XI ECO: A PROJECT REPORT ON

Visit A Slum And Find Out Their Basic Problems

INTRODUCTION:
A slum is an extremely inhabited urban residential sector consisting mostly of closely packed, decrepit housing units in an exceedingly
situation of deteriorated or incomplete infrastructure, colonized primarily by impoverished persons. While slums differ in size and
different characteristics, most lack reliable sanitation services, the offer of unpolluted water, reliable electricity, law enforcement, and
different basic services. The lake receives more water from sewage other than natural bodies because of slums wastes.
Today, the present population growth is outpacing the speed at which cities will answer the necessity for housing. This is often the
very condition underneath which slums thrive and grow out of management.

Dharavi is vicinity in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is regarded as one of the biggest slums in Asia. Dharavi has a neighborhood of
simply over 2.1 sq. kilometers (0.81 sq mi; 520 acres) and a population of concerning 700,000. With a population density of over
277,136/km2 (717,780/sq mi), Dharavi is one of the densest areas within the world.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

The aim of this project is to determine the basic problems of any slum. We have chosen the slum of city Mumbai: DHARAVI.

Objectives:
 To gather information about slum living.
 To be aware of the livelihood of the slum people
 To understand the basic necessities of slum people.
 To recognize basic problems that slums face in day to day life.
 To spread awareness about the basic slum problems.

METHOD AND METHODOLOGY:

The method used to make this project is a reporting method. A report is made on the issues faced by the slum of Mumbai. To make
this report we have used the internet to do our research. By using the internet we came across a great deal of data which helped us
make the best report on the slums. The internet provided us with real-life experiences of people who lived in slums at a point. The
report is created on the basis of various interviews, videos on the reality of slums, a survey made by some people on slums, etc. The
report covers the following problems:

1. Sanitation problem
2. Epidemics
3. Unemployment
4. Poor housing conditions
5. Poverty
6. Safety and violence
7. Health and well being
8. Overcrowded homes

DETAIL REPORT OF PROJECT:

The Dharavi slums face tons of issues like noise, water, and air pollution; it additionally has no waste or drainage systems.

 Sanitation problem
Dharavi has severe issues with public health. In addition, with the restricted toilets they need, they’re very filthy and weakened to the
point of being unsafe. Mahim Creek is a native watercourse that’s wide utilized by local residents for urination and defecation inflicting
the unfold of contagious diseases. The open sewers within the town drain to the creek inflicting a spike in water pollutants, septic
conditions, and foul odors. because of the air pollutants, diseases like lung cancer, TB, and respiratory disease are common among
 residents. There are government proposals with reference to improving Dharavi’s sanitation problems. The residents have a
neighborhood where they wash their garments in water that individuals defecate in. This spreads the quantity of illness as doctors
need to cope with over 4,000 cases of infectious disease on a daily basis. there’s also an average of one bathroom per 500
individuals

 Epidemics
Dharavi has toughened a long history of epidemics and natural disasters, generally with vital loss of lives. The primary plague to
devastate Dharavi, alongside different settlements of Mumbai happened in 1896, once nearly 1/2 the population perished. A series of
plagues and different epidemics continued to have an effect on Dharavi, and Mumbai generally, for the subsequent 25 years, with
high rates of mortality. Dysentery epidemics are common throughout the years and explained by the high population density of
Dharavi. Different epidemics reported embodying infectious disease, cholera, leprosy, meiosis, and poliomyelitis, through recent
years. As an example, in 1986, youngster’s infectious disease epidemic was reported, wherever most patients were residents of
Dharavi. Typical patients to arrive in hospitals were in late and important care condition, and therefore the mortality rates were
abnormally high. In recent years, cases of drug-resistant T.B. are reported in Dharavi.

 Unemployment
 Due to lack of skills and education also as competitive job markets. Several slum dwellers face high rates of unemployment. The limit
of job opportunities causes several of them to use themselves within the informal economy, within the slum or in developed urban
areas close to the slum. This can typically be the licit informal economy or illicit informal economy while not operating contract or any
social insurance. A number of them are seeking jobs at an equivalent time and a few of these can eventually realize jobs in formal
economies once gaining some professional skills in informal sectors.

Examples of licit informal economy embody street peddling, home enterprises, product assembly, and packaging, creating garlands
and embroideries, domestic work, shoe sharpening or repair, driving manual rickshaws, construction employees or manually driven
provision, and handicrafts production. In some slums, individuals sort and recycle trash of various types (from house garbage to
electronics) for a living – merchandising either the odd usable merchandise or denudation broken product for components or raw
materials.

Examples of illicit informal economy embrace banned substance and weapons trafficking, drug or moonshine/changaa production,
vice crime and gambling – all sources of risks to the individual, families, and society.

 Poor housing conditions

Poor infrastructure forces the poor to adapt to conditions on the far side his or her management. Poor families that can’t afford
transportation, or those that merely lack any sort of cheap public transportation, typically end up in squat settlements within walking
distance or close enough to the place of their employment. Poor quality, unpaved streets encourage slums; the tenth increase in
made-up all-season roads reduces slum incidence rate by regarding 0.35%. Cheap conveyance and economic infrastructure
empower poor individuals to maneuver and think about housing choices apart from their current slump.

 Poverty
Urban poorness encourages the formation and demand for slum with a fast shift from rural to urban life, poorness migrates to urban
areas. The urban poor arrives with hope and extremely very little of anything. He or she usually has no access to shelter, basic urban
services, and social amenities. Slums are typically the sole choice for the urban poor

 Safety and violence

Some suggest that crime is one of the most concerns in slums. Empirical information suggests crime rates are higher in some slums
than in non-slums, with slum homicides alone reducing the life expectancy of a resident in a Dharavi slum by seven years than for a
resident in close non-slum. In some cases, officers have sent within the military to regulate slum criminal violence involved drugs and
weapons. Rape is another serious issue associated with crime in slums. In slums, as an example, one-fourth of all young women are
raped every year. Rather crime is one of the symptoms of slum dwelling; therefore slums incorporate more victims than criminals.
Consequently, slums altogether don’t have consistently high crime rates; slums have the worst crime rates in sectors maintaining the
influence of illicit economy – like drug traffic, brewing, vice crime, and gambling –. Usually, in such circumstance, multiple gangs fight
for management over revenue. Usually, police can’t scale back crime because, due to ineffective urban planning and governance,
slums set inefficient crime interference system. Such issues aren’t primarily because of community indifference. Leads and knowledge
intelligence from slums are rare, streets are slender and a possible death traps to patrol, and lots of within the slum community have
an inherent distrust of authorities from worry starting from eviction to assortment on unpaid utility bills to general law and order.
Women in slums are at bigger risk of physical and sexual violence. Slums are usually non-secured areas and ladies usually risk
sexual violence once they walk alone in slums late in the dead of night

 Health and well being

Because unplanned settlements are generally not connected to basic services like clean water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities,
residents are at great risk of acquiring water-borne and metabolism diseases.

High population density, lack of correct bathrooms and shut proximity of homes permit diseases to unfold quickly. This creates a true
risk for big populations UN agency are typically unable to access adequate health facilities to induce treatment in time.

 Overcrowded homes
Overcrowding is another characteristic of slums. Several dwellings are single space units, with high occupancy rates. Every home is
also cohabited by multiple families. 5 and more persons might share a one-room unit; space is employed for cookery, sleeping, and
living. Overcrowding is additionally seen close to sources of drinkable, cleaning, and sanitation where one bathroom could serve
dozens of families.

However, the density and neighborhood effects of slum populations may provide a chance to focus on health interventions. There are
also lots of bad effects on the environment because of festivals.

ANALYSIS OF DATA:
The conditions in slums are unacceptable. The settlements are inbuilt tiny, engorged areas, close to airports, railway lines and
industries, rivers and different water bodies, and markets This is often not solely insanitary however also creates complications
throughout monsoon once there’s flooding throughout significant rains. There is no regular provider of water through pipes. Used and
dirty water isn’t properly disposed of through coated pipes but is simply roughly directed far away from the Settlements. Since there’s
no correct sewerage or waste disposal system, garbage is accumulated close to the slums or thrown into the water bodies just in case
the slums are close to a water body. There aren’t any correct sanitation facilities, and people tend to defecate publicly. There’s no
regulated provider of electricity in slums, creating living conditions very poor. Finally, the quality of living is very poor. The existence of
such conditions makes it easier for individuals living here to contract diseases and simply unfolds infectious diseases because many
people sleep in shut quarters.

CONCLUSION:
After analyzing the data, the conclusion of it is drawn that slums basic problems are extremely serious. The basic need of a person is
not met. And every year there’s a significant increase in the slums. The government should take major decisions about slum and
poverty of the country. They should provide slums with the very least of a hygienic habitat to survive in. the visit to the slums of
Mumbai made me realize is to how lucky we are to have a decent living. We should take measures to eradicate the slums by helping
the government make some proper living conditions for the slum people.
 The major issue which is the heart of the creation of slums is POVERTY. The visit to slums gave an insight into the worst living
conditions ever witnessed. And also gave us an insight into the level of poverty that is still there in the country.

Lastly, the conclusion of this visit and this report has made us realize the darker side of the world and its horrible problems. The best
way to conclude this project is to actually start working towards improving the conditions of the slums.

DISCUSSION:
The discussion about this project with teachers, friends, peers, and family was serious.

The discussion about this yielded lots of different solutions and suggestions. The outcome of these discussions with various members
was the same. The majority of discussions surrounded on the points of unhygienic living conditions, poverty and crime. The
discussion on a topic like a slum is extremely serious and heart-wrenching at the same time.

SUGGESTION:
There were a lot of suggestions made, opinions given and solutions.

A few of them are mentioned below:

 The government ought to think about providing a legitimate answer to the poor. Most of the days, it’s seen that the rehabilitation
takes place at a location that is much far from the core areas and employability is zero.
 Easy finance and disposition choices at cheap interest rates for upgrading, building an extension of the present shelter should be
created accessible.
 New strategies for making land provide should be tried. Liberating up the unused land lying with government establishments are
used to produce cheap homes.
 If the prevailing homes are being upgraded, municipal authorities ought to upgrade the provisions from time to time

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
My profound gratitude to all the faculty members of the Department, for their timely assistance and encouragement throughout my
research work.

I duly acknowledge the encouragement and support from the research scholars in the department, and all my colleagues and friends.

It gives me immense pleasure to take the opportunity to all the people who are directly or indirectly involved in the completion of my
project based on Visit A Slum And Find Out Their Basic Problems
With deep reverence, I offer my deepest gratitude _____, without whom this project could not have been fulfilled.

Lastly, I thank Almighty, my parents, family members, friends and teachers for their constant encouragement and support without
which this project would not be possible.

Name of School/College

BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCE :
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharavi
 https://www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk/what-we-do/slum-rehabilitation/what-is-a-slum/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum
 http://theriskyshift.com/2012/07/mumbais-largest-slum-more-than-meets-eye/
 https://www.proptiger.com/guide/post/10-step-strategy-to-eradicate-slums
 https://www.gktoday.in/gk/article-on-problem-of-slums-in-india/
 https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-basic-problems-of-slums-in-India-and-the-solution-on-them
 https://dharavislumindia.weebly.com/dharavi-problems.html