, which can be of the following types. and reviews for a newspaper ar m tion sheets, notices, announce False 2, 3, Salo 1.2.5) 2 (also 6. 7) Reports Instructions and directions Part (eg. page 64-65) In Part 1, you have no choice of task. There is just one question that all candidates must answer. 2 In Part 1, you nod to read a lot before you can plan your writing, The instructions for the task include information in the form of a number of texts from different sources, such as an advertisement or an extract from a leer. In ‘order to complete the writing task in a satisfactory way, you must ‘process’ this information by selecting from it, summarizing it, or adapting it to suit the reader(s) you are writing for. 3 In Part 1, you are sometimes asked to produce more than one piece of ‘writing, for example a report (200 words) which you must send to a friend ‘accompanied by a note (50 words); the total numiber of words is sill 250 ‘words in al, This kind of question enables the examiners to see the diference between, for example, your formal and your informal writing. Part 2 (e.g. page 53) offers a choice of four diferent tasks from which you must choose one. AS in Part 1, the instructions for the task give a clear idea of who you are writing for, and why. Timing Because of the amount of reading in Part 1. and the time needed to process the information, you will probably need to spend longer on this section than on Part 2, even though the two tasks are worth an equal number of marks. Marking criteria — what the examiners are looking for CAE Paper 2 uses a marking system in which: every piece of writing is marked by at least two examiners, a piece of writing does not have to be perfect in order to obtain full marks. ‘The examiners are not only interested in how many mistakes you make, In fact, they give credit for successful task achievement and for accuracy and range. The seven criteria by which writing is assessed in Paper 2. described in the following exercise, al relate to one or both of these perspectives. A guide to how the examiners allocate marks is given in the mark scheme alter the exercise.Paper 2 Understanding the criteria The following criteria are used in the assessment of writing in Paper 2. range accuracy cohe! target reader ‘content register organization Which of the criteria match each of the explanations below? Write them in the ‘spaces provided. (The examiners reduce this list to six by combining 4 and 5.) 4 Have you written in the appropriate style ~ should this task he written in a cold, precise style, or shond your writing be entertainin + Docs your writing have the right degree of forn or informality + Are you tuo personal, oF not pe onl enough? points race? + Isyour wit convincing, as appropriate? Have you included else that is appropriate, e.g. a friendly sceting in a personal letter? = You can the wr interfer a number of mistakes and still pass ing paper, provided that your errors do not swith communication, + ave yon clearly indicated the connections + between your ideas? + between your sentences? + between your paragraph: * Do you tse linking words and phrases as appropriate? Would your writing be snecessfil and effective in a Are the following all appropri the 18 of your piece of writing the ending. the kayont (e.g leter, note, Feallet) the order and! use of paragraphs the use of titles, subtitles, headings reablife station? Would the compa receiving this leter of Would the magazine editor publish this article, and would anyone read it? Do yon have enough mastery of both vocabu nar to accomplish the task? Or is yuu too elementary. and your choice of nar and sentence stracthre too simple wil limited? D> D> Use ins ist of questions when checking your writing! sack haversack, backpack, I'm having problems with one of your Descrirrion ‘A Making descriptions interesting page 39 B Describing pictures and objects page 41 © Desoribing products page 44 Warm up: register exercise ‘The way you describe and write aboul an objact depends on who you are writing for and why. 1. Where were these descriptions laken trom, and why were they written? 2 What helped you to decide? i other E_ all three having a capacity of over 75 Titres and describing themselves as two using proprietary nylon fabrics, ‘ergonomic’. Both the Tramante and Although possibly more agreeable against the back on a hot day, the cotton adds to the weight of the hag; ‘our tests also found this fabric to hhave 30% less resistance to abrasion than the nylon fabrics the Cougar have adjustable back systems, whereas the Rockman ‘comes in a choice of three back Tengths. The Rockman is also the only one to be made of cotton (with The Sisyphus Rockman is the classic hardwearing ergonomic rucksack. Crafted out of 100% colour-fast rucksacks, a Rockman, which I bought at the Wild Rover camping shop, Bradford, in March 2000. I am writing to you directly, confident that you will be able to repair the damage under the terms of your ‘Lifetime Guarantee’, There are two problems: firstly, one of the aluminium tubes has broken through the fabric at the base of the bag, and the other is threatening to do the same. Secondly, stitching of che zip of the lid pocket has failed, rendering the pocket useless the Bisa 12yearodtaded-bive 20-te “Sisyphus rucksack tnade of hek cation. The only extemal pocket, ontop of the Dap is ipped and on ofthe two aluminium tubes that make up the intemal ame has broken trough the amvas at he bottom. The arm straps andthe two small hapa wth Duckies on elher eke are god-coloured; there fe no waist sop. Ther Is an embroidered badge on he ‘waterproof cotton in a choice of attractive colours around a superlightweight aluminium frame, itis a5 Ideal for walking and climbing as itis practical for tourism. With its capacity of 80 litres, the Rockman will ‘always be able to cope, whether you're in Harrods or the Himalayas, And among the many original design. features, the locking lid pocket and the adjustable, detachable waist belt are unique to the Rockman, The Sisyphus Rockman: a head and shoulders above the rest. [2 Anexperienced travelling companion for only £15. Sisyphus Rockman rucksack, tried, tested and well-travelled. Gooul work- ing order. Blue ightweight, huge capacity. Phone Eric, 773524. The walker's rucksack, a bold, angular mass of vivid reds ‘and greens painted in short, fine strokes, dominates the ower left-hand quarter of the canvas, while the walker’s top pocket, a souvenir ot the Lake District. 38 + Types of writing ppale, naked right arm, a strikingly human element, stretches diagonally upwards to the right.Making descr 1A_Making descriptions interesting Descriptive detail Wyou're describing a piece of lost property, you don't need to worry about ‘whether the reader will ind your writing interesting, But if you're describing something when writing a magazine article or a story, the most important thing is {o catch and hold the reader's interest, Here is a checklist of ways to do this. interesting * Module 1A BORING INTERESTING Generalizing Being specific a large vegetable a three-qmarter-panmul swert potate an old ship the Marie Celeste / the Titanic opinions, facts, ohservutions, quotatc Dexeriptive details along-stemmed glass of wromatic, golden Museatel Repetition Variation CaF... car... ear... car... Fond... vel care. aswell... aswell. aswell. aswell... also... What is more. Being predictable Surprising the reader “There are five reasons why Like img with something striking” stating the obvions; ‘received opinions nal thinking and observation “The fifth reason Llike itis.” saving some Ahcays talking about yourself “Aheays thinking about your readers, and how to interest them * the openings ale ean practised on pages 21-127, The five senses In order to include specific, concrete details in your description, you must first ‘observe in detail. Don’t forget there are five senses; you don't have to Kimi ‘yourseif to visual description. If, lor example, you wanted to describe sculptures in an African vilage, would you have thought of observing them in the dark, by touch and smell? ancling in the darkness, breathing in the smell of woodsmoke and mealie porridge nd carth and unfamiliar vegetation, my hands roved aver bulges and incized ets, ing-out shapes like teanks or horns or beak it he ayes; smooth, poi lips Lelly-huttons and other shapes { conldn’t interpret. Some were st ed the flow of my fingers the polished ones were sensuous them freely ‘Write just four or five lines describing one of your favourite possessions using at least three of the senses, s ky with oil which nd let me feel Types of writing + 39Unit 1 + Description 40 + Types of writing poets and adverbs: too much of a good thing? e example of the glass of wine in 1.0, you can ‘paint a picture’ et ‘one or more adjectives to 3 noun. cee ea Similarly, you can describe a verb by adding He drank the 1 ne delicately / yreviily / with aba careless manne Jvith abandon 1 a careless mé However, writing becomes tiresome and predictable unless there is a variety of structures, and often a oe more concrete image can be achieved with a precise Ia a talish man of powerful, athlette aa of powerful. athletic build, 1b a Mel Gibson look-alike 24 She entered say room intrasi eee iar cea ively andl ageressicely. Both i of the examples are comparisons. In 1b, the man is compared to Mel Gibson; in 20, her entry i parisons 20, her entry is compared i i Peete iocines bf tasecd aa S He sipped the wine tke a debutante, She gulped the wine a if she w ie gee eee, a eae ith short lark hie aud green Writing practice This. tic it short ae written for a magazine series in which readers a ae ea Sc eaeren t seer published, because il is not at ses a lot of questions Jour uniforins? what night does the pianist play?) aco Ser eiraute io keeping the same structure, but informing the reader and making the restaurant er at The Bazaar Restaurant When you go in, you are taken t0 the bar area where Ov of the waiters or waitresses will look after you. They are very mice and wear interesting uniforms of an unusual colour. They tke your order from the Tong menu which has exciting dishes (rom diferett ‘countries, Thee i aso a blackboard on the Wall with some oer things hat terion the menu. They do a very goot dish with fish, which E would recommend, and some of the salads are excellent. Before long, you ae taken to your table in the well-decorated dining room. ‘This room is quite bigs the tables are round, and the cane are made of wood. You can hear soft music, which adds to the mosphere, and once 2 week they have someone playing piano. wet the end of the meal, many people like to drink coffe, ele in the lounge bar, where there are lots of plants and other ex decorations. ‘When the bill comes you'll find it isn't very expensive for such, good food, and f'm sure you'll want to g0 agsinDescribing pictures and objects * Module 1B ER cer The order of adjectives When an generally 1 Numbe a fone /a dozen 1365 her my teacher's 00 nuany 1 determiner Cleujiatra’s/ Genghis Khan's /inummerabe Savenrite Ladorable [stylish / priceless feharming / romantic / usefilfeonfartable sophisticated decautent f scandalous / dangerous /old-fashions cheap /nasty fugly /useless disgusting / boring, short /lttle J mleroscople / gigantic dwarf her of adjectives (and other qualifiers) go before a noun, they are the following order, 4 Age antique I brand-neve ften-yearcold I second-hand 5 Shape ‘ovat square / round /spiral J streamlined [baggy / pointed Ltapered f heart-shaped 1 pear-shaped Jet black Hartan feanary yellene I shocking pink Cherokee [Chinese / Alpine Renaissance 1 Roman / Aboriginal $ Material gold /leuther Feopper/ diamond f wooden / marble I lass 9 Compornd — ear/key /icedding felectric summer Hiner /diseo smoking/dining/ religious / motor Hy {bird / tree / ja 10 Noun rlug/ trumpet Hjacket Ishoes [shirt /skirt table painting /ear/ bout bath / house /teddy bear record {hat I room ‘A The ‘compound’ describes the noun’s use. type or purpose. This word is often itsef a noun; it joins with the noun to form a compound noun (earring, key- ring, wedding ring). The compound noun may be hyphenated or written as one ‘or two words: check in a dictionary. How many other compound nouns can you make from the compound and noun lists (9 and 10) above? B It is possible to use more than three or four adjectives to describe something, but il sounds a bit unnatural if you have as many as nine adjectives in front of a noun, My teacher's charming. little antiqne tapered black Chinese wooden ear trumpet. ‘Choose five of the nouns above, and describe them using five adjectives (or ‘other qualifiers) lor each. You may use the adjectives in the ists, or any others. nples stylish short talian leather skirt a cheap second-hand shocking pink disco shirt some ugly antique diamond wedding. rings CC The three strange items illustrated to the left were invented from words in the table. Describe them. Be creative! D Wiiting practice You have just anived by plane in an English-speaking country and the airline ‘seems to have lost your luggage. Write a brief but detailed descrintion of the luggage (either one or two items}. Do not mention or describe the contents. Write about 100 words. Task bank: Task 1 Types of wring © 41Unit 1 + Description 14 Au Bon Coin {mn most lines of this description of a famous French photograph, there is one unnecessary word - its either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Write the unnecessary word in the margin. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick (/). The exercise begins with two ‘examples (0). See page 10 for information and advice about this exam task type. ‘street seenes i taken alter the War shows like the point ofa ZL 1 arround by 2 the pa there isacanaltothe = 3 one side, and 4 ct tis ina 5 ayone who can it 6 for the War’ The a of 8 also cheerful pointin 9 the picture. In the [ront room of the narrow house at the 10 comerof the twosteevtshas.a faded sign.Av Bou Coin’, a" 11 and the both ssf the café ane gl a ite. Yan know that sui as you open those rickety doors 13 you vill afterbe assailed hy the noise of aught, snl by AA. Tie cigarette stuoke nd the sill of fresh coffee and a read and cheese and wine and the pla dour. pe = mel ade of cobble snes ‘lat dour =the coed seo tense Ht dase How many of the five senses does the writer refer to in his description of Doisneau's photo? 1.2 Describing a photograph Work with a partner and choose one of these photos each. Don't describe what ‘you can see, but tell your pariner something about what the photo shows, or how it makes you feel. 42 + Types of writingDescribing pictures and objects + Module 1B Now read these two descriptions of the photos. The fist is someone talking about the family photo, and is written in an informal style. The photograph is. being exhibited in an art gallery. and the description is taken from the exhibition catalogue. The phrases printed in italics are some that you might find useful in your own writing, Note also the tenses of the verbs. + “The present continuons is used to deseribe wh (I'm having a donkey ride: she’s wearing). + The present perfect can he used (o describe what has just happened (the coat she has just been given) Fill the gaps in the two descriptions. All the missing words are adjectives. Use your imagination! This is a “creative writing’ exercise, nol a grammar test. Take tisks with vocabulary! is happening in a pictare Skegness Donkey Ride Over my right shoulder, also ona donkey. you can see my cousin David. just one year older than me. and Auntie Jessie, Sylvia’s mother. Auntie Jessie seems 0 he pulling at a donkey’s ears, in the same 6) way she would always be pulling at my clothes or straightening my hair. And if you look very closely, you can just make out the edge of a hat My favourite family photo is this one, taken when T ‘wlittle girl back in the °30s, I'm having a donkey ride on the beach at Skegness, That’s my ‘cousin Sylvia on the left of the photo, holding the reins, We have always got on very well together, even though she five years older than me. And she directly behind my head. That's Uncle Hurry, | don’t has never lost that (1) gap-toothed grin know what he’s doing there — probably just waiting, In the photo, she's wearing 3 ( woollen for the pubs to open! coat she has just been given, f remember how proud If you asked me why [ like this photo so much, 1 she was of it, with its (3), collar and cuts. ‘couldn't reully say. More than anything else, 1 think Here. the coat is almost brand new; two years later the picture sums up what a (6), adventurous she was still wearing it, though the sleeves stopped and (7), summer I had that year. That week Just below her elhows and the black had faded to with Auntie Jessic was the first I had spent away something like the calour of that donkey. She was from my parents, but | was never (8) en eory fond fue ac enc cae rad wilt never homesick, Look at my sie and eomboy oe eae Deo confidence on that donkey! John Wayne, eat your hha, but she seemed to wea it almost all year round — heart out! she said it was good at keeping the rain off : 10 buildings someone is sitting. The Sho Paolo, 1960 ust have been placed high in At first we are struck by an atmosphere of one of the very buildings that appear to be stress and oppression. The photographer so ompty of ile and hunny, gives us a glimpse of the tension between The contrast henween the (13) the individual and the faceless city, sunshine and the surrounding greys represented as much by the uniform business makes the picture work. The four suits as by the impersonal buildings. For a husinessinen,peshaps taking short be moment we believe that these four men are __from their work, are walking out ofthe the only people to be seen. But (9) picture with the afternoon sun on their figures Can be discerned inthe street below, backs, and we ourselves are led into the {And we know that every car has a driv 12), distance along a line of 8 and that behind every window in those light. Types of writing + 43Unit 1 + Description Writing practice Whichever of these tasks you choose to do, share your writing with other sludents. Perhaps you could put your writing, with the picture, on the classroom wall or in a class magazine. ‘A Find, in a magazine, on a postcard or in a book, a photograph you like very much. Describe it, and say why you like it (100-200 words). B Describe your favourite family photo, and say why you like it (100-200 words). © AGame Everyone brings a family photo to class: you swap photographs with a partner ‘and write about the photogreph as itl was your own. Invent names for the people in the photo, pretend you know them well, and tell stories about them. (In fact, the author of ‘Skegness Donkey Ride’ was playing this game!) I your partner writes about the same photograph, the rest of the class can try to guess who is teling the truth, you or your partner. Task bank: Task 2 ements) The language of advertising Steal a day's sailbourding and the 4Runner will go like the wind to the surf, And if the quick way means scaling the rocks, it will relish the climb, Are you tom between another Getaway Giese 2 With the new Toyota aRunner, you can now have tion of the former with the liberation of the kt- you'll see that the cabi iy. A button’s press opens the sunroof, adjusts the mirrors and operates the windows, Including the window on the tailgate 4 The sound system is something you've got to hear with your own ears, With six speakers surrounding you, be prepared 10 be transported even before you fire the engine, 5 The aRunner's three-litre turbo-diesel delivers more power and torque than anything else in is class. (Talking power there's also the option of a 3itre, petrol V6.) 6 For life in the fast lane, yon've got a S-speed gear- box. Yet, with the flick of lever. you can he over the hills and faraway. Even on the move, that's all it takes t0 and switch from twoavhee! drive to four. with both hi Foe rat 44.» Types of writing 2 ‘On the road, the til-adjustable power steering gains ness as the car gathers speed. Better sill, it grows lighter as those alloy wheels con- front the furrows in the landscape. (that should keep the rows off your brow.) {In the city or in the wild, the 4Runner is a very tough et to follow. And it's no different when you're towing. You can hitch up over one and a half tons and this ‘car will never make heavy weather of it, Otherwise. it's as free of hitches as every car we build, Which is why it comes with our comprehensive 3-year / 60,000 mile manufacturer's warranty. 12 Dial A Trial: to arrange a test drive or for further information on the Runner, call 0800 v4 It's the car in front for getting beyond. The new 4Runner The car in front is a ToyotaDeseribing products + Module 1¢ ‘The Toyota adver illustrates many of the stylistic devices used when something is described in an advertisement. The advanced student needs to be famitiar with these devices in order to be able to use them when appropriate, (e.g. when trying to sel, persuade, convince or impress) and to be able to avoid them when they are inappropriate. A Organization around a theme, an image or a key idea ‘This advertisement is typical in that it has a central theme, suggested in the title, ‘which is used to structure the writing, What is that theme, and what words in paragraphs 1, 2, 6, 10 and 14 contribute to it? B Playing with words: alliteration and rhyme As n'a poem, every word is carefully chosen, often for its Sound as wel as its meaning. Dial A Trial (paragraph 13) ~ shyine as slick as anything in the city (paragraph 8) ~allite together as hoth begin with sm s sound and have the same vow Find the other instance in the text where a word is chosen solely because of the letter it begins with (this time also, the letters). Playing with words: words with double meanings Just as words can be chosen for their sound, they can also be used because of their second meanings or their associations, graph 2) The word forerunner suggests that the ear is ind perhaps likely corresponds to the slogan The car in frmt is a Toyate. 1. Why's the word speliod differently here, and what is the second meaning? 2 Whal are the double meanings for the following words? getaway ear (ttle) Iifoin the fast lane (para trausparted (parageaph 4) Hitches (paragraph 12) ph 6) D Interesting or poetic vocabulary ‘Words that paint pictures and bring the description to life are used instead of dull, everyday words. Supply the everyday words for these: slip inside (paragraph 3) Jive (paragraph 4) scaling. (parageaph 7) E Idioms, quotations, references to songs, proverbs, etc. (Over the his and far away (paragraph 6) is an idiom that originated in a traditional song. Here it is chosen because I fits well with the ‘getaway’ theme at the same time as describing the advantages of four-wheel drive. 0 like the wind (paragraph 7), a tongh act to follow: (paragraph 10), make heavy teeather of it (paragraph 11), and the back of bey agraph 14) are also idiomat nd to snggest images which fit the them F Comparatives, superlatives and ‘limit’ adjectives (unique, incredible) Find the one sentence where the car is described as better than other cars, G Appealing to the emotions Many advertisements use children, animals or sexuality to appeal to the reader's emations. Another common device is to write about the thing you are selling as if it were a person, attributing to it feelings, emotions, intentions and character. Find the two examples of this device.Unit 1 + Description H Freedom with layout The text is arranged in a visval layout: tes, subtiles and slogans may be printed ‘extra large and in typefaces that will catch the reader's eye: paragraphs may be very short Why are long sentences and long paragraphs unusual in advertisements? | Freedom with grammar ‘Sentences are usually short, and may not contain a main verb. Find the two examples here of a sentence with no main verb. Note alsa the number of sentences beginning with And or But, a practice that is sometimes considered incorrect in formal writing, Other common features of the language of advertising, not ilustrated in this advert, are: J Use of statistics, scientific words or foreign languages K References to how ‘natural’ or ‘pure’ the product is References to traditions and the past, or to progress and the fulure, are also very frequent. L Repetition (either of key words or of the name of the product) Practice Read through the following advertisement and then choose from the list A-K the best sentence to fil each of the bianks. Some of the suggested answers do not fat al. The exercise begins with an example (0). See page 11 for information and advice about this exercise type. Like them sporty? (3), And stops when you want it IT LO VES TH E CITY 10, (Thanks to servo-assisted brakes.) No wonder the Cinquecento gets on so well with the city. (0)_F_ r ‘At 42.8 mpg in the urban cycle, you won't hhave to spend a fortune every time you take it into town, ‘A non-smoker. Fiat fit a catalytic converter as standard, Itwon't even embarrass you in company. Despite being It's attractive. Who could resist its good looks? Reliable, too. (1)___(Or into one, come to think of rt.) (2)____ Side impact beams protect your body, whilst 100% galvanization of all external steel panels keeps its ‘own body looking good for years. so compact, it seats four adults comfortably. (5)___Now. To make a date with the new Fiat Cinquecento call {0800 717000 o+ visit your focal Fiat dealer. 