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    11 views16 pages

    JLPT Grammar Reviewer PDF

    Uploaded by

    Marlexane Villania

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Grammar Iruesday, October 20, 01s 1043 AM I~ cas< Verb -Tform + #3 < 1 To doA in advance; do A as preparation for something else; used with Transitive verbs 2. Toleave asisin the state A; used with Transitive verbs re /~teb /~ié Verb -short form ~£ UNL Verb ~7= (short, past) form + SUM Verb ~ A I (conditional) form + L\Ly To seek/ give advice. “ttwould be nice if.” hope. “I should." cus Verb ~T form + Uv< 1. To gettoA; shows a change over time; "will start ta. 2. Togo on A. ing; shows an action that continues on into the future; usually used with $ B1A\, eK s Verb ~T form+ < 1. To cometo A; shows a change over time; "become. over time" 2. To continue A. ing; to have become A; often in the past ~T & f= form, asit usually describes something that has continued up until now (the present) ino S/S Lvadjective-change b to < Padjectve+|=FS Noun +I=¥ L._ To make A; to change into A; displays the changing of the state or condition of something; change is done by the subject; “to make someone/something." 2. To choose A (when ordering/choosing); “to choose." Verb -short, present / polite form+ L Uvadjective+ L fradjective+ 12 +L Noun + #2 L. 1L._Aand. (used to list reasons, with each reason followed by L) (HOT) ~ ESE ‘£4 T (optional) for additional emphasis Verb -short form + & 5 Uvadjective+ £512 Paadjective+ 12512 Noun + 0&5 #2 1. “Looks asif." 2. Involves thinking and reasoning versus ¢ 3 # which is restricted to observations made visually. (68) ~TH/~ TH L¢ & (optional for "no matter how much." Verb-T form + Verb 1 form -change LY to < T+ & Uvadjective-change L to ¢T + % Uvadjective-%L’ form-change LY to T+ Hpadjective+ TE ‘Pe-adjective tL’ form-change to T+ Noun -positive form + & Noun -negative form-change LY to Ct 2. Used to introduce topic A Verb -stem form + 1. "Howto."; "the way to 2. Verb becomes anoun. rere Verb -stem form + ® FLY 1 "Easyto." ICU Verb -stem form + I= < LY 1. “Hard/difficut to. tur Verb -stem form + 121. 1. "Wantto.." tittle A8% (seldomly used) Verb -f=L) form -remove LY + #63 TLS 1. "Wantsto.”"; only used with third person 2. Other's desires, feelings, sensations. Uvadjective-remove + AS > TLS Pradjective+ A> TH S 3. Shows signs of state/condition A; "seems like A wants.” only used with third person. Uvadjective-remove bY + MB ELT Pradjecves MGT 4. "Don't be. (afraid, shy, etc)" ~ tat Verb -stem form + tS 1. While A, 8; both actions A and B are occurring at the same time; emphasis is placed on the second action (B) 2. Unlike 722° which requires the subject/actors in the first and second half of the sentence to be the same, fil does not have this restriction ik Ca Verb -stem form + Idk Ea 1. Tobeginto A; A begins rte Verb -stem form + #2 1A suddenty/inevitably begins. 2. ToA out; an action that makes something (item, information, etc) visible/accessible that wasn't before. ost Verb -stem form + StS 1 Acontinues; to continue to A. asd Verb -stem form + 1. Aends;to finish A. W512 Verb -short form + & 5 12 Uvadjective+ £5 #2 faadjective + BE 51 Noun + #234 1L_ Ais spoken by/heard from someone/something else Verb -short form + & 5 +12 / 18 /1= Uvadjective-remove b+ 5 + 12/12 Heeadjectives €3 +12 / 18 /IE Noun + Tlatr& €5 +12 / 122: (negative form) 2. "itlooks."; "it seems like." 3. Based on what the subject senses (sees, feels). 4. With nouns, it can only be used in the negative form (present or past tense), Arte 1L._Used when you want to talk about your situation or you want a person to explain their situation. 2. Written [OCF may also be used to provide areason ~AeT Hh 3. Used to introduce a topic linked to arequest, an invitation or an expression seeking permission j~ cs Verb -Tform + Ai 11. After doing A; linear progression between 2 actions/events; does not suggest any kind of cause/effect relationship. TS Verb-Tform + LS 1. Describes a state after the action A takes place. 2. Aisthe subject's customary actions 3. Aving (progressive tense) [~ THE Verb-Tform + 1L._Desctibes a state after the action A takes place; used with transitive verbs 2. “Has been. 3. Always written in the present tense 4. Basically turns atransitive verb into an intransitive verb, so particle #* (and not 2) is used after the object. ~cltunttarty Verb-Tform + [ THUY Verb-Tform + % + LMU / LY Uvadjective-remove UY + (T+ +LMUN/ LY fradjecve+ T+ b+ UNUY/ EU Noun+ T+ b+ U0by/ £UY 1. Itisalright to A; the subject may A; it's alright if A (condition). 2. Often used when asking for permission to do something, j~ Teak Verb-Tform + % + *4DHELY Uvadjective-remove LY + ¢T + + *MEADMELY fadjecves+ T+ b+ DED Noun+ T+ t+ bdDARLY It doesnot matter if A is done; "I don't mind.” ~tHS Verb-Tform + #4 1 Trytoa cles Verb-Tform+ LES Verb-Tform-remove T +583, Verb-Tform-remove T+ U3, 1. Tofinish complete A. 2. Tofinish A; A isfinished; A occurs (shows embarrassment/regret/ disappointment over the action A. Noun+#+L#S 3. Toput away A Jc eaees Verb -dictionary form+ CE + MTHS Noun+ CHS 1. Written form for "I can." Be ableto A; can doA. 3. Can A; be possible to A (possiblity of the subject to do A) de 5 ar Verb -short form + A 5 A» Uvadjective + HY 5 6 Paadjective + bY 5b Noun + i 5 A» 1. Whether or not A oe Verb+ OT Uvadjective+ OT Padjectve+ BOT Noun + %20C 1. Because A, since A 2. Cannot be used to end a sentence ~ ai Verb + Av Uvadjective + A Peeadjective+ f Noun + F2A. 1. Because A 2 Comparedto TT), [HJ ismuch more direct in giving the reason or cause Because of this, itis good to avoid 5 and use the less direct 0)"C when the reason/cause might offend the other party Noun+ ir + %5 5 / Let < 3. From A; used to mark the source A from which something is received. ~ot4 Verb dictionary form + 3% Y Verb ZL form+ 2% Y) 1. Plant to A; be going to A; intend to do A. 2. Cannot be used to end a sentence Verb -short, past (f=) + 2% 4 Verb-Tform+ WS + IY) Uvadjectives 3% Y Badjecves z+ 3%Y) Noun+ +2344) 3. Supposed to ba A; intended to ba A; assumed to be A 4. Used when something is expected assumed/intended to be A (but in reality is different) roelcees Verb dictionary form+ = Verb -fUform+ < EIS To decide that A The decision was made outside the speaker. “tt was decided beyond my control that.” Shows a naturai/logical conclusion A. ro eictS Verb dictionary form = & Verb -fform+ = EIFS 1. DecidetoA 2. Speaker's own decision tS Verb dictionary form+ SEIS L THUS Verb -fUform+ SEIZE LTS 3. Tomake arule/habit of A 4. The progressive form shows an ongoing decision/rule the subject has made (for himsetf/herset? Jr ews ANoun+ £65 +B Noun 1. BiscalledA. 2. "AB called A"; "An A by the name of B° 3. AIIA; every A; this (very) A; A and B are the same noun; gives stronger emphasis than simply li ing the noun A itself nS 3 Verb -short + Uvadjective # Paadjective + 12 Noun+ #245 1. Probably A. 2. Incolloquial speech, can be shortened to ~ 4 3 when the preceeding verb is in past form (f=) ur HSS ERS Verb -short + #235 £85 Uvadjectives HOS EBS fpadjecves HAS ERS Noun+ #5 EB5 1. Ithink probably A. 2. In casual speech, can be shortened to ~ 4 3 when the preceeding verb isin past form (f=) mare Laval BLMTHE + Verb-short+ M4 LAY ELOTHE + Lvadjectives D% LAMELY ELOTSE + Geadjectves D% LAL BLMTSE + Nouns Ob LAMY 1. Might A; maybe A; perhaps A. 2. In.casual speech, can be shortened to ~ #4, Level of sureness: a [25 A6LVL- "lam sure."; "no doubt that." c PELNEL/S2/ DLS [Be WS Lo Verb -short + LLY Uvadjective+ LOY ‘feadjective + LU Noun +5 LU 11 Iheard that A; it seems like A; it appears that A. Noun +5 LU 2. Just like A; typical of A. 3. Cannot say something is like something it isnot; it has to be something that exemplifies what itis jk SE Verb-short +45 + 12 / 12 & Uvadjective + 3 + Pradjective +135 + Noun + 3 +45 / 1 1. It seems/looks like A. Peadjecive stot. £3 +H Noun +f2 oi 43 +12 / 18 2. For t-adjectives and nouns in the past tense. Verb -short + 315 + Adjective or Verb Uvadjective +4: 3 IS + Adjective or Verb Paeadjective +13 4 5 IC + Adjective or Verb Noun +0) & 5 I= + Adjective or Verb 3. ASA; like A; adverbial form of &é 3 4, Nouns, adjectives and verbs can also be in the past tense (in front of & 315). ntey te Verb -short +l $#2 Uvadjective + [£72 Peadjective +7318 9 Noun +0>la-$°#2 1. It should be A; it ought to be A. 2. Thought of "should"; not giving advice [Fes Verb -stem form + F#% Verb 15 form-change L\to + FS 1. Aisdone too much Lvadjectve-remove + F#S fadjecives F#S 2. Toomuch A; Ais excessive 3. In casual speech, 4 is dropped Passive Verb Group I: Change the last character from 3 form to form +. Group ll: Change from the end of the verb to 5 +. Group i: FH> F +h}; CH+HS Be A-ed; when the action is directed at the subject. Be A-ed; when something negative/troubling is directed at the subject. Be A-ed; when the persony/thing doing the action does not need to be mentioned in the sentence Be A-ed; when someone/something else does something undesirable Receiver id Actor [= Object € Action ~kY~ mie sot ANoun+ &Y +BNoun+ OIE 5 6+ C Adjective A\erb Phrase+ & !) +B Verb Phrase + [£5 2% + C Adjective A Lvadjectives +B Lv-adjective+ | 3 2% + C Adjective Af-adjectives tz. +B fe-adjectives 13153 A%+ C Adjective 1. BismoreCthan A ney ‘ANoun-+ I +BNoun+ & J ~ C Adjective A Vetb Phrase + [3 +B Verb Phrase+ & ~ C Adjective 1. Ais Ger than B; Ais more C than B (comparison). ‘ANoun+ I +BNoun+ & !) ~ C Adjective(/L form) A Vetb Phrase + [dt +B Verb Phrase & Y ~ C Adjective(*ZLY form) 2. AisnotasCasB, ike ~ acu ‘ANoun + Ié + BNoun+ |&L ~ C Adjective(/ LY form) A\Verb Phrase + [dt +B Verb Phrase + IE ~ C Adjective( 2 L\ form) 1. AisnotasCasB, Wee oat ‘ANoun+ &+BNoun+ & ESA CAdjective ‘AVetb Phrase+ &+ B Verb Phrase + & £5 5A C Adjective 1. Which is more, A or B ars ‘A Noun (sound/smeli/voice/taste) + °F 1. Hear A; smell A; taste A recs Verb dictionary form + & = BY= 1. Aboutto start A 2. Usually with &+#S; CS >CE+HS |L_ Make (somebody) A; thisis coercive or forced on the object of the sentence 2. Allow (somebody) to A; this is permission from the subject to the object. 3. Make (somebody) A; because of the subject, the object is caused to A. 4. Director ld Receiver [= Object # Action ausative-Passive Verb Group I: Change the last character from 3 form to form+ #5AS Group Il: Remove 4 from the end of the verb + F513 Group i: FH-> S#SNS; (H> CELA} 1. Bemadeto do A 2. The person being forced to do somethingis affected by it 3. Make (somebody) A; because of the subject, the object is caused to A. 4. Receiver id Director IZ Object & Action je Uvadjective-remove LV + & Faradjectives & 1. Changes A into anoun. 2. Thought of "should"; not giving advice olitional Verb Group I: Drop thefinal 3 + # Group Il: Drop the final & from the end of the verb + 3 Group il: FS-> LES; BH CES 1 Let'sA 2. Informal/friendty form. Potential Verb Group I: Drop thefinal 3 +2 Group ll: Drop the final 4 from the end of theverb + BAS Group i: $B -> CHS; CHHS 1. Can; be able to A; ability ofthe subject. 2. CanA; be possible to A; possibilty ofthe subject to do A conditional ~[Z Positive Verb Group I Drop the final 3 + Az Group ll: Drop the final 4 from the end of the verb + tld Group i: $B -> FHS; < HUE Uvadjective-remove b+ (4UIE Noun+ Cabal Negative Verb -t form -remove U+ It4id Uv-adjective-%21) form-remove + Itz. Peeadjectives Cap + te lbh Nouns Ce + Melts LWA 2. A+(4,B; Bisnot in past tense a If (and only if) A,B b. fone does something, B state/event will be brought _ IFA state, one will do something or event will be brought 3. A+ ld, 8; Bisin past tense a IFAhad happened, B could/would have happened 4, Describes what will happen or what one will do under a hypothesized state or situation. 5. Describes what would have happened or could have happened under a hypothesized state or situation @ Acanbe volitional or nor-volitiona b. B canbevolitional only if is non-volitional © Bcanbe avolitional action, desire, command, request, invitation, suggestion or advice d_ When both A and B are volitional, use f= & only if Ais not conditional ~ f= Verb short, past + & Uvadjective-f= form + 5 feadjective + 12212 Noun + #2 1A 2. While A uses a past tense form, its referring to a supposition about an event that hasn't yet occurred The phrase following itis always in the present tense tional ~ fz (12) Verb -short + #2 5d Uvadjective-t= form + 5 Ig feeadjective+ Noun + #22 1. [Zisoptional 2. If Aisthe case/situation 3. 725 isused when there will be more info after it on the subject; after/when the action is done, then you will be able to do the next [IZ isityou do this something will happen; Noun + #2 4. Asfor A; Usually followed by a characteristic or ability of A res eRS Verb volitional + £5 1 Ithink bill A Jr izw (I=) Verb-short + f=bI= Uvadjective+ Paeadjective + 1: 1 Because of A; dueto A Verb dictionary form + Verb -75 form + Noun + t=: 2. For the purpose of A; in order to A re Ie Verb dictionary form + & 5 {= Verb -1 form + & 51= Verb -potential form + & 5 1L._ Inthe hopes that A; in order for A; A isa goal that you are aiming for. Verb dictionary form + & 3 {= U form + £5 2. Please do/don't A; often comes at the end of the sentence Verb -short + & 5 Noun + 0 & 515 3. Aswas written/said/etc in A; used to provide a source of information when explaining something rests Verb dictionary form+ & 51+ % Verb -1Uform+ & SIF S 1. Tryto A; make sure to A; with great effort rk SIRS /K BS Verb dictionary form+ & 515% 1. Come to A (transition over time) Verb 1) form-remove LY + < 12% 2. Come to be unableto A Imperative Verb Group I: Drop thefinal 3 + % Group ll: Remove from the end of the verb + Group: FS -> L4; <> cv 1. DoA (command); thisis extremely strong and is usually considered rude or insulting, mtr eb Verb Group I: Change the last character from 3 form to LY form+ 12 & LY Group ll: Remove 4 from the end of the verb + 7 LY Group il: FS> LESLY SEW 1 DOA (instruction); usually used by teachers towards students and parents towards children. Prohibition Verb Group i+ %2 Group il: + 78 Group il: FS > FH; 6 oE 1. Dont 2. Verbs ending in & can be dropped and changed to Artz to add emphasis ACHAT Verb -short+ ACTA Uvadjectiver ACTH Pradjectves BATT AM Noun + rave A 1L._ Introduces a request, invitation or asking for permission. icc EMS Verb-short, past + < £ AHS 1. Have done A before te mt FS AVerb-short, past+ J ~ BVerb-casual, past + US ALvadjective-remove L\ + i>: ~ B L)-adjective-remove LY + A >t Y FS Afg-adjective + fi a f=) ~ B ff-adjectve+ Ht UTS ANoun+ tot ~ BNoun+ f22%2UF% 1. Do things like A and B; states/conditions like A and B. 2 Can be used with a single term; suggesting that there are other things that you did and are just not being mentioned. ee Verb -short, past + # Verb -1L form + ## adjectives BEE Noun + D## The situation A remains unchanged. Jr tel 5 ALLY Verb -short, past + IE 3.ASL\LY Verb -ZL9 form +|E5 ASULY 1. Itwould be better to A. 2. Itwould be better notto A mtg re ¢ HES LY Verb -ZL form+ © < HEL 1. Please don't doA. mitthidere aly Verb -£9 form-remove LY + (FAUd¢ HEL 1. Must do A; have to A Jie < THRU LY Verb 15 form-remove LY + < Tld+ UMIFEELY / LIFE AEA, Verb -Z form-remove LY + <4 + LMIFEELY 1. Must do A; have to A nie < THULY Verb -Z form-remove LY + < THUY EL Uvadjective-remove LY + ¢ 2 TELM ELY Peadjectives Cpt < TEUOLYELY Noun+ Cem < THLUYELY 1. Don'thavetoA 2. Incasual speech, % isbe dropped. rin < THEA Verb-T form + bane4oteL Uvadjective-remove LY +

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