2128/2018 ‘APA Cltaon Guide | Normativa Académics ® Para imprimir en PDF se necesita utilizar el navegador Chrome. APA Citation Guide The APA style is made up by a set of basic guidelines aimed at researchers and scientists, with the objective of unifying criteria and avoid confusion, ambiguity and bias when writing articles whose audience is the scientific community. The basic guidelines are > Citation > Text citation > Indirect sources citation (secondary sources) > Reference List > Use of Tables and Figures Furtherrnore, when using the APA style, a series of premises rust be known: > Any research starts with a pre-existing information, consequently, original sources must always be cited. Otherwise, you are plagiarizing > Every citation needs to be adequately quoted (source, year and editor, author(s), and so on). > Citation style always matches the corresponding means (it differs, for example, a book needs @ different citation than an article), > During the writing process, the citation must appear simultaneously in two ways: in-text citation and in the section called "references list’, in alphabetical order. This guideline follows the APA Style as in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition. The examples above are adapted from the 2009 and 2015 editions of A. Pantoja (Coord.) Manual basico para la realizacién de Tesis, Tesinas y trabajos de Investigacién. Madrid: Eos. 1. General rules for in-text citation Academic documents indicate the source of previous knowledge succintly in the text, next to the citation, and extensively in the list of references or bibliography section, at the end of the document. The following sections provide information on how to indicate the source in the text. 1.1. Direct citations (quotes) hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent wna2ear20%6 ‘APA Cation Guide | Normatva Académica A direct citation is a literal transcription of another author's words. The text must clearly attribute the ight authorship. The citation style is different depending on the length of the quote and the quantity of authors In all cases, , the in-text citation must specify the name or surname of the author or authors, as referenced in the bibliography at the end of the project, followed by the year and the page numbers must be specified. 1.1.1. Less than 40 words In this case, the citation is placed within quotation marks following the cited paragraph. That is to say, right next to the cited text. Example ‘The New Oxford American Dictionary's definition of plagiarism is “the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own.” (2016, p. 1296) Po 1.1.2. 40 or more words This is considered a long citation or block citation. It must occupy its own paragraph, with a left indentation of 1.3 em (5 inches) from the margin. In addition, no quotation marks or italics are added. Citation of more than one paragraph will keep the same indentation (1.3 ern or 5 inchres. Example Genette (1997, p.408) justifies the function of paratexts because: Being immutable, the text in itself is incapable of adapting to changes in its public in space and over time. The paratext - more flexible, more versatile, always transitory because transitive ~ is,as it were, an instrument of adaptation. Hence the continual modification of the text's "presentation". Po hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent 242282018 APA Caton Guise | Normativa Académica As can be seen in the example, the indentation of all the lines coincide. The year and page number can also be indicated in parentheses after the citation (year, (p) in parentheses, full stop and the page number), In block citations, omitted text is marked with an ellipsis without parentheses. If within the citation you need to make sore clarification or give a supplernentary explanation, it will be enclosed within square brackets, For example, emphasize one or rnore words in the text and immediately afterwards, indicate “italics added’. Example By “paratext” we mean the ‘verbal or other productions, such as author's name, a title, a preface, illustrations [..], accompanying [a book], which vary in extent and appearance” (Genette, p. 1997, p. 1, italics added) Po 1.1.3. Quantity of authors Wheter a citation is short or long, the amount of authors influences how they are presented a) Up to two authors: both are cited throughout the text. Example In accordance with Campoy and Pantoja (2000, p. 17) “the new profile and functions of the tutor require a professional reorganization of the classical model prevailing in the educational centers”, but at the present day, that is yet to come. Po b) Erom three to seven authors: all the surnames are cited the first time the reference appears. After that, only the surname or surnames (depending on how is written then in the bibliographical ferences) of the first author is mentioned followed by “et al” (without italics). Example First time: hpiwmw nermativa-acacemica.info/en/at-eninfo-enidocumenas-desarrallo-avances-eninormativa-estio-apa-en! ana2282018 APA Caton Guise | Normativa Académica There are complicated ways of measuring how the reported value can deviate from actual exchange value, and how certain lee-ways can still allow for cooperation (mutual benefits) and market equilibrium to be achieved. (see Pym, Grin, Sfredo & Chan, 2012, p. 150) Second time: This is in a world where we estimate there is only a need for 333,000 fulltime translators and interpreters who are professional enough to declare themselves as such when paying taxes. (Pym et al, 2012, p. 132) bo ©) Eight or more authors: cite the first author’s surname only followed by “et al’, as seen in the previous example Example Alvarez Rojo et al. (2002, p. 93) refer to program design as a way of "making decisions that are mostly arbitrary’ bo 1.2. Indirect citations Indirect citations rephrase other author's statