 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ?   ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J١
٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٢
٤  ‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٣
٧ ‫א‬‫א‬
٩ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١١ W٢ J١
 ١١  ‫א‬W٢ J٢
١٧ ‫א‬٢ J٣
١٧  ‫א‬W٢ J٤
١٨ ‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٥
 ٢١  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٦
 ٢٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٧  ‫א‬W٣ J١
٢٧  ‫א‬٣ J٢
 ٢٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٣
 ٤٩  ‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٤
 ٥٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
٥٧ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٩  W٤ J١
٥٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٢
٦٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٣
٦٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٤
 ٦٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٥
٦٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٦
٦٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٧
 ٧٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٧٧ W٥ J١
 ٧٩  ‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٢
 ٨١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٣
 ٨٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٤
 ٩٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٥
 ٩٥  ‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٦
١٠١  ‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٧
 ١٠٣  ‫א‬W٥ J٨
 ١٠٣  ‫א‬W٥ J٩
 ١٠٤  ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٠٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١١٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
١١٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J١
١١٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٢
 ١٢٣ ‫א‬‫א‬W
١٢٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٣
١٣٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
١٣٦ ‫א‬‫א‬
 

   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   
  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    W‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J٣
 ‫א‬       ‫א‬    ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ، 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬  J

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٥٠‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬٦٠٠
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٢‫א‬٩٠‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 W‫א‬١٥٠٠٠٦٠٠‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ FW ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    E‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬١٥٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 W‫א‬ J‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ، ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬      
‫א‬        ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   JW‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬W١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 ‫؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧
 W‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 EKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
١٥٠٠٦٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬١٥٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W٧

٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√F
  JW
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦
 
 EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧
 EF
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١١
 E
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫الصحة المھنية‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
      K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

١٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Industrial Hygiene‫א‬‫א‬
 
      W٢ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Recognition‫א‬٢ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ J١
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢ J١ ‫א‬     F ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ،  ،
 ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 Inhalation‫א‬  J
 Absorption‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 Ingestion‫א‬  J
 Accidental Injection‫א‬‫א‬  J
 

١١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ٢ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Inhalation‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
Particulate Matters‫א‬ J
Gases and Vapors‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
Dusts J١
Fumes J٢
Mists‫א‬ J٣
 Fibers J٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢‫א‬
 
١٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J١
KEK٢ J٣ ‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬
K٢٥0.1‫א‬‫א‬
Non –  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ١٠   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Respirable
Respirable‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬


 
 
 ٢ J٣‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ J٢
KE٢ J٤‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K١‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

 
 ٢ J٤‫א‬

١٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KF ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
KE٢ J٥

 ٢ J٥‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬       ‫א‬     ‫א‬
KE٢ J٦‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  
 ٢ J٦‫א‬
 
 
 
١٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PPM
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Mg/M³
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  F/cc
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  TLV-TWA
 ٤٠
١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ TLV-STEL
 K‫א‬‫א‬٤–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  TLV-C
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PEL - TWA
 K٤٠
١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PEL – STEL
 K‫א‬‫א‬٤–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  PEL - C

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٧
 

١٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W٨‫א‬
‫א‬٨‫א‬‫א‬
٨‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬X
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
CaTa + CbTb +….+ CnTn
PEL-TWA = ------------------------------------------------
  8
 W
‫א‬‫א‬100 ppm٨‫א‬‫א‬
 W
150 ppm  
75 ppm  
 50 ppm  ٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  150 X 2 + 75 X 2 + 50 X 4
PEL – TWA = ----------------------------------- = 81.25
8
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K٤150 PPM‫א‬‫א‬(100 PPM)
 WPhysical HazardsW‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Heat K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
  Light      ‫א‬ J٢
 Noise    ‫א‬ J٣
 Radiation     ‫א‬ J٤
 Atmospheric Pressure‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 Vibration ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 
١٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٢ J٣

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Engineering Hazards: W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ J٤
 W
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ Mechanical Hazards W‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Electrical HazardsW‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬Ergonomics HazardsW‫א‬ J
 WEvaluation‫א‬٢ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 WControl‫א‬٢ J٤
E٧ J٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Elimination‫א‬‫א‬ J
Substitution‫א‬ J
Isolation‫א‬ J
Engineering Control ‫א‬‫א‬ J
Administration Control ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 Use PP ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

١٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E‫א‬F٢ J٨‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥
HAZARDOUS (CLASSIFIED) LOCATIONS
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K

١٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WCLASS I LOCATION‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ J١
– ‫א‬  F ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 E٢ J٩FE…‫א‬–‫א‬
 WCLASS II LOCATIONS ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬ –‫א‬F 
 E٢ J١٠FE…‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 WCLASS III LOCATIONS ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ J٣
–‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢ J١١FE…‫א‬
  ‫א‬    EClassesF   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 EDivisionsF
 WDIVISION I E١F  J١
        ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Normal Conditions ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E٢ J٩FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٢ J٩
 
 

١٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WDIVISION II E٢F  J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬F
 E٢ J١٠FK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٢ J١٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٢ J١١
‫א‬‫א‬   Divisions ‫א‬ Classes ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   Class I ‫א‬   EF  EF  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Group A EF -

٢٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Group B EF -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Group C EF -
 EKK‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Group D EF -
‫א‬ Class II‫א‬EFEF‫א‬
 Conductivity‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  Group E EF -
 E…‫א‬F‫א‬  Group F EF -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  Group E EF -
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W  J
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WClass I‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٣&١٢‫א‬FExplosion proof
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 
 
٢ J١٢‫א‬

٢١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢ J١٣‫א‬
 
 WClass II‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 WClass III ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EHousingF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

٢٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬100 PPM ‫א‬
 100
150
 50‫א‬٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Group C ، Group AW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
Group D
Group ،Group EW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 F
EClass IF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 
 ECFEF–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫ א‬
E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E F‫א‬

٢٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 E 

٢٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧


٢٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

 W‫א‬٣ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
American National Safety Institute (ANSI)
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  -
KProperly Fitting
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  -
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣
 WHead ProtectionW‫א‬٣ J٣ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬       

٢٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE٣ J١F‫א‬

     

٣ J١
         ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ J١ J١ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣ J٢‫א‬
 
 
 
 
   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
٣ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ J١ J١ J
 E٣ J٣F(Type 2)٢‫א‬(Type 1)١‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

٢٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 Type 2 - Peak Type 1 – Full Brim
 ٣ J٣
 Classes‫א‬
 WClass A (or G)–‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E‫א‬٢٢٠٠F‫א‬
 WClass B (or E)–‫א‬ J
 ، ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE٣٢٠٠٠٠F‫א‬
 WClass C–‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
WFace & Eye ProtectionW‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
Face ‫א‬Safety Glasses ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Safety Goggles
 E٣ J٤FShield

   
 ٣ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Chipping / Grinding ‫א‬L‫א‬ J
Chemicals Handling  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
٢٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 Furnaces Operations   ‫א‬‫א‬  J

Dust Generation ‫א‬‫א‬ J
Welding Operations   ‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٢ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣ J٥F
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ١
 ٩،٨،٧ ‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ،    
 
F ١٠ ، ٢  ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢  ١٠ ‫ א‬‫א‬،
 E‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١،٩   ،  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
١٠ ٧،٨،٩ ،‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
،A٧ ،٦ ،٥ ،٤ ،٣ ،١  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ١٠،A٨
 E،٦،٥،٤١٠F٢ ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 
 
 
 

٣٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٣ J٥F‫א‬
 
WEar ProtectionW‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٣
٨٥    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٣ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 

٣١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

Ear MuffsW‫א‬٣ J٣ J٣ J

‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ،  ٣٥ – ١٥   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
 E J٣ J٦FK١٢٠٩٠‫א‬‫א‬
Ear Plugs W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٣ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٠ – ٢٠‫א‬ 
 E J J J٣ J٦FK١١٥–٨٥
 ١٣٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥٠  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

 
 
     

    
 
 
  
‫ ج‬-٣-٦ ‫شكل‬ ‫ ب‬-٣-٦ ‫شكل‬ ‫أ‬-٣-٦ ‫شكل‬

 

 OSHA Hearing Conservation Program‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٤

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
٣٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٤ J١

‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E J٣ J٧F‫א‬‫א‬
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
           