6)_ A You never know, it could be love at first sight F [thas everything anyone could wish far in a partner, G_ teil yot you where yon want to go. UH And, hest of al.'s a 46 + Types of writing kible,Describing products * Module 1¢ kk Summarizing This exercise practises two skills: ‘+ recognizing the language of advertising and avoiding it when «suring a tox (ls known es prec), i. — A Here is a summary of the Toyota advertisement. It ex r ‘presses, in a third of Zeng, al the feciual formation gen Ihre. Compare the surmary wnt advertisement, and find the one place where eae re the summary has omilted important ‘The Toyota 4Rimer hi good off the road, Like ul vido the lnck no) ar letra ee he: threc-litre engine (a choice of either turb Lo aod pole " ice of either turbo-diesc! or petrol V6) is very powerful There's a five-speed gearbox, snl you eam els Either ea ‘moving, Off the road. it's good for gi Ws filly 4 ormation, eall 0500 777535, the adh also pvhicel drive even i ws power stein alloy 000 miles. For atest drive or mon B Ina simple, factual manner, summarize th i is it Ele 72 the following advertisement in about Britain does make Europe's finest ovens. The proof is in the pudding. Merseyside, Once it gave rise to the best musie an! football. Now its siving rise to the best lemon soul. se it’s the home of Stoves, who have been ng ovens there since the 19208, "And at Stoves we invest millions to make sie they are always the right ones. You see, we betieve in delving deeply to find out precisely what people want from a cooker. ‘We then combine this research with the latest technology cooked up by our botlins. Add the process of continucns improvement which isa way of life at Stoves ~and quality i built in Inthe Stoves range, you'll find single and double eavity ovens, gus und electric ovens. fanned and non-fanned ovens, All have Powereool, which keeps doors safe to touch, even during roasting, While gas models have the unique Maxigril, which givesa totally even heat. ‘And naturally, we've taken care of the ‘worst part of cooking any meal: the cleaning~ up, All our ovens are stay-clean, In addition, they're designed so that there are no nooks My adds up be able to claim they have Europe's finest cooks, Britain ean detinitely claim ta have Europe's STOVES finest cookers. FINE OVENS Types of writing + 47accelerates rapidly until it is travelling as fast as the wave. The surfer then pushes himself up, first kneeling and then standing on his board. o Help young children th language by ‘pending time talking to them, reading to them and encouraging them to use language. And remember, parents should still be parents ‘and not behave like sachers. Expect children to do : their best, offer rewards of exira attention such as inally, the muscles will althougi aninutes or more, ih the casualty wilt aconscious for a few ACTION A Instructions and directions page 49 B Advice page 51 C Processes and systems page 54 Warm up: register exercise in of each text? Who is il addressed to and what is it trying to u 4 Be direce rect. Americans, Gerinans i teh an Seadkmetleans, Gerinans, lix one teaspoon Oo! vague in bun einavians think we’ tecsaahareeeremy, unifies Rowe jar, add a perience oF and mix toasmooth — >, Be sPecle. Germans are fikely to nT pour on bolling HON specific figures, whereas ie ime. British think in sore gall the the hard fi er rd figures ahead telephonetg "4 * Ga Coffee is delivered to the manufacturer ready " roasted, blended and ground. tt is tien Parachute Jumping for percolated in baiches of up t 900 kilos awa Beginners time. Some of the water is evaporated from 1 Puta book on the floor ilne"Gotteehin lea 2 Cimb ona chair and ras your 3 Airing at the target, jum a shouting Banzai Your ends willbe impressed, milk, stirrin: Pat the cooked chick peas, oil, lemon juice, garlic and tahini (sesame paste) into the blender with enough water to allow the mixture to purée ‘Sit down, shut up and get satisfactorily. Add salt to laste and more — on with your work. And do lemon juice or tahini as necessary. Lry lo act your age: this isn’t a kindergarten.’ relax, ly vs of your Seep with he Knuckles OT eve YOUT Wet the hair and apply a small h. After the fit is ov er, t ith See tne, enl. Mowe vor will regain eaerect sualty Debert ietip mal oe amount of the shampoo. Gently may feel dazed and curr fied, Be sure 1 fweriielaleterl nee! Reveet aa This feeling can 48 + Types of writing necessary,Instructions and directions * Module 2A, PLM RS kod CS 1.0 Neither too many words nor too few A. These two sets of instructions refer to the same keep-fit exercise. Neither is perfect, but which features make the first sot better? 1 You sturt this exercise by standing upright. Now make sure that your bottom is tucked in and that your knees ave slightly bent. Also, your hips should be slightly forward, 2 Bond sideways al the waist, to your left. Let your {eft arm slide slowly down your leg. At the same ‘time, bring your right arm up above your head. fi 1. Stand up straight. 2 Bend left fve times, breathing out, with one ‘arm going down your leg ‘and the other In the air. 3. Bend right five times, etc. his time, you should be breathing out, a Tatd that esition for 4 moment, then start going upright again as you breathe in. 4 Repeat this process a Lotal of five times on the left. Alerwards, do the same exercise another five times on the other side, BA good set of instructions avoids any misunderstanding, without being too long. The first set could have been written using fewer words without losing any of the detais. Rewrile each step in a single sentence. using fewer words. 1 Writing practice When giving instructions, you should explain anything that the other person might not understand, and adapt your instructions to suit your reader. It is better to ge too much information than not enough. Write a set of instructions, numbering them step by step (lour or five steps), for one of these activities. imagine you are talking to a friend from a country (or Planet) where they don't do these things. Buying bread Taming 0» ids wision Shaking hi 1.2 Imperatives Instructions on shampoo bottles, in recipes and so on, are often given like ‘commends, in the imperative: Rinse and repeat; Add! 200g of chocolate. Doit Pou't dot Remember to Toke care 10h to . Punctuate your rerting Dau’ forget to Bee sure not to Do punctuate your writing Do cemember to... (for emphasis) Be careful not to Remember to use paragraphs. Be sure to... Be sure yon .. Never, ever do it, Necer, ever nse obscene language in an exaon paper. Make sure that ... Make sure you ... ‘Try not to Make sure your writing is legible. See that... 1 See that yot Avoid doing. it. Try to. Related structures used for giving advice can be found on page 51. Types of writing + 49Unit 2 * Action 1.3 Word formation Use the words in the box to the right of the text to form one word that fits in the ‘same numbered space in the text. Write the new word in the correct box below the text. The exercise begins with an example (0). OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Warning To reduce the risk of fire or (0) ... shock, do not expose this (1) ... to rain or (2)... To maintain good (3). = Do not keep the not keep the nnit i im places wh an area of high ( wre (4) ... hot, cold, dusty or hmm. In partientar, do s+ stich as a bathroom. Note on listening with the headphones ~ Listen at a (6) ... volume to avoid damage to (7) censure (8) ..., do not wear the headphones while (9) ... sources be (10) ... by two RG (size AA) batteries ar AC house current using an (LL) .- AC (2) Maintenance Clean the playback/recording head (13)... (every 10 h Use a cotton swab (14) ... moisturized with (15) ..- fl ‘of use) for optinnumn somal qu 0 ELECTRICITY 1 APPLY 2 MOIST 3 PERFORM 4 EXTREME 5 HUMID 6 MODERATION 7 HEAR 8 SAFE 9 DRIVE 10 POWER 11 OPTION 12 ADAPT 13 REGULAR 14 UGHT 15 CLEAN 0| electric 8 © 10 "1 12 18 14 sJolal[s]olnr 16 1.4 Writing practice A For a magazine, write your favourite recipe (about 100 words). B A Scottish fiend is staying with you. She promised to phone her family in ‘Scotiand tonight, but your phone's not working. You won't see her until very late, 0 you leave a note teling her where to find the nearest public call-box and how to use it to phone Scotland. Write the note fabout 100 words). Translate the fire notice on the wall of your classroom into English. If you are in an English-speaking county, translate it into your first language. ‘Task bank: Tasks 5, 29 and 47 50 + Types of writingAdvice * Module 2B ed Advice for travellers In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. I is either ‘grammaticaly incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Find the unnecessary words and write them in the margin. Some lines are correct. Indicate these with a tick (v}, The exercise begins with three examples (0). What to do if you get a stomach upset It's possih at some stage in yor 0 down with diarrhoea, maybe just as a result of 0 hat more often also because of a hug of some sort, 1D 1 Bon't go and pumping yourself full of autib 2. This is wot a good way to t 3. han than good by destrosin 4 well as thy 5 The best course of acto G nothing and deink only unsweet 7 sure yon dri 8 9 10 or toast, and yoghurt. Keep 1 from dl 11 yoghurt), anything to sweet and non-citris fru 12 IF is not practial to stick to this diet, yo 13 to block you up for a wh u 15 Dolidays you wall have be struck li scat the frst sign of trouble. ind you ean often do more of as boiled! vegetables, plain bread ry products (ot Avoiding the imperative Imperatives may be used when giving advice, but in many circumstances they can be impolite. Otten it is more appropriate to use one of these ‘softer’ structures. Try lo find examples of them in the ‘stomach upset text. You pnt you In front of the verb. You goto the end of the street anul turn left You cauld use a modal verb. You must try to write legibly. You don't huve to write perfectly. You may want t work on yor handicrting. You could (ry changing, pens. You might like to look again at the unit on prnetuation, The best / worst ting ta do to would be easier fudeisable 1 preferable Fw 7a good idea to... helps to... / Ut pays to Ws rcorth buying a good... W's no good /no use using a cheap substitute, (Doing) this will be appreciated Fusefud 1a good start. Good reriting is / should be / must be punctuated with care. Working with a partner, write seven sentences using these structures (0 give advice on one of the following subjects. How to avoid eat wga cold. How to lear to swim, Haw to overcome shyness How to succeed in class without doing any work, Types of writingUnit 2 * Action If, to, by ‘A Punctuate the following text and divide it into two or three paragraphs. HOW TO pick up a BABY RABBIT ‘There are somewhat different methods of picking up a baby or half ‘grown rabbit 2s opposed to an adult a young rabbit can be easil picked up by sliding a hand under the belly and lifting bodily before it has a chance of jumping away the trick is to have the animals body nicely balanced in the palm of the hand a very young rabbit being picked up for the first time may struggle a little so transfer it to your chest and soothe it by gentle stroking alternatively bring up the other hand and cuddle it gently hold the animal firmly but not tightly otherwise it may struggle all the more vigorously most young rabbits quickly adapt to being picked up in this manner and correctly held rarely struggle however they must have the opportunity to become accustomed to the human hand and it is advisable to handle youngsters of about five to six \weeks onwards on a regular basis spare a few moments at feeding time to fondle the youngsters while they are eager for food. 52+ Types of writing B This exercise practises three structures that are common in giving instructions. YF Wyon want to pick up Pw Ino it slide a hand under its belly. against your chest To To pick upa rabbit, slide a To To soothe a rah Fhand under its belly. hold it against yonr chest. By You can pick up a rabbit by By Soothe a rabbit that struggles by 1 bund under its belly. Holding it against your chest, Rewrite these sentences using structures with fo and by. 1 Afyou want to turn right, move the steering wheel clockwise. 2 Ifyou want it to work, kick it 3. If this isa problem, ese culd milk, (nse aeoid) 4 Ifyou want to internupt the speaker. raise your hi 5. Ifyou blew harder, you will get a higher 6 IF you let go as soon ast gets hot. yon won't he burut. (use avoid) 7 You uuay find that your hanehvriting improves iF yon write more slowly. Practice Write six sentences giving instructions on how to behave with a new employer or teacher using i, to and by (two sentences using each structure). An ‘advice’ article The text below is a model answer to this CAE writing task: White, for publication in an English-language magazine, a set of tips (pieces 01 advice) for students who are preparing to take the CAE exam. Your article should be about 250 words. 1. Write subtitles (AE) for those paragraphs that don't have them. 2 White a suitable introduction (between 20 and 40 words recommended). 3. The article is a bit too long. Cut anything that you fee! is irelevant or unimportant.Advice * Module 2B HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE CAE (introduction missing) Know the exam ‘As soon us you start working for the exam, make sure ‘you hae a clear idea what is tested in each of the five Papers. When you know what you are aiming for, you can plan your preparation more effectively and work. ‘on your weaknesses. Take responsibility for your work You're probably not in a class full of highly-motivated students whose English is exaetly the same level as yours, with a teacher you like and whose methods suit you perfectly. Bat three-quarters of the work you need todo ean be done outside the classroom, so the progress you make is your responsibility (and lack of it ‘ot the fault of others). I you have time for more homework than you are given, your teacher probably be delighted to recommend hooks for self study and to correct any extra writing you do, QL Babies spend a year listening to spoken language hefore they start 10 speak: yet some CAE students expel to be able to write English when they never read any! A lot of what you need to know for Papers 1. 2and 3 van be leamed simply by reading widely and extensively, from literature and magazines to song lyrics andl Food labels. 24 Writing Part 2 writing task () — It's possible to get plenty of reading practice in English without having to buy books, but everyone needs 10 have a good dictionary, A small bilingual dictionary has its uses. but a medium-sized EnglishEnglish dictionary is essential at CAE level because it tells you how and when the word is used. A good grammar book. a vocabulary book and a self-study writing s book can also be very helpful. ©. If you're lucky enough to have the chance of spending some time in an English-speaking country. this is a g00d way of making quick progress, particularly in listening und speaking. If you've got alot of time and ‘come from an EU country, it's not hard to get a Jow- paid job in Britain (e.g. hotel work). Alternatively, if you can afford it, come to Britain and follow a CAE exam course, (D). Listen to as much English as possible (BBC World Service und other radio and TV broadcasts, films in English, songs, novels on cassette, etc.) and speak English whenever you can. Talking to your partner or friends in English is just as good speaking practice as talking to a native speaker. ©). - Jn some exuims, the questions are so predictable that you ean leur to pass simply by spending a lot of time doing practice tests instead of studying properly. Happily. this is not the case with CAE. Nevertheless, some exam pructice is recommended (using practice tests) in order to familiarize yourself with the format of the questions and, above all. to get the timing right. ‘An English language magazine for young adults (aged 16-18) in your country runs a series of articles enlilled How to get the best out of... . The articles are sometimes serious, and sometimes light-hearted. Write an article of about 250 words for the magazine on the subject ol your choice. (Some ideas: how to get the best out of being a student / your family / your creativity / your television.) Task bank: Tasks. 6, 7, 41a and 41b Types ol writing + 53Unit 2» Action 2C Processes and systems The passive voice A Here are two explanations of the workings of a fire extinguisher. The first is from a talk given by a fireman. The second is from a school text book. The main stylistic difference Is that the second is impersonal - the words ‘I’ and 'you' are not used - and the verbs are often in the passive, Put the verbs in the second text into the appropriate form. More than one word may be required. Some of the verbs may be participles (stopping or stopped) rather than full tenses (were stopping, had been stopped). The first one has been done for you as an example. 7 The CO,-propelled water-filled fire extinguisher IN -This one, painted red, is a water-filled Fire extinguisher. As you can see. it's a steel cylinder with a hose coming out of the top. This lever here. where the hose joins the eylinder, is what you use to make it work. The eylinder’s almost full of | water, and inside the water there's a cartridge o Awater-flled fire extinguisher comprises @ Fed-painted steel cylinder (connect) connected _to a hose and (control) by an operating lever. The carbon dioxide gas at high pressure. 7 cylinder (fill) almost to the top “To make it work. you just pull out thi safety pin with water, Inside the eylinder is a cartridge tere and squeeze the lever, When you pull oxen (contain) Op gas at high the lever, it pushes a pin ar pat m ie a pressure. Wioxide curtridge. lets ou ine eon ert ee nr ee cylinder. The gas, which is still of course under 7 the operating lever can (squeeze) high pressure, pushes down on the water sed makes : «Pushing a pin down to it-go up the tube in the middle, through the ae (pierce) the CO2 cartridge. The ‘and out through the nozzle at the end. The nozzle is high-pressure gas (releaso) Smaller than the tube, to make the water come out into the space above the water in the cylinder. faster. This means it’s going to send the are far ‘The gas (push) down on the enough so you can stand back from the fire. water, which (force) up the discharge tube to a hose (connect) to a nozzle, ‘The nozzle is narrower than the discharge tube, so the speed at which the water (leave) al is increased, The water ‘ throw for enough so thet the operator an (stand) back from the fire B Apart from the verbs, there are other differences between the two texts. 1 Are there any words or phrases in the first text which would be out of place in the second? 2 Inthe second text, what words and structures replace the phrases with the ‘word you? 54 * Types of writingProcesses and systems + Module 2C The organization of a process description This model is taken from a travel book describing a journey down the Mississippi. ‘The author has visited a button factory. The organization of the passage is ‘exemplary; what is more, although the process is described in the past (the factory visit is seen as an event in the writer's journey), the writer uses the passive voice in the characteristic menner. ‘A Read through the text and choose the best phrase (A-K) to fill each of the ‘gaps. Write one letter in each gap. Four of the suggested answers do not fi at all. The exercise begins with an example (0). Making buttons ‘The whole process of button making was nicely contained and comprehensible. It started (0)__G of the factory and rose, machine by machine, to the top. On (1). . the liquid plastic was poured into an oii drum, mixed with dye and hardener, and sloped into a centrifuge like a big spin-drier, where (2) formed an even, translucent sheet of soft rubbery stuff. The sheet was passed into the machine that punched it into a thousand or so round button blanks; (3) were fed on a conveyor belt into an oven where they were baked hard; then they were cooled and sent on up (4). . Here more machines drilled needle holes in them and carved patterns on (5). , They were polished in a tumbling vat of wooden shoe pegs, and (6). they were sorted into cardboard boxes. G atthe bottom 1 the blanks © the first oor [ itwas whirled around until it D the top floor J. the sheet E upthe path K pieces of soft stuf F their fronts smd backs B Can you find three words in the text that the writer would not have used if he had been writing this for a scientific study of manufacturing industries? Writing practice Wiite a short description of one of these processes. Wiite in a fairly formal style, Using the previous two texts as models. * The production of milk, from grass to table * How the human body works + The greenhouse effect * A Star is Bom - the process of stardom from birth to death, in one tiekd of your choice (rock music, spor. fim. etc.) Types of writing » 55Unit 2 * Action Organization and cohesion How are soft centres put into chocolates? Can you or your partner answer that ‘question before reading the text below? Soft-centred chocolates cor fondant, which is made by mixing, sugar with a quaner of its own weight of water, The sol is head slowly until the sugar dissolves, and then the svrup boiled until it reaches 115°C, The hot, sticky, clear solution is then poured out and left to cool to 38°C. Putting the soft centre in a chocolate 0 8 0 when it becomes a miss of tiny: sugar crystals ‘The fondam is re-heated 10 43°C, when it is soft enough for natural or artificial colours or flavours to be kneaded* in. At the same time, another ingredient is added - an enzyme calle! invertase, ‘The next step is to mould t wed fondant into fancy shap kn 0 ‘The secret of putting creamy by re intl i¢ As just liquiet centres into chocolates is that the and pouring it into cornflour centres are made into solid moulds. A shallow Mat bed of first, covered with liquid cornflour passes under a machine s chocolate, then 20 which stamps indentations for the shapes, which are chen filled with ade creamy le the chocolate coatin the Higuid fondant. Av it cools ind jens, the fondant centres pull yy from the comflour slightly, re then timed ont onto ries the fondants through a bath of melted chocolute, whieh covers the base, while « curtain of melted chocokate covers the rest of the shape. When the chocokite fis hardened, the covered sweets aire heated 10 30°C, which is not hot ‘enough 10 melt the chocokite but activates the invertase, Invertase and) another cor breaks down the sugar in the fondant into its two main components — glucose and fructose, These are both more soluble than sugar, ai combine with the water fondant to liquefy the centres and make them creamy, The process takes several days, ‘to knead = 10 mix ‘A The words in bold in the text help to signal the chronological order of the process (note thal the word affer is not needed). Apart from these words. what else contributes to the chronological ordering of the description? B The underlined words all refer back to a word or idea that has been mentioned before. In each case, say exactly what the undertined word is. referring to. EXAMPLES which (ine 8) refers to fondant (ine 8). the kneadled fondant (line 25) refers to the fondant which now contains colours, flavours and invertase (lines 20-28). What is the function of the frst paragraph in relation to the rest of the text? D How are the folowing ideas expressed in the text? * The hot, sticky, dear solution its then left to enol it becomes a ext step ix to is the k mediately then poured out. When it has b i reaches 98°C, When it re 8 of tiny sugar erystals, Which are better, the sentences here or those in the text? Why? 56 * Types of writing2.1 More on cohesion Processes and systems + Module 2C This (ext was wrilten for school science students. The exercise focuses on cohesion, including the features studied in 2.0. Complete the text by writing the missing word in each gap. The exercise begins with an example (0). See page 9 for information and advice about this exercise type. Flectronic metal detectors use the principle of electromagnetic induetion, (0)__This ieans that, ifn object is placed in How a metal detector «ore: object. Ina etal detector, an electrical current 4s passed through a coil of wire, called the search ec 2). magnetic fil, @). alternating current (AC) generator converts the direct current (DC) fram the bawtry into the AG needed to drive the coi AC reearty reverses direction, it proces the necessary ever-changing magnetic fick Currents are generated in a metal object (5)__. comes within the magnetic itd by 4 process known as induction, When a current is induced in create a Writing practice etal object (for example, 1 buried coin). @_, in wen produces its awn magnetic ficlds. magnetic fields detector's. ‘The simplest kind of metal detector fs the pulse induction type. A powerful current is passed from the battery through the search coil and (8)___ switched off. The pulse of ‘magnetism causes currents to flow in any target objects below the ke in the search € current in the object switched off; it (10) y naturally. As it Fades, In the object rea the search coil. This voltagi fight that an object has been found, The following advertisement appeared in the newslelter of The Green Cross, an organization dedicated to promoting more efficient use of the world’s natural resources and 10 reducing pollution. A thousand and one ways to save the planet Is everything in your town 100% efficient? Think of rubbish collection, transport, office hours, recycling, etc, Whatever system you choose, get together with some friends and find ways in which it could be made more efficient, either saving energy or reducing, pollution. Remember, “small fs beautiful” - even if your Idea only saves a few calorles, it's still part of a giant step for mankind! Then write to us, describing the present system in detail, and outlining your plans for improvement. The best ideas we receive will be included in our new publication, 1,001 Ways To Save The Planet, and should be about 250 words long. Work in a group to choose an appropriate system and make it more efficient, then write your ideas so they can be included in the book. ‘Task bank: Tasks 8, 9, 35 and 40 Types of writing « 57NarratTIVE A Narratives and connecting words page 59 B Biographical narratives page 62 © Newspaper stories page 66 Pet seems Read the following descriptions (A-H) then match them with the contexts from which they were taken (1-8). report a Job application Aller graduating (roms Newcastle University in 1987, | spent wo years travelling around the world (Europe, India, Malaysi South America). In the course ofthe second yeur, I became fluent in Portuguese and worked as an aerobics instructor and {tennis coach for six manths in So Paulo. As you will see from my CV (enclosed) | returned to Newcastle in June '89 and worked as Community Liaison Officer ‘on the Byker Community Arts Programme s this new man working at Cape Fae first day at work. He sits down at the microphone. ‘Fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one . . . Sorry, I'l read that again .. - Five, four, three, two, one. “1 cannot understand why a lioness should step over some of my mates to have a go at me,’ he said, Snoring was one of the reasons put forward by his colleagues. But London Zoo expert Doug Richardson said: ‘Lions aro not teribly brave and ‘Would more likely have gone for someone quiet” 58 + Types of writing Letter of complaint 5. Film review 6 Joke (spoken) 7 Local history section of a guide book 8. Newspaper story (from ‘popular press) acoming ea had taken the corer #00 fast ThS ae on the wrong side of the road. The car Fee eine, a Ford Sscore, tried to pull 1h to the side of the xosd to avoid being Rit. Tre pout managed vo avoid head-on collision. Ine nevertheless the driver's door was sipped off by the glancing impact. The speeding car ae aloo danaped, and ost a wheel: it ehoueed cowards me, sidevays on. swesved wrth tere in on attenpe to avid ic Canaveral. Born Prederie Bulsara in Za moved to London with his family 1959, and took his first exploratory step into music with a group called Wreckage. He joined Queen in 1970, while studying Art and Design and Tuning a stall at Kensinglon Market. He als met Mary Austin, manageress of Biba’s boutique. They lived together Tor seven years, and she remained « close friend,Narratives and connecting words * Module 3A In addition o this, on one gloomy toring the landlady 5 asked me to switch off the light in the room where Twas having breakfast, claiming that electricity in England was ie, a Young New York tax consultant {00 expensive. On two other occasions. she came into my ‘on the verge of promotion, walks out of room in the morning and turned the ight off before even a diner without paying for his lunch, He i saying "Good moming’. challenged on the street bya srange git in a black wig, reminiscent of the silent Movie tar Louise Brooks. she offers Nim eit beck to his office, but once he is in Sivil War, Lyme Regis remained a staunch let Car she throws his portable telepho er a ee etek et Ut of the window, puts her feos ne Hit outnumbered, the men of Lyme held back the 5,000- and heods into the Holland Tunnel and ie Pencncniatol the distant reaches of New Jersey, He is so strong foes ‘of Prince Ruperr until, after two mond startled he does not even notice thet she skirmishes, the royal forces gave up and obs @ liquor store on their journey, 3A_Narratives and connecting words 1.0 Telling the story of a town {In most lines of this text, there is one unnecessary word. I s either grammatically incorrect or does not ft in with the sense of the text. Find the unnecessary words and write them in the margin. Some lines are correct. Indicate them with a tick(/). The exercise begins with three examples (0). Cambridge existed, In the fon what is now known © Cambriclge was important long before the Univers © first century BG an Iron Age trihe built a settlen © Castle Hill. This site was tah us around 40 AD: 1 the Saxons haul followed, ther the 9 under William the Comproror, 2 sex! a castle on a steep mound as a hase for fighting the Saxon 3 schels at Ely. The earthworks of Williams castle are 4 Ely Cathedral ir day, 5 The first sche 1209. mda 6 passed before Hu 7 inore colleges were hi 8 then another ten du nother 75 ye the first culles rg established in the fist half of the T4th eontary, 15th and 16th centuries were. nedlieval city for King’s = fier Henry VII united two existing colleges to make Trinity a grand enough to rival Christ Church in Osford. But these women didn’t have 12 a proper college lnilding until Girton was first founded in 1869, . Types of wing » 59Unit © Narative 60 + Types of writing Connecting words This exercise looks at words that are useful for connecting sentences in a narrative, and aims to develop your range of linking words and practise the tenses that accompany them. BoxA Earlier! ‘Meanwhile Next Before that /then Atthesametime ——_Afterachile Beforchand In the meuntin ‘After that Preciously Sinmnltaneonsly Afiercards? Monee By that time /y then Before hong, Later on Until that tine fail then Soon Iramediately At that moment Instantly Sindeenly Then Withtn seconds Hdays Let. we often fallowed by the 1 The sis words and phrases in this colin past perfiel tense. She started work in Geneva yesterday. Preciously she hud warked in Rome. first met hin in ‘91. By then, he hud already mastered the flute and piano. 