314 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas The term “Calculus” was derived from a Latin word “calx’ which means “stone” and from a Greek word “chalis" which means “limestone” In 1684, a German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz published his early work on calculus, while an English astronomer, physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton made an early study on the subject in 1665 but did not published his work until 1704. These two mathematicians are now considered as the founders of today's calculus. The subject Calculus is divided into four areas namely, differential calculus, integral calculus, differential equations and calculus of variation. Differential Calculus is a branch of mathematics which deals with derivatives and limits. A. Algebraic Functions: dc a. 5. a du, dv 2 Foye 6. a dv du nye ev z 3 Fume 2 wu ye a fy) ee 8 ay B. Exponential Functions: 8 ty a a¥ ina SH ety gu 9. 5a") =atina 10. Fety=e'Differential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 315 C. Logarithmic Functions: du 4 log, e <4 11 (logy u) = d 12. He (lost0 u)= aaa 13. D. Trigonometric Functions: die du d 2, du 14. <(sinu) = cosuS* 17. “ (cotu) =-csc? uS* ae ox «o) dx d any tu 4 du 15. =-sinu 18. =secutanuSS ax (C088) = sinus 8. (secu) = secutanu d 2,,du d du — = — 15 =- — 16. + (tanu) = sec? uS* 9. J (escu) =—cscucotuS €. Inverse Trigonometnic Functions: 1_du dae 20. 2 (sin-1y= a 23 Calas ore aoe e ee 24. a hag ox Bee et aa 22, 4 panty = 25 ox aE ox F. Hyperbolic Functions: de du 26. —(sinhu) = coshu 26 Fe (inh) = coshus a du d du -2 (coshu) = sinhu 27. == cs 27. (coshu) = sinhu ay (Sechu) = ~sechutanh u— 28. 8 anny =sech’u 28. 9 (eschu) = —eschucothu SY x dx ax ax316 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Tips:Critical and stationary points Critical point - a point a in the domain of f(x) if f(a) = 0 or if f(x) is not differentiable at x = a. Stationary points — critical points at which the derivative does not exist (and so equals zero). Bid pou now that... the mast proved theorem in Mathematics is the Pythagorean Theorem which has mare than 370 different proofs! All the 370 different proofs are found in the book entitled “The Pythagorean Proposition’ which was. published in 1940 Proceed to the next page for your 13" test. GOODLUCK! =”