      ٣ J٧   
     
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

٣٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

‫א‬، ‫א‬E‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬٣ J٣ J٤ J٢
  ‫א‬  (dB) ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ٨٥، ٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٤ J٣

Duration Per Sound Level

 Day,  dBA
 Hours ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1½ 102
1 105
¾ 107
½ 110
¼ 115
    F ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  J‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ H  E‫א‬ F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬KKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٤ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨٥‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤‫א‬‫א‬
Baseline  E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 KAudiograms
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Baseline Audiograms ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
KAnnual Audiograms‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ١٠    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     
 ٤٠٠٠، ٣٠٠٠، ٢٠٠٠W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
:Foot ProtectionW‫א‬٣ J٣ J٥
، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ٣ J٨‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬

  
 ٣ J٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٥ J١
‫א‬   ‫א‬         J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬
     ‫א‬       
K‫א‬‫א‬
 Antistatic‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

WRespiratory ProtectionW‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 Air-Supplying Respirators‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
Air-Purifying Respirators‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٦ J١
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،E٣ J٩ F
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬ F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

٣٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     



 ٣ J٩
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٦ J٢
 W J J٣ J١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  J٣ J١٠‫א‬
 
 

٣٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

  
  J٣ J١٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    J
K٪١٩{٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
KEIDLHF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬  –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 K  J٤
 WRespirator SelectionW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٦ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KESCBAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٩{٥

٣٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪١٩{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETLVF
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ J٤
،EIDLHF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETLVF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  Half Mask ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
Full Face-Piece   ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 KMask
Fit TestingW‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ J٣ J٦ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F W‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ESealsF ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Negative Pressure Testing‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٦ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٣ J١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٠‫א‬ECollapsedF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،ECollapsedF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KESealedF‫א‬

٤٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 ٣ J١١‫א‬
 WPositive Pressure Testing‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٦ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬      J
 E٣ J١٢F‫א‬
 

 
 ٣ J١٢‫א‬
 
 
 WMedical Consideration‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٦ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬٣ J٣ J٦ J٨

٤١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    J١
‫א‬‫א‬
K
  Organic Solvents ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   J٣
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬       ‫א‬     J٥
KSealable Plastic Bags
 
WSafety Belts and Life LineW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ 
KE٣ J١٣
Safety ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  Harness
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ٣ J١٣‫א‬
 
 
 
 
٤٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 WHand ProtectionW‫א‬٣ J٣ J٨

‫א‬‫א‬Safety Gloves‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 E٣ J١٤FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
٣ J١٤
PVC OR LATEX Gloves‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  
E٣ J١٥FKNEOPRENE‫א‬

 
 ٣ J١٥
 ‫א‬  Heat Resistance Gloves ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣ J١٦FK‫א‬

 
 ٣ J١٦
 

٤٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

:Body ProtectionW‫א‬٣ J٣ J٩

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   J١
٣ J١٧‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K٣ J١٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

 ٣ J١٧٣ J١٨

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PPE‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J١٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

A Safety Glasses ‫نظارة زجاجية‬

٤٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

B ‫نظارة زجاجية‬
Safety Glasses Gloves ‫قفازات‬

C ‫نظارة بالستيك‬
Safety
‫قفازات‬ ‫مريلة بالستيك‬
Gloves Apron
Glasses

D ‫حامى الوجه‬ ‫قفازات‬

‫مريلة بالستيك‬
Apron
Face Shield Gloves

E ‫نظارة بالستيك‬
‫قفازات‬
‫كمامة أتربة‬
Safety Dust Mask
Glasses Gloves

F ‫نظارة زجاجية‬
Safety
‫قفازات‬
Gloves ‫مريلة بالستيك‬
‫كمامة أتربة‬
Dust Mask
Glasses Apron

٤٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

G ‫نظارة بالستيك‬
Safety ‫قفازات‬ ‫كمامة ضد األبخرة‬
Glasses Gloves Vapor Resp.

H ‫نظارة بالستيك‬
‫قفازات‬ ‫مريلة بالستيك‬
‫كمامة ضد األبخرة‬
Vapor Resp.
Safety
Gloves Apron
Goggle

I ‫نظارة بالستيك‬
‫قفازات‬ ‫كمامة ضد األبخرة‬
Safety
Glasses Gloves ‫واألتربة‬
Dust & Vapor Resp.

J ‫نظارة بالستيك‬ ‫قفازات‬ ‫كمامة ضد األبخرة‬

Safety Gloves ‫مريلة بالستيك‬ ‫واألتربة‬
Goggle Apron Vapor &
Dust Resp.

٤٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

K ‫حذاء طويل‬
‫قفازات‬ Long Boot
‫قناع تنفس مع‬ Gloves
‫خرطوم تزويد‬
‫بدلة حماية كاملة‬
‫ھواء‬
Full Suit
Mask +
Airline

‫اإلستفسار من المشرف عن نوع مھمات الوقية الشخصية المطلوبة‬

X ‫للحماية من مخاطر ھذه المادة‬

Ask Your Supervisor For Special Handling
Instructions

٤٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

W‫א‬٣ J ٣ J١١

‫مادة حارقة‬
CORROSIVE

‫مادة متفجرة‬
EXPLOSIVE

‫مادة شديدة االشتعال‬

HIGHLY FLAMMABLE

‫مادة مشـــــعة‬
RADIO ACTIVE

‫مادة سريعة التفاعل‬

REACTIVE

‫مادة سامة‬
TOXIC

 
 
 
 

٤٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 Safety Signs & Signals‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
The American ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  EOSHAF
 KNational Standards Institute (ANSI)
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ANSI , OSHA
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫ א‬DANGER   RED‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  STOP   RED‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬BIOSAFETY  Fluorescent Orange
Orange - ‫א‬‫א‬
 Red
‫א‬    ‫א‬  Yellow‫א‬
‫א‬ – ‫א‬  CAUTION
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  Orange‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ WARNING

٤٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  SAFETY‫א‬  Green‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
–‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬–‫א‬   Blue‫א‬
Information
، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫ א‬ ‫א‬ L ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  Boundaries  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Magenta‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، Radiation
Caution
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Danger Signs  ‫א‬  J
Caution Signs  ‫א‬  J

 Safety Instruction Signs ‫א‬‫א‬  J

 WDanger Signs‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 J١٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W٣

 
 ٣ J١٦

٥٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 WCaution Signs‫א‬ J
KPotential Hazards J
E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬٣ J١٧‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ٣ J١٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K٣ J١٨‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ٣ J١٨
 WANSI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤ J٢
Danger Signs    ‫א‬  J
Warning Signs    ‫א‬ J
Caution Signs   ‫א‬ J
Notice Signs   ‫א‬ J
General Safety Signs  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

٥١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

Fire Safety Signs   ‫א‬‫א‬ J

 

    
     

  

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ANSI
 W
 WHigh Hazard Materials‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 WLow Hazard Materials‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WFire Suppression Materials‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(steam 100 ٢ L ١٠٠ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
   E١٠٠F ‫א‬   E‫א‬ F ‫א‬  PSIG)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٥٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣ J١٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ٣ J١٩
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣ J٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣ J٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 E٣ J٢٠F
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ،٥  ١{٢٥ J،٧٥
 ،٧٥  ٢–١{٥٠
 ١{٢٥  ٦–٢{٥٠
 ٢{٥٠  ١٠–٨
 ٣{٥٠  ١٠
٥٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 

 
 
٥٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  JWECFEF
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
E
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
E
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
EF٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
EF٣٥ J١٥‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٨
E
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٩
 E
٥٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١١
EF‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٢
 
 
 













٥٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     







 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
٥٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
٥٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 Hand and Power Tools
 
 W‫א‬٤ J١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
F K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ K٢
 E٤ J١

 
 
 
 
 
 ٤ J١
 K‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

٥٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
  ‫א‬          
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١١
K‫א‬EFilesF‫א‬ K١٢
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K١٣
K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
      ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K١٤
K
Insulated F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K١٥
KEHandles
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٦
EMovable Jaw WrenchF – ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K١٧
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤ J٢FK‫א‬

 
 
 
 ٤ J٢

٦٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

E٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ٤ J٣
Grounded‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
On F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٠
K‫א‬E/ Off Switch
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢١
‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  EF     J٢٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬    J٢٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٤
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٥
‫א‬‫א‬،
Safety  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬Goggles
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٦
K‫א‬

٦١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٧

K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J٢٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
W‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫ א‬-
W‫א‬ J٢
K‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫ א‬-
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  -
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬
 
 

٦٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 Machine Hazards‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ -
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥ J٢
Point of Operation‫א‬  J١
In-E٤ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 Running Nip Points

 
 ٤ J٤
 

٦٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ J٦
WCutting‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 
 ٤ J٥
 
WShearing‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤ J٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 ٤ J٦
 
WStabbing and Puncturing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٦٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 J٧F‫א‬
 KE٤
 

  
 ٤ J٧
 
WImpact‫א‬ J
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ٤ J٨
 
WEntanglement‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE& J٤ J٩FK
 

٦٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 

 
  J٤ J٩

 
  J٤ J٩
WFriction and Abrasion‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J١٠FK‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ٤ J١٠
WCrushing‫א‬ J
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 E٤ J١١FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 ٤ J١١
 
WProjectiles and Energy Release‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WMachine Safeguards‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٧
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 WMachine Layout‫א‬٤ J٧ J١
،E٤ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 

 
 ٤ J١٢
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٧ J٢
Guards‫א‬‫ א‬K١
Devices‫ א‬K٢
Location/Distance‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
Potential Feeding and ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
Ejection .Methods
 KMiscellaneous‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
WGuards‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤ J١٣FK‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 ٤ J١٣
 WInterlock‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J١٤FK‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ٤ J١٤
 WAdjustable Guard‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J١٥FKBand Saw‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 ٤ J١٥
 
 Wself-Adjusting guard‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J١٦FK‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ٤ J١٦
WDevices‫א‬ J٢
 Photoelectric Cell‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J١٧FKE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

٧٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 ٤ J١٧
 WPullback System‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 E٤ J١٨FK‫א‬

 
 ٤ J١٨
 WRestraint System‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    
 E٤ J١٩FK‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ٤ J١٩

٧١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 WTwo Hand Control‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J٢٠FK‫א‬
 

 
 ٤ J٢٠
 WSafeguarding by Location/Distance‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J٢١FK‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٤ J٢١
 WAutomatic Feeding‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J٢٢
 

 
 ٤ J٢٢

٧٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 WMiscellaneous Methods‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E& J٤ J٢٣FK
 
 
 

 
  J٤ J٢٠ J٤ J٢٣
٨L١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
KE٣F
٦F ¼‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ -
Ring Test‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

٧٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
٧٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

٧٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
:
:‫א‬ J٥ J١
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬ (E.L.C.B) ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
W‫א‬ J٥ J٢
‫ א‬‫א‬-
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬-

- ٧٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬-
:‫א‬‫א‬  J٥ J٣
:‫א‬‫א‬ - 
. ‫א‬‫א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.
.‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
.‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
  .‫א‬
:‫א‬–
. ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
.E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬-
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
  
- ٧٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬،٥ J١‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 ٥ J١
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 E٥ J٢FKE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٥ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬
- ٧٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  

 E٥ J٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٥ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 F ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬      
    ،‫א‬   ‫א‬    KE 
  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٨٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ J٣
 W‫א‬ J
K ، ،‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬  J
  ‫א‬     ،‫א‬  
   ،‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ F  ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ،     ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KEFK،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬K
     ،‫א‬   ١٠٠٠٠٠ ٣٠٠٠    ٢٠ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ،‫א‬    ‫א‬   K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥٠٠ J٣٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬         ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ٥ K٦٠   ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٤‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٥ J٤
 
 

- ٨٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
EF
 J  ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  ٨ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  ١٥ J٨
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J  ٢٠ J١٥
 K
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J  ٥٠ J٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ J  ١٠٠–٥٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢٠٠–١٠٠
 K
 K‫א‬، J  ٢٠٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٨٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٣ – ١ ٩٠ – ٨٠ 

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ٠{١  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٠
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥ – ١٢‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KKE٥٠–٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    K٣٠٠ ٢٥٠  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٦٠
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬     E   F ‫א‬  
 K ٦٠٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥٠٠٤٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬       K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
  K ٦٠٤٠ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬٦٠‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W
 E٥–٥F‫א‬
 – E١F
– E٢F
– E٣F
K‫א‬–،– E٤F
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، –  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
،٪٣{٢ ،٪٣{٧–٪٦{٧
 K٪٠{٤
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E٥ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W J
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٦‫א‬F
 I h =√ 3 U / Rh  W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٥ J٦F
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ F K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥ J٧
 KE٥ J٨‫א‬FK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E٥ J٨F      E٥ J٧F  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬، J
‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥ J٩FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

 

 E٥ J٩F     

  ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
F K‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 E٥ J١٠

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٥ J١٠

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K E ٥ J١١F ‫א‬
 Ut= Ih . Rh    ‫א‬
E ٥ J١١‫א‬F K‫א‬ Rh‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ih
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٥ J١١
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ،    ،‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،

- ٨٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥  J١٢‫א‬FK‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬

    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ٥ J١٣ ‫א‬ 2Kv   
2.5Kv

 ٥ J١٢

 ٥ J١٢

 ٥ J١٣

- ٨٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WKK‫א‬‫א‬ JK
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 . ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
   ‫ א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 . ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 . ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫ א‬ 
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫ א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢٠٠ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬. ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،    ،‫א‬
‫ א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،
 . ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 . ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ J٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٥ J١
K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬  
 ،‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬     ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٨٠ – ٢٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬_
‫א‬، ‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬_
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٣ -
٥ J١٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٥ J٢
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬ J
٦٠٢٥ J٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ،E‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬،
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬
،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،E٥ J١٥F‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ٥ J١٥
W‫א‬‫ א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٥ J١٢‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،
 K
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 E٥ J١٦‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E٥ J١٦F‫א‬
 W‫א‬W‫א‬ J٢
    ،‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬  
 KE٥ J١٧‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬         J٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
E٥ J١٧F     
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J٣
K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬٥–٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬     ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥ J١٨FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J٣
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
،‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ٥ – ٤     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E٥ J١٨F
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬        ‫א‬ 
KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKK‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٢ J٢FK،١٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    
‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬   ٨٠  ٦٠  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K ،‫א‬W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  . ‫א‬
‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٢
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  .‫א‬ ‫א‬   
  . ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J٥
  .‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
.
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-  J٨
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-  J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-  J١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K  ٠٠٠٠ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J١١
.‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     J١٤
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
 .
  .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١٦
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬٥ J٨
 WLock – Out / Tag-out
W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
WTag-Out‫א‬ JLock-Out ‫א‬ J١
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WEnergy Isolation Devices‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KManually Operated Electrical Circuit Breakers
Blind Flanges‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
Disconnect Switches‫א‬‫א‬ -
E‫א‬‫א‬FPadlocks‫ א‬-

WEnergy Resources‫א‬٥ J٩
‫א‬   ‫א‬      E٥ J١٩  F‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
 Electrical Energy ‫א‬‫ א‬-
Mechanical Energy ‫א‬ -
Hydraulic Energy ‫א‬‫ א‬-
Pneumatic Energy  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Chemical Energy  ‫א‬‫ א‬-

Thermal Energy  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
Gases   ‫א‬‫ א‬-
 

 ٥ J١٩
 
 
WAffected Employees‫א‬‫א‬٥ J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ELockout / Tag out ProcedureF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WAuthorized Employee‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ETagsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WSafety Padlock‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WDisconnects‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ – ‫א‬ ‫א‬ – ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬

WResidual Pressure‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J٢
٥ J٢٠KStop Buttons‫א‬
 
 

 
٥ J٢٠
 – ‫א‬   – ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    J٤
‫א‬
KOff‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ – ‫א‬ – ‫א‬
٥ J٢١K
 

٥ J٢١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٥ J٢٢F
W‫א‬
  Off ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J ٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥ J٢٢
‫א‬‫א‬ETagF‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
‫א‬    EOffF ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥ J٢٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

   

 ٥ J٢٣

‫א‬  F ١  ‫א‬    ٧ ، ٦ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   J١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬EOffF‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
K‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 E ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 EOnF ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KETagsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 E‫א‬–‫א‬FW
W٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١١
 ‫א‬‫א‬W١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٣
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W٣
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W٧
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W٨
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬٪KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W٩
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠
 K٪KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W١١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKK
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W١٢
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

  JW‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬E√F

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 EF٢٠٠‫א‬W٥
 EF١٠٠‫א‬W٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠
 EF‫א‬‫א‬W١١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٤
 EF‫א‬W١٥
 EF‫א‬W١٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬W١٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬W١٨
 EF‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩
 EF‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٠
 EF‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬W٢١
EF‫א‬‫א‬٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬W٢٢

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ،‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١ J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٢ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        ،E٦ J١ FK‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
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 ٦ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬    K     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 J٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 E٦
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٦ J٢
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K
 ‫א‬      ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     J
KE‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬    ،‫א‬           
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EFW J٢
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬          ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫ א‬
K 
 K‫א‬‫ א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
            
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦ J٣F
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٦ J٣F      
       W‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦ J٤F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
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 
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E٦ J٤F      
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kx‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬z‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ٨٢  ٥٧  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J١
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K  J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،      
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
G‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦ J٥F‫א‬KD‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٦ J٥F      
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E& J٦ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ J٦‫א‬ J٦ J٦
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 E&٦ J٧F‫א‬K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ J٦ J٧K‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ J٧
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،    ‫א‬       ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
 E&–٧ J٨F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ J٦ J٨K‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ J٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
  ،‫א‬     
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، 
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬K ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬          ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

FIRE SAFETY‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٣
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬٦ J٣ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،     
(Fire ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Chemical Chain Reaction)
 ٦ J٩‫א‬Tetrahedron)
   
 
 
 
   
‫א‬٦ J٩
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Fuel (Combustible Substances)  ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
 Air (Oxygen)  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 Heat (Sources of Ignition) E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 Chain Chemical Reaction ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
٢١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪١٦‫א‬،٪
‫א‬‫א‬
 (LEL)، (Flammability Limits)
٪١{٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(UEL)
‫א‬‫א‬٪ ٩٨{٤‫א‬٪ ١{٦‫א‬‫א‬،٪ ٧
‫א‬٪ ٧‫א‬K‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪ ٩٣
E٪ ٧،٪ ١{٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J١
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  EF     ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  F     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Free Radicals

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WFire Classes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٣ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 (A)W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٦ J١٠ F ‫א‬
 K(ABC)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 ٦ J١٠
 W(B)‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٦ J١١F ‫א‬،‫א‬،
K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 ٦ J١١
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W(C)‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
، E٦ J١٢ F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ (ABC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 ٦ J١٢
 W(D)‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
E٦ J١٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 ٦ J١٣
W(K)‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬    
 K٦ J١٤‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

K
 ٦ J١٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٣ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  J١
‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬  J٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    E‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    (B) ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، (A) ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     (C) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  Free Radicals ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬    
    ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬  W   E٦ J١٥ F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ABC‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦F
   
 K
 
 
 
 ٦ J١٥
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J٣
 ٨٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦ J١٦‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٦ J١٦
 W‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬         (BCF) ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٣ J٤
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J١
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E٦ J١٧ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 

 
 ٦ J١٧
  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J٢
   ، E٦ J١٨F ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٦ J١٨
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬ E٦ J١٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ٦ J١٩
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE٦ J٢٠F‫א‬
   

 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦ J٢٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦ J٣ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
K ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   PASS ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
PULL the pin, this
unlocks the lever and
allows you to
P discharge the
extinguisher
 ‫א‬‫א‬
AIM low: point the
extinguisher nozzle (or
hose) at the base of the
A fire
   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
SQUEEZE the lever
above the handle: this
S discharges the
extinguishing agent
 ‫א‬‫א‬
SWEEP from side to
side moving carefully
S toward the fire
 ‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  JW‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣

 ‫؟‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥

 ‫؟‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J١

‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ _ ‫א‬   J٥

  ‫א‬‫א‬

 J‫א‬ 

  J‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٣٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 (Author)‫א‬ (Name of the reference)‫א‬‫א‬

GUIDE TO ELECTRICALSAFETY AT 
JOHN
WORK
WHITFIELD
K‫א‬-  J١١
http://www.rainbowsafety.co.uk/safety-
Rainbow signs/mandatory-signs/personal-
protection-safety-signs

‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬

OSHA p://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=9871&p_table=STANDARDS

 ‫א‬E&S
E&S http://www.esgroundingsolutions.com/electrical-
grounding-services/grounding-system-evaluations-
audits-and-regulatory-compliance.ph

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 