2 After shonlel not be used to mnean next, then or afterwards, After can be uscd in the following structures: AMier + yenmul (After meeting them, ...) Mer + clause (After he had introduced himself...) AMfier + noun (efter her birthday, ...) A Practice Starting with one of the sentences given below, work with a partner to continue the narrative for as long as possible. Take it in turns to add one or more sentences to the story. Each time, use one of the inking words given in Box A before adding your sentences. Exaniple Soon after midnight. the sonnel of gunfire echoed uerass the desert. A. Then ice heard seveaus coming from the prisoner's tent. It sounded as if he wens in terrible pat, B Until that moment, he had been so quiet we had been afraid be was dying, He hadn't even told us his narne or what he hail done with the steering wheel of our Jeep. AVAL once wwe rea certo Incetinte, B Within seconds. we realized i was a trap. wg went well for the first 20 minutes, and even the tiger ed friendly. cainyg her mechanie a prisoner on th‘Narratives and connecting words + Module 3A Box B “To start with Now? Tn the end AL first! / First AM present Atlast? Al te moment Eventually Initially Forthe time being In time Iu the beginning cadays Inthe end Right owe These days 1 Firstly / First emphasizes the sequence of events First... then... finally AL first implies « contrast with what happens later, AL first I was incompetent, but ie the endl Uhecar © reasonably proficlent. caus now, not the usual partner to at first (use 2 Actually means iu fact it never 5 AM lust implies « fecting of relief, so it fn the end or ecentually). B Practice "Now, using one of the new opening sentences below, start your continuation with a word or phrase from Box B column 1 (e.g. at fist). Continue, using any words from either box, especially Box B column 2 (taking your narrative into the presen) or Box B column 3 (which brings your narrative to @ conclusion). This time, be especially careful with the tenses of your verbs. +L dreamed was flying in a hot air balloon, exer tell you abaut the time I was kidnapped | ste holid + Harrison was beginning to wish he had never entered the jungle. + When Lost my job. I decided to hecome a criminal, . al this party at all Writing practice Write a brief history of your town or region (150-200 words) for the English- language edition of a tourist guide. Use the text about Camibridge on page 59 as a model. Types of writing + 61Unit 3 + Narrative 1.0 OBITUARY: Francis James 1 Had there been Olympies 10 select a ‘champion eecentrc, the gold would have been won for Australia by the journalist and former tighter pitoc Francis James, '5 who has died in Sydney at the age of 74, We were ut the same New South Wales country school in the tne twenties, His brilliance shone (I)___. ‘Then, without the knowledge of the sta, 10 he founded a sehool newspaper from local advertiser, but tht a initiative was marred by the Fact that his editorials accused the staff of practically every criminal act. He knew it was 15 unirue but felt that society nceded an is expulsion was, wher. (2)__. came to thrash Francis in public ‘The family moved to Canberra 10 9 29 new life and a new school, There he exploded another laboratory in a failed experiment and dared Gough Whitlam, external. stimuli 62 + Types of witing B Biographical narratives The story of a life ‘Six phrases have been removed from this text. Match the gaps (1-6) with the phrases (A-H) given below. Two of the suggested phrases do not fit at al @)__.. to climb a high tree with the help of a ladder. Francis removed the 29 ladder and lett Gough inthe stratosphere forthe best part of a day before a search party found him. Francis became (4)___. He thought officers should fratemize with the lower 0 ranks and emphasized the point by fying ‘our most powerful fighter aircraft slong the main streets of Melboume almost below roof level Expelled again, he took ship o England and joined the RAF as an 36 sirerafsman in 1939 By 1942he hal hecome a Spite pilot and I was at the BBC in London. asked him how he had managed to yet into the firing line. “Easy, dear hoy. Forged my 40 log books 10 prove J had been flying fighters in China.” Weeks Tater he wos shot down over France and badly bumed. ‘Taken prisoner, he was asked his mame and rank and replied "Group Captain 45 Tunledove'. He tried 10 escape from a Stalag five times. once in a hot air balloon he had made. Ie erashed back ito the compound, setting i alight. B afellowstudent a C inthe back of a 1936 Rolls Royce D but hewas avery gooel mighy player esteadet In 1988 1 had. (8) a telephone 0 call from Francis. "Dear hoy. I am in London. 1 shall he with you in half an hour." Hee was. tn the biggest staff ear 1 had ever seen, How, I asked. “Easy. dear boy. 1 was at RAF HQ. just repatriated ‘5 from Germany as wounded, and I said. the desk “A ear please for Air Vice Marshal James of Australia, and as you He was given a scholarship to Balliol, €0 Oxford, 1 used (0 visit but once found him absent. The porter explained, “Mr James has lef. A fellow student hat not paid his gambling debts snd Mr James took him to the river to explain that he 65 must do so, hut unfortunately wok a loaded pistol to exphin.” ‘Many years later he became the owner editor of Sydney's Anglican Times. had a profound effect on Church leaders with ro blistering editorials, and joined Australia's Sydney Morning Herald Religions Editor, writing m ‘pew ‘Sydney's main srcets. n Air Force Narrative technique ‘The obituary of Francis James manages to tell his life story clearly yet retain a sense of drama. The writer is able to give so much information without his writing becoming heavy and slow by using short sentences and participle clauses. A Short sentences Look back to see how these two ideas were actually written in the text. 1¢ 52-3) in theBiographical narratives + Module 3B B Participle clauses Can you rememiber how these ideas were expressed — in single sentences and fewer words ~ in the text? Do your best to express the ideas more economically, then compare your ideas with the original. 1 Asaresil exploit he was expelled, as he had been from his school, Then he took ship to England. (line 33-4) 2 He was taken prisoner. When he wa Captain Turtledove’. (line 43-5) 3 Itecrashed hick into the compounil. The exash set the compound alight. (ine 47-8) 4 "Tas at RAF 1Q. 1 bud j ‘wounded. [said to the dest ked his name und rank, he replied “Group heen repatriated from Germany as I had be + (ine 54-6) 1 Analtemative to linking words. Participle clauses are often used to imply reason or resull, so they can have the same function as linking words such as consequently, because, which is why, and so. Necer hacing leaned to swim, I rarely zo to the seaside, implies I hace never learaed to stint, rchich is why F rarely yo to the seaside. Dafeuted in the debate. the Prime Minister resigned. implies She was defeated in the debate, and ax a result she resigned. 2 Structure Three different structures may be used, depending on the tense. Present participle — relates to present tenses, past continuous, and past simple when, two events are miure or less simultaneous. In the first scene Travis is crossing the Mujuce desert, He looks like a tramp. In the first scene Travis is erossing the Moface desert, looking lke « tramp, Leas dying of thirst. 1 drank water from the river. Dying of thiest, drank water from the river. He turned his back on his problems and took a long holiday in the sun. Turning his back on his problems, he took a long holiday in the sun. OR He turned his back ow his problems, taking a long holiday in the sun, Past participle ~ relates to past simple passive ‘He was shot deren over France, He was interned in a camp, Shot dow over France, he was interned in a cunp. Having + past participle ~ relates to present perfect, past simple, and past perfect ee worked very hard for this exam. Um confident that FH do well Having worked very hard for this exam, Fm confident that FU do vel Thad never eaten raw fish, 1 had mised fectings about the invitation, Neter having eaten raw fish, U had mixed feelings about the invitation Asachild, he had been attacked by a dog. He was terrified of them all his life. Hacing been attacked by a dog as a child, he was terifice of them all his life Types of writing * 63Unit3 + Naralve 64 + Types of writing is 8 Practice Rewtite the following in single sentences using a participle clause. Example Many people hope the government will do something. They are writ to their MPs, Many people, hoping the gocerument will do something, are writing to their MPs. 1 He heard what his d 2 The soldiers were singi blizzad. 3 I visited the Sudan last year, I was shocked by what sav 4 She was hom in 1975 and educated at Hirst, Susan Gallon beeame a 1996, 5 I pulled a muscle yesterday. As 6 I haven't heen to the States. Consequ abou 7 Me insisted that we should all be pu lat. 8 {hado’t opened the letter, As a result, U hadn't realized 1 had won first prize 9 When they look around old houses, some people get a sense of history 10 1 wasn’t fluent in their language. 1 hdl to use a kot of rnin 11 Her son was inspired by the concert. He started to learn the piano, 12 Fonly brought T-shirts and beach clothes. Chad assumed that August would be hot, 13 1 wasn't frightened af the cobra. [had been bitten by sna 14 Ifyou told me that Francis James spent three years in pri hter hac! done. He was proud lower of Scotland’, They marched th ih the 1 can’t do any training today, tly. F don’t knovw what you're talking val, Then he himself was half an hour times hofare, at swouldirt be surprised. 1 have just read an article about his ie. 15 Iwas delighted sbant winning the prize, so f took all ny rieuds out to celebrate, A letter to the editor Part 1 writing task The texts below are taken from a review, in a British newspaper, of a collection of short stories, Cindy Vitale once stayed with you during her travels and since you have a very good memory of her and her friendship, you are shocked by the inaccuracy of the information printed in the newspaper. With the help of a rock music encyclopedia, you decide to write to the newspaper and set the record straight. Study the extracts from the book review together with the biogrephical information from the encyclopedia, then write your letter to the newspaper (about 250 words). 1 book wi Jy, the remarkable fast short story in th a Cindy Vitale, who died in 1994 in a ity of the writing, itscems a real pi that she wasted so much of her fife on the music scene, where her unsuccessful career with the punk hand DGeneratie culminated in her disappointment at failing to secure the feading role in the film Broken English. Surpr written by punk rocker plane crash. Given the quali Ionly Miss Vitale h where she seem: muusie, where she obyCIM 1952 orn Sio Paulo, Brazil. irish ‘mother, Brazilian father. Mother singer in nightelub, father jazz guitarist. 1957 Starts elassieal pi azitian TV 1969-70 Leaves home, travels (USA, Caribbean, Aftica), Studies drums and percussion. 1971-74 LAMDA Drama School, London, Continues drums and percussion with leading African, 1974-75 Theatre: 18 months with Royal Shakespeare Company. Useful words and phrases Lucas shacked / harrified / deeply offended J angered 1 surprised to read... defamatory /einformed 1 professional contrary to Mr Bacon's allegations / despite Mr Bacon's cassessment nol, ax your reviewer suguests, ... far from being successfil| scandalous misrepresentation of the cemarkable career of. 1976 Travels in Africa and A: studying percussion, folklore, Buddhism, 1977 London. Beginning of punk rock. Farms band, DGeneration, In TV interview, describes classical Imusic and theatre as ‘the dead cculture of the middie classes’ white punk is ‘the living folk music of the people 1979 Dissalves DGeuteration alter two and a haif years touring Britain, Europe and USA, five Top 40 singles and two albums. 1980 Refuses teading role in punk rock film Broken English because film ‘doesn't understand punk = onr Bogrephical naratves = Module 3B ideals. our lifestyle or our art: we're not cinema, we're for real. Major role as punk rocker in Derck Agios’ independent film Street Party. Critical success. 1981-82 Travels around world, studying music and theatre 1981 Marriage to Diego Aguirre, Cuban writer. Moves to Cuba, 1981-94 Successful career as performer and music teacher in Cuba. Music (dance orchestras, jazz quartet) theatre and TV work. Starts to write in "86: many short stories published, one novel 1994 Death (car accident). Guidance 1 First, read the question very carefully and think: ‘Who am | going to write this etter for? (target reader) ‘Why am I going to write it? (lask achievement) ‘When you write to a newspaper you write to the editor, but your letter is in fact intended for publication in the newspaper. Your ‘target reader’ is therefore the reader of the newspaper. Don't expect a reply or an apology from the editor. Your main lask is calmly 10 correct the false information and thus clear Cindy's name, 2 Study the information in detail, underining all the inaccuracies in the review, ‘Some of these errors may be harmless mistakes and perhaps nol warth ‘mentioning, while others may be exiremely offensive. 3 Plan your lelter. It should include: First paragraph + (litle of article aned are nat given, you clear reference to newspaper artic late} i tasks when these then, + explanation of your connec of yone personal aequain to this story (bri nce with Ci Middle section © Point aut where the reviewer wid correct the false ovenill Last panygeaph © a letter, 4 Don't accuse the writer of the article of ‘ying’. If somebody doesn’t have a ‘900d grasp of the facts, they are ‘mistaken’ or ‘misinformed’. 5 This kind of writing task is in fact a role-play. You can use your imagination ‘bul you musin’t change any of the facts you are given. Task bank: Tasks 26 and 28 Types of writing * 65Unit 3 > Naraine 66 * Types of writing ECan Model Newspaper stories are good examples of economical narrative writing. The writer tells the story clearly in as few words as possible. Divide the following report from the Guardian into five short paragraphs and punctuate il, faking particular care lo mark any direct speech. doctor who ross a mock rail the injection i hospital doctor kanbourn eae carat nea itwasthe real} ad inadvertently joined in an exercise wih thing and joined inthe rescue effort robert | police fre and ambulance services a fambourn realized his misake when he} choppingion norkhurnbertand he was gave one ofthe injured a paikiling thought to he part ofthe medical team and eda wed through the police cordon Injection and the surprised actor looked up} was allo pice on to ask do we really have to go that far the | doctor ambourn was not asailabe for anment yesterday but his colleague in ‘olunteer patient explained to the docior | comment yesterday T thatthe 40 casualties fying araund the crash | ashington nonhumberkand de john scene were al acting then he was campbell said my colleague acted withthe Sareichered avay to sleep aff the effets of | very best intentions Organizing a story News reports are usually writen in short paragraphs: the first generally summarizes the whole story, while the last often includes a quotation. Narrative tenses and linking words for time are key features. A Putting events in order 1 Rearrange the folowing sentences to make a newspaper story. 2 Comment on the lenses of the two verbs in italics. 3 White a fille, or headiine, for the story by summarizing il in 12 words or fewer. a He pulled anto the hard shoukle walking sticks. b “Las very surprised when the police pli © But he ni Abs «l Tow Brown sparked off» police search after he left his wife in their hroken-down Skoda on the MB, and forgot to collect her. © Soon afterwards, Mrs Brown was picked up h patrol and am hed, with a helicopter and suilfer dogs. ppose T mast have got confused,” Mr Brown said He was discovered five hours later having tea at hom W. Police found that Mr Brown, retired British Rail worker, ld! taken s Dus to Heistal in hame to Tewkesh roester, 1 Mr Brown, aged 73, and his wife Catherine, aged 84. Devou, on Saturday when the tered tora halt md hobbled aff for help with the aid of his two wed cere heuding for Totnes, ar Bristol cleNewspaper stores + Module 3G B Write a suitable fist paragraph for this newspaper report by summarizing the whole story in one sentence. (First paragraph missing) Jain and Sue Baughan, who have 4 children, said 19-yoar-old Johan Egelstedt was perfect for the post. He was detained at Heathrow airport when he arrived on Monday, and immigration officials were to fiy him back to Sweden until the Baughans intervened. Mr Egelstedt was then allowed to stay for seven days with the couple at their home in Leicester. “We are all outraged that the authorities have to deport hin? said Mrs Baughan, aged 38. ‘The ‘only reason he cannot stay is because he is aman.” Mr Egelstedt said: ‘Tve a friend who went to France as a male au Pair without any trouble. I don't see why I cannot do the same here. ‘The immigration service states that an au pair must he ‘an unmarried girl aged 17-27 inclusive without dependants.” C Here you have the first and last paragraphs of a newspaper story, but the middle section is missing. Taking the three preceding stories as your models, use your Imagination to complete the story by writing a few paragraphs giving all the details. The Golden Hoard That Lost Its G The retired Suffolk gardener who will become a milfionaire after finding a hoard of Roman gold and silver now ‘wishes it had never happened, (Middle paragraphs missing) “We expect the next thing will be begging letters, and what are we supposed to do about them? There sre times we wish this had never happened,” Types of wing + 67| wasn’t at all surprised to hear that Mum and D: it 5 Jad are against the marriage. The thing is, Jutta, both of you are really much too young to get married. What's the harm In waiting, at least until Mike has finished college? And how do you two plan to Givine YOUR OPINION A Argument page 69 B Reviews page 72 © Personal advice page 76 Warm up: register exercise Read the following extracts (A-G), then match them with the contexts from which they were laken (1-7). Set up home together, when neither of you has a job? {don't lame your father if. knowing your mother is there for him, he uses her. Remember that she 100 ‘st take responsibilty for the position in which she finds hersell. In other words, be very careful not torake sides, ‘think the best hing you ‘can doisto urge them Doth tohelp themselves and possibly find help ouside all this technology couldn't even slightly. interesting. ke 'No Son Of Mine™ What a s1 make the musi lane Is like being locked in a musicakaversion chamber, where synthesizers plonk aimlessly, and guitars huff and bluster unt they're blue in the face, but pear no relation to anything going on around them. And they called this‘progressive rock? No matter where in the world you go, you'll find some deranged Brit setting up a donkey sanctuary. Isn’t it time we tuned the dial to a better reception, started caring a bit more about humanity, a bit less about donkeys? We ought. as a nation, to row up and stop trying to pretend that Peter Rabi still our best friend. In the greater scheme of things, the worst of humanity is worth considerably more than the best of bunnies. 68 + Types of writing I was both surprised and saddened to publi was described as the ‘appalling eondit FD there are thiee different ways of buying a second-hand car: privately, rom a dealer, and ‘at an auction. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Buying Privately Ths, esvaly- cheaper than buying trom a dealer, but your legal protection is weaker. I's 3 good idea 10 take someone along with you tvten you go to look ata car, a8 a witness 10 ‘what the seller tells you about it ad your recent tion ofa letter from V. Meldrew regarding what Ward C9. feel very strongly that | should reply to the criticisms. 1 was revently a patient on Ware! C9, where I received a liver transplant, [have the utmost admirat reciation for the professionalism, dedicatis and ‘and patient care I received, B Loui journey a disarm by these people, but ashamed basic skills, he appears to be the 1 3 aes Sarno’s account of | from modern civitiz ly frauk and completely selFrimportance. Longing to b ion is, lacking, accepted at his lack of Hin; 1 paradise, A concert review A book review An informal lette “The aevice page of a maga Aletter toa newspapjo Argument + Module 48, 4A Argument Arguments for and against Here we look at the type of writing where the writer argues a case, or expresses an opinion, by looking at a problem Irom two sides. in this lype of writing, the way ideas are connected is very important; this is achieved by the use of Connecting words, by the way the ideas are grouped together into paragraphs, ‘and by the way the paragraphs themselves are ordered. The folowing mini- composition is an example of the basic structure, e important to know tow te tell hes? ifeverybouly lied all the time, But at strons if everytnly always told the truth? So schools are quite right ta teach Ohvionsly, modem eivlized soci 1 tine, would it not he equally itscems to me that Ing isi essential ski sd th children how to doit ‘This expresses the whole argument in four sentences. A longer piace of writing ‘would develop the ideas in each of these sentences into four (or more) paragraphs, but the same basic structure would be retained. Use your imagination and creativity to complete the sentences in the mini- ‘compositions below. Note that A-E look at both sides of the argument, whereas F and G are one-sided and simply list reasons. A Suudents olten wonder wheth inde 's worth 4 to Britain to study English, Twonkd ds on Some students, Others, however, B This is onl really enjoy i (he third time I've and 1 still don’t know if 1 Also, But at the su By and Large, 1th C Fur often told 1'm lucky to be a While its true to say that On balanex, I suppose Types of writing * 69Unit 4 + Giving your opinion. 70 + Types of writing D Many young actors amd has its drawbacks as wel ctresses dreamt of becoming stars, but in reality stardom ‘On the one hand, Also, On the other hi Not only that, bu also Uhinately, E Asan Olympic Gold Medalist, am oft the night before a big race. On the one hand, sked! what isthe best way: to spend On the other hand, Personally, though F There are many reasons why I love. (One reason is Another, What is more, Above all, G Ofall the soap powders in the world, { would recommend that you Inthe first place, ‘More fmportantly,Argument + Module 4A Expanding your argument Below is the mini-composition on page 69 developed into a magazine article. ‘A The connecting words that signa! the structure of the argument have been temoved. For each of the numbers (1, 2, 3) which four of the following adverbials would be appropriate? a Admittedly OF course Granted To sum up @ ewe one The importance of not being earnest \elling the truth may be a virtue, but is it not Tr ‘important to know how to tell lies? Any idiot can tell the truth, but lying is a skill, a science, an art. Fortunately schools, with the unrealistic expectations that they have of young people, provide early training in the art of lying. For example, is it realistic to expect a 15-year-old to write a 250-word composition and spend six hours watching television in the same evening? So we watch television but tell the teacher we did our homework, but that the dog / cat / baby got hold of it. . . Then, later in life, when the really uncomfortable questions come, like ‘I know you're 18 years old now, but wouldn't it be nice if we all went on a family holiday together, with grandma and grandpa?’, we know better than to say that frankly It would be our idea of hell, Instead, we're really sorry we can't come but we've got that project to finish for school, plus fitness training, plano practice, or even English grammar exercises. b Byand large © Allinall h Conversel k On the other hand: rally Ultimately ! ‘What is the function of each paragraph? (1) __ modern civilized society couldn't exist if everybody lied all the time. Before a business deal could be concluded, lawyers would have to be brought in to make sure there was no trickery; but the lawyers themselves would be lying, and leave both companies bankrupt. And how could democracy operate unless politicians occasionally kept at least some of their electoral promises? (2) __ would it not be equally disastrous if everybody always told the truth? How many families depend for their stability on the little white lie? How much unhappiness, how many. wars are avoided simply because people have the good taste to hide the hatred and contempt they feel for other people? And as for love and desire, could these emotions not be ultimately more destructive to society than any negative feelings? (3) __ it seems to me that lying is an essential skill, and that schools are quite right to teach children how to do it. And if the editor of this magazine wonders why this article reached her so late this week, please note that I did in fact write it on time, but unfortunately the dog, the cat and the baby ganged up together, mugged me and buried the article in the garden. Note that in this article the key sentences (‘topic sentences’) are the first sentences in each a sentence. paragraph; this is often, but not always, the case. Similarly, ‘many adverbial connecting words are not necessarily written at ihe beginning of Types of writing » 71Unita Writing Opinions are like belly butions: ecerybody has got ane, but lo other peuple usta er sea a nybody has got one, but da other peuple want to Tris writing of opinions only becomes interesting when the writer t to sy, You opin nol be eeting or wor express ul youve thought about the subject. So the first stage in writing your opinion happens in your head, while you get your ideas straight. Many of the best writers find it Uuselul to make notes of all their ideas before they start writing, Part 2 writing task Choose one of the inini-compositions A-E on pay ges 69-70, and develop it into a full-length magazine article (about 250 words) pep oneezie }) using The Importance of Not Being Task bank: Tasks 13, 14 and 18 Consumer reviews ‘A When reviewing a consumer product, whether for . publication in a ma in atelier toa end, tis necessary to ook a ho product's bed pots 38 wl ass good points What dogs tis product do, end hal does ict do? What advantages of one particular dictionary? Are there any ways 1.0 other dictionaries are preferable? a tn this review of a new car: what is the function of the first sentence? ‘what does the rest of the frst paragraph do? ‘what does the second paragraph do? ‘There are ovo schools of thought about multi-purpose Crities vehicles (MPVs) suc itsubishi Space Wager disiniss them asm With no sound technical merit, Why waste cnergy’ pushing a tall, van-like body through the air when a lighter. lower, more penclrating one is so much more efficient and stable? Why create space above your head where itis not wanted? ‘Advocates point to the loly MPV's down-to-carth advantages. You get a better (and safer) view ~ over hedges and blind brows, for instance. Sitting upright, the need for leg-strotching space is reduced. Versatility comes into the reckoning, too, especially when you ean squeeze a third row of seats into a vehicle that is no longer than a family 72 + Types of wntingReviews + Module 4B Modating your writing very closely on the Space Wagon review, use these ‘otes to wrile two paragraphs looking at the advantages and disadvantages of a ‘new mountain bike called the Lamia Anboto. Start your review. "There are two schools of thought aboul mountain bikes such as...” Against the Lamia Anbote ‘+ espensive (£400) + 21 gears: unnecessa igh surfaces andl potholes of city roads only in cities) clive to thieves, so . used . owners tempted into ty fashionable machine Film review ‘A Complete the review by writing the missing word in each gap. Use only one word for each space. The exercise begins with an example (0) B Ths film review is mainly the writer's opinion, but he never says ‘I’ or in my ‘opinion’. How does he convey such a strong opinion without using the first person? FILM REVIEW High Heels Pedro Almodovar, almost a national institution in Spain and certainly the only Spanish director ‘everybody knows, comes up with a nasty surprise in High Heels. (0)__This__is that he's no longer capable of surprising us. There are, (1)____._. moments in his ‘new film, (2) hhas made a mountain of pesetas in Spain, when things happen @) — 2fe, to say the least, odd. ) as when Victoria Abril, as a television newscaster, announces the murder of her husband on the box, calmly adding that its she who is the culprit ‘Almodovar’ film is stylish, garishly decorated, and dressed with great and fashion-conscious aplomb. It is (5)__ equipped with a Feal capacity to allow its two splendid stars to display (6)__ acting and other assets, But it doesn’t exactly roll along in the oO, fluent way as Women On The Verge OF A Nervous Breakdown, (8). ___ does it contain the frissons of Tie Me Up, Tie Me Down. (9), fact, itis not above a certain flatness in places and is distinctly (10), long. a, some funny jibes at the media and some suitably eccentric minor Characters, this is a melodrama that not only lacks real emotion but, dare one say it, (12). hasnt a lot of real flair. ts (13), worth seeing: Almodovar would have to grow a different skin actually to be dull. (14)_ the inspiration isn’t (15), any means consistently there, and it shows in the film's slightly disorganized and spray-gun approach, “Types of writing * 73,Unit 4 + Giving your opinion In a fickle world, one cert mnains. Every year at this i p returns to the Albert Hall for a dozen shows sold out months In advanee. (1). ccautl easily became a 605) annual report from that reliable trading company, Clapton PLC. @), WW hegan as, expected, then developed into an extraordinary, emotional blend of the tragic and triumphant. Ve and his hand strolled on in immaculute grey suits and Duttoned-mp shirts, with only the 74 + Types of writing Concert review A. Six sentences have been removed from this extract from a review of a ‘concert. Match the gaps (1-6) with the sentences (A-H) given below. Note that two of the suggested sentences do not fit at all, B_How many words can you find which show how the writer feels without him needing to say ‘In my opinion’? dark granny gl Ray Cooper prov this wasn't a meet of pereussionist fing a clue that jug of smart city ‘My Father’s Eyes’ had speed, atlick and melody that was almost welcome as defence against the excentives. (5) Not anguished, — thanghtful real songs, any of them, but the (5) His Tinger- picking was rolling and slick, now swith a Spanish edge, ht the “The Circus Le Town times almost unbearably pai This wasn’t a blues but a fament with the personal heartfelt intensity of a great blues, and it quite literal playing was tight and the guitar solos as effortless and perfectly crafted as eve @), Clapton has had- more publicity for his paint private life than his mnsic. since he last played here, as he acknowledged with three songs about the death of his four-year-old son, (The review continues) A. But them he sat down and switched to acoustic gv 1 They kicked off wit sven thes et touts ine the entrances, and ‘Crossroads’ is the encore. E What a change from those wild days of the: F Bot the frst night this year was unforgettable, G Iu fact, it's one of my favourite songs. 11 Suddenly, the noisily soporifc, ewy going mnood changed. Writing a book review ‘A This review of the novel Heat and Dust is spolled by a number of weaknesses. Underline examples of where the writer fails to follow each of the numbered pieces of advice given below. 1. White for the reader. ‘Always bear in mind who you are writing for. f you're writing for a magazine, think of the kind of people who read that particular magazine. A book review is intended for people who have not read the book, so don't assume that your readers already know the story. Don't talk about yoursel When giving your opinion, whether in a review or elsewhere, be careful not to fall into the trap of talking about yourselt. Try to be objective. One way of testing for objectivity is to check your writing for the words /, me, my, myself. Similarly, phrases such as in my opinion, to my mind, | think should be used as tle as possible; any more than once in the first paragraph and once in the last, and your review seems to focus on yourself, not your subject 8. Write in an impersonal style. Many students spoil their articles and reviews by writing in a chatty, informal style as if they were talking to a friend. On the contrary, essays, arlcles andHeat and Dust, by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala “A writer of genius ... a writer of world class ~ a master storyteller...” it says on the dustjacket. Can they really be talking about the same writer, the same hook? Personally. | ‘can't see what distinguishes Heat ‘And Dust from any of those cheap romantic novels that you get at railway stations. ‘What on carth is so remarkable about the story of a bored expatriate who leaves a dull husband for someone richer, more intelligent and totally exotie? In my opinion, if Shahvala was really a good writer she would have written instead about 4 much more interesting phenomenon, the typical colonial Roviows « reviews should be relatively impersonal. Your readers are not particularly interested in you: they need information, description and narrative more than they need your opinion. Finally, you don’ know your reader, s0 be careful about using the word you. 4 Use precise, descriptive vocabulary. Generalizations such as This book is boring communicate very lltle to the reader. Specific observations and concrele facts, on the other hand, help the eader to share your experiance. If you have slrong feelings about your subject, this should make your writing more interesting ~ but be carefull Strong feelings must be given form and coldly translated into precise words, who clings absurdly to the behaviour, traditians and even dress of his mother country. Alternatively, Olivia could have really “gone native’ instead of just being seduced by a Nawab with a Rolls-Royce, an Alfa Romeo and an intimate knowledge of the best hotels of Paris and London. ‘The plot too is corny: the idea of someone retracing someone clse’s life, and then (surprise, surprise!) finding parallel events happening in their own lives. Thousands of writers have used this device, and to much better effect. So what makes Jhabvala such a great writer? It can't be her prose, surely, which is quite horing. The words ‘heat’ and ‘dust’ appear frequently, but f for one ly never get any impression of hheat or dust don't know ahout you, but the impression # get is of a very Iiterary, upper-class woman sitting at her typewriter drinking tca. Finally, what really annoys me personally about this book is the ‘writer's morality. You can see she's a romantic and a moralist: she looks down on her narrator wi patronizing attitude, and paints a degrading picture of modern love by giving her narrator a kind of abject promiscuity in the place of a love life. And ineredibly. the message of the hook seems to he that the best thing that can happen to a woman ~ even an unmarried woman, without a boyfriend, travelling ahroad ~ is 10 et preguant. I'm sorry, but if you think that, you're living in another world. B Rewrite the last 26 lines from ‘it can't be hor prose . ..', bearing in mind the four paragraphs of advice. Writing Part 2 writing tasks Module 48 ‘A A friend of yours is thinking of buying a consumer item (e.g. a personal stereo, a bicycle, a tennis racket, a pair of shoes, a musical instrument, an English dictionary). Your friend knows that you have one, and writes to you asking if the ‘one you have is @ good model to buy, or whether you would advise them to choose a different mode. Write your reply in about 125 words, B A Bish friend of yours is studying your language. Using a satelite dish, they are capable of receiving TV programmes from your country. Write a letter of about 250 words recommending two programmes your friend should watch to help improve their language, bearing in mind that your friend's level in your language is about the same as your level in English. Task bank: Tasks 16, 42, 43 and 44 Types ol writing = 75Unit 4» Giving your opinion 76 * Types of writing Reed Writing advice — to friends, or in a magazine — is another opportunity to express an opinion. But what distinguishes this from most of the other writing in this unit is thal you are offen writing on a person-to-person basis. Unlike in the argument and the review, the writer addresses the reader as you - and the reader is often just one indivie Problem page ‘The following advice was printed on Ihe ‘Problem page’ of a women’s magazine, in response to a reader's letter. Study the advice, and decide what the reader's problem is. In a partnership where hoth of you expect to do well. success almost never comes for two people at the same time. You are at the ‘enucial breakthrough stage of your career. so it’s only natural to feel unsure. Your boyfriend must also be feeling vulnerable as he is building his carcer. too, No matter how accept intellectually that ‘women are entitled to succeed. it can stil be hard for them when we puish Talk this over honestly preciscly what is bothering him, Reassure Advice structures fhim of your confidence in him and remind ‘him, to, that i's much better to be with a successful woman than with a dissa ‘one, Make sure he new prosperity in the form of fun so that he sees a tangible reward for his loyal support, Then give him time to adjust. But don't let his problem of confidence undermine you. If he can’t cope with a woman who makes money. you may have to look for someone who can, When giving advice, a range of structures may be used. Some of them are ‘stronger than others ~ Do this! ~ whereas others are more tenlative suggestions = I wonder if you've ever considered doing this. Your choice ot structure should suit the situation rather than just your strength of character. Two of the following are particularly strong and should only be addressed, in moments of anger and frustration, to a close friend or relative. Grade the advice structures on a scale of 1-5: 1 for very weak or tentative: 6 for aggressive or authoritarian, i recommend that you join the army. bb Is not for ine to say, of course but 1 don’t suppose you've ever considered Jooking into the possibility of © Twonder if you've ever tho You inust join the army © Perhaps you could join t adviee is to join th 4 Well, what do you think yon stu You pathetic wonn! Ifyon hal i [think you'd be wise to J I strongly recommend th K Join the army. LT really th joined the a about joining the army 1k that you should joi you stopped Feet ld do? erat c. yor join the ari join the ary you join the army. the anny. ry for yourself, got off your backside anclPersonal advice * Module 4C Giving advice ‘Someone has a problem, and asks us for advice. But note that this gives us neither a licence to run that person's life nor an opporlunity to talk about Ourselves and how we solve our own problems. The best advice comes not from ‘someone who has all the answers, but from someone who has listened with care ‘and empatty to the other person's problem. ‘A Work in a group of four and read the letters below. 1 Discuss each problem, Do you fully understand it? What do you know, and what can you guess about the writer? 2. Discuss the possible solutions, 3 Decide what advice structures you would use. 8 Each write an answer to a different one of the letters. is Task bank: Tasks 17, 18 and 32 | GSRSeEEoes \ El This may sor seem 1o be a problem. sas but my flatmate is too tidy. She arruges cans so the labels all fee = the way and straighiens the a bathroom mat eve e mother is the s: hours cleanin do not abject to working over Tam: prepared to put iu the get on. But fram the nd ironing whe 3. Him not untidy, but this i she visi hard to e with, the most important items until ve late aRternaon. As the most juniar person in the department, 1 feel Powerless t0 change things. EB} How can t make my danghter se how unaveeptable her boythicud is? Everyone comments on his sees in him. He fooks haven and with long. air, He's unemploy. inal record. My daugh 18, has had eve she's ever’ jothing. ANler lent resiths at college, she now 200d jab with prospects. the two years she’s been going lv with this boy, she’s dropped her own friends and only sees who are much older. We've pointed out to her th different lifestyles, bul to no avail. We live in an exclusive part of town ‘and my hushand is a company director. | don’C want to tell my daughter not to see this hay again as I'm afraid she may leave home. Please advise me, = ree will stand me in good stead, but I want to give | up. [know that this meas | will have wasted the last year, and could | of higher education, Bat why should I strugele om to please my parents? | All want to do is start work, | nv. Types of writing + 77PEorLe AND PLACES Describing people Describing places page 79 page 83 Warm up: register exercise Read the descriptions (A-G), then match them with the contexts (1-7) from which they were taken, tr fete, darkcyed and pale, havea ‘nervy mobility; her voice, ike that of many dancers. gives the false Impression of breathlessness, She ss wth her long kegs Aisprsed beneath her and tums her hands as she speaks My English teacher, Miss P. Wynne, terrified all of us. But she had great presence. She never smiled ‘and hadn't the slightest interest in popularity or even In getting to know us. There was total silence for every lesson. These lessons were inspired. She Could take a poem and have us. a class of grubby fourteen-yearolds, completely entranced. Attheend of the room. bonneer about ees iis lnules, He did't wear clip-on hows like Joek Modesto, just grey slacks al a green polo shirt thal wale hisbieeps squeeze ot froin the sleeves ke apps in ho constrictor, On the edge of his jaw was an old ribbed sear colour of bad hamburger. For one thing. she hadn't expected him to be so tall six fet suggested all sharp angles and hollow checks as if h enough food. His hair was very dark, almost black, ht wiry thickness tamed by a stylish eut. Bit he med. The photograph look ike a suave sophisticate, but Tiffany had only to look into those nse the sava 78 + Types of writing The taller boy was aged about 13 and5 ft Lintall, dark, straight’ hai clean-looking and very pale with brown eyes, blick eyehrows, a long nose and a long face. He was wearing a light-coloured three-quarter-length jacket with no belt, und his trousers were a dark colour. His companion looked younger, and was about 4 £9 in. He was chubhy but not overweight, with a rounded, cherub-like, flat face and a smali nose. His hair was very short and dirty. He was wearing. im with short, . He was I am very pleased with the way Jane's character has been developing. There has been no recurrence of the antisocial behaviour of her frst year; she is now integrating well and showing a lot more consideration for her peers. She has been very much involved in the Music Department and we believe that, even While her tastes in music remain surprising, her interest in music deserves to be encouraged and supported. fg {<2 commend Andrea's motivation and participation in her English studies. She is a bright, pleasant, hurd= working student whose attendance, punctuality and homewark are excellent. She would undoubiedly have a lot to contribute on a university course, A detective st A crime report in a newspaper A reference (written by a teacher, to support a college application) A school report A tnagzine article A newspaper profile (an article about a person, ‘based on an interview) A romantic novel wie ausDescribing people» Module SA Erne) A checklist of details to mention Age She was ta her late teens: he eas in his carly tienties; she teas about thirty yours old his twelve-year-old sons a middle-aged roman; a man in his mid sixties Height ight is more useful than I, short or wwerage height, Use either f), metres or fect andl inches (12 Tin5=4f11in 1m 60=5f In7025it7in 1ms025 1 Nin Build Plump. corpulent, ocerrceight, muscular, athletic, powerful, stocky, chunky, Iroad-shouldered skinny, slim long-legeed, loosecimbed avcell-butlt mana woman of medium, average, nora build Hair length, style and colour (normally: He's got long curly black hair. She's got eopper-colonred hennaed hair that comes don to her waist, and which she often tcears tied with a scarf, uanging loosely doren her back, that order) and colour: eyebrows and eyelashes My attacker had stall round grey es. le's gat astonishing bright blue eyes an long dark: dashes You could deseribe the light in someone's eyes: sparkling, ng, flashing, brilliant ako deseribe eyes in a way that may be a comment cold grey eyes; calm, dreaany jer: Inulsice sift, corre eyes Clothes Deseribing someone's clothes is some he rest of the uljectives (see rage 41) yon could n of the garment, its age, shape, colon, orig nil make (usualy in that order). «romantic lowcut crimson satin Laura Ashley ccening dress Face along thin face teith narrow lips and high cheekbones ca round face with a tittle turned-up nose and clubby pak checks ‘bald man, with a huge forehead and wo chin «a pretty fuce with suull regular features and a pointed chin te, pale, tanned, suntanned, Oriental, dark, black a smooth complexion, a pale complesion, a dark complesion lear skin, greasy skin. a spolly face, a fresh-faced youth glasses, sear, heard, bir mole, weooden ley, tattoo speech : stulter, staumer. lisp, deep voice, a squeaky voice Character Some aspects of people's character are also pat of their physical appearance, betrayed in their expressions or the way they move, jumpy. highly-strung, anxious ‘self-assured, confident, determined self-satisfied, arrogant cheerful, relaxed, sociable, aggressive, sensual Impression Ie nked ikea football hooligan; Kean Rees, He looked as if he tcasweaiting, for someen She might hace beew a stude he seemed very confused. 1 got the impression that the child was his accomplice. Types of writing + 79Unit § * People and places 1.0 Model This description of laundrymen in Mali, West Africa, doesn't describe any Individual person, but gives a lot of specific detall. ‘A Complete the description by writing the missing words in the gaps. The ‘exercise begins with an example (0). How many of the categories in the checkist on page 79 can you recognize? The Laundrymen of Bamako One thing that had struck many of the travelers throughout the Bambara area was the muscular symmetry of the men’s bodies. 1@), jad somethi their task... 4). de of them (5). ‘upper bodies tapering (6), skin was very dark, almost blac got swinging wet shirts (7), the same Supple muscularity they had had a hundred years ago (9) @). Beyond them | (10). wide-shouldered bodies (11). they stood in their log canoes pulling at bryshwood tangled in the grass of a small island close (12) the bank, cout (14). ccept (13). 80 + Types of writing read over and (1). i like ‘As the oarsmen drove their canoés through the surging current one could not help admiring the strength of biceps and shoulders, (2) gave the dark bodies a kind of rude poetry (3), the incongruity of the work they were ig, the men’s bodies had this kind of wiry strength. Most the grass, the scene resembled the exaggerated romance of (15)__ _ 19th century engraving from a travel book again they leaned into tall and wide-shouldered, thi thin waists. Their tong. The exercise they the stones gave warriors. see the same lean, _ boatmen as all that laundry spread Writing practice You were involved in a shipwreck, and your life was saved by another survivor who kept you alive in the water. When you come out of hospital, you want to find your rescuer and thank them, but you realize that you don't even know the Person's name. A joumaiist offers to help you find them: write the description you give to the journalist (about 75 words).Describing people + Module SA 2.0 Describing someone in a picture ‘You can make a description more interesting by going beyond the surface of the picture. You might speculate about some of these ideas. © What are t + Wh: attract doing + Where was the photo * Who is this person? (C doing? Wat hae th to do? What are they thinking abou (or picture painted)? Wh acter, job, soc to this pieinre /1o this person? Da yon find them the picture? Why? Here is a description of one of the pictures on this page. a Underline the phrases where the writer is speculating about the picture: the phrases where the writer is looking for the story behind the two- dimensional image. b Find the paragraphs that describe the writer’s personal reaction to the picture. Why do these paragraphs come at this stage of the description? & Now wrile your own description of one of the other two photographs. Ws a black and white photograph of a man holding a trumpet. He's holding it as if he's just waiting for the moment to raise it to his lips. Both the man and the trumpet look like they're old, worn and used: the man’s face is very lined and wrinkled, while the enamel is flaking off the trumpet. It’s very hard to guess the man’s exact age, but | would say he was in his late fitics, carly sixties, Judging by his clothes, he's probably a jazz musician: Ne's wearing an open shirt and a ‘smart hut casual’ sports jacket. The open shirt reveals a strong neck which appears weather-beaten, as if the man had spent all his life in the sun, We can’t see the lower hall of his body: apart from his head and shoulders, we can only sce his hands. The fingers are surprisingly thick and strong, in contrast to the bony, rather haggard face. The photo scemis to have been taken during a concert: to judge by his tight lips and open mouth he is either just about to play or he could be singing, though we can't sce a microphone. The sweat-soaked strands of hair across his forchead and left car imply that he is on stage and hasn't posed for this photo, ‘There is a lot of atmosphere, thanks to the way the light has caught the lines on the musician's face. This face and this expression - is he suffering, or is he enraptured? - is, for me, the Jace of an old man retelling the finest and most tragic moments of his life. T wish we could hear the mu Types of writing » 81Unit § + People and places Formative years This extract Is from a magazine article taken from a series where people write about someone who has been influential in their life. Notice the writer’s use of physical description: how does this contribute to the description of the new headmaster's personaity? Notice, too. that the writer tells stories, which are much more interesting than generalizations. # Does the story remind yon of anything in your life? + Ifnot, how has your experience of teachers heen dil Apart from teachers (and parents), who bas had the most inflnence: on ne fo? The N@W & cas remember my heen circulating. 3s they do in schools and he Headmaster first sight of Dr Hughes; caught a giel with it, Her name was Amanda vas on the assembly Eyans.The whole school was assembled, and he hall stage. He swept in brought her up on stage by her ear, with the with his big blick gown behind him.This guy poem in his other hind. andl he held it out a if meant business, He looked at us all, stared a_i was covered in filth, He humiliated the is silently for quitea few minutes. [remember front of us, turned her round, showed us this it clearly, thatt i combed straight back with Brylc how it was creature. It was such a humiliating form of m.He had punishment;and we were all guilty, that was the vicious eyebrows, crucl, tight mouth,a sharp worst thing, Ifwe'd all siid we'd read it, would nose. as though it had been specially formed we all have been punished? J wish J had dared to make at sting at the end of it,and he was so stand up in that hall The girl was expelled and dark that he always looked illshaven. I was her life was totally crushed by that, intimiclited by his very appearance. He cin the school with iron authority of a One event in his first week put the fear of calibre that was much more than the average God imo us. There was a dirty poem that had could take. We lived in fear of this man, 2.2 Writing Part 2 writing tasks, ‘A ABritish magazine runs a regular feature called "Heroes and Vilains’. Each ‘week, someone writes about either a person they very much admire or, on the contrary, a person thay detest or despise. The people written about may be either dead or alive, famous people or personal friends of the writer, so long as the writer can show why they are elther a ‘hero’ or a ‘villain’ ‘Your local English-language magazine (or school magazine) has decided to adopt the same feature, and has invited readers to submit their articles of about 250 words. Write your article. B You're on holiday. and in the past few days you've met two people, both of whom have made a strong impression on you = one positive, the other negative, Write a letter to a Iriend of yours, telling about these two people (about 250 words). Task bank: Tasks 11, 12, 19, 20, 21 and 22 82 + Types of writing| Describing places + Module 58 5B_ Describing places Varying your sentences A Prepositions of position (behind, in front of, next to) can be very useful when describing a scene, but they are not the only way to describe spatial relationships. You can improve your writing by using a variety of structures. Compare these two descriptions. There isa ¢ welin to the river, ‘The river flows down ps and helow the church th othe church, ther ikes nround the Tast houses in the village. Alter the last house in the village before houses there are Belds, the cutting across the fields towards distance the: luke. Th at lake surrounded hy trees. trees all round the Take. . 1 Is there any difference between the two scenes described? 2 What structures are repeated in the first text? ‘8 Which feature of the landscape is the ‘organizing principle’ of the second text? 4 What replaces prepositions of place in the second text? B Inthis description, the writer describes Officer B's cabin and the other facilties on a transatlantic cargo ship, Tlis cabin was a roomy studio apartment furnished with book- cases, a refrigerator, a kingsized bed. a comfortable sofa, a long desk of varnished pine, a cabinet lor drinks and glasses, a colle table and his ‘own lavatory and show: Just down the hall, Officer B could swim in the hei y half’ an hour on the squash court, work out in the gyrt and ‘open his por una, before showing up in the officers’ Bar and Lounge, where Scotch was 10p a gkiss, and where a mevy film was shown on the video at 8.15 cach cd pool, put in inthe This excellent and economical description is written in two sentences. 1 Are the two sentences structured in the same way? 2 Why are there no prepositions of place in the first sentence? 3 What does the second sentence have in common with the sentence ‘beginning The river flows down past a church . . 4 Is the writer trying to tell us that Officer B is an athletic fim-lover with a taste for strong drink? How do we know the second sentence is not a narrative? Writing practice A Using as your model the example above beginning The river flows down past a. church write a description, in two sentences. of a landscape organized around something (an animal, a vehicle, the rain, etc.) moving across the landscape. B Using as your model the ‘Officer B' text, write a two-sentence description of a Place where you once stayed on holiday. In the first sentence you could, for example, describe your room, and in the second other facilities. Make sure your description does not sound like a narrative. Types of writing + 83Unit 5 + People and places: Precision This description of a room comes from a detective story set in ancient China. AS 0 often in murder mysteries, the descriotion of the scene of the crime needs to be clear and precise: it holds a ciue which will eventualy solve the crime. (This is, a ‘locked room’ mystery, There is no apparent way the murderer could have entered the room, or left. Nevertheless. the victim was murdered, with poison.) ‘A Read the description and draw a plan of the room. At the same time. try 10 ‘guess how the murder was committed. 1.2 Judge Dee opened the door. Holding his lantern high, he surveyed the small square room, simply but elegantly furnished, On the left was a high narrow window; directly in front of it stood a heavy ebony cupboard, bearing a large copper tea stove. On the stove stood @ round pewter pan for boiling the tea water. Next to the stove he saw a small teapot of ‘exquisite blue and white porcelain. The rest of the wall was entirely taken up by bookshelves, as was the wall opposite. The back wall had a low broad window; its paper panes were scrupulously clean, In front of the window stood an antique desk of rosewood with three drawers in elther end, and a comfortable armchair, also of rosewood and covered with a red satin cushion, The desk was emply but for two copper candlestick B How is the description organized? In what order are the features of the room ‘mentioned? From left to right? Clockwise? By reference 10 a key feature? © The detailed description begins, On the left was... directly in front of... Undertine the other prepositional phrases and the olher occasions where was ‘and there was are used. D Where the waiter doesn't use prepositions, what alternative structures are used? Underline them. (For example. rather than an top of the cupboard there was a tea stove he uses the word bearing.) Simiary, the writer doesn't rely on there was lo lst the contents of the room, Underfine the alternative structures used, such as stood. Writing practice ‘As an exercise to develop your ability to write an interesting, ively description, use what you have learned in this module to write a description (about 150 words) of Vincent Van Gogh's bedroom in Avies filustrated here), To make the exercise more challenging, don’t use the same Viewpoint as the painter. Instead, imagine you're. ‘ooking in through the window. Write your description as il, lke the Judge Dee description, i ‘came irom a piece of fiction = either iterature, dtective fiction or romantic fiction, 84 « Types of wring2.0 Describing places » Module 5B Guide books A In this text, from a travel guide 10 Morocco, the writer describes some of the places in Meknés that a tourist might like to visit. The function of the text is 10 recommend (on the basis of the writer's opinions) and to inform, Read through the text and choose the best phrase or sentence, aiven below, to fi each of the gaps. Write one letter (A-K) in each gap, Some of the suggested ‘answers do not fit at all, The exercise begins with an example (0). Meknés The focus of the old city is the massive gate of Bab el Mansour, the main entrance 10 Moulay Asmail’s 17th century Imperial City. The gate is exceptionally well preserved and is highly decorated, with (faded) zellij tiles and inscriptions which run right across the top. ‘The gate faces onto the Place el Hedi ()__B__ this square is the Dar Jamai, a palace builtin the lite 19th century which has recently been turned into a very good museum. ), museums housed in historic buildings, the building itself is as interesting the exhibits. The domed reception room ‘upstairs is fully furnished in the style of the ime. complete with plush rugs and cushions, Its open daily. except Tuesday, from Sam to 12 noon and 3pm to 6pm. Entry casts Dr 3, ‘The medina proper stretches away to the north behind the Dar Jamai. The most convenient avevss is through the arch to the left of the Dar nevertheless, worth a visit and you won't be hassled by “guides’, (3) are the earpet souks, which are just off to the left of the main medina streets, about five minutes walk trom Dar Jamai. (4)____ Meas is not a bad place, as the shopkeepers are a little bit more relaxed than elsewhere. Bargains are still ts rare as hen’s teeth, but at least the bargaining starts at a reasonable level. Further along the covered main street is the Bou Inania Medressa, (5)__it was built in the mid 14th century. 11 is not all that conspicuous apart from the dome over the street, which is easy to spot. It has the same Jayout,and features as the Fes medressi ©), you are allowed up onto the roof, as it has all been restored at one time or nother. The Bou Inania Medressa is open daily trom 9am to 12 noon nd 3pm to 6pm. Entry costs Dr 3. A One of the most original F Like the one ofthe s Fes, B On the fur north side of G Eyow are looking for rugs to bu, © Most interesting, perhaps, 11 Thongh nowhen near 1D Somewhere in that direction J tntsome ways, I suppose FE Asisoltentheexsein K Lesabont the only one where B Look again at the content of the Meknés text. Which of the folowing does the writer mention? Why only these? ©) layont, geo d) fe ©) population (size. rice 1) soci ) theat cinemas, live ning and origins of the city = Jabs, polities) hy) restinrants, hotels, discos, 4) opening times amd admission charges J) publie transport Ii) places to wate or phiy sports 1) sounds, stnells. temperatures m)shopping advice 1) what not to do, where not to 40 ngage) C Ifyou were to write a very brief tourist guide to your town, what would you include? Use the headings in B to help you choose the mos! important information, Types of writing + 85Unit 5 + People and places 86 + ‘Types of writing Atmosphere This dramatic description of New York harbour, taken from a travel book by Jonathan Raban entitled Hunting Mr Heartbreak, evokes an atmosphere - a very Module 8C Having deleted everything irrelevant, put the remaining elements in a suitable ‘order and arrange them in paragraphs. Compare your paragraph plan with the one suggested in the key an page 159. 8 Vocabulary In this type of task. itis particulary important to distinguish between facts (which are known) and suspicions, accusations, etc. There are a number of words that can be used (0 achieve this, whether in the form of a verb. an acjective or an adverb. The stranger appeared to he an American, My friend's apparent incolcement in drugesmungeling. Apparently, the stranger ticked my friend ‘Supply the adjectival and adverbial forms in the table below. Verh Adjective Adverb to appear Apparent apparently: to suspect suspected - toscem - to pres o suppose =! toalloge to be certain C Writing Write your statement (about 250 words), Task bank: Tasks 10, 28 and 37 Task types + 1211 (rst paragraph missing) 2 There was a sudden flowering of new acting talent; there were neve writers and directors, there was an outbreak of amovies that looked, sharply and witty, at aspects of British workingyclass Ue that ld sitely been explored before. Files were churned out in remarkable numbers - 76 of them in 1968, for ‘esample, compared with the annual 25 ‘oF so that we ean manage these days. 2. Helore the 1960s British se10rs were, oF anyway had 10 appear to be, middle- ‘chiss unless they were content (0 play servants or provide comic relief. But now this was no longer true, and we savy the burgeoning of stars from other sectors of society, people like Michael Caine and Terence Stamp. Along, with them came an energetic generation of directors and writers to introduce strong elements of social consciousness into [itish films. 122 + Task types ARTICLES AND REVIEWS ‘A Openings and closings B Reviews page 122 page 128 ‘At least one of the tasks in Paper 2 can be expected to involve writing for publication. Such tasks include an article, a review and a piece of writing for a ‘competition, all or publication in an English-language magazine. The publication is sometimes described not as a magazine but as a newspaper, or sometimes as ‘a newsletter (a thin, home-made magazine, sont to members of a club or society). Aways read the instructions for the task carefully 10 get a clear idea of who you are writing for, Other writing tasks for publication include artiles for guide books and tourist brochures, and leaflets and information sheets: these are all dealt with in Unit 10. 9A_ Openings and closings Model The following article appeared in the Radio Times magazine, to introduce a TV ‘season of British fims from the 1960s. The first and last peragreph have been removed. Read the article, then choose the best frst paragraph and last paragraph trom those printed opposite, Make sure that the opening, the text and the closing all it together. 4 The great flury of activity that such, people provoked brought its anistie rewanls. Darling, for instance, won Oscars for its star, Julie: Chrisie, John believe me, optimism, confidence and euphoria. ran high Uniil the very end of the decade when, all st once, the whole house of cards collapsed, 5 What we had failed 10 realize this apparent rebinh of the British film indusiry was funced almost entirely by American money. And though the movies did pretty well in and ere great respected througout the world, they fared rather bac eee ae aed office 6 Some filins succeeded there, of course ~ Darling anal Tom Jones among. them, 10 sy nothing of the James Bond pictures. which appree Generally retums were less than the bean counters hhad expected. 7 Allin all, then, hacking Britain had not been a very lucrative venture for the Mollywood studios, and in the end they withdrew their financial suppor, Teaving us 10 reflect ruefully tht wh Inidl once seemed! a new awakening Wa afterall no more than a fie dawn, 2 The cinema here Ins never really recovered! from that setback, True, the ‘60s unearthed a rich crop of peopl many of whom are still around, but British money way forthcoming to make up for the loss of Americin backing, and so the indigenous movie incusiry Dewan its slide towards the somy state we see today. 8 (asst paragraph missing)Openings and closings + Module 9A Openings (first paragraph) A Teas at some time near the Americans stopped inwvestin nd th industry. A, making then, B The 1960s were, from the British fik nd vet, in the end, close to being the worst of times as well to look briefly at the the 1960s enjayed a Hl the end of the: decade, when the Americans ceased to invest in the _rtile wll go ou to look at the © “ils collapse ofthe Industry point of view. the hest of times © The parpose of this article ‘way in whieh British cinema renaissance which continued industry. Th negative effect that as hal up to the present clay. nd of the ¥. we are onk out a third of the munber of films we were the conch anany good films were made, acting Aassles’ profession other hand, the decade ‘good time for the British fi it he “90s we and fewer mo cdl to he good for the til the wes of the decade: d morale was high. On the uled with the collapse of hi has never recovered. in peehaps the “60s were not such a inlustry ave been making fewer Fortunately, many. in Britat British dlirectars are very suecessfil in the USA. and British televis to9 is a success, hoth connnercially turned out to be a fool's paradise. 11 Don't talk about yourself You're writing for the public, not for your Iriends. Your opinions are only interesting if you can explain them, justify them, or make them ‘entertaining. Be interesting. People don’t buy magazines in order to be bored. If your article isn't interesting, they won't read it ~ and the magazine won't publish ‘your writing again, To he interesting, you should: © give your article a gous ttle, © start with a good opening. ‘© use concrete images and fact not concepts and generalizations, © use precise and interesting vocabulary, © surprise the reader ~ or at least say something new. @ know when to finish - and finish style Remember who you're writing for Who reads this magazine? How old are they? What nationality? What do they already know about the subject of the article, and what will you need to explain? What are you trying to achieve? Are you trying to persuade the reader to do something? Ta inform? To advise? To recommend? To entertain? Or a combination of these? Layout Your article should normally have a title and he written in paragraphs. Some magazine anicles include lists = lists of instructions, lists of “tips or advice - which require a graphic layout such as that used in ‘Be interesting’ ahove. Note also the use of subtitles on this page and in certain magazine articles. Organization and planning ‘Try to say just one thing in a 250-word article. Make notes, then summarize what you want 10 say in one sentence. You could write a plan based on that one sentence; the rest of the article would explain and illustrate what you want to say. Writing for magazines: things to remember Relevance Make sure that your article is relevant to the title, and that ‘everything within the artiele is relevant to your main idea. Length 1a magazine or an English exam asks for ‘about 250 words’, don’ write 500, The magazine wouldn't print the artile: the examiner may only read the first half of it, and you will certainly be penalised, perhaps severely Accuracy and libel Don't present opinions. guesses and rumours as if they were facts. Such cearelessmess, apart from making ‘your article inaccurate, ‘untrustworthy and valueless, can also be illegal when printed magazine. Distinguish between fact and rumour by adding a simple word or phrase: the alleged ‘murderer, the suspected mafioso, Ye heard it said that... there is a rumour that. the minister is said to have / rumoured to have / supposed to have taken bribes. Task types + 123Unit 9 + Articles and reviews 2.0 Openings ‘A Which of these eight openings would you choose to begin an article entitled “Openings and Closings of Magazine Articles"? ‘The ‘opening is the beginning ofa piece of writing (either the first sentence or the first paragraph): the ‘closing is the way the piece of writing ends (the last sentence, or the last paragraph). shawop bam boom! 7 )-be-doo-wa, upto pias ragazine article starts? Does it matier how a rm a ‘To light a Tire, take a few big logs and a box of matches. Strike a mateh aud the logs will easily Later, when the fire Is burnt smaller wood, which must be very dry. Finally, for a big blaze that will last all evening, throw a small twist of paper on top of the Is that how to light a fre? OF course not. Yet how few writers start their articles with the “twist of paper’, the inflammable opening that would bring it to life! tled "Be ‘The essay begins “Ihe British essayist Hilaire Belloc knew if anyone dic, how t© egin amd how 10 end an essay > once wrote that “To begin at the begin stop writing. Only writers can finish? B Purpose ‘The opening of a magazine article has one or more purposes, is, next to inc and Peters essay with an epigram of their own:‘Anyone can a Two students of mine used to be great rivals at s, bul recently Laura has become too good for her rival. ‘The only difference is my service’, she confided in me. ‘Helena’s service is so predictable that { can always return it, But mine Is now stronger and more varied. She never knows what to expect.’ The service in tennis hasa similar role to the opening of a piece of writing - and many writers could ‘improve their game’ by developing a range of different openings ‘This article is about how to begin and how to end u piece of writing. By There are at least 15 different ways of beginning ‘a magazine article, and a good dozen ways of ending. Not all of them are possible in every style of writing, but the ability to choose interesting ‘and appropriate openings and closings is a very useful skill for a writer to have. wthoritative work Writing Prose, a nnings and Closings’, ‘just take the hom out of your mouth.’ This was Miles Davis's advice to a fellow jazz musician who didn’t seem to know how to end his lengthy solos. But when you want to end a piece of writing, is it enough to ‘Just put your pen down’? who descending ‘order of importance. to cate readers’ * to tell readers what the * to tell readers what the artic * totell readers how ke them want to read the rest ticle is going to be abot (die topic). Is going to say (the content), article is going to be organized (Uh structure). 11 Which of the openings in A best achieves the firs! purpose? (in other words, ‘which one would you most want to read?) 2 Do any of the openings leave you in doubt about the topic of the article? 3 Which of the openings gives you the clearest idea of what the writer is going to say and how he article is going to be organized? 124 » Task types‘Openings and closings * Module 9A © Nine ways of opening an article 1. Maich the openings 1-8 in A with the following categories a-i, Some of the categories may have more than one example; others may have none, aA surprising fact, perhaps ig statistics, A nurpriving, shocking or bizarre statement. The realer keeps reading out of curiosity: how are yo going to continue? Do you really believe that? What con earth are you talking about? © A question, ‘this helps to define the subject of a piece of writing, Ut also st readers thinking about the subject, making therm want to read what you Tuave tosay. dA quotation © Asstory that illustrates what you are going to sa subject itself it may be a story abomt another to ‘common with the subject of your article, £ A statement of the topie. The statement mentions what the topic is, ancl often summarizes what yon are going to say. This opening is often the key to ization and paragraphing of the artile. & A definition of the topic (sometimes a dictionary definition). This opening may he appropriate, bnt is one of the least interesting, hi A description or image that evokes a suitable atmosphere or syinbolizes the Tanay be a story about the it has sometl i Areference to « well-known phrase from literate an allusion or ‘rewritten’ quotation, song, 2 proverb, et 2 Here are five more openings, all of them introducing an anticle on the same subject. What subject? As Mark Twain might have put it, reports of the 1s 6.00 in the evening and Jason has just cooked dinuer for death of the family have boen greatly exaggerated. two. He's siting in the kitchen, waiting. He's had a long day. He got up at 7.30, ate breakfast alone, did the washing-up_ mo ‘and made his hed. ‘le still hadn't seen or spoken to Jane Smith is a junkie because both her parents anybody when he left home at 8.30. Juson is 12 years old. are in the police force. She hed problems at He's waiting for his dad to come homte from work, school, but when she got home she found no one to talk to, The day she broke up with her boyfriend, both her parents wore working late. Jane's porents WELForly years ago, 75% of wives in Brithin were were never there when she wanted them. If they housewives’ whose husbands were working: (ody had been, would she have needed to turn to drugs? only 20% of British families fit this model, What factors have led to this change, and what effect has it had! on society, in particular the upt {n theory women are free, yet everywhere they are still children? domestic chains. 8 Match these openings to the categories a-i above. 4 Which of the openings 1-13 use quotations or direct speech? Would these ‘openings be just 25 good without the quotations or direct speech? 5 Some of the openings (¢.9. 8) only use words and ideas. Would you agree that itis more interesting to use images and pictures? Which openings do this, and which of them is most successful? Task types * 125Unit 9 + Aricies and reviews 126 + Task types D Writing practice Ata time when many people are taking exams, your college's English-language newsletter invites you to submit a 250-word article on the subject of exams. Are they useful? Are they necessary? Do exams help students to study, or do they ‘obstruct a student's wider education? Do Not Write the Article. Just write two openings for your article, of no more than two sentences each a) a very bad one, 80 that no one will read beyond the opening ) a very good one, so that everyone will want to read the rest of your article Task bank: Task 38 Closings ‘A piece of writing is ike a fim: a weak or unsatisfying ending spoils all the good things that went before. The ending of a good fm gives you a feeling of satisfaction. The fim feels whole, complete. How do we always recognize the end of the film before the words THE ENO come up on the screen? What signals does the film give out to tellus it is finishing? What makes a flr fee! complete? Think of the plot, the musical score and the images. Referring to specific fims you have seen, how many different kinds of ending can you think of? A Six ways of closing an article 1 Return to the beginning: a conclusion paraphrasing the opening, or a the imagery or words of the opening. A Summary or conclusion ‘An Image / picture, symbolizing the (dawn. birth), 6 Asshort sentence to sign intention to finish, The closing of a piece of writing is also often signalled by certain linking words: Allin all; then: fo sume np. There is a ist on page 23. ud (sunset, death) ora new begi break with what went before, or to indicate the B Examples Here is the opening of an article attacking education. T don’t believe in education. 1n most cases it does more harm, than good. In the words of Oscar Wilde, “Ignorance is like a delicate exotic fruit — touch it, and the bloom is gone.”Openings and closings * Module 9A Here are some possible closings for the same article. Match them with the six different types of closing referred to on page 126. Some of the closings (a-g) ‘may ilustrate more than one of the categories (1-6); some of the categories may be illustrated by more than one closing. a z a They say that education promotes civilized To quote from the soug by Pink Hyd, Teacher! Leave values, tolerance and understanding. They _ those kids alone!” say that education opens the doors to ‘appiness and success. Education, as I have Fi is i shown, does precious litte of this. Schoo! willace miner tue saha the by af eNSiorne ayer ieee will be a minority interest, rather like the hobby of growing stunted bonsai trees. A new generation will Spring up. « virgin rainforest bearing the exotic fruit of oO ~ blissful ignorance. Jn short, its high time we questioned the law requiring all ehildren to be educated, This law is an abuse of 9 a Coe ene eer In the light of all this evidence, who could stil believe an in education? Who but an educated fool? No, do not believe in education. BB As the poet so rightly says, ‘Where ignorance is, Dliss, ‘tis folly to be wise.” ¢ Practice This is the opening of an article. Choosing from the six ways of closing an article, write two diferent closings. You will have to imagina the five short paragraphs. that haven't been written “The best things in life are free,’ they used to say, but for most of 11s having fim usually means spending money: yet, even in a city, there are at least five ways you cant en yourself without putting your hand in your pocket. 2.2 Writing Using the opening given at the top of the page and one of the seven closings above, write an article attacking education. Your article shiould have four or five paragraphs. and be about 250 words long. Alternatively, write an article defending education, using your own opening and closing. The article is for publication in the magazine of your school, university or language school. Task bank: Tasks 14, 15, 39 and 40 Task types = 127Unit 9 + Anicies and reviews 428 + Task types lg Magazines and newspapers publish a wide range of reviews, covering all the arts as well as other areas. Most reviews have two functions: description and information on the one hand, judgement, opinions and recoinmendations on the other. Reviews are generally based on the following structure. 1 The subject ofthe review i tified, with all the essential infornnatic (What? Who? Where? Wh her in the heading or ws of the review, or both, description amd aay ms. A review of at hook or fil should summarize the plot, telling the story in te present tense. Dut shonld not reveal the ending. 3. Aconclusion in which the reviewer mnakes either a recomnencdtion ment ort Reviews - punctuating and writing conclusions Capital letters Capital letters are used for the first letter of every word in the title of a film, book, play, opera, record, etc. The only words that do not have to start ‘with a capital are small words like a, the, of, to, when they come in the middle of the title: you can write either The Discreet Charm Of The Bourgeoisie or The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie. Inverted Commas In handwriting, it around the tile. Have you seen ‘The Jungle Book? Brackets When teling the story of a fim or play, are you going o use the names Of the actors / actresses or the names of the characters they portray? thy retunus to his wife and son in rural Tennessee after fil is whether Sommershy rs ago. is hoon so great that many people wonder whether rsh postor, Laurel, too, is hewildered hy her rediscovered husband, who see ton good to be trie, + Ina film review, Gere and Foster could be written instead of the names of the characters. This is not done in theatre reviews. necessary to put inverted commes Practice ‘These are all conclusions of fim reviews. Punctuate them. 1 this i a fla for every age enjoyed julie andrews like your thrillers ly recommended for all those who tor you o is essential viewing ws diverse snd tuneful Il ery yunll love every second of sleep! who cares the mnost tedious of road movie {o the end of the road shot dea hy cynical detective eddie mars clint eastwood ‘the ewe people in the & ended fa insomniac 6 overall however the filins faults do not spoil king well served hy an intense seript and fine performances from its eastReviews + Module 9B 1.4 Book review ‘Some lines in this review have one unnecessary word. Delete it and write it in the margin, Some lines are correct. Indicate each of these ines with a tick (¥). The exercise begins with two examples (0). Katharina Hedinger’s Chrixtanax Cookbook (Goose Press) © Chiristmas is coming soon with all its secrets, fest © traditional dishes. Right on time, Goose Press hae p 1 Katharina Hedingyr’s smptuously illustrated hook, 2 many a suggestions for the preparation of gifts, 3 foo Ah ease, step-by-step instructions anid detailed ists of —— 4 ingredients are given, snaking Christmas preparations easy even for the beginner. 5 ‘The frst chapter, “Early Preparations’ starts with explain all the - 6 cpatred abont tivo months before Chiristinas, _ 7 such as homemacle gifts, emeles, wrapping paper and Christmas puddings. 8 In the second hand chapter. Countdown to Christmas’, Hedingor 9 lescribws how to make decorations that need with fresh ingredients 10. such as leaves, twigs and Mlowers, Here you will also have find ML ns on env to get decorate the tree. ‘The list chapter = "Last = ‘concentrates on all sorts of gift rs 13 wrappings, special Christmas dishes and tible of decorations. 14. You will enjoy read vellously illustrated hook and as nn 15 yon enjoy Christn worth at the price of £12.99, i = 16 ws preparation for Christias into an art form, — ice book, mannal biography. autobiography, history, refer novel, short story. play, best-seller, sequel 2, plot. clin, theme Genre romantic novel, detective story, science fiction, spy story, tiller Teebnical paperback, hardback. cover, chapters, illustrations, preface People nnacelis playreright, biographer, author. writer, poet, editor, publisher ‘You may also need to write reviews about music, These follow the same structure. Music reviews Chassic concert, recital, chamber symphony orchestra, concert hall opera house Rock concert, lice performance, gig ea baud, blues hand, ovck ban, folk gromp. pop group Bad music “sharp, lt, out of tune, discordant, tuneless, inaudible, out of time Recordings C1 (compact dise), video disc, cassette, single, album Task types » 129Unit 9 Howard’s End ‘The partnership of James Ivory, has been making films for almost 30 ye: seklom munaged a more successful litermy tation iA + Afticles end reviews 1.2 nt, produ But (0), pieces (3), Mercha A. f best ~ beaut t-Ivory t of those elegant p which the is famous (the book written in 1910) and ts their Film review Complete the review by writing the missing words in the gaps. Use only one word for each space. The exercise begins with an example (0). rector, and Ismail has that of E, M. Forster adaptation, following Room With A View (5). Maurice. {is 3 ul 10 look (6), iso their subtly scripted by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, the novelist (7). collaborator, and acted with panache by a 130 + ed cast, Task types is their regular Film reviews Types of film People ‘Veehnical Narr ‘Theatre reviews Shows People Roles Words Things Organization ion is). story of wo Schlegels are cultured and liberal, the prosperous and conventional, Its thenre eoncems the breaking ()__ of barrices between people who find it imps to understand (10)____ other in. norm! circumstances, Emma Thompson and Helena Bonham Caner play the «wo Schlegel sisters whove fates become inextricably finked with (2D. —_ of Mr 1 Mes Wileox (Anthony Hopkins sind Vanessa Redgrave). Helen (Bonham Caren) falls in love «2p their son: Margaret (Thompson) is efriended by Mrs Wilcox and. 3) she dies, marries Mr Wilcox. TW performance nukes its mark. James Wilby, Prunella Scales and Samuel West are also involved, but it is Hopkins, (14, the puritinical Wilcox, (15)______ heart is softened by Margaret, who is most nota feature film, documentary, bor office success failure, ‘lockluster, art movie, Uiviller, Wester, horrar fll. comedy (romantic, black), cartoon, love story director, producer, cameraman, east, actor [actress (the lead, sar, costar), ‘camerawork, camera angles. on location, in the strat, subtitled, dubbed, screenplay. seript, soundiruck, spectal effects, stants storyline (plot), final scene, climax, flashback play, tragedy, comely, farce, musical, cabaret, ballet, Imedera dance director, set designer. castuine designer, stage manager. ‘audience, prima ballerina, principal dancer. choreographer the title rote, a leading part, « walk-on part a speech, a monologue / soliloquy, dialogue sage, scenery, hackstage, bax office ‘The curtain rises on Act 1 Scene the end — the final curtain. it falls at th Television reviews Programmes curtent affairs, nature programine. the meaes. a documentary, an educational programme. « soap opera, situation comedy, drama, ume shone, chat show, cariety shone, children’s programmesSTIR CRAZY 31 Camden High St, London. Oxford Di iG or Stir Crazy, dit heatl, The have been while wa theme, the incredibly b tio ne pr ight the slightly balding manager "Mook off his clue that he might cirenlation For a (0)_G_. But perhaps the tacky cartoons on a duck Reviews + Module 9B Restaurant review Restaurant reviews use the same structure. ‘A Read the review and choose the best phrase given below Lo fil each of the blanks. Write one letter (A-w) in each gap (1-6). The exercise begins with an exampl (0). sleeve: a A Mat, semni- has got Mongolia r hry circular hotplate the size of a small | crispness, is really tnsty and for sofa adorns (f)___. Diners pick | some reason feels healthy. The up a bow! aud choose raw starters (all £1.75) are mediocre, ingredients from the bulfe but (4)__. Dave's mum makes bamboo shoots, chick peas, the paneakes with h mushrooms, pineapple and ice eream, The cherries are Hpeppers lle adjacent to (2), sweet, the vanilla ice cream is as good as Hafigen-Duzs aud (5), ‘There's something to be said Tor picking raw ingredients, seeing You pick and mix ~ a blacklor thea eaaked before you and recommends what goes with what | (6). Whut Dave lacks in taste nnd Dave slaps the selection onto | e's matic up for in common seuse. the barhe He's given something back to the n've gol as diners of Cauiden. He's empowered il down custs £4.95, while £8.05 | the people. m A the back of the restanrant B that sort of thing the restaurant's glaringly D carrying them hack to your table E more than balf'as much F the desserts are something else G finely sliced raw bee and chicken, prawns ancl fish: HL unlimited servings 1 the pancakes are fresh feel sleepy. B Read the review again then answer these questions. 1. Why do you think the restaurant is called ‘Stir Crazy’ i the phrase means ‘mad trom being in prison’? 2 What kind of opening and what kind of closing does the reviewer use? 3 How does she express her opinions without using the words / or me? Writing Part 2 writing task For an English-language magazine for students in your country, write a review ot ‘one of the following (about 250 words). Make use of the three models you have just studied. a book (elther fiction or non-fiction) that you have read recently a fim, play. dance performance or other show that you have seen recently 2 restaurant where you have eaten recently a record or CD you have heard recently Task bank: Tasks 16, 42, 43 and 44 Task types + 131Pustic INFORMATION page 132 page 135 Leaflets, brochures and information sheets Tourism Dek RS MLL Coho Leaflets and brochures are printed documents, usually ilustrated, distributed free. Their functions can include commercial advertising, persuasion (political, relgious, ‘8tc)) and information. Brochures tend to be thicker, hight illustrated booklets. Leaflets are often single sheets of paper, olten folded in three, with a balance of text and ilustrations. Information sheets are also usually single sheets of paper, not folded, with few oF no itustrations. ‘The word handout can refer to a leaflet or an information sheet. For the purposes of the exam, you are not required to illustrate your work. In real fle, however, ilustrations and diagrams can, of course, be very appropriate, 1.0 Model A Read this model information sheet and choose the best phrase given below it to fillin each of the blanks. Write one letter (A-L) in the gaps. Some of the suggested answers do not tit at all, The exercise begins with an example (0). ie HOMEOPATHY is an effective and scientific Hippocrates two thousand years earlier, he system of healing which assists the natural tendency of the body to heal itself. It recognizes that all symptanss of ill health are expressions of disharmony (0)_B_, and that it is the patient who needs treatment not the disease. DIRT In 1796 a German doctor, Samuel Hahnemann, discovered a different approach to the cure of the sick which he called homeopathy (from the Greek words meaning ‘similar suffering’). Like 182 + Task types realized that there were two ways (1)___. the way of opposites and the way of similars. Take, for example, a case of insomnia. The way of opposites is to treat this hy giving a drug (2 _. This frequently involves the use of large or regular doses of drugs which can sometimes cause side-clfects or athliction. The way of similars, the homeopathic way, (3]____ a minute dose of a substance which in large doses causes sleeplessness in a healthy person. Surprisingly, this will enable the patientto sleep naturally. Because of the minute dosage, effects or addict result co Homeopathic remedies work by stimul: body's own healing power. This power is very great (4)___, but when the healing process is Faulty, hlocked, or slow, the homeopathic remedy acts as a stimulus to the curative powers of the body. To provide this stimulus, your homeopath must prescribe (5)____ the right dosage for you. a CIE In order to find the right remedy, your homeopath will want to know all about you. You will be asked many questions about yourself as well as your illness (6) both present and past. The initial consultation will probably last an hour or more, G the right D holore or after E some people compl to ge the patient Leaflets, brochures and information sheets * Module 10A Your homeopath will give you a remedy, often in the form of pills which should be allowed to dissolve under the tongue. Nothing clse should be put in the mouth for at least 20 minutes (7|____. not even toothpaste or cigarettes. After taking the remedy, you should notice some changes. For instance, (8) your symptoms appear worse for a short time, This is the remedy taking effect. and you should feel the beginnings of recovery when this perfod has passed, Alternatively, patients often experience a period of exceptional well-being and optimism. 2 fat in J toachieve the desired effect K and also about the hes net B What was the purpose of the homeopathy information sheet? Who do you think the target reader i Task types + ‘and where would the information sheet be distributed? 133Unit 10. + Public information 134 + Task types How to write a leaflet A This advice is written and set out in the manner of a leaflet. How to write a leaflet What makes a good leaflet? ‘A good leaflet is one thal makes people waut to pick it up and ist look good. + TITLE AND HEADINGS - give your leaflet an ey break the tohing dane anaedeeeerie wi sap opcic tel UME X'T ~ short and light; av long blocks «f prose. + LETTERING - headings and titles should be BIG ai + LAYOUT - sho swith items either nu HES. y, complex senter atu Lists cam be presented in columns, ered or marked, as here, with an asterisk, Before you write Make sure you know who ¥ Are you try + to sell them something? + to persuade them lo do samething? + lo warm them about something? re writing the leaflet for, a d_ writing ‘everything you want to include. Group these ideas into section: Give each section a heading: reject a 1 Write dow 2 4 Decide on the order of the sections. 5 6 7 ideas that dow't fit. ‘Think ofa good title (ar do this at the end ~ but leave spa Write. Check a 1 revise, Ifyou have time, rewrite. B Thisiis the text of an appeal by the British charity War on Want, which ‘campaigns against world poverty. Copy the text, punctualing il and adopting the layout of a leaflet, h considering how to promote unive it to develop me when the world comn an rights war on w anew nt war on want believes that it is tine cailtural and economic rights alongside its will never exist while onc in three of people worldwide are: wil See ee Liter alticare means every year 40 million children worldwide never see their first birthday S0% of all siclness and disease is die to tnsafe water and sanitation globally £1.5, fon ars and armies for nore infor War on Want. F London SEI DYU1.2 Tourism + Module 10B Writing Part 2 writing task Next year, for the first time, a large group of English-speaking people will be joining your school / college / workplace for one year. On behalf of the students / workers, write an information sheet (about 250 words) that welcomes them and tells them briefly something about the organization and the facililies it has to offer. Include some advice about how they can best fit in and enjoy their stay. Task bank: Task 45 tS Writing for a tourist brochure A A tourist brochure combines information with advertising. The brochure informs tourists about a town or region, but above all it aims to persuade tourists to come and, when they have come, to enjoy themselves (and spend their money). Which of these two texts is the introduction to a tourist brochure? Welcome to Oxford ee & Oxford has many old buildings (in one square mile, there are ‘over 900) but no tall monuments from which you can sco the whole city. ‘The University consists of 95 colleges in different parts of the town, Many good bits of architecture, as well as the entrances to some of the colleges, may be hard to find. Welcome to Oxford spread amidst a tangle of 35 different colleges and halls in various parts of the city centre, Many periods of English history ate impressively documented in Oxford's streets, houses, colleges and chapels. ‘Within one square mile alone, the city has more than 900 uildings of architectural or historical interest. For the visitor this presents @ challenge - there is no single building that dominates Oxford, no famous fortress or huge cathedral that will give you a short-cut view of the city. Even ‘Oxford's famous University is side by side with shops and offices, Nor does Oxford flaunt its treasures; behind department stores lurk grand Palladian doorways or half-hidden crannies ‘of medieval architecture. The ‘entrance to a college may be tucked down a narrow alleyway, ‘nd even then is unlikely to be ignposted. persevere, and you will be ‘amply rewarded... ‘a What is the difference between the first and the second text? 'b Does the second text include any facts that are absent in the first text? © Whyis the second text so much longer than the first? Task types + 135Unit 10.» Public information B Now read the following text, welcoming visitors to Rovaniemi (in Finland, on the Arctic Circle) and rewrite it in a purely factual style ~ that is, in the style of the first Oxlord text. The Warm Embrace of the North ‘vashelire spot among hills and rivers nestles ight ofthe sand te Northem Lights listenin Rovaniemi. A place to rekax in contentment; the pure white snov, Eren throughout the winter Fewer the hills of Ounasvaaea and Korkalovaara, darkness, nature cares for its children, enclosed by the rivers Onnasjoki and Kerijoki, ‘What is thereto be found in the shelter ofthese Close tothe heart of Mother Nature Jills bythe murmuring streams, right i the hear The couninside around Roranint releases cof nature? Elects, tral, the bustle uf people, seam, or redens the cheeks inthe winter fst the Laughter of children the greetings of fiends At the height of summer the sun shines, sultry, for -Aneexpressive, vital city and its inhudhitants bid whole month, and the neverending ight you welcome, Rosaniemi offers you place in confuses night with day, Towards Ch itshean. Rovaniemi ~ a winter ronderland 136 * Task typesounow Toursm + Module 108 Making the most of your region A In most lines of the text, there is either a spelling or a punctuation error. For each numbered line 1-15, write the correctly spelt words or show the correct ‘Punctuation in the margin. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick(v}. The exercise begins with three examples (0). Welcome to the Landes! A limitless coast Seventy sun drenched | freedo les of fine sand. Wide-open spaces of m Peaceful freshwater lakes for the e1 lt resorts in perfect Tie evast of the Landes, siarrounding landscape. All the emotions find new to the festival Likewise, in the numeraus ‘of Uhe Landes, the hospitality o the ancient traditions, Space for action The open spaces. for acti ve everything for those who are coan offers surfboard ea cours singed by the best architects. And the ‘countless forest paths. invite the visitor to explore te forest on foot or by bieyete A culture to savour In the Landes, culture cau be found at every turning The marks of History are to he seen and felt at the heart of each town and village, of the culture fs enhanced as the frace of the ‘ocean, the calm off the Adour river and the tranquillity of the forest mingle together in a barnonions landscape. B Who was this leaflet produced by? Who was it written for? What is its purpose? fn what ways is it different from the homeopathy information sheel on page 1327 (Think of the grammar the sentence structure, and the choice of vocabulary.) Task types » 137Unit 10. * Pubic information 1.2 Word formation Use the words in the box to the right of the text to form one word that fits in the same numbered space in the text. Write the new word in the correct box below the text, The exercise begins with an example (0). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 0 DEPEND 1 CULTURE: “the nation of Trinidad and Tohago nestles close by the coast af South Aimer Beene ther the frst among Caribbean islands, othe lst word, (0)... on you digeetion Once part of the mainland, these islands decidel they wanted their osm identity and 3 SWEEP drifted north. Geological, they remained as exotic as Brazil. (1). they: he % | CONT | ily spanned by plane and ferry. 5 CULTURE J nid the lager the nce, from the moxmtains | ofthe Northern Kange, tothe (2)... pling, to the sot, geen hills of the south 6 EUROPE dlvwn to 7 RACE a Toterant | | sity, Name a people, and they?re probably hire, (4) .. creating n descendants dominate the 9 NATURE i yo have a very special ble = ofa a EN | is’ The Land of the F place known, : earliest times, 11 SLAVE ‘Two histories, one destiny n spirits Linger at Ci ater ac for the and Cocorite, “Trinida itself, spied in 1498. The (10) sananido and Port of Spain. F a n 1789, gave ns Sams Souet, Blanchissen 44 POPULATE With the evil of 1D) -. tured (12) ... were branght to Trinidad, predominantly from India. As the irrepressible African and Indian 18 DECIDE influences permeated, modern Trinidad was horn, British rife gave us towns called ts (13)... into the richest sugar 12 LABOUR 13 DEVELOP. sna bg the ok 2M 16 COMBINE ‘Tobago's biographty, too, is toll by arhorough, Plyionth and Roshorongh, whik 15 DECIDE island in the Caribbean Ied to a modern (14) ... of mustly African descent, vas the inspired (15) .. ofa Betish bureanenat that created the magie (16) ...we | SS are blessed with today: ‘Thus, i nidad and Tobago gained 17 DEPEND (17) fron Britain in 1962, and 138 + Task typesTourism + Module 10B 0} depending 9 1 10 2 WwW 3 12 = 13 5 14 6 18 [7 | 16 8 7 Writing Your local tourist board produces an eight-page brochure which presents your town (or region} to English-speaking tourists. The brochure comprises eight sections, each of 250 words. 1A general introduction to the town, mentioning one or two key fe above all describing the whole town in very positive te 2 A ‘walking tour’ — a guided tone following a route around the town and poi ‘out some of the m d places of interest. This section may inchide architectural infor nat 8 Hotels, restaurants, pubs, discos and clubs ~ x brief guide to necommodat and ente . The Ants are nol mentioned inthis seetion. 4 The Performing Aris ~ a briel 5 The Visual Arts ~ a brief guide to muscu 6 ms and cusstoms that the tourist can enjor. Jocal people, either historical or living ~ a brief article summarizing the person's life, achievements and contribntion to the town. d employment ~ a brief article written for two purposes: fo pa nexlern tawn which is thriving economically amd! not just liv past; to attract industry and investment ta the tow Task 1 Write section 1 (a general introduction). Task 2 Write one other section. Glass activity Produce the whole brochure. You may think of alternatives to the above pian. you are studying in Britain, research and then write the brochure for the town / region / country you are studying in. Your target readers are foreign students ‘coming to study there, like you in the future, Task bank: Tasks 7 and 46 the Task types + 189"Task BANK Task 1 ‘You saw a car leaving the scene of a crime at high ‘speed. You got a good view of the car, but you saw neither the number plate nor the people inside. The police have asked you to write a description of the car. ‘White 100-150 words. Task 2 ‘An English-language magazine is running a series entitled The Eye of the Beholder. Each week an article is. published in which a reader describes an object or a work of art that they find particularly beautiful In the articles that have been published so far, the writers have juded a physical descriotion of the object before giving a personal commentary on why they find the object beautiful. Write about 250 words. Task 3 You have arranged a house (or flat) exchange with someone from New Zealand. This means that, for the ‘month of July, you wil be living in their home in New Zealand, and they will be living in your home. “The Now Zeolanders have just written to you, teling you everything you need to know alsout the house you will be staying in (including the plumbing problems, and how to tum off the water supply in an emergency; the broken washing machine, and where to find the laundrette; the cat, what il eats and where il hides; the local shops and facilities), Reply, in about 250 words, teling the New Zealanders what they need to know about your house. Task 4 You are on holiday and next week some fiends are coming to join you, but you are nol staying where you hhad expected to be, as you have found somewhere much better. Wrile a short letter to your friends, (about 250 words) teling them that you have moved and persuading them that you have made a good choice. Then explain where they will find you, giving them instructions how to get there by public transport. Task 5 ‘An American couple, frends of friends of yours, will be passing through your town one day next July. You wil be ‘away on holiday when they come, out nevertheless you 140 have promised to write them a brief guided tour, They are only planning to be in your town from mid morning to early evening, so they just want to see a few of the most interesting sights, have lunch somewhere and maybe a ‘coffee or a drink later. You have never met them before, their names are Walter and Phylis and they are in their early thirties. In about 250 words, write the couple a letter in which you give them directions for a guided tour, of your city / town / vilage. Task 6 For a young people's English-language magazine in your country, write an article of about 250 words giving advice _on the following subject: Healthy eating: some sensible advice for teenagers Task 7 People in your country are frequently upset by the behaviour of some tourists. Tourists sometimes do things that are acceptable in their country, but shock, surprise ‘offend in your country; conversely, they sometimes fail {o do things that in your society they are expected to do. ‘Your local tourist office asks you to produce a sheet of advice addressed to English-speaking tourists giving them advice on how to behave in your country. Write the sheet of advice, suggesting what the tourists should and ‘should not do if they wish to be well received in your ‘country. Write about 250 words. Task 8 For an educational magazine aimed at 16-18 year olds in Britain, describe either the educational or the political system in your country (250 words). Task 9 ‘An English-speaking friend ving in your country, impressed by the amount of enjoyment you get out of ‘your favourite sport (and possibly by your skill and success), has decided to take up the same sport. A complete beginner, your friend writes asking you to ‘explain the rules / techniques of the sport, where to do it ‘and who with, to detail all the necessary equipment and to give any other advice that may be appropriate. Write fetter answering your friend's request (250 words).Task 10 ‘AS a resull of a misunderstanding, you were arrested by the potice (either in your own country or abroad) and kept prisoner for three days. You have a friend who is a lawyer. Wrile a letter to your frend (about 250 words), describing exactly what happened — why you were arrested, and how you were treated by the police - and, asking if you are entitled to any kind of apology or ‘compensation. Task 11 ‘A local English-language magazine runs a regular feature entitled No One Is An istand in which readers are invited to describe a relationship that has been important in their life. Write an article (about 250 words) for publication in this series Task 12 For the English-language edition of a tourist guide to ‘your town / region, write the ife story (about 250 words) of one of the famous people associated with your town / region. Task 13 ‘An American national newspaper has invited people from around the world to write an ‘open lelter’ to the President of the United States, for publication in the newspaper. Write your letter (about 250 words). ‘© The content and style of your letters let very opan hore, ging you alot of scope to demonstrate your skills and creathty, To ‘succeed in ths task you shouid waite a letter thatthe people who buy the newspaper would enjoy reading. You might criticize the President, or you might praia him, More constructively, you ‘might deaw his attention to one or more ofthe many ways in ‘which he could use is immense power to make the world a better place, Ave there any injustices in the world, or treats to the future of the world, that you would Ike him to do something about? Task 14 NO JOKING MATTER! Unemployment is increasing throughout the developed world, and its effect on individuals and families can be tragic. Do you havea solution tothe problem of unemployment? Consider the causes of unemployment, and how work could be beter shared ‘Write an article about 250 words) ented Solon tothe Problem of Unemployment PS. Magazine will publish the hest anicle received. Task 15, ‘The problem of famine in the Third World is ever present = but easily forgotten from the comior of our homes. What should we be doing as individuals to help the people who are dying of hunger? What should our governments be doing? Write an article of about 250 ‘words for your school magazine. Task 16 For your school magazine, write a review (250 words) of the worst film, concert or TV programme you have seen recently, © You have a 900d reputation 2s a cic, and you all maintain this reputation by offering a balenced jucigement. Mention the positive points as well as the negative aspecis, and justly your opinions. Task 17 You have just received the folowing leter from a 19- year-old friend who is working in New Zealand. Write a reply to her letter (about 250 words). Help! I need your advice! Things with Gary Just got worse and worse, and Tim not going out with him any more. | cans believe | came all this way Just to be near himl The trouble is, 1m still working in his parents’ factory. so | still see him most days, and he always makes sarcastic, hurtful comments. Ive been offered two other Jobs, one in a bar and the other in a pharmaceutical factory. But as you know, | don't approve of drinking ‘or drugs, 90 | turned them both down. Oh yes, one more job offer (much more interesting!) | met a man who I looking for crew to eail around the Facific in his yacht. But I haven't seen him again. f ‘Anyway, without Gary and hie friends | don's know anybody here. I never go out ary more, but spend my evenings at home thinking of the good times we all had together last summer had 60 wanted to explore these islands, the ‘mountains, the beaches, the Maori culture. But tha dream has gone now, together with my hopes of improving my spoken English (I hope you don’t mind my practising my written English on you, by the way), There are only two reasons why | haven't come home already. First, Im having trouble changing the date of my fight. And second, | haven't really got a lot to go back to: when I came out here | had to give y ‘and my flat, and it cost me all my savings. fa fsa vite and tel me what | should dol Your advice would bring a ray of sunshine into my confused life! Love, Anita 141Task bank Task 18a You are sharing a flat with two other people, and the ‘arrangement isn't working very well. Write a letter 10 a friend (about 250 words) describing some of the problems you are having with your two flatmates and asking for advice on how to improve things. Task 18b Exchange letters with another student. Reply to your friend's letter (about 250 words). Task 19 Just before setting off by train on a foreign holiday, you see someone leave a bag underneath a bench in the railway station. The following day, you learn that a bomb, exploded in the station at about that time. You feel itis just possible, though very unlikely, that the bomb was in the bag you Saw being left under the bench = in which case, you also saw the terrorist who planted the bomb, and would be able to describe them to the police. You vwrile a letter to the police describing what you saw. Don't write the whole letter. Write only your description Cf the person who left the bag, the bag itself, and the location of the bench, (About 150 words.) Task 20 Your good triend Alex is flying to Britain, and will be picked up by another friend of yours {who lives there). ‘The two have never met, but Alex has a photo of the one in Britain; unfortunately, you haven't got a photo of Alex. So write the description of Alex that you send to your friend in Britain in order to help them find each other at the airport. (About 100 words.) Task 21 1 Competition: P.S, Magazine W' ADinner Party 1 could invite any wo famous people tO vite st yer house one night sho would OU choose? The people may be dead or ative, from history or from fiction. 2 Say why you choose these people & You may also brielly discuss your plans for the ev en ENGTIS about 250 words : YE son exh ps cer fr for atthe restaurant of your choice 142 Task 22 You are either a private detective, a secret agent, a political extremist or an outlaw. One of your contacts needs to get a false passport made, in a hurry. You know that there is only one person in town who can do it, This person can always be found ata certain time in a certain bar, and will be prepared to negotiate the job with a stranger 80 long as they can give the password, Write a note for your contact, teling them where to 90, ‘when, how to recognize the forger, and the password. (Having written the note. you wil, of course, put the note inside a folded copy of the Herald Tribune, and throw the newspaper into the rubbish bin beside the park gates at midday precisely.) (About 150 words.) Task 23 ‘Write a magazine article that takes a critical look at your town as seen through the eyes of a dissatisfied tourist ‘Your article should be enjoyable to read, but make a umber of valid criticisms. © Suggested approaches: * Wile the article in the form of a ltter writen by a dissatisfied tourist. ‘+ We the ance in your own voice, ater hearing from dissatisfied tourist. Task 24 P.S. Magazine Competition: memories that take you back! ‘Our memories and dreains often return to 2 eutifal place we once visited ~ childhood memories of visits (0 a fam oF to the city adolescent settings of Bt romances, sl inemories of beaury spots, holidays in the mountains, beaches . . . In about 250 words, describe that place, and £.S, Magazine will take 2 you a £250 jected for cash prizs publication in our April edition. Task 25 You are on holiday and the place you have come to is extremely disappointing. An English-speaking friend of ‘yours is planning to come to the same place next month. ‘Write a letter to your friend (about 250 words), describing, the unsaiisfactory accommodation, amenities and facilities, and suggesting that they change their holiday plans.Task 26 ‘You spent last summer working on a fruit farm in England, The farmer, John Ambridge, has written to you asking you to come and work for him again next summer, this time as a ‘team leader’. You would like to accept the job, but only if he makes some improvements to the conditions. You have also received a letter from James, an Engiish boy you worked with fast summer who feels the same way as you do. Read the job advertisement below, and the extract (right) from James’ letter. Then, using the information given, write the letter and the note listed below. Jou apvnnseanxr LOOKING FOR A WORKING HOLIDAY IN BRITAIN? ‘Then spend July and August PICKING FRUIT at Archer Farm, Eveshaut FREE ACCOMMODATION in the “bunk house’ = ‘one donnitary for the boys, and one for th girly — with good w: ind cooking faci MINIMUM AGE 16, Fruit pickers are organised! in 3 teams of 6, each with a team leader, The team leader is responsible for the welfare of the younger members of the team. PAY is by pieee work: you are pa mount of fruit you pick. SOCIAL LIFE = meet ane work with people ‘your own age from all over the world. Your team leaders will help organize games and activities on rainy days, and there's a mi for excursions and cinem Wi PLUS ALL THE FRUIT YOU CAN EAT! according ‘Write (a) your reply to the farmer's letter mentioning the Points suggested by James (about 200 words). (6) a note to James that you include when you send him a copy of your letter to the farmer {about 0 words). ‘You must lay these out in an appropriate way but it is ot necessary to include addresses, Task bank FRRTRAGT mom Jastes’s usrTER +... Ljust got a letter from John Ambridge ~ | expect ‘you have too. He says he wants us both back again ext summer... These are the notes I've been making about the hinge I want to mention ~ | think it'l be really effective if you put the same things in your letter: ‘The bunk house: two cookers not enough for 18 people to cook on. We need 4 — & one more big fridge. One shower not enough ~ at least 2 needed (preferably 3) Social: mini-bus not working all last summer — must be repaired. More games and activities needed: disco in bunk house? table tennis for rainy days? volleyball? ‘Young people: too many aged 14 & 15 last ‘summer (you remember the problemsl) Minimum age 16 to be enforced if Im in charge of the litle darlings! ‘Actually, fd be really grateful if you sent me a copy of your letter ~ to make sure we're both asking for the same things, and also to help me write mine! Task 27 's there an English-speaker that you have offended at any time in the past, but you have never apologized to them? Did you ever do something wrong, and it's stil on your conscience today? Have you ever (accidentally or otherwise) caused problems for someone, and you WoUld lke 10 apologize to them? (With a partner) Explain to your partner exactly who you ‘would lke to apologize to, and for what. Your partner ‘must vate the letter for you; you wil write the letter your partner asks for. Then read the letters together and decide whether they are good enough apologies ~ and whether to send them! (Working alone) Write that letter of apology in Engiish. Kit two birds with one stone! Practise your writing at the ‘same lime as getting something off your chest! Task 28 ‘You were on holiday with a friend in the USA three weeks ago when your friend had his wallet siolen by a pickpocket. The two of you, obstructed by an old man, ‘chased after the thief, and finally your friend caught him, in a side-street, bringing him down by diving and catching his legs. Unfortunately, the thief was camying an ‘open knife in his trouser pocket which cut him when he 143Task bank fall. You were joined by a young American woman who had seen the robbery and called the police. You recovered the wallet from the thief’s pocket and waited for the police. The thief was taken to hospital, while you all went with the police to make a statement. This moming, you receive a letter from the American woman, Here is an extract from her letter. “.. Do you remember me? I'm Annie, the one who called the police when your friend had his wallet stolen. Anyway, Um writing to tell you that last week I reada letter in our local paper from that 919 man who saw your fiend catch the pickpocket, He obviously ‘misunderstood everything. These are the things he claims we did: 7 attack an innocent victim (three against one) + stab him in the leg + rob him of all his money + leave him to die. He even thinks I was an accomplice, when we'd never ven met before, He says were were seruffily dressed and ked like professional thieves. He reckons that tourists visit places to attack and steal before moving on. The trouble ig, now lots of people have been writing to the paper in support of his letter, complaining about orists. 10 be really grateful if you could write to the newspaper saying what really happened. Ine small sway, your letter would help fight against ignorance and prejudice.” ‘Write a letter to the newspaper setting the record straight (about 200 words) and an appropriate post-card to the ‘American woman (about 50 words) Task 29 ‘You are alone at home, waiting for your two English- speaking guests to come back with the shopping. When they arrive, you are going to show them how to prepare special meal that is traditional in your country. Suddenly the phone rings, and you are unexpectedly called out for ‘a couple of hours. Before you go out, write a note for your friends giving them instructions on how to cook the. meal you wera planning (including any necessary advice ‘on where to find everything necessary in your kitchen, and how to use your kitchen equipment), Write the note (100-200 words). Task 30 Last time you saw a friend, they did something that made you very angry. You haven't spoken to them since. Now, {wo months later. you're stil a bit angry but you want to renew your friendship. Write your friend a latter (about 144 250 words) that succeeds in both expressing your anger {and ensuring that your friend doesn't behave that way again) and renewing your friendship. Task 31 You are on holiday and you have discovered a wonderful place and a wonderful person, You want to stay in this place for the rest of your holiday, but you had promised to spend a week with an English-speaking friend of yours. Write a latter to your friend (about 250 words) describing the place you have discovered and the person you have met, and trying to persuade your friend to come and join you. Tell your friend what a cifficutt ‘choice you will have if they don't come to join you. At the same time. be cereful not to offend them. Task 32 Hore is an extract from a letter written to you by Shane, ‘an Australian friend who is at present ving in Britain: fae S Feit you moe a ove me YOU Fey ee rm in the position of bring SS pm three tninge ese, T coud renee eee cng professional footzalter ~ 0 eo Ooered o cenkzac. by Bristol ROWEE! Live Yee ise ey in the Fourth Division, tut Se ee cea srehare. Aleematively, T cuss TE riveraitys Z'vo aoc & place t© SUXiy ca oe ae Ualeestax, ond t would ont al aineeri 25 cubte wa to carpiete tne couse in eee fy thasa crmice 19 10 a2 wat #Y eee es onus me to do ~ to go Bock to AlSce {athe ee ap iran she (amily POLED CREE Serine Oe py avo Tike wo vo mary th Willard ee regex dune ana give vp all my our eed cry pe tell wont you think, girl) Oe Chower T choses 1m ure €0 loos the other wo opportunities. ‘Write your reply (about 250 wards). Task 33 You recently spent six months in an English-speaking ‘country working as an au-pair. Now a friend of yours vwants to go and work for the same family, The family have written to you asking it you think your friend would bbe suitable for the job. (The work involves child-minging {or three children aged 3, 6 and 8; some housework, including vacuuming and washing-up; and the choice of either gardening, cooking or walking the dog.) Write a letter to the tamily, recommending your friend, Your letter should be sufficiently positive to ensure that ‘your friend gets the job, but you should at least pretend to give a balanced judgement. Write about 150 words, of which about 100 words should be the ‘reference’.Task 34 The International Health Councils collecting information about eating habits around the world. They invite you to submit @ report of about 250 words to cover: ** the availabilty and affordability of fresh vegetables, ‘and meat in your area, ‘> the typical diet of people in your area and the factors (financial, seasonal, traditional, advertising, etc.) influencing that diet, f appropriate, this section should be subdivided to cover different social groups within ‘your society. * any observations you may have as to how people in ‘your area could take better advantage of the available Tesources to improve their diets, ‘Write your report. Task 35 ‘The British Centre is researching English language teaching in schools around the world. They already have information supplied by the teachers and management of schools, but recognize that this information is ony half the story. In order to obtain a more balanced picture of the schools, the British Centre invites all advanced ‘students to write a 250-word report on their school, AS an incentive, the Centre is offering study grants worth £2,000 each to the writers of the best three reports, Your report should cover al the relevant aspecis of your sschooVEnglish Department, from classrooms and {acities to teachers, management and methodology. ‘You should also mention what you perceive to be the strengths and weaknesses of your school. Task 36 ‘You work for a muitinational company whose head office is in an English-speaking country. Every year in the first week in July an intemational training week is held in different country from among the twelve countries where. the company operates. A total of 200 employees attend, {rom all 12 countries. Activities include lectures, seminars ‘and workshops, but recreation {including nightite, swimming. sightseeing, eating out, etc.) isin fact the most important aspect of the week, as selection to attend the week is seen as a reward for the company's ‘outstanding employees. Next year the training week is to be held in your country, but it remains to be decided in which city. You are asked to prepare a report on possible venues. Write the report {2bout 250 words) recommending two suitable locations. ‘and showing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Task 37 ‘Write a magazine report of 250 words deseribing a major Task bank disaster, either natural (fe, flood, earthquake, volcanic eruption), or man-made. You may write from experiance ‘or use your imagination, but the report is to be written as ‘an eye-witness account, Task 38 You have been invited to write a 250-word article for an Intemational English-language magazine in your country, The subject of the article is Television in my country today. The editor has asked you to: + give your article an interesting tite. * briefly summarize the TV channels available and the kind of programmes they show. + comment on the positive and negative effects of TV, whether on society or on the individual or both. * suggest ways in which TV programming could be improved in the future. 00 NOT WRITE THE ARTICLE. 1 Write three cifferent first paragraphs for the article, all ‘of them good. Each first paragraph should use a itferent kind of opening from the nine listed on page 125, 2 Write three cifferent titles for the article, to match the three openings. The tile, ike the opening, should do ‘wo things: Indicate the content of the article, and make people want to read it Task 39 Your local English-language magazine is running a series entitled Formative years. in which readers are invited to write about someone who had an important influence (for 00d or bad) on the way they grew up. Write your article (bout 250 words) (© Beware of sel-indulgence. The reader of the magazine doesn't know you. and probably doesn't want to hear about your teacher or your family unless you have something interesting to ‘ay about them. ln particu, try to sar your artic ina way that wall make the reader want 10 read more. Task 40 {In Britain, there is some debate about whether the Political system is a good example of democracy. For instance, there is a democratic body (‘The House of Commons’) elected to govern the country - but any decisions that the Commons make must be approved by an unelected body of aristocrats, bishops and former politicians (The House of Lords’) and also by the Queen, Similarly, the electoral system is sometimes criticised, as is the reluctance of the government to hold referendums. ‘As a contribution to this debate, a British newspaper has Invited you to submit. for its weekly supplement aimed at 17-18 year-olds, a 250-word article in which you describe your own country’s poitical system and 145,Task bank ‘comment on its strengths and weaknesses. Write the article, Task 41a For a young people's English-language magazine in your country, write an article giving advice on one of the following subjects: * How to make the most of your time as a student. "The best things in life are free’ five ways of enjoying lite for free. Task 41b For a national English-language magazine targeling the 18-36 age range, write an article glving advice on one of the following subjects: Things to remember when buying clothes: tips for, successful shopping. + How to succeed at work: tips for the office worker and the young executive. Task 42 ‘An English-language magazine Is running a series of articles in which famous people choose 3 records that they would take with them if they were going to spend the rest of ther life ving alone on a desert island. Some weeks. the article is written by someone who is not 0 famous. This week. it's your turn (f your article is interesting enough). Write the article (250 words) explaining which three records you would take, and why. © {til probably be more appropriate to toll Interesting storios ‘about your personal reasons for choosing the records than 10 ‘write the whole aicle ast you were a music cic. PSS. Magazine Writing Competition: Win a Free Holiday in the USA. a nes er you are going (© Inxigine thar nest summer you ae & / nd a month touring the U.S.A. You will be vedi with a friend. You don't want t0 extry gnuch hugggage so you decide that, apart from ny naps. dictionaries, granunars and religious Denke, you will tke just three books with you. ‘What books will yon take, and why? Write 250-word anicle for this magazine, ivering that question. The writer of the dricle we publish will win a holiday travelling around the USA, 146 Task 44 ‘An Australian media company is offering to donate 40 English-language videos to your school, for use in or out Of class, and also a scholarship for one student to study for a month in the States. in order to decide whal videos to send. the Australian company has invited every student in the school to choose two videos that they think would be interesting and suitable, and to write an alice of about 250 words explaining their choice. The videos should be of any feature fim, documentary or TV programme that you have seen: preferably they should have been made in English. The articles will be read by the representative of the Australian company, who will ssend 40 of the videos chosen and award the scholarship {o the writer of tho best article. The article itselt will be printed in the company’s magazine, in Australia. Write your article, Task 45 You are working at an international Summer Camp for children aged 12-16. Every member of staff has been put in charge of one sport or activity and asked to write a short leaflet in English introducing the children to the sporVactivily, describing the equipment, rules, techniques and safely procedures, and giving any ‘appropriate advice to beginners. You are lucky enough to be able to choose a sporv/activity that you know a fot about. Write the leaflet (about 250 words) Task 46 ‘A small travel company specializing in holidays for British people over 65 years old is planning to expand its ‘operation to include your country. You have been asked to help prepare the holiday brochure, Since many of the (id people may stil have an image of your country that they formed 20 or more years ago, you are asked to write a 250-word article for the brochure describing the ‘ways your country has improved as a place for tourists ‘© You wil probably aim to show, as far 6 possie, that your ‘counity has retaned al the positive qualities it used to have, lost any negative quattes, and created wonder new ‘epportuniies and faites for tourism. Task 47 You are going away on holiday for three weeks. You have a pet animal at home, and a friend of yours is going to look after it while you're away. You don't get a chance to see your friend personally before you go away, $0 you write a set of instructions in the form of @ rote for your friend, explaining how to feed and look after the animal. You will eave this note on the kitchen lable: your fiend has a key. White the note (75-100 words).ANSWER KEY PAPERS 2 AND 3 2a 4 cullsion 5 omgaizaion 6 target raler 7 range STYLE AND REGISTER A Introduction 1.0 page 12 Boriness kets » Tenis cle i Newspaper review of tana che peri sateen) sete 9 ane liter u Polee alles repost 1 Recipe & Name and joh (On the ther h Oppart Mis Loe Gale ait Shankdit have teen | Conkd have spa Job Waites Stefan company —— serving Stefan tae | somthing ate te Crest EDS (heat awh fool Tet ‘Mexinlien Mic wife wos having | Doesstt want advath | Cowl Fane pat Jobe Restanestour Yan afar with Stefan | fronn psig hems | someting tothe Ceuta) Test 1 rest Tent AY Coloned Lamont | Sinwahang to dowith | Gant aging his | Conk ey le Job: dows Dealer | the ann trde ‘earcer, which depots om fen food (Test D, Tea DG angering taal teil eth tmnworthy (es De | han Tew J ‘Krein Truckle | Nome — anes ie __| Wes psoned Send Sefin's ood Jobs Waiter vespald bysomcene | hime Text Gl crew (ew Gh eke (Text Hey Hanger etc Rests do Kean Thuckle isthe mover Mise hard to strength hes esl monn sel 0 finan soon a it pan Stefan, silat Ta pon camslde rig Stefan line of buses, Kes fist teed ont the pnt on sgt ss ssn, B Formal and informal 1.0 page 14 “ Tyrnns NOUNS, woken ww came seater een tokep practi mt oo testy Mitch tak te fein tower ‘ison se ti nee redenee ce Wdenembate taka cp be tnike Sent slecpoates ae comprehension unetn toshexten perpen pe toe toss) tole AbjReriv commincefntee tebe nce one tdecnvreyie alte Try tout tage ca Inieritenekwe tine ‘ wep acid Seperioginprowal ter tatty eile ah ttre con salen exw willy ane caiteompkte wl the ed ulor te 9 conmected 12 aera 13 postponed 14 sited 15 eter WL gut 2 pt up tth 3 bang back, some bys 5 gol 6 got 7 jlned in 9 fellent 10 tuned ont ocr spe Ens are all nla wo eh aca. Dnt 3, ie ane se shy Tn Formal spoocl te ‘words ate 44 page 16 ta best plac pena at altemoon in Paris probably he rs Janenbooure The adres ping is oer eet Uache, atl her or whose) perforin lever good © This euideiook ts very help, tele bot anyhoo paces, she for tourists wl don't ike 147Answer key 2 The margin the-9, nb iain b Ones orgs si «iene ow wh they ped hee is spent onthe any ep Ine ofl he pra nae tage vay br be ite a ce Asene ra is bk, oe chal ire ks fin above ate toikg to aetna rs from pel anton {evel ane tmp 4 Tha ook lh the bynan he ody (or, Hien te vers to haprose we Foe ole i he toets.b shsans Tt one Tears jwhen penple are desperate, hey a she one is desperate. one are offre hig ans done abowt these «Caer cm satin co tele Un proms se he Pace eRiel 42 page 17 Job avertceent Inn newspaper {tent ane 2 sande / oct 1 ike comand 5 deine 6 ppinied have wane fuer To's 11 Comgie 12 come asa 19 page 18 “HF Rive da Wh 5002 tulle Apel a Fanbonne Dwr Mise Kuro 1 ite eth seferece to yom eter of Apel I I meer regret that I shall henna to tet yo atthe aiport on Thurs otunately 1 ase presious coms namely « hielo etgagenent and ade appointment. eventos, plese alle hat a oul myself ht aso a wim of calle ate very seh Ting Forward to meeting yon, vse of thi, might H suggest a tnceting at yo eset carmen? Col perp cet a your hte at Sp aul take Si one ofthe Best est Ys ewer yo wend plone to ook forward ta hearing from you, Yours sincere, ‘Nicole Renault pp. Joan Ear, Export Manager Toe Jane “Thanks far phoning to sey orn yd Ie Toe in hen is, Hat uae ad the others a hin to hae abowt sour holidays (espealy ont Anh, sa perp we Could get together wnt as posal alter yom pet Taek. May wr col all eet up fora drink fn she Ca des Sports at 6 thew ge otf a Tie to eat? ee a ig aad nats OK, = Nicole 148 COHESION A The good weiter wnt in sentences an ses puma nites paragraphs nga he wen by pti he Wea in 8 the Meas by using 1 conjunetion (When) ‘reporting seh (pled) ‘Mick andl Keith wen: two beeen od en sharing roo i od pepe’ hone. Mick Tad the bed nest tothe sve, fon which rem payin the ‘he dogs eng i te pack un ely ray street Kells kn the lserptons, bt son wl aly on fr years wl ove night (en) Mick as very ila elle on Keath ge forthe use. 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TF Mlersener ll ashe male hs ete the aidan Srathon win Se Tike thi owt all teen soe pat sel hn ga that 44 page 32 AT Lashed hor what her hae 1 There nana wap we bl ae gan wt ig a ie ty 111 She pram oh ar orp, eve the bl bette gh 24 Mone sod old Helene ol tats hen ds {Schl et ys ricer ci 1h Tea roma. whats yo nto we Sa lw dos Cle a or eal fel 2h Whether ar nat yen’ ening. # certainly Sa Whe ua ta ew Ectory. a there wee fe af wl Hower, BL Wit ft Clone who sid that prer ‘cornpts an] oboe penser corrupts alsohiteh? 2 Mang ofthe stents al thei fens nd suppers wen shot at bythe pice, Tater ela that they er uy lacing onlers ‘Ms somgest sister, eo was hab hing the tie txpet i the tone of the ising Sa suid nt eda shat Thar done. 4A large wuouber office succes trials Anal lead br eonphte ith Iaburatory aia hire my change the behaniour ofthe profesor who ws response for the projet was ted. 43 page 3 v0 ising the npn, half thre the sent, that bot te etal Ue dog x0 the be. AL Antes fotballers oat hick the al or tree i “The burglars ate al en oe, never woke ap. She tag ss Vere ws gi Tans al she waited all morn to be simone ta the 5h flr, a call 4 She equated a geapoteait by Cagney’ Face an walked ont is i, 61 efore be took off, Liber nae sine suns, 2 Madea Lainie is painings, Uo ‘st a wth 3 Lot this hie so F cou yo tothe Teac every morn, alles eat of scan po, and nts rea of lng the self ‘CHARLES CHARLESWORTH. Who Disd of Old Aas atthe ge of Seven, ‘he aging process fects ll a different rates. Sane peuple 53, tke the ested antl, looks were 35, th sparking brew ‘eves anda handsome ait. Others like the sare sf Foun the Ltr, bein the insatiable dive independent ‘male-cloninated work, lille bythe time they’ are 0, No suele nck for Cures Chaslesunet who seas bon on the Lt of Mare 1529 ‘Stafford age of for) Claes had rel wth ath, sey Ia. senile dewetie snl sec. Senne Hn hi seventh eae) be Gated and never rade ‘The coroner tuned a venlct af cases dhe tool ag. (8.0 The comma in Brackets are pose at It very ef) Answer key Ses 1.0 page 34 es 4.4 page oe 1 tama won eld nel snl Jl Wale the sal, of cone, the ea ep wis puter Wie wording the hog dea axercared, ephted slcontath elt hes te lec, nerd al a for seine 3 ates: uni el sing care il ching ting vegeta oki toes nproatin: n,soxeal. ssa group experience, Tonight se woul reste, Tas cube eel atone, 6 had ternible hangover thie stayed in bed dy, 7 Silene anki othe uth su ene is yt al is gan ee var penne: noting we Waste ste quartet {pla sok vl cell, Dt any fre ate a Tsu: ah ba, olin, pn ad tenor saplone 3 Ht wens, aera bat, «chang of eats ane adn the henge oa: oe ws Fexton going to tet when foal Jaa escaped? 44 eefst decid to emiget lt pre sree weal question ou Ft sour education, your fami ckgrone, experience.) and your plas or the fi Practice page 06 151sys happy al sig meat be sit for Kaa 3 inocula mst be held ste which nce reting teas or sour elbows sid 4 Thesritr of this novel is tring ttl bes Jonportant ts for us to keep an touch vith fan own lence ad aggresion — at Heat) 1 ink at wt sas tying toy 5 On the brink ofa total breaklene, eae ‘are — his Fourth atid greatet eve = who ssa te pie smn of has compositions F Hyphens Practice pago37 crene-aetion of the pop bout plas for a ns Gaevle clear weitythiew miles norhasest of al read eg trie eaten fled, the ex hve ca aa bly sc, eens hg eps tory: lea suspected of having comanited of ets of lowelevel sabotage Lady ail, the arutenant-Clonel’s rents wife and e-coordinoe he gop has clever these acento: ss Garcl responses the satement cd yesterday." appr ticks Ye ure all on fellow ‘alley-cvellers to joi sw take aomtage of thi once-alfetie oppor the isthes of teat Aetiology boing cari one fit cent” 1 DESCRIPTION Cane Yawl2 page 98 AA dictionary ds ny definition, heading, ea.) 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(dea, Fires, one ttc) enact rom leer of ermal. in Taig poe Fist © 152 DA magne nhertscnen (fetes ‘Shame act’ aoc eit ie fn le pera (tal deseo ¢ Kal aertneent cher rm the tlle ep Gor pelo econ sep ‘Suto uae ona) (Aer fn aes opal Creu vasa were ee) 1.0 page 41 A Use x dlictmary to cc tha the compa sua we vntten esis. 44 page 42 Dbeen 2 the 3 be 4 slowh 5 it 8 Tio Sako OY 10 has M1 bolls 12 such 13 alter iv 15 and ‘ce senses deserted = sight, sous al sell 1.2 Describing a photograph page 43 ost for pe one interest thy fll ‘ere tr original ones from bath eas inp 2 Mack 3 far 4 Sanmosing 6 happy 7 dee fete th. 10 fe 11 Pright 12 pede irene) 1.0 page 44 A The theme of feed al esa fs ‘Getaeny at 1 Greiom), fparagraph 2 idwraten), paragraph 6 Yar sera) al parr 1 the ee nd paragraph 1 geting aeay to the back of beyond 1 pargraph7 = ‘sllarding C1 The word foreruinct spe the strange spelling incr in onder to cone sécond mieaning tha ifs avec ‘eee (and presomably nin well, fat). SA carahics ty pepe can drive to get roo the ely» cat ne Foe ese by eins + mentally taken te smotber ple 2 wor plsicaly take to another pi fe, Fl of elventares sep of el at fer fast raf + eat or tle itu (attached lieaoutae sess Steal nore pene ong chan ts ela” tl ih the cin’ = ct capable of enjganent. + Paragraph 11 —"tbie car vill ewer mae weather of it~ cate ate pot capable 11 Mecatse no-one wd ed 1 Parag ‘Whi ig ly ces with ty” A velatioe elas, not a = "tne the sao participle cline, wnt a “gate sentence 4st Practice page 46 162) 3G 415N 68 1.2 page47 A The missing inf ‘of eer ene an all ton 1 Stoves ave pruierl ovens it Merseyside sce the 19205. They spel hat e single or double, ‘silo fa al coven ive a il tat goes an xen eat Al the aves aredesigned «ay eles. (Stove seas a tle Deak 2 ACTION Cine) geste answers Ameo about suing ~ people interest in sport 18 Packet of cor consimnee Business ae D Article, ative leat ~ parents Amite alt voffee student mac erackr, gate paket — geal sandione First Aid adce ~ people leaming First Ald teediniqnes Repo peuple ntensted i comking ree speech fron teacher saves tick about masse’ = people interested in massage teciiqes 1 Shampen bate conser “Telling vn to do someting — B “Teling sn ew tad something — ‘Giving adic on aso do sonnet Deserta prucess = A, F.C 2A Instructions and directions 1.0 page «9 A The Bit se nd ore etal, wold equate to explain the eerie ce fo scone whe ht ever done the ‘sere bef al ba i hase Te pure Stn npright with our bt uc soe knes gly ent andy ip sy Foran ering siden tthe sone eng one it ao pe Teta ide sacs yore om Bathe ont Held and tt yogi you Tate in. Hepes! ve ine and dhe oe Ue ute side Bete J ets Boe om Exeree! ‘al Viele Brel12 page 0 appear ae cin ioe 6 5 9 ising 10 poveered 7 15 cleaning Eww 1.0 page st Land 2of 34 tall Sey ov F thaws $ aller 9410 dhe 12 or 18 vue 14 Ippens 15 all iting eal fre es "The tek ict hve ch baked i the pl ofthe ba wy yong rab el tap forthe fst tne syste ego chest and southe Dy % tllerwe i ay tg all the ‘mae sigur Most yong rabbits quill adapt to being [het his prance beh uel stage. ae, thes: ana se the oppurtunity ta eee aeestrned ea the Tm hae) ane aisle Wo bane ounpters of about fi tosh weeks nan few The commas in brackets are posible, kn fat neessy Hyon ve se angers part Fo tho she above 1s on pages 10103 tno the storing wheel docks. / Yon ca grt hy moving the stesing wheel oct 2 To make it work (To get ito work, hick it /C¥ou ean) uae at yeh ly hcking 3 Tossed thi problern, nse eo ile 7 (Yet cu sol his problem by wsing eld anil To interrupt speaker, ral sone hao. ent ye speaker hy ising some bene nt en ging birt eg as soon a5 ertchot. (You can) avi geting burt etigo va pets . 7 To improce your hunting, wit mee inochi hy writin reson 20 pages2 Saget sce cal nd as pose 8 Use w good desiona © Vitam Enghsh D Use th lagna rl the xan ‘exam, but be postive that sient lot te improwe their eax of png 23. Siyyete amncors Paraggaph 2: You'e probably. perfectly Paragraph 3: Babics| np tt ple raph 7 a sn. CA, Eee 1.0 page 54 A A.wate ile ire extinguisher comprises ‘ee-puinted sec gh hn. 602 gas high presi Whew the safety pis lever eat be sqatra ip remned, the operating presen space aban the wate The gas pushes has othe sarge the meet toa ies in the esa water which loot tahoe “The wozae imate tha tube, tothe speed increase, Te WY Asyone safer pi 2 the patie vice ‘operator 4A 5 6B ofthe parngrapie apart From the First paragraph, wehich snares he we proces, the paraeriphe rflet the onler af he process. Within eh pani, «sar ter fe espretr its 11.9) sugar sfuton (1.103 =the ive gard waters dhe ayryp (112) the Inte soln (1.16) ths hl sik. ‘lear elon: 1 (110 the rested Sound chic (LAU) =e entation in the coralour (or, dhe shapes strut the comfort tig fondant (1.321 ~ the fonaant which sneer Tether rebated it (1.22) ~ the liquid fodaot Thi (137) ~ the comseyor whic (1.38) ~ the bath of rele ecole the cere weet (2) Answer key the fond cess covered in cholate: tehich 1139) = 30°C: Tse (Lele ad Grit, © tn the ist paragraph, the writer more detatled proces description easier to flo as we ale wea general ‘ike of what eappe tothe rst ofp D The version in the tea better few equally ear and prise even Hh fear word, 3 dh / that 6 this/ie sch Te thew/timmedate) 9 Hat / Heese Ww hash 1 en 3 NARRATIVE Cee AGN! C6 DIES Fa G5 3A Narratives and connecting orcs 1.0 paga 59 LY Biles 6 9 off Wafer 11 thes Eee) 10 page 62 IF 26 3946 5a 6 1.4 page 62 0 3-1 Having bear / earn oat is daghter 28 Visita the Si layla fsa 4 Worn 1973 a Gallo ec a mck yestembay, 1 ean p doauy tsining toy p 5 Not having opened the letter, ih realise tha el won fit pie sronolold hones, Se ps ee bso, a sped Inthe concert her wou tate m the piano. 153,Answer key thon Aust brought T-shiets un ha ci 1.0 page 66 A doctor whe ‘ewrcse thought 6a wing jnt ad aati abot te fe fp wa rALEeatea eee lheomubeaearesente nena ifyon tld ota repent tree years in Robert Launbenum realised bie nt wea be sg one of the injured painkiling injection fl the spre actor look up to atk, Dove realy have to-go tha fae “The soluntoer patient explained to the doctor thatthe AO esses sng ard the era seven real ting Hen he was stretcher i csr mock rll sas eal thay an old ize, eh, nthe taeckrate 1.2 pago 64 tested answer 31 Colerige Rese ‘Cambridge CBX ITT ‘The Kator tue Daily Corespendent 77 Flt Street Loudon WC IPP 12 Febery 1996 sir acs tothe milan, atest al eile Cy ital the review’ of Tar ft 1 Storie fre" which fi Behan 120, Writings soon wo new Cindy her ei 19S] in Bal where she woe ting gael, el remsine 1 ol Het comet the very ae after lng Ese Bae evi: 1 wae very suprise to rel jy willing to asses te artinie ability Me alo ity asa write, she was acting ler talents ssl journalist wold no have 1 parte who, after an early start as ehasieal pans (she was ping Chopin and Liew on Prva the age of 10), developed passion for ‘nine ane percussion which took her aro " shed career as performer, teacher and student of her chosen Instruments She was aso el at LAMDA, spent 18 moth wit th ‘work thoughout the 80s in Ca [Not content with reducing Cindy's entire artiste career to ‘punk rocker yt reviewer loseribes even that period as "ansnecesafl’ = iF Top 40 singles al 2 alls in jst Iason a half sears fc unstccossil, then who sieds suevess! Me Bacon fnther clains hat she ws “lsappotuted” not to in] the Bead the fl “Broken English’ she i Fc, fered the role, lt refused to participate ‘make Street Party" instead. By: publishing ths eter, ym wl estore both the reputation of «remarkable woman an ts roars Git inthe integrity of your newspaper. Yours i ly. shudit Sellvereky 154 away to deep a the effets fhe inet | opt Doctor Lamborn had iachonten ‘exercise with pice, Bre and annie seve ‘at Choppington, Nerthnherand esterday, but his ole ‘Neliaberlal, De Jol ssid” My colleague atte wit he sery best intention 14 page 66 AT d.iaesoy lia fb te hake posable) 2 “had taken? mikes the onder of events cea Lene being helps st the see, 8. Sugastedl mers Absent rues foun cal at home ~ hang tet sak Tom abandon wife, St, fr a 1 Siggeste asi A Swe apie has been set ak hee = for bring © Me parr sd inches 4 GIVING YOUR OPINION Cee ee) A583 CL DT REI C4 Ewes 1.0 page 69 A Stdents often wonder whether ts wort hing to rt to stiady English, £ would say rds on ow ach sey you as, ‘tite for eee Mrensehes enone sce arperfct Engsh eth Shing an Fagspoig coy ll coped sry tee teh B Theo he hind tine Foe bot Feil ote an ld oe tralleenoy In some wa, ig pat of such is hig. crowd is rather a frightens oe Al sh ha telson lhe ce at atthe sme Time. an ening and ly expen spf sang an fii: By age Tins Bad aha watches ese, dnl probly ll go gn fen toh Tm hey toe a woman ft ft sn ie Hea, We tr 9 ht ten agp tha mametend ta be prejudiced a Evour af men, On France. 1 spne that alt Iason stars, inet stardom has its Arawbacks a wel sie attractions On the ithe streets wihont ving to exsand sig antral. We young actor wh de in danger of becoming x star who dlrcans of Ue woffa Ie cxpne ells, Va fen ste best wast spend the ight Ihefene a hg race On the ene hand, is 2 pen is to fick to gene nara rine, On the ether hand, sone athletes find they ily len they nse some cys, Personal a gt for a weal th ay le got cacy i that cicerlate conta ren he 1 dou ae if Doles this, ut Can evra ected Abo all. Hone cocoate because fo could newer he app stout G OFall the soap poles ecounnend thal om ane pce, ic eae ntrate, so yo on ae tase very Hee of, Mare importantly, 1004 hrodegrable and therfore dns 0 Fru dhe eavioanient: On top af thal as exesuine hints, Hala washes est In ‘tcrg that acts on shart, Talos your wae! wath choice 4. page 71 AL aula wk 1 Parser Paragraph 3: Dial ‘uth Paragraph 4+ Conelison Eo 1.0 page 72 AT Tho Bat sate foes ty fee that two aifrent pots of ew illo. 2 Teollere dhe exis view, 3 Wolters dhe avocate's view There ate tw schol of thang sont relia, yb a maa it sath greg ny er ma ne bike at ical oe piglets pe each states dl hick eae sy oleate cepa > ugh sie el pte bre ie en rocks, yo ea abs get ont of trouble by mounting te parent. Ecology eis i the reek {eo especially whe ca ener cate tented nts exeing by the sing ad technology ofthis fashionable prestigions anahine 4.4 page 73 A Sugeest anowers Sako 6 Toto U1 Despt 14 Bint 15 by 1.2 page 74 AID 2F 3B 4m B ie began as egueted SA oF extrxrdier wl Not aa snes ae Bel rie ol ne aot yon the impression 1 44 the plot to con 1 Meet beer prose, sively lang tl swords eae at appear Freapraty un of het a dst is n.d wel onyanized setences contey ression of aver ear suppers woman ~ this hook isthe writer's morality, She's a tid moral she laos do her sir wth patronising atu, a as dogg oa of ene Me mse a eben 0 et he es hing hat aye (lve im Siesta te ci pre et jt a nd iti ond ti 40 page 76 hat the boyfriends sappy i Tost confkase 1.1 page 76 Theg Zell Sa6j ack Shem ‘Answer key 5 PEOPLE AND PLACES 1.0 page 80 The luda of Bansko A Lowe 2 which 3s 4 Despite 5 were Tonto. thea a Tot 12 11S for Maw Init, il. skin, charactor 20 pages sted answers siting Hk ie they Two ee wan he's pale Thal spent he ph sae 4 taken be beter jt aban phar or he conld he: sweat sal stra op hat 5 desea the weiter’ pperwnal reaction Peewond eactins we ‘often sed a 3st of sunning np, 8B Describing places 3 Theses 3 Ie theanes othe “ongairing pri” of the desertion aul sets de 12 page 64 ih Bel wall wale ad finally deal doeriptin of hack wal © Neat to In front of “THe est of th al as The des vs Dake op hyo at Fart ese The ack wal a 20 pages ALE 2 3G 16 5F 6k Bhedis “The aor details ave net ajpropria here, they san esi, ot Kl te 2A page 86 ALY 20 4 5 ides 6 ts Fen D dnds eased! 10.7 1 ne 12 suerouning 13 Vo 14 Whole 1551 lee rolling: sserpinng cave: waded Fea defied . is Lange ge meaion; ig sedan ral sete on Bre 6 FORMAL LETTERS 1.2 pago 89 AL cepa 4 accnred 8 fon 23 gaurantee appears arang: 12 fait hams 3 Fe 11 expense ving 8 pelual eee Sueded 9 sory To wmst 1 rvplae 12 ensering 13 premner 11 bearing 4.3 page 91 ALL Thre ane ochre of Fact beter the (oo eters 2 (a) Positvelv a pitehy Suggested se = Heath eap ncn pee able ty pi se! man eager of Teen to cet see ont take aly i the Balas” 4 Suggested sens Ws yom who cowl pay for ‘While yon take holiday in the Hie abliged “Tha lating prlewn i lat, agave a 1 happy, ast sal problem that 1 cnn esl wish to este, Tae of ens do wot clo pers: by atthe Seven panes contrat a enor Joss, nt fo mention the deterarain ofthe fh ‘cae ly the coll al the rant entering throng Tracks al broke wes. eating, ae amar that eons tention. Perhaps dtl xvi ‘nlopted by the proprictors a rat of Trot in the tet) would fa worth fiestnaent: wohl ewan protet the vale ofthe property 156 15 page 94 Asokaars 398 (00200 Sebo nud ‘The Manager 26 Jone 1996 Windermere Wildside Adentnre Hays Amblesl Goubia Dear Siror Mac 1 an wet to expres me isefacton wt she advent hay Ve ‘organisation, frou the 12th to the 25th ofthis moth, The body, or which ntl to Tn to the promises mae i sour wvertisement ost al ith your id 30 ag he holiday wae averted a be frst at youth kes sway. This sea tha, wth no eto bases Tia wo aeves fo the Hall fates (pool, sna, te at the este, the ens kas faites wert a table tvs table a a pack of cars Fanthermore, at the hostel there were neither “confortable double yom" wor talented Tate staf there were four people Final, hie of activities as ahertival, Wheveas you chimed that every dat we ‘Che of ffl planed to spa the shoe or night sali ad wine, lt for ‘hght days othe Hobday eter ofthese was on offer {nie ofthe sane ays in wich the hla fled He upto your anhertisen nye deseriel 3s eatrenneh nsleading fe} that» mf of ut hess £19 "ppmpriste. Should this ytd eu be fordicoming, | sll he obliged to erfer the British Tourist Boar Yor atl, Samanta Brunoni Chis win ; vere the ans went at st sane (E350 [per perio per fortnight, rghit Tov. Pe heath tel yom about tel pes All the best 6B Applying for jobs, courses and etre 1.0 vege 95 Paragraph 1 Reawo for were Paragraph 2: Kelownt fnnation fo WINDERMER her Paragraph Why she psi For the job 11 page 9s Sout you do eo, re youd, but I cant Coane 10 page 98 arp 9B 10D 3b 4 5¢ 6D 1G 156 41.4 page 100 2 1 faihue 2 agreed 3 fscinating 4 sincrely 5 omsion 6 forgttiness. 7 incansenienes 8 olfence 9 intenloctany 10 buapprpeae IC disespect 12 wonalrfal 1 memorable Lente 15 enchsed 7 INFORMAL LETTERS 1.0 page 102 nk Anant for keting her stay hoe I 2 ab 4A 5x 6 TA A he death te yo “The Happy Planet Aseria 153 Crime St onan SE 1 Mr Laney “The Rana ote Manager February 7th 1006 Dear Mes Laney inthe clepluane cnversation yestenlay [ond tke 1 coat our Tbonking fora conference at your hotel in Sate September cl vo Melay September 5th of this rar, heaving on the oft th Ts eas sujet to annie areas all accommoparioy Sad, Sw Wh, Mow 5, 26 she rms Slouble xs Please note tal neo te delegates abled aed rege acommention with good ssterlhair acess CONFERENCE FACILITIES ONE. CONFEIENGR ROOM on Sat Saad Me 5th (oto Sui, 4200~ 7.04 ‘quipped with VE a nonitr, to accommodate up 4040 people in spa awl efor. {SEMINAR HOOMS on Sins and Mon Sth: 10am, 1.0pan. al 230-1, ‘oquippe! with whitchoanls to acconmelte wp to 12 people ech, carenING Prensa Sa 3a Sunt Mon th Tues ll (ae last repent ws mera tha ten atk on the Satire aliersoon, snd Shou vi obtain te, {ok forse yn with confirmation of evr booking Your sincere, Christine Upton Chitin Upton Aswoclatnn Seretary ‘Answer key al thee replace estrie Heaths abort ‘a sles foe gels ana on reminder abut pt $3 This questo is ated I the i op sta the Thanks ser ne: IT el 20 page 106 © Suggested answers Vina get 2 Anyway 3 yt meme Sleaving/eting Ge 7 ated Sexwwh, 5 problem [Oe job, 12 Agony / Sill 1S Lane / Hest wiles 24° page 107 16 Lm fea ap ith hi tpl a — an bss is even worse tha the ste 2 Tr fea up sth this sto jos — to inet 3 Tess amazed to see Jo {hog he as prs 44 Howes amazeal tc olin at she pa he’s warmly very moeahle 15 The wld pg tach Ely = it wus nay wi attacked the wll pit 1 The wel pg attack Esl Peters Suggest ana atthe party = Dear Ma acer tt Vos nee et It fg ob an tal yw itr sn al Oo th Wal ppc en: We wr jt thing gi lo ih ‘it Ho lel. Yo ol hse tbe iinet jee tit he fora an Rs de res Bye eyo Pa? Ca yon il speak ngage ‘ny dye wi? Fore Sou ei = se les ‘tock ‘roll, ea een! Mont dah Wee gt ear ral an apes treo 197Answer key 22 page 108 tas, Now, Aug Ne el 1, se om em acct of hat appeal at dhe dena, Te described everything 1s fom “speaks the ante of events ~ eal Aovelear Jonny ofthe lrg ans Ie. abd ahah my exikcce here val help a ope to see you aga at xt mths sont of Fight acon Pancha oe eked 1.4 page 109 1 Wel ake Satta sen eta lnk alte 2 Wohl peso Aga hat than as she de 4 Wold nae Agatha fd that she ay not Fane ny pens sth thes w wl Fei eictent home al wath eiferent 12 page 110 Me kept me very tit e-health 14 page 181 Hishest eas wert hat reali? task - ait ke a oe ply {nese a good ea ts coy peises higher char my arr wo “explain twodisters mentioned) ther teappraprate Ages dn’ ask for sii aheat han to ack ate At Too formal 158 8 REPORTS 1.0 page 112 A Suggated anvers 2 wmmbers 3 alas / colleagues the stall 5 penite, 6 herbick, 7 however, 1 puma 1 allube th 9 willing as etioned belo, ‘expels ne end to exigent by ting speratsad tes ex Ina repr that sun appre of Kits work The exaggerations ine bec replaced bby mire muon, mcrae lenge store fal wes one noe ces Vas worl sacra rats he opening, eo) Inypersna oe of halewce’ wt oes ‘agra 1A page 114 B Suggested answers ses his attention detail semetinnes verges fon the excess he alls her woek 1 oe Aisproportionate amount of her tine 23s ber anni el et icon as sf deter scored st ay price 41 antl ler ws es yo to hee the saae of tan very confident person who has been let 8 re spn lene pronation ‘omtsbutions a not aay promote Tarn 411A page 115 works wel tea in grates well hha strong charactor soxiable integrates well Fast ili? asks snetinlous 7 tars cree /eiplonatie ata Wart J xguent ‘weap ogleal ational imaginative has expaciy for Brighton BSD TER oath referee fa yn hon nue yo dn deserve expeet yom ny asked we Fas yn at faa usb ese stp enh to tink sore ‘worth ba eigen eno to be able vo write a reference in Hash Was Leal the First pers yom thor Aud whats this abot losing ny pine bee? You never were avery conning har Anyway gn ek wl forget sare oh INTOA LIAN! Line, Dow Ene 1.0 page 117 Vdeve 2 too 3 both A ponds 5 always BF Ti SY wham Wall 1 im 12 have 1.1 page 118 raga sh wt yp—_ Dr, Pale Dear De Flo [ymte reply to yor rep [have no Jo for vig yes having bev ‘Sell sd ving vena i ect il id {pent at Exeter Unie You meston the problem of stuns wh ne new Trends. In John's ase, there absol shunt work in Hoe sec of his abi ‘ire lew pepe ay sete Jol, He has ab ‘mon sora il, wl picky wn hi large {also Bete that Jolin hs ce he sea to Be Les th ad hig ersten, he will te nelignc ta han “The only question ar, a his strongest point However, his natal ce owed. this ithe were sig Engle, Perkap cea leer te was erie anes Your sneer, Dominique Schwarzenbach th ae a as Brighion BXT 18 9 Octaler 1504 1 fora ference for Jol Kino. ring the three har to adap oa ue cendeoument alto I wo cause for eoncer, Juin’ recent ala an a for mab rie, eve sive nature wich, togetler his uh of Ie amy new ensronnicnt he worl on ‘conre, And at rdstnons, Lam convinced tat, hen is compete spit lve of English, wie was never ature would soon innleel ‘Answer key PAIKA 1 1 who yn ar aoa why you's PARA? ‘ject Tat. Don incl opis emeto Tage {your desertion ol the steanges ss detailed as poste pkg ca tence of character eferene toni aspect nol sone i deg, resale append Supply alleged!” allel ‘ertin Gerais © Soygested ansor Coe oud reports 1.0 page 119 A Pargerape af been of sperllon ith the geen looking ‘Paragraph 2 the dice quotation fro the cae rah Paragraph sont eters comprising, thing bt fats a eonerete details Pasageaph 5 ~ ne sction verbs in past reset rani. tana al ore» suing fo Bit, dramatic marae. 18 The hy looked abt 15 yours oll and was searing ble woolen Tat, He tol tet ‘pea the ear dat ied sdb sed ple a em Start with the heading, TO WHOM IT MAY GONGERN «this sans that se teen lds at wenten for the henelt of ny, seated party dawgers, police, Gist, 3. dhew a subbed sertbig the ns ofthe report, A STATEMENT DESCIIBING EVENTS WITNESSED BY MYSELE, (NAMED, AT (NAME OF MAPORT) ON (DATE) AT (TIME To WHOM IT May CONCERN The fellowes 7 Oetober 1905, 4 5.49 a {statement to confi the ssh Forside While Mist Pesca Muni by atrack acorn He is abot 24 gens old and chek ees i pried on he ih ella othe yas as he ws aig fy ay tae. 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I bifers Fro theft leaflet that ses slit scrtences es of aljetives nd ic ery [stv the choice of ca 1.2 page 198 1 Crltrally 2 ventral 3 ovept 4 continally 5 cult 6 Eiopes F Macial 8 tolerance 1) 10 Spaisly 11 slavery 1 development 1 population 1 decison 15 17 sadependenceNEW EDITION ADVANCED WRITING WITH ENGLISH IN USE Through a nnique, integrated approach, Adcanced Writing with English Peer ee ence tne ween ee Hieerenretimieietestin etn tite in een amie acs oI leicester eve inte es eacrtc seams seer tese rr 0 exam. This neve edition incorporates all the relevant changes made to the Pe unm PAU Loa ott: Smaart Nore le reeremetart ed Ontmeean cor cemeu tectore mrt tore (oar A cvateeen cen Cem enone enn snes Srutaerae. 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