PHILIPPINE NATIONAL

STANDARD
PNS/PAES 225:2015
(PAES published 2015)
ICS 65.060.50

Agricultural machinery – Rice combine harvester –

Methods of test

BUREAU OF PRODUCT STANDARDS*

Member to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Standards and Conformance Portal: www.bps.dti.gov.ph

*BUREAU OF PHILIPPINE STANDARDS

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/PAES 225:2015
(PAES published 2015)

National Foreword

The Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards PAES 225:2015, Agricultural

machinery – Rice combine harvester – Methods of test was approved for adoption
as Philippine National Standard by the Bureau of Philippine Standards upon the
recommendation of the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center
(AMTEC) and the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural
Resources Research and Development of the Department of Science and
Technology (PCAARRD-DOST).
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PNS/PAES 225:2015
Agricultural Machinery – Rice Combine Harvester – Methods of Test

Foreword

The formulation of this national standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing
and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) under the project entitled “Development of Standards for
Rice Production and Postproduction Machinery" which was funded by the Philippine Council
for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) of
the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).

This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with PAES 010-2 – Rules for the
Structure and Drafting of International Standards.

The word “shall” is used to indicate mandatory requirements to conform to the standard.

The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as
particularly suitable without mentioning or excluding others.

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PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PNS/PAES 225:2015
Agricultural Machinery – Rice Combine Harvester – Methods of Test

CONTENTS Page

1 Scope B-52
2 References B-52
3 Definitions B-52
4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection B-54
4.1 Selection of rice combine harvester to be tested B-54
4.2 Role of requesting party B-54
4.3 Role of the manufacturer B-54
4.4 Test site conditions B-54
4.5 Test instruments B-54
4.6 Running-in and preliminary adjustment B-54
4.7 Suspension of test B-55
5 Test and Inspection B-55
5.1 Verification of the manufacturer’s technical data and information B-55
5.2 Field performance test B-55
6 Laboratory Analysis B-57
7 Data Analysis B-57
8 Test Report Format B-57

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1 – Measurement of operating speed B-56

ANNEXES

A Minimum List of Field and Laboratory Test Equipment and Materials B-59
B Specifications of the Rice Combine Harvester B-60
C Field Performance Test Data Sheet B-61
D Laboratory Work B-63
E Laboratory Grain Analysis Data Sheet B-65
F Formulas Used During Calculations and Testing B-67

B-51
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PNS/PAES 225:2015
Agricultural Machinery – Rice Combine Harvester – Methods of Test

1 Scope

This standard specifies the methods of test and inspection for rice combine harvester.
Specifically, it shall be used to:

1.1 verify the mechanism, main dimensions, weight, materials and accessories of the rice
combine harvester, and the list of specifications submitted by the
manufacturer/supplier/dealer;

1.2 determine the performance of the machine;

1.3 evaluate the ease of handling and safety features;

1.4 determine the effect of harvesting on grain quality through laboratory analysis and;

1.5 prepare a report on the results of the tests.

2 Reference

The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this National Standard:

PNS/PAES 102:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content and

Presentation

PNS/PAES 103:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling

PNS/PAES 205:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Mechanical Rice Thresher – Methods of Test

PNS/PAES 213:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Rice Reaper – Methods of Test

PNS/PAES 224:2015Agricultural Machinery – Rice Combine Harvester – Specifications

3 Definitions

For the purpose of this standard, the definition of the terminologies given in PNS/PAES -
224:2015and the following shall apply:

3.1
broken grain
grains that were broken and/or dehulled (partially or fully) as a result of harvesting and
threshing operation

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3.2
cracked grain
grains which show signs of fissures or fractures or splinters

3.3
cylinder peripheral speed
the equivalent linear speed of the cylinder tip when running at normal operating speed,
expressed in m/s

3.4
grain quality
quality of threshed grain determined in terms of percent whole grain

3.5
overall height
distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the rice combine harvester

NOTE All parts of the rice combine harvester projecting upwards are contained between
these two planes.

3.6
overall length
distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the rice
combine harvester and touching its front and rear extremities

NOTE All parts of the rice combine harvester, in particular, components projecting at the
front and at the rear are contained between these two planes. When an adjustment of
components is possible, it shall be set at minimum length.

3.7
overall width
distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the rice combine
harvester; each plane touching the outermost point of the harvester on its respective side

NOTE All parts of the rice combine harvester projecting laterally are contained between
these two planes.

3.8
running-in period
preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of test
until the operation is stable

3.9
separation loss
blower loss
grains that come out of the threshing chamber or the blower outlet with the straw which is
also the outlet of the blower

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3.10
throughput capacity
weight of the cleaned grain collected from the main grain outlet per unit of time

3.11
uncut loss
grains from the panicles that were not cut or were missed by the harvesting process

3.12
unthreshed loss
grains left in the panicles of the plant fed into the threshing chamber

4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection

4.1 Selection of rice combine harvester to be tested

Rice combine harvester to be tested should be in accordance with PNS/PAES 103:2000

Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling.

4.2 Role of requesting party

The requesting party shall submit to the official testing agency specifications and other
relevant information on the rice combine harvester. They shall abide by the terms and
conditions set forth by the official testing agency.

4.3 Role of the manufacturer

An officially designated representative of the manufacturer shall operate, adjust, repair, and
shall decide on matters related to the operation of the machine.

4.4 Test site conditions

Each test, with three replications, shall be carried out in the rectangular field area with sides
in the ratio of 2:1 as much as possible. For ride-on and attachment type rice combine
harvester, the area should not be less than 1000m2 while for the walk-behind type, the area
should not be less than 500m2. The field shall be completely dried before harvesting to
prevent additional water absorption of the rice grains.

4.5 Test instruments

The instruments to be used shall have been calibrated and checked by the testing agency prior
to the measurements. The suggested list of minimum field and laboratory test equipment and
materials needed to carry out the rice combine harvester test is detailed in Annex A.

4.6 Running-in and preliminary adjustment

Before the start of the test, the rice combine harvester should have undergone running-in
period wherein various adjustments of the rice combine harvester shall be made according to

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the recommendation of the manufacturer. (No other adjustments shall be permitted while the
test is on-going).

4.7 Suspension of test

If during the test, the machine malfunctions or stops due to major component breakdown
which is not repairable, the test shall be suspended.

5 Test and Inspection

5.1 Verification of the manufacturer’s technical data and information

5.1.1 This inspection is carried out to verify the mechanism, dimensions, materials and
accessories of the rice combine harvester in comparison with the list of manufacturer’s
technical data and information.

5.1.2 A plain and level surface shall be used as reference plane for verification of the rice
combine harvester’s dimensional specifications.

5.1.3 The items to be inspected and verified shall be recorded in Annex B.

5.2 Field performance test

5.2.1 This is carried out to obtain actual data on machine performance, operating accuracy,
work quality and adaptability to varied rice crops and field conditions.

5.2.2 Initial data such as field conditions and crop condition shall be collected before the
test.

5.2.3 Measurement of performance parameters:

5.2.3.1 Operating speed

Outside the longer side of the test plot, two poles 20 m apart (A, B) are placed approximately
in the middle of the test plot (Figure 1). On the opposite side, two poles are also placed in
similar position, 20 m apart (C, D) so that all four poles form corners of a rectangle, parallel
to at least one long side of the test plot. The speed will be calculated from the time required
for the machine to travel the distance (20 m) between the assumed line connecting two poles
on opposite sides AC and BD. The reference point (e.g. rice combine harvester’s cutting
mechanism) of the machine should be selected for measuring the time.

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 Figure 1 – Measurement of operating speed

5.2.3.2 Noise level measurement

The noise emitted by the machine shall be measured approximately 5 cm away from the ear
level of the operator using a noise level meter.

5.2.3.3 Fuel consumption

Before the start of each test trial, the fuel tank shall be filled to a certain marked level. After
each test trial; the tank shall be refilled using a graduated cylinder. The amount refilled is the
fuel consumption for the test. When filling up the tank, keep the machine in a level position.

5.2.3.4 Total operating time

Total operating time shall be measured once the machine starts to harvest up to the time it
harvests the last stalk. Time losses for adjustment, turning and machinery breakdown shall be
deducted from the total operating time.

5.2.3.5 Potential yield

Before the test run, randomly select three 1 m x 1 m area within the test plot and manually
harvest the panicles. The harvested panicles in each area shall be collected, labelled and taken
to the laboratory for analysis.

5.2.3.6 Header loss

Before the test run, five 1 m x 1 m area shall be taken randomly within the test plot and the
grains detached from the panicle within the area shall be collected, weighed and recorded as
pre-harvest loss. After the test run, using the same area, loose grains on the ground, grains
from cut panicles but fallen on the ground, and grains from uncut panicles fallen on the
ground after harvesting, shall be collected, labeled and taken to the laboratory.

5.2.3.7 Record the turning time of the rice combine harvester.

5.2.3.8 The following items shall be observed:

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5.2.3.8.1 Ease of handling and stability when the machine is working and turning

5.2.3.8.2 Ease of manipulating the operating levers

5.2.3.8.3 Ease of adjusting and repair of parts

5.2.3.8.4 Ease of transporting the machine

5.2.3.8.5 Safety

5.2.3.8.6 Vibration

5.2.3.8.7 Labor requirements

5.2.3.8.8 Other necessary items

5.2.4 The items to be inspected and measured shall be recorded in Annex C.

6 Laboratory Analysis

Laboratory analysis shall be made to determine the grain moisture content, grain-straw ratio,
straw length, purity, cracked grain, mechanically damaged grain and losses (blower,
separation, unthreshed, and scattering). The laboratory procedures to be followed in the
analysis are given in Annex D while the data sheet is given in Annex E.

7 Data Analysis

The formula to be used during calculations and testing are given in Annex F.

8 Test Report Format

8.1 Name of testing agency

8.2 Test report number

8.3 Title

8.4 Summary

8.5 Purpose and scope of test

8.6 Methods of test

8.7 Table 1 – Machine specifications

8.8 Results and discussion

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8.9 Table 2 – Field performance test data

8.10 Observations (include pictures)

8.11 Name, signature and designation of test engineers

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 Annex A
Minimum List of Field and Laboratory
Test Equipment and Materials

A.1 Equipment Quantity

A.1.1 Field
A.1.1.1 Grain Moisture Meter (duly calibrated using the 1
standard method)
Range: 12% to 30%
A.1.1.2 Penetrometer 1
A.1.1.3 Tachometer (contact type or photo electric type; 1
Range: 0-5,000 rpm)
A.1.1.4 Noise Level Meter 1
Range: 30 to 130 db(A)
A.1.1.5 Timers (range: 60 minutes) 2
Accuracy: 1/10 sec
A.1.1.6 Measuring Tape (capacity: 5m) and 50 m 2
A.1.1.7 Camera 1
A.1.1.8 Weighing Scale 1
Capacity: 100 kg
Scale divisions: 0.5 kg
A.1.1.9 Graduated Cylinder 1
(at least 1-L capacity)
A.1.2 Laboratory
A.1.2.1 Weighing Scale (Sensitivity: 0.1 g) 1
A.1.2.2 Magnifying Lens (minimum of 10 magnifications) 1
A.1.2.3 Grain Sample Cleaner 1
A.1.2.4 Grain Sampler/Divider 1
A.1.2.5 Air-oven 1
A.2 Materials
A.2.1 Canvas Sheet (4m x 8m) 1
A.2.1 Nylon-Catch Bag 1
(1.5m x 1.5m x 0.5m)
A.2.1 Nylon Net (1.5m x 1.5m) 1
A.2.1 Sample Bags 20
A.2.1 Labeling Tags which include 20
A.2.1.1 Date of test
A.2.1.2 Machine on test
A.2.1.3 Sample source
A.2.1.4 Variety
A.2.1.5 Trial number

B-59
 Annex B
Specifications of the Rice Combine Harvester

Name of Applicant : ________________________________________________________

Address : ___________________________________________________________________
Telephone No : ______________________________________________________________
Name of Manufacturer : _______________________________________________________
Address : ___________________________________________________________________

GENERAL INFORMATION
Model :________________________ Make :__________________________
Serial No :________________________ Classification :____________________
Production date of rice combine harvester to be tested :__________________________

Items to be inspected:

Manufacturer’s Verification by the

ITEM
Specifications Testing Agency
B.1 Overall dimensions and weight of rice
combine harvester
B.1.1 Length, mm
B.1.2 Width, mm
B.1.3 Height, mm
B.1.4Total weight of the machine, kg
B.2 Crop condition
B.2.1 Variety
B.2.2 Maximum cutting angle of straw
B.2.3Plant height
B.2.4 Crop moisture content
B.3 Harvesting condition
B.3.1 No. of cutting rows
B.3.2 Cutting method
B.3.3 Cutting width, mm
B.3.4 Minimum cutting height, mm
B.3.5Field capacity, ha/h
B.4 Starting system
B.5 Operating condition
B.5.1 Harvesting speed, m/s
B.6Ground drive

B-60
 Annex C

Field Performance Test Data Sheet

Test Engineer: _________________________ Date:______________________

Assistants: ____________________________ Location:___________________
Test Requested by:______________________ Manufacturer:_______________
Test Specimen:_________________________

Items to be measured and inspected:

TRIAL
ITEMS
1 2 3 Ave.
C.1 Crop condition
C.1.1 Variety
C.1.2 Date of sowing/planting
C.1.3 Row spacing
C.1.4 Recommended period of maturity
C.1.5 Average plant height (8 observations)
C.1.6 Lodging angle of plant (8 observations)
C.1.7 Plant population/m2 (3 observations)
C.1.8 Number of tillers/plant (5 observations)
C.2 Field conditions
C.2.1 Location of test field
C.2.2 General topography (undulating/leveled)
C.2.3 Area of test field
C.2.4 Shape of field
C.2.5 Soil type
C.2.6 Penetrometer profile (8 observations)
C.3 Test conditions
C.3.1 Date of test
C.3.2 Duration of test
C.3.3 Time lost
C.3.3.1 Turning, min
C.3.3.2 Adjustments, min
C.3.3.3 Minor repair, min
C.3.3.4 Others (specify, min)
C.3.4 Operating speed, m/s
C.3.5 Effective width of cut, cm
C.3.6 Fuel consumed, mL
C.3.7 Fuel consumption, L/h
C.3.8 Noise level, db(A)
C.3.9 Height of cut or height of stubbles, mm
C.3.10 Pre-harvest loss (average of 5 observations, g)

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 TRIAL
ITEM
1 2 3 Ave.
C.3.11 Actual field capacity, ha/h
C.3.12 Theoretical field capacity, ha/h
C.3.13 Field efficiency, %
C.4 Minimum labor requirements

C.5 Rate the following observations:

RATING
ITEM
1 2 3 4 5
C.5.1 Ease of handling and stability when machine is working
and turning
C.5.2 Ease of manipulating the operating lever
C.5.3 Ease of adjusting and repair of parts
C.5.4 Ease of transporting the machine
C.5.5 Safety
C.5.6 Vibration
1 – Very Good
2 – Good
3 – Satisfactory
4 – Poor
5 – Very Poor

C.6 Other observations

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Annex D
Laboratory Work

D.1 Measurement of Straw Length

This shall be taken using at least ten representative samples of cut plants and measuring the
length from the point of cut to the tip of the panicle.

D.2 Measurement of Grain Content

In measuring the grain-straw ratio, take three representative samples of approximately 500
grams each of cut plants from the test materials. For each sample, manually thresh the grains
from the panicle. Determine the weight of the grain and the straw separately. Record and
calculate the grain-straw ratio using the formula in Annex F.1. The average of the three
samples shall be taken as the grain-straw ratio.

D.3 Purity Determination

Take 500 g from the final sample taken from the main grain outlet. Clean the grains to
remove impurities and other foreign matters. The clean grain shall be weighed and recorded.
The percent purity is calculated using the formula in Annex F.13.

D.4 Potential Yield Determination

Manually thresh the grains from the cut stalk from each sample separately. Clean the grains
to remove impurities and other foreign matters. The clean grain shall be weighed and
recorded. Calculate the average potential yield per square meter of the three samples.

D.5 Measurement of Grain Moisture Content

Five samples shall be taken for moisture content determination using a calibrated moisture
meter. The mean moisture content of the samples shall be taken as the moisture content of the
test paddy.

D.6 Determination of Losses

D.6.1 Header loss

Each of the five samples collected after the test run shall be manually threshed, cleaned and
weighed. Calculate the average weight of grains of the five samples representing the loose
grain on the ground, grains from cut panicles but fallen on the ground, and grains from uncut
panicles fallen on the ground after harvesting (see sub-clause F.9).

Five samples taken before the test shall be cleaned and weighed separately. Calculate the
average weight of grains of the five samples representing pre-harvest loss.

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D.6.2 Blower loss

Five samples shall be taken at the chaff outlet to collect grains mixed with the chaff. Each
sample shall be cleaned and weighed. The total weight of the clean grains and the total time
of collection shall be recorded for the computation of blower loss. (see sub-clause F.5)

D.6.3 Separation loss

Five samples shall be taken at the straw outlet to collect loose grains mixed with the straw.
The total weight of the clean grains collected and the total time of collection of the five
samples shall be taken and recorded for the computation of separation loss. (see sub-clause
F.6)

D.6.4 Unthreshed loss

Unthreshed grains collected at the straw outlet shall be hand threshed and weighed. The total
weight and time of collection of the grains from the straw outlet shall be taken and recorded
for the computation of unthreshed loss. (see sub-clause F.7)

D.7 Determination of Net Percent Cracked Grains

Three samples from manually threshed and machine threshed grains shall be taken for
analysis. Each sample shall consist of 100 grains. These grains shall be manually dehulled
and inspected for the presence of fissures. The net percent cracked grains shall be taken as the
difference between the values obtained from the manual and machine-threshed grain samples
(see sub-clause F.13).

D.8 Determination of Percent Broken Grains

Three samples from machine-threshed grains shall be taken for analysis. Each sample shall
consist of 100 grams. Separate those grains that were broken crushed or dehulled (partially or
fully) and weigh. Compute for the percentage of broken damaged grains (see sub- clause
F.14).

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 Annex E
Laboratory Grain Analysis Data Sheet
Machine Tested: _____________________ Analyzed by : _______________
Date of Test: _____________________ Date Analyzed: _______________

E.1 Crop Conditions

E.1.1 Moisture Content, (% w.b.)

Average

E.1.2 Grain-Straw Ratio

Weight of Grain and
Sample No. Weight of Grain (g) Grain-Straw Ratio
Straw (g)
1
2
3
Average

E.2 Grain Analysis

E.2.1 Purity Determination

Initial Weight of Samples (uncleaned) = 500 grams
Trial 1 Trial 1 Trial 1 Gen.
ITEMS
1 2 3 Ave. 1 2 3 Ave. 1 2 3 Ave. Ave.
Cleaned
Grains (g)
Purity (%)

E.2.2 Loss Determination

Blower Loss Separation Loss Unthreshed Loss
Duration: Duration: Duration:
Trial No.
Sample Sample Total Sample Total
Total (kg)
Wt. (g) Wt. (g) (kg) Wt. (g) (kg)
1a
1b
1c
Ave.
2a
2b
2c
Ave.
3a

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 Blower Loss Separation Loss Unthreshed Loss
Duration: Duration: Duration:
Trial No.
Sample Sample Total Sample Total
Total (kg)
Wt. (g) Wt. (g) (kg) Wt. (g) (kg)
3b
3c
Ave.
Gen. Ave.

E.2.3 Header loss

Weight of Loose grains on Weight of grains from cut
Sample Preharvest loss
the ground but fallen panicles
No. (g)
(g) (g)
1
2
3
4
5
Average

E.3 Potential yield per square meter

Weight of Grain and Straw Weight of Grain
Sample No
(g) (g)
1
2
3
4
5
Average

E.4 Broken Grain Determination

Sample No Total Weight of Grain (g) Weight of Broken Grain (g)
1
2
3
4
5
Average

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 Annex F
(informative)

Formula Used During Calculations and Testing

F.1 Grain-straw ratio (R),

Wg
R=W
s

where:
Wg is the weight of grain, g
Ws is the weight of sample (grain and straw), g

F.2 Actual field capacity

AT
FCA =
TT

where:
FCA is the actual field capacity, ha/h
AT is the area covered during test, ha
TT is the total operating time, h

F.3 Theoretical field capacity

WC S O
FCT =
10

where:
FCT is the theoretical field capacity, ha/h
WC is the cutting width, m
SO is the operating speed, km/h

F.4 Field efficiency

FCA
Eff = x 100
FCT

where:
Eff is the field efficiency, %
FCA is the actual field capacity, ha/h
FCT is the theoretical field capacity, ha/h

F.5 Blower loss (B1)

a) Amount

Weight of blown clean grain, kg

B1, kg = x duration of operation, h
Duration of collection, h

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b) Percentage

Blower loss, kg
B1, % = Cleaned threshed grain, x 100
kg + Summation of all losses, kg

F.6 Separation Loss (S1)

a) Amount

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛, 𝑘𝑔
S1, kg = x duration of operation, h
𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, ℎ

b) Percentage

𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠, 𝑘𝑔
S1, % = 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛, x 100
𝑘𝑔 + 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠, 𝑘𝑔

F.7 Unthreshed Loss (U1)

a) Amount

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛, 𝑘𝑔
U1, kg = x duration of operation, h
𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, ℎ

b) Percentage

𝑈𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎe𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠, 𝑘𝑔
U1, % = 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛, x 100
𝑘𝑔 + 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠, 𝑘𝑔

F.8 Summation of all losses (LT), kg

LT = Blower loss + Separation loss + Unthreshed loss

F.9 Header Loss

(𝑊𝑔1 +𝑊𝑔2 )−𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑊𝑔𝑝

LH = x 100
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑊𝑃𝑌

where:
LHis the header loss, %
𝑊𝑔1 is the weight of loose grain on the ground per square
meter, g/m2
𝑊𝑔2 is the weight of grains from cut panicles but fallen on the
ground per square meter, g/m2
𝑊𝑔𝑝 is the weight of the grain on the ground (pre-harvest loss)
per square meter, g/m2
𝑊𝑃𝑌 is the weight of the potential yield per square meter, g/m2

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F.10 Fuel consumption (FC), L/h
𝐹
FC = 𝑇1
𝑇

where:
F1 is the amount of fuel consumed, L
TT is the time of operation, h

F.11 Purity (P), %

𝑊
P = 𝑊𝑐 x 100
𝑢
where:
Wu is the weight of uncleaned grain, g
WC is the weight of cleaned grain, g

F.12 Cracked grains (Cg), %

Number of cracked grains

Cg, % = x 100
100 grain sample

F.13 Broken grains (Bg), %

Weight of broken grains, g

Bg = x 100
100 gram sample

B-69
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