12-1 ircular Post, in Compression da “, R= 3R= 4800Re— R= léoolb. da" 1.2 in. der 24in, Norma! in Part At a . Oa Ra” Faaet AIS psi e— 8) for Eqval Stresses -BrR _. oke & Ou Re = EGany = Onn I415 psi Solve for R: P, =4800b <— Alternate Selution Ph _ fiche Ooe= “he ¥ de A ae ne Gee Gu dy BeBe on RRL YI dee 12-2 Long Steel Red tm Tensions Ps900N Ls 30m oe L d= 6mm Weight. Density: ¥= 77.0" W: Weight of Rod = ¥ CYolume) 2 AL P+900N rsa, we Pee Xe z = Cte (Som) + gos = 2.3 Mee + BO MR CO F= Compressive force in Piston Red de Diemeter of Picton Rod = 022m. Equililorive ats Brake Pedal EM,= 0 F(2.0in.)- PCO.) =O Got) (Be )= 55 tb Compressive Strees_in Pitton Rod | F 55h 7 . G2 =Founpy 7 1450 pi -— |[1.2-4 ] Aluminum Tube in Compressio t Strain age © Tas 9.679 Tee = 12.334 F . TTensile_stresgeg in the wives Crs® HE = 19,700 pet — Ee S40 «10% Cie TE & 26,100 pie L= 500 mm d,= 60mm d,s SOmm Shortenin: the bar $= EL.= (640 *10%)(600mm) = 0.270 mast — (b) Compressive. Load P S240 MPa As F Laid] =F lGom* (Somes?) = 863.9 mm? P= oA =(40 MPa) (863.9 mm™) =34.6 kN +—— Use the following areas > A. outer rectangle. = (1.2m) (9m) 1.08 ma? Aut As= quarter - cirelar spandrel Appendix D, Case 12) Wires ala Free “body Diagram of Reint B AazAs = U-%) 7? = 0.019314 mt Tia Tec 235° fx 50" of Pier A=AAs-As LO414 mi? GiAverage compressive _ stress ak =aiRR = 7.20 MPae— Q)loordinaies of Centroid C From tymmetry, Y= 4 (0.9m) = 0ASm<—— 6 d= 25 wile =0.025 in. a An EE 24909 x10 mt Y x WeISh Equations of Eqpilibrivm ZFe=O ~The cos + Toe Cos 20 L£Fy20 Thu smXK +TacinB-W =O Substitute. numerical valves: ~The (0.8108) + Tic (0642.79) =O TBs @-57358) + Tee (0.76604) = [5 fo BEAL (See Chapter: 12, Sechion 12.2) for Area L: X= (2m) = 0.6m [CONT. |12-6 CONT. For Arca 2 or 3: Ko %s= 0.9m + zeny Car_on inclined track Fige ~ body diagram of car Ww = 0.9m + 0.23299 m WeWeight ef car = 1.13294 m TaTenle fore m X= E1TKA— 22,Ag] T eksAngle: of Metine. 1 = pana LO-e-NCL0nm*) As Effective avea % 1.132% mX(0.01934 m)] of cable 0.580m <—— B,,R.=Wheel ‘ (ne Friction force between Wheels and. rails) vilibrium in the inclined direction FeO Gh ye T-Weint=0 T= Wenn Tensile. In the cable al = Num ena a Substitvre_numerical valves? WHO KN = K=Z2° AW 480 mnt 6 = Sug enGsin 2°) Gn 29) = 21 Mm Equilibrium in the inclined divection Ho—e BF A..F Misinetno Retuining wall braced by wood shores wel raced By weed Sores T= Wein Tensile stress in the cable Avorea of one Or = La Wand A=(6.0m)(6.0 im.) a = 36 nz Substitvtc numerical values: Wel@k A&=30° Asx 0471 int Or ENE) = 1a est aCus Coss Cra lsinee Equilibrivm ZMi20 OO FSF) © Cvi2F4) +Cn 5H) =O G5 KMS fe) + Cin 30°12 f+) + Coss fr) =O 2. C2 30.83K Compressive. stress in shore. 30.83K _ J EASE 20.856 si crane with girder and cable HeLém L,=3.0m As Sa mom c u te Tron Free -body ara of girder T e- Tetensile force A A ar =I " ¢ im cable t Bom Sm P32 [Cont + 12-10 CONT] 4 ents) Cashorizontal component of C | “Tensile foree tn cable ~™*¥ e c Cer vertical component of C | Ts FRESE = GomroGemF = loz" (Average Strain in cable. LatlSm Aveffective area af} s c of Cable a: . q 12 4 Equilibrivn 2M,=0 DO Fy (B-Om) = (32 KN)A.S mm) = O a 48kN br. 3.0m 0m 6 Tas HUHP) 1 tensile Strece_in Cable. 102 KN nate ae oly ee T. oats Le length of cable LVR*=LF = 34m §astvetch of cable $= 5.1 mm $, Blmm = 1500 «107° en » << Gs? aa crane With girder and cable H=9f L=12F Lartfe An effective: aven pes moat nd +4000 Ib Free ~body diagram of due sable Pa Te tensile ' eb” Jeaocots Eqpilibrivm EMA20 PD > TiCirte) C000 te) C16 fe) =O Ty 12,000 b eb pt sh G) =(2,000 8) (3) = le,000%“Tensile force. tn Cable, Ts [TESTE « [Cems Cz conye = 20,0006 Average Tensile stress_in. cable. 200 le © 42,500 pci — aT. Bocow TK? Canine in in Le of cole LVHF4LE = ISS $+ stretch of cable §+0.382 In. eed = = 2120%10°%. 0.202 Ws) orked ¥ Le ve of st side of nite br a slale Y= Weight densi ot reinforced cb We weight of slab atte Dale = LVz Dimensions of - AB. eh chedy diagram of heok at point A Wi Tatensile force ina cable. u te of diagonal of slale ae cable. = eee od TTT Coble AB wT gh) (DD 12-12 CONT! eats, 2 Fur =O fo | WAT =O Tw (ea.2) + Combine Eqs. () & (2) 7 ae) ey ER 2 Tensile. Stress na calole ‘Aa effective ores-cecttmal area of a cable. T Oa = Ne <-— Subetivie numerical valves and cbtwin Oe! L=25m b8225 wm As190 mm* He LG o Se 24 et We YLAE = (24 HYfnd) (2.5 o)® (225 mam) =33.75 kh Or Paws = 66.2 MPa tating Bar = Avaply, speed Oo kB Azcrms~ aves! e © Xe weight density 3s Liamass density i We wish 4p find the axial force Fic bathe bar at Section D, distance % from the midpoint C. Teoh uals the inertia farce. of OTe voting Vor from Din ©. die wet CONT. erties an element of mass dM at $ from the midpoint C. The var ranges | from X to L- dM-ZA aSTlensik tests of three materials AF «Inertia force Ceonerifogat force) of element of mass dF= Cam) (g10%) =F Auras fre {ars fF “Eawrsas =¥A iaet (-x2) Tensile stress tm bar at wpe x Orne we x4) <— (6) Maxt mum setae stress wrt — 24 Percent Le = 50mm Forcent elongation = (1) (100) €a.1) where Li is in millimeters. —_—- ou = Apcb= (00) = (-I )loo Rercent reduction in rea = Asa G00) d= Final diameter ol Hanging _wive of length L_ W= fotal weight oe mnestmadd copper wire. = wig! she ‘tes of copper X20 Ope = a 580 Uf, Bue weight density of sea water =63-BhLS rf A> cross-sectional area of wire] @) Wire hanging in air We¥eAL, Sux = ao Lowe Seat = ZEPer (144 8p,2) =6470 fr <— b) Wive hanging In sea water Fetensile force at top of wire, Fe (8-8 AL Free =F (be SL Ou we 28 a a = cig, ne) Lane = 2 =7310 f& <— do initial diamebor de = 12mm H=(4 (Ay Percent reduction in area = LI~(4)*]&100) where. dy is in mii meters (2.2) ee Dectile. Strength = to -weight ratio vitimate stress OF for each material The is obtained from, Table H-3, Appendix H, ged He weght deity 8 is ah seed From Table The strength -4o - weight ratio (feet) Ie Reses = PURE (lo! Ma Cine) =F (en10®)$= elongation of bar CD J=L3-L, =0.0653L Strain bar cd = 2 by From the ctress- Strain diagram of Fig. iz: CRA) kei on B40 MR <— Titaniom has a high Strength -te-welght Symmetrical framevorle ratio, which is why i 1S Used In space vehicles and high-performance. alrplanes. Aluminum alloy Aluminum Is much higher than order ange Steel which wukes it desirable for Eg? 0.0713 commercial aiveraft. Nylon and some P words have a higher vatto than Use, streas- strain diagram of Figure I-13 4 5 2 YY Ir length of bar BD * Lye distance BC ordinary sheet SL eoth«L (cot48") =0.4004L. Latlength of bar cd sLcecot= L (ese 46") =1L.3456! aptnin diaara Fiver 1912. mn of bar BD =Egnl CS Lelength of bar BD Ly distance BC - Leotec cL (etSo'yeossqu| bsX/Li +O eal) = (foro E rome Lye length of bare 313994 L aL ceete LleaS0") 1.50641. 1 f= clongation of barr CD e mn of bar BD= Ego §+L,-L, = 0.0538L Ew L * 0.0839L Strain in bac = & =22522L. ao.0400 Ly=distonce CE ner Ly ~ hacer Le=JT} + @ ent} = eam ot Graceny] From the sheas- strain diagram of Figure 1-13: *1.3707 L. On 32ksi <+—“Tensile tect of a plastic poten stress-strain daha given th the. iy Statement, plot thevstress ~éhain jo.00010 Jo.o0020 Stress y Jo.00100 Brita) . lc. 00166 00196 fo.00215 0.00235 lo-00270 0-c0a1s 0.00480 e005 10 00660 o-ct5> loose loo2s35 [0.05640 Strain, Oe ere Tortora leat Ort 24 IMR i lus of elasticity (slope) 22 4GRer] cn OF = yield sete ot 0.2% offset (rs) Oy = 53M% <— Material is brittle, because the Stain after the proportional limit Yexceated is nasa Srnall, <— or test of high-strength steel d,=0.505 In. Lo=Z.00 in. 0.0200 0.0400 0.0600 A= age = 0.200 in? Strain Conventional stress and sivain Enlargement of part of the stress-strain Curve: o-k 6a be 100,14-1 CONT. Renmanent Sob = Enl =-(0.0021) (60m) ON Proportional mit 265,000 psi @—— Final length 15 O.13 w. longer than Modulus of elasticity (slope) ~30 «10° pei the original length. —<—— Yield stvess at 01% offset 2 69,000p wm) 21.5 mm Firal les is 15 mm longer than the orlginal levgth. -—— bar in tension Le loin d= 0.70 mn. Pai2.5 k See Fie. 1-13 for street ‘vain dlagrane Slope from O te A Is 10x 108 pai.Sivecs aad strain ot point & sl2Sk . nf Koray: 732-5 ks From Fig 13? Eg 30.05 Elastic recovery Ga = IS EE ea 2 = 0.003, Bee 25 Rectiwal strain Cx x *Ep- €x# 005 0.00825 = 0.047 hte eecreey BE ete ) Pernmnent sot = Ea» (0.047}lein) 0,75 in. tte Q)Proportional timit when reladed =m Og 732.5 kei e— L= 150 mm From 0'-€ diagram’ Ab point At (Jn), <88 MP €x= 0.002. = Gen = BBM Slepe =“ Ea"= "9.002. Stress and strain ot point B Sant = Frome = O00 From o°-€ diagram Oe" (Om) ,=1CO Mm =44 Gm 6x = Ey ~ Gg =0.006- 0.00364 =0.00236 QPermanent sof = gl = (0.00286) 750mm) £L77 am <——— QPreportional lawit when reloaded = (On)2. =160 4 ——

i decrease in | ) (Mins means (anys, means decrease. tn i fon ‘ Cio pane - cae neh ot Assume Hooke’s law ren for the ny Axial stress Axial Sess, | T= EC = “5G ‘GaEe= - Ad Gis means, crapennive cea) pa . tne mene compressive hece) nie force, p= lola EAM Po BEd, Bde Substitvte: numerical valves? Pa Ri4so kiN TS in NCO. in) 74. 3k. (0.30)¢2.25 ms.) ao Wie Note: oa £ = 4.1 ksi, wie Senor Note: ons E =43k6i , which is less tan the Alow inv = in tension Vie sivecs fr high Strength cteel. | L*3.0m dado ss E134" De = $= 1.0mm GOGI-TS ateral hain 6'a -VE= re Table H-2: E*70GR 1=0.33 = 0.007778 Table H-3: O%= 270 MPa Gsinos means shortening ) Strain 6/2 ab Ad _=0-012m™ «9 py 100 tai Lateral Strain Pas One ened = (p.000rr1s}(eomm) 30,0233 mm (170.3 MPa) (A) (30mm) =I20kKK —— Bar of ronel metal in tension d=0.30in. P= 2500 bb. VY =0.32 La15m. E= 25,000 kei Axial Sivess O=Re Fac GrWis sirece ic lees than the yield stress, so Heoke’s law ts applicable.) e+ Fn 2H ano0105 25,000 | $= €L= (0.001415 )CI5 in.) =0.02IZin=e—|] Ex lb,000Ki- e's ve = (0.82 \(0.001415) Ad =|é'ld = (00004528) (0-80 m) 000 136 in. Decrease in Crocs - Sectional area Original aren A= Ra* Final fovea Aas E(d-ad)"= Bf d*2dad Oh] Decrease In avea =AA= AAs, = Blad)(2d- Ad) Recent decrease in aren $4. oo) = Ba Ge-A4) Goo) = (0.000126 in) (0.5999 in.) {0-30 in.) (loo) 50.00 —— 25001635370 psi High-Strength Steel wive in torsion] d= 3mm $= 3T.tmm Late PaZ.SkN Ad=0.0022. mm Qi Modulus of elasticity 7 an ee = 495.2 MA Assume this stress ts below th yrtronal, limit te Phat Hocke’s as 1 Yaka SSL eof = a 0.002478 < Az EE = Sea 1) Poisson's ratio Lateral Strain? 6's-DE pares ein Ad =\e'|d= ved ey = -0.002:2.mm @.002473 KB mom) = 200 GR ——— =0.30—— Pa a5k Ad, = 0.0047 im. Cincronse in dlameter) tg Ada 9.0007 Late) stain, 6'a ao OT. = TA0.7 *10~* (Increase) Increase in_w abrete = (07 Axial Stress OT = g om BRK re = BT. teat (compression) Kieren that this stress (s lees than the eld. stress br the bronze So that Hooke's law ts valid.) Axial strain G=-2=SLI4 ksi = 2321 Jo-* pxial strain, €~E Piao ig 22 IO 196.7 10% ee — asm vio = OABrace connected to column S bolts im single shear Pacompressive load in brace 5 ke diameter of belts Gq Shenin nF 2% mn. oe te thickness of plates =m. 1a) Slope of diagonal line OA Elongation in ¥ direction = AL Shortening in y divection = Ab ALT exL> Ch Ab= Véxb= 2ZE b-Ab . b(E-vor) Slope = PoRh = Teas (Note that the slope decreases) lg) Average shear shess_in bolts TCaven? £, PAS. Av= area ef three bolts =3(B)dg =0.9204 m2 Cones Est 15980 pc 1b) Bearing tiveee betcen plates and belts Ib) Increase. in area © vont face on ela = Initial area = bl eG, Avs Bdat=0.4680 Final area = (b-Ab)(L+AL) Ope Sk = . fo = SSE =1I,180 pei Ib) Horizontal displacement 8 =Ynese t= (0.201) (12mm) = 3.61 mamee-12, CONT. Sao oe Tee ak : Bcnly deren Loney ee pe Tetensile force in chain (Width of keyway = b/2) dy= diameter of pin EMe=O@ DS PL-F(d ek) =o =O Fe 4PL ws we “of boy thy? wam of bo fe fax! woyant force of water presse tale the weight of th Free-bedy diagram of clamp “GiYpiacea co wos | Free-body diagram of clams V= volume of buoy te h=10.0 in. C= 4.0 in |r Pn 05.45 Yu V= 4,180 ao t 1 ai 1 l Eqvilibriom Ta Fe-W = 230 Ib Ay ¢ shear Stress ih Ap =avea of pin = Ar= Bde = 0.196 ume Te =6060 pei <— Bearing stress between pin and shackle A =2d,t = 0.2500 in* = = 9520 ci ak 1) Downward dicplacement § S=chear strain at distance x P = ve Eee Seaton Ag dwt exiundma ti Bediaestar JEP Tauoms As = Cason (Td) iy? lacement = (2AM Pa) Cr) (22 mm) (10mm) as = Xdr =e = 145, N oc te fi-Se = a bre Sane | = zangth ae R= 2(451N)=2900N based bearing pressure = 38M Bearing area Ay = 3 (dade) Be AL =U.emrallS fea)? (on)*] 1337 N = 2.(1337N) @267ON | Atlowable_load Bearing pressure. governs. L=15.0 430.25 b ei P< & Ba cnetot ps a Gramm =13,000 p85 Some =0.03 beBFwena =O Ru =Tegl5* = 0.9597 BFvege 20 Rye T-Tsintst= 0.74127 V= shear force in pin Va JR eR = 12175 T te based open shear 1 tn the ping V= Casson Arras = (4000931) (E)(0.60 tm )}*= ZOU tb VeLastT 9 Tapia = lesz Total_allowable load =4T=6608 b ow b allowable tens Shafis with flanges To =torque transmitted by bolts y= bolt diameter = 0.75 in, dsdiameter of bolt arcle =bin Truss = Hs Fachear force in one bolt Tea4r (4)= 2rd Allowable shear in one bolt Fm Tamone Avoer = (14 Ksi)($) (0.75 in.)? = O.185k Mast in les | Maxinwm forge, a Tea ZFd =2(6.188)(o Im) = 74.2 Kim Total allowable, load= 4 Tums =Xi800%) = 72o0k ia the pins Total allowable load = 6608 tb Haximum load that thovld be carried = = 6608 * - 15008 = 5100 b <-—— [u7=6 T Wire hanging from a. balleon_ d=2.0 am L=75— LL oy= 350 MR Maryn of safety #15 mae safety = nn 2. Chasen = = 140 MPa a density of steel? X=77.0 "Mle? Weigt of wire = W, =¥AL=¥ (EE) CL) = (17.0 Yat) (BY 2-0mm) US) =181N Total load = Wage *We ‘Aluminum tube tn Compression da * inner diameter = 20mm Aske = E(at-d2)=116. Tam? a y= 270 Mea, Os =21OMPA F8.= 4 FS=5 Gay = 270 MP Cisurws = 310. MPR 4 5 = 67.5 MPa = 62 MPa The ultimate, Stress governs. Allowable compressive force Paasowe = Onzanme Arvne = (62 Mi) (76.7 one) =1.0 KN —<<— Lifeboat supported bby cables, Woe *Wo = OisumeA = Chiene(EES) Free ~bedy diagram of pdley enue Cum CEE") Wh vee Pin diameter d=0.00 im) UO Say ye Pin T Te tentile force Mone = (140 mea) (37) (2.0 me)* = 181 NE eon = 439.88 - IBA Ris = 1800 b y ta = 4000 pei "1 | Tes wht of ‘lifeboat = 15 Mus = 4220 <— 20‘Cast iron piers tm Compression Four Oe =50ksi ned Onsoes = 12.8 ksi d=4.5in. +20 dos 3-7in. = E(d-42) = F450) 3.70?) SZ n> Ri= Allowalole lead on one pier = Orsons A = (12-5 tet (5.152 in?) s6440 kK Total load = 4P, = 4{64.40k) = 258k <— agram of one arm C=damping force R= reaction at pin 2290 mm ¢ b= AD mm d =diametor of pin Fomm fin, EM sO FO ch-Pa=o cn BF war =O fr{- Pre-R=O Re Pre =P(Ir$) = CCR) V=R= shear force in pin Maximuin possible clamping force Come Une = 320 MPa Vour = Cour Aeve = (32000) (H) (6 ml* me [Maximum allowable load Prams 9.048 “jeter 7 2-784 nr 2.784 eat o FS Note: An applied force P=ZOK\ produces a clamping force C=45N. ra awP'S 6: 27P Spar d= 3.125 in 4, =2.750 tm. Aalom 20.5 in. = 15N <— Sea Pim? Plates: joad P based upon comy jon im the Spar = 1.0 wa Acs RUE) = E[(s.1asiy* (2.760017) 1.7303 in? P= Oe de = Lit.o uci yl 7308 a>) = 19,03 Alto wehbe P based upon shear in the pi double shear” Fran = 7-0 esi Ase 2.32) = Bronte ts 708 mt P= Tasos Ae (720 kes!)(1.5708 int) =11.00 le uF load P_based loearin: = N.0 ket Aga2 dt = 2U.06)(0.5 x) =1.0 at Py= OF Ay= (017-0 kat)(0in7) #1 00% Shear im the pin governs. Prstons = 1.0 Keg A =P (24m) + (Rel (0.9) =0 @a = $PFea = Compressive. force in Strut, Fea = (Won E) = (R)(EP) = SP Shear in bolt (dosble shear) =n Av = [Allowable load P Patoet * 35 (Fen)aty * E5 Cotmd® ——— Substitute nwmerical values: Cate = 90 MPa d= lomm Ultimate load based upon tension Im the bars Grose -Sectiomal area of bars: Rx One A® One bt =(60tu0i-)(0.875ia}H0.37Sin.) 219.69 s shear in the vivets dediemeter of rivets 20.5 in. Ar = avea of one rivet = WE 20.103 nt Pa 2 Tae Ar= 2 (30ksi) (0.1963 m2) =11.78 ke Ultimate. bas. Au= bearing avea =dt Pye Oy Ag = (Bo ket).5 tn.)(0.876 in.) = 15-00 ke Uitimate load Shear goverss food Dovble thear Pot = N7BK ise Pappliea force (constant) C= compressive fore in Connecting vod. Rp= resultant of reaction forces between Cylinder and piston Cre friction) 2 Finn, 20 GP tS PCr =0 P=Cosx loximum Compressive Cin connecting ved Coma = OE Haximom allowable force P P= Conn Coser SOA ose moxie allowable force P occurs when cos x hac Hs smallest value, which means that o has it largest valve. pyogst_valve. fh Ase The a aloe of = n Faint B is the farthest B from line AC. The distance 1s the vadive R of the crank aym. Therefore , ha aE ose EE = Ey Je) Maximom olewable force P Ram = A JI= (8)? —— Ib Substitute vwmerical valves : = I50MPo A> 63.62 mm® R=0.28L Pew = 9.16 kNBar with a hole, NT-\4 CONT. Cross section of bow Length of String ACB. From Case 15, Appendix Ds | b= “det Bk = ARP Aslera- ~ ah) Zh-b=L, sine ref asd From Eayations (2) and (3)? ba [rt =a dns Ltan® =Ls Sine on Lal cos® dle a zarccos 418, cos EE (?) earecos (Ye) Angle 8 (Draw @ ric An2(4)* Levees § - GGE)) triangle) Ls ws = (i* t sin LE = E(erccost - HE) = 0.52804" Es 1) Allowable load in tension =F RF 8) Ramu * Chang A = 0.53804" Org, <—~ | SES From Ea. (i) r P*ZT sind a Ib) Subsite numerical vaves Pearl t-(Ey Ce) Cine = Omi d= 1Sin. Allowable. tensile force T in the string Paw 12.4 <—— S= breaking strength of stri ne “fae satety o Tetone =$- (F) Allowable “toad Pp From Eq. (6)? Pa2tji-(e) 2 Patton = 2 Teens rE =28 7G) — Free-body diagram of potut C ‘Substitute numerical valves = vr Ik tensile Force in string | S=20ON n=3 “eat SFr = 0 3] Letom P Lg=h-25e0 P22T sme) | Pare =BON Tobular Compression member Paagk ab ta04m. Cites 291500 pei A= BL? 4-2e]= Baeyd-t) By = Tt (d-t) L=heot ® #(h-b)cok® AZh—b) cot O | P= Crum A = wees +t) Cattose LZh-b =Ltand (B) Solve. for dt d= fe ar +t15-9 | Bolted connection Substitvte numerical valves: or dase = loa yTEe AT * OF m = 4.105 in. + 0.4 in. al =4.50_ <+— PB=2 Vertical pipe with a brace Pais h=hom jakon drdincter ral ee cs th Free-bedy diagram of column OD PEIN. tensile force inAB t= length of AB ay smo DO atl fh Tah) -P(Zh) =O Single belt in dovble. hear P= 1800 tb Tetons = 12, 000 psi O; = 20,000 psi t = Fie in Find minimom diameter of bolt: Based upon shear in the bolt =f wat Ave DL Ctews LT atow a a? 25 =, 2P te a Tpoo pay 70.309 im. eased upon bearing between plate and belt afl af. a de « The2P = 301s 8 55 i 1 L [Minimum diameter of belt t af Le JBFRT =34— [Shear goers — min =0-30% in, —<— roe FE-E T(E) -ComGss) =e T Tetensle force in cable Weweight of steeltube. Shear in the bolt at support A d= diameter of pin Show force aT aot we bys inner dimension of tube wuble shear = 210 mm Ara = Fa* byzovter dimension of tub] 250 mm Dro Catone =T Lelength of tube 2 =6.0 m 2.(BE) (55 ea) = 34 kAL NS Lae come d*= 393,55 mnt Om IOMPa min = 19. mo <— fs it density of steel 277.0 Wud Azarea of tube BbE-b* = 16,400 mme 24We YeAL=(77.0 "Hfs) (18,400 002} (6.0m) | stant Soe oct cover plate from =8.50) KH Diameter of pin based upon shear Fep (GP) Dovble shear, .2 Tam Apm =W. Number of bolts 2leomea)(E)4* = 8.501 tal A*=90.20mm* | Pa tensile force in one belt 4AAiten | pa Fe BED Diaweter of pin based vpen beavis Gelby-b)d = aw denen one bolt =F de (90 MAA (40mn)d =B.SOl Kent d= 2. Sham | B= Hensile stress in a bolt =f wee" 2 nk = 32° (eg) - BE Minimom diameter of pin Shear gverns. — dain = 9-50 mm —M— |p? Svepender He on a suspension brtge | « Piers - wmerical valves? f Fetensile incable | P=I9OOKR D=Z50—mm dp =l2mm above tie O Petensite in cable t = tensile force im oa :8 oe Manin 12. belts an = allowable tensile in the tie —_— 3, =ovter diameter dy = inner diameter diagram of Wulf the tie. += wall thickness ier ria 4 small ore of the cable. =0.5 in, diagram T= tensile force in a cable fe athe force in the tie, vee triangle K Pp cok O= ~ ‘= e To Pete IG)Substitvte viomerical valves? |Equate areas and Solve: for dat P=30K G2 75° Cts 12,000 psi ate. . Te (d,-t) Awin= 0.670 in? —<-— Pressurized cylinder ss [Substitute numerical valves? ey deseo (admin $6.38 in, <— Caro = 10 MPa N= number of belts oF<8] Bar with a hole 18-9 CONT. J Geome a cable ite = 28 wm Paiz5e 8 = 250 MPa c17 engine HF he20 h he height Caton = 12.5 MPR A hea fe) + (6 fe) (14 f* die Goth bande [force ina cable ppendi Ta force in one. cable Gases ea T Tye vertical component of T a= die /2, = 14 wen Snares $ sarceon Mp arcen A © Each cable carvies the same Gdewillimeters) KR Ty as lego. b= 2 Tool, bafyt-at =[G)h ie ok Anaente£) y=4t =k ay =2(8)*Lancos F - qVF] ToT Ty = 3150 A= di arccos 2p ~ 28 G =m CD vived_avea of cable [Requived area Aca qa Bek = 0.13] int ge ALE ML 1 000 wn (HE) 24,000 ate (1) and (212 farce 28 - 2B](GP- 196 = 1000 wa™ the yaction > dPoreess - 28 fae- Ter -200 =O Bar with pin connection Grmilimeters) Width of bart b= 60mm Wve for the minimum diameter A ty p t=lomm danin = 56-6 0 mm rae Fito = 40 MPa, side Cali = 80 M4, d= diameter of pin be load based, ion F, = Cita Anet = Gets (b-d)t = (140 Mfa) (COmm—d) lOmm)= 400(60-d) RieNewtons d=nillamcters Cage hoisted by a crane 8 Dimensions of cage: Bf 12 Fr Length of a cade a Car= 84 ks = 84000 - Hood (™) Factor of safety “#25 —— [attwuable los based upon shear tn pin Citen = Fist = Shes = 24,000 pei Double shea ®, po Tan (ist )= Cao (HE) =o aye) d* Frrnewtons deatllimeters| =40nd* (2) 261) Maximom load eccvrs when =P 2 94,000 - 400d = 40 nd? Solve quadratic eqpatton: d=20,88 mm due 20.9 me << 1G) Maxiwiom load Paax= 84000 - ood = 40nd * = 54,900N «54.6ki =) [Shear on planes eb and fe = Ty C2) Ge) (heh) =G BMP) (2) (Emm) (25mm +4) Cho) =0.2580(S0+d) (9) Graph of Eqs. ), (2),and (3) Cin.) Also plot lines for 4 12.10.68. Note that the largest d eceore with 4: 12, 2 Use $12. Substitute 4-12, or t= 45 , into Ey.) and solve. for a dts Be d?=20.835 im? dens 4.56 in FO Gb wa 8 Diameter d Gam) @) Maximom P when 0.6120 (50-d) = 0.2580 (50 rd) Solving , d= 22.26 mae du 222.3 ue —<—— Kb) Load Paax. Substitute dx into Bq (1) on (3)> t= =0.3804 Az weld-t) = 5.000 n> Conscie) om & = 8, air ksi Coneeny Bar with a pin connection te ban Pane 718-6 KM <——— Pp hE sprees ie CTS Ti ts cing Sad ha ZS mm ON Mm — Z Ts tensile force tn each Saeeesteste © bee =0 ag ep Tt Zim CE BE ale te bed ae eh and along phnes men) Units used in the following calculations + Pis in KN Tarde are in Nim (same as MPa) +,bh, and d aye in mm Tension ih bay ReO;% (b-d) =(t2 Mik} Comm) 50 me-d) Cra55-) =0.6720(50-4) — (&) bt density of material = Let bees ne Foe We 2¥Alac =2¥(52 aap )(-stoe) Ww —3Pk ea. ZOatms Sind 58 Co)YiPiL and Cann are constants Wraries only with @ Let k=ZEE— Cu has units of force) x or 0 6 when 0 = 45° <— W is minimom on. 1 4()= (sine) (eos) (0) - 1(-xin"® + cos*@) ale Tne SS =0 Sin28 = cos?@ Sin8 > cos 6245" —— [we bars sveperting, two loads Yeweight density o| btm atest st ie G,=Allowable stress F—eP T= tensile fre m the 2 bar Al in Lelength of bar AB 2F “steel “Fase wn of Faint B Fas = 02 “Tees +C.cos® -2P =0 Eb Faonce = 0% “Bind +C os +P=O 2 we Solve the eqpations :T=£ (ake + [Cross ~ se. \ area of bar AB Awe sts (tw + dee) Volume of bar AB Awl = aot (ans oy = et 2 W"= cine coee * Coste Graph of W* versus © Onin = 291° <¢—— Weight of bar AB Gubstihte Onin =291 in (8) > Went at ewe? a PHY Wha = Ww" (SE) toa (Eas) Hemabe_Solv ti wv Ovi Dekermine winimum valve of @ by dif ferentstion From Eq, (8) Lwit— (sind cos B)(oh ~1(-sin® Sin® +2050 coe) 140 (sind cosoy* $+ Gces © eweo)feoste Combine terms and arrange > JaWY _ (250 ~2c0s88 +4-sin?0 ie os*8 Sin’ See yal tp tere: Cos O~2cos*O + 4cin® «oO Find the rook of this equstiont Snin= 24104" SAY, Cain = 29.1" <— — END OF CHAPTER 1=) Factor of safer) Por = 51,900 b (from Table 2-1) Frax = 10 tons = 20,000 Wb = Pu. Si900l = ne ido =~ 2-60 — T= tension in 20) \28#+ Vs verti eTeRe VO octet 207 We 321 =Z400 Pa compressive force in pole. V = 9600 lo f= shortening of pole ePh - (ooo te)(20 #002 /e,) “ER” * (0,000 ksi (18.0 in) = 0.0128 i». <—— Steel _wive and topper wire of cable. at ZL t f(Wda) + £(nde) corrsr, Equal lengths Sleek: Exe 2066 600 mn + 21,000mm + 236mm + 236 mon = 26,072 mm + Be= 5 GR . en * Elongation of cable : ¥ SEL WL __@zhi)(26,072 wm) _ Sheet ER “ZEA ~“Gilio,too es) — lp Use £9.23): |e ER AE eB =n (b)Ratio of diameters (equal elongotions ) S85 ER sEay Rohe = EAs Be(H)d2 = Es (Pdr ofp 4 wf ere 4 [Esa dadiameter of discharge hol RIL papresure intank * 4 ‘Pnea™ Pressvre when valve SPSS L= natural length Spring yh) “s k= stiffness of spring [Force in compressed Spring Fak(L-h) (From Ey. 2-la) A= 0.268 in? (from Table 2-1) W= 7 tons = 14,000 b E = 20x 10° psi L340 ft = 460 in. @)Stretch of cable §sPi = 0. EA ~ (20%10%pxi)(0.268in>) =125 in serfs Po Pana (SE) as and solve fo FeP K(L-A) = Hee ha L-B ead - 30Pointer supported by @ spring = body diagram of pointer aE ae Eileen rt b fates 6 b= 200 mm $= ee of prin Fe force in =k$ or S=fe let a=argle of votation on pointer ABC ~h 2 ake ane Kee SF tans Two bars connected by Springs k= sti | a §2 dlaphcnen ot int Ce A= -tensile force in eee ‘Spring a ee a: + Be 4S aptiatt 2M, 50 £40 =0 2bP- 2b +b =0 “bh + 2bR=0 SeWings po AE. ue oe Displacement diagrams 8 ne hf ea ‘Second ‘Sanghinn of First on [Z.2-7 CONT. Aas Sertgning of seam spring oe Also, A\= a. a" oy Solve the equctions Aza, %- 38 = 42 "ae fe ‘ Beawse bars AD and DC are in Jpint C disphces to the right. (a) ag of ADC. = a Pu & 4EAR gubetiote. numerical Valves? P2120 kN att = Gem .ond® AEAW ~ 4(200GFa)(3000 mm") U.S) =120 0m Cb) Maximum permissible load Prose (SeYeeage = 2-0 moe 229 Wt[Z2:2-9 J Steel rai in tension P 4 B, d=0.375 in, Ce E= 30x 10b pci Lr oe Aye +H, shel, +P b-—A pe st00w Solve for x2 Anat =m eo EUK) ap heh - ts easing] X= FEES Lebarh le Ue, rye Ls 20mm, wbstiwte numerical valves intn 4. (9) ¢ X= 120mm —t— Z-2-11 | Copper bar in tension post i, be=25 f+ =300in. ar Ace 1.5 in? E x15H10%psi Lg =42in. Egedortotpsi AE Ag= 7.0 ind (one bar) Substiite. From Eqs. (5) and &) > te Pk im) =0.0208 EA (20% 10% psi) (0.1045. in.*) 002 Lina =L* 8 = 2.0.02 in. Seen (Ser ~ See) = gto8 es ~—— = O.0M48 in] =0,02010 in. bs = Ser HP See ~ Se) =0.0280 in, <-— (dowmuoard) “Tuo wives Supporting & load b= 1.0m @=55° P=225N EA=165 kN ie Lec = © hz 8 tanO = 14.074 mom Lee => b> + 81.723 be & = 500mm 5 137.337N Elongaction of wive 8C $= be = Pb “ER = FeAcind eb Displacement diagrana Be Lye bget Sgc= 812-449 mmm Trias Ne pes ‘Cc: (hes + (EF = LY (hess a ~ (EP =SU eT mom heh = TH4.%0 mm Ss 7H Abo mm = TA.NED vee ~ 114. 074 wom L= 0.886 mm $= 0.886 mun (cree) —k—[23-17 Bor with a slot Z5-ST Steet colwmns in a building R= 100K Lele ith of each colomn ° = 12h, = 44 in, P F exsorior pai ua | tte _[e pi[Bqteoe — Ang= 17.1 in? Arec= 6.1 int eee (EN $= 3,85 P(/4) , Pitz) , P() ER ~E(bt) * Elepe) ” Elbe) (A) Downward displace wert int C =. = & Niki TS Nash Nis Blatt t= = |e SER ERE ERE l(b) Substitute numerical valves? = {280 bd 1144 in) ¢ MOK N44 in.) O= Stress in middle part of bar Oro palent in)” Gorto® pei)(ot ins) = 24,000 psi 07860 in. +0.07864m. = 0.15724 ne L=30in, © E= 30x 108 psi e=ittet on Ns Gten of waddle part! of Bar J) Additional load fat pointe (Se)max = 0.2 in. $,= additional atsplacement of point C dve to} load Pe S.= (Sedwme - Se = OL. 0.15724 in. F00A27 im agMili s = Son 2B tee Teh = olla ind Pelle) GoxtopsiNiTi nA) * Goriorpsiler "| 23-2.) Bar with tapered ends Mil A § £ D Min 0.04274 im. =P (0.2807 40° 1*-/1y) + Po (078689 *10°* in-/ pm) =f, (oom nic fo =40, O10 Ib Gn.) on =40.0k — (An additional, ‘tad = 40.0% will by ‘dovinwiard sep of point C to ey 500 mm, 250mm = SOOmm dy=dp =12mm lds=de = 24mm End seqment 4pL From Example 2-42 *Tedde = AU4 kN) YO var = §*rizo anja Catmny TOS Middle. seam a Pl = UFO me) SER = aban OE) G4 end 0.3224 mm ni ys Elon. of bar i 2848, (0.2579 mm) + (0.3224 mm) =0.838am Pk setter bts ) Substitute numerical valves t b= 100m by = 150mm t= LS mw Ps 125 A $= 0.304 um — 724m E,=l006 — Ay= dg = 4905 mac core (a) Decrease in length ($20:1% of L=0.350 mm) ves as) ‘of Example 2-5. He oes ah Pa (enAateau)(E) Substitvte numerical valves > En An + Ex Ay =(12.GPR)(165. Simm} +1006) (A404 mm) =S5as5 na 4 tno mae 4,=0.25 m, E,= 15 10° psi d,=0,28%m, Ey = 30% 108 psi ds = 0.35 in, Ag= § (ddd?) = 0.03440 L = 4.0in, Ay= Ed? =0,049 in? @) Decrease in length ($= 0.003 im) Use Eq, (2-13) of Example 2-5. = EERE oF Paes rer auld) Substitute mwmerical valves > EAs t EyAy =(30%10% pai) (0.00464 in? P= (\ot. sano (eizeas) = NOLL b) Allowable toad K=BOHPa — O,=1Z0 MPa Use. Eqs. (2-12a and b) of Example 2-5. For aluminum? Pa=(Endn+ udu) (FA) En = PEA ___ EAA EAL V+ (= (104.23 Muy (SBE) = ts. BRN 5x04.) (0 o490ring)] (ieee 21-176 *10% For brass ¢ L Pa Cir 7esio* i) (2003) 13301b (cach cable) ta th e Eauation of equilbeive Equation of equilibrium First loading ‘ R= CORN (Each cable carries S:Fauz =O RatRo=P Ut) or 20kN) [Equation of compatibility § (@) ed sia Sa * ue Sen = © = : Sis an algebraic great (A positive valve means elongation.) R= 40KN (additional load) Force ~ Se eqvations RARER, — Equation of equilibriom ZFrac =O 2ForRe-R=0 (Tl) Sae= Safle = Gea) (55%) Expation of compat’ Hy Rell: ) a '9)] Sco= ~ElveAd e Force -displacement relations Solution of equations ete fot (Sa) [Substitute EG), rand (5) inte Eq.(2): Ean ERS we Take 4 CRaCPIL ma fa. Solution of equations EA, © SEA, () Substitute E4-(0) end 64, (A) into compateity (0) React Solve simul Fancoosly, E45: Wand Gt Rae Re sala Solve. Siputtoncoetly Eqs. () and (st ld) Displacements ot points 6 and Cc = Rpts town [SERA a) = aiz018! | fyaag AB = ER cto the right) = Ae J BR Gftranc) oun (zedeme_)= 4.40 tat ke =[Seel= Bob = Bem (te the right) <— Forces in cables ) Displacement diagram Middle cable + Force =20KN+2L20KN=41.20kN) Displacement Outer cable? Fevce = 2018 +9,40}A1= 24,40 KN| Tx, (each cable.) tobal 1 wide, C Per total load = 4120KN roent of total oom (100%) = 42 —— (b) Stresses in cables(o-=P/A) Middle alle? 0,,= 72088. =238MA—— Outer cables: o,= aoe. = 363M <<— Tem Oz alominum pipeEquation of equilibrivm GFa =O RarRe=2P Equation of Compatibility. bre =8re t Seu = 0 o Sis an algebraic quantity. (A positive value. Peas etc’ [Force ~ displacement velations Ek, ben” BRO [Solution of equations Substivte Eqs. (3) and (4) into Ey. (2)2 Ral _ Rs(2L) <9 @) Esky Bala e Solve. sivavltaneousty Eqs.(1) and (5) > fee eRe, a) Axial stresses Hn = BS res Greel? o3=Ra=tEeP ion) (8) eB Eee Geggion) b) Numerical results P=5OKN —An= 6000 mm? Ea=10GF_ E4=200 GR Substitvte into Eqs. (6) and (9) + a= {0.6 Mfa (Compression) —<— IG = 60.6 MPa (Tension) — = N40 MPa \ (120 GF L,= (00am) (Fora (too a) = (900m) (0.8) = 720 mm —<— Bow supported by three springs am fw [TH Rigid bor ABC L=10in, A K= spring stiffness L L = 80 Ib/in, Separate. the loading into 2 parts: Load system has ee Because load system #1 is symmetrical, the rigid bar will displace downward but not rotate. Therefore, we need only +e determine the rotation cavsed by ‘lend system ®2. Free-bedy diagram to be Compressive forces. Lood_ system #2 Eqvations of Eqvilibrium (Sesan*2) EFuet =O Father =P AY 2M, =0 BL +e (2L)=0 (2) Displacement diagram aS Disecacenswrs SARE ASsunED TO POSITIVE WHEN Equation of compatibility "°*N WOE 0 = Sate on %the-Z$s=0 (°S) ba k= Fe) tions Substitute (4), (5), and (6) into Eq (abt K-22 th = (2 Solve simultaneously Eqs.(1), (2), and (1) + RaSh Rad R=n£ tension eC rs Rae Displacements (from Eqs. 4,5 and) BE Sense k= te ene, Cownward) (Upward) Displacement diagram for load system * 2 sche» Bre e[- < OF O=ser eitehse [Substitute numerical values? = 24le is a ” b= Teoma Tom) = 00S red = 0.959 Note: The displacements for load system| *2 ave a follows i= BE = SHED, =0.250 in. (dowrmerd) Sear seb) = 0.100 in. (Downward ) Rabe 0.050 in. (Upward) The downward displacement of the bar cad system *2! under load system #1 is as follows : FF, Fe are assumed —Tht lob +Th_ 24h nr. 4a ok cio eG)1c downward displacements under the three original loods ave as foltows : (.=0.250 im, + 0.1m. = 0,350 in. $4.7 0.100 in. + Olin. = 0.2.00 in. = =0,050 in.+ Dutin.= 0.050in. [24-14] Bar supported by two wires Solve. oad Eqs. 0) and (5): Tea 35Pe To* feet ee Stresses _m the wives = 2ePh Acta) Substitute numerical yalves * |Alact+d*) = ome o0me)*+ zoo mel] = BLOF * 10% mont _ dP. Oa Koa) | “= 2 (500mm) (ATON) (10D mim) eS Om # IOP mm = 50.0 MPa — fon Capps ma on Seni) = REM) Bhan Substitute. niwerical Yalves 3 = 2 (400 em) (9TON)(1600mm) 2 So" GooamyGLO4 Htmary 820M I> Heserical ‘data = 18.0 in. b= 36.0in. B tul4din. k,=tAblin. K.= 210 lin. Ouae=2°= % radians fee-bosy iets ms and — a Far tr Sy is ilibrivm Faay-Pled +Fo(b) =O CF ili Force -displacement relations Fa =f Soo tions Substitute (3) and (4) into B.(2)* we. aK, ~ “ba, mtn ma) hm SE, Fo aE ee ee o=k=8P eto Ke, Moxie load PeBatkyt le.) Ran S(t, tha)[2445 CONT] : Substitute numerical valves > Onax = vod Pane = M004 116.0 (AB) +o.010F C108 > 144 is. Gob] g = 24en Bla Maximum load P_ Omen (07K, + b?k 2) at! Substitute numerical valves + Pray = CPA) [C250mm) (ISR) MESO mn) 2S Pax 110 Ib <—— Free~body diagram of the bar Re et = mn Hon _of equiibrivrn 4M.70 FO) -F, (0) - lb) +Platb)=0 Fa +b =P(atb) Displacement diagram & Force - displacement relations ott we be Solution of equations Substitute G) and (4) into Eq.(2)* fa ‘ak, ~ bk Solve. simultaneously Eqs .(1) and (5)% fy = SksP lard) = bks Plat) ark Displacements (a4) &-B= eek, = bk Plas) Ok, +b ke a) ‘Fe _ bP Carb) eer of rotection (@ =radions) Prac — Tiieaaiie bar in Compression R= compressive force in steal cove Rez compressive force im brass tube| brass R= Compressive force. im Copper tube| ste Freectety diagram of rigid end plate i vilibriv t LiFet=0 PtP th =P % {gs Exgvations of omy ipatibi ily TH) keh eek ¢ % = = displacement vel Solution of equations Substitute (3), (4jand (5) ixto Ea s-(2) = R= Roe Pea Pe Eke (85) Solve. natant Eqs. (1), (6), and (7)¢ B=Pettinrea. Ro Peat earen (55) | R= Peer | Compressive stresses Let ZEA=EsAstE,Aut Ede (2) oe t= FES One te Oa Substitute numerical valves? Eg =30410"% psi Ey=i5H0"pei E_=18+10* pel Age (04in)? = 0.1257im? Av= % [(ooin}*— (04m) = IST in, * Ac= F[0Gin.)* — lsbin}* J = 0.2199 in.Steel measuring tape. 2000 £iEA=10.086 10% tb Calibration conditions = Bs = 5950 ph a — we A ate Joe |}__a_ __.] Sie Fake 2910 ps d=twe distance between A and & fx fee 2500s = ete es ion _of railroad yails a prevented from expand bone ls z0m becavse of their great length and phe | jexpansion joints, ‘3 fore, each rail is in the same condition as a bar with fixed ends (see Example 2-7). 1 Compressive Ctress in the yails may be calculated from £9,. (2161+ T= EX (AT) = (0x1 psi) (65 410+ /4)(75°F) Le kie length of tape = d+§ = . ‘n= Yeading on tape ab point A (85.49 fe NA to pe Rezveading on tage at end C , Qomers the same as the distance d) a (ntHal Conditions? La=60m Ts A og Bedi g. Lp=@.005m Fe fx Pte deal + P= increase in tensile force = 2olb-lo¥= 10 increase in temperature =lI2F-t6'F= 23% alei'y Kast La A 2310, Oy at2H10 Ye | Tram lala ~ obghis = 659.9 * 1-6 ™/e Final Conditions? we deeLireun+Z] << ‘Aluminum pipe Is er than the steel 1d = (95.4944) ] 1+ (6:5 #10 pe) aa’e) + tO pipe by ft a AL=I5mm [resis pease) ar tore] AT= increase in temperature. d= (95.49 #4)(1.0003654) = 85.524t<— SSA CATILA = (ATL Atom PIPE Initial temperature To = 18°C STEEL PIPE Final temperature T= 120°C AT =7,-To =102°C rT ls E=2006Pa =i2atont/ee Sa-& -(be-Lba) SAL i) Increase in diameter aren way ere apigenle d= ok(5T) d = (i2x10*/e) 02°C) iz0mm) ar = Abe Werke = 0.147 mm ea oasLs Kb) Axial_stvess in pipe i! % Free expansion ? §r Sot (AT) L a iSmm +t Sm ., Restained expansion? {2 =+8_ 659.9 K1O we be The axial force P ‘T=Te rAT= 18°C 130.31°C =48.3°C <+—— P Shortens the pipe by| yout$e -a TIL GAs — EAa (aT) ee ec) Pe P_ Ear) o-f. Bae Bwbstitvte numerical valves? = (4) (200 GPa) 12 * 10° /e¢) (102°C) =122Me —— vn 50} ‘$= Steel We a= Acs Hd*= 0012272 n> iEg = 30%108 pri E,A,= 368,155 te tg = 6,5 KO or ha = 12 41078 ed by three wires Aealuminum S=inerease i levee ofa Steel wire. ds 5 tem imorease AT 4 en ATL Sree ab &= Tperease in length of aluwinom wive doe ma increase AT aan) For vo load in the alusivom wire + Sih, AMATIL + WE = Oe (ATIL TEA =$, on va AT “TE ke ans) Substitute numerical valves 2 ‘= _900 lb BY 268, BSR)(S.5 FIFE TF) Note? Tf the re, Wereane is ‘er than AT, the aluminum wire would be. he tompression, which is wot postible . geet phe Selves < ee “il of the re inerease is less than AT, the alominom wire WA ej in Tencion and ‘cary part of the Patensile force in steel vod due to teyerature drop AT An=cross— cecal areas sheelvod From Eq, (2-1) of Example 2-7 5 P=EAge (At) Bolt is in double shear. ) V= shear force, Section of the IV= Plo. SheMet) T= average Shear Stress on cross Section of bolt guer one cross Solve for AT: AT= 2TAs a EARA JAn= Tigi where de> diameter of bolt Ae TES where dgediameter of steel ved ara 2tde 4 Ea de Substitute numerical valves + T=5OMPa° de=\5mm de=20wm Kaleion/ee E=200GPa pcr 2(50MPa)LIS mye s MEARE OS “*/oc )K20mm)* At distance X+ han es sjt-—t5 AT= AT, eS K Consider an element dx at a distance x A.45 = Elongation of element dx ASS AUT)dx= & (AT) Heldx elongation of bar ‘ fas = fia ara REM = ha OTL compressive force P required te Shorten the barby the amount § To = SEAS (ATH) oacaaiee stress_im the bar Pe. ExGny K 3 + isu) e 6.06% X= ion re hand tone. d= 50mm A= hd? =F (Sommi* = 1963-5 emt Right hand part + = 300mm das 15mm Ae Edi = § (15 mm) 44179) yaa | a |225 | 300 men Te AT=30¢ () Compressive force P Rewole the support at end B. IB f= elongation due to temperature ‘ Bp =KAT(Litl) Ree c 215750 %0m be = Shorten oP “he se EPlebmenetnni = 11,3177 #10 mina) = (20.463 10 Yn) P (P= newtons) Compatibility Sr=Sp te Fi m= (30.4163%10" nie) yr SLekt <— (C1 Displacement of point C $e= Shorkaning of AC Saag A — A (AT)L, =0:9890 mm 0.61500 soak mm <— (Positive means AC shortens and point C displaces te the left.) [2.5-9 [Steel ved with bronze sleeve longation of the ae Rea, (TMU -ba) = (6.5 #10°¢/*F (600° F) (36m. — 12 im.) = 0.09360 in. Elongation of the middle the b. The steel red and bronze ‘ete lengthen the same amount , So they ave in the Same condition at the ‘ard Sleeve of Example 2-B- Thus, de” can Calculate the elongation from Eq. (2-21) §, = Gab sds +o, Ee Ag) (AT) L. Eshs+ EpAy Substitute viwerical valves: X65 KIEL ENKI or Eg= 30x 10% psi Eg = 1510" psi d= Loin, Ag® Ed2= 0.78540 > da = 1-25im. Age E (az-At) =0.44179 in AT= 00°F = L, = 12.0 in. §, = 0.053% in. Total S=S+6, [25-10] = 0.148 in. <-—— Brass sleeve fitted over a Steet bolt Svbseript S means “sleeve™ P Subscript B means peve DottUse the resolts of Example 2-8. OF = compressive force im sleeve $ wation (2-200) t Oz = Ksr%s) (OTIEsEsAs ai 7 = LsrteATIES ESAS (Compression) Solve for AT: AT = Qa lGshs * Em hy) Gs Ae)EsEs Ag substitute numerical valves Bolt diameter dp= 25mm; Ag= 490.87 mm™ <-_ Sleeve inside diameter d, = Zemm, Ag = 486.95 mm? 0; = 25 MPa (compressive Stress in Skeve) Brass sleeve: Eg=100 GR Ag=20x W* ee [Steel bolt? Ex=200gPa X= BT = 46.75°C Gnerease in temper 0.15038 in? Area of two copper bars Ac=2.0 in Area. of aluminum bar Aa= 2.0 m2 AT-= 100° F Copper E_=18,000ksi Ae =9.541078/°F Lumivwm 3 Ea=10, 000 ksi ha 13x10“ /er Use the results of Example 2-8. Find the forces Fa and P, in the aluminum bar and er bar, respectively from En, (2-19) Replace the subscript “s” in that eyetion Pen Chor alominten) and. replace. the SUbseript “B" by "C" (for copper)e Rak, = (arte (AT) EaAa Eee Ex Ant Ede Note that Pa. isthe. compressive force inthe aluminum bar and fe isthe fombined tensile. force In the. ‘two copper bark, (2-5-1! CONT. ‘Qubsritvbe, numerical value s: mh, = acted eT Boke OU BRS = (3.5 ¥1074/2F)(100°F ) (1.000 eet) Bind) + (BSS) = 4500 tb Free - body diagram of pin V= shear force in pin Refa 22250 lo ~ = avers Shear stress on cross Section of pin =N “=e two cable Free -body diagram of bar ABCD. Te Ale Te=force In cable & “TK force in cable po dg 12 mon de = 20 mm From Table 2-1: Ag = Te.Tmm? Ag =tT3mm> = I210"F/%e, IZ. M,=0 ¥4) (HY Te (2b)*Te(4b)— Pl5b) =O on 2Tet4E=5P (“TY yam Displacement diagy A 2b Gb Lompdtibility: Se=28% (2) Se force — displacement, and temperature. ~ isp mént relations $= BE + aan >) & =) zk L a(ATL i[2-5 -12 CONT. Substitute. 3) and (4) Into BE tans a 2DTeAc-TeAs = -EX(AT)AsAL ubstitute pumerical values inte Te(346)-T. (16.7) = - 1,338,000 in which Tg and Te have units of newtons. Solve simultaneously Eqs. (1) and (6): Te = 0.2494 P - 3,480 T=1.1253 P + 1,740 Ihwhich P hes units of newtms. Solve Eqs. (7) and (8) for the load P+ =4.00%Ts +13,953 : 8881 Te — 1,546 242): Ta dour = 102,000N Creuur = 231,000 Factor of safety =5 (Tease =20400N — (Tr)au=46,200N From Eq.(9)? Py = (4.00%) (20, cota) +13,953.N = 95,100 N, + P= (0.8887) (46,200N1) From Eq. (10)? Pe= (0.8887)(4b200%) = 39,5008 Cable C gpverns. Pastow = 39.5 KN —e— Triangular frome held by two wires Free -bedy diagram of ion iltbrivm by, &Mc=0 oa oy P(2b) ~T, (2b) -Telb) =0. Equation of Compatibility &22he (2) (@) Load Ponty Force ~ displacement relations = oi = Ts BeBe eRe (Le tength of wives at Aand 8.) Substitute (3) and (4) Into Eq. (2): Wa ate Solve simultaneously Eqs. (1) and (5) > Tae (as) Numerical valves? P= S00 lb 400lb Ty= 2001 —t— (b) Load P and temperature increase AT Force - displacement and temperaivee- displacement relations > = BE ae (Sia) fee +e (OTL Substitute (8) and (9) into Eq, (2)? Tak = ZtaL Became = Ae + 2a¢ane jon Ta-2Ts =EA& (AT) Ss simultaneously Eqs. (i) and Cio: = [4P teAa(4T)] cat) = FLP- EAw ard] asia, numerical valves + P=S0olh EAs 120,000lb AT= lec"! 212.5% 10 Shr Ta= $(2000% + 270) =454 <— (Sook -270%) =92b << — ()Wive_B becomes Slack Set Ta =O in Eq. (12)? P=EAa(aT) on, P_ ___500 lo AT = Exe = Wooo te) (12.5 ei-*/*F) = 333.3°F Farther increase in tem re 3333.3F - Ipotr Ser ——[2-S74T Steet wire with initial prestvess Ly " P ‘Substitute numerical valves? a Initial temperate T= 20° | Oz = Septet eet [sewer re )40%01 ) E= 210 GPa 0.008 im. J che lax loner (a) Strecs Om when temperature drops t 0%] bitty AT=20"C Caine ens. de tempersture ) wats the "nit Stress OF foe tee 2, adaitioral stress 07 due to the ‘perature drop. From Eq (2-18)? 03 = Eo (aT) Oe Or, =O, + Ex (aT) AOA + (210.GPa) (14 x lo-t/oc) (20°C) =40 MPa + 58.8MPa = 98.8 MPa — (b) Te wl ss zero) O=0\+ oe =O Or BX(AT)=O aT= & (Minvs means an increase in ‘temper ature) _ __40 MPa 2 wine Goan 4x io Fc) — Bae ees 33.6°C <«<— = 10,900 psi <— Reactions must be equal) find s. Force - displacement relations rerag. Eb) + G(ab) = Plat) thy Qe+T=3P CH) Rn 8 J, Se=80in.~Le=0.02in. Se = B80in—L_=0.05 in, ¥ ‘Ss Elongation of wires > Bese rZs C) has.+8 3 Force ~displacement_velations eweb 2 bee te EA F,8) Solution of equations bine. E48.) and A)? Tale a sg+25 (%) Combine E4s.(Bland (5): Bh se§ (4) Eliminate. & between Eqs. (6) and (7) + Te-2Te = FASn _ ZEAS. (Be) 1 c . Solve. simuttaneously Eqs. (1) and (8) + Tes 2g Toff apie Substitute numerical valves? EA = 2250 /in. Te = $40 lb +45 1b ~225 th = 660 & <— Te= 420 -90b + 450 lb = Te0b<— (Both forces are positive which means tension as requir wires.) P steel sesh Szsine of gap=|Omm L= length of posts= 2.0m A =40,000 yum? Yi = 1B MPO. E=30Gm% Does the gap close ? ‘Stress in the two outer posts when the gap | just closed’: Om Ee = E (})=Goam)(Zoe™) =ISMPa Since this stvess Is legs than the allowable stress , the allowable force Pwill close. the gap. |Eqvilibvivm equation P f 2+, =P (5) tr fr. fr tibilit vation §,=shortening of outer posts 8, =shortening of inner post fests” 2) [Force -displacement relations See OBE (3.3) Solution ions Dbstitute (3) and (4) into Eq. (2)! BeaBt+s oo e-RaSAS (By Solve. simultaneously £95. (1) and (592 P= 3p - EAS , ~ ERs By inspection ,we kuow that R is larger than P,.. Therefore, P, will contvel and = 2160 KN -600 kN = ISCO kN IZ:S—19] Steel bolt and copper tube aus, L=20in. p= ie in. n= %q (See Ey. 2-22)Eq vilibrivm e4vokion R =tensile force in Steel bolt com jive force In — is me ore R& Ul % Compatibility €q,vation 5. = shortening of copper tube 5, = clongation of steel bolt = Kvicnp ( be me For isplacement relations BL f= Rt Re ESAs Solution of eqvations Substitute (3)and (4) inte Eq, (2)* a Solve. somultaneously Bas. (1) and (S)+ ReR= ‘RpEsAs tac = 24,190 tb L(EeAs + €eAc) Stresses Steel bolt : oz = B = 24,00h As Loin? =24,200pa ; 2. CY 2mm) 200 GPA)(36.0 mm?) (7-56) P” GSomm) EL.S6R)(%0 mm )+ 2 (2006R)(36.0me») = 24.0 MPa Ox =F rE AT) (b) Maximmuen Stress The maximum Shear stress ison a 45° ar stress when temperdied eee ole Ox) ae Cony. = Fk = 10,500 psi — sx_clement at O=A5* 00 «(11500 e=45" Note : All strecses have 10,500 nits of PSi Solve Eq.) for AT: ats Been Tnone™ Tate Svbetitute numerical valves + Av= 60.2°F <— : - AT= 60°C (Increase) ‘Steel bar in tension X= ius eK 10" /e P coe ee E =120GPa, 5 Stress due to temperatore tnereate |@) Maximum normal Stress Ox = EX(AT) Gee Eq. 2-18 of ; = _20KN Section 2.5) % 18.60 MPa = IZeMPa Compression) E (idmm)™ imum Shear Stress Crnoce = 18-6 MPa <— aenper. apres i= (b) Maximum shear Stress The maxim shear stress iS ona 45° plane| Stresses om elements A and B and equals T%/2.. (All stresses have units of MPH) Tray =F = 39.3MPate— fing ) St clemen’ 45° 6 a aut: YRE > weet ia DN ‘ : 63 \ 6 63 a et osBrass wire in tension Tension test d='Ae in Elongation § =0.00140 i Thane! = Gin ge length = 21,000 pst Stress due to initial tension? x= | (2) Maximum normal Stress Stress due +e semperature drop? oi =Eax(ar)) O& iS the masimve vormal stvess (See Eq. 2-18 of Section 2.5) Oman = 2\ ,000 psi <— Total stress > Ox = +E oAT) (6) Maxime stvess The maximum Shear stress ison a 45° pane and equals O/2. =fea i +e teeters] Coase - 10,500 psi«— Substitute numerical valves = All Strecses have mits of pst Solve Eq.) for ATS = ZC man TA = t= ZC omy TA = Tan x Trew Svbetitute numerical values AT= 60.2°F +— 5 . AT= 60°C (Increase) 2.6-6 | Steal toc in tension Pe enio re a P PRZ2OKN E =1206Pa Strecs dve to temperature increase Ox = EX (AT) (See Ey. 2-18 of Ze MA Compression) Section’ 2.6) mom Shear Stre Orume = 78-6 MP — Time = Sa 68 Wik tb) Maxivnum shear Strees maxim shear strets iS ona 45° plane| Stresses on elements A and & The land equals Tx/2. (All stresses have units of MPa) alee Tray, =-SE = 39.3 MPa — Aas © Stress element at 45° ee e=45" Note® 343 Ail shrecses have of MPa.[ZG=1N] Pastic bor between rigid P Ao , X=G0xl0*/r E2450 *10%a) (A) Maximum permissible tempersivre Temperate mereace : Tise AT = 10°F ~68°F =92°F |0,=0xcos*® — -60 HRa = 0% (cos 55°) Ox*-182.4 MPa, Normal stress O% in the bar To ~Ox Sin6 cos® = Se ° ReBAAT) (See Ey.28 Mm 6) [sonma “Tr (Sin S5° Ker 55") “ 2-63.85 MPA O%= - (450 *107 psi (6d * 10"6/*F)(92°F) Shear sshets he Ox= 03.85 MPR 2484 psi (Compression) Due to temperature increase AT: Jasgle 6 top lane pa OG, =-EX(AT) (See Ey 218 in Oe= 0, c0S*@ For plane py? Og >-l700psi Section 2.5) Fore , —'100 pai = (-2A84 pet Xcos*@) 120 GPa) (17 *10°8/%) (AT) (0578 = aeons = 0.6844 AT=3.3°¢ <— |Cos © = 0.8273 0 = 34.18° (a) Shear_stvess on plane 4 | To= ~Ox Sind cosB fies a © Danae Kee we) o3.86HPa)(sin S5*)ces 55°) (b) Stre se ena oriented to plane py B= 34.18 Os=—Moopsi To = 1150 psi e= 34. 18° + 90° = 124.! 18° Oe = Oy Cos*O = (-63.85 MPa) (cos 55*)* =-21,0 MPa (compression) <— = = 184 psi —™ P= 6500 Ib Te= -Ox Sin® cose A= Td* (-2484 psiXsin 124.18) (cos 124.18") &! = Ce psi Ox based upon allowable stresses in ‘ost Ga o=34.18° Tensile stress (8=0")+ Ctew = 13,000 psi Ox =13,000 psi) (all sieries have Shear stress (0=45°)? Teton = 7,000 pst units of psi) Tn = Fe. OG=2 Tatew Oe = 0; cos? 6 o,= Lado =. 000 psi costo soos = 17,310 psi (3) (CONT. ]Shear stress Ce =—Oy Sind cos® =|_% = 3,00 psi te {eat Gin S47 as BF) $6,310 psi Allowable stress. Compare {1 (2), (3), and (4). Shear stress on'the brazed joint governs, x= 6310 pst Diameter of bar ) 030 in iP 10% ee 40° Doe te load Pt 0% = 4.9 MPa (a) Stvesses on joint when &= 20° 6=90°— X= 70° a, Ie = 0% cos*0 =(A9MPa)(cosTo")* PN. ax =0.57 MPa <—— Te = -Ox Sin@ cos® = (74.9 HPA) (sino?) (cos 10°) =-1.50MPa <—— angle & if Tallow =2-25 MPa = 0% Sine ces O The shear stress on the jomt has Negative sign. Its viumerical valve can not exceed Tatom= 2:25 MP. Therefore, -2.25 MPa = — (4.94Pa)(sinb (cos®) or Sind cos @ = 0.4592, From trigonometry * Sind cosO=4 sind Therefore : $inZe = 2 (0.4592) =0.9184 Solving = 20 = G6.69° or 113.31~ 8 = 33.34 or 5¢.66* A=W-O X= 56.66" or 33,34" Since o must be between Io? and 40%, We Select X= 33.3° q— db) La Note + IF & is between lo"and 333°, [tel< 2.25 HP. IF is between 33.3% and 40°, \t| >2.25 Mea. Ie) Whot is K if To=200? Numerical valves only |Tel=oxsind case |oe|=5%c0s2o [Rl-2 OxSinO cos 6 = 20% Cos*O © SimO@=2es6 or tanO@=2 Note: For &=26.6" and @ =63.45 we Find 05 =0.98MPa and To=-L J2000 psi Ns Angle © and Shear Stress To Oy=0, Cos?® Oe = 12,000 pst Ox =. 12,000 psi costo Coste Plane at angle 6 +90° Ooeaor = Ox L008 (0 +90°) J? = 0% [-sino]* = Ox Sin7e Oouzer = 6,000 pst Q) Eqvate (1) and (2)+ 12,000 psi _ _,000psi Ct Han*@=4 tan@ =ye- 0=35.26°<—| From Eq, () or (2) 0% = 18,000 psi Vom - 0 SinBCosO 18, 000psi)(sin 35.26") (cos 35.26") 8,485 psi <——Minos Sign means that Te acts clock- Wise onthe plane for which O=35, 30° Yor AN stresses have 12,000 AO a a 8 =35.26° units of MPa) as “4 a \ (Alt stresses ae PES aye unit of i 12,000 wifeo - (b) Maxivavin normal and shear stvess Omen = O% = 18,000 psi <— 0; =8220 psi 626, i Oj =0%. 00878, 1) Plane rs: 02=3290psi 6 =6,+ 6 76,+30"| Gy, = O% Cos*(0, #30") @) in onioxial & 0 j= = From (0) and (2)# 0% = 38h = Fea —a@ Cos 8, bo ts @,*307)] ~ B, cos lor 881 = o,_ = [9220 woo") Vaz “V3aa0 = "5°77 =O, SinB C068 -2THR=-OxSnB 50 | owe, by iteration or USE & computer T MPa : Froawe Program’ = 25.02° Eqpate (1) and (2) + Q) or (2)2 0% =16,000 psi BLM _ 27 MPa =0y= ai Bar in fension With qlved joint From (1) or (2) 0% =90.0 MPa (tension) Q 25°<0 <45° Stress element ar 0 =30° Le A= 900 mm™ Je = Oz, COS*0 =(90 MPa) (cos 30°) *=6T.SHPA 7 Mtg = ~0e SMB CoS =(-90.0HPa) (Sin 20% Kies 32) Cats = IS HP Ie glued Cation = IMPA) joint Allowable _stvess O% in tension Op =0%c0s6 Ox = 28. Cos’ cost 6 Vo = -O%Sin® cos® Since the direction of Te is immaterial , =0,Sin cos or Ox=-T= E=ts*tofpsi da l.sin. ‘Graph of Eqs. (1) and (2) ati and (2) y= S(e000 WW)* (24 tr.) oO FW CIS* (OF psi) (1-5 in.) = = 10.2 in-lb <— ‘Three - story column H= 3m E= 2006 i A= 1500 mm? P= 160 kN 2 = B00KN Te find the strain emeray of lH the column, add the Strain energies of the three % NEL Seqnes (see Eq, 2-40). u=BNEL oH st END 15 HP __9HPa, a cam CFO Sat = TesogmlTsce mee) MO teno=a=% = 30%" ENE = Uison)* + (450ki)* # (150 At)™ (2) Determine the maxinum load 9-6 :#108 ME a From Eq. (1 or Bay. (2) HO, No = (Isto? 4) (787.5 4107 N*) Oy = HS MPa = ORF = 204 MPa te mi Cos26 Te asd Prax =O% A = (20,4 MPa) (900 men) (a) Strain energy of the bar Strain energy per unit volume. Bad the Sa ees ES tac) Je L Vole VEAL je 31 v= EME = Pee) trot * ! the nal limit 2 BER Ra EN a ada of vesishance (4.1)“2 oD oO. 2102 Ww ZYME 2veE At the proportional limit + Bo Ay = 2S &4.(2) Nyg=ZP Ne=-P Ne=P u= 2Aee =o =$B [carts (p+ cert] =o (ib) Substitvte numerical valves + = Gt best)? (1.5m), a Oe Gaoo BPR B62 mad TS Nm =3.715 J «— 21-5] Bar with two loads ES P, FF Te a) Force P acts alone (Q=0) 1@) Strain energy of the bar (Eq. 2-40) Fas = Fac =qhg = displacement ZEA Segment AB? Ug = @ratela) =PEe ZEA 6 SE Fag SiNB + Fee SiMB=O} Fa Fee Fie = Foc BF =O A> += Fag COSB ~ Fae COSB sf =o Ja) Stvain energy of truss (Eq. 2-40) va 2 =2fax CET H> BEER (bo) Hovizey (éqy-2-42) {=3e= 3 (eseb)= 325 PL os EA pan, joint B (ce) Forces Pand Q act simultaneous! Segment BC# Uge= Poca) = Pat 4EA ath "SER Ue Dee Ung = BE a +@e g (Mote that Vis ot equal to U)+U.) a2.7-8 CONT. A= 2.50in* E= 24 x10 psi bg = (G0 in.) *+ GS in)® = S5in. Forces_in the bars (from equili em B) Rand Al ° +6800Ib [+6800 BC | +1600lb |-G000k |-44001b {a Load R acts alone Ux Peel bac — {leo mh? (75 in.) “LEA ~~ 2(29#10*psi)(2.50 in*) SNL4I in, | 30 in.-lb Uz= eg (Fae) Las + (Fae)*Lae ] = Zig Ltcecomy?(Bs in) +(-eocob)(15in)) = 630.4 FMF Whim 457 info 145 *10® Ib (CrLonds P,and P, dot simultaneously U= eR [Fin *Lae * Fae)* bee] = eg L(c800th)* (65 in.) +(-44008)(75in] = 5382.4 +10* Win, = 37) n-th 145 x10 Ib Pa te Note: Strain energy U is not eqval to U, + U2 S=down ward displacement of rigid bar For a spring: U= KE" eq. (2-386) ferns cnerg Bf al sprigs u=2 GEE) +2 (SER). Bsc jloceme wt by the weight W equals WS yy Of the Springs equals Sks* ergy » = = 5kS* and §= BE w. 8.0 mme— R= Se = 2on<— R= 34 = CoN R= = 4on<— Note? W=2R +2 +, =400N (Check) ‘Tapered bar of reckanqular Cross ‘Section re 5 =b, — (barbs) Xx al phe | be | AGd=t boo = [b,- dacbox) (@)Strain energy of the bar (ey. 2-41) =[° =2 (pe STE bo) 2Eb gba br bE From Appendix. C (SX = 4 In (ati) Apply this integration formula +o Eq,.(02 = — (bb) x7) 4 v Zee Eezorey Pnlbs pry] =P feb -L =Zecliecay ins Geay te ba] 2 PL = (0) Elongation of the bar (Eq.2-42) 220. PL iF = fs oe U= jENgod*ae aee cord subjected to a load P |Z. Dimensions before the load P ts applied Lo=TeOmm be= 380mm b = 380 mm % C Bungee cord: 2 MON, 2 = TO vine le ACD? T2-b® = 329,09 mm 0) Dimensions after the load P is applied Let X= distance CD = From triangle ACD? 5G =[be | jlibrivm a point C Let Fe tensile force in bungee cord ic “Ere ®) ae, cord = original length aE 7 Eas, o) a 2 heberk. WB + [Orrte Lytle = [Fae Ee ae This equation an be solved for x. Substitute numerical values into &y.(7): Tetra ={\~ AON) Imei Teo = (1 42,282) 44 400 + 2K= Units: X is in_millimeters a Solve for x (Use trial #erver or a compvter] Pregmm) x. 497. 88mm a Uof the bungee Cord u K= 40%m P= BO Te [1+ Bee = 305.81 men From Eq.(5): $= UES (140 Nn) 305-8 wim)? =6.55 Ab woe U=6.553 <— (b) Displacement § of point C a Xd = 497.86mm — 329. es of eae Phe = 4 (CON ILI68-8 mm) = 6.75 T The two quantities, are wot the Same . The Work doné by the load P is NoT eqval to PSe/2 becavse the load-displacement relation (see below) ts non-linear when thd displacements are re eae (the work done} val to the strain Large Displacements ‘Small Digpacementts be lange. W=l00 lb E=30%10° psi h=4.0m. L=6.0fF A=05 in* iS, of Se =e = 0.00048 in. oe Lie (ie) ] 0.0624 in, <<— (t)Maximum tensile stress Eql2-5)? Oras = Eine = 2b,000pei— Ohapnck- factor oe Eq, (2-600? Impact te[2-8-2 J Collar falling onte a. flange g 9.21 ge] (Gl Maximum Shortening of the eet [ba =¥ = 42% = 0,050 in. L} b= 50 mon L=L 2mm A420 num?! pooner tain On Robber ball athached +o a podte 4=7-01 "Ys* E=2.0 MPa L. = 300 mm W115 lb h=20in. L= 1lof+ A=0.55 int E= 28,000 kei we w [+ Co)ownwiord erent Pog = RL Su=Pe= 0.001364 in. veeghictot vat feo ee *] Flange Ea-(2-5a)z Bre = Balto I" ] Suostitute numerical values = =0.235 in. V= 700 mm | CRUE. OMFLERRTD i i TROS mab) (300mm) =4Sksie— |= 13.1% aie ‘on & Wood pole ot =4500b d= 12 in. - L=l8tt =216 in, A= 3S mat = 3.10 in? E= cs *10% pst s ertening oe Beers Tifons =2.500 psi vase = 2 Find Wes a. ple: M = Tistoae = 39-79 rst erimpact factor Haxiwwm heidi hase E-Cre lapeck Facey = Aa = Sbsne YEGACS Orme =Cia (V4 (4 ZH)” ] Sue -\ =(W Ey in. Spare both sides and Sobe for ht Wh hoe = ge (i -2)Substitute wwmerical valves = inetic_ene: Crnan = Optine = 2500 pi we =? =. bre-e Vga eea an _ 3 Artte 0 meme E Vmax = 5.19 VS lover psi gree For 04040, + 6=-— opr & For C20,2 €=6,+ Se= oon: o = Fak 70.0038 (= psi) Tan PAA 0.00287 0.00453mys 4 Wyse, unre 20S aH war eed Leer - kd aye pa 1 44) era ed on * apouwuayep 2 Aywoygys st aapans —> (puss) viot = 4 wus tt + 3T= Y + POO] MYL JO} aAKOR amin pa RS woua: : wt Ip penare\dsip - PTA) meee Tee es re OS) woes a8 rerpae'esd @abea00—9 avd O78 = ho=0 205 viosa af3, a}a *sseays pth 244 ab assays a4 Spas “egw Fpem sused owt ty ~ plas i 31 pa, 2yS0Id on 4Ou azo SoM ayh UL 9m i es PORRIMT SA SHEE! (5) 20 eb “may ayer ae ee (yea ma} 9 ayer) 4ou si poo) 2uSod oye o5 ‘ssams ppth at fo anon vo mossy -TaPAAR epossays 3 arn wproo ‘pes aysed aH AY, = Meo :aum uw sous MAPAF SE TV PSA) fon bt Sac wale ihe — > viog =44 4 ‘ssaus pith ow a3 Jay poASAAYS 51 AIM vows! yoo] maSed HE +¥] (s) 4B) B-9 1a wey co) (99.950) B= 9 10) 3 way ssvoyabe unAs-seys woas 3 wneag] Key 19 H=sE= 9g _ sam jo wenvhuoya=§ aq, Jo peo oS evar) (zo-w) Gozo) (B) oro (307.030) 9350 wretolp MwayS — S50, d= ems (WOZ) o= Uz wy aiz=azeam ©, Dame ha pareddat seq piiyWe 3001 At the plastic. load. all bars are Stressed d= 0.121 in. te the yield stvess. y= 40,000 pst Fig = Cyne Fee = Oy Ave A= MAS oouso int Ra EO th oyAne mS em =* By inspection, collapse occurs when wires Substitute numerical values ? Kavd yield, (Note that the wives, Oy =ZSOMPA Ane = ZOO wm Cannot be th compression, and therefore Ase =400 mm Fo must be zero or positive, bub hot BE C2s0HtM) (200mna) + Bl2s0nAdHOOmA| negptive -) =OkN +160 LN = 220K £Mo=0 © D [212-5] Truss consisting of five bars -Fy(4b) ~ Fe (2b) +P(34) + Wi2b) = 0 saat d=0.40in. P= fa +2 Fe - 2W) Aan Qubsttube FS Fe = OYA: 0.1257 in* P= ® (304A-W) Oy= e000 psi | Verify that Fe is zero or positive + p At the plastic load,all five. | 2 Fraser = Ft +h = Pew bars are shesced +p the Rex Pew -205h Yield stvess a> Ge the load eee Suestitvte numerical valves: B=2F Ge) +2F Ge) tr = GA (siz +48 es)] Fr = 5 GovA-w) = 490 Ie + — 24.2031 yA +— Rigid bar supported by wires Subctitvte numerical valves * R, = (4.2031)(36000 psi) (0.1257 in*? = 19,000% +— Bar held between rigid suj e de 15mm = = Oy=290 MR Initial tensile stress = COMP Ae poivtt Az Gal Pastic load Fe $a GAN ER) = SE ‘The pre! OF the initial tensile sess At port Br does not affect the plastic loud . Both $a=3Sa= 51 2 SE parks of the bar must yield in order to 1 (5) Paste lad FE reach +the plasti ed Seen Anais Ke the pastic load, all wires reach +he yield Bits rk g Paik sree, hteno oe ‘I ¢ Pps 40k Pe=ZoyA = (2)(290 HPA) Sm) *=1D2 EN ts Magee (Winitial tensile stvecs is chamed te MPa) =a F is not changed <— (adVield load Py_‘At the plastic load , both wives yield , Te =O = Oe Fe = Fes oqk From 4.3): 2 (yA) + 304A) = 4P Pom =Z0yA <— From 64-0? Sy = Bab oak From Eq.(): 3_= Sp =28_ = 2Trb Ce) Load ~displace ment diagravn tS Sp =2.8y — END oF CHAPTER 2— Eqpili br iviom = BMa=0 DO F(2) + Fe (ab) = PL4b) 2het3R=4P (GD Force - displacem ent velations. =f = Fe (a a ae Fel at ys) y 2 Seb Shel Substivte inte Eq. ()t se = Sot Fo=2fe (6) one £07208 Of Wire Chas the larger sivess, “Therefore, it wil yield first. (adYield load, yOu Se = St (From 7) Fe=OyN Feahoyd From Eq.(3): 2 (404A) +3 (0yA) = 4P Fan SoA. —_— 4) f= Fat 2 Oat From Ea, A> 8 ER Ze From £4, (2: Sy 284 #284 = Gs <—3 =x tot Lm ttn FE ga t0'= 16nd 006981 rad Vallos = 0-0008 rad FIND dean FROM £@. (2-3)? Yaa = = at 0008 dae - O.0618I rad mac 055in, <— d=TSmm wheat (0) le RANGE OF VALUES OF TORQUET ANGLE OF ROTATION FROMEG 3-15: Gu Th = 227 Ip Todt f- 20 ia PD) a 1G ns 1 (75 GPs)(0.052360 red) UNITS: d=merers, T= Nem te 4.= qarcey (22) DIAGRAM OF DIAMETER d versus Torque T d £@.() (sTA«88) ds e 1 £Q.(e) Caucre) “ i dn ' 1 o Ta oT SHEAR STRESS GOVERNS WHEN T 15 GREATER THAN Ten. ANGLE OF ROTATION GOVERNS WHEN T 1s Less THAN Tes. TO FINO Tex, EQUATE dy ann dy FROM EQS. (1) AND (2): Te Lad d,= —i* zetsn ~ 46" Taate4 22754) a isas * EEE TL SOOT4 Te ITZ. Nem SMEAR STRESS GOVERNS: T> 172 Nem ANGLE OF TWisT GOVERNS | T< 172 Nem oe ter NOTE: WHEN T= Teg, d= 24.4 mmSTEPPED SHAFT. Tet Tye Tees = 6.0 MP Ti he s nenkc Sgt kp anes m Lin25in) 2 tao corre The dee 20% Lem 1Bin. Gre aTase G=uKi0 psi Ta 66.0Mre — T, = 4.000 Ib-in (b) ANGLE OF TwiST AT END D Te = 4,000 Ibi = Toles SEGMENT AB SEs , ro ane 0.00902 red Tas = Te- T, = -5,000 Ib-in. ac Tks = 0.01076 rad 1, =| tee]. 16.5000 hm) 459 04; GC pec 4s (4d? | w (2.51) et den ™ es = 0.01990 rad do dant duct fin 0.04268 red = 2.45" Tig ly 5000tb-10)@ Sin) be Steen - eee ese ered SEGMENT BC Tec = Tz = 4,000 lb-in. eS = Ticks, . _(40001-in) (8in) < Gee ee (eon ‘aoasiey (a) MAXIMUM SWEAR STRESS: BAR AND TUBE Tube dy=2.75in d,=2.35in, Lee 20%, G= 8s (4-42) SEGMENT BC NAS THE MAXIMUM STRESS =2.02tint int Tagg = 2550 ps1 — SEB = LGOin Leng 40in, G= 3.910% p GW) ANGLE OF TwisT ATEND © cepa Eat = ocasaict b.* byt 4, =Co0oes+a0047red | ronque T= 10,000 Ib-in. GO) Maxiunt SHEAR STRESSES _ BAR: T= ome = 12,480 pas — TUBE: Tw Tle) . 5.250% — prose , = 0.001204 red= 0.009" — STEPPED SHAFT s0citm | 2000 Ke 800% . c yD Gn 80GR: QD ANGLE OF Twist AT GND A 4 160mm” ‘come 40mm - Ng = 40mm BAR: @ = Thess 2 onstdrad Lagt bac beg? 08m — Tac™ 20mm Vep™ 20mm un” 6 Cp ean TORQUES T.,(3000+2000 +800) M-m = 5800 Nem Tec = (2000+ 800) sim = 2800 H-m Top 800 N-m POLAR MOMENTS OF INERTIA dag E (CO mad = 4.021 4 108 mnt Cpact FE GCOmmy = 1.272 «10° mt (pea 40m) = 02510 % 10'nnt TUBE! Paee™ ae" 0.0196 rad at D.= Fare? Pron = 0.790 rad = 10.3" <— HOLLOW TUBE OF MONEL METAL, dy 25mm Ta= BOMP 13% atns= fon = O.NOAT Fd fv G *66GP2 (From Tasix H-2, (e) SHEAR STRESSES Arrenpix H) = lee ee _ 5.7 iP, Te “Uae BUT Me [CON[3.4 =-4 CONT] WI Ce = wt é A “BSc SpE T= 100Nm Te 50N-m Ty= BON Tm 5ON-m Te = BON-m Tgt T= 100 Nm Tyem -T+Te= 50 Nom SHAFT WITH FOUR GEARS 50H Tae TOME =e p Tike™ TOMES FON 450m Tas ~ 100 Noms Toc 200 Nem; Teg 750 Nim = eT Tuam HET = 2 120K). gy sonxi*,2 oe ee Thaw F (romps) —” O° S°860 nt REQuineD d = 44.4 mm G— (4) Houow Swarr. NSIDE DIAMETER d,= 40mm Ten” “Tit Te Ty ~ 120m Toa T4157 Ty * - 80H Langs? Tongue (Assoure vate ONLY) > Trax 180.N-m REQUIRED POLAR MOMENT OF INGRTIA BASED |IUFON ALDWABLE SYEAR STRESS tee t= ae faa ~F, “tee Cona™ Tee F . Peas ee ay Tell «ao aot P Po io TO MPs = t200.N-m) (6/ om ep POLAR 1A BAceD Wa (cononl row ALOWAGLE ia 10,000,000 = —SlL55d__ (Je maruas) d*=0. 00000286 = 10,810 net Git" sada nbiaad esta” tagetad Tye 20918 mnt on d*- 0.0000 87308 d~ 0. 00000286 +0 Souvmt, d= 0.051548 m = Ea. 4*) iy LREQURED d = 31.5 mm — in ae a = G6 an)'- naan spree) 5 = = 183,700 wwf OLID AND HOLLOW SHAFTS Soup SHAFT. [3.0m Tema 22 in d, = 20.7 mm— (maximum PERMISSIBLE isis DiAneTER) BAR CONSISTING OF Two. 4-2 SEGMENTS: i ; T(48in) _ 4 Tain) TF Tiygn 4000p: CEVG-On}” OEVC 0: er = 1.0" er ze A780, B Le=40n = 0.01745 red G = l2x10¢ psi | HOLLow SHAET. J ALLOWABLE TORQUE BASE HEAR STABSS | husipy praseren eo 42 £d rs tee a> Tey = omy" Bt aap fr, TORSIONAL STIFFNESS. xr br SEGMENT BC HAS THE SMALLER DIAMETER AND WENCKE THE LARGER STRESS Zn eT ra® Tattes™ ra tne Fate m 2680 Ib-in BASED Yfout ANOLE OF Ty isT Tee, Th Ths Eth Gee Ee = Te ss) FOR EQUAL srmna sees: 4, OF (excuse Tis mon) a 2F (ese u = 1860 Ib-in. af Ta” ec ANGLE OF TWIST COVERNS T= yacon-in@—| 4 2.76 ; = 2.78 in, — 54. 82 i ‘ We PRES = on srnect asSOLID BAR AND HOLLOW BAR _ eh bytbye” 0.6m oe ee 126d Tren * BOMP2 T= 240 Nem; Tz = 540 N-m; Ty = 300 N-m yt 4° = 0.06981 rad (serwem usr rue eeuts) TORQUES 7, mero 240H-m Toenitt-Ta=-3004'm foLas seests oF BIERTIA ee ee (tp), = SE = 0.09817 d 2p, = Fe [Ge84)'~ at] = otis a4 (@) sau MUM DIAMETER BASED UPON SHEAR STRESS! T= IF mee “EE |pac Ad: 7. Tal: = fe4on-m) d Cae “CES Comte = aD Souvute, d= 15, 280216 %W? d=0.0248m=24.8am| ap Gowns, d* = 16.662 « 10 ws d= 0.0255" BAR BC COVERNS Mutua d = 25.5 mm — yn154, p15 aes: L=a.fe~6in : Ft Ge 3:90 pas Fun dy Tae 7500 pei Pastew = 3-0° 0.0523517 DIAMETER BASED VU! siz sucar srhas TAd = Pe eT 1 (14. 0004-1) Tae” Ge 8 He (7500p) BAR BC : i Cy, = Tee (asdie) ‘ 728int . _2m2Bint 4 a i= gratia wrest toss70u! = (20min) (04264) Epes Bont, = Caroundiecsta) d,= 2.52 in, ANGLE OF TWIST COVERNS = 2.52 in, <}—| TAPERED BAR = 12.2281 ind dy = 2.20in, AMETER BASED (From £@. 3-27) 9 a, 5, (ses) = Zi Fig omr80 eae fe @: aoe tap it ALLOWABLE MILE OF TUIST. 0.06981 rad = (500m) (0.6m) (oGFz)(0.14151 44) Soave, 4 = 0.2278x10 ‘mt d= 0.0218 m" 21.8 BAR AB Covenns. mimon d= 22.6mm — as JG Mumia DIAMETER BASED UfON ANGLE OF TwisT rA er dt 25mm Sats ap ato pc Twisr w orrosire owzcrmss| QL |- > QD G- wsars THEREFORE, THE ANGLE OF TWIST Pac BaTWEEN | b> FA te s0n GEARS A aun C Is Lass THA me cancer or G,| Se 4p a AND Poe - CONSE EUENTLY, OMY hag AND Pye NEED ru dy ait = 0.5% [me ROSE Cimckep: b= vers UF oul ALADIASLE ANGLE OF TWIST ei aes ser)e= 6 ade BARAB? | | = Soo can) °° cimm Cp) Car eat 0.06981 red = S240N- (0.6m) 2ON-m (80 6 Pa\o.0181749) (0.8"/m)( Be deg) = CRORE my sorving, dt = 0.2626 x10 mY d= 0.0226m™ ay isa) (ee craves (At Ey’ BAR BC: Te Line 204s = frp el Ce cared Sa eee OATASB -P-f += Souvwe, P= 194452 dg = 64a = 48.6 G—3.4-11 = d= DIAMBTER TAPERED TUBE G~ sigan mopuivs x ald tw rmexness Goisrat) Ta = Macimuna roRque a dy dg = Averace iamereas ~ ae 4, ae p= zee ace FERNS ) @) maxiaues sucan STRESS sed, 1, ZEE Geronmare roms) |" ieteee . lela. tab : Cane GE” pat or (O ancue oF Twist TOd= TORQUE At DisraNce 2 FRon EAD B i Teo ge tae. tent a 5 Tae Tus Often OF COORBMMATES AT FONT ©. ae aw T6éL - d@= Se (de) = By ety total ca =(dg= dpa tet gy z,o)= Hiatt to Eig edi a ¢ (a o> Fen ta? *" area? FOR ELEMEUT OF cada dz: ap ~ Ten Td at? de WIRE INSIDE A FLEXIBLE TUBE 6I,G G4 je rotgs 2 For maring, BAR: ATE doz oa a ‘x “(+ ¢ weta | “x erp 4 Ar d= 4mm Ti = 0.2.Nem t =Q04N-m/e WHA LENGTH Lima Tattns= 30 MP2 Eeuuipnium: T=tl + To BAR WITH DISTRIBUTED TORQUE tempers or | POM 29. (3-12) ta eT To Hd Cone aed Foes thet = Ede L d= DIAMETER oer cts | be ie (teat) Curcoavns sucan sracss OEMS | Lm TE nds eT) eth t= Gime @ SUBSTITUTE. HUMBRICAL VALUES: L= 4.4200 e wa @ancue oF wisT ope 2 (O) Angie OF Tus T Le4m G7166F2 a 4, = aveus,oF TST DUE To DisTRIBUTED ToRaVE Telrtn Tp= 3E = EEE CrRom prosicm 3.4-12) dg = Telde 4 sptede Ted GIy, = WG d* , = Ancte OF nuser DUE To TORAUE To ms = BL. seth o = [49 - BE (ade = Leth Tip 7 HERE (From ae. 2-19) aT = TOTAL AwoLe OF TWiST he * be ‘tL +27) +— TAT musi or |? ™ teat ") STRIBUED rod q teen enin| SUSSTITUTE NUMERICAL VALUES werenow @ = 2.97! rad = 170° S—ge 4.0K 10% psi tan Gre (From £9. 3-72) = 214 psi Gana * Tas = T2NO psi <— Cb) ArPLigD TORQUE = ae Faey Tne Zr 2 “am T= 65000 lh-ine— 4p= 100mm T= 8.0 SN-m ; Teo E(a-dt)= El(ovona SoLvE FOR d, * y PL=i2m Gn28 GPs Taun™ GrO= Gr-—b (From eg. g= Rae he “sth = 1070%10° rad — d= 410i, dinzoin on oce ype = Cronica AR) O02) HE) dé] wo Te = (B000H-m)(0.05m) x le to FBP ASAIN wt Ef(er000)*- 44] = 8547015 mt* d,= 0.05978 m = 60.0am — = fowl (anBMts)G20) Q- Seek eounaan T= 2G oo 0) Jpeee, Toua™ 46.8MP2 3-Ta) HOLLOW STEEL BAR c——at a] C314 Gann t0 pei Vous™ 6B x 10% red A= 3.0in. d, I," El (s.010)*-(eain)] = 4.6180 a? MAXIMUM TENSILE STRAIN Ewac= ge = 334 10° MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESS Timur = G Yann ™ (0X10 pai) 668% 10"'rad) 7348 psi nae = Cmax = 7380 psi — nc d- 50mm T= 1300N-m SWEAR STRAW (FROM £Q. 3-38) Yous = 2 Eman = 662% 10° wd SHEAR Mopuys = eo a _ 1 la00nem) Wimax 7 (0.080m)*(CL2x10") G = 80,0 GPz — STEEL TUBE C5 4 GaUL2 x 10%pai Gr totes ‘= 0.0404 rad | Fp" [d-d*] = 0.43982 in! Finn TORQUE T | SHeak srRAint (FeoM mn 3-22) Yaz = 2 Eman 406% 107% SHEAR sess Teas 6 Yona TD — = 2GYau Ty. plnexiirs)(aocssdX de, Tie. T = 2500 bin, — BeT= 450 Nm G=78 Gh OWADLE STRESS TENSION: BO MPz COMPRESSION: COMPS SHEAR: 5O MP2 ALLOWABLE TENSILE STRAI? Eye, 275 210° AMBER GASED UPON AusowASle STRESS THE MAXIMUM TENSILE, COMPRESSIVE, AND SHEAR STRESSES Wt -A'GARIN PURE TORSION Ana NUMERICALLY EQUAL, THEREFORE, THE LOWEST ALLOWASLE STRESS CONEAR Thats) GovERus. Catine = 50 MP we er 4 Yue Zeman a GCXuaa™ 26 Emax eT. Pa HT eT maa ™ wd a Tome *206lm 50 o= Truce dm 53.423.410% me? d= 0.03TIn* 37-7 TEHSuE STRAW GOVERNS Mumaum DiAMETER d= 37.Tmm — SOLID CIRCULAR BAR OF STEEL. 2.0m, To 8.0 kein Gasp: C7 4, Le) MAK tae STRESSES _ Coa “18 = Lefeooss) «sons Gx esastpst Td? ~ “1 (2.0%0) ¢ STRANI CAGE AT 45°? Ener /BODKIC® = 50% psi = - 5010 psi — fin 50%0 EE oe RO is oI] sony: @=5070 ioe. ——> a ~ fds) = ide = LWetaxigues sreane Gémee = = 20% pet 432215 red — aba = eed atedi- oda | 7 FE Gee 16s syscriryre metic.” Teen! Emax = Mpa = 2162 ioe VALUES! 44 (agony ‘tories meee tage — FGBxI0 pu) (1860 10" & . = 0.40% int — 0278647 in! f 1 = 0.19095 int Imac = 22st 4,7 0.6018 — benaioerd x ALUMINUM TUBE +—— + Or d,= 50mm G*27 GPa T= 4.04N-m Zu=5OMPs &, = 900%15° DETERMINE THE REQUIRED DIAMETER dp ALLDIAALE SHEAR STnEss BASED OM SNEAK (Tama), = 50MP2 AUDUABLE SHEAR ovrsive viamanran. H= S00hp me B00 = Rina (afad Tatua™ 6000 psi Type E (4% mE [e sd] EQUATE TORQUES étrar. Tp=aosteced*'| rok THE SAME POWER, THE TORQUES MUST Hm Ba Hehe marpm Fe egt BE THE SAME. Fon THE SAME MATERIAL, Gord Pants cau DE STRESSED TO THE saree 2Tn 21(6001 Tete T= 2283 lb-ft 7 39,890 Ibin, 10 DIAMETER, a Téd/e) ete ae sowie, d= n22id <-— an a.os7ace dt = euazoniaits) 2 Govore HOLLOW PROPELLER SHAFT| = B,000H ,, (28,000)(s00y) 3 T eatin STAR ae wt tat ath Wed, % dim 56.0310 d = 3.84in<— d= 50mm d= 40mm G* 80GFs n=G00rpn| ww" BOMP2 Oy, 2.5%/m HOLLOW SHAFT Tp = E (dhedt) = 362.310 mt P= i20aW fo tsHe Gy, = 45Mh d2o.76d| a2 (2 4) mane d= Oursiwe DIAMETER d.=1siPE DIAMETER sase0 rou nsowamie euean srREs_ LOW SLE SHEAR STRESS Ln Eat a= Eat @rsd']=accmed) Tae ee To Bieele P= 20eT Pmwarrs $= He Tenewrm peor Tt) 71273 Nem : oe oust em P 1z0000W_ ae 2aF am(sta) BASED UPON ALLOWASLE RATE OF TwIST — o- = B=61,0, GT, . pater (80 GPa) 362.316 wi) (e.5poXrb5 "a4/0) = (273Nm)Cd) me 0.06712 d* 2 GEMfa) T= 1265 Nem d= 0.0002108 m* d = 0.05951 m Taine = Ty = NET Nem aan MAXIMUM POWER d = 52.5 mm — pom ZEAT 2 20 C00rpm)(u54Nem) 0 co P= 72,820W= 72.8 kW —MOTOR-DRIVEN SHAFT MOTOR-DRIVEN SHAFT. cat. 125hp -!80hp La opt eo I2okw —_-1BOW bee ise ‘A Ly s ee. Lesage A te Ec 122 0.4m d= piammren n= 1000r—pm Fy, = 7500 psi d=pumerer f= 32Ha Zi = 50M G=756%e Grdaiiya = 15°F 0.02618 rad GHUSKIO ps | Onde, = 4° 0-06 98I rad TORQUES ACTING ON THE SHAFT ieeeer pocareniistracas Tr swatTs faa T= Mewrod METERS H= Serr Hhp navpm T= lb-ft = fe \ p= 28.0008 of . Zn AT rowir Ax Tam EP 0CO — = 1492 Nom AT pour A: The 2000275) -f| AT pomr B: Ty = LOT = 596.8 Nem ‘2.1 (000rps ‘a0 ‘A a TIL882I0i) ay pout c+ J, = BO Ta = 815-3. Nom Ar Pomr 8: T= Ta T8676 Ih-in. | eee e-Bopy DIAGRAM 276 Team Tis 615.3 Nem AT pow C+ T,=-138_ Ty = 14541 FREE - BODY DIAGRATt ea ae T1352 then Tin RB Gace 27 MMATER 2 Ta" 1454 thin. «€ eee Te 3 5%.8N-m —a oat ape uc ST DIAME! y one A CF Bae MITERNAL TORQUES 7 1492. suan Te 7878 thin ; Tec = 815.30-m Taa= 17,382 Ib-in. DIAMETER BASED UPON AULOWABLE Tac = 1454 tb-in. THE LARGER TORQUE OCCURS IN SEGMENT AB DIAMETER SASED UPON AUDWABLE SHEAR | _ Joho 43, IoTas . Io (492N) STRESS Tuc Lancer TORQUE OccuRS ui seomeur | "Wd? Tlste - (SontPa) d?=0.0001520n d= 0,0534m = 534 mn dP Lelia a Holi 82d) ist Flaine” (7500-6) Tote g. te. gen asses of taser | 9% Gy” Fed SROMGNT AB? sz Tl _ 32 (Ui2W-n).5m) wed* Foseh) dt i y= sues Téd* SECMENT BC eS s2cirgzobiad(eh Gain) ye = Se Takes 2628 302004 prone TOSHIO Tod" TOsehat _ dy, = Suoitais® Seemeur 6c z at = Se Relee FROM A 10 ct . Tr 0.4135. = SED Wi(4BOCeinfed Dro” Hast Goe® SEE oe ater at (Grady 0.06981 rad d* 5 .arsx 10° FROM ATC: hrc=Grathec= “S270 7. 0.06961 = SEES rang ™ 0.02 618 rad AND d = 0.04933 m= 44.3 mm o's 0.02618 = 450%. ane d= 2.75in, SHEAR STRESS GOVERN: d= 53.4 mn G— ANGLE OF TWIST GOVEAMS 4 7 75g 30)CIRCULAR BARWITH FIXED ENDS i & From Beef 2 Tee ease (eb) MAXIMUM ANGLE OF TWIST ane” (= (5 = Gee SHAFT FIXED AT BOTH ENDS A4d me a Lnark be Armapan. THE REACTIVE TORQUES Cas) BE OBTAINED FROM Fes. G46 aa) 74 The T= Te. APPLY THE ABOVE FORMULAS To Tis enven BARD % 2k Te f & é a 4 | Ta> TB) +27 (4)= AB To= Te(h) #2 To(%)= Soe ANGLE OF TWIST AT SECTION B 5" Gy> GH = AEE 2 GIp 206, ANGLE OF TWIST AT SECTION C 2 = PUtw). 3TL $= bee Oe Sete MAAIMUM ANGLE OF TWIST Daas * oo ahh —— To oe Siten Q7b, THE LARORR Tongue (aus wanes THE LARUGR “STRESS) IS IN THE RAT HAND = telah) . ad om Ip 2h, = 2bu toe (7) = 2b tp Tame Te ad Cae ad ANGLE OF ROTATION OF ME DISK (pou fa 3-49) = bab @L Ip = Cw ab 2. 2bT ue Gm GLIp =a + HOLLOW SHAFT WITH FIXED. eS s CIRCULAR BAR WITH 8 FIXED ENDS Fro be meee Ane b): Taz BE Too Tbe APRLY THE ABOVE FORMULAS TO Tie CEN SHAPTS e Kw ETP 40000) Lg * C00 mm La" 100.00 Lx Lt s*/500—— = 0.1eP Te= EEA = wo2aP umires Pe nswrous T=Newrou METERS THE LARGER TORD UE, AND HBICE THE LARGER SHEAR] STRESS, OCCURS Ws PART CB OF THE SHAFT. a 42) dts =0; a isd tA te * de? on ee Trax = Te = 0.24PPm STEPPED SHAFT wi TORQUE Tous Eel T= 2omule (1) # ° uuirs: newreus aupmmrers | gal Tone ™ S561 HI Zp Fe (dndt)= 342.2140) d+ d= a05m SUBSTITUTE NUMERICAL VALVES ITO. a Ode FIND (Te)max Tats * OME 0.247 = 2E5810 ai) eee. .2hei6 el) ome ised nencrwe conse (enon mes, 3-456-aib 1) ia = ——beten — 3320N — Tas To Tota theirs, a - LaTys hek (wEttiz) @ rosgon Sade> vou Sumas Srpses 1d EE tetrad ren. @ Lenzner, | coven eas. (i Age CA sain roe Tot 7 ta8om |" Fas ee ee 2 : beg? Lales Fuso (Tener Case = 8000981 | Te ir 182 Gaal! F Le Bra encom ToRgses, (rime a6. 545% sun) sete tui + HO ) @ (tp Tpn “% Ge ship) ‘diese vrainisipiiah-cacouas, @ 1-2 (chien) rae ETS Tea Td Toney (5) Tre * Sie Tasd rat tated thy, (2) | Comsme eas. (2) aur ® e sa FOR To? coms nia Qs, (1) Aub (8) Aue Suv FOR TET Tao(1 + ete) Ton bra ine lt EE) rere ta (it HA) = Td tans (i iat) a Sisbicote inmessich yoaoass, ue Ton tTiNem Sunsrirora Manica vanonss Oo | SHGMeNT AC covEes CTednac™ (OTN teerdgndde., © PS ce ppeD SHAFT. coe gs. G)Aun(s) Aup soive FoR Tot no Te Reena ee) aoc FETs taal + 2a) @ ret Lada SUBSTITUTE ume Rican VALUES? T= 7440 theta. eden oats, ose Li (stot SEGMENT AC bovEnns ae _iste |. 7.27. CTwan™ 5150 Ib-in To - TanTon- (| wore: mele = ate ass AEmove THE sumroRt ar ae © eee a Tye rovak Monenr OF wiekTU LaFrso 2t9 cee = Bee, ~ Bua) God $e> “Cire ae Ci Gh #500 mm COMPATIBILITY ,=0 (| g,=20mm dee stam de 45nm G= B06. “SUBSTITUTE Bes. (1) AM (2) uiro £4.(8) aato SuAMIe TE LOLAR MOPAENT OF INBAT A BAR: Ip= df = 7.522410 mt? L Ried £2 no EG 3p) = 23766 118! mt pr = (500N-m (0.25070) rs SOWE FOR %¢ rE (- zs) ° = 125.35N-m He Seg = -fione worl cone ee see G-0.5104) = 153 mm — a3(4) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES BAR: = HSEL = 23.0m ta <— 7 Type: T, = TG = 35.5MPz <— fe. JG) ANGLE OF ROTATION OF END PLATE = Db = Tet oo c09852 rad = ¢ Ch, * etn B52 rad = 0.564" (c) TORSIONAL STIFFNESS djet2in. detain ds=LBin. G=nexio’psi POLAR MOMENTS OF INERTIA BAR! Ip, = dit = 0.20356 int ruse: Ip, = E-(aj'-4")= 005345 nt ORQUES 1h THE BAR(s) au TvRE(2) FROM 1s =A AN BARS T= (et) = = (4400) (0.23754) Ib-in. = 1045.2 Ib-in. Tue: T= 1(24) z a.) Gioineans) tein. @) MAKiMuM SHEAR STRESSES BAR: 7; = EID = 5000 pi — Tse: T= madi = 4620 pi <— QA ANGLE OF ROTATION OF END PLATE. Tk. ek jib... 52 ead o= Ch” Gin 0.008852 = 0.507" — (6) TORSIONAL STIFFNESS: Ay Tom 97 ke .+— COMPOSITE SHAFT. SresL sieve G,=916%2 Ga7SGPa CRAKS CORE ALIDUABLE SrReaars + da26mn Gm somfe t= somes de 40mm ISOLATE TAB BRASS CORE AND THE STEEL SLEEVE BRASS cons 425m i th Ty F d= 38, 950% 10m! GI p, = 1495.63 Nem STEM s.ee: Trem 3a (ato) = 212.98 10? mt IG, Ip= 15, 973.3 N- mi CARCVLATION OF TORQUES (FROM £6: 3-440) T= T (Sete) = o085c1e T Gu Tpat GIs) Te = T- Te 0043047 In cakes O.08scueT = (antatbnont = 92.039 N- (25 ae) /2 7 bce sre MO 6 Td i (hae onsse4T = conte sia) gee on Comal Ts 582 Nem STSGL SizgvE CovERns Tuan 582Nom G— & Gg* 1,500 kei Auowase sracses: T* 4500p Ts = 7500 pet ISOLATE THe BRASS CORE Auy THE STESL SLEEVE BRASS cone: yet, ——— % Tp" Eo? = 15708 nt Glen = 8.7965 210" taint a+ATEML c1s8ve: ™ TESL SLEEVE: |, ,, % + Ca en pam Fe(ad- dt) whe Bet int Gg Tye 14.844 x 10° th in CALCULATION OF TORQUES (FROM Ee 3-440) T= T (Sete —\ = 0.31204T Gets Gal, Te = T-T, 7008796 T J ALLOWABLE TORQUES BASKD UPoM SIAR STRcsses Cidotae Tob ale Ts Stash SAREE: 5 | Taal) "lps Ten Dame Tee 42/2 10,540 tein. int) = 1800p8! 0.687% T tin. T3153 k-in STEEL SuEAvE COvERNE Toran = 15.3 k-in. — (AFT rem suet PROPERTIES OF THE eTERL EHArT Ce) Gs BOGP2 d,* 70mm AuowARLE suRAR areas > ZT = 110 mPa Ta of = 2.0512 210% mt IG, Typ 188.574 2 10" Nem™ PROPERTIES OF THE BRASS scanve (4) G2 406P2 d= 10mm d= 70mm AMOWASLE SHEAR STRESS: T,= TO Mfe Tym Fe (df dt) = 4.0841 « 10% mt 1G, Tye 163. 969 x10 Nem TORQUES It THE COMPOSITE BAR Ty = Tone Wi THE AreEL qUAAT AB Ty Tongue 12 Tus Beas SuEEvE AB (ata) The T (meee) neiiaeisrstelh eet te) Te= T (0.83582) 2a.) Te TTT) zac) = 1068. obrin.| [3.8-14 CONT.] ANGLE OF TwiST OF THE COMPOSITE BAR AB. = Baa. Re (6, x15°) das Ne = oe (6.6828x16°)T aac) vars: TaNem Qurad ANGLE OF TwIST OF FART BC OF THE STEEL SHAPT ee * FEB + (oes IT eat) JAneux oF taeT OF WE mx O=bratde (eas. 3 Ano4) = i4.2007K15)T omras Gerad TeNem Gd avrowases rongue T; pass ured AubLe OF nutsT Paie= 8-0" = 018963 rad = (16.2887 10°) T = 0.13963 rad T, = 8.57AN-m — (i AowJasee TORQUE Tz BASED UPON SHAR STRmAS I Tine enarr AB, G, = BD) %at0mte To . con = TOMEs Tem Osea iBT Coron, Gosenpri(o.0450) 4.0841 A/F SOLVE FORT (eeon.TOT)? a is.ct.bim ToMP: = SOLE FORT Caavas. TOT)? 7 at balm [(2) MAXIMUM AUOWASLE ToRgun SWEAR STRESS STEEL GOVEANS Tas TA SN-e—| £@.(1) £@.@) SLERVE 1s NOW ATTACHED THEA THE TORQUES Ty ARK REMOVED AND THE SUAFT PARTIALLY UNWINDS, THs SYSTEM REACIES EQUILIBRIUM WITH MO EXTERNAL TORQUES. aSCOPPER BAR tt eo Gre oaihs L= 20%. i+] d= 15in, Ty = RESIDUAL Toneum ACT IMG ON THE SHAFT Q, A RESIOVAL ANGLE OF TWIST OF THE SHAPT ur rie Cmax = 4000985 47 mt) aa if hie mo % re FREE- BODY DIAGRAM OF sieeve hermitage 5 d = rd tee \ = ste, “Eee (EY (25) t HSL thee a.) eseririvic modruchs Vanes Th TORQUE ACTING OF THE SLEEVE ‘juanialael p= ANGLE OF TuL6T OF THE sLEEVE Gamez NOTE THAT THE DIRECTION OF G6 Ofrosira | Ux LO TO THE DIRECTION OF 2) AMD THE DIRECTION z OF Tz 1 OPPOSITE To Tw DIRECTION OF Ti. | SUB6TITUTE FoR Taup U Poe ec@s. (1) ane(2)? Tt 2rt, es e = Bb fms be re a4) | O= 25% ee aa aunsrirote: Mumenican VALUES? 2" (43-42) se (8) fr 202ceTead uss —| woginigniei == —— SIICE THERE ARE NO EXTERNAL TORQUES, The ToR@ues Ty aup te Ane KovAL I STEEL BAR MAGNITUDE. Au OPPOSITE IM DIRECTION. X o G=B0GF: Tete 2@ Ce) L L=i5m DIAGRAM OF aneiee OF Twier —— i eqsacs = MMIMAL TwIsT OF Tae suse DUE ‘mae = 4, Pe ete ea frasmtel ge titre gee @,2 Twist oF Tue SZRYE AS THE wa? 1 ‘0 SYSTEM PAnTIAWLT UNunins (en.4)| T, = Edt $,~ gssipuan runsror me eunrT [60 ener 0. . conesrwusre v= Fee - (22g) (3.)(3) FROM THE DIAGRAM OF ANGLES OF TWIST! reece me $i be = be 0.7) ee, aah Loans Saad ‘sunsrerurm NUMEKIcAL VALUES See 296. G),G), an) U=4.9d — ine Pongus us| (4) Antu oF rw Taribu OF compara z “Te ge eu. Te Vase ey Gln GIp | GEp, suserirura FoR T aup U From as. (1) Ave (2) + jn coy | O= BEE SOWWE SirAvLT Anois LY £@6. (o) Anp(8) = SUBSTITUTE HUM ERICAL VALUES? =h= le - Sradmi2y — T-t= Pie 20.09) Gr acz25 rad mu mn an estan i eer Boer nsaare =i = aoe naa SGU 6 heat t Sussrnura pRom Hes. (3) AnD (6): — “4— £2.10) = FP late at- ah Te 76STRAIN EueRey (2 Bora Loaves act simunrAnmovset t “2 b- TAG) 4 UTA/2 T fa,” weg * ved peeeece t = "5G we +) #0) as AT DISTANCE % FAOM Te PRES EAD? A = Te 50, si ss pau vel emiae : Rquare U raow eas. (an (2) Aue Soe Fon a. ts a8 v=" en ae ter (retalax we te L (aia) Tt ett + oe Te, Tet ee uxId- ed (4 a at tat) 26m * tel, * Corp z NOTEs Us 15 NOT. THE sum oF Us Au>Us SyssrityTe Mun enicAL Ge : Gumana $= 25° 0.043638red) ANTI R BAR = 106.0 ae F DISTRIBUTED TORQUE ‘ COPLAG STEPPED SHAFT i (daa © Cr heiases Gren x a yn25, OF THs BAR, he Seer | Poy = [ewe | we J Lehim G40 GPa $= 55° = 0.061087 rad sumanr de CONSIDER A pirrensuriaL sumanr J AT DieTadtee Sram OUR, freon THe Riga Mano vas Ee aoe. erage dT = EATENIAL TORQUE AcTHie Ox Tis ELEMENT . boot ( a® dT=tQde ae (Ges woo | aris 26 (E)45 aise, U= Td 62.@) | euement dx ar osrance Z quae U prone nas. i) aue() ano save ron T+ | T(z) wrennat Tongue Acrole ou rs euantner - Ts eats TOD gry Te) TC) Tor roceum pron 2-0 To re fat BoP SG (Hey ZAt Totaly <¢ Oo Cletatls (ims RESULT Aces wiTH £9 (9-46) oF EXAMPLE 3-4, SECTION 5.8.) STATICALLY STE POLAR MOMENT DF INERTIA. zat ar saan men Ta pes U= 79.0) Tomeg Gaede Ty= OG, EE) 7 (6a 22 Tey Us ERE “rex, Pet A HE] SCR ed Or i STATICALLY INDETERMINATE. |<) A618 OF Tw1sT BAR ite Baten =——~—~—~—SCSY o> Eset = EE fags ee 2] (4) STRAM ENERGY aba =e. “2 Rom APPENDIX Ct dz ‘ { Git” Dhaba Tgenarons l-— = bhder ds) Taay 2eES Zaras svserieTe Tae exrhascion For. Toe WiTEshat ITO Tie EQUATION FOR U (aa. = 27? Lard) = ee (44 UF wee “2deae | Tet t) <— MORK OF THE Tongue T: W= TE = = TL dae dy) weu Tee Tae (dar 7 See a so.ve FoR $: Tes) m Te Tongue Actus om ras Tose gn Anus OF rater TH TORQUE AcT ing OW THE BAR y= Anes or twist3.4= STAM ENERGY = TL 7 t UsZEE* teks * tebe "Ee (ett) ‘SussTiTeTE For T Ano PLR t Fer GreecsXmre cna Nar pm (0 = RADI PER SmcOND KE=$ Te = 2m o 6O 1800 STRAIM ENERGY OF SHAFT (FROM EQ. 3-514) NG = Crores) /uesern Tp = Gewern)* > Rabu LeLencTa U™ (ueweri)(ronce) d= DIAMETER oe ser us Testgt G4L EQUATE KIMETIC ENERGY AND STRAIN ENERGY KE=U Dette = wage 1800 G4 Sow FORDE yon o> Sele rns shank aThate o- SE Ga + = Teale) Tr eumware Tr HOLLOW. R TUBE T= 1500k-in. E=10in. (Ge) on cams romepud ase NaF pa S0in 4a * OUTSIDE DIAMETER = I1.0in. d, = SIDE DIAMETER = 1.0in. KE = Ganenilronce) ae | ‘SOLID BAR 3 ja te (c3axn) IEORY (FROM 6. 3-68) 1800 kein ZHrE ™ Zr (s.0in*om Trornce * 91550 psi <— |W) exacr rABORY (FRO 5e. 3-11) Te Tae Tym EEE (are?) (eo. -) sex Tita [yaa son] = 193,28 i08 n Us00kinN(s.6in) i Cennet 743.25 ind 19,400¢8 BECAUSE THE APPROXIMATE. THEORY Gives rmesses TWAT ARE TOO LOW, IT 1S UNCONSERVAT IVE. THERE FORE, THE APPROKIMATE THEORY SHOUD ONLY OE USED POR VERY THis TUBES. t = 1549 psi rma Ta) a ae eae ae ig 3-64) EQUATE Tan MAZina/es SHEAR STARSSES bolP SLVE eT T Re rae ate + 0 we? Ja2mer Anamrt or Sree Ta ante nan = 26G@rrtt) BEL pyr eta A soup gar (2) a Ant Ip Edt ar Br Cina Tinea T= oR Lee 4 Sah rat ha THe. ri tna Le Ub wer” Be(Er 46 Sem She tr2<—G=266h Am? (S0mmY(20mm) = 5 1000 men IC SHEAR srmess (FROM £9.3-ci) Tt . se Pst Teele Bb) AMeLe OF TwisT (FROM EQ.3-72) ens Tk eg@en)s Ja Zee ty [n= 20mm stat onc bt, tht, = yu ZHREt 2 2(s50nn)* Gomn)* (mn) bth SOmm + 20 mm = 85,14 wnt = 85.714.10 7 mt - (10 nm) (0.26) (6GPN(85.114 1104) = 0.01010 red = 0.578" Gap tbls ae UNITS: C= meTERS be mares To sewrow METERS. n G™ NeWTOUs PER SQUARE METER 0 Raayne Pak Maren : -t) = ——300Nm _ £ (o.050m- t= Gera ours)” Teo SOWE FORE: t = 0.0045TIm = 4.5 7mm AnieLe OF rwist GOVERNS. = 4,57 mm — Le EIA. 2m “ CONT. Too)10-9] 1 THIN- WALLED TUBE THIN TUBE. StEDRK ABTA TEROEY, T+ 45,000 b-in. Taye 6000p5 tis mi niewes Ozsrt o- seas 6" at Pe avenaet Raps f= uMlinRapies = Fee rrom ca. tom): Fea BEE (rt) r s2intk =Zin = - = TE” rereGreey Sovran sone a age # (e) arenonmare THEORY Ge + Fee ce —-- 2thn Bt) Bare x. t $e iad << ooors~ deena ae 5 fe Agpimetamemsre Lon cuepte Bg = 1B. Rari0y/Ge arenoacnes wire | coe con te t=0.263 in, <— THUS, THE TAMINER THE TUBE, W)eKAct THEORY THE MORE ACCURATE THE APPRORIMATE THEORY BECOMES. ta Te T= E(t Tp THIN TUBE WITH VARIABLE +E [eret-cy'] at THICKNESS =HE (Prat szat est) 20. ds PROTERTICS OF THE css seer sisi nae ain tat 6.000 pai = 45.000 1brin) Cant) _— 8 tat, rain B) 06 “ae (Py atte2at a2) T= RAMUS TOTMEMEDA HE ove con ts Lan 2 Amer teo.27tin — J= ds=rde THE APPROKIMATE RESULT 15 5% LESS THAN THE 4 EXACT RESULT. THUS, THE APPRORIMATE THEORY 15 NON CONSERVATIVE Alp SHOULD ONLY BE USED 1h ae s ( ede de FOR THIN-WALLED TUBES. (e-(ntip- elite FROM A TABLE OF bITEGRALS (65u attinvix Cc): St =~ teal §- 9) fame Lan 2 (a+b) =conerant z Sempra a-ttan (EE) o2tan(h) 94+ man srness vere T= i Anwabe pit Lnaen Gens courmat b> sare ut fo flail tr = + pt er "Tm ates ree Gt aso ig Ate conser) FROM TR ORAPH, Ls 5 Twat Tis soeina MER RECTANGULAR TUBE Ty swat fol po meena ete Sa TorALTERNATE souuriOu = BT. Gg iy 6 ao- | ]-2 on atic sogaans pe ‘Tass, THE TUBE 16 S@UAnE Au T ts KITRER A ramumauea OK A MAXIMUM. FROM THE GRAPH, WE Sue THAT E™ RECTANGULAR TUBE, : aoe Ee re niie ‘rr Leper isiid pe nuen et gn Stee mabe pe ® 6I T Le Ae & af Lam 2taek)* constant Tecousrast be Le = ere ae is tee he ge Thue qf Etat 4G ots on ar" Stule t— 1,6 tramp ba ant consranrs) FROM THR GAAP, we Stn THA O maminree What Bal Ate rae TUDE 1s seuann. _saT_ Qe" Gt Areice turin «Bi ot 2 a - A [nite =0 61 ‘6 Jon 46° (ep)? 26 Le g)t =O THUS, THE TUBE t SQVAKE ANDO 1s EITHER A MINIMUM OR A MAXIMOM. PROM THE GRAPH, WE SEC THAT O 1S A MininuMt. [S10 - THIN-WALLED TAPERED TUBE a en Ce rieKnuse 7 das Avenace pustera ATO ide ar aa ESET) 2 da= Avenscs Pumaren be pores’ L T= Torque (2) = AVERAGE DIAMETER AT pisrstca ¥ hom Bu a aan a Ce T=2nr't= red HE oo] fates] FOR REMBIT OF LENGTH dz: p= Te 2 __atae GI © Gat [dye (Eee) FOR ENTIRE TUBE: gate Wot | a e(eeds)e FROM TABLE OF MITE CRALS (SEE APPENDIX C)? f eG ii “eb eee, = buat ming mae 2m Bt (aes) <— * Wet STEPPED SHAFT IN TORSION Tee = 7300 lb-in. . = 9300 Ib-in. <— fs Tose3.-4 CONT. LOHR. pa REBT (og se42 ov secrcu 3.1) P=warts n=rpm Ts Newrow METERS STEPPED SHAFT IN TORSION oat = OP - lem T° Jan 2 (400r¢m) maey = 40mn Di Comm TH100H Tu 120Mfs |USE £16, 3-48 ron THB sTAEes-coucaurnancs io, 3-48 on THe meer EEE cr wn (LE) Ta Tame = (BS) k= Tae EB) Qoortadied nomad a 197 mT He 04,320 0m) Kn woh Elida? zouts - “T Ie (nooN-w) De. G0nm 25, DB 40mm USE THE DASHED LINE FOR A PULL QUARTER CORCULAR “FO = 0.075 Rx 0.0750, = 0.075 (100mm) FROM Fie. (8-48) with BE ans au K=157, = 1B am weest RB zo10 : 2R= 100mm +2 (Z5eq) S115 mm a De 115 mm — Ain ® 0:10 40nn) * 4.0mm — STEPPED SHAFT IN TORSION t. Tr a oe iz De™ Lin T= 500 bin. D,=0.7,0.8, auo0.4in. FULL QVARTER= CIRCULAR FULET (D,=D,+2R) Ra 2h wo. 5in.— 48 FOR THE srRBss— CONCENTRATION |EACTOR = | ic telat) 2546 K| Toa = K Toon =| (en) i a waste TwIs VALUE OF Dy 4 A Lowen mir Mina 1338. i a a a et Re Re tas=rT ‘Simmple beam ion at BB ZMc=0 A P e. “Rol g Lezanth)+4(4,-qyL+za78-a)=0 Solve for Res? = R= 122 [gre 2yoqte 8] Rep f#—— Re=P Pp Shear force at the midpoint ES] tet Vo : % Fj = A \5n ay oz Vv 43-16 CONT. J ZFyerr=0 V=Re-q (arg)- (Heh gnar 5) Substitute for Rs and ay Siro. -1=0 and 5 3-17] aa oe Wi ebecdee ae = ? Tangential acceleration = 1% Inertial force = Ma=Wna Maximum Vand M oceur at x=b Vax = WCLabecdee +f Ws oedx =e erbee)+ whe (L+2b) Lp, Minar = HS tLebredite)4 fies px bydx = Wg (utbeexi+0+ MES (213) aa45-2] Simple beam 45-6] Simple beam Se pee = 03727L M Rg=39.33kN Re=39.33kN sai 6.38 ae se HE 59.24 61.15 ]Cantilever beam kN ASKN/m45-30] Beam with an overhang. 3kNim BkN an © 4m_42m|_3m | 3m Ry=2.25 Re2a5 ah N25, v Tf 525 OT | Laas Su-12.0 M 424m, B25 ° (aim) =e “240 Myo Mego Ma= Rg) 24 bite ek MzMe? Weal =LGa-)° ' Solve for a YZ). =0.5858L + Mi=Ma=$il-al= $5 9-212)= o02sgle) i" 2 St AK aft Reet fel se Rez8k 02323¢L. O207I¢1. 0 O2001L) ">. Vv oe te 1 Fe} ossaase Pesce 2215) s Ese: pe -d20TIGL 028g. eter et |Z oes oneMsgiz %4=036360. Meas» 40 os 20.201L 40833 | M o ~ : n, ACT RS = we ARS ~2.0245q> 0.02454 31 moment is smallest = H020- a The maxirnum bendi Mp=Mz. Crumerically. uz‘Compound beam 45-35] Beam (Vis gven) 2kN 10 tbrin [210 1b fa) Maximum By inspection, the "ppximum shear Foret Ay bvers otuure ot au Bee er elaced colt to but Po cre tc soy ne Simple beam (V is given) 6.0 kN/m 18kN Vox = Re = P(S~2)=28 kN = (b) Maximum bending moment By inspection the maximum banding mamert 3 of pore By under the larger d ode Bad oe Xd) EES GL-Sa)xe2d-d)] eq. tee Bene Se Solve for x: -x=$(3-58)=4.0 m e— CONT.‘Substitute x into Eqine Myax= £L-3ET (3-30 + 0-5-3) +2d(L-d)) =fL3-2P=78.4 km <— Mn 184 eT [om Len Sm Fob 0 Note: — END OF CHAPTER 4 —STEPL WIRE tt red ? d/t is edhe Substitute, numerical values: Ermax™ 1860 x 10+ <— do d=3mm Emax = 0.004 Le2re pe. ae From Eq, (5-4)+ mex =m Gite = 8 Lmin = xd = m(om) = 2.36. <— Emax ~ 0.006 STRIP OF STEEL L=Sbin, £2 04in, 6* 029 in, Note that the denecton conve 1s nearty Flat (Hiss 124) cand © 15a very sail angie. . sin o= Un. Ade vn ti Me e “LN We s=p(i-cse) Teme] eH) Soetinutts normertcal values (? icc) 0.29 in.= p(1- as Ain). SNe mamericalys p= 559 in, Crp a ditn Se = mere (Shar toning at the top surface) OF RECTANE CROKS SECTION. F L=tsm h= 1mm 6925 mm ene, Is 5.4-3 a s 2 POLYETHYLENE PIPE L= length oF 90° bend porobns L* 45 FL 540in, d= Ain, L Ls ae Angle tgats 90° or */ rations. rap = radius of curvature write wt a dit Png Or" ape Td = x (dip) = so20x wt CANTILEVER BEAM =, L= length of team HS mam €max= 0.0008 y= somm Emo" perdi - foam = om -_ ly Kap = a01bo mg — Assume, that the defection curve Is nearty Har. Then the distor, BC te some os te, eng Lofty ben. sno=b = igh = 00% ‘marcsin 0.082 * 0.002. rad S=p (1-0) = tam -us (ncee rat) = 1.5 em <— Nokes 10%, winch confi tat tes depsion curve is nearly flat. Note, that the, deftection nearly Flat: (Lis = a0) and © bea ‘vert serail dag. soon tie, = ye. “rosie B= pit ee) ap (ices sy) Sebati, amerika 0025 mm p (1- co (p> meters) Seve nomerically = p = tt. Sm €-f ~ bin = pm 2 5x0 <— STEEL WIRE BENT AROBNO A PULLEY E+ 29 Kw pai dog, in. Rew Ihe c) Maxim stress in wire, po Retg wiilet, = ua eden. From 9. (5-7: ee ~maagggpine bt ~ = 40,00 pi IP EensGPa Le2m t= 2mm (6) Maximum cress in sip Le ane = 2p p+ de ITO us[S.5=2_CONT. From Gq. (5-3): = 2mey t Cmax = 2TE(H) = wee T Substitue, numerical valves: Oinax = EAB EPM 20m) 2 355 MPa <-— 2m Sb) Change in stress Ternetnlceness € increases, the stress Cinax_ increases. o- + STEEL RULE BENT INTO AN ARC. TE = 29x 10% psi 0.10 in. L=30in, oe wsvoral (2) Maximum bending siress. weeL pak Omax = EY = Seti) Eps ee ragions) Tmax = ea, sesh (oa conte rll ‘L@0 ny = 50,000 psi Ge) Grange mm saress Te the angie, % incrtascs, the SITCSS Crmax meres. 55-4] -SIMELE BEAM wr UNIFORM LOAD. Laps Ge bs wIm b= I50mm = 300 men Moar =o) S=_bht mas, Mgt tes.“ substi nomerical yokes: Cmax = 3 eAeNiMIOB MY some <— SEES , SEESAW. << ant d= 80mm L=145m b= 200mm Pade.sen Mmmex= Po S=-Edt Cina = Mos = B2fb = Met soltenel * es0Mnd— Ga a! WO ren 55-7 1D6E GIRDER, + Leite qe ieeite $= 2890 ie? Maes = tet S Monee = FL = (39 wN4.Sm)= 195.5 Kolm L™ 1 (200 rom)(300 wel 1 G26 m0 45% rom)” = 68.5 x0 met Cmax = Mew = (5 5ut-mi(s20 re) -T04Mta <— i SKF me? BRIDGE GIRDERS en 750 lps Bt So BH. 984 Cex = HA 100i. 5 £250 psi <— s B.A int Ss tet ree Ga tibie Peeow deO5H L=iOFe Moar = gut Manac = Pd + 3:0 = 680 to-Fe +200 tft fowintste® Doe samen ‘= 280 fe-fe *10,540 tein, t = 10897 x10" thin, Tm 1 ceinveny ~, © eo Sen AB. Cmax Hime Gast xe trial 008 pl + (23 inborn? = 29.0 x10? int nee150 mm t=6mm d,=138mm ss4m T= BkAla? Lam an(l-s/2=45 m AE (di-dt)= 21¢ mnt <= de = 15 0m Ge PA x (18 tourer Xatt+ mt) = *48.85 Nim Ls (@-a0)= 10484 0" emt —S Maximum stress de. = = Mn $at = 494.6 im Mengh(bs)=-m69sm Mimne 2 494.6 Hom rh -—- ¥ Pe2bK beltin, heWin L=Stin a= 05:0. S=bht 620%? qg=_2e = 180 Ib/n, . ora Me “ Myr tah = ROK OP tin Mes. g(t-40") oes 5-5-0] [5.5-12 CONT. PIPE HOISTED BY A CRANE t aD. a ee Po se-geao xe Sdestiture, x= 5 into-the equation for: nA age Mone (= Sela) = 35 For the, vertical wed beam: =a; Mmax = Sie Maroum bending sress = ayn = gah s Baer -Scbsfiture, numerical values: irax = 2.22 MPa <— [E} MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESS From Appendix. D, Case, 10: Hodscmcinae, Tp = fomtaete* . ort etid® Sa ste foe + Otte =e al ES byeb b= te Fs mma [a eee /—_s—4 =. From Appendix D, Costs Sand 15 Tyrael tee Me) rad wate peep = radians aatsing barcsp sant55-14 CONT. Lys xt. £(t fp - sinpasp+2sinp css) a8 (30- (sn pcasp)(t-2.08°)) ait. & (£-p- (sn 2ah-co1g)) [55-16 CONT. J Maumym bending moment Mrrax = R(L)=9 (§)( $8) = 4-3 50 8,316 Mem Macimum bending stress, Moar « 2 (L- 2) Maximum bending stress wat et a ( ‘numerical values: (oii - 260 at8.01) Ormax K TewoinKwrn sae] SSCS STILE. ‘a 2 Gadpetsm Lasl-24,220m 224 (ts0mm) = 45 mm “e- (Ent egsht) 1» 1 (00 madtisomen?-1, 20mm) 20 mai? Bv-sn te) = 1.648 x 10% mt carsnp = gsnp Fina Me a (ele ttn) (35: 75mm <— = t 1 pe Hap tar 55-7) CANTILEVER BEAM = 0.9084 “iT os e Gf _ - zie e PET es Loss vas aay «fa ee peated csi deb EE = BCS lb-ft + 319. © Ib-Ft = IIB.6 lb-ft = 13,423 Vein, » ears | Maximum ensie sess, S=16.2in? = Meg tansien’ Mes = oman lain. seat Se. Beom is Stronger when bent aboue aris 1-1 <— feifao nS a ME pa ieg q— eee = STs Solosttvie nameric Wahues: Qree = 204 tolin, + 5. 6-20, damx = marian depth of water is (hoe. 1 ro faction at end A wien the. warer ro fect ot en Aw pth t= thickmss of pane! » angle oF indiration Te weight density oF water oe win pe are perponteater 0 esp, west Site panel Ge 2T deme b oF distributed ood octing [CONT Tee56-20 CONT] The eesuttant of thes trict food aces Ata the cemnid of We range This Me ao eh Senge PME, + hedges ‘Fittchay dlogrom of gare £¢ of te, panes, Tish th Mma = Mo > (ESR fst) = Rear ehcal= s Ge 2 F dawn © > Fish Mirae = Ap ph a Maro = Sanne = (BE) Cite (2) ‘d= 2.5m, Aszbsmt L2t5int Sx4sc in? ‘Deom with cover pate, (8 otis is centralde! axis) WrnKes A= het (40inN05in) = 123 int Fiest momen with respect t0 ots 4: Oye ZG AIH (625in.+ 025in KAD in)(05 in) = w.00in? 7 Qian BERE = L088 in ty 6285 at 8507 = 2.200 in Moment oF inertia above axis Tea = Tog (0k SP r(4.010:5N6.25+0.25)" 23625 in Moment. of tneria about t ont: Tanteragt Tae Lenit Ta 300.9 int (a. sin N(.05t int 2385.80 Serlen mad: Ue ester ofthe two ston ma Sodk= yb et= 6.0 we eke ONT. |. Equate, Mmox from gs. (i) and (2) and soive, for ts ten feizg Sou ONT] ato ef secon mado, Se 168 = LO 45.6 Percent inertase = 6.0% — cl L=150 mm 4235 wim si \ A et FE pz0 wn? Manne = gett Sa tpt = aye (odoisregard dre, he beam Max = CamwS Os ag Foe Suxstitte: nomerical volves: vs 9088 115 en? ++ ap cam 3) “AUOMAl 20,0095 m = 2.9mm Gelndede the weight of the, boom qe = weight oF beam per unit fength Ge 27 (bilab) = 27" Mae = Sagal 2 (ge 27 BALE Sait Mirae = Games EU o2P OILY = cians (382) Rearronge, thes equation: A Gums bP OTLEY -3q.L* 20 Substitute, numerico| values: (2A0 x10*)8~ 0 295b*-236.25"0 Coe mesers) ‘Sete the equotion: b=0.00996m = 3.9mm 125Gum 2 1100 pai Ssecion Seb ee Agee) = 12.0 in, Merox = CoteerS or Solve for s: s= (Agee hz 5f = 60%, Fre soi) pressure at tho top = 100 IFA « 0.6044 Bin wins 12s J aometer eile ain Divides the tropezoiclo| load into-vo trlargtes (ee dashed tine). S=agh — Mmat = Gms or BEE A+ pe) = Gann (Eg) ‘Sole, for s: Seger a 8.40 Teh p+ ed Plone governs Sx = 72.0in. — 56-24 CONT. Eaval_ section modvki Set $a.01 and soe mmericaity for 4. & * d= 0.6801 h Pot a groph of S* verws ior = dO, $I0H() 29 mops | Ae: BEAM OF SOUARE (Kabs SECTION 5.6-24) ™ WITH CORNERS REMovED BEAM WITH PROJECTIONS aslength of eacn side asameunt removed Beam is bent about the 2 ox, © Oeigica\ beam i abe ae seam ith ei. “(8 Bert b )theadl? =p, Lehre (he2d)?] ee (hs ed) Laat ane Sate ee cs rs Seda w bh ara Smart mnee y= ait rms St thea f 2 ne te te a? =f (baseN height)? Sr 9theadlioh’? 3 Test. ave) Wega p= ae op? CONT. CONT.|S. 6-25 CONT. Rertceed cves section I= I)+ ate Sag nsatioa? ew ope. seb. ae Cer apharee at Senn mis He = (eh nad 0 smn ve of w(é\-° Tare, the derivative and.sote, tms equation fers. eee << (ed Mosimum values of Sse. Substitute = ¥9 into q. (i), (S/S lam 2.0585 ‘The section modvtus is increased by 5.25% when thes tronguor areas ot rormed. iPESies qs diometer at smotl end da =diamerer ot large end dx = diometer ot distonct. x den 2.5 on de = dat (dyn) 5. = da 2) See ade = =a (ey Sara fe oe Bet: 6, «0 Bette deroi,sreqal v0 r0, ond sone for a XSL ag Suman srs = 2scPt Gras (Ge=$ — diay = B7SE a Sa-2 TARERED CANTULEVER BEAM t Spore css. sections, i pie = 4 tanebh ® . Es Bate, (0nd (2) ond Soe For Let Eq. (5-39): teu (Hv) Vag <1 tab? 2 a 1 aahGe) <—Mas = 912 S= bt Comat og genet (9 ao rok = GL Ath Toren = 2Y we BB ix” “abn gene = Bteeebh “ au Enc ond on so tor Le: tox h(E) <— Notes: rf the actual engin is ess than Le, the = hin Xz inyl2in) = 1Gin> ae, inPe wins xa? nko in? in. £. (Path; eps) % *, = Pol 2 8P. ) Ta Me Ee Fy) ~ 10) (e-ia, A in) ind* = 24 ind (Pate; Sepsi) S= bhte co 6 = (OP wind = 3t 28 We * Pf Ce =f. (800 5) = 2000 We Aiipwobley load SHEAr SHtesS IN the glued Joints governs. Bz 1800 tb <4— fom rome | hs 20 men home ‘be20mm L320 mn rr W=a2Nn 2 W228 a1omm "ben Crs . SN eieoene Taye Ve Eegke Le ton ‘Peruwrons) Co nr mt im ples CS wren P= [350 Taw-32°A5N- 32H = 40nN — {e) Miowobte lo9d based upon bending stresses. Caw = 8 MPa Tn Moms, Mem = Fig $i a 066+ 0.188 (orm) (Perewtons; M2 Nim) 5 =(208r0.128sm) (6+ Hm = Fe) 450" me Solve for Pe P= (56.25 x10") Gotow 6 = (Se.25 x10"*)( 8100" Pa) -16 A+ = 48 NBE-9 ONT. (0) Disregarcina tne-weight of tne. beam. Re =(t0 Wie fe) , 28001 = 5493 te Re= Hobs 2 (Bpe0u = Hore af? ’ i Van =o = AOR neers = 6401 Maximum bending, moment ours under thes concentrared tod, Mmox = Red~_¢d* a = WAOF IWS #0) = (20 thy On? = 10,060 tb-fe ="224,200 to-in, Finer = BY. Ang Ris = atte Ana 2 O50 pai = Seq = Mees = 224,200%6in = 89,5 in? Ss Gower 2500 al | Brom Appendix FE: Select 8x10 in. beam (nominal dimensions) <— A= 71.25 int Seed Sehr int HOt +38= W426 tb Ke = 6A0F beds RDO HY = Veron = (ABS fy Arp = 2Vea = 9 int ae 8X10 beam is stil) Satisfactory for sheor, Grom, = 120 Mbfek+ 3 Wiek = 13%.3 Toiee Mimo = Rad gt = (9s W493 (orsp)isel® 110,038 fe = 2245080 Ibn Sreq « Menon = 224,050 tooin, 5 S04 in? Catv 2500 pei 8x10 beam is still satisfactory for moment. Use, BEI0 in. beam <— Te 54 say? Letom q=¥bh atBi44.Nim 58-10 ONT. {G) Alowobte, lend F bad voon bending stress Cam =85 Mh Coto S Mn = PL, Git = Pian) , (194 Medoan +8 e = 0.3P +32. 66 Mm (Panewtons; MeN) Mmon = Stow = (1246 x10? men? (8.5 fo), 444 Nn ERLOHe values OF Maes ond scive For Ps OBR ERO = As Pe 38,920 or P= 380 wh <— e sess Tame 208MM T= BL VeQegh =f, iaistinttel «6 enee Oo vegas. <-$ Gecommbnaantye RON Bavate voles of Vond sete for P £4 8.86% 220 Pau * or Po25.6 uN Tmin =Vo_(ht =i) = 194 Mh, <— S=Z = aueaee int = Ke om 6) = ' (Camere gear sss inte wen (5-0) | (Atonable bad based upon bending ses Corr = = 26.0 MPa — Mimo = 9:b8 = Som Tm = 188 + ame = Sites 2 11 balm <— oa Cad (GW) shear force tn the web (9. 5-49) {W)Atowoble. load based upan shear stress Veeb =H (Qt + Tin) = SBN G— [VE SL Sees Lee this) (Eq 5-480) S Nese = 0.98 vSEMA WITH AML OVERHANG Pescoo1 : Cray = 18 esi eo Ey” tae = oes y 1 suit 0 wear of S sro & = 40 1b pie “pha Rea he00 wh. Mouiimum sheor fortes Vas = 10,000 Ib at x» (2 ft Maximum bending moment: Manax = 22,820 Ib-Ft at x= 4.167 ft Eeavired section moduns Be. Men = aS. = 15.2 in? i . From Tobie, 2: s he. inte ad " Linntest bean te $8x23 eg htOe 2 gone sh 021545 in T=@9m* S= ot in? Quen + Oia weap eae te 4284 SOS. 25+ Lo 296X0, WeKs. 68+ (a codesHa) he 6.00 in, 2 €.00- 20426) = 248 | 7 poe gis 12858 2100.0 hn? Maximum shear stress (6a, 5-860) | Ailowoble, shenr force, “om = Yam (Enh Eh) Vet = Lammas Eke ion a Wao in? = 42,20016 <&— = 3340 psi < 11,000 psi -. on for shor Select $6X23 beam <— Sead + 1 160)HO)? = 464.9 x10" ment ten i Gonni 2D min = eh on 42) = ose ne Vesey = Tenet 2. 9x10 er) (2010) a 1-280 X10" mm’ + 228 kn = wit Mee WOKE SI Teen two 0455in, he t6.82 in, t= 0.40 in, WHE Wetton Vee b=(0.295in. Toe = Lcpaa3 ae, A (5\(¥6.-25) 256,29 110" men Tea = pst eaaohe5)(s63>- 3) = 2R0210% met Ls Loe + Tere = 79.21 210° eat= (15\(223.2)(228) 233. tat ee ) | Maxine shear sitess Tom YO. = CO NNSiR ony me X10 mar $22.0 Mia <— 22205 - boob FHF he “Z) ~ Etre th, = UOMe. 5) slo ANAS = L483 in, 10+ 0-0 oe oat ie 2 le 1083) 10) Siti Moment of inrtia aboot the a-axis, Ta = 10 W63RP + pow 683-10)° 50.48 int Tame (io)a.e)"s ledt.oNt.c63-0.5)* =H. at T= Loe + Tyee = 6531 in toe. 20.60.31 (422) = 09% mn? Masimum shear stress Tnue = YO.» LUEDWMLOF 7) «20581 <— Te vin Ouiny = Woon 5- BEAM. y os Al dimensions hans fn inches. = Qptege = Ap de = (SOI) 14.395) 16.40% in? Ee eee + Ea bet Aitowable, load in shear for one weld is 6oar|m 1 Rane = 2(000) = 1000 tf foe Vine = fone z Is “82. Sieatht = ees nen? sites root = Qsiep = Arde = (250K25)(312.5) = 953 x10? mm? shew Ze wenxiot Lees 1253 4 At dimensions eva5ie k tein ines, V2 250k bow To Fs force per inch of length of ane wead Fasmor flow feaFeve Fave. Tab dean? Fea = Qptonge, = Ade = (16)(10(30.5) = 488 in? F=es 2) a es = 1670 tbfin. <—‘Al ciimensions in ‘milimeters. ‘Se rail spacing = 100 ren F sallowable shear forces for ones toil > T50N b=250 b210 hes00 hs 280 fesheor flow between a Flongt ond boin wees, Fottow BE KE tail fr¥a Vinox * faexe Z = a Tekh? _ bh? 224i si0%met ars Q. Grange = Ard Vero fog ts 52am) 59.4 AIO re =5.% kn S— ENS) worn oot se eo All dimensions in inches. Feollowoble. smear force for 4 Juo}e.0 ones wend screw 2101 v V= 1150 fb oo ba60 b240 heb hye oo 5 lorgitudinel spacing of He screws F =.shear flow berween a #longe ond both webs fa WBe 2 2 Spee ZEE 2s ve T= bh? bh! 184 in* te G8. = Qrlonge = Ard = (6.00.05) « 21.0 in? Sma = 261 2 2(UOW)I64 int) = 320in, E— coo co va. b=200 Att dimensions in mittimerers. -t=10 mm F =altownble lad per rail 250n I = (ASol25X.t94.5) = B54 Kt? me] ©) Beam © is more efficient becouse» the. shear How errr Ts tb aw ¥ = shear Flow berween a forge and both webs. fa 2F VO +. Smo = 2FL sr va (2) eeam@ Qe Arde = (oe)(HEE) = (200)(a0) 5) (40) = 680 10" mn? Sa 262. (ais digas sant) 38.3 nm + va Ga en (b-20(h-20)= 340.4410 ment |) can © Qe Rede = (o- 2000 8-8) 5 unl) 240) + 58407 a Se2 BEE»: xs =A. VQ. Od EAKEERIO™ wen on the contact surfoces. (8 smpalier ond Tere for nails ore needed. I y-paen (wex0es), a h a . a & les best “esos Feallowble lad, per weld = 24 «fin, Find Vino oe Bi ca Uses the lower edge of the cass section 08 a. reference axts, Q= (bt) Efe (hi) (h—Be} ends ade. Ans in? As besht = Glos) (4)0.5)=55 n* = 2. US ab = 2.0028 in. A s5ime Gaiman, ‘Moment of iner}O bod the eutrol Onis Tn Lice tt (ct) +L it?s tbe(car $)* ss a = L(asketeal? +1 00.3)(1.8222) + 1 (60.5)? 2 3 z + B)(0.sK. 44233" 23.455 in ‘Aa ditmensions in inches. Q+ be (4S Jo (ohoaM eta = 44918 in? ‘Steor tow at weids, fs eF sve . N= 2EE. « $t walanassin®) 205.4 + 4 43IB indAll dimensions in milimerers. Ve 872. N F =allomoble ood per ait F=400N b=10 ts20 h=150 hw ld S = nail spocing Find Seas Locotion of neutral oxis (3 axis) Use the ower edge of tne crass section as a eefertree xs, = Chet) (E> (be(h- £) = (20K 0}+ (1269(30N5) = 702. 510° mm? AV= hit te = (120)(30b + (120) (30) = 1200 mm* Co=@ «FOL KIO" pe = 92.5 mm 3200 mem 6) = he = S2.5mm Moment of inertia about ne, neva) axis, I stds tithes pes liaa-$)* « = CONOR SN + 1 (30)e.)"+ (220? % z + ((200(20)(53.9* = 4.715 510% mm* Ficet moment of orca of float Q=bE (Co GJ = (e200(20)13%.5) = 195 4107 mn? pacing of coils, h ‘Ati dimensions in inches. Cover plores: é 10m, x 0m, (b= toin. t=0.5in) weet * teosl KA Peete veqok Find Se Mente The U0 int — d= [b.52m, Fsaliewobie, lead per bott Find Vox 12.430, T= te+2, i ot T= eo[ pos ey d+ ty] INO int + 2 [1 (K0sY+ CoNo.5K8.51)*] £1894 int va Pree eo Gaies First moment of area of a. wyer pee Qe be drt} = (1ao.5kB.5i) =42.55 in? -Seacing oF botts. fava 226 s © Swen = LEZ = 2120900036 in) 60nin. —| aoneeey UP [role SERS roms Me 52 £.5in, Ld) F = allowable: food per bolt. of i Fr2an Ty=394 int 42 12.19in. a5 <= 0.6%4in. Ae = 8.82 int tus 0.50 in, Ha about, oxis. [for heft] £304 ind # DLS on (8.62 in 166,025 0,510 -0,4%4)*] = 1025 in feve Ze Ios Vos © 2FL as ™ d BRACE AND GIT First moment of oreo OF 0 channe| @= Ae(-d tence (8.82 in*¥5.931)= 52.91 in? 261(wis in) 125 <— Gist win) P25 %e ompression) Me Po = a5)(4%6 in) 31219 Ib-in, d= diometer, de Hivin. As ttdt 0.1503 int S= Ed? = 0.008221 in? 32+e pielbe aS 0.1503 in* = leo esi + M828 pai Distonce to center of grevity of orm = bb bet2m Diomerer (outside) of pole = d= 275.mm TWickness of poles = t = (8mm Po Pe Witwe Ax [0% (8-20 ]= x [225 mel (109 mm}"] =H, 20 eom™ L= x [at-G@-26)*] = 2 [025 eel (189 ene)? ] ‘ a = 2.18 10% mnt ond 2 U2Simm = Oe= Ly Mea 220N , (24MM 5 mnt we at Goi co =~ 01225 Mit + 0.305 MPa = 0.480 MPa 480 KPa + G2 fe. - 0828 Mf 0.305 MPa == 0.990 Mfa = ~ 930 xfo F Tete Oinlhinfeotsint 143[512-13 CONT. of be From Appendix D, case, 10: Yat = 0.5 in, Te 0.1098 ("= 0.004640 oe . = = Fy nme, 200 4 {1200 Wyo 429 in}(03 ind Far tension Se one eae 2 400 pi «1500 pk =e pl + ot ¥ Maximum compressive. stress (or bottom of ba) | For compression: Ker Pree = b _ 2b 2 0.29986 2 38 M=P (ae) = ota Fb =f, Mee. + GuzO22y xe = oma” soe aL WOE yes Bo Sil F Fog — Ltt. a 0 5 BE Rvs aa nat wat A= Dbtes (h-2t4) te 508 nee bh, pele 244) = 3%, 61x10" mom ® Gets) 24 men }(100 re) ~ 48s 4f 2 we Tete Ss ct UO ed Guayeld ‘ Gaia aia 41s era e339 Mm Reconqulor post mas tne larger ampressve |S s-uasmpecistouPoccmemm << {b) Nevirot axis, BAR WITH REDUCED Cross SECTION -Z.2_ _atelitit rent. -1.2mm —| (a " 7 ‘Ae (5248 man* ene) As (bb) Tat cl(bha tt ere ie he) se witb 30 A= 8.04in? I= H0in# t= 0.510 eek e ze Te=— £4 Redhtt) 195% psi + 1840 psi 2480 psi + aeb= 200 mm tus 8 mm he 560 mm y= 136 ram, ty = 14 mm Aabtet hytw = 3688 mm* Contmid of the crass section Use the lower edge of the cross section as the referee, axis. = toby (Me) « btr(r~ Ss) = BKL2eMe) +(200)041(49) = 444, 264 mm? 2m Bix AIG 304 ce? 5 102.01 mn 3686 rn™ G, h-ep, = 23.99 mm a 2 I=1Lbt?: ~! 1 tw +t 2 ee ny —telete L twet = Eiockws asokwinsnte + (8i809" = £2 (622.00 = 6.150 4 108 ment Eccentricity of te, wad no, ip 2 ARF = 10.99 mm {01 Location of neutrotoxis sks tH 75.tm Yona =~ peat gti (b)Moximum wood based upon tensile sites Taam = 00 MR = £4 faB (Perowons) NOON = __P _ Pian 2eemri(in2 0 rom) BRB met * 6.130110" mer two. 110-6 F -os 900 0 Ee mn 3e86 * aS8F P= 623,000 N = 623 EN Caw = OOM = £ (P= newtons) ~womms__e 2 Sbebent 68D ame =e _, _P__zosaoxw*P e08 * onse P= I70;000N = 10 EN Compression governs. Raee = 140 eal -& i CHANNEL Ie 2-ttom. Tebest Aza38int h2200 in, teadatoin, Ty=Lazind cy20.5H in, a= 1489 sn, Ecconiviciry of the. ood © 2 —4ar = O.571- 0.10 = 0.464 in, earns Soars =10,000 psi (P= pounds) Oo=_ Lf, Pere fF how. ATT See Let + E0288" 338 * Tees P= 34,000 Ib = 34K Masimwe 10d based upon compressive, stress. Gaamy = 8C00 pi (P= pounds) fbsetin\@-Stin) 132 in? 2. f= 098 P B38 50S P= 16,200 Ib = le. 10,000 M=2100 tein. h=b5tn. (2) Beam with o hole, 0.335 in,5.13-1 CONT. BEAM WITH SEMICIROLAR NOTES i i nt h=!t0mm ——h,= 00mm i cma | he Gre = Ma = 150 em : 05 | 008 he h+2@ Re L(h-h) =/0 mm i 010 | 008 2 om | ore fr 2am 010 ! oie | oss. 00 ma i Note The larger the notch rodius,tne smatier | From Fig. 6-50: k= 2.20 i ‘the: Stes. Gime = Km = & (ft) i M=250Nm he4tam b=10 mm ttre = c2.20) [ete nee) | ; Seve for BS yin 238m BEAM WITH NOTEHES AND A WOVE h=5.Sin. — hyeSin. b= 1bin. M=ID unin, Gren = 42,000 pel Minimen north radius he Soin = 11 hy Sin. Sm = A = 19500 psi K = Gees = 4200 pei 5 2.15 ‘Tm 19,500 pat From Fig. 5-50, with k= 25 and Lz 0.020 i 7 +. Rein 0.080h, = 0.45 in. <-— (i Lagesr tole diometer we gut d?4 20.084 le =0 Solves numerically: roe = 413 in, h = 0.88 in hy = 0.80 in, Crm = esi Me 60 Ib-in, hahtor Rk: ‘ th-hJ = 0.04 in, | K ..0.0Fip, = 0.05 fateh From Fig. 5-50: k#2.51 Gin Kem = Ky Cort) to wei = 2.53 [eten won) B(0.80in) Solve for b: > Ewe or Cuarren 5 - + bnin = 0.28 in, 146Ey= 4x10%psi By 216 X40psi Te % CHRD = 0.03638 int I be = 0.02088 int 2 Eyly + El, = 196,600 bm A From Ey. (6-60)! Stag" es =123¢0 psi <— From Ey. (6-6b): Score= Ei +Eele =163t psi <= (EDastou® 120 MPa Le oP 450x 10° mm* T= BgP s4xio mnt EyE, + Eyl, = 1484 010° Nem™ Maxi From £q. (6-60): Maximum moment based vpon the wood © Mangse = sate | SEG] = 16 kitm Hoximum monerl, based upon the sles] @ From Eq. (6-66): Max = Darel EE] + 98.2.4Km Steel governs Magx™ 59.2 Kian — Hollow Box Beam typ jt © Wood Flanges Pay btin bein hy sin IH @dl|h Br 200.000 psi (Datiow * 1800 p9i ea Oe © Fiyrwood_Webs terin hein, Eg 1,600,000 pi «Dati =, 2300 pi tT Bor) = 405.3 Int Aye 2 (Aycttey= 299 ‘int E,1,+ Ele = 947.2 x 10% fhe int ‘Maximor momart based ypon the wood @ From Eq. (6-60), atone| SEES] = 237 kin. Aoximum moment based upon the py Max = 6 SL ond @) 6b : ELT#Es1] «277 ke ton SER 223 kein, Plywood governs Magy * 227 K-in, q— From Eq. (6 Mmax = (6p) Tube O: d= outer dinneler d= inner diameter = moll of elasticity G7 allowable siress He Ele] ae Core@: 42 diameter, Ege modulus of elasticity 1 (da) = it EI, +Egly > E514 Eqly = Ha (96st) From Eq. (6-6a) : Pha 6 [Si (st) mde 512Len ft gx cooky, = TE Baan = UE = 10,800 [b-ft = 129,600 in Ss Wood Q: be din, ha usin. 2 15nl0'psi bh? = "506.46 int Plate @: b= din te = asin. he it in s= 30x108 psi 2 Bh fay 64.042 it ELt&1, = ExdyrE ste = 2,852,000,000b- int} From E45. (6-60 0d = Mrmax (1 Ney 395 psi ¢— fa = AE © 65 = Mmax. (hia) Es = g240piq— EL +Eslp © Pre dy= 100mm de a4 mm Ese £, = motulut of elesticify CEdallow = 38 MPa 1: Rca BPe ne nf Te § (ah ah) = 1.618 = 10% at From €6-68) 5 Manx = (asin [2H 7 F (Daten Ceveih eg = 634 Non eats, the plastic® From 6%, (6-682 rer 4 ext, Maman * Cez\aten] et EEE] jee] = C8Delton (€tsy1.4%2]- 1 a [C4anan 836m Steel governs May, 834.Nm <¢—| © Aluminom faces: b> so in. t+ 019 in. h i © T,7EgZ, 398-79 10° [bint z @ Foom core: b> Bs ae ne ask «@) Ger Stuy * 5 face 1 "Eo vest Som °S2 * Ce EE, Sie” Ro 909 Sco * 0 O Fiter gas Foes: be so mm t+amm heey ey 79 ara : V2 (Behe )-omenea © Prastic Core: 2 Simm ht a2mm ee ora th aE 9.24510 nt M + 280 N-m £m, cet 73,050 xemt 4a) General theory CEp-6260 and _b) Gace = 5 = res B= 12.03 MP Si a: ae = 0.14 MPa Heory (Eqs. 6-8 and 6-9) “t ten) =o 92244108 wet Suet fb 2 56 MPa e, Soe = 0 (b> Approximate theory (Eis. 6-8 and ca) tio g(h?-he) = 39.08 in? ° 60 in. €,=4035+10 pa ke (PA) =93.08 i a.0in, hy = 5.5 in, 12,900 si RE = Noes int = 3160 pol ee =2pi ee pet <_ — + 148Y_@ LY E Yay RRL g @ Aluminum £,*Eq * 10,600,000 psi @ Copper &, Ee = 16, $00,000 psi A 10 |b-in Neutral axis (Eq. 6-2) 2 Avda = VAy+ (h-te) lm h-4 00H) AN AA = % Axe Chy-t-4) (et) Ch- dX E,SYdA+E. YdA =O (10,500, 000) Ch, ~ '/32) he) + (16,400,080 =o solve for hy: h, + 0.06471 in, hy» aCe In)~h, ¥2.08529 In, of inert -2.xis torent ris + bth, 42)" o.coai28 in? Tas bys bt Chy-t72}'20.00008687 in? Et + Bale = 2133 th-int? Maxieum stresses. (bys. 6-6a ond DD Sn he 3430 ps) — Bh, cela itaeotoom 10] Simply suppatted compte ban mr Ge so kN/m Mo AlassIr D>100mm Ollcod Ei*En= 10 GPa. He @ttee! Ex-Es*20dha ANA #YA2Cu-M)(bh)-Lb-78)(i0D(i2e) mn? LY A = YoAerth + tanith ert sic (nel E\\Y¥aA +E2GYdA =O Ceo.6-3) Loft fha78X enc a0 Yr (210 &PadCh.-104X10090}000°%)=0| Solve for hy 2h, = 116.76 mm hy = het-h, = 426 mm 149 6.2 -10 CONT. Pome. A inertia (use Transformed section (wood) le eel Es Ty Xa 60013)°~ @ nem Flanges - b-100 hm h= 200" mm hy =is0 mn Eve oda 1 steel plates Nel-oaris ‘al T= 2B + ohCh.- ne)? = 54 26710 mm? Ta= Bebe Chs~t/e)® = Lu x to% vont Fil, +Eelz = 776,750 Nem* Maximym stresses (Eqs. 6-6a_ard b) Ours =Mne 2 tm a Eid, tEaTs Compression) = 37.6 Ma a Crension ) Oe Edeety Hood beam with steel plates © Wood beam bss in, hy #12 in. (oi) alow = 4080 psi D Steel pats p- in ha «i3in = 030. (1) dlow = 16,000 psi -w nek te nb =c20)¢8in) + 160 In A dimensions in finches ¥i2 160-8)0127" = 7405 int Fos ment |-b-12)| Fi = MGhuce) MR oCGDatow ay «1300 Koh imum _rronent Neos = 61.44 KNem pLeazm g 248 KMfm (see next wage)Composite beam Simple beam L-sm q=32kN/m Mmax -ae = 100 KN-m @ Wood beam: beisomm hy = 250 mm ews Nera. @ Steel plates: beivomm t =50 mm has 250 mm Es +208.@ea rmed_ section (wood: n "BE = 298 21a Nb + (iq) 150 mm) = 2650 mm ” 50 All dimensions in mula millimeters. ne Ea o2 3 + M dimensions to et Tr = Sia C100 4.2 )C300)% Yiz Clog) C130)? = 196.9 + 108 mms 44.5 +108 mm* Required thickness based upon the recs Oct). 6-10) Sie MCh) CX Mac Chie) «ta iss1c Ir (ation Equate. Ir ond (Tr )s ond sole for t: ti=12.42 quired thickness based upon the steel® (69.017) M Sx > Minin (Ir),* Cee) 0m ‘otead zr "eee Equote Tr andCar)gand sohe br tty Deel goons. twin = 15.0 mm ame Reinforced I- beam @ Steel beom:S$+154 1, =57.6 int d= com (ideltow = 16,000 Pi © Nood beans: b= 4 tm. ts 2 in, (allow « (300 psi Transtormed section ¢stecl) Fama T° Trg 20203 «2907-4 (2080-1s0n.a50F = 6.667» 10"mm* Haximom stress in the wood £4.61 + 897} Plastic beam with aluminum: OPlastte segments: b=a.0in. d-t2in. eae deaein 7 Ep #440 x10" psi Se Mine =e @ Aluminum drips: b=3.0in. t +0. nb = Cito) (4) #022 in, eed Eas tix 10% pst 5 nw a ha atesd =6.4In. M= 6.0 k-in. tL All dimensions tm inches : oe iu 1 + ae ia] Mega «25 Tr* 57.6 = Us Con)¢i2*- Viz (0208+ 77.87 1M, ES Ee te a - wees cia 36/4 nb=casrcs.0m ? -lalaud, « 90,480 Ibi * P cen Es] aiidimenstons | com at o-17) or In inches Shs MCA stn My = Conallowrs . 81,420 Wb-in] plastic 2x, -2L Ye (3.0VC La) + (3.070102. 50) Er GA rtm + ¥a (30)(3.03 = 57.526 rt By cotneldence, My = Mz Cexactlyy Aigminom te = 20 Ya caret sere Meni = = + Mx (78)€047+ (1500-99 ax 311,4% Ib-in. wmcnor! | Simple beam. Trad +32 © 252.73 int axtmum stress in the plastic (eq. 6-19) Lew Mea at or=or =H 2 96 pol z allow ee Maximum stress tntine dhuminum@C;,6-17) Sa =o = RGn = 2400 psi fe — isoo @ he q z wa ry @ Plastic segments: bers mm dv domm @Alumtaumstrips + Ds 77mm ts smm h satesd ~ 212mm Mate Kem Transformed section ¢ plastic) 7 = Phastic + 2, = 2£ue (19)¢40)"* (75)(40098)"T Aluminum: Za» 20 4 (16769(8)'+ (1875903) C 100-85 EeeEeTe ~ 218.35 + 10% mm* Maximum stress inthe plastic O (eq. 6-16" oo er a Haxtmum pe Tae alumina mOCEy..6- 17) Ga eee = MBN = 18.20 MP Gol Wood beam? b=ain. “ho =3- Spe ee beatin. t =0.8in, h, ‘Transformed ection (mod) Use the base of the cross section as a. referen Inne. ng docas? + ae s.nthy 275i eg ooxOs? shi inum strips ade 20mm Eps 30M. Ba= 75 amo re n -Ere asf (20[2% ibs ¢299 rs mm) “s -1829 mm A dimenstons S fn millimeters +h (970120) = 92.934 +10¢mmt aH MOD LONTEIC CE! £165,820 10" mm" v1 ¥ Com er 7,220 lb/ee Minar = gp 2 43,260 Ibn. 6.0 tn. f4=20 v fess mb * Godeainy SF a sofa Fo" AN dimensions tr frees = ABS fn, hohe = 86052 In, F cecncas? Cha = 0.28)" 194-03 int Marxirmum stress tn the wood @ ¢Bq- 6-10) Su Fi = Mimga hs» 100 Ply Masirnum stness inthe steel @ CEq-6-17 63 te beam A ee comm hessomn foram Se" hen Binns bom ese pa Y : PT "Be “er Fi “ap lo | | 90 nbs c2.6679¢80 mm ' = Bom aes) AN dimensions tn -willtmeters Use the base of the cross sectioas & reference Itne. ha =EYeAC 2 90n90)0R) +0009 (9090) “Zac * ™ esorc90) + C3040) = 4a.a78 mam hi © 120-he= 70. 526mm laximum stzess tn the aluminum( Ciq..<-19) Ca2 os) = Mn x7 Maximum stress in the steel @ C8. 6-17) os os = Maan Be vm eegarngten = 19707 707 (40 MPa) = 74.8 MAE © Hood beam: b= 6 In, hu Baz nzsio'psi [Guraliag « 1,600 p> @ >teel plate: be6in. t = asin, Es= 30210% psi (en alas = 18,200 psi Yoke fa te nib= c28>¢e in) ae | ete -” All dimensions In Inches. Use the base of Oe a cross section as a reference line CONT.6.3-4 CONT. ha =3m uA He w= (0:28) 150)(0.9) +49.5)(6) (4) 0) (0.89 + (67 (6) = L200 in. hy = 8.5 “b= 6.5415 in Te“g (08 + conearch,-a¥? 08006097 + 090) (06)th-0257" 2786.21 in? the mood 9 (24. 6-8) un Sinn M2 (Seale = 191 Kn Maximsm moment based upon the steel Ey. ¢-)| # 5 +6, Mian Masgalogrs » 247%-in Wood governs Mallu = 14! k-in, <— Pimetalic erin be tomm hy23 mm ee 1t6OR be tomm Nigs 9mm Fy=105 GPA Metal @ + Metal © : ne Senge «rater nbs (1.9447) (10mm) tr mm fn millimeters. Use the base of the cross section as a reference line. hy = B¥K lal Fassia) ean? hy = Goby 9,2. 5465 mm Br ng (Wo c0) (2708, 197" ej Ctbaen ds) C18. 667639¢h/-1.9) = 240.51 met Maximum stress in material @ Cag. ois) SoBe Be ate caemnt Matimun stress in material @ (Eq. 6-17) OAT eM Soh ozs = emt 3 i Sa 50.6 mm? a reference ine. hg =2YiA oo Sommpeysenco.sy cs ays) FA + TENCBY + CHC = 3.408 tr hy = 9.8 chy= 9,507 fn, tomer inertia Zr = xp (120000978 +6 1201C05) (lng 0.299" Fog ConCBT + € 6607 y~1.0-4)* +f C4001 (40X01 Cy 057 . ats int fmum_ roment tine wood © ce. 6is) Svs = 62 MoI) Me Sheer =4%k-in Maximum Raximze ovest_byerl open the steel Cpt) 2G - Moan My» = (Gun oe Steel proms” Mg, #943 K-In. ee id Lead Pacts along ng tiagoal an hm wz . g : " mn Ty» bbe Ste Fleene 156, Ty = bb? bt |ConT.[6.4-1conTy 6.43] Simple beam with ind Toad P + angle between the 3 axis cand the neutral @ = angle betneen the yoxis and the load Pe Srnd oe, vo we tan @ = tanca+isot) «tana Y (eq. 6-23): tanp =z tome “e tane sso tin “(s) Qe) “8 a The neutral axis lies along the other Honests of inertia, diagonal. GED <— Ty oP = wetn® y= bh? = 276 iat Simole beam with inclined | tanp + Ee tan e sy tana Reis Hom z(n)ttans 205026 p= s0.1'e—| ° cee Maximum tensile tress Cat point A) (iy. # Fa = 30° Sox = Sy(B) - Me (-#) 2771 pie Banding. moments Sh crn oe My Salt = aCe Simple bea ne Hg ogee be 186g Nem wnide = lange beam Senate tat st teers at were | ty ae 21,098 5 10? met é f = ‘5.10 in. if 6°29) fe RY tonpe fe tone =ze tana My = tistealk 2 57,080 Ib-in. -( tana aa tana’ » 2.5094 Me = HL «114,030 tb-in, p + ee6'g— Medel avis mn (Eq. 4228) Haainon tele deme ca int) ceg.t-u)} tare = gg fone = sins ane = ae Su * my (8) er 78.00" EE Sw peshad S178 vee a oan point A :2,=B = 2.405 mn. Yede-saieh, Oh = Se 215,450 pst int 8 5 = bla = 2.406 fn. Pern die cata in, Gavan ENO prim Cros = 11.9 MPA <<} TsLeft =a in. p-a0k a= 20" Wide lange beam: W Bet! 309.77 it Tp 75.3 in? d= a.t8 in b = 5.270In. Bending moments bids, + 21/140 Ibn Me “Bice = 5,700 Ib-in. Mentral axis m (eq. 6-13). ten p = 3a tine aga tons 2.8002 p 70.38" 410.1 Nem Mz = - (Psina)L = — 661.3 N-m Neutral axis mm CEq.6-19) tap sgetare = dao 7 tan = 21.098. ton (4e'*G0") = -5.500 f 5319-1 com Zp 2B e319 mm YaeR © 75 mm ab? » 6.279 1210'en! ph? - noms wheat Tre *6q =tyda Maye = 9.67 Ke <— Bending momerts My « (reosa)L = 20,368 {b-in. Mp = -(Psina)L=-20,368 |b-fn. Neutral axis mn (Eq. 6-23) tanp= za tone @ =a +40" ie 5a Fen tangs 170.61 tanc4s"+a0") = -4.000 p+ - 73.46 q— Maximum tensile stress agin A) Bq. 6-10) Beg = 2in, yap > An, mos = 6, = Mea - Nata 1420 pole} a er s Beam in pure bending YL y= 2,900 Iban a = 90 ita sat ose = 4145 f Neutral_asig nn (Bq. o-23) O = -te -50° (See Fig 6-16) tang syle ae tan (30°) = -aas9 @= -03.60" ee tensile_stress (point A) (eq. 6-18) 2,0- $= -2.000 i. i i yet -4.000 in, Sect ye — ala. = 0210 pg — Ne se2.0 k * 2000 |b Clete cieie = 58° Ws 10x95 Ty = 33.4 in’ Tee 246 tnt d » wo,10in. = 8.08 in, Bending_moments ty = (Pcosa)L « 92,245 |b-in, Ma = (Psina) L =17,¢60 \b-in. (eq. 6-25) =a — a = 88° (see figure 6-17) ton tana 1 ggg tan ee 9.2519 pe 72.40 q— il point A) (Bq. 6-18) im = aoth. yog ee hare Bras Mis prisk = 1s00lb Le eft 272 tn ds 60% W 6935 Tye 42nd Tg= 197 int d's 9.12 in, b= Goto in. Ib-in. bin. Bending moments Ny = (Pcosa) L = 94,000 Hz = (Pind) = 93,330 Neutral axis is. na CB 6-22) @ 200 -d =80 Figore 6-16) tmp fe tone =u Lanter = rete ee 34.08" imum tonsil £18) 2 +B sAorin > -gd = -d.06in. GuatG = ME MeV Ty = + 9070 pi gq — ena poi <¢—| 6c #65 od] 64-11] Gontlever beam sith tndined tal] Fs soph Ltt = toein. wrist Lys 2.36 int Iz= 88-6in* d= i.arin. Phew be 3.470In, Bending moments My «-(esina)L = - 54,000 sind My a CP coral » - 54,000 aoa a) stress at point point A Cea point A Cea az -R = -1-808 in, ai 3.433 in one Kyl - Bee ‘nae 1 <—— ow RENE “Weskral atl ‘mn te cee) 9 + 180°s A (See Figore 6-15) tenp + a tino Je ton Cotes) tan caotay « 37.54 tanct ® = arctan (37.54 tana) Sey +4 Chamal edlion Metok tane e+ ieaon" c enw <= 0.571 in, Te 1.90 int 2326 int Neutral aris ma (4. 6-40) tang ga tane = gue (1) = ers «ask 263.07? tie in shirt |= 5.56 int 2 = ng tan te ani | tote tsk ea) tang « gee > 987 op tans" = 9.8005 Haximum compressive i ceca Zp 2H oe 0 IN. Yo =. 1.8761 E20 = (sinettn _ (ease 3430 psi asueto pate sar = 04244ir 2 cate > (afta) ct bz,>3, = 202 in? sonido? =e Tan™ 1-17 in, oq = masimum tensile stres 23" = Arkin = 0.55 int = Maximum compressive * sth “Ty = 4485 in| stress OG =~ = BM * = 2.740 Hebe (eq.o-sq) | For eeals aoc, (bte +h) % 2 (10.375 in}(s12.63 23244 psig — CONT.See figue 5-38. h and t ead a * 89 in. byte hy eh -te 275 in. Moment. of inertia (#q. 5-47): 1 24 (bh}- bhp +t,h?) a (842.51.int) = 74.376 Int Maximum shear’stress in the web (E454 nas he (bhi - bh +t,h?) (40.336 Ib/in? )(¢0.422 int) 29244 psi <— Note: Within the accuracy of the caleulatia the matimum shear stresses are the ‘same. (ele @ inertia (Eq. 6-57): he it bth? 7-1 108 mm? 4 63.638 910 mm* = 73.055 10% mm? Mexia sae stress in the neb(Py.6-59)s toma (BY +8) (318.28 mm)(0.050772 N/mm?) 215.06 MPa. <¢— (by) See Figure 5-38 fplacd h by, and t by te ac fs nee hy sh-te = 736 mm Moment. @ inertia (Eq. 5-47): X= (bhe -bh + th?) 2 fy (861.20 1o%mm*) = 72.261 » 10° wont CONT. 1s4 “ines =a¥_(ohs bh + ty) 6.8-4CONT. | Maximon hear stress in the web onl = (6.4664 +10 N/mm? Nearsenoee | 2 16.06 MPa q— C8 118.75 d =8.00 in. it He tz 0.390 In, be byte 2 2.204 in, he d-te = 7.610 in. Eq. (o-05): @ = abite t,+obtp 0.674 inges eel ru hth “he ie FR abeabte Bhat oe bh n= bthty Shear force Was trea the shear centers} TEM, ==Fy@ + Fi; ¥Fah, = 0 Flange: = ose - ge (hieht) ge: see Fr = Yet hy aL bt B)*s be (AY?) Tale 4 SFE sy Shear force yads SBE Chi » hd) nvegh the shear corter 3. = hh 23M =Fiv-hm so “or Gl big = (bh, a Sit circular tube hush: =h Gy *Syda 7 Sol O)and, C2): pike _— = fo crsingrrtdg ie nr ° art 10080) Tae VCr-cose) At point A: aA = rtdo Te = momert of shear stresses abat coker Tes Sty rd ef «f ue ¢1- cose) de = 2Vr sacar Rareugh the shear crterS! Shoar force Vacts through the shear contol he-Fh es ate (6 -) Moment. of the shear Force Vabost any point te shy Lacbsbackaggt must be equal to thermonent of Stresses ‘about That same point. ee LEM + Ve. Te ate ta + bboy) e= at qe vSIL 30 vere ie = length of each side g a thickness Tava at From A toB : a. tg Es AtA:Q=0 20 Ate Goth Toney F,-Tebh- bey 3 «6HIe From cera a eran fy £5-a0-9) 28 77 *¥o = EL Roh] ALB: Te ey At D: tor by Fy epbt a5 -T,) bt = athe Shear force V acts through the shear center EM, 2 0 2 (4) (bi +e)+2 (Ble) =o Substitute for F, and Fy and odlve for es From BtoC: Ts = 2 Ge = Hb(h) + bt (h) =p thas) Tee hohe ab v Fi, afte, sept = ht Ghe2bo¥ Fear s¥ R-2h=V Bovis) Shear force V acts through the shear centerS. 2EMs 20 -Fyet Fh +28 (bre) edt By Fe and F, and solve fre: ex Te = 2h "th? bE (a)? J = tht (hese) = Pensa leap fates natin aa Fon renee 0 oF = r= radius t+ thickness From AtoB; Tas0 Co = ¥9 a¥ctte), Ye yo Bete vb aye ber 6S Tye nonene i BOE em + ta rmcnwess CONT. Fromptoe: g,=/y4a =f ectottte r*t sin 6 a Qe +0) = btrertsine A 2 feedh = Beta, \e Set (bersine)de Homer of the shear <2 gigtae hin om vaet ne Tore de sew see | + Sbok tet same pair, ° .EMe «Ve = Ty Per (tr) ae) Tether =k (fbrsarst syeagh ate) att eB 2 Faggots Tertig-a +3) oH = 2(p-argy Tr° ap[bh- b=, ch-2t))7] = 148.4 in? Plastic moment Mp = oy2 = 5360 k-fn. gqWer hee.2g in. ba 5.270 in. tes 0.400 in. b= 0250 In. Sy= 36 ksi 3 = 182 In? b=5.0 in, hy, = 7.3 in, b= 4.0 In, Yi eOyS @ NGe Kin, ge ne @ =f(bh7- bh?) « 49.0 in? = alot a jchatty = 2041 in? Plastic snoment, Mpe6yZ 2 724 K-in. Crh sB0in 9a B= 194.8 in? ection modulus = wah (BHF bh?) = 55-6321 mnt Cab = 100 mm aZe +10? mm? 5 +g = 556.9910" mm My = 075 =asto kein. q— Yield moment: My = 67S 122 KNe Zo [ore (b-2ty hy] renee a = (10.9 in? 2 eb Cbh?~ bh) = 668.0 x10? mm? Plas ti Mp « oye aT Nem ge Mp ary ana = Tea) e On = Op + AS = 52.20 and 1 = ~7290 pst Come ETE «Sp 9000 pei 0, = 522° | PLANE STRESS ae" 16MPa oy = ~96 MPa (Pierce ian ty tan 20, = 7 a 08750 20, = ~41.19" and @, = ~20.50° 20, = 198.81° and 6, ty = ~49 MPa ra, = 114.81 MPA ‘Therefore, o = 34.4 MPa and 8,, = ~20.59" 2 = —114.4 MPa and 8, = 6941" 744 MPa Oy =%, ~ AS" = 05.58" andr = 744 MPa) 94,7 Mp, + AS? = 2441" and ¢ = ~74.4 MPa tt coreFor 28, = S3.13%0,, = 0 For 209 = 233.134 2, = ~15,000 pal Tharetore, 0) = 0 and 0p, = 26.57" | « = ~15,000 psi and @,, = 116.57" ” 15,000 psi \ \¢p, = 2857" ) Maximum shoar stresses +, = 7500 pai tao tye —ieaante = Tp) On Op + AB? = TST ands = ~7500 pat mney, = ; 2 = 00087 aay 220 an ,= 1008 da, anaey =e For 28, = 93.69%: 0,, = ~115.1 MPa For 26, = 213.69: 0,, = 65.1 MPa gare) 7 92" ~115.1 MPa and 0, = 18.95", 2 ete, 7 600 20 + 5, = $08 20 + tain 29 45° = 6185 andr = 90.1 MPa] 04, = Op, + 45 = 151.85" and r = ~90.1 MPa vue ES a 50H 78475-17 747 8500 psi ty 2100 psi, =? Fad the allowable range of values for 2 Mf the maxierum allowable shear stress is 79 = 2900 psi. [ALLOWABLE RANGE OF VALUES. ‘Subatute numerical vats: y= 6500 pal = 2/2900 pat (2100 pal = £500 pel = 4000 pat “Therefore, 2500 pal = 0, = 10.500 pe = (Gren of ra. From 62. (1 tna = (P= "EF + (eroa? ea.<9) 7.318 ALLOWABLE RANGE OF VALUES oy=45MPa ty =SOMPa wy =? Find the allowable range of values fore, i! the maxieru allowable shear stress iro = 34 MPa. men fg B09 te (Ss me Save tro, ae siento nara veto: y= 4S MPa = 2V(4 MPO ~ GO MAE = 45 MPa = 32 MPa “Thera, 19MPa oy 77MPa Graph try From (1) tree (Sh + CO? Ea.) 72PLANE STRESS og 7620 psi y= 2010 psi oy =? (One principal stress = 8400 psi (tonsion) (2) Stress 0, Because or 18 less than the given principal stress, we know that the given stress is the lerger prinpal stress. oy = 8400 psi 29, = 148.981" and 0, = 74.908" t= EEE + £2 Fe c06 28 + ty 8 20 For 20, = ~ 30.000": = 8400 pa For 20, = 149.991* 0, = —3287 pal Therelore, 2, = 8400 pel anda, = -15.00" J | 2 = ~8237 pei and 8, = 75.00" 7.3-20 PLANE STRESS. oy" -685MPa ty =302MPa a, =? ‘One principal stress = 26.4 MPa (tension) (2) Suess ¢, Because o, is loss than the given principal strvss, we know ‘hat the given stress is the larger principal sess, oy = 26.1 MPa out ey, z ao For 20, = ~45.02":0,, = ~64.74 MPa For 28, = 134.98": 0,, = 28.10 MPa ‘Therefore, 01 = 26.10 MPa and 0, = 67.49" 84.74 MPa and 8,, = -22.51° 783LUNIAXIAL STRESS: = 1450098 oy 0 ty a0 (2) Element at ¢= 24" (All stresses in pe) 20 = 48" on 28 = 7250 pai Point C:,, = 7250 pst S D@= 24" Point 0:25, = A+ Fees 28 = 12,100 psi Tuan = Resin 20 = ~8390 psi Point D':0,, = Al Reve 20 = 2400 psi Tay = 9990 D8 Point D:0,, = R+ Ros 1281 = AY + cos 60") = 41.2 MPa Tay = R8in 28 = Asin 60" = 23.8 MPa Point 0:05, = F~ Fleas 2 = 13.8 MPa ‘Tay = Pisin i201 = ~29.8 MPaTay, * FSin 20 ~ 2240 psi Point Dia, = A+ Rove 29 = —1120 pei isin 20 = ~2240 pat Maximum shear suesses Point $20, = 90° 0, Tat = A= 2800 pal Point 5: 20,,= -9F = Tain = ~~ ~2800 pb Sane -A= ~2800 pei s = BIAXIAL STRESS e,= -60MPa 9, =20MPa ty 0 Element at 9 = 225° (Al srosses in MPa) 24s 02225 2R=60+20=80MPa R= 40MPa Point C:0,, = -20 MPa =~ a0 Point 2:0, = -20~ Roos 20 = ~48.28 MPa ‘tay 2 Aisin 20 = 28.28 MPa Point 0:0; = Roce 20 — 20 = 828 MPa tay = ~Rin 20 = -28.28 MPa(@) Element at 9 = 6" (At stresses in pai) Bem 12" 6 = 60 R= 3760 pei BO =r) Point D:0,, = 2250 — Ficos 60" = 375 pel Ty = ~Fisi 00° = ~9248 pa Point 0:05, = 2250 + Roos Go" = 4125 pei BIAXIAL STRESS. o¢= ~24 MPa = 63 MPa Element at a siope of 1 on 25 (At eres nwa) @= aan = 201 ty 20 ze-ssmor om 21808 ot} 2R=67MPa = 435MPa FF em oo, = 19.5 we o_, = ~Aicos 20 + 19.5 = —12 MPa Fayy = Aisi9 20 = 30 MPa Polat D0, Tay Asin 20 = 30 MPaPURE SHEAR ay = 9000 ps Elemont at 9 = 70° {All stresses in pet) war 6-70 Origin O's at contor of cro, 12 (0 = 90) = 3000 psi 74-8 PURE SHEAR ox=0 ey=0 tg = 716 MPa (a) Element at = 20" (All stresses in MPa) =a =r R= 16MPa Origin O's at center of cic. yy A@=o) hemor Point 0-0, = F008 50° = 1928 ps! Tay = ~Fisin 50° = ~2298 poi Point 0:64, = —Ficos 50° = ~1928 psi Fisin 50" = 2298 pei Point Do, = Aisin 28 = ~10.28 MPa Fay = ~A.008 28 = ~1226 MPa, Point 0:05, = Asin 20 = 10.28 MPa ‘tay > F008 28 = 12.26 MPa 103MPa teMPa Point Px: 28, = 9 Op, = AS" 02> -A= -16MPa ayeR%,, lae=o re Point D: oy, = R008 16.260" = 3840 psi Tay = R310 16.260" = 1120 pst Point D: a, = ~Ficos 16.280" = -3840 psi Tay ~Fisin 16.260" = —1120 pa Point Py: 295, = 90" Oy, = 45 2 = R= 4000p Point Pa: 2p, ee 8 = Fan Be VF OF 94940 Pa 04 = 16 + Roos f = 2801 MPa tap = Asin B= 631 MPa 40": 0, = 16 — Roos = 8.99 MPa tay = Aisin B = 8.31 MPa74-14 PLANE STRESS (ANGLE ¢) 0 = 14,100 pa ons 7 4500 poi ‘yy # 8100 psi (A stresses in pst 74-12, oy -44 MPa fay = -96 MPa PLANE STRESS (ANGLE 6) (Af stresses in MPa) 14,100 Feo " A= Viaeo0F + Gr00F = 5714 psi 2m = 9900 + Fico 8 = 19,850 pai Tan = —F8n f = ~3450 pal Point (0 = ~35% x, = 9900 ~ Roos p = 4750 psi fay, Aisin B = 3450 pst oy, = 119 + Rloos B = -505 MPa ‘tay, = “Rin B= 582MPO m= “119 — Roos B = ~1785 MPa tay = ~R in B= $0.2 MPaPLANE STRESS (ANGLE 6) ay2 1620p ay = —480 psi ‘ay = 200 pa (All svese0e in psi) A= Vig20F + AUF = 5908 pst 280 a= arcian 220 = 28.90" Boa+ 36° = 6430" Point D(@ = 187% = 1000 ~ Roos B= ~1256 psi Tay, = Ai8in B = 582 pai Point D7(@ = 108") 4, =~ 1000 + R008 f = ~744 psi Aisin = ~532 psi A= VOGF + @5F = 37.590 MPa 3 a= arctan 3 = 61.3007 B= 0 a= 28610 Point D(@ = 45%): 04 = 19+ Roos B = 48.0 MPa tay = ~A8in B = ~180MPA Point D(@ = 1357: 4, = 19 ~ Frees B = ~200MPa tay = Pin B = 18.0 MPa 710074-15 5750 pst t4y * ~2100 pa (A stresses in psi) PLANE STRESS (ANGLE 6) oy = 750 psi on 75° y= ~2500-+ Fons p = Tay Risin B = 444 pai 8): 4, = ~2500 — Peon 6 = ~4265 pal isin p = ~9444 pal 735 pa 7.416 PRINCIPAL STRESSES. 0,7 -S1SMPa 9/=315MPa ty = 30MPa (AN etreases in MPa) 315. sy 3(@ = 90%) 30 P| Ps ee, @=9] ash R= V@IBF + GOOF = 435 MPa 20 a= aran 2, = as. (a) Principal sresaen 2p, = 180 a= 198A 6, = 6020" 2pm a= 4360 ty 21.07 Point Pio; = A= 435 MPa Polo Py!22 = — A= ~43.5 MPa, (©) Maximum shear strossos 205, = 80 a= 46.40" 8, = 20.20" 20y, = 205, + 180 = 22840" 04, = 113.20" Poidk Sy: Came 0 Fnge A= 43.5 MPR Point $3: cyme = 0 Tyan 43.5 MPO 174-47, 24> 8400 pst (At erreason in psi) PRINCIPAL STRESSES Fim V(a200}? + (1440)? = 4440 pai = aan 12 = ie (Fp sessen aqna= tear Oy-24r Bin aor sa 1008 9, 2 Peet 7 = 00 + = B40 pe Poets ey = A800” A= 240g {2) Maximum shoar stresses 20, = (90 0) =—71.068" 9, = -35.54" 20, = OF +a = 10897 6, = SAME" rome = 4200 p81 PRINCIPAL STRESSES oy -22.4 MPa {Al stresses in MPa) ry = ~8.8 MPa A= Vin aP = (667 = 120MPa a= arctan £5 » 9951" 2 @ sposses 28, = ~2 = 051° 1526 lp = 18 a = 14948" 6p, = TATE Pont Poy = A 11.2 = 1.8MPa Pobnt Py:og = —11.2 ~ A= ~24.2 MPa (0) Maximum shear stresses 20,,=-a- 9 = -12051" 0, = 6026" 20,= 00-2 = 504% 9, = 2078" Point Si: came = —11.2 MP2 ge = A= 13.0MPO Point Se: ome = “11.2 MPA Fagg = ~1R.0MPO 19274-20 PRINCIPAL STRESSES ox 3100 KPa {All stresses in kPa) @=0, A = Vieas0F + (G000F = 3750, 3000 a = arctan 202 = 53.19" (2) Principal sressee 20,,= 180" a= 12687 6, 63.45 yeas -S81F Op 2557" Point Py: 04 = 4100 + R= 7850 psi Point Py 2 ~ 4100 — A= 380 psi Tap, = Vi@B00}* + (45007 = 5300 kPa a= arctan $20 @ so.49¢ "2800 (0) Principal stresses 28, =a + 180" = 238.11" 0, = 119.05" 28g, = a= 5811 B= 2005" Point P,:0 = 8900 + A= 11,200 kPa Point Pz: 22 = 5900 ~ A= 600 KPa, (0) Maximum shear strossos 20,,= 90 +a = M811" 04, = 74.05" 20, = 270" +a = 328.11" Gy, = 164.05" Point Sy Cee 7937.a-21 PRINCIPAL STRESSES. = ~12,300 pst a= ~19,500 pst tay = ~7700 pat (Al stresses in ps!) = VF + TF » 0500p a= avan 22 » 00 (Prins wrens Mya a= 49 6g =-a2er Mpa t00 w= 11508 9, = S78 Point Py: 0, = —15,900 + R= -7400 psi Fo Per = 18900 — = -2400 pe 74-22 PRINCIPAL STRESSES ay--21MPa y= 7.9MPa ty -132MPa {A ecveces in MPa) aap 6-074 SSE na] ek c Pi 7 Ths 5 hs2 A= VES + (SaF = 143 MPa a= arctan 182 « 67.98" (@) Principal stresses 20,, = 180° +a = 247,38 6p, = 123.6" 28, == 67.38 Op, = S259" Point Piso; = 24+ A= 16.7 MPa Point Py: op = -F+ 24 = -11.9MPa, (2) Maximum shear stresses 20, = + OOF = 157.38" %,~ 7889" Dy = Or +a=-226F 8 — -1131" Point Scag = 24 MPa Point Sr nme = 2.4 MPA, free = A= 14.3 MPa Tom = ~14.3 MPa y 24M 19874-23 = 700 psi (ut srosses in psi) PRINCIPAL STRESSES = -2500 psi y= 3000 pel (a= 908) Py reo _|o 1B ~ V2B,040,000 > «2,T= Foe a Bae 75-2] Reon Ree Ban See Tsun a7 conwe er SEK O™ a a Fy. (1-day a tiay (ear) = 825M Eq. (1-408): gy Fy (tate): ee soe.) + MOM Gegtetoed= Ae 2 Go = Bien 10 Ate edt = -1eu0 «0 mm (Decrease wy thexnass) IS-3 (a), Bq. CTS) Oe = ETH) eq. 1-368): = er) eq. (7-360): = Teen Sueethete Gy and Gy into the fieat equation ard sien eae = (b) Ruarmmos fq, (1-47): Paw Suess Guarana lentes) a e+ seed (we) Suivetihihe Gnd © into hie equation and simehhy 2 ery) 4] Bee Sess Borrego str €, 2 S50 = WO Sy 100 x00 Be See eR een SS See Extonen orem LL Crane STE Ce toee mons ee | SITS EGG oh ATER Taro : Bamana Stn Se Be OA0: BeBe lew denyerercoed a | O) SEES Geter a. -2o0m Eq. (Se fan BH) - TEAS RQ) Gaye SSR = 48:80 Mr Gey Cl. Bae woe sires renee we Kane Gl Bg ChB) cen 8 eG) MO wet Abs ext = -2010 totam P (Decrease in sroarass) C) cance oa ae Prom £9.Cirary AV © Ye ( S520) Lo) Wy + 20m) (860 me) Se) © 400 1108 at (GBR) = 2O8 AV #184 et Grereame im Metin) o-7 Bama Steen GeO pe Dirarnwre of Pate: 0412+ tom, Brome Motahen (Ey T88)* gE « HEADS GC) Been moma oa Preps Semen So Agape se tts Bq Ot) Cane BES w BB a. G88) as ae oa (8) Coase os rene fe Crehey eae B (Gem) “SON abe et=-STC ote eo (ncranme om trons) Ke) Cameras ne Vous from Eq.Ctoa7)e Aa (1520) (erm) Y= Go alte taliie in) = 1roem? (erg) = 82 x0 BVeocomzit os 03S ERAS GPa [Sea Seg Te Bees SOC Spr TOD TOP Ensen Ege (Sa ae)! ee 30m Pm) TS-8 | Bem Sewn Gomes bom PeROW ES WOGm Ooze Minit 'S CaO mms = 4 Ota Nees tote (Cecremen ov Volume) STEAM eeray ey (0-50)+ A> dp latest 2088) & = oom Fe er FG-98) Sthebhuhe umarteat vous! 1 (oot we) Wace pai - O-9.002 pe) £ Ceoonait}e—joocye -D Ubjeon na) Solve simaiteneesany” oe Eton eee 137 Ue ps 2383 aerrs Ew Ron t es Deon Fe 2D kipe “7 aR ae es ¥ FR ] Baa Sram = Goenere Gee e . Pere 23.28 Nine Seca oar €q (VAT): ee 1220 (Hoey) = -cocome Gee cups cges Ee (Oxcramae in Volume) fs) ped (teat 20e,05) = Soa Uap = 0 ib 75-10 Fore Be S00 rom = dorm. E-45 Gm Os Ons, ASOMN = Be aac Reso gs Be SO Veto Te = ssoma, ee pt vo, Se C1a7)r em 12D (W405) = ccm? Xe Bon aon ictmet a= ahs zoco me t— Greve fo Vela) a. mo a (08 oot 208m)» Te B= Seas Fe Ue ewes a Tt GeO ecoks D+O.2K Raion ede iocore eo Vek Ne he econ Renate Be (G+) = ceoosen owt + out seh - aout — Crore ty Vonume) fren enemas, 1 Eq. CI SDY Ws aL (atest 2%) + Gy = Rn 58S vat “ ZO+d) a Schlitt nemetcal vent Be 6.558 pa Us p= Geo nb e— 4 = scare of alert 4 < oe ay oe Z 26) range i ene 522 | Poe Se Smee Soar can Seer a ee Se eins wa Sects Fi a a tas Stns SS ae teen Gd = QOUE Ge (0) ce te warn oF manent peer, Sette ey bt @ 1) et BET ap ingen) secon Ae eo AONE I=. tne eeu gE @ Serene Senet Ser Se) And (ate e298) = ‘S.cotso1 MPa Vem we 25.08 = Kets « Buwy T+ P go te” Ee ¥ re ay ie The ahem rant preducae ren change i whine: Barty e dlnen) Pht (Ley fal) = ela) = 22D) (LNG) ceayae (©) tnscesiats stunt of user Wait oF nam as Lal = BGeze J unre deena Te cuakinte thie ihagen! over the, wom heif of tre ta, we nhegrates from He to Pe, we eimgrate ip FronFo We, wt reay 2Q=29} ft i: ewes ee Oh EP o-2f = Fag) EYE) BEEU=202 (rerum io woo) [z-6-2 conn | fa = ae, = Cosson man, b= bey = -c.c10e8 mn aes cape 0.0081 mm \ oe ‘Seeeae_ et tome, Be Creel ae IRS (Hr God) sto net Ve a (ake) #7 Hint Ganereate) © (@) Sree Sever Eq Bra) Heb (ea ey + 6) 9 SSO Uae (obe)=5t.1 J — Some Oy both belme OF We Gem, A fe numeriendy the aan ns ANG ONL HAM, (deerme in wham) (© Nee oueise a: vowme AVE AY *AyH0 Ton! | Tun Sremee Gis tyrone Re Soret gia-SO mil asa beam eee Ee teow o-0.8e (2) eiasenes Sees Sermon, Ge hood pel Gie=IS0oRL “oa -SoCm pt Ta" SE = Boer me 5) Crasae bs Devens By Crab) Gye dee Bee) at nso Ee 8m) eye BLOG) BMY See DI) x W-8)e,+ Tesigrasy Pee eee) Parveen Tn a eater are, ego CEM be) ghee Sooner aoa a () roars Sas Sessa Fe onerst eee Aare Gt “608 pat Gar Ee Woops (©) Goa ns Yous Eq CESS) e = rey re, = -a80 Kt ava eat ween. fe (4) sermsos_ Coenen Soaean! RC BIayy tf (E+E, Oia)» LTO Us pad a 2 Ro An aby 2 O.COG8z AN, Ab = bale -c.cosis fc = Cape-e-cotce (2) ames eves . Eq. CI BUy em 2n2D (Hyer ooh) = NATI K Wis clare) socoeeaet = Py “Gnerente) Te-4 (). Tena STREOS Ene C204 €ya-280AwY Ege “2801 G2 Sam ESCOCR dros Nome. Semantic, Eq Ci-She) eB [wher de yeea Bact ee 1 a sige mers tee Crew nate) ae pos Sear tt at Sees PRES yt sae veo Cer eng gemma: pt rded 6 -3B88 Mm hs -RBABMR Ge -Se.ek mA, or pdt en are ee Go SREB rim an SMM Gece. T.@-2 Trpae, Srmess =~ ne SESS tom aesern a 260mm be ween Taw tone St Se SecA Shoes (© tasmuy suns armen (4) genes Cooma Geer GON Gie-sO MA, eq SIa) Ay (ta Oye 6.) ee , es % ae Oe a Uejon)s-menact Ue pete SAT | ve 16-5 Tain Sree, Me REY exe FB nem) eae U8) Oe BB (re Aeon Ee SRoOp G3 -41S0pat ec seac 4, (7-530) oye tOPs eye -son SK ‘,T.e-5 CONT ‘Schatiute qaverical veiiee and marrenge! (Cus.B mee © Sz00 + 1840 0 “ eo Fe C-Sdb) ey + S-3 CHR) Saieettehe mamereal valet and Cumrrange! C700 HES -45 STD Oo” les, Caocetjes-aereed @) M4) Sete simutterenuy Ege. and @)t 20-40 E+ Soca ras SORA eg TOA 30-25) * 36-8 CONT: (©) Sree Senay ensere Be COSTE) pe ge (Erato) 2 GH ORE) Suoatinde Fer 54,5 ante pe Gogget PG= 5] Brees Spree En iSteta: Osos Tet Towers inthe ocamn te degth h Stocco Diemater Seno. Sen anes Ya eRe blot Pressure | See Fh = 38,000 lbfey = 4631 pat Ea. ChE) eH Cin 29) = 4S nw dae Sa sot etn Pemmee oc vous fy Ch coy ee E> 2854 xt No gets aha p = ene-unt ave eh eet somes een Vee Eq. Coste) wh i 25 = we BEEZ IG! 5 0.628 pat 2 i= ABB tanto () Leones Pee wgit aba) r= G-B Ge) eerie Sar or a Wpwames ReCrsey es esa (were) =. Gen) Seats fee Te ores 4 Fone [Sam Smee estoam ow Pe Sr Poca a en gecees Fy (-S8a) Ge SO GH) fy = BOS, «- aay-20) aa nace! tinge stirs a : tes, Eq O- 588) b) Vossen Memawe om Sinemcey Beeb) = TRE Salniad Serpents ane ae S17 CGD passee & means | (*) Sema oa Seah Groeten) Pee! LO Tos) om eens, casa rae Le r ciseaian Ss Gssczel( Eb) a tir thaclan in BAL felt a cae pa mT en Ye age + rt nett =e fe] oe estes Gee Ben EO Re boce oF manen ‘Baoves Severs Ee Gye’ aes Se Cra een G28) By red Ke ES Combine Equntiona! > i= Zee = re 2051 cone TANT Wau MANS By Ceuays €s Ge w 828 HI ete €q: CSTE): wth yo ETE HERD tere THE cee: tb 0.008 me EAS OP BOSS HE 10.0 es () Derm 4 w me coms Sr! Gyr Seiten « eo nist Fars Bg (Ts): &* Efe 4 Toma ss pe mone Ce eens = oom a (0 Demme w Dey 6. Coa): ew Se, Decrataa. io vhlime: Weal = Se Tonal Wuoee Ne Frat Num Ve= Ses = WU-3e) Ms mince of serare Erte) coma: Pont det ay SECTION 17 BEGINS ON THE NEXT PAGE —= 201te aVETE = a.tse iv. (2) INCREASE IN LENGTH 07 piAcoWAL ban # S$ + SEE cos ze + “& sunee eq 130.18 x1 FOR ox$eresns Bd > Emly = 0.0017 IN. _ A) emawee iw ancue ¢ Ea. (1-48) ke -Céa- GSI OOS ~hy Sino FoR onp= 2651s x= -126.0 x10 RAD MINUS SIGN MEANS LINE of ROTATES Clockwise (ANGLE # DECREASES). A= 120 x10 AnD (oecREASE) (2) CHANGE IN ANeLEy ANGLE ¥ INCREASES THE SAME Amour That # DECREASES. AW = 128 X10 nap LincREnse) +— TI=1_] PEATE IN BiAKIAL STRESS LAS _] SQUARE PLATE in GIAKIAL STRESS 7 4% ¥ den mow Ae ee in aR ag |] -*% Arto fanaz1 210% # xe Ge Ke be sts & o n125x 10% frame tyne feancran Bacest —tyeo Lg tANE = earn. fe) (CREASE IN LENGTH OF DInBOWAL fey Gas = Sp + M26 cos 204 FOR On ¢= 45 &,= 270 x10 Dd = Enty™ 00458 I, A) CHance i Anste COC4: aa Cen edn cose Ky, into FOR Omgn 45°: aa 157 xw RAD Mis sien Meaws Line of ROTATES crock wise (ANGLE ¢ DECREASES). Ag= 157 x10 Rad (ofcREASE) fe) SEAR STRAIN BETWEEN DIAGONALS Se size a. (T1d): EM siw 20+ 2% costo FoR Ong eas" fun woh x 10"t RAD GleATIE STRAIT Meas ANELE 0d 1..cREAsE Penaia Xie RAD yavETF s 70.88 nH (2) INCREASE IN LENGTH oF DIASONAL b= SE + SEG con to Ena ee FOR O«d=2as6% Bd een tyeooran mn By ewanae in anece é Ea. (HO! oe Ceg GSW w COS OI, SIN FOR onps20.5i": 42 -240.0 x0 RAD MInvS SIGN MEAWS Lie Od ROTATES CLOCKWIEE (ANGLE 9 DECREASES). agers xi ano (Decnense) (6) CHANGE IW ANGLED ANGLE ¥ INCREASES THE SANE AMoUvT Thar} DECREASES. AV =240x10% Rao (INCREASE) qe HVAT KO 29-2 PLATE IN BIAXIAL STRESS A7~4 | savare PLATE IW BIAKIAL STRESS. ‘ad (‘t - mm ty Ae teo nn re, Aarts mn -~ & Awconn Ex® 845% 10 Ce re + Gene Ke x testo x8 & ==820x10% gras” Hue guancran Zenoss? tes 0 INCREASE IN LENGTH oF DINGOWAL, S52 cos 20+ Z sin ze .f = fa FoR ené=45": &,= 52g x10 Dd Ey tge 0168 mM (hk) CHANGE in ANBLES Ea. (4d)! ck == Conn Ey)SIN 0050 -Ky Suto FoR onpaast: ae 37 Kw RAD MINUS SIGN MEANS LINE of ROTATES Clockwise (ANGLE $ OFCREASES)- A= 317 x1 ane (orenense) (el SHEAR stRAW veTween piAgoNALS si n0 4 St e0.(t1by: At 2 So& sw 204 Bt cos 20 FoR ong wasts hu =~ 634 X 10° RAD (NEGATIVE STRAIN REANS ANGLE Ped IneRensed)| ¥=~634 X10 RAD — 20827-5 a7 ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN ELEMENTIN PLANE STRAW exrzanio% ey =M80xi ry=tB0xt0* | eatoxie® gpeaoxiot yy a-cioxi0t bya EG Sr con20 + "2 an29 Pimcipst aveiee Zap «ee sinz04 a cane a= 85524 (52) «(2z) «x10 224xto bpm eet yt qe554x10% ey =05x10% tan2ey = w-t0206 ey = Mtx1* Yay = 25x10 = 200x104 26-45.8" and 1242 0 =-229" and O7P 64,2 E56 Leon 28+ Be sin2 = 554x104 22.9" yn Ssaxt0* « 26 ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN ee=t20K10% Gy =-17OKI0F yy 310x104 es6, cate 5 8 cong enn EGE th conz0 + nae 4 a = £28 an20 + Tcon20 tap (222 (ef - eer Yom = 489%10% Oye Ip ASAE CNET Tug ABRICT Fag AOOXIO® ey =—t0V«10 | My =9, 4002227 Toy = ABB XI « ewe EE aason104ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN een t20x10% — gym -450x10 7 =-960x10* Priced arsine en tees) ET 2165x104 £297 10% eniTax* 4 =-S02x10% tae BEE ES oon29 4 anno atrat04 evetraxio* “2 p= soe x10 ee Tan = 674 x10 0 = 0,45 118.9 04, =0,-00%= 28.0" ate 2 Ime OI w Tua -6T104 one = 17-4 ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN ngedsox104 6a 70x10% — 7y = 420x104 et6, b ena Ets ton 204 nee Tip --Sen296 eos29 ey estyn ey, em 202x10% yyy, =-S09x10 gy, 48x10 E106 Yh | Lf r-soxod 0 z Pipl sine 2%, bed aoa z arsxtots203<104 soox10* ea -t8x10* 20, =45.69" and 225.60" 6 = 22.85" and 112.85" eynffteoSttecnnes zante -cooxtot 20m 22.8 eye saxto* e Oy =1128"7-8 CONT. (Maximum shear strains tens) oe) seer hasneee® 4, =p, 45°=-22.2° OF 157.8 Ye @ SBTXIOF Yin = ~387 x10 Oy, = 84, +90°= 67.8" . SS = 27510 ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN e,=-1120x10 Sete, fr cog 20 4 Te, en ESS 4 con 20 +2229 ey 2490x104 ty 272010 Pat eS in 20 4 28 cos: F Git sin20+ Tcon20 pte eye, yA SKI yy, =O00KI0 = 1965x104 Zoe LT-10_CONT. Principal strains ean Se 2-77 x10 2521x104 ea254xt0* gg =Ht290x104 swn2g, = 22 ~-11004 20, =1915" and S118" For 0, =65:7% by EEE ES cos 20 4 Me sina 2-284 x10 ey=-254x10% a= 1296x104 / Pe tsexios er o = =o “e 95.7" . BN mame Maximum shear raiog Te = 104110 Tne = 1061210 4 +90 110.7° Yay = 104110 e+e =-775x10 oay ‘STEEL PLATE IN BIAXIAL STRESS 6 =18,00098 ty=0 y=? FaD0x10 psi vn0.90 Srringage: #=20 ex 07x10 nits: Al etreseas in pe, Srrains in basal sross (Eqs. 7-29) + i c= U(o-va,)= sae (18000-036,) (0 als) reer =—aprgr(@OH0+s) (8) ‘Swaine al angle #20" (Eq 7-710) fa hh c0s20+ Pe sinze sy sorase* (3) arage ft260020705) yt +a) spares es00-259, Jer Seber: op aden ps sara plane rer ereee (only 2524-700 pa - ‘Sains from Eos. (Hh (2), and (3) 2576x104 sa—roniet eye 20bx10* Maximum shoar stains 7: vom Oa fey Y= (Yam) @OTEX10F ; soe, Tre *9 (mar) gq = 78010 + ravine: Towle, (2) (te) tard . Tz ALUMINUM PLATE IN BIAXIAL STRESS. Y= a=? vena oy =86.4 MPa €-72GPa ‘Swaingags: 9=2F ens48xt0* nits: Allstressos in MPa. ‘Sirains in bast trees (Eqs. 7-29) 1 24> H(en-¥0y) (05.4— °,) o Sree) samely 8) Si va fen Hoxee,)=- ge (o6e ‘Strains at angio # = 21° (Eq. 7-7ta) gn EE Eanes Bae wexto*=( ame rerd) (lrcima)ns2-Ser}aoee Sone fora, oy = 2155 MPa “ ‘Mazinnum in-plane shear sross 256; (Cay #252 024 a = Stains tom Eqs i, 2). and (3) 62110010 6, = =t0110* Masinu shear sais (7-75) Coady [=e pypeanes Na) (mery 1200104. e,= 600x104 ty = wee Se. 5.8) ra (Yeas) q * 1800x10% + reowe He. (38) (ey Yr =9 (Yar) yp 399%10 . teea= 13 ELEMENT IN PLANE STRESS y=-8400 pal oy = 1100p ty = 1700p E=10.000k8 | v=0.33 Hooks aw (6. 7-94 and 1 eam Hos ve;)=-s76.3x104 1 6 = Bloy— von) = 287.2010 ryan Bint) asa anret G Fore= 30°: by 2 4 005204 BP sin20 = 75810 Fett 25% einz0 + Moos20 = 4a4x10* = 068x10% Tan Gy aha Heyy = 26710 aa Wis6 x 10-6 Principal strains afte, ore) antiga eS) (J 5-245 x10 2671x107 eye h28x10® ey =-916x10% tan2e, = = 0.3579 26-197 ana 907° 2-88 and 990° ore, =91 by eA 4 Ai con 20 + 1 sin29 = 81010 20yas08 — eaa2exto* + con [ey ome Tae = 12X10 dn ~45= 54.8" 0, +90" 144.8" Yue 12X10 Yams 12X10 LIR-14 ELEMENT IN PLANE STRESS SOMPao, =-210 MPa ty 1S MPa €=100GPa v=0.4 Hooke’ tw Ege 7-94 and 7-35) 1 ee =P(ex~004) =-705«10* 4 = Yop ve)=-1500x104 ty pn BY apo 10 Fore= sor; by 4 cos20+ Be sinze. 1469x104 Fan nS sin204 22-cos20=-958.5x104 =-717x10% tan Sy tetty t= 0070104 *.. Né yam x10 0 = ‘CON. 2071-1 CONT. Principal strains vanhteaff #*) (2) 21118810 £45610 qa TRKI0F eqn nteentot sanz, = 7 =-0.5508 2e,=i819" and 3319" = 78.0" and 165.0° For @, = 78.0" eg EE conte Ea ge-Ta2x10* . eqn nteaax10% + =166.0" Op, 276.0" Jog 2 2 2 Yaa = 91410 1210" sof (te) asensoe Yaw 110 Teneo 45° STRAIN ROSETTE sq=Sanxio* ep =360x10* rom Eqs. (7-77) and (7-78) of Examoh en eyaS2Ox10® ey 60 = 80x10 Yay = 24p~ tye =280%10% Principal strains ate Ee Ey Yo) ae thee (25) «(2 ~tasrot sare eyessictotega-ttictot ton20, =—22_ 20.4867 ans 26,625.0° end 205.0" 12.5" and 102.8" es =80x10°% Ferg 2125 tym eo Arcos 204 Be an20o ssix10* 00128 ete oy nto.s? aici & i raed as" S51x10% seas Yam wf =%) (22) san ef J +(22f -sanioe nan © 66210 Ou = 8p, ASSETS tne MOERKIO® y= 8t9P=BT.S Yay =-C62K10 - ane EE a 20010 20878) of 7 Bem eg=BOXIO® — Gy =e¢= 16010" Yay =2tg~ ete = 20x10 Principal eraine can tee (5%) 5 exo £25710 easeaxtet gget82xt0t tana, = Tt n.ase 24,0247 and 2040 @=120" and 1020" Ford =120%: en Es rns 294 M2 c20 a sa2 x10 inn t2or aq =seaxio* + pq "102.0 eg =-182x10-* e tow "515410 04, = Op, -45°= 83.0" OF 147.0 Tug = SISXIO y= Og 40S. Yun -SISKI0* é eae 075x104 TIT CIRCULAR BAR (PLANE STRESS) Bare subjected to a torque T and an axial force P. E=30x10" psi v=0.29Diameterd = Sin. Straingages AL@=O": eqn ey = 100x10 BORK: ege 85x10" ty eent00x10* 6 == vey 29x10 ‘Asia free P Bute, Pete cena, pet esmon + Shear rain Sy _2tmltev) secs) aig. Halley) ,_2r¢ Ww GE E =orzeex0'}r Tab-iny inst nas? afte, + L2 gint Sir treog204 TB en2e ea, =eo= 55x10 20=90" ‘Substinte numerical values into Eq (1): = 55x10" = 95 5x10 -(0.0640x10°4)7 SoneteT: §— T=1980 bin, « ‘Maximum sheae sain ne maximum sheer sos Yop = (0.129810 )7 = 100.410" rad Ea. (7-75): teal 5 (8 at1net0 rad Yume = 222X109 108 - Snax ina = 2580 psi . 20%77-18 (CANTILEVER BEAM (PLANE STRESS) ‘Beam loaded by a force Pactng at an angie a. E=2006Pa vel/3 de 25mm heron | eagoxictpd va0as b~ 10m r= 20m Avior F=Psing Shear bree V = Pease Aialtore F=Psina Shearforoe V=Poosa (Ute neutral eis, the bonding momant produces {Atha neural axis the being moment produces ro sressen.) 0 svesses) Swaingogss ALO=O: eqney =125x10% Siriagages MO=0: eqeepat7ixi0* Pina = Diy = 62,500" Pose Xie viPoosa Eg OE =-(80%10)Poosa fece=er Gate, fe-6 n t= EE BS conz04 nae eg neg -97510% ‘Substitute into Eq (3)¢ -375x10 = 416710 —4167 «10% ~(2484x104)Poee 20=120° t ) “ 1.7-19 (CANTILEVER BEAM (PLANE STRESS) Beam leaded by a ores Pacting at an angie. MO=7S: ey =-266%10 ty ese 9 =~ 2A oh yn -80.85 0104 ‘Psing = hE¢, = 3078 (1) te Boe =-(225.0%10*)Poose @ ‘Boron 75°; eye D tenets leone eqn tynnmeextet 2 Subsite nto Eq (3): 266 104 = $5.575x104 -99.961x10% ~(66.25.10"* Ponsa Poosa = 3859.8 150 or Solve Eqs. (9) and (4): tana =0.7813 P=5000b «) tt Be720 DELTA ROSETTE (60° STRAIN ROSETTE) Suaingages Gage AatO=0* —Suain wey Gogo Bat 9=60" Stain =ey Gage Cat 8=120° Strain = ee FocO=0% ex e4 + Foc o= 60"; eget Aeon Zin sgn EEL AE oop tar yo EE (nt20) o p= fst, 1B arate a Forg=120": ye AEE 8 cos204 2 se co AL Ecos 2404 22 sn2407) Gage Cat 0=150° ey=eqmst00x104 gym eq= 200510 wet rato ante 200x104 = 650x104 +225%10 0.430017, SoWve for yey: Tay = 558.910 cow 7-2) cont, Princpes erste aan tte, f=} es0x10* 2900x104 ayn 1850210 Sta) Barr ten29, 20,=60° 0, =20" For, «30°: -24. +h cos20+ Te sin20 = 1860x104 sa qatscoxto* apy n120" eqn -250x10% Elen) ia axial rn 0,000 pe og 2.000 pe a= plavv) aEI-22 40-40-100" STRAIN ROSETTE Pureaiuminue «= E=70GPa-v=0.53 Stain goges —GageAat aac eq = 1t00x10% Cage Bat 40" eg =1406x10* Gage Catoetaor ee =-39.44x104 eeqn "100x104 = Eg A con296 12 20 Subsite 2, = 2g = 1406 x10 and ¢, on snp and erage 0.41318, +0.49240 74 = 850.4910 o For e= tan; ete syn EE cos204 Fc 100x106; ‘Sabsttule ey, 60 = 80.4410" ance, 1100x107; thon simply and rearange: OMD1Be, 0.492407, =-E8A95xI% (2) Set Eas. () ae (2y ey = 2009104 Hoots 0+ “a (e_ere)e 916 MPa Yay “1599.21 27-23 ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN ey=2e0niet 6, 248010 yyy = 180x104 oxo ens 27-23 Cone Am [coo +(s0004F 1581 b10% 90. enmcn a 94.70" pu ttrna- 20045 90" Piet; &,, x350x10 Point D(0=50°). cy, =350%10% + Rens 6x10* Berm Ranpert24nso* uy 2225x104 Point 140°} 64, = 85010 — Rens f = 200.10 Tem Aaipa 112.4010 ry, 2225x104[2-7- 24) ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN ec=ezoxtot 4, =-170x10 Tearssx10* ty = 310x104 ons peices} [ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN ey =MOx10F gy OXI Y= 850x104 2x - 475x104 Ra (o95x10} +(155.104F = 29.2410 cn SS aztret Ba20-anATe Poin: ey, #125x10-% Pole 0 (0997.5 ey, 2125x104 + Roos B= 251<104 x Jen Asinpa-204.8010% yy, =—d00«104 Poink O° (0 = 127.5") ey, = 125x10—Roosp =-101x10* Zep amenp e2eeaxio® Tay, = 90x10 y=-490x104 O Aa i7sxi0*F «(170.007 F = 240.9010 175. en eraant7S = 45.09" Pome: e,, «310x104 Principal stains 20, = 180-29 194.2" Op, =O 26, = 25, +180'= 314.2 6 = 167. Polat Py: c= 310x104 +m S54x10* Point aie = 910x104 =06x10-* conr. aS71-25 conn, ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN eeniz0xit ea 450x104 yy =-200x10% X ¥ 180% 10% Maxioum shesr sraing 26, =90"=a= 44.17" 0, 922 20,920, +180 22617 Batter Pott Some = S1OX10 Yay = 2A= 48x10 Podet Se: ae @SHOXIT® Yay = A881 77-86 Conn Op, =73.9° 20, =28,, #180" 927.72" 6 = 163.9" Point Py: e, = A=165%10% =172%10°% Point Pz! eg =~165x10 A =-S02x10"* 20, = 90° a= 87.72" 04, = 28° 204, =28y,+180°=257.72° 0, = 118.9" Point Si: Some =—165X10 agg = 2A=674x10-% Poict S23 Same =16SX10% Yay -674x10 [conte ae"a2 cone [EEE epsewronaneorin tenttoxte Gye 70x10% ry = 420104 decade Iearoxi* 007 iceman Tyce 26), #20 +180"=225.60" Oy, = 112.8" Point Pi: e)= 275x104 = 55Bx10% Point Pp! ee 275x104 Am -18x10* Point Sie = 275210 yg 2A = S87 X10 Point Sy! aw 275X104 rg 58710 = fens x0 F + (210510°F 20.4710 enortanZIauscst prarit0r20m 7500 Point; ey, =275x10% Point D(0= 75°) &,,=275x10—Aeosp=202x10* Tea Reinpa2e0.26%10 yy, 266910 Polat 0 (0= 165") ey, = 275x10 + Roem 48x10 Tie rsing =284 96x10 Yay, = 569%10% us[n7-26 ELEMENT IN PLANE STRAIN Yay = 780x104 Am ((o4sx10-*F + (s00%10°*F = 820.70%10 390 amartan 2» 48.50° Ponte: &,=-775x104 B=160"~2-20= 4150" Polnt 0 (0m 45} ty, =-775%10* + Acne =-985%10 = Rsinp = 5x10 tay. 600x104 Polt D(0= 1355 ey, 77510 —Feos=-1165x10% Jetta Ain a-945<104 typ, =-€00%104 19150" = 67" 20p, = 20, +180"= 31150" 6, = 185.7" Polat i: ey=-778x10 +A =-254x10% Pol Pg =775x104 Rn 1206 x1 s8n10* Polat 5 te =-77SKIO Yay = 1041 —END OF CHAPTER T— cowBen pape saute Yad spss: Ba: pO'es (te) Factor of saieby: N= 3.2 s cohen Mi ct From Ee, (2 Seana ean ed +. 3p = aiomn Ceneks occur‘ = 200110" Use next highest Ye inch tain” 375 in ¢— From £4 (6-4) Ee "Feo Welded tank. ied Fa 2tin, E = SKI psi (re EE eave ri load ‘oF tank = 2m Ge) = gen aaoedetal = 300 Kine— Maximum shear stress in wall (618-3) on = fa Sasepeengsind "7500 psi <—— Maciruen eral steia in. wal C4. 6-4) © - Suu 2 T-pAz0 ToBtal tensile i pee gnc) ne "th = 600mm £=210 gm t=50nm -y=024 P= 20M Ce caahhoeres of tank=200 20) = oe MBs 0M} <—|| 8.3°2 | 15) = 0.254in. be Vertical standpipe em He) T ose ‘tsSmm f Girewmtorents tec, 98S gahre (8,85) Pay * 288m. (@ Height b Cnnters) [Strain govems since t,>t, and t,t teas Oin Piessure pevh Y= weight densi [a2=10T , Fiber = 8a Propane tank = Rar 2 cam Merca)ien) = 52 14P— £= 2004 Solve forh: ha 163m *—— P= 20 MPa v2028 . . SzEeAe Boze ad 7 450 MPa Gay = 120010 Cme-tecion Minis f lor dencin cea igual ages Coa = eae ra = 5,053 0 Ti ti) ~ HORN DRag EA = 5088 Half circular cylinder k2) Shear (64.8-3) ‘mu redOfe p= 0.5psi 2 FER = Rem MA. = 5.359 mm te pendion! Senses apn wean Tees fn, a tense force per unit ‘seam ) Strain (E484) tm FE OY? Find Factor of eatery h agatnat Searing ta? gO “yea ESAT CRM) = 60m i CiecurBeential stress = 5E (69.65) SG a pre Bopsyee R02 ne OMe, CEL Stisin governs Since tart ands?he + tmtéene—| ye eae ‘cemiegias yi Egat = 225 — Ecessuciaed sphare under weber hoes seenems frggm gezoe Crlinkical pressure vessel 285 im, rite veer |, ere Radius Oinin gesng PEER DF Eton resem Onar egw G= AE (ey 0-5) & mi « is depth of water mesg G--[ | Zetig® pre ya=(euabiiiids = ooseid cond | 8° SEK = SEO are L_| ‘areas ntankwall ewe 16 tha srescts & and 0b pal. Nobe. & is positive in tznston) frnuse be eal Sete, be ei nd re ® oe Fu GE in Sigh (se8,0.4,, Fig 7-ll in Saction 23)" Of = - OL + Boas ana. \avin) E+ ~GE~ zim) Soe Sor Fe Fader? <— mianyer = os [83-5 J , Solve for d: dm1015in.= 84.6 %t+— -Alumicum con 5 Fe200 Es Wsmts ¥=038 Scuba took a" change i arin when pressare Cylindrical pressore vessel is: BF ldap 220, de coin aIToxo* r= 4,000 et B . anes are asd nterslerssare Fir thickness t. Zree, : on dian dee ea) aes = Ce 4 don = 028710 Ge, 2 pn Bites (a. based on shear CEy8-10) tm $F 2 Os E> Hegees - ozTon shear governs, Since t2>t, % tmin * O20. — Cea Tact 82 MPa = 205 GPa, [CONT. De83-6 cont. | w=030 = 2 (factor ofsafety) Teac “Fit = 41MM Find matimam alleabte strain neta aate rg et Colindrical seni, “I dalam r=bm £5 20mm paleo km, ope oe #3 = 20, = SOMA ee pointe Te6in. p> 320psi [cao “Scarier cosh) Tone weld Ap: ension) Prassure in cylinder: pak = Fre Masiemuam shear stress (4-8-1)! Tmac™ Fe Bere Hiniman thideness: tein ™ Zereog [Substihte, america) values. tan™ ima = 0 BSS | coder nih kena peste, oe d= WAmm r= 48.2m09 ‘Shear: Tome™ HE (Ey 8-12) PRES + Fei ca itn | ge a nae = 20%m thane tin: Prasiinn weer poke hee Haximamn shear shress (69, 2-10) Ta2 BE ahr Mirinm didaess © tase ® AR | Substihde numericn) values * b. tain za Tie tee * 30mna— [Tension Crae= Se 33-4 = , nin $5 = GRopiMGID) = 0.120, =IMin. r= 72in. ‘Shears ten (8-3) Welds or= SE cep ey san $= Gea = O15 [Shear governs. fein 0.30 rT £3 e Tatra hear sets | tas BE = Seppe) = 0.15 in. — ree Shear governs. tin= 0.15in, — rs Presta sh bare eaeaeipe Th = eae ee From Eqt@-5): qeeeeRe or he SE Suvetitute numerical wlues! £5 15mm pS Z4MPa Yay Be (cddcaafomntilsaoes, r= = fst Sonne — adie iinet oe pat SO ‘Since the Prpes, the Centar OF the pipes Ie abort 4. 270 =288in, Bath, oe 2p ts = ib Retindurin) = ps sil intake Pasir o WE RS eae aes = 40h — tXGiccamieatial in. &» Star) 6,= $BERiytt C30) = 340% 10+ —$ Longitudinalstmin €:=-220-2v) 622 (UM G-2usid = 8040%+—= Goma Taye BgE sin 20 + T nyo 28 = + GortnXsineor)+ 0 = 173 Mia— 404 ~ Oa, = 40 Mia + OMA ~5OMa Y 2 70 Me —— a t= Abin, pa 200psi Ex 30x10 pai vao30 (aD cmamfimatal toes = 52 OKRA 00 Aersitubnaletess = HF = Fi 3000 psi <— icof-hane sraar stress, (Zim $= 200091 ¢— (Xmatinetishsinin 6* ean) €.* Sebring) 2080) 170010 — Longitudinal stmin €2=-ZUI-2~) > iO -21030) = 40810 aces 0-10 < = 28" ent Seago res a= 64410" (Leyte direction) we ois coo pet ens &e = 220n0% SAR oot Cylindrical tarts = 80 ru, © For B26" E= 30x10" psi A 7 REE Linn 9 tesa \ 34500 psi Dsoopeikmwsn +o | , Ey 24500901 = 40 p= 3640p <—] 2 LTA 28 + Tg C0828 Sean ny direction Te? = + (S00 psiMsin50+0 = ISO psi — i+ Gj =O, = 3000 pa 6000-3540 pat Delta, eset, a GOH ginal ain) > Ee #215 <1" [Gage C_@=120" nae ’ XK Gjlinddcal tanks E225 een SES + Secbet La sinawr —_ B= 20 are mourns guiesn$ Bin CT, ]) Determine the pressure f__| Seytiing the equation: 36 ~Stnya teeters _(2 oP ans OM I. CONT Sis eA: lento cont y = ioe. 36, = 8080* adseressgs envied, . [sesinic ediaction 6.964. 260" Oo aan Senin s direction i = 40MPo, Use tre ‘equation of plane strains es Gras eonte os fn ele ARES eas eae ee sR REECS cummsstntinah | x7s nto x annie So weal N)-MHN6 Yoy(B) XZ Sie einige +0 3 GOMmfa— 1OMf = So nace JdTnelane sharstress Tv 3:8=-$0 » 1800 pai — pea ore Saga C02 120° = EES Ge 7 nates Bice ctu oS sen Pier Simplify he ayuations -A3¥ny= 1020 »10-* S Wand cae = 340% 10% ing Ean cDond Gd) 20 tarenpectad) Baka tacrre) OpaTielee ves) = $52 125 ete 8P Froen f+ 12.5— = 2282/80 340v)(10"4) esp + BEKE be 24) From 05 a5— = 282.9P%(340 + Bov)L10%) 2592 Sree) pibdend ss): ie ene a Ss Soha Gan 0S derived fo toe preseure'p: p= Melee See) Substitute numerical values: re — #10°*)-5(80110-4} 93200 kheo| a5 Cylindrical bark, @ o @ nos = sano + Sagsze0*h-4)- AEH} + bey (F) Selig the con $6," May» 816410" w 2253-15 CONT. 8. ” pe | Conbileser beara crnieterves) Beit) ie I ‘4 Pecoomn Canam” Gee B02 40g y= B= 80p Ch jt d=1somm From 0% + 4p = 22800888164 «x12 ¥)00") we ‘Stnsses depot A oe Te Be ccersotnmt M=-Pe = 60,000 sm Sp=S2ztya0a4e) ©) | va P=120%N set d= 50mm From Gy 809 =25steiceraseayenion4) = Mita = _ fanggonn)sone) = 45.0 ip = 3288 34 +849 4) | t= XR ao bale-¥)= 395,000mn™ , e > tao oot) = er 20.3 — ema mt obi Aig Bean altri Seaton, th Satosing mata on ? ty 2675 ome Bic jpalstmesses tan Zep = itl. = 03000 20) = 0" and Gp 895" PLISk — Ca2fe=2tin, Oye AEN and eH: T Pan § betin | Se sin G+ LED + DiGi era20+ tay sin 20 “Cli Lis fbn For 26p 216.70" * 07,2 45:99 MP me Sttesses at pent. For 20) = 196." On, 8-099 MPa. see gan sah Warren 3608108 rin way Therefore, agora Girton ond oh - Gold ota and Opt, G5 = On -45°= 3677] ond 223.5 HAP Os." One fora 53.3° ant ce nan cute. = hy > pe = 2a. 50m ‘tan 26, = am = -0.4375 toe 20, =-23.63" and, Op = wIL-81" permet 110.67 nt 20, = 186.37" and Op = TEI" htm Az bh = 3Zin® = LES + i ie9529 +t yin 0 tein He SSE 3 S000 tin, For 28" 252843" | Se , paren ee yah ~9¢ = 4000 Te Treaties neat a cain oe Bh = inerst is] — mee | Ree shear: cr=180psi, Cy=-I86psi, Ta_= 188 psi <—$ Gs “2260 pa ond Ost") Geo Tr" “EE mee Obes From E4-(8-22)° Gar F say =I Wed psi = 30pss Gate ps — wer8.4-6 CONT 84-3 CONT. From 64-68-24)" Tous) thy 7 246 psi <—$ | CxTep of she beam oem He = ~ 4000 WeinMtin) = -1266 pst ae Toa G20 ty tO Geo Ty=0 iatal stress. 6120, O52) 7 Urea sess ciao Uniaxial stress. o)=0, Op=-1066ps, Cag" 633961-— ai Sin SS 4 5 Pein, |e ips GS «nao mre afth LeldSm b= 25mm by heisomm d=25mm | o¥=0 Qz(byhchYhsh) = 336.x10%mm? FF Hace principal gree | y= “YS = coous) ee = 1851 Pe Wtesenone) =) ed pam E SETS oie the lag lresstons) Ga = Br» O7=4SMPa, My=-fk = -asisPinm vb=b= OSP i) Strassen ct point. = -BE= 7.031%10% mast Tne = YOR 4TH, = 40.3 Mla— is (Poi GeO ayR0 Gen Hid = —gpesrysie) 2222? (m) Q= bi {bt} = 420.5 *10? mm =o y= = Ho= = " = eeieereniioney = 28.17 Pa {(aYTop of the beam (point A) aries ae = bah 2) = 39,062 mn? Tot EES ASA = une on Gn ee Tay aan gn . Toure ttre | = 28, GEE mts = 2228 P (Pa) But OF =49.0MPn 2. Peo thr (= 21,9900 we 4260 K/fe po2.0un — Eran = 3f = 26in. “ = S2-32°~ 54000 b-in Sachi See, La5om. va 4b—qe = 12,0006 hae.0i0, z 1 asin pr b=S0in t2.05in. reint De ‘che leod P (four) Determine Mp= Bes -12.5P Gorin) Vp = = O.5P (Ik) Stssahot pick T= He 180 int 2 GSP 4 =~ (aga Bnd stone (Psi) Cerro medal To FeO lenhiavey ~ 2064 Poet) RinceaL AER ee Ohm ae EOP eh «yates? one TREND mista ©] = $620 pais. Pa Bezvesi = But fait Pa SEBDesi = 260016-<—§ ref agisaene OOH] a L.} = 156 ps ed ty 20 = Uniaxial stess! <=158%, 420 nat = 730 psi| paint B) O= “Ha Se BEI 13 563955 285.837 G20 Qab(tchYbeh) = 21014 in? Tate *~ Geers 7 FF Cig» Eo EB = ca41s #7034 psi 7 14100 psi, 02=~220 psi -— Bem te een ha stoie | y= 260mm] Trnas y+ ch, Me ne ~ SB BDEE = 109,69 10% dee ae FS i84-7 CONT. =-Y4a- Tyre Gaooowdsa sit) 3 i Gaesteenasiny PS dmt0.47 in. homh-2ty = 9.450 In, gy=0 GynO as aM Me G20 GabtBeYDsh)=i4.Gi0® tye $= SRE a ASA Gas SS Ea = SONS £ bbz4 psi i162 psi, O=-tkes0psi — Tae = VLBI Ch = 6620 psi <— ce Neutral ale Cpe Gao G20 = b= (o~teXEKD) = 18105 in? = YE = ~ (5 1UB.IOS ind) = -5330 pai tay — Fhe ~~ Goins X0.3t0in) = nin A728: Rare shear: 0;=2350psi, 05-2350 pss, Cam 2350 psi —| Uniaxil stress 090, 051,040 p3, Tm=S540ps — fies OMS 8.4-4 CONT. (bY Tp oF the webs (eaint BY a 7m AGN = _ [00% ofS iB) 243 Fa eeeatny)= ustoie aes 9" Fe” Enda! Se B18 oF terre OF= 950 psi, Op =-4570psi — enter. + OR = 2150 pai a (eyNeutaal axis nO 0720 Q= baXD- eye 13:35 in? 2, = 2066 psi y= YO = BRGY = 23%0ps1 lar shane» Ga2380 ps = 20 pa 2990 pa — B=4.10 7 Fisaiil f—tsm— few A=2650mm)(25mm) = 3s00mm= b= 150 men f= zemm 2 aeation feniaidc ee | Cre Zak =4 ae For the webs 7A (75mm)(25sanXiSOran)* 28,250 me Feethe Flange! 92 td: SrmnlsQrm)(25 07) roan? + 604,375 mF = 1175 mn pe = Cy = 5625 00m A Sethe? = 21582110 met edt et he earmuect ol R= Psin G0" = 8.6603 kN Kk Me= B,C, = 281.25 Nem Stress restarts of fixed end of earn 2 nu N2R=50KN | "vere ate * Me Met PL = 18272 Nm FBTR carn toto mse 20 ty=0 0)20,0=~72.4Mfa.] = ial ess» e0078.4-l1 CONT. Ey (3): Ty = ~1000 psi = O.67MPat 1922 Mf = 19.89 MPa | Egat) hand (6): C= S!90pei,O5=- 1p, Tag™ 2410p Fye-2in) Oy bt (~E)™ 64.06 210 mm? Ts GE 10,000 psi Oy =0 Lays VB mets KOA berm). -7 43 4p, | 4. (3)* Tey = 628 8h TE” (21502 =10° ea Ere) bss), end Col 20 po, +40 po Tan frit G OF w15,000 pi OF +0 trys 0 URI steas opera 00 fs c20; ne 7000p Ga202MR, Oe Qs BB -VIEHE +9) = BEY) Tay= ~ HE = ES BE yt) = 1250-9) @) Onits: ysin, Tey pai in PE ® 2 SE cH ro} ome =1 (G+ OH 4) 7 Yas Yeo b> Sin Yo> “Ye = Be Zin o G0 . @ Qa bib-yeKeey) = SAV) Tas ean SEE NT axa Bl @ Init yen y Zag = MPa. Yor “Ye= pe lin @ ® 422 = Comm Ye® B= 40mm rer i ten wro BE esi 0520 =a (2): Coy = COS EgUDOG=-225HR oy=0 tay=0 BLA (5), and (6)! 07190 psi,05<-SIO pt Tag 00 psi] Wasiel stress: OF =0, 055-2257, Taas™ HMPA C4207 0520) tye “SL = “BL = 1125 psi Wr y= 180 MPa gj =0 wees eas pet Tame EE (3) Cy -25 a Fae hears ENR pi, Ge NDG rs, Te NaS psi | ES On IBA Mtge MleB4-13 CONT. Eg. (3): Cay = -40 MPa G8 (5), ond (6:72 17 MPa, G9 -42 NP, Tay, 55 Ml eine Dogo) DIO1Oy 20, Toy =-BE=- BY = - ASMP, Rete shear sof 45 MM ,0;=- 45H Ra, Tom = 48M Bint E y=-20mm) ¥ Efi f= 75 MPa OO oa 4.) Tay = = 40 oe tae: EAC), 6) dnd G6) # Oe 92 MPa, C= -1THPR, Tae SHA Sole Enc fr the aresping Bint F (y>-40mm) oF ovoputet program ev use eal Eq. (0: ORF ISO MPA, O]a0 (3) y= “2st ea pas FAL (6) dnd Cod: ISA MPa 0524 MP Tg 7A MP Stee Sm ciao ty =O Uniaxial stress: Oj=225MP0, T;"O, Tima NOMA, $5 Qt, | Rome stegpret beim inctnggorted Mor crity ya eto %, oys0 . = b(R-yEibe)= BEY) tae Te = ey) 6% O, = Mee ~ Diet mae “(25% i)? + Tar Rese el Substitete, From Egat), 2),and (8) and sionpify: aude yet) = $a") tue Sifer EV — a Eq, 44) is the equation of the enteur Bes PrTinae. Substricte reemerical Values: Vin TT . (i), (2), and (3) and stenplify aa a Ea vd @ [Ey ie i ees For Vase ‘Substitute. numerical values; beam (Y= Tae = 49.98 4108 VEE (A)? Tmx™ BEE S66.67.% [CONT | units: xemm,y= im, Timers MP zsB5-1 CONT. a sas pat = SOs Maximum sheor stress mu |G]~ 2970 psi — From E9.(4): Tne=-22= 0022222 x pala (mies yao teo tao too] |. da l20mm > dys1SOme ite ree aveean pee C PeZeSkN Ta 19 kam 1¢ that the contour lines are_symmetric, about Aa Flat dt) = 6.362 210% mt its dat erie tos amar Fala Garon Intermediate locations. Tp= 33 (di -d?) = 2134+10%m* Use E405) Selecta value. of Tray Select various values of x For each value. oF X, Selve. 9.5) For the comesponing Ve oy asea copter prdgam ruse aa emer). (En. FREE Tne 760 [ 270 [360 | 50. 275m [yes [30 baz 118 Tous, 270 [seo [450 [540 ] Fesum te toe tea tee Teas 5 [500 8. ceare 30 ‘Maxima in:plone_ shear stress. 0 Vmax = VIGl+e2, = 52.8 Mra t— au Ulote: Since ‘the prineipal stresses have opposite. Die thesivtan inpane shear soess layer than De maximum od-of pre shnr sess) E4.(3-43) Feo Chapter 3: H=2moL | Tak Shoo 252,521 the fe = 630.300 loin b= 4fe b= 3 ft (i= af) = 314Zin® oT Ego mp Ps 20k 42> 8.0in, d,= L0in. Am Etat- di)= 1.78 in® Le Flst- d= 83.20 int M= PVEFSEP = (20K5¢H) 8 = ioke-fe = Re,00%b- in. The maxis occuron opposite Sides of the vertical arm ona mie} oF = 2.860 = 6660 psi =A « MRIS HO A tps S TO) ac to uma” oh sa pai-e— “xe ee —G.5-3 CONT. ote since the principal ‘She Marifoum in-plane Shear stress ‘than the waximun out-of-plane shear i” rae a Prat agp = Maange Tg Units: Cae MPa T*HAe mmm 18.5-4] Je x Eee emma z A= Elah—db) = 01.3)? J Eger SO Saat omnes is omar Sunil te sce i than the mazimum tendile ares) ‘inal Baxi in=| ere eae Oa-R= caer CD fe Tae = sa tye ee Xs a fas Tae Maiden esha aie irae. scien d: d=59.7 mn fe: “Temata mrp ghee bess ager Tae = VETS ema, than the maximus ot sie Sar artic) leet sides and replat Tae by hans = Cras) = (BY 4 CH . 45mm) = Lraaiae red "+ feet mfa)* SeheGr Pr ER crams =F p= coors 7 3 2 1000 fb (tension Ps 815,000 = B15 KN— TePaaxial force Thum = S000 pai Unete: The maximum in-plane Shear stvess Is ‘esi oe aubel-pine shear | O;= 20 = OOenOIE, 50 Units: eps tain Ops a= = SE are + ee ahawan = ME any 15,0009 Tacplang sheet shes Coase = 1500 psi Tomas = Sig. m 3 (TEP SORS2) = aes Find diameter d inches) nae ae The maximum stresses occur on Dppeatte sles the rin The torte Strona sc targer than the ompressive | Maxinun demile sheass. On eB = Sees gee oF inoys= AEE + SE 15,090 d> — 82'1.6d ~ 46,246 =O Fa PS gait Sere ‘Sewe for ds d= 147 in, — = at = BGome) Unikst canine Obie oMra, a= BE - aE, = Gasp stsomme — Tnzplane shear simess, Enae Cede = HiAsp-bzipt aH) | Contes 5059 +28.654P—. ‘Pras = 10.0 Pe8-5. 8 CONT. Ons-of- ress Coat = Ge or Tm = SE From Gi: 60 MPa = 6.259" Pmax,= 16 MPa. From Gi: 60 Mfa=Si2bp-2805 Paag,™ 286 Pa. eos: Fa 080 tb Geomp.) Tamm 6008 PS loc £ et é000maso(E)+ 342 en Oe betvicen Gt, Solve far t x Reseti Galealete efron Ey C4) Calculate Ve Ea $0 Radies od Tishnass, From eq.e)s = Oty UT Solve fir e+ ‘t= 0.1652 in. i eet a From Eq)? 6.5 S00(E)— 190.9; raide s1482i0. 1000 () = 1000 psi 1988 psi n= E> sah = sole) | T= ‘Since the principal stresses have opposite Signs, the maximum out-of-plane shear s¥ess Is smaller than the masinum in-plane shear stress. Therefore, ‘the use of Eqs (3) ond (4) is Valid. on8 50M ne EE = 12,566 mm? Pa Mg = (So ngh(28i™s8) = 490.54 <- 160 ng Ep Om ce nits: Ome = Fad Spo MPa, ta Boome ano oop = s008 mt Tey = 100 nae (MPa) ‘Based on tension i= ED + GB OF conten R52 Hn STS Combine tvmaysgeerevend tetera posSbed | Based on in-plane shear stress. Ta ERS SoHts = V300.04 +25,600 Prue equities eb beam S88 ad y= 3105 Ma Tay ="160(0288) Fae Mla. oe eel ee si cipal sbreases Inte opposite. Sie aes Entel tiane shaw ese lager enos SRE Minh SAPS ae hear bereae P2160 Ib b= 500, ‘Stiessas ot pick A T= BE = 145 psi (the sheor frce.V pew aces exo shea ‘Seresses at point A)=O y= BUTOpei Ty -UBI pst Cia = 18.860 pat © 24010 psi O72 34980psi —_Cyn-2280ps; Tomas VERE eaP = 21,040p31 Maximum tensile stress: Oz = 39,950 psie— a TF pascon 1 SES ia te an) = 450 8 Moment: M= Pb, = (6000)(S00mm)= 300 N-m ‘Shear force: VeP=GOON Soke TS the ts _4s0N1 (ot Xh-t)= (4omenBtome) B56 met = 22 MPa The h-2yh-20F = konami) tne? SuOrT sI0b met pon 1219 MPa we edz. ong om (508 T1024 «108m (the shear farce Vpredices zero Prear serosa a Polat A) Pincieal sresssa cod masinun shea sims Oia BES eV B+ to Gino MM Tym HHa2N Gina, = 6.095 Mpa 215.47 Me. Cpa z.57 MPa = ~938 MG Tine ESP TP m1847 Ht R=26 MPa— rae eae — Maximum Shear Stress: Tay = 15.5 MPa <— Ta" aie” aE anit pt ep Principal steoeto VEE s tag® M0 2683 pst & C= BOBO poi Taunt = 3000 psi linplane shear stress) Tone = VEEP Cag? Ci = 3600 psi = 7200ps\ y= ~ Gig, =~2.0018421T Te ay he Pb, = 1200-m, sina conan SRS TTS aria L 37152.8 MPa (compression) a woth aga reste tthe shear force Vprodoces nero hear shass at pit b) Par.ohe = ths No tae AMA MPa 08H Mle Bebg MPa =M1OAAEMPa, Tmax “WEED + TH = 108.04 MPa. Maximum tensile stress: 0; = 32 MPa ——— Maximum compressive stress) OF = -164 MP— Nie ace toe principal sats reste + Since the principal stresses signs, "Se wearer pan herons ger Sen te esiman octrofepline Shear Stet Ga0 eye0 Tae A 1 Ty2 TSMR AZAN, 272.15 MPObern enagsctrste et . sea ne one en serena Shear stress: = eS pet ae eco eee 72.2 0P a. haze te Salon? ba A Heph=Goomyasanre)= 1080001 to ‘Toflos OMEGA) =I Hein PU v2 P=300 fa : Sey oy= B= 10800 pst zeit ajszr=2sr n aided triers = 10.670 1 are ~10 psi Ts Fat? = $470 psi Maximum Yersile 3i70s 1 Ome™1QB70pse— Masimn’ Siar Sinest Cage S47Opsie— {ovale tnd Ba al “caane™ 6,000 psi “The streeges at print A are propertinal tothe load P Based on tensile stress: Ree = 590 lb “ek. a206 ‘Shear governs. Fun ™ 345 tb —— Horizontal wind Sore on the sign P P= (8 kPa 2 Om\0%5 m) = 270001 H= Ph = (2100N)(82 me 09750) = 4652 Nem T= Phx (2100 N)(LOme 05m) ™ 2635 Hm vaP™2700N (A= dh) = 2.898210" mn Fenaee gmc mat Qn ZU2-F) = GE— dl) = 40.67 +10? me? (From Ey 5-43 , Chater 5) ‘Stresses at potot A + cate = scr = 166.5 MP | Ti = zasertn, GFR MAS HR, Tay = 244OMPa, HVT = O88 MM szacenet eat ae 24.46 MPa [efi <2 = -BR ai pan eee =. Sonne + ie en) GO fare shear Stresses ct point a nanan, To YS = 005 Ht p20” ORO Tyy=T4Tz2ZOSOMPa Pure shear To "264 HPae— Axial forces N= Ww, + We az eee Eaters) =zyes9 canting roman ithe acne ee Re pa cope fg eae peas ws BASE FG Actin, )=22,H0 lbnin. i) 226-27 in* Eas W=204. Blind Zp azze S72 in aoe aaiden rete () Principe) sti oa Oa = S, a eae 2018 pivot Ore 4s psi = Apsi Maginuny Shear SAPESS > Cmax = 20910 pse— Nite: Since the principal stresses have eppesite ‘Signs, the maxinan in-plane shear sess. Ce lager then the mavimwn oxt-oF-ptane shear = 0mm C=0.4m orga aie Resor kn aS WERE tte Ta Bfe 656201? omSours My may be ewited beause i produces re shores abpsidy Te Re = 208 wm aoe ot =F (compression) De nt = om MPa Sta “5100 MM Ceompreasion) — nee SE saat, | 5 1906 MPa-+ 095 Wha= 20.01HPa. Tn-plane, T= 166? psi On-oF- plane: For the tien of he crknder, oR #10, 480p3} Me compressive SITES Tyqe™ S40 pol Sor the entre cxlinder:, "OF =10,680 psie— Macompeesine SHeASes me Tang 5340 paice— Sulindcical tank x + f250mm £=3mm le 2 e=3SMta T= sooum Tine = 70a. To habe iad P eee ait ore gE= zara | 4) oH Bode LP owes Ce="SL0OMR — OF=O a= BES YC ce” ase aon, oye Gina ops, Te VEIT TE = 3G MPa " T=$00 kin. = M= 1000 kein, P= 900psi fenoie 422010, Heom de 2400%0 mean eas = Resin E=WDin raQuj-ctenetet Ts2ra Sian? Sect the sheegen de 7 the same anys Ta in iran ne oasionn sorenees ator SEEDER eer na he Eig Strestan ee ° iene ‘Sr teoma Sm) = OV MTa, a=f=z Bay 2.001081 F iscnalend Unitas Stresees in meparacs 04) A clopnegezancescwei® [Tap of the cplinder Oya = 5835 Ty = -ERHIBG oe Se te inne See a7 Tepe pny | = So + VEY + Tey 2 7 Ton = etssamossese + Vonaber Tae 2 SI1Spsi~ 2907 psi m AEB pal J Bipettyert pe ay p= Flam 216005) = 1938 p05 tena Te = ~(BDLinIU2Dia) m -I08 pi en | Fecipd stmsees, Gao 2 2 (GS ae = BS SENS 2 fT Ceca? = bsonpsi ® 310 pi = IAGO rs OF = 78H pst See IS Sasios na Lin sBeomenoaeyt+ na. orsonp sacan ‘oomszP sacan 2502 FE AND N= 2.4 kN— mee espe Bin ge c= Feszps: . fr r -O |oi ve BT lero ant) Take 4 consecutive derivatives avd obtaws ve LET Fon &.(7-12): F=-ErvM a BE The load is a tr distributed load of maximum Ustewsity %, acting dhenard. i 4. Ente for fiom 5.00) and for L from HO oe CEN Eh 15) -Simyle_beam sith overhangs. g ie % % a a aac a va Fh whe Breau?) wie ~ Bo (ALK 8x7) ste Er aba) From Bp7-120): py aero Ft 3x) At 420: Ma 2fk= gd sah + fe Solve for hs be = Ea sith aL4t— XE 2Miamn X75 He), vm BE (ok siete tet 2°) be Ai = oem st Take 4 consecutive derwatives and obtain: = tees ore ECL) 2g ess] ete Few mpc ine)s $< Ste 1) Vwipeas Laieft Ta285 xt The load is a symmetrical, =e deksltaly Gals Me E= 30x10° psi distributed load oF maziman wiry fos |) 5a SE Aorta 3 ee O~2L, = 0.003870 rad wales” — eat [TDS © poe Hie [3-3] = 16,6181. = 1385 — CONT. L=25 am bels am #087 sn FL=44.4N Fiom 5g. (7-26): Sme= HE S44 mosey __ e-fe- BEX S108 X0.8Tamm PSI) E=5= 803 GR — 9.3-"T) simple beam (Uwiform load) MBE coh ta Hendy Lae é tL 232pL Sue O- = 05h ee She ~ EE a Substitute mumerical values + halz im Em 304008 psi 5-01 in T= 12,000 pai + > Sle bd ont Se HE at 4a e eto 2 £2 5h 50RD Si ak [ode sefictin’ S— er a pees w ona ona pn EE or Substitute b wo eC aCe <— Substitute momerical values : T= f000 psi L= TH = 84m, Far ISO Sh/ft = IZ Bin, Em lori0% Pak Smex = 0.680 in, Set = 2 : SE out spake Me, Sake ee h 8 prey Substitute numerical values: (P= 1080 in. = 90.0 ft <— Er eee et 3 — 8) clever beam (form load) 10% The deflection at the mapooit 13 almost as large as the masimuon deflection. (the masini difference 1s omy 2.6%) Eve Pins +c, BC veno _G=0 Erva ~2E +2 4c, BL, vio G0 eve PEal-n) vis - FR L-*) : Se=-uin= Be = - v= 2 Gave io ci at ew Ey’ M= MoCi-F) EL = Me(¥-H) + Cr ELV = MoE - FE) +GU+ Ce BC. v{o)=0 C220 wed qm Me va (22-aune) aie ~ gee (av? 61+ 3e") Set y'so and sive for %: com 10" Simple beam ( Coucovtmted toad). te LO) Sen QD (azb) bela Substitute % ito the eguatar for Vz San faze) = et Se. 3isC-1+ 88-40) “yerELv’=eM=~$e(L-xF Eva Brita Be veymo Ga ~BE Fre Seca Ber BE veo)=0 Ga Rit ve BE (oR-olxesice) es 3. yt win — Be (4 olin tax x?) fe=-viy= ie a a [EB=I3T Covtilever beam Cramgular load) "FE S=IST ple bean Couple Me) Eryt= Math® (osvsay Eve te +c, (ost sar Erv'e Ma tRie) @s SL) Ervm -M(iy-Z)+G (asXsl) BCR ee (Merge at Kea Can G4 Med Fron tg raxecs (os¥sa) Bcawoso, Gro Eve ~ tye. WE Pa xr MaKre (asesl} BOEVU)=0 Cam MeL Ca 4)- Gk Eryte M=—m(L-2) ELV=-m(ix- £)+G BS. vit0)=0 aso Era -m(E Byt+G BE vO)R0 Gao Ve BE (3L-2) va Bros) Se=-uu-we + Gen -V(L) =e + 4 ae Ra BL ¥ 4 ate" Erv'a M= 814-3 Erv= SE 8 +c, 2 Bo vijeo + Ge-tE Fre BE ig REY cy BCL woo = Gn vag ev 4) + bao - v= et 3 =F ctor bean COstrbated mmert)| "5 oo _ mat eo ae Era Mm Flan —§ (at aan %*) ae aL seat (os Ksa) BGAVIdE™ (ogr ot tar C= HEC at salt 3a?) v= ~ TE (eat-20%- 2-47) (os x30) 44 are — pe (sath sate 20K 1x17) casks) = viaje MeaCi-a)(2a-L) & ‘SLEL MeabCea-L) = TeSler + 2.3 =17] coilerer beam CRetial wuiform load) Exv'= -£(0%-ax%$)+G (os¥sa) BCEvw=0 a=0 ELvte M=0 cqevsl) ELV=@ (asxeL) BCU ete = (Mage ot Kea + Gn- rve-$ aie 28 eh yec, Coetea’ BOeVO)=0 G= at ELV =G%+G= -20L40, (asxsl) BCACV Ia = Veg ot Kaa 6-4 vm BE caaaven?) (oexsa) — v= -BB (4v-a) (asXsl) Sge- vit) = BS (41-0) + ze@ sam (Ril tian land) 1 CONT, Erte Ma -b(31-4%) va- Be tetoutee-L) Biv ~Bb(ax-2x+G (osxs-&) (exst) BE vY@=0 %:=0 &e=- vb) =. a + EruteMe~£atoex) Gsxsh) Brute ~-$(24-10%+ BG Chest) peat 7 otter beam uth a. contle Me BC Oe Cage at Xe Eves G. c= SE BCL Mem FLU M=M= 6, Etv~ -Bh¢ 28 2240, (osxsd) | EV Geo M+ 4% * BO2 vwmo A= Be wj=0 | Gao ; Bye SOE HE rea [Tet (sxe) BGS. vo)=0 G=0 BC (ate = Wage at = be vet <«— 2 node ana oe — ELE 91. by) << eer baat (ostse) Som vate (upward? <— fea-u(e = ee ze Spm VL) = tel (couterclockwise) @—| tom — sehice (1K 6410 EE BLL) EE fee. pee ee Sex Vil). gut <_ ELyM = -fe- $y sil ELV = 9) Oe + Cy 41 Simple beam (Fartial waform load). | rr y= (bP ain lh + C+ Ce Elut= Ma SIE - SE oss) BCL EIv=M ELVY)=0 Geo Eve ME OP 4c, (02%) lace ervur<0 Geo tute Me BE. Bie Ceeksl) | Etv'e a (Lp col + 5 Erut= Bk B32, c, Gesxsl) ELV = ~ Abt aE + OU Ce BC (a= (eget at La Re B.CZ vWo)=0 G0 8 QcG- Bot viljn0 Gao Erva HE 8% vanecs (os Ks $ BC. vill=0 Ga=0 Erys BE! - BP ox BE oc, (hexst) BC. ViL)=0 Cex -GL- BE Me BO Wht= (Vege at t= & ELUM pais wie — gBg(si 241%?» 160?) Q--vie SE (clockwise) <= xv = —Beex-2) +6 BCL ervey Erv%)=0 Ga PRL Eru'a- BLE) + thee BC2 eEry'=M ELVYL)=0 G= Bra BSE — Boye — Bats cy BCZ yoyeo G=0 Brum — Bye he ye RAE BEE 4 BC vo)-0 Gro aya -BSG (asians xt) S=- VIL) =. pee << ~via ~ Big (set 201 + olan ac4) Qa-vURn be qe 1sEL a4 = beam ith a parabolic | Eten Ge BE (iow CUE) Eves -2% (BLK 207) + Ge Erte Be (2x? %4)+ Gh 4 Ce 9.4-5 fo ELV = - 8 = ~G Gee FLU" =~ Fo( Bb) ain EE + Ci BOL eryMeV ExuML)=0 C= PRE Exut= G(Se} Ga GE + PELE + Cy Bo2 erv’eM Etu(=0 Ga~ mg, eral RE an 2a! T ,| Ev ~sr(Un- sx? ee eG CONT. 236 BOL Ervem ce See BCP erytieo C= RL Etv'=- Ze, sigtesixt-2%4)+ Cy B.C.S (Symmetry ) ELV'@)=0 C=O video Ga-8E BC4 +Y0)=0 4=0 [conT]7 CONT 61 Get bua= - UE) = SE Etv'= Sf scnece BCL Erytem Ervoy-O Ce=O Bol ervaso cH at mum BEE + kun --Bi 6 BLY oar BES vyojro G=o | , BoA vieo cs=--85 fet ox’ vege cutwolx art) <4 v= ~ ggg (1-20 we") Set weo: v2e2C-Ae) Smee Vm BE (2B + BIE = acces Blt gq EIv™e-Geo (ostsl) EIv“=C, losx4t) ELV" = GXtG, (osesl) BOL ervt=m Ervtoj-0 C=O ELT =-% (use sb) ELUW=-38+Cs (Lew 23h) BCZ erytey Erv~abjao erv'=-S2, 28% 1c, (Lens 3by BC EL Iag EEC ae ot Cook mee eres pee ee ae oe Ete BE 4 (osxeb) Eryn 82, 20 980% 4c, a L DoE (315— seve aiett va Bae svete aint et) Gosia 94-7 Ovechaging beam oh BOS ervem avo Ge ses) [con CON Cr hase (Wena Kok an oe Erv=- Be 6 Gx+ Gy BLE yoyeo G-0 BCL vyijmo for osesh Conde From Bg.Co) = Gute Eryn ~-Bit age oa 0%. cy @) los%sb) (1e%s 3) BEB vito for isxs3h Gn] vs BE) (osxel) <— va BEOe2-etenornten) | ' Gs%s3) ben - vb ao NE ge Oe ~ VG b= Be + Left-hand half (part Ac): 0< % Right-hand half Cpart C8): ss % t g— 9:59] Beam eaith a bracket oP A fi Tt Table G1, Case 4, aud Table @-2, Case Os. — BP GR ey ClOL- 2a) Cposttvee upward) + Cle the right) wy el A, “quer Cupwerd) = <¢— Po Er= 75 lorem P= 480" a EA = 700 kw L=a5m. Laea7sm. Haase Table Got, Care4 awd Table G2, Care? ken BE + Bee. text) =PECHE +qkeg) + Substitute sumerical values Sce= 2.1 mm + 8 o PLE=U cork team sath panbole loa a pia Ie gag Table G-t, Case 5 Com (SRE. — ake (aoe ="0EE <- San (henge, ae) (a Hm el SyorNatre)d Bo <_ 125 —I2Ts, % + Table G-2, Case 3 Oye Beat cea See cata? a=ghe(e- tate 4?) Snae= BOEY cast Una) > 4-0) BaF ES —4Lcbeax ie LOBPT aie Lab aden atch eae OFT Senge (51-2095) + -Quccrhasginig beam (0) Twhle,G-2. Cases + aud 7 Send -GaGrlno fa22 4— ® Table G-2. Case 43 Table G-t. Care 4 + Table G2, Case? Son — EE (on + BE + @atsezXoy=0 Fa seaeie + 9.5 —!4) sy metal ig em noes Cases 1 and 10 50-8 SE a & at SLO4er wwe ‘BL 10¢eL a b=P 25-18) ) Assume that powt B is ow a rigid support, in fesone C does not displace Table G-2, Case 1 ¢ P ge BE + Ob b= BE) (upward ) b b BE spoggpb= ae. (2) Assume that spring shortens COouwsard) Ren te -- a (2 Assume C sepese: cout ea Salhi) Bish” Cdosmmoard) 7 2 8 5 1) Deflection at C 2 A em +b) ~Be ae + Pb yb=-Be ka i+ fH B- 1 6 i BE + b- BE ee RP) +— 88~5.=LE (doumward ) Substitute mumertcal values: (2) Displacement ot E EI=o2! k-n® LeBom belSn Se Set 82 =-SPR + hm 28 tb/m <— asa 2.5 = 16] 5. r. 2 A) Assume B does not displace ip i 4 8 i 8 e Tut we CRS ye B= Pcanhcser) + 6,(24) Cae Go= PG) + ai hy) = gh (2Pe@) On OXON CHE = SE 5 age Sam Ol ry = dy 4Pr@) (2) Assume 8 desplaces e, 4P+Q= SEE 5, a) | T= tensile force w wire qTaSE 2 fen TD Swilarly, Sp= zh (40rP? =A lary, Som ze (40+ wa $inm a Pr4Q =-SEE 5, @ tay saat tk Sdlve Bgs. (4) aued (2): Condes re BREE AS) + ty Qa Fb) wy so Substitute mumerical values + Substitute numerical values: P= 240.86 A= 20010" tb See lS mn Spm lOmm L= 25m EL= 30m db-x* b= 10m. EL= 50x10 Nm® $0.22 i + Peé4ky OR 32ky — [2.5 —20 [2.5 =I7] Compound beam en Assune, 8 dogs sok deplace gp Pec Sm - Seer @) Assume B aris eee uae ab ae eee ea Title Gl, Gone 4 od ible G2, Cove Ts ade tt pee Sen “Sar = CExaehtate)= ©) Displacement af ¢ SB = Ex ger) =f Sem 8+ 8 = TE Sa Hiaric)t LO. BBP + em dearance Zac gu lCEL + ene 240| Beam with overhangs 25-2 ame | 2 goo ao ¢ &= AE ckp ~ 2E- =Byc8-D) ¢ ° PL ate b= 28 (30+ 6BL-2) Table G-2, Case t0 Oe" papi By AP: cit saa? a= bet 5 BRE a) = ae OE Tate G22. Case 4 b= Ss or ached iaaceF ace)-5=0 Sym + Pal BEE (an+3ay co) Solve omic Bead B= 2h— LE coie3a) ( §— She [ si2-24(0. 4030113] pe Bincipal diectios of a frame = ee + Rm Peet Rex Painct aS TER acts alove anf (To the ret) By wespection, the loads must be near the mapaod Be GE BE of the beam. “Thus, the rage of values for % Omansard) is baveh, fe acts alone. 5a! Cro the left) Tf Kae ork, the deflection at the mdpowt | &y" BE sore. i ees is 1 ra? aby]. Pe ond Saga Gist 4Gy +. c > wa ‘I+aaer a gel P et Sue Bie BEL onan) (To the rah] Heexct, ‘the deflection at ‘the midget 1s gem PKL 42") , PC ola 08] Syn BE 2 ABE ECan 8h) Cupuand “48Er Bec (tt erate) ciel dyectos si OF tor = Bm Be Ver fe asm Select, 0 Su _=3Rt Be _ ~3P cogs BPeaina _-3+ Bhan Or IRL~ 3240 eS (Leads ate symmetric) “SBR -3ee ~ 2Peael- SPA 2-3 ac Substitute y= 35 ity 2) Comet (2~ 3 Lame) — —3 + Btn j= @ Toth + 2 tank - 1 =O ile donk=-14 JF = 22.5" and -675" 4—| Bg(3) ts loge thay Ey.(2). CBlso, =U2.5" aud -1S75" ) 9.6 =U Cutlever boom with a znfoma lod. a z Frome, MO i Arte Table 4, Coe & Jf oe Brabolic. spanirel Caren Ai) on ey P Tale G1. Cod, Use — values. Sead the = Nae Leet SiGe eonQn BE (clockwise) <4 Qi= First moment of area Ar with respect to 8 Oe a (BEIGE) = Biz ae Cthese results agree with Cazes 4and 6, Table G-1). Use the moment —area Sig conventions (Page Bae Ant ee ye BE An acthe Hhe—- : Oram Germ A Gao Gath fe 2 (Restive chew couerclodend QnAK +AFem Hel PE Noo assume that Op is positive thew chekuise Jawad &@ Is positive whew dousward. The, CONT SQa BE (domed) <4 feE= pS to the om Cthese results agree ith Case 1 Table G1) uy Go-2T wn tamer oad | fe A ol eas t SB depee cave (0-3)| Doone Dy Cae & and aw Catieer Bobs Am ~senal erred asic St a lbe- Py ott ee x = bio | AL Ae Bh, bh hil Be Base 36)--F A= ked- 2, s (Gee= ser AcAvhrae 18 nate = An Be ee =06-Or~: Ono an BE Gebel) tf eo TB Cclockeise) = First momait of ea Ai sith respect 408) Q arieAre rhage 239" Qn Ar (BE Be &- pet m an rg Se= QB (Oommard) - (these vests agree tath Cae B, Tale G-L) est tt nce ad ket (ae ke Ye 6 p=38k L=8tt= 76 in. EI 2.25m107 tb-ia? Use the moment—area Sign case ts ge Sg= Fast monevt of areas uth respect to B Sem CERN) HEINE) C9Me-BPL) = - 2.443. ate Canes means douwward) Sen GREK) Cece) SCENES) = geq(Me-sPL)=-o 2TH (Maus means docimard ) Wow assume that doumard deflections are positive, Se= 0443. < [6 =I) Simple beam with 30 leads a A By a Retools R=200kv Letom E=2006R Tei.20%108 mont EL = 2400107 boven? isin M er gee A] & DN A= dB v5) gent A= CBP 2 sya RG emt hax ECD) 25) —-£25 loot, Pea B= Fst mar foes ety A ad 8 uth vespect “& Aon Meh 88 Figt move of aren boson en 48 Am Arm etek ath = A 6.667) + F cevemnsnste estm), = thDeh oot = O.OSB5T2 mn ae = aan = 000586 wad (clockwise) <— Ad.= First moment of area betweew A and B sth vespect 10 A = Ai 3333) + Aa (625m) + As(@.233m) a AieL bert goriel3 m GaAs, = 2ousiam = 0.00716 rad CCoutlerclockwise) Geo Also, Deflection at pot 6 (amb) from Bp(6): | yaghs ceutteoty-eix*) (hensl) cy Btu 25 a BCA Baar (Bhagr (Fem 6s Tod B) | VEO gives ya FCF-28)= asosiL Beg? Beef q— -2gHE | Substitute % ov Bp.) a sompify: Gn, Va ~ OE 1 Deflections of the beam (Fon Ege. 6.an!'2) | Sanr-the= A282 moons q— na Heser(tne- ut sae) |) LT BTS tenn Camtllorsd mets wsns$) x “wertia) Vo eer incase anasét) g_| ORM eles “Maumun deflectiov Cem 64.10). Tv e M a Bee (ears) fan v= Bee Slee Eryn 402 5c, tosxs $y t= 4 simple beam saith a rigid segmovt FIVE cy (gexel) a Baio ple | BC1_Covtonuty cancitioy for slopes at xa te 2s SES C= D-EGe , 8 c. nS a meet OO b& Bvt C+ GKtG (osu) un 2BE wsrsh) of ve PEP aye caret) va 3 snsk> BCR vioyxo = Gao @ 2 Bi BAS rete Mu Be BE apace MRO 2 Ge PEG @ Ervin BK BC, BCA Continuity Condition for deflection at ‘mS BCL a toa, m3 BER C= BEF BURG G Gn le Cha Ps he 3G @ Ervin Poe SHE SEB Ceevet) ca Solve Bes, C0), (2),(3), ad CA)? Enve Set me Se shew i Cm 3800 _ tse art = BEAD SE Bc, axel) | Cm 3B nT Geo Gn BEE IB.C2 -v(L=0 3 Ga -Bi ant [Stores ym 2P cata) (osx) Ev= 2 PP. spit S5rak BP ser, Ue — Ere lens? —aasitenean?) (sxsl) yenst) Yo a < cont] ica CONT. 246va ZR cnt 218) (osteh) o-rderntomoe nit se) (axel) Se -vCg) =: + aerEr la7=Clnacd Cotter M=-P% ETv's-Px roe eK? wed = Bla Sige hae See ae ve BOC ieabe BE Ee) “into ~£h alia ag Brite jBL2 wry-o = an fice) veBiglt- sigue 98 + ign crore + Fm fppeit C= Hd wm LB a BE) +6 [BCL y= + G= fi tt) AB PE bata] +P tpl -- Be From fee . Si Siig = hy + Backed THE v= Pc habe FELL + nC] ~RE K+ =Beisten* Ianli+0)- ZO] + Cy BC2 -wilmo & Ga PE rg-heou] ve Ponts 3a OE) <— Spe vio Bien (BLE ~s)=aoeas Pee <-| [277 ropered cantilever beam, HT=Bl nace covtoay bom. Me-px Etvta-Py Im dgceex? vein a) From Appenddax C= fiate= - Boe pues ve Leis] +6 = Bch uyeo + Ga—-aeRe Br b+ a ‘i eee Betas BE ag a) Bim Ar mr [eke Big + ee) += Phy) +g Beit shen HE}, BEZ vino 2G EES + LOU] on ite FE t+ CRE] + bev SELB gel oP Tela pn Bi Ma-ex EEv—-PY Tea (Lem Lo Staite 4-7 = FI spp boom (1 vn — is a Fon ws hap eee “waliewih= 2 Tah (uray (ossl) * ‘Si So — St Ely = M=$it— pa BL pT Oe ae ca a Jee we Erie ~ RUA ae #O= FER Ene on OO peat Edi) (OB sneaitsat oo Retcho) ete - oa Abo - si [cont [cont] 2479.7 -9 CONT. eB tier BC SEES aes pat erst vujeo + G=-ge ZE(exP ETA --fRu- El (osnel) = a= - won + From poi: MB en night EELEP —a1. Bours) B62 veoymo + Ge- EEE + DL) Substitute for G and simplify Clastiy: ve “agp ~LalieEN} (ost) Kn-uliyeSE (3-42) we @ mae ~12889) Ue = Beaudet Ub) Fon Table G22. Cae 41 va PE 3t-47) (08%s 9) Hen Brat) ee ge Uma Aeiae — ex] Bef + 83] beam wt (> Measure, % from the rahthed ed of the besm Men Unt mae AE hax -$r + {(b) From Table G-1, Case 1, Measure 2 from ‘the left-hand evel of the bean are BE (68-4109?) y- Bate alex?) BeBe oun ett) Un [EL (Se far BEC EY et erent Fe <4 +e Ke) WBxIS L= Gft= 72 im. Ure 16,000 psi E= 30x10" psi aaeow co ea R= aoss iN, Meee. th 21% Frag = Meee BC 2B * va u ea {480 AN TE 16,000 t OR abe ITT kth i@8 —4| Gwen: L, EL, & Cat medpoiwt) Find: U . vets q48 0-2) 83-38 ; Unf FEE SEL SEF EE ied Sn cure. weber alo de. Thue e Substitute % mto & (1): yn AGEL ite Subottule =H, abhtosk, ane qeEr ee © 5-NeR + Vel ER ade qe-2 8 Given: L, by h, Gee Fond * Ue F Mm Be og yal AE 5— $F Gace Mae Mech. Mae 2, Fa One Eb gu 1ST @Fiom A 40 Bs Ma — e: . a= fl ~ fide (Paha = From BtoC ! Mm Px Uses te (- PrP = Bie U-Uprte Ft cieay [CONT 248ag =5 CONT 52a Era 19.9 -2 e > OLa athe gun A= 3ft= 26w. pes) rae Wiosl cote Moni pgm BR T=53¢ a c= = 4.935 IN. un fae (eee - Er wee er EEF Faw = PRC pa Se e pat G La) - v=Bagpe Opa at ath | ae BE a jon Be Sate) a.a0ig ee=3T 1 ie Me ; 4 ") % ® we SS eee AB: Ma—Pax [iow asec Me betty Ue =f = ae *E Nea i = a(- Peay 2 a i: ae mc: M=-Px ada? earn att) Une [ab spot fet = Mace Tee Me U= Vyas Use =-22 (140) Um BE = ner ch Mepertsdax fen Mn tae g_ cape enn lag a4] a Ue Ups Ue (PAB GPLMAe 16M) _ et = Upe * Uc = GPLM A =Pe,. eee ee Gert * eer * Get + [a=71 “Tne sath bean AB dsc Part CB of the beams Pen heat Be Tortire beam Ujes= 2Ubs = Boe EE fan Strat CD» Axial force F=24EP Leow lve «+ Ung TELS ie (248 PF LIE) AEP = 2 Frome: Us Unca* Uso = fo @ AEF 5 ee ae ae Me Me= fictrtious moment rents | RAB AE RE % Segment AC efi cet MBB were ACRE Coane Se E an Bee te Cdockwise) — <-— e's ce: Macatee = Ses Evi [cont] FrCONT. _ & pte x=— Segrewt CB: Mega -Re (0s v<$) Segment AC! My=-ROx- BRK CBE 4 z et % Pe fictrtions lood AB=BC=CD= DE =F Ma BE - SEE (oss) B-% Tutegate from Ato C aod multiply by 2. Set P=O Se feapee = neal MA Picco CE = BET, 678L Su4er * 12 260Er Seat Dauserd) at + Pome Ic zt Pi ety Rew Pcuea) #2 =12 CONT! a a P10 = 1 Segment CD: Meo -SE-Px Set P=O =P Som JonSp ee =a ftw sbi bee ee Cae +a By cmax =o Set, ot 37st TeSEL * Bouse ~~ Case (osxs#) Fg.(9-98) Sac Bs (5st + 2h Ba) ‘Tera elastic beam, the shess O- is Proportional’ to the deflection 5. + Reet = Spee me (te BI Segment BC: Moca -BiedeSe CB- Box Tae aL ie ie Zt] Seqwent ABs Me=— PRE fen (osxe)| m, ¢ Segment OC: Mace Px MMB (osxsa)! “Gir 4 sagt ae 7 a tele cS ad ‘Streww evergy of the beam: ° ry ® Use| ee 4 (64.7800) he Seo bm gfe « SERGE [== = =Jeboedeyx + BGse- Height h is veyy lage. sete RN 2c Le rnenae E Ep Q95)* Smam Bh EE ua ‘a ‘tat For a Iwearly elastic beam, the stress 0 is - ee reertremt fo. deflection &. es Wm Se PEO. Pe en Se rg -12 ¢ e Crane ERE im A D CaaS Ee eel % EL aWer Peftetitious food ABR CDS BCH L = -2SL a Ro SE -E F For a rectungular bean , Ty = 3 @) Soest AB? Magn-3E Sito comreke Substitute (2) ond (3) orto a: an EE Ben-% (oexet) [CONT zr[210-3] [210-5 CONT L=6f—72m™. Wetscote hears. jUvits: Paws awd aches (2b an) > Ex sonotget Wee2i I=7s.3mt S=182™> | W=4o0t heosm L=l20i, Sun He = 20826! Fy. (4-94): Sma Sct (S2+2hSa} = 0.302 ow, Felahoaships behacew Oia al, Su: Gente ge Be 4 Gaagon SIZES oo 21,700 PSK -- Note: 65.(9-74) is valid for avy ype of livearly geste struchoe, wncluding & cantilever _ Vers 18.000 eck E= Bomo! pri Sean A — eto er (Ls et) = aoe 1B.000S_ 3S 120,000 ay Bh BOSD) Sh Sau e+ Substitute (2) aud (3) ito CO): @) 9. BS = 1+ CS {Required S=2fi+(1+Sbj*) 1 Simple beam exith squat rion. beam Cs cetio wt se Smac= Enli+(i* RY") (Bom Es. 7-74) For a lineardy clastic beam, the stress o is proportional "to the deflect &. + Ge Sen eure nN) 2 fen ee «] Tat beam wexas Wiox4s Wioxéo widxso WHxs3 Wiex3! Lightest beam is Wi4x53 Sabet oro Eps o Bind te (12 RELY Substitute mumerical values : Fret Tries 10M We2oky L=3m h= LO mm E=!2Gh Age gm 1+ Car Hat) After lg owl Squaring: 2500d°— a 45<9 (d=meters) ‘Solve numerically: — dam0.2804.m = 280.4 mn Tor minimum valve, rourdl upsard . sd= 28! mm ¢— [q10- ST a 1%. (-): See Ba *CSE+ hia or Se | + (14 Rhye Pra Tinearly. pee o Proportioval Ae he dfecian Rare a Sn te ie BR = o CONT. 9.10 -6 i From Rob 28-5 or Rob 29-3: Lea) a PRED Lele Qe lem Plan hen Ape 5 Ail @ 4) is Sad fin -ops of nen ashe ‘Structure , Snax = Ss (5h 7 thin} or 2h. fp 14 (1s ‘Stress 0 is proportional to deflectiov 8. 2 Bn 4 re @) Oin= Me Whee 2 Wtae ® Solve By.(2)-for hs bade (ay -2) Substitute Sic rom 5.0, Ge fom FC, ia atts Sibohtte ‘send vedas Fg 54): a WETSON Lagel2m E=t2G aseTaf (500 mn) ome 26672108 met = 266710 m+ Cigoe= 45 MR S=£ (S00 mm) C40 wom Fme 133,3 «10? ron? = 01333 2107 m h=(ao8l00m)(3.333)(3. 333-2) = 0. 360m losses due to the suddew stopping of the wr stone rotating flywhee|. kwetic exery of flrsheel = kE=dnu? Straw energy of, beam : va See apa —XCRTML-2) Aea-vt0) = ETD the mass of the beam avd all energy Mere GRIT ant ere | “Grontne cleckasise ) [Cont] Sma ~ ve) = EET) eT) + (Resctwe denned) _| [R= 2 cyever beam. wxth temperature diferent, Fe): tn BE LT) ving MD ; Het) MED x + ¢, BCL yojno va ED x vat TED OE) + G BO2 vorx0 = G=0 = CET)? wr cae + CPosttive vis upward) a= VL yn SUBD + . CPasctive courterclockwise ) Se=v(Ly= SECT. CRectve uptsard ) | Qrerhaaging beam with tempercatiae.| sitferential Fyn Hoo)! yt BY ACT) a Chis equator rs valid ‘for the extire length of the beam.) ao A: UE +c, arm ROBIN 5 cxe Ce G=0 BCL wWo)=0 + Gao Bek ye. cn - SCRE ra EOL) (Rate Vis upsord) | rot (oy-t) ai oh-%) =v Lea) = 2 EE (rza) + Positive Comterclockarre ~ ¢ Bem Lee) = ACEI LBL) CRositive veeards | I to distance ET be pro: (ody EO _ oe * (cont 253BCL woso 2 G@=0 BC? wy-=0 aG= RE ym = LT (2 392 v= -2B (038) Maximum deflection. veo Le 3K8=0 or e Ana Km "48h Sum the SEE (Rete downward — Env oF Cuarren 7 — re -2BE C42) (Posrtive vis upward )10.3-1 a ROPPED CANT T= APPLIED LonD SELECT My 4 THE REDUNDANT REACTION Renerion’s (rRom €@UILiBRWn) Rare Ww Rese BENDING Moment (rRon Equrersnwn) = Rye ry = BE Cxmus TE DIFFERENTIAL KaUATiONs zeta spate ak exo = (Eaux) > BE Bai A(e)-o Go eras (2 Se age ven Baz w(o)no tes wee REACTIONS (SEE Ea. 1 my ree eS nen ZE SNENR FORGE (PROM FAVIAARWR) Vaaae ae senowe monet (enon £0.2) m= FE Gx-0) guste (rnon £0.4) ten BEE (a-3%) peruecriow (enon fa. 8) BEG shale, eo a 6) — _ t 103-2 conte teehee eyenen St satan Touct wt pase Ve hy pte Elias) soit toca tec chi HE d-cux eo) sue ira wren Bee (e-nx rae) pessscryen (ener. ah aE (ea wt) = Seer | 2 zx a A Te [103-3 | caurn even Beam wire Inrose> DISPLACEMENT fe REACTIONS Crnors EouLgaiuA), Rees Tas Rel Dirrenennia. geuarions era sf e Eret avec, Brat se cerce re! Sewn + ex tes Era SON HQ Tee Hey @ o @ o © a 103-2 | FIXeD-EWD BERN (oMiFoRN Lond) SECRET Mia RE THE REDUNDAKT REACTION (ERON SYRNETAY pve eoUiLiORe Renan S= Men fvvous none (exon ceusienind Ms Raza rg Em ote ECKAP) pirrreterias SavaTibie een em ome ECR) PB) = 2 RE EGE) tee p(yno cute wy ued = 0 oe sre enmgn e EOE BEL (0) 80, exer Bez o con’ rer net soe dhaleo Bu tes Wr lee Sp ZG u rte cet equarions (8) a0 (0 cm Beg ee 2 SHERE pone (eas) eth 22 ve SEE movie) = SEE Beactiows (ees.\ ana) hen Raw SEE periear iow (idin'ta.sy wo o wa- BE) SLOPE (enon €0.2); pte BE aveed ass103-4 | BEAM WITH SPRING suppORT 10.3~6 | PROPPED CAT EVER BEAN PARABOLIC LOAD PreRENTine EQUATIONS. FRITENSITY OF UeTFORN LonD SQuuseAwn hen flake Pe w mie 8 wooo nee Be 8 SERS Ree 45 (E-Be)razea Z-Betabraxses Fe7DownWALD DISPLACEMENT OF FomT & exer =p (St - Bes) ted sa$ senna) sevowe morenT creon equuigawe) MaRex my we(iyao Gk tege Spey eo pees pet oet ccs Pat rh Rag SE Signe Leertastathe an “SOLVE fas. (c) Aww (1): ez ciplme — ¢, euean ronce (22.3) + ex (ed —notxs sox) Erm! = by Zany BE 0, ere = RE mye - AE teat act wero upt/ne aro ve Ber Milne 140 REACTIONS Ry “V(0)= 61 pAL/I20 _ Bes wr (Oansy 2 neasye gl BES oe WOE MRO a EVESTITUTE Ry AND My FROM ned mon eee ee ee eee ne ners, oS Ha PORNO S~ Ret = as a SUBSTITUTE POR Ry FROM Ea.) nwo souve: | REFLECTION CURVE (rRom ees) cua arn — Rey 0st et x es0t at) oO” seer ee as Ratan fogeeil fans rap ear care nTaal ~ EEE (re teeter) sewna taunts > FROM Tio 3-7] mneenene seam Gink seAP) purrenewnat eguari xe Saheim er exerts wap eB lin) © | paom exmneters RanRe Mans wept ov epee Bh 46, (a | Sinpenewrine CauaTions, erate BE sense, cy | FRONT es he Sw Fare a Ereet = SE rE te Eran ses yp crates Baas +6 a aan . pret ams BE sw Be sex te o ere + BE oe, ee B ee ee] e GB) weete-BMentrak rant whee sqntae wo ere BE ew TE re, ral rex ec, | whleyno 8 Ca Bel Flom syanerey, véee 56,0 pte) =0 BER wile o 2 cys ROS? mee neat peyo Bes wieieo 2 ceno Bet wiiino SOLVE Fas. (0) AnD (9) Zhe C oe ‘Suean wOkce (rer) suene ronce Cea.2 Tet oe fe vats pgavie St a va Be (arsoux res) - Apneys he ents Rerctions Revie) = SB = aevoie monewr (0.2 Ra=—vig™ BE “— “ers sae Peon ee ms pr (nr se 2) . my BE eee BE | myeoney = age manny BRE beriecrion cunve (PRON 4.5) peruecriow evave (raon £2.58) aA Pio iy TH REE, tel age RE BE SER) | eres Seo BoE, eee on on - aad ee eee prem Bee lalate ere) BE, (ese BE ered) use103-8 | EIKED=END Sean Garnveicnn cen) 10.3-9 cont. Fe Rl) Dinpenguria Equations er aps (I~ txwmave-p(x- EE) ee 0 e ceaet crete a(S - E)eax+a @ erat e-a(2- 2 ALOE tanres « eva aR Ee ete ts 7" Gav eisai - MUMERICAL VALUES F200 AB/PT Leer Hear Exzonieé rst Senne “Saxie. re2ns ime Tie nop! moans ne A= O.OANON Mat susstirvre: Tesweis + c Ryn blot © 002 Le we iA t mye Sate tes a go2 v x Cu [nes Po wane t xy RT ey oe Ke stad oe (14,590, wee10,4-10] NONPRISMATIC BEAM SELECT Rp AS REDUNDANT RELEASED STRUCTURE PEO, ow, te Ler = = wer Rs REE-DISPLACEMENT RELATIONS taon Phos. ea: suet (ieis FROM PROB. 17-2! Sy Rr nat 6) Downwans ErLecTion or EMS Due Toe (ay = vewaee perLecriow DUE TO Ry Ron PROB.AT-I> aa Brg(7) + (d= BE = anf OO ae : is ite e ten GE ete ae eye? Rae ge Rae TE mya Ray TES Woa=t | SEAM sUPrORTED YA Bean MPERAC TION PoRe® erween BEANS CE-pisr. cos, Ma | a, conrarisiit SUESTITUTE AND SOLVE: R (rues Mtaws pownwar) Mas Ral) re SER BEAM asc: 10.41% IMBEE-Sthn continuous sean SELEET Ry ano Be a: Aecvnpawre SYNNETAY awe Fevitismivn Re Mee ten Ste AELenses svaverune ref Fo tee teewme YOMGI-PUPLAGETMEUT RELatiows _ (o> S88 = - me Rye HH San (-Gdyze 2 Ree 4E omen aencriows FROR SYAPETRY AWS eQuILIBeLUn: Roa Rye UE _ if Raw te = 2H _ LOnowe, sHEAR-FoRce ane BENDING- MOMENT DIAGRAMS(nas APPS won o.4-13] BEAN ON A surrORT WiTH 5 GaP|I0.4- 14] FIXED- END BEAM T OND REAVINGS Te cose THE @Ar SESEEY Re ane mane nenonnawre Ec inowrose or oar Soewoive MOREMT WHEW $=p Mee ge ayy" “ fey a FRE tee # Bs Ae Sout AN Se aaer | Eavunrsawn i oe oes Ree-8e Mae Me Rat-m, t 4 D LEASED STEVeTURT AnD Fone! Rec Renge | MENRAEE Sm ee Rath as, case 2 p= sl. » Seu Zeers A Me 6 feran aaer Boose ° Get (yatta Grade BE = EEO » a va EASE 3 $>%e (SraTICnucr INDETERMINATE) Or). css SeLacT Ra ne REDUNDANT te RELEnSeD “SrRvcTune. nat "Fee + A (n= aEE os), = Ba? = Ger spuecfcrrn, 0, Ge), aN (oy Gy es A ean BEF rat _ = mss BE Gals = TPE conpamsiiey 5, =l5)~C6da 4 compress, + i (he), - (Saba + Ee), = on Felt Rei SEL Sexe SE- ee we 5B-S Ok ARgP Sete ane a) FQviMBRLUN, Ops Oe, Hl —(ons +2 Be een egtectoces OR Reh Brel e-te o SawRee Fe souve £93.00 ma (@)? ee, sere a mg = Rpt - te eee om yo - . Renn SRE ye Bey) Munenicne_vawwes ee] O48 ae wt ex wean to” uaeiet tates Rae SHS nye RE sant) prom Eas 25 AsO(X): $= 300 48/ot noe Srecim case ane = 240,080 Lenin. Srecian ease ones tle > = FoR $m: oy | Rano Rae SEE ryenrtgs te FOR $7 Me = 200,000~ 2005 o Y ane ErrySipe WALL OF B FLUE 1eaaie Gone seueer Ry as REDwae mw rom ramsey £035.81 Goya Ble + Bee lone Seles = fe p< Gh? ser gomenrimiesty JanGe-(2o = Re UR Sexipie monet Fine My Eo Rok = Bee (aed asat ssa?) Yunenican vauves aesom Lesom sets n. S. Aa worn oF sean ers owe et re Lowen Sean gonranpuiry 5 15 set oe oP. ptt Seats ~ Seer" ere 4 Fe yeree ROWER BEnm M, ™ PO ee ° . Net. Cron ~ Fu. = Uae = SEE _— MUMERICAL VALUES Cra dene = 608 bier <— Madar #80 dim BEANS JOINED BY A HANGER se tf moss d ox T= 509 re] 3aeeE ~ Sarr Cont. bat Yee wafer? waoren wind | PTE A Awl peessune pare pephoreb Soroisartsot)=iness — We4eI7 Fa TENSILE FORCE IW HANGER SELECT FAS REDUNDANT Soxins erat Lrerr = aim En ek oh rey wreente {Fe deers Leto rr ano i rot psi secagoen nt A= eoveaTion of me 10.4 =e] Two BEANS THAT cross © courineven sean AB re A 8 OG). = FER Fy pete @ noweee ne a) s DOWNWARD DEFLECTION BUE TOF +F eae 7 eeeF (Say = vPwanD DERLEC TION DUE To F a me ™ 4eEr Sra = Gade te = Set (raat, anim) CONT. zea104-17 CONT. @ sean vee bys 20 Rr = 240 m $F 400.8/er = 34.333 LB/iw. Ga Ls xt Par + tr opirdeo. a 4 iw X12 tw. (omen) Ha J e/a Tye sis20 wt oy Fu (s* teste ~ S23 im, — 462.34 x OMPATIBILITY Gy) + 4 = ds lanec x10 F +8: “ = 2.30T senza note Fw stco ue _— © Max monews wns Mag PL, = (2100 we)(e #7) Stee terre Ree S2- Ee zqroce 2a20 v 1580 Ga) %e6.050 Fr oz tm1s60 -2420 a maR,x- 2 ogirwve noneve =O Ry $xKo ye Be Maxinwnt resirive nonest = (zen, = BE maxinun Neéprve moneyr = =k Me CN ga = Bab Ee Bevoing momenr LocaTion OF MAxtnu 10.4 FOR THE FRAELEET MuaxInoN nomewrs Hu] = [Me] of meme cont SE ene Foust ok cae TFs Rhy the 2420 Rew BEL (eevt) DOWNWARD DEFLECTION OF Sam Go, = HE ~ BR = Bon DOWNWARD DIZELACEMERTOR SPRING Won = ee BE cave conparigiuiry (5), * (Sea owve FOR AS go $BEE Cy we) = eaes SE _ 104-19] ERA wi surrey cont. | Seuecr Xi ms REDUNDANT EQUILIERWM YRVa yeh My=PL/2 ~VeL. RELEASED STRUCTURE AMD FORCE-DISPL fa: wed ‘eer Gh =Cae- . EE fo Gas he 2 aud , Gor= lone KE ee compariauiry Gh = de sossrituTe FOR (4), mO(S,)4 AND soLve nr meee ae Renctiows ayy sevews noneers 3 .. # sf ps a $a : i Fhe an ta iS pase . we gee a Mamet Be a i104-20] ERAME AGC WITH PINNED SUPPORTS 10.4 - 21 CONT. 10.4 -22 CONT. SeLrcT \. ns REDUNDANT Eevuismun yey Me Ry Kee REVERSED sraverote Avo ronce: fg he Ss. wet wy, a oi io = af Te FF Ge denne +B > =e OOO Ee — Or eer OD eer = Fe + BE wrwans) 1 sonearieuire Gy) (ee 2 Be SORETITUTE mae souve: Seaer puke tet, neo Gaeeesae) 3 * en Mea ob ter Ate BE (wowpimewsionat) <— Oa) = 8 35 * nye t (208tUd _ Gg" ODL + Fe BE we GEE) conparieiury SRO RESRBRIY 4 0: GG. £2 wash < Peo (Se) _ # . eanar 1 _ E(e. _ iO.4- 21] ~ aiumémcae varves ~~ ~~ * Lteut® A= 62,500 L/w. teserrang im Pagcoo ue AL ee Rye 200018 Rao _ —| vse as) al ‘REAR ow THaee sraince To sc00) . 144000 a é ae) 9 TX a *é kh toluh a G wap e oa-82] — NUménicat vases Re Re Re A sca Ere x08 WM A= 43,750 2107 NY SELECT Ra ns REDUNDANT ts hean Peavkn setluibenn Ate Ak sae RgzMskn neinaet srascrvee sus ronctcsutns cas, | MTS KN Rex -RORM - > * = £ be 3 nny ee = = om oc4 20 fae fe OT ae nce + = " a Woe G60), =¢ [toa 26) + LOREEN OH) 9 A (enses, rane 2) ita yee Ge fee HEE (eownwnes) eeu ier104-23] FIXED=END BEAN Ra Rom Exanpee 19-4, €8.(10~-258): aay a FOR TNE PARTIAL UNIFORM LOAD (dxn2ext ea? ade $ fae ue, at ee —— Bud xt [Ena Fan one suasriturion= +k oe oo en (oor) Gi) oRarn oF ED-Fe none Gree) te () SPECIAL CASE aabel/s rented v Yo F ol + & nk, e 7D fis 3 & & il, ‘BEAM surroRTED By PieTows [x ®& et ty my Ole PAY Me $x Sevoive tomer m= R_x- £2 Lecanow of maximum resize nonee Hive mpeeo m= nisSinun rosrive nonest m= = 2 12 (eax, = SF Maginon weearwe moneur mee, se = RL 7 Bat FOR THE srnmLesy mpXinoN menenT: [mts as IMef on mye eme Sane SOLVE FOR Bat Ra BLUE i) Rye Re = Rew zge (2-08) apse renee e(Ze) raw) SE ae avers GA agg Ve a. AE (-2ve) = doesn ot G2) DIFFERENCE IW ELEVATION AReTAY, _ (ERM WAS ZERO SLOTE ATC. 5 Rae He (EH) oC e lierenewe we Mabe—b—at “ my gt tt Sa= HE dee = Se (ove -) = 6.01307 gtt/ex POT CIS @mLow Po.UTs A AND & BY THe AnOUNT e.olser git /ez, _ Reejas-2s | revssee bean Bean | ae Pero eis ieee ie dia ie See Frcompagssive ronce w ster S€LecT F me REDUNDANT. TRTEWSILE FORCE wwe TIE RODS (Sq), = DowawaRD DEPLETION OF PowT c y= 0-7) SuasTiTUTe wuMERenL vaLugs: UNITS: LB ine ELS) = WEIS CP- = ast wt Teas Tie noes, F A e 2, a Bie DisREeAKD sHosrene oF staUT., (a)y = DOWNWARD DISPLACEMENT OFC KQuiLisaiun oF sour ps - + + A Shaw teat Meger Bem arama re ceo = TE aoe Snes ELoweArion OF THE ROD So" EAT Chet (none ret EAT Bhan (somaniGitz) + dy (aonee) Germ) wteso DIEPLACENENT DingRent Pe Se 5B a (See Se S|], elihadensonurr stone F e conpariauiry —(K), = (5, 339 x (0%= 766,45 F = 1912.8 F [is-4-26] pixeo-ene BEAT (TRAPEEOIDAL CORD] 4 y bys, ay Cis at My Me fb. + R, Re Peon svameray avo eaviisgion My Me Rpm Ry = SBE SELECT My AND My NE_REDUNDANTS SESECT My AND My AE REBUNDANTS RELEASED STRUCTURE with APPLIED LOAD fe 4 Sn), = (%), Ga, 3, CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING BEAT) FROM CASE 6, TABLE G-2t xP PEx rim * wok * Px(em Mee nT ae PH ay COWSIDER THE LonD P Ag AN ELEMENT oF THE DISTRIBUTED Lond. REPLACE Pf BY @dx, WHERE sete xenon o re us the FROM L/s Te 1/2 (nds = eg J AB Kn ax a + aly, Poel ax BAe mR ane twaeet +ieaer * nner ae shag [ABE coca aeryee 4 ie >. » + tar Jo pecan nae eet ket et * Tee0er * aoneet > Goatees RELEASED sraveruRE wim Repunpayrs & - % Feecives sax, f= 8020.8 «| os Cae, Oh (de GQ MAXinUM SENDING STAESS tw BEAN Ms x s Masts Wipena S228 op = rag /S FROM case 10, TABLE 6-22 eon EME ow vasaniot Lene a= Bae an tat ws ae oe . — | comramoiiry TENSE STRESS 1 THE noes ras F524 1s Ane ~ on = C=C 5 a koma = 2624 uk An AO tn aa _ nat ge ee50 psi < | seer atte GRE cone 367| gomenriaieity 10.4- 26 Cont, DEFLECTION AT THE mu Maeinun sevpive mongnT isnt Sam = HERES = 00891 mn 12 EAM wit VERMA Mau Sana = Sam Seats ~ SBE vguse faeey es) ENDING MOMENT AY THE morONT Hes Raf) My = BE - BE Prey apt amet ss ~ABG)- SRE Mar Me 5 Mang = Ply ES Munememt vaues. Lezoonn pen ieKn/n sree ore. = tae sneer 356 Fame PAE ne me i Fane tt BECAUSE THE BEAN Is Symeraic, me Shere ag aureaae © (fa Bese: eS Senect Rp as eat a ne Re BeLEnsee sravervss Sax lie)- Gre SUBSTITUTE AND ‘ Bowe nek Ret Ry= (ait eeu ree") BENDINE-nonenT pingRAn cd x a 2 Van L od cont. posiriwe Monewr my asxe cea) V=Re-gx my SET Vso AMD soLve suaaTiture rok By Mem mb Sinners es (At 20 sacar) EV EIOWm. FORD! Monewrs (wowpin =e) 38) wre pein * mM ne > GRAPH OF BENDING MOMENTS Vensus astt tel ae ° to = THE BEAN HAS TE WUMERICALLY SMALLEST BENDING MOMENT WHEN =My=—Me. eee) =e 28) SOLVE FoR a4: ter Rete Ree o yer 0.40820 Fry1o.5=1 UNIFORM TEMPERATURE GRANGE BEAR with TENPERATURE AT = DECREASE I TEntERaToRE USE NeTHoD OF suPERPOSITION. SELECT TENSILE FORCE 5 1M THE CELE RS RESUNOANT. DIFFERENTIAL seutnery SravervEee aan Zs ronenr age a 8 OF inf aria nm Yow casce Awcaoss~ On ext Ra le-n) + MEME. SeeTiown. . AREA EIN! Ral Re (Zt) + EDs pe, arm t), Coownwnts) Be wiedno 220 sem th) = See ex ar = Rat(Z)- Ral Zi) + EECEND py 6, came (kj, = «Har)- SH (ownwans) | Baz wlojso suer(Ro) conprnipiity (= (Wa Bas wi)n0 a ia Se a tary= SH From equi Baum: a fgeoRas SEER) — Souve FoR S: Aserauacsr) eee ERE gwer (non) Ae + a8EH Mam Rok. Mn tk Tos=2 | Bian wire TEMPERATURE Toes4) BEAN with renresarvar PeaeNTine Sirrexeu rine a Ay 5 se Me netHOD non ate Use ME METHOD C= or surearoairion = ‘om surenroatmon| seurer My as ReDuwpau aevensty sraveture AELEASED sraveTuRe suns) asim Ons EE ER fencers) Geren me Froe. on 5 Guia = SBE Ceounrencrocewnse) gomearisiuire — 4), = CO) LCT) Mah ~Sker(e) 4 “GEO Te ARE cavinisaiun EM gO REO ee lay Rae _ 2kL Eee tO Re=-Rr Rye = SEE(RAT) ee TR secret Re ne REDUNDANT. FRom PROS, Hi te (gy HU ‘eorwane) (eremed) COMPATIBLE, B45.) 20 34 (he <7) Ree a _ saer(n-n Rew = SSE _ from tau Re Ba 2t (7%) Ree Ree -S — man 2E age 2EEECET tL terTag=s ] BEAR With FERPERATURE. DIFFERENT: + sliztpe ¢ x . “fe = oT eey gen ES Ra Re Re £a.(10- 42): L(y x= HE Dipregewtine EQuaTION (6a. 10-214) ca. connry we Sah e BtEA exe a mt ¢ SEECRCT) ca.(io-tey gate SEE — ror convemence, ver @= SEPEED cy w ay ee Auunuivn nevoe wo] Wen ionset rst equ anernnet(E)" (rs) an (gest) fat THE Axia eRe, Seehetree = ene incnenses ELA = Ry 2V2 +9x +S & leim|ise| oe hs THE DeRLecno ve ae Te * Ky cen] 7 INCREMEES. Frm = Rawle eeRVET eR tee (a) Ber weno -stne 10,6-2 | BEAM with uNiFoam Lone Bc Mino Rhee a-spL ) ee, Bon Asneiexr of paar sc or THe sem (L4 x4 3U/t) nfs #8 Me Raw + Ra (Zt) . Fron equictemun, Ra=-3Ry oe 2 ae r CASES, TABLE 6-2 EWS MEG = ERO ESR TE eae wn ghee (2 et 4?) EEA! == R axe + 3ReLK PR HSS | enn ater CP oF) dig EEA = Ry IS SSR LATOR GX tCy | €a.(io-ns)s An EL EE) aK = BES Bad wlro | (a scnoine graces hn? HSL teased) Mane eet Bat mr (3012) ean BRE MS A MRE ene LEecge—ted | ETE er coyrivusry coxpirion ar 8 (2) imnovnsue surroars (Er Nyy CEE Me WT RRL + pron 95. (3) AND OO) ” ~—sooy 4 Rn Cla) # OL He, =~ Ral HaRQl HEL HES -~}—_+—_+f sewve susciitoy basen | eeeatin nates uve £48. (8), (9), 69, ave (0) F i ope ~ gaecteah cates genta gheer BAL ~ | ay suneniene vas yp e2eKx/n MSOF C= ARs CyRO Cem ZBL CyE-3BU/A| ogy Lmscomy Ear00ePe TasexIO Mn Pron cae): Rem TASER) | ascone ne Gette mre tee Pron Equinisatun Ge One me Rowan, a ~ SEE) 4 | rie sewoine sraess 15 mven Lance. * “THAN THE AXIAL TENSILE STRESS DOE To "Converse EHoRTEWine = END OF CHAPTER Io 270ou M=Pee a zmyeo #01) -p.0=0 fans EMAN2, SLE mae ma at 1. Me Meo 6 off) ote Me= bq Go) EMjno My er.-re(e)ao me Pp En (20) + Bao = oe « Pega SE MACRO a= 0, (Q-8) Emeo myn + (BE) 0 On(0-0)- Sewe ree Oy: a= (2- Fe) o Comawe £05.60) 0 (al (eu -opaley) + 46n =o Sou FOR THE LOWER VALE OF FL: PL= (3-7) pg Ran (one)-t “ee sons 8 W2-ST 5 a EMs0 HL-Gen0 x , a nstee i ic ot rm, =o P(aS +e,$)- 6.5 =0 @ an G-), 6 = Bn2 EM so thaws mae mane me alsa G) + = 0, -% Seame nr 8: mis ee (2-8) =e 24-4) Same ay c: a= Pn (s+) r = Bx (201-8) zMn0 M,-e(S)a0 Fx (203-8) ~ “S83 =O sowe ren 8 en(eae a emt -n, se(4b)x0 ~ Fa (20,-8,)+ G8, $0 suis Fen Te = GB. Eerie Caps) Ws hae Sakon (0-216, (9d +116F =o. Sead toh, soe Leth eae OF PE PL= 3en Raw ee More: Fon TMS vause OF F, WE DB THM 8322), O.=0.n3=T W 8x35 coLuMN WITH PUES SUPPORTS. Lewsrrs 288m Ta iat €=30 x 10% pst Te sze ms Asia Me (a) pvexeme asour srRows Axis Pepe ER ow 453 Ke = (Aeventine ABour WEAK maxis Eee sen Rat oe 5% wore: few TR Sew riew (8 SATISPAETORY IF G2 44 KSI n3-5 FOR cownw ed: evento on Laaent Lene o, nee ree cate ot Prue t= EEE war. ros couarse 13-2 W 10x60 cowmN wiTh PINNED SUPPORTS Lesorrs 360m, €= 302108 es 5 Ae u sarc ory s ne wt (A) BvEKLIWG ABOUT STRONG AXIS Rew ae es wHew Renew me carnent ZT te] tone. Pen Few Emre Sn Pm Adint cOnPRESSIVE FORCE 10 THE BAR fa.(2-17) OF cHarreR 2: P=EAR(AT) ron suexuine: P= Raa SEE wz Cy evenune asour weak Anis ars aa = BEB e rese yas ra z Fem on” Teme f SOwTiow 15 SATISTACTORY IF Gi 2 44 KSI mae wore: qe = 44 ust PINNED SUPPORTS = 30x 108 Pst The 53.4 we T=24s et Aw i33 int a 3 tee Eaton = sesoK = fom hay 459% Nore: aye Rt = SOK wan st Sowriow tn SATISFACTORY UF G2 44 KEL N33 | wioxas come with Ese ne naws Le LeNsre (eh noes_nor wioereanentay SEQ nef Fine STE OO ae — Fee nea has apemam seek Etwtacte of me cases seonow. Becaie mene ARE THREE CIFFERENT CEOTTROIDAL aes oF SYMMETRY, mul CENTRONONL ARES WS= 4 FOR couvmn ¢! Eerogere Lowen tesonn nore = 520.8 no? nn* wer = he is0.6 ww fas Rpusee FoR Bean Ace: = S28 DRE PRINCIPAL BREE AND ALL CENTAOIOAL onenrs oF INERTIA ARE EQUAL. (see Seeriot 12.9) ron Gee 9, m7 resem rety= Ee afte wee ter | uwtent Res "ae Nore: Jowiws THE Reps WEREASES ‘me cAITICAL LOAD BY A FACTOR or 3.07, ParaTh3=10] 61, aw A nae rae Fane. 13-14] hotcew Tee CE ohiney = se ERT2 She Lets kaso mn (ovreoy) e Pee kM ne ao Fieve rmeuwens & Wcincue case 9, Arreworx D Rin DPasow = 10(iB KM) = 36 1M ae ye te A wer + Top Ase + ree SEE tewtet (a) Savane casi UNITS: MEWTONS mi METERS ree a (26,080 ny(s.0 n= wae ie w/e) {3) Favicarena TRIANGLE CASES Ts eg x10 y ze re [dt 4-20)" re y- 4 Fe ldt -e-a89"] Ba (d= nt) = 9.3438 21 a 1208] aa aayt = (ooso mates ett se eae dant = oon m= Anas mint DEAE mH Fy eh i a Th3- ] WIOK4S Em aOKIO Fs Sn goa? carer [USE Ternar erin Bucuiime psovr ARE 11 es Be tes ot eesti 5 exns P= saeiue Pax ER sass x x * cay LD teranrene Succie ABOUT AMS Bt i aes ga~ TES ow ssns x yuh ke worms) de nom = Tes 4518 i® fa, 384% . Fame RS EEE nee tae B EE ease MSR S45 Re RIE aie 13-16] Ex2o0erm Len Pye Aae so nm dys 40 am 100 nn fee mn de Letom marae at Pte afr c= E(at-d?) a ca ar _ rents «10% ant RST rae mee te on site (are c): fa | wer Lners7SO mn Lyct AT Gane SWE Sine aia eae doors Be Paar aces? 7 (Calon = EE wa em (idee EE = 01 wm da 27sin, dys 22s im eo Moir ee 7 A ce arniot rs nano ai TFpoua™@ fs of Reg sw 36" 20 © (4¢ a" + ERees2O Fig Corse’ Pye costs"=We0 r= (at -at) = sae me a 50 ae Sowe sae Tio eduprions: Re wtex Frum # BE EEE wana x WUT, wat 3008 Fe Men = 11260 (Reales = 203 40 Wen= tn004(fa)gc = E47 KN Wen = 203 KN Gomnore AB svexces) Jowre + Fama 20 ~P+T oes 22} Baser ow ai Thee tO Tswa- Zao, Souve ron Wi Wa 2P TAN Woane = 2 San Tat = 22D K BrsED on 8} raryWS=I7] rganework ABCD with star As [IL3718 CONT: Were. be 4s we. GRAPH OF Lonp P veRsvs awe. Srv Enso nwt re ner Ae nom deram re (df -49) = 0.27010 mt TMawace Bop Taneve Op = ANOLE Toe ee ele, OT BEF asneat Leno or save AB ne zr | Per wz Ren Accounts conn (2) PNAS ers UAReEST VaLUE wit aoc sae eK Gee rum 8es)| on cortpecer em anp swe - 1 oho ()- SE re om ceria Gy cnncrmu(cor™—) a Ko Tomlin)” 2GE HPA | Cy @ecot O.e ingat a seaeratH wees < - WA Tense woe [Sth Eqncieawn wr some Bt ne) Foc * Gu S oy we zece we epee Sous cincvian ong: » Gm) os so 4s 100 Smmcesr nwewnsee vawe of H. Ser We200016 Awe sows FoR H. Mane 9 Hye 286 I ouie W3-18] Thess ABC wiTh Loan P aad Cetasiete or dere Bi weeier or star = We = FALge= vag) neztere Rape | zr fw Walk ROR TRIANGLE ABC an save) = aiteyere bap borne Lees Law 6 wa Savriene conse * Oy = AMGLE FOR reer | wer nivinun werent] Galas oot Fee Fen rtnars Bae pees wevenn, Caden 1 FEE = SESE 2 Sate con eyere Ge Pate of 67 Ven rani. Mnsanun conn P easen urow ann AS Crake. EE, fias-cos® “Teepe 0) evens) =0 +swie= costo MAXinUA Lond P SAEED vrow BAR EC 4, natitiend wane foc (Fach «EEE A CONT. aTe4-1] AWrinum pire cownw A660 demo m Exigsen xsi Ta Peds -4)= szaamt Leos er rae aie Ee rr — tae Ewa tae BEE ane F (yexer-rces Qo ATEEs asen a a2 J sree rire cownw eaainn aljesenn owner re Ee(db-ayeasateinn® Laura Crnnertontty t= TEE 2 48 ee [ts=S T wens taerawem Ee 30 x10? KS . Fs 76.3 nt near Anis tot (einen: er ARIS 202 (rinto=ruees) nw SORE Sion BucKLine ABoUr AXIS IH ooveans. as40mn d\s3onn rR (el-4s)= 65; SUCKLING I THE PLANE OF ere ee Bie oak Eee coy a mE DYKE“ FREE Pyee™ (aeixeo- ramen, Psew= ricer rote p= EBs a WA=4] wioxeo wide-Fuanse couunw Leas r= 300m Es tonict rs few nares The W)ewwep- piven Rye t= EEE Wruco-rase fe EE anak carixen-riien, § = BOERS ane nxer-mxes B* ATE wre Kk = wer Te revsive ronce (arimes-ence Qe EEE s 00 uw +— secence fax Gp = 100 NA CABLE zoserter Sdercer= rane Ry = MEE os Kw ss a oo nests = AEE ist (emesmnes Uq= ASE a ise Relate eS 14-3] winxe7 wivecriawer coum Truce = Bee (EE) = 181 ewe Esenwt rn Cezerra seem TEGa penn surronres or ive coumi Rees Tye aes mt J eStind 8B Enso nioh rs Kase ww Demver-rwee thugs Ew EEE | seoatem, tHe nocorene me (A) minximun vawwe OF Gen Rinw ROSTER Greeis Essoxitrs Lsasim re waco. Fiessce Sou ce Ae o.cae im wer c Peas EQS 7840 Le Born cowwnws BucKee Pye 2628818 Rye ERO Beam fat Re IMULTAME OUSLY, sy a150 8 Tig On lad= Ge (ao ms) an OSL 4000) aii, Gasete + 1854 aeRea Pex? (2) veres eno 15 rixeD (Qurren ene 1s ree (Aurren eno 1s ever, ar prim cos de + “ft ‘ een ne acne He Laan <2 Aastoomm poe (gt ate tesenio? ee omy E™ ga (dt ar) = eee: +) ome ( veren-enp wep Rye SEBEL sane ew SRTET a sas xn <— ost s 3eKn + Be. a(0)eo ac (ro Th4-8] fire coun = 210 GFA Th4=1] | cownw win fuastie surrone Ops ANGLE OF ROTATION AT Urrer END Mg =a % enpno Heats eretemans-te dede ete die fie pone, sud req cose + M28 x bub awa fae tL ar SIF = FEO dosem se 4 BUCKLED moDE SHAPE: aT xet/2, weS= BO Fela (4.5- 20)" 281 IL (as-2t)) = tener qe nat sause Suet oore me am fy al WARIO] eratemenste Hear | gc. w(olno Car De wit Ren ne. w'(o}=0 wee, wx +eycosdxe te | nc. yes prim c,heosdex Ck sinh + HS fina -4 | Avvmiwum TUBE (rixeo-Pinwes) era enunrelr: me, WE ot Taig Bee ks! Uslorreizow. mets Me ara ae Acasa Qe asm nat er ¢ 2) re E-(dt at) = Z fens wyt-casw.-2ty'] | Gy cerricae Loap rom Ban 3Or/e }a. SAL corbe-t)- (4) #0 Ems0 @ ea oN soe wunemienue: AL wannes tr QassK Paton oe dire aon Pay = = EERIE Th4=12] COLUMN with FunsTic SUPPORT *( Hat = P(Smar)~ AS (L-%) 7 ou w 208600.500 48) E le erertr Pfam qesygeo wi) rl sane sowe won tr r= izes int a wt etter = Ea( peu rps) prac, smkn teres kx tile ered a+) =o o 2+ 5(Ep ao @ EGtwAL +e. 20 ae mle)no Gan te Rom ca.(s): Gye =C, taht nc. w'()=0 ¢,20 svestirers Cw £00): =5(1-S>)cor AL wa FE (i-cos Ax) SUBSTITUTE C, w €@.(2) AND RERRRAMGE Be. wiij=0 1 -coskiwo BucKLING EQUATION: coshLat SE p 2 SHEE cost) = Si He Oat ae Pain Tee" BweKLine EQUATION: BE (rake ki) +(hyF =o 4 aE ()envrica Leno ror Ge zET/? 2lraw kt ~ kt) + Chu! sowe wumtaicnuurs ALe zone Rape Aten =(At)" £E = 070 FE 2 weTLS =1 ] COLUMN with eccewrare LOADS (See ts. 11-23) EA.GI-49)! pn e(ron Bh sm hx +605 de mz Pe-Par = pe (raw AE sm kx +c054x) FOR Paor3 Rent ns): Ave fe = nfes = wae 2.0) a (sim se tcos us <— fi wa emo oo no 1533 a , e os .o t cau-s4): $= e[sec(EVE)-i] eesmn Les.em E2206 Tegometmn® eter tes Ream Se = sat pee Fa s(sec comsoyF i) FT NM sowe ron Ppa seselancees(Ep)]* 5 Crm) WS-3_] tono-percecriow piaanans cadres: Se e[see(LYE)-\) 20.201, Leisain, Ewsonirs: Ie2u7 mt ser e210 Gre ys Swe(see TLS-A | SAR with Savane caoss secriew Assomn L=th PacoKN ex25Hn = 520.8108 int & AEA) seer ne ee ThS-5 [eR wit © Ae eoin, Reon. Fx 2800 LD Gros ECTANGULAR CRO#S. See Fion iesow. — ¢ im, E210 x 10% FS) 1110 Lew | Rego SEF = an0,s00 REARRANGE AND 23 (0,00 3216yF) .0032169F" = 0.3426 Racor 1,300 48 = WS 6] Wexis Es 24000K8) LE SOFT = ESOIN. Syagg O.25 1H [WnS=2_] venpsperiection vingnan | E~*8°%* oe BURL ose un e a(n: Fee[sec(EFE )-1] ans m2 nose wn [sec (ovosnefF)= i] eure ‘sais L.5=7 | Teletnt ef = Sake Pozen po . abe “AaVE ~acoes2e nf} caus): § %.31680) @ susstituTs wre €a.(i): eing Fag = saes[ty nese see (oaren]] if Paton = 148 « wien : ec | dy masimun senor Fan F GmveaR wine. gE ed SoLve adi) FOR THE LEWere Ls peessve s7Ress ventos reece Le 2fFE anceos ES] o exo.s1 ns3P Sf=Li0s0 Fm svsrirure wre ead | ca sexs nano RenPsisoK telee = use rase[ieuiese see(orisii)) 6] Sypenruore a tone me op Fon peg? Fan = 2fEF anecos | Prleesay] acho, vie = YE acces [ele ae bnae 2126 FT . 10 zoTee=10 Te FEL Sa (10 rr) wtp eT 2 216 ine Elgosuixsr en tes Aa logue 'teneane ine x= : ate Ee aise me enter be penotent aed fa) maxinun compressive srenss SECAMT FORMULA (Ea. 1-59): Soa Elie SE eee (SVE) pasox Lnasesxs Wexss coLumw (FIXED: FREE) EVE, Age2.08 ine Em RA000 KSI Exthom eat gn acest Groene eaivid: (4), VERE wre pentachos | aeckeodsi Le Riapie cece tvs Aeiwem! oremecaime — deisacm pale ae gain r ie FF eo Fr 2 Seog 7 Le 44.58 | 18.2 ee zescom. Su o.co2 Ty (ea.u-74) [18a] pace Evwzees: SE wasres ma eared | — | = Kann /G eaniveijommsfoasar| - | - (a) ainon conraessve sracss Vem /G (Em. it-82)] ~ = __jarccolorsie SECANT FORMULA (FQ. a) = Tt Spots aan [adi x Taam pani ae co Elie SE selva 0) | fe eee Lae Ja az14-2 J WIOK 30 COLUMN (PiNWED mavos; Kad | 1L1-4 CONT. WERY SMALLER SIZE 1S WIOX 39, FoR vowicn m= 884s ALwL37IM EB =24000K57 Mae S BOK S ney qa seks eatin): (2),=VEEE wal EE iets aetneta wren te SIGS E [ESET anaer a et oF Wino aie t iar EEE es ca tos. [ane [ison [isa < D, (ea.-79) [usor [nase | — a Ta(eaned | - | — fran [uaa wre went tin we Sunn /G (€0.u-adlosarzjoz7s| — | — sexe kar = tn 8 ksi Caccnese conway 15 Kane (eauaa} — | — loans prece RY Fann = 8 HSI CE Soy aoa maa 2) TRIAL VALUE OF AREA Game CSD anos |7.007 [noose ae 5 Tazo AGraaae e7K f ssK ae rear = 2B Im (go ran coun winx sn Anes e 7h 9-3 [winxso coun (rinse ewes; k=) pe Renin. St nce he panne nar | MUALOWNILE STRESS Pon vant coum EITM Aye ine en38.00 een graces rence or qa sonst cx tiros (4),a VERE nino |” Sere =>). Lam 107.02 = 208.7 IM. SIS Fr Fas. (iB) AND (ii-g2 )s My 1417 & =O. 226 Frsoe STATS ESL % Teer [is Fr [iO Ft [aire % [S) MLLOWARSLE Lond RoR TEAL coLUnW Lia fis. [anes [non [race ae Faust * uns A* 204K DISK (OK) ate WERT SMALLER SIZE 15 WIRESQ, FOR Tis (6-15 a _f.se7, WAL WE Pin LIA = 214200 (6) Fane /G (ea. w-dlasora [oases] — | — SELECT WIRkO7 4, awa] — | — loassdlance| [ira-e | sevect « couumn oF wit SHare Gums (65) faore [rere [ines [enone eressk eesrrnndite. Rev eateke [pant res we[efore fave] | Cees Mea i raga TLa=4_] Seceer # cowwnw OF wio Sunre | AOTRIME VALUE OF eine UPPER Urry yee aire) wim Un 0 Paige k terrae Im iol Gane) |e ee cso un enrsocons 9.0079: ($), ~VEFE ene ae ees reine vee oF TRE Gney™ 18 HY G2 eHIAL aL OF anen UPPER Limite vse aC z wine un se ne Same = Sm ie ete! aa na TRY Gang 16 KSI (2) Tein. couwmN Wi4Ke2 An 24 tt ee hazas mi. 2) TRIAL VALUE OF AREA (a) MLLOWABLE STRESS POR TRIAL coun ne pee BE atest ee Botta | EC Fare V0 RT eo atte e () reine conn Wioxss ARIaS Wt as. (eT) AND CRE! 1, AAS pean in age. ae (A) ALLOWABLE STRESS FOR TRIAL COLUMN RE O3010 Rue SIRAE Kt p= om bc) (5) mirown eee Leno ton Taint cowuny Ee termes EKG. £05. (119) Aniy (BI) my 87 Tourn Fane A* VAR P2EOK Con) GEE OES ume INKE KEI NEXT SMALLER SLE 1S WI4KSR, HOt ij WHICH WE RINE Tauy 49K £250 (16) [2] misowntet Lond for TRA coun sevecr wiaxe2 | Frum Faw A= (94K > 180K COW) tonr. 20319-7 _] #TeeL Pie coun (rmeo-FmE KD LaSGRE Ww. £0280 IW, azeovexsi Gain back Aedes aa Z [eae 5.500 0 fhe Aa E [eae] srea ont re & [O-@-29"]= 20.14 wt an E 2245 od eRe ose ae[Ecenion 10] erane Fire covonm (rine Pa qnae Ks! ea, Sen(ines Fetes Ww. = 8 re ben(as2) Ba ara7 ane ann t aerfarjer[er]| pw. BLN fests [resi fees [0% || secccr vaniovs vawves of L uNnt we my (e@.-79) Jeon [ver | — | — OBTAIN Fuse ™ P (BY INTERPOLATION), Talean-e) |—- | — [man fin IF 6 be USE Eas.(u-74) Anoln~ am/G a w-adjaarsa[osrar| — | —_] | if t2 bes Use fas.(u-se) pam ca-es), Sune /% Ceara] — | — L ason[assn 3st Game 5) nes [ae Rue ane ben Tums" [15% [ose] SK | ee ty (ea. 179) 7. i (€8. 11-80) =|-[- ee Bete tale facts Kune Cowen] ~ $— |= | = an F[e-tetat]= eras va 0 & [L-a-20"} ecaesngs aE sarcam ante mn ca.cone (58) fEE ann ten(1257) Bm ateo nm = 2460 Gury (Mt) [bade [ease | ease [oars Frasow™ Anum | 5i4-hn] Seow] 218 nf soo tn] t Ben [aen [aon Jaan Ku/m vee [ues faze fase Bead [an five] — [=] | Stati teat ceatenons a feanced [|= [awa [eam | | 27 E [eee zee we nne/a Cea-sradlorsloanea | — | | Tee LOM 20'}nares me” an Kunal (eaviey| — | — oasaalans| | <=42™5 a, Game (Pa) [80.37 [ran [esasissna] | ben Cuan) = Frnceu™ATrune fe wu]an xo[iae wales ew] | Po 4ok SeLecT vaRtovs VALUES OF L UNM we OBTAIN Fans =P (BY INTERPOLATION), WF LG te vse €as.(n-74) AM (n-8), Te3= 4 | Stee. pire couvmn (PiRED-PREE; K=2) GR ASDIN, fe 0.297 In £H24,000 Ks ne Fe censd = sta nt IF CD tes vee Ear tices aeeneey, te He [Paret] ares mt ne F a1 si0 t Eionfess rere] oy an sens ca.cn9: G9. EEE «nes Kije fase [oars jose [ene ben linet my (easier) [aos [utes [isos aes | C Ta(caned [| - }- J- | KUTA Fume /G (0. 11-B0)o.3574 [o.a540[o.a505 lasses 3 (earcra) [esse [vere | — | — CC A Ta(ear-e) | - | — [ran [oar Guow Crs) [igor [raer [rave [ans |Fuane/G (ea. w-avjomnaslomee | - | - Trsan™AFramw [402 « [37.6 «| 34.5% [ae «| Sune (Caneal — | — farses loraas Pa Late ee Fury Ces) |ir08 [ise [rar [sais er ooSELECT VARIOUS VALUES OF L UsnL WE OBTAIY Faso =P (BY INTERPOLATION). WF LS te vse €as.(1-79) Ane ness ey il) ose ce Sree. pinw CownN (PRED =PRRE; K=O) [JLT PinweD-END COLVRN (Rm) Lessrrecoowe Tewonn fa ann rerio cre x Ez acvo Ket aw E [e-ta-za]eseee net Janey TT8eRe re [Dart] anomie, an ssng2, wiex er 2 4] nearer? densi ga tron. ea. (nf EEE nine r ie ets ben (nn.e) Ss 9220 im ea Weenie, P2400 Kn Aeet7in® ZL s0.105 Ww. Testrom® 15443 AP 2(25C) + 407 = EAN Tynz (2a) + 5i90 = Besa Nt de d/2 ttre Gers IN FOR Pe Aso King 25S Mt v som jasen[Reon ry 2443 +2[740¢ GaQKecnar] ames in co frase [eave [sees him, aS BRE = cs0n ww. vy fea gt) ane ee cana: (2) =VEBE = net Sansg aaelairs [oars lass teceebs clear Kune Ceauey] — | — | — = HES LT see So rea fone [rons fone wenizadiniceneed ee oe FROM EO. (MBN)E Caray (5 7 OETA Foun = OBEAR ES TET KSI Pree Fare ROU KEIARS HO) mee (dt- a) = 553 ee xe B(t-atyessy0 ut nef suse we qesonss cates (,oJEEE = s0r0 ben Coro} = ines uh mia Er Laie ry RUD Hasan KSeanse caer: meut0r (BY: Gane IG PRIY Kany MILAN KS Frasers “Fame A ART Wn = Frases CF COP REE K Gy naien: eye Pen rm co" e 221K FP cea 90) Qettade, mi 2); Bane = blade Da am (LTA rs aa B hums Am Lestat soasmirere were fa. to.05 xt ASSUME La Phe Ctr] a.(0 o wees Kst ThA=13 | Couumw Be (rinen-Pivned; xwo.ers)| eee a Frame nee With NORIE, FoRce H. | ILA-IS | WBx2E COLUMN (FINED evs; Ka!) = ricer ee Pacome, roRce NBC s : Rar cer et racer eeu Ae aasint ore nT gage Ks dae new. dy eI, Em aneoe KSI AYER = 1022 1N. Ye TO (he 37,380 me Laan T1993 INT He ET Lane® be Se ASSUMPTION ISVALID =~ 8: tn, In Cisse ver ps tt te Geen UF BE 4, USE Cas. (74) A (iiaw)s iz @ w Bz), P net ee (ny) reco Assume (21 (£02) cox 6 . Terra * ewulse | eR IAS pa C148 DA 22.4 ime I PT Ue=no ke nssune pei (emi) nox. inks" n wince” Evgerges Pmoetee Emcor Lng (BUDA eee es oe AGES Ta RES bnaon. =Thd=16 [WiOK45 COLURN (PniwED ENDS; K=I) feiss wt ores? qeanust AAVETR 02.006 IN. emanjoeo Kt racers): (44), EE = ner LET nee couunn (puwer Enea; Ke!) Lsasm Paisoxn t=d/to Er ieoore aceasta An E[ena-reyeoisses ze Elet-a-as}eoowena? * Lin tin Gaur ker Ba =e =a | &) RE d Ce % ae &), ENE Lem (iit A te B£1, Use Eas. (1-79) Ano (n-8)s SELEET VARIOUS VaLES OF DIAMETER A cee UNTIL WE OBTAIN Pause = Fe Be Eee ene ODO | ae sen, use cas. cur av fem, odds sn cans Lanai Ip Le U2! Use as Citeae) ano Cicer): 7 ‘. i . 2 (mm 18 [a | tee ae” Te (an) Ant) _[iass [isos [rasa T (rns) [ss7 10 [urease [losenic? fay res assume G2 or) i s Get Com) A (hn) | une [3na0 |snea TNE BF SsLeBert Te (my [3450 [saga [aoae SCN B HIRO Lage i2E0 A te tana [roms =2S2.5N=2L0 FT + My, (ea.tr-79) | were | eae (bh) ps200 K Assume B£1 (£a.1) Grane /% (€a.1-81) [0.975 fodae fo.s.e3 200%, 1-ke™ peomnse Furs (rte) [ous [e853 | eas Tasey ” Eegerge Tam AGhaes [AS vara weli3aa eo] hale ree a3It Lane C1018) A POR P=i3onn, Anat mm a 186.8 1M, S156 FT WaA=17_ J pipe covunw (rinwes ENDS; Kemi) [19-19 | pipe covunw (inne ENDS; K-1) Le2OFr=24ompe 25K Aad/ro LIS eros. P= BOK bw 0.30 ine Te 2tooone aw Be KS an Elc--reyppousra za Z[e-a-2e"}eoousnd’ * Ge VEBE = henner SELECT VARIOUS VALUES OF DIAMETERA P UNTIL WE OBTAIN Faun AR Lf La, Use Eas. (1-79) AND ‘eetooo wat” ae at est aa Efe-a-aey] = ze Rle’-@-24)") Fe (2), -VEBE ser ua(uenda SELECT VARIOUS VALUES OF DIAMETER UNTIL WE OBTAIN Prune = Pe MF LE ba, USE Eas. (1-79) AND (11-8). IF C2 bay USE EQS. (x80) AND i LE ey use eas. (11-80) AM [a ta Tae caeo Z tm Eu le A_Ge) [2436 |ases A_Gws) [aare [acer ttm) Janes [avae EG) faa | ate atm) [vere [veas Aw) [ease |otsa [ane te CG) [aon | a08 te Om) 303_| xs _| 207 7 ve7 [ame 7 saat frane [ae Me _(6a.11-60) [fe [Va Gaur) [ees | user Gume/% (60.182) [1876 Jawns7 [anes Guana ]& (€a.ti-01) [2.4079 Joanon fomiss Gusw (ns) |arse [rose [3333 Gurw (es) [rus | mas | ese Base" AGiuey [226 [252K [A24 Fao =AGauew [© [ease] are © FOR Pezsk, d= hO9 1 ge FOR P55 (on) Wak, Auunurur BAR (6061-76) Pstox Fin surroers (K=i) GLAD Lae IE AE 10 sortese wi z= Et 4 co.as00 re. + feoas ASSUME C/A 1S BETWEEN 45 Avo cer £0. (BFL)? cpunw = 202 —OURE(LIA) SL on LAB = 202. -0.126 (4i0) sive Fon Lint Ewan (ree Led) Laan GMIAYA STAB ne _ A) eo 4. TEE nek hn BO, 80 cami, * = ae = the HR, te Faw Faye EE xs AS30nE LIN 18 GREATER Yaaw et i ee on 1223 wm sieee, EO Teor SRT IY be IZ IN, a Lins 80/k = 71 46 Con) 1ea-26, comin @AK (2014-76) Fine surronrs (ent) Pee AM QO PmD tags 1 Le onns Le TE ae Berson? or = ‘ anf = feose im 2S sas ae We Trap iee = iy ae oF ASSURE L/A 13 BETWEEN (2. AND BSE a. (N84 Gigs e307 029 (L/A) EL OR 20.20 = 30:9~0.23(L/A) SOLVE Fon uiat 4505 (xs$sss) Lpame= @RGS)A S180 1M AST Met AI PIND day IF 00 = 23.02 ae ned Le ther MAS + rer < P3034 x”, soot Fume” A" Bafa GS Ges) ASEUnE Line 15 GREATER Tuan 55 ns oP ace KEL A. (U-Bh ed Giasow = “CTE on 58:24 2 54,000 OTe dts 8280 ut Ins 4.46/iene = S87 255 (0x) dst LONG e431 MM a Wa=2e PIN suProRTs (Kai) @) Five Las if ds 30M ALurimun BAR (6061-70) Pp cokNanas Po 13a aaa est Game Fee Lorene * 1232 Assure LR \S BETWEEN 45 AND 6 £a. (1-854): ROR — ONLE(LIA) on 20.2 ~ 0.126 CYA) sew Fon tint be eoe.se Liane (ERS) = TBAT te = ACT Kst 2 (uss bac) Laoem=enez 7s ky em, are ee AT Pecreeets ata wD AsSunt LIA iS GREATER Fanw G62 Kaas) Gym TOS EE 1118. Siooe On Can ae/ae Fm 5.007 Why SIT Wh BIA Hite Lyn aeat/isin= 1 > ee (on) 288149-24 woop post (rinweo ews) Haas he 55. nebheines nt f= 2000 951 B= 1 800,01 dade. m Kem NOSE. = 2012 SE €QS,Cit-86 =, 2): ie 32 woop post (PINNED ENDS) nathan 24,400 nn® ded dee 40 nm he zio me Raitmte e= 10Gre Kew VOSS = 10.36 USE £a5,(11-66 04,4) ua Te osban Frum Fe Crum = ELI (GEP] 1s Fs ke rum = EL -3(AEY tue = Ee ecgese | uw She LG [zs rlsor [as fear tom) [esm [esm dm) [as [as fae [as dem) [me | ae Zz es7 [rus [aon [saat we fom [ree Gus (51) | acce [eae [een |ases| | | caw (nro) [ince [r103 ane Sane A [208 Xfm [Te] BOY | [hare aww A [53 ne fss nw [I=30T wow post (rinwen ewos) e100 mM kw 150MM AmtL=15.000 mnt 14-33 woop post (rinwep Evos) to eheterniete oe wor coLuMM (emwED ENDS) no oanyE winee mato rot a= )doo.c00 P51 pa ADK Use Fas. li 86 a 40): Kan VOREE 2 128 aay et ovum vse £as.Cimeem db, able ye Se Fase =e seu Snare HEY] TSH 344 nad shee “ale c feo wef eH] nada tum = ma Zese ets wt hum = Cie Ketksso To fiom [usr [as (LEWD Lng tf Bade Sn Tem) [190 [100 [ice Tice | | Wg gga des fou Ate = 1900 rst ue no [is [ae [35 || qesune ud te werwien w ayo at Taw (ate) [ve [rea | too [ene tan toimdoee ailing CRS Tass h [ro ww [ite mn ]ia wi] Be Geel} a fowe ron ids bers (isan) ar tans (KAO) ARCOM CTT EE A) sine A (od)up bet Fr 5138 ie anon eifomche ©. ASSUNE Ld 18 BETWEEW K, Aub So: Age Sse Souve fond: debe 6.9m f= 638 hem Like 20.7 ow Beas Aetas in, mebhe 25.58 we SLnieo ps wisanjens cn hed kee VOaRe/ EL = 2419 Use Fas.Ci-tende =): ete oehean od Gums LIFE] ree ost. a fam 9 EE Keeksso ory eee ere Jee Jerr dim) [ss [as [ss [35 te ia |zesa fanas [saan Tew 0) Jura [ors 38.7 finvs™ Zan A bas x [rio finan [ere SEase Use, woop COLUMN (PivWED ENDS) Rews mre gncre pa zoodn Ken VORFER = 22.08 ae SE EQS. (1-86 mde Frame Fe osfan np ble ye t tow =D -3(Ae] NTS He ose & fawn = Ce msZese 0.) FIND Logg IF eee mn Gan = ee Cea = 808 te ASSUME L/A 18 BETWERD 1 AND Ket peas mr=Gor mealin$ AS] souve roids boines (as bem) Lamm (18-C8)A = 2800 nM= 280m (A) rin £ (ma) ut Leno ov Sun = f= ye = SAE ASSUME Lid 16 EEFWETH me Mio Fo: ‘aoe,c8oN_ O:8(Iti860 mea). ST Cane Fay souve ford: debevisnn $= is ne Woop COLUM (PiNWED END: Regonte gx ascre Kes VOSEE7E, = 2.87 VSE Fas.l1 tend <): a tao LEP] wea Gua = 23 nsbeso (2) FD bag PF dk = 120 Sane eo ee Gene = 0144 Pe ASSUME L/d 1S BETWEEW UL AND Ket Geten tas (so mrafi-g (HEY) sowe roads beinss Geta) tian (11-35) = 2080 mn = 2.087 ty min & lad) ba on bts iw = fo Be = ASSUME Lid 16 BETWEEN ig nim 5 leoeoon _ 03/8500 Sete Soe Save fords debe 158 Hm f= 158 nn Wee ani low tiers (on 13s z = WOOD COLUMN (PiNWwED ENDS) Eno OF CHAPTER It F200 Fs! Ee 1,500,000 FS Pe BOK Kes WORF 22.34 a USE £@5.(1-860, 44): fans a osha Lie Fine = L'-$(HEP] nc ae ose Le fume * Ee Kes beso (AVPIND Lge Pbk = 3.5 1 Edie 26880 9 ASSUME L/L 1S BETWEEW 11 AND Ket eas 95 = (ooo rain Eh) Bove ron tids eereor (tsk) tan (260M A 41S In TE BT a A) roe ein unto treino F 000 Ks Gams Eom ge = OBA ASSUME LI 19 BETWEEW Ky Ate 50: Beco, 0:3(4500.000), e Ciae/a souve Ford: dnkw a.com B= 4.00 nem Lite 30 (ow 20Y= St chy y $ milarly, Rey fez2T SY Width of element. =b+(-b)¥/n da = [b+ (a-b) My] dy a i Aa fannffbvce-th]dy di —— = hess Vet \E z n= Sahai etesvey = Bo020) oS = = bizas) i2.2=1 Y 122-5 . dhe xdy = bl- Wn )dy dA= yax = hU-EE) dx A= Son Shimmy dy wens) | nafan=(Mi-fe)dx 2 enh -%) is anet b ts) = >a) a a& he = frener of 1 Q= Sade fie 8 “s (a) 2 = Sy= bine! *='N” 2unw2) * Qu= Sfan=S"pei-ZeNeNt 22) dx Bice pbs Bear) auth BeH)- HE) = Fane whe VP ‘dy A =San= fara? oy =a . a rsa ay = 20° y= Ota ¥= =F bytdx a naSan= fag dx = bh y= San ¥ =f he ae daayaxs Ke Gy = 2b — a =5y, an =fe0utlng) ax = Bt yr Me a ‘siemens A=be=2Zin>® ReabaGint F,20Si0 A=ZA= 2A, +A, = 10 ind Qe ZA = 27M, + Fehe= tin? j= B= Vin —Ai Abe 4 2ct segeeee aes =BR70in* yt QA 27M = YAH HAs = 74D.5in> 32 108 mm A= 202030)+ (120K) 1.800 mm? ZR= Athy Bem ZHR= WA whl = 25,A.* Fads = % (abe +2c*+0b) and Solve: 2c#=ab +— coomme TL = 194 2108 om? bin. fe teas B COW 96S emt Xy=220mm Y= BOmm = Ahan Ay Ay = 7,620 mmm? By = BFA = 3M Fake Fahy Fade WAL NOMn R= Gr = YBAe x10 = 137 mm—e— Mee Oe = EFM FA -Faa-Pors Tay = UOMO me Fo Gee MetnEe = sae er LAN. Carer -. & 4A n=faeey. Too=fytsa= ae Nb af] dy= Wigaed) 24-3 Y Width of leg eh h A= EA sA,+Az 2475 int Gy = ZHAN = At Rely = 4688 n> 32 Bs 209% in — A+ Fake 1436 in? = 194 in. <— Ni dimensons.ace Diametar of bales =Somm Carters cf holes are BOwm ow eiges. | A, =(2B0M.00) = B4,000 ran ® fx, =150mm = 140 rm Ag=YaliB00% = B48 ram? R300 — 19/3 = 256.7 mm Fe 280,-1lla = 236-710 Ase HS" = Eso =1463mm* p= 8bme *Fy= 80mm Width of clement = 2¥r%P day dn= 2¥re— dy Tex fyten = SQ ayDiameters = 50,100, and isomm ExT" (ea circle) ee = FE [ueort coors cert] All dimerssions in millimeters, T= 150m = 100 mn b= 50mm ww Ty = (Lodsenciia ~Zrectangie = Fe ~ =4Sx08mme— FP ry = Te — = Ur? ph 220.3423 mm A= Ett phe ao.st x10 mnt tem 201mm <— b= 10.425 in. te = triage = 0985 In 12.5-1 W I2x50 T2344 in* Aziniat 2.19 i. a —> x+a(dy 94 14.7 coors = HO Int 125-2. 3]. From Prob. 12.8-2! Tq= UMP 2403)? = 19.33 tot Ty= Eat Ay® ‘Tye = Tx- Ag? 1983 ~10.0X1.10) = 2.23 int — 3,2 Yabh? = VE = 30mm = 405 110 mm* <— 12.5-5 12 5-4) b= 40mm | T, =40 #103 ment ey | @ Foe Te = gg bh® = 30410? mut T= Te +Ad*= 0x10? + $40N0)(25)* W (10.425)(0.965) +05.000.585) 4.3) in? Note that these results are in close agreement with the tabulated values. A dimensions in inches. Brin. T= kee" hee teat? Fron Pat a 2 denasymerPe £OER\ISIOF Fea in, ot =476 int say, T,=1480 inte Mite 7 * Ta> 2b) tpb* + ed-zte)tn? fase nt Pee ie = $ro.sesningas)? + uson)i0565)” 2 * aint int = 186 int ¢— | . pri aa SAR | Eireann cease Tye = Te= 44: Pate ss Tie Hal BX%) OME + HY 0.28 +6(282040.375- 3.9)" = 0281+ 60148)? = 720 int Ty = iz 4 8P = 82.0 Entice emss section Tye = Th, + Tig 752604790 = 6050 nb Lp = Tye The + M434922 475 int @—$ Zas[2-5-6] mane [T Poza e-F = Ay: Tae atoou20 = 4.92 110" att Ag? Tes 20.52 410° rom Exfire area: Te 2108.2 «10% Tae Te- Ay OD raat sual coyase)? ~ "henigeezo? © 0.4147 210% + 13.31 410% me) y= 2(4)s\o*) + 2220)16) = 2Sb?+ 64,860 Want) 3% and rearras eye b-aaeionh oer or= + b=280mn — Pant Ce Gem Biante ab) wl Print A Tp Tq + ACR i 2B Cateset ab(2ay" Tp= Bete) fewer ; Lss8ut Ta po, Az blo int u Te d= 828 in o Width “b= 627, 2 W $221 = / Tp ob 34! aa seer ele i Depth T= T+ ASA = WS Gi(AM)*= 160.9 nt Ty= Ty + Ale = 927 +e16(2. 605)" = 52.5int x Ty + ty £253 int <— a 12.6-4 Ep =(Tp).+ nat a= Bars) s Tp *Boss bi) + Ais Ht) = Bhat) ize -5) ss Tx=(- 5fQ) r* xa 1, =Us~%e4 Tee = Ta Aq? ~tuaepreaes) y= Tee (By symmetry) tcarate = xt umcpieetet)g 12.6-@ 4 AN dimensions ‘a mitkimeters. o Ie fe Breed Ree EGON) & 4050 218 emt iid ‘Aes Ne Delisle Fess y= H OR20) [O48 vet e Boz mazetsero30) i | Lag = Ke (RZ) acters =kb fs 2 P= by eh-N E = £ + z ase UM )e* -- ar 7=4eamr * aa) a Raltodltoo) =4an1rmat 2 Secs, Beso" Fe No +7500) =170 mee Ly. Yoo OU90)?+ (.08210*)UNO)* = ents 2 51.092 (0% mat Pay ey haro(ema)naa8 ahaa a tactant Fy 20+ 14.01.72) = 60.86 Con aaAoea we) Bectensled Rex DETAXIGO) = 15.078 210% mnt Treye Arde ot Jez 20+ Valo) = 100% w-owayegt) LE Ligg = Yin (OL-72)Ib0)? + (13.075 x10*Xinch = 15866 10h) Fu) F 2 | Semensite Ares, tay = (29) = Lieg-22) <<—$ Gq = ZEA FM “Fake — i = 1.223 x10" men? = %- trom =F A= GX!) (SM) = IL = GUNG) +is\aNlos) = Lettin. 7 Tyg> A30- ; he ; 2 A, CF+083.5-2), (HOVOITEEL BA) + (SYNE 1 BANE) Te = Eke = Ta ~TeKeg~ Tay Taw 21775 % 10% mt origi O: (= 25x = 356.0410" om Contes Ci (Edn (Eph Ad® ae aFeyt azz, (Lp = 365.04 oh US. ALA RDLAN SOF ea . 12.7-6 ie Prodect oF inertia of lemont = A with resgect to axes (ep, = Lay) =O 5 ‘onde ie ron contreid aS + | conden Tock + Aude 4 Keaeet —— = De (ran s0wer?SaniXdv) faralte)-aris theorem applied to-element JA: : AL py = 0+ GANAS.) = Cy dH) m= Gy), Tey ‘Toy = 21125 2108) = 24.3210% met — xe ey Dart reo et = (yor) Reodinct of inertia oF fom eh see theovgh aye = Tet hdd =0-+U.25in 9 228) .25in) = OTH ind its ‘a0 centroid equals zero. Tay #225 701044 =3.234 it Yarallel- axis then coped te clrment Ah Taye = Ley “ARG = 3.2544 XO. 9860. 9868) AL xy = O+ ING) = OFM EEIOD = ~6.079 int — EA Bly sy Taye Syly-ay = Et v AR danensinnsin esate. See. sokikon b Prob 2.6re for dimensions, areas, nd SEntretdal distances, ae Thengken a ytyat ah r Dey = Lacy ARF Sty ayy ge % linnte Oiicee | Semiciecle ax] Am 406103 mint Tay = Trey + Adie Font, J, =100mm — %,= 100mm Iny20 AsE der d= -$ Legs Yo 200)" 2009" = 4004108 moat toey- ge) = = get Ana_i. @) Tenge) Tyr +B He) = a Lompasitecres Jz lmm R= Nomn Ty= Ett= ich so ba2r<— Legg tone ssseeP 0H) Me? CORT | as12. 7-8 CONT. 49.52 x 10% emt Aga te bene. F= 60.86 mm tay ‘Ag= 12075 2107 mm™ Je= 00mm Costpenite oven, Ley = Day, -Loyg—Lnyy Enya Tyg = 99.9 510% ment <— + Ex=ty= Lye Taye Eat Ey + EB 20 Zz Aye R0C441D tot y= 1278 mem E122 mm Tayy =~ (1B.28)* (08 299% (8.064 aio Me3 M7 8) X4=20vbL72+}on29 = 40. tomn Ty, > 639741071160 BEX)40, 86) = 5484-110 Kg= 20+ (81.72) = 60.86mm ‘Linjg™ 03.075 «102 X400)(60.86)= 79.57%10% me Nat b Px (2.8-3 CONT. Sete" 20=112.9° = BEZEED + B1E-BeP cos G29 -0 = 154 int <— = EatEy 4 Ex-3y cos20~ Teysin: Tap Beet + Sebo nd 128-4 v ° 195KS)+ fesKioo?=5.152 x10 met Substihete inte Eq. (12-26) with ©=30"s Ex 124 610% mm <— Substitute into Eg. (2-26) with @ 2120": Ty, = 9.68 2108 roma — Substitute into p (12-27) with ©=zo": Tay, = 602 6108 men g— * KES through C). Product of inertia te aluiays Zero (with respect +2 Zn sh2e > ar ena? Reson? Baym Betty = bt g 38 int ins a? = hedfoe ot as IntTy=%e+Ey Ty Fr lost xaosresy® a ok snasesis)* — an ae Ay BEE sinz0+Tyeuremod— | =697 0 ee Note that all moments of inertia ane the same and the. aye FeKOS XL Ate) >-6ge2 in cos2B ec08?8=sinte = LE=bE oa sinte = 2smBcs0= ZEN w= 2snocso= BE Substitete inko Ege. (12-25), (1 Width b= 8.080 \Tanos d= 128 8.060, = 1509 (12-29)? Substitute into &4. (12-26) with © = 60": Ts, 16 in Substibete. inte Bp 12-26) with Omisot: oh = y= REP Iny=O Ty, = 3.84 ntge— h ino Eq. (12-27) with @=G0"T e060 = gee = sin os a Tr ie at Tae ABA A UOOKIP 6.506 *10%mm* Ty= Araacar vokiana? fe Ty seh ag +n) CE 2° un) + 201106)" pa 7h Putas = 3257410 me Tans Sateen) Zag = 20X24 40) a= 231528 3108 met 2. Substitdte inte Gp (12-25) with © #30" Wi2K5D Ix=344 int ° ‘Ix, =8.75 «106 mm* <-— T= 56-3 int = Tey=O ¢ 4 | Subsitube ine 0-220 sith Oar" Depth d= 1211 ia. ‘Ty, = 1.02 x10%mm*-—$ Substvhcle inf @g. (2-27) with © #30": Tay = 0.586 1108 ent <—— ze a= 150mm b=100mm t= 15mm O= 30" , Lx = posse? + Hess? a 197 110 met i—x Lay = OS)R(150)*+ (BBXISHEYSZS) = 1.BIS 210% mea) At @ principal point, 7 aT ‘ll momerts of inert 4 ere epet 3 Iap= Ty Hs Ty= ERO (nppendix D, case K) Poratel~avis theorem: = ‘Zao Ta A= tab ‘+ Wabe* From €4.0; Mab? Wabet = Ths erin: maby Take C= dyatae. cab b= tata Seiving, § =¥E <— Consider Point 2 fee, De Tap mO because y, is ‘Gn axisch symmetry. Teyiy™ 0 because creas. 4 ‘and 2 are symmetrical abut the ysaxis and areas. Sond 4 are Symmetrical about the te asin, ‘To different sets o principal axes exist a ptet p, 2, 18a principal fort — ceniter tu tas AS Soyo" bacause. Teoh ania oF apmmct Dayeeo. Cone Foraie\~asis theorem: Trate = Zagye t Adds rae AEN Pandiel-axisthearem: Tan? Trent dy de oy Sant eGo | Tuo dtferent sets of'principal acs (xaYy and X4¥4) exist at pont p Py is a principal point <¢— 20, =~ 54.793" ond 120.26" Op = ~29.87° and 60.18" CONT. CON ‘Substitde into Ey. (12-33q): I, = 30! in! Substitute imbo €g (2-36): Tz = 88.9 int Substitude into 9. (12-25) with 6-29.07 T= 3H od uM 4G, =-2307" ad &, fe Ona2h @,= 400" ‘ 12.4% if Freon Prob. 12.! * Tye MetT Ty = 5-152 *10* romt 2 15 510" prem _ 20 -It01" and 2s =~ B54" and 61 Subatihde. ite Gy. g-25) with 8-884": Ta, M4 ATO mt Substitule into Ey. 02-25) nith = 614642 Tx, = 288 «10mm Therefwe, T)=17.24410% emt G, = -8.5t°¢— Tz=466rOfwm Op, = 8.46" — | Melton ba fou =. Ce RPET eB), p= 37-72" and 1227 Substitute into 6. (12-25) with = 32.72" Ei,= 1645 in? Substitute into €4- (2-28) with B= 27.7" Tay = 190 int Therefore, T,=15.Sin" Op=37-7"<— Ey=lint Op. = 1227—<-— Note=t, and, canasobe found from Eps. (2-530) and 2334). 12.9-6 aS Fron Prob 12.8-65 1% Ex = 6506 10h Wee, y= 3.257 110%" Ty ™ 73.525 #10 mo! ‘ton 269 ~ 22R = 2.100 2B p= 66.26" ond 215.267 297263° and 122.43" Theefor, Sub shite. indo 64, (72-29 vith ©=32.65" Tanserctmmt Op ‘BTe 10% mm = 1oSeitmm! eye C66" Ea Substihite ine E9.li2-28) with 0122.63": Lay = 100% 106 ram? “Therefore, There! 9.68% x 10% mmm Ty=oscd0o") +2(2 Xn) cox K40) 2829 x10%mm* TO }UONHONL TD) 920x10% men¥ he 26p=28.610% ond 22-640, Bp=Ih.05" and 106.85" T = E(s-73) = 0.03673 6 Foc Tara) ozs" — y= s— T= G-S)E'= n0s73b* Op, I06.8"—— Note: T, oni Ty can also be foond From 16X10% ro y= 32.6" <— 1.00 £10 mm op, =122.6" <— Note: and Tzcan also be fond fom 6 12.9-B CON 2-230) and (12-336), 02-33) and (12508). 27235) y= oer osmtecs? oy +2 (2.425035) a 5567") x | Dy =2zesfpjees)Us) 0.20618 to 20p= - 254 =-anto Zopenwi7e and 136.267 For 207 =22.610%, Sin20p= and a079.= Bae ae | Sibstitde. info €9.12-25)+ Substitute into Ep. (12-25) wth @= -22.37°: Ine BG+Vs) =azs00bt Ser eene sts igdaediion oe ihete into Ey U2-28) with = 6263": For 20p = 218.639", snap aif and 605 20¢= = os ease | Substitide. into 6. (12-25)! ee and (12-33). + UBAXIOG-BF = 1599 210% mm? ‘ea ey mins SS ety Ty = LOKI + (EKER I Boo)? +f, URIS 26, =-¥8.0land B1Ag" scenuni sea . . 778 & =-24.4I" and 68.59 \oubst ith O=- Lay = (OolLGQGO-H.98K58 9688) te. eteig CAD iH OS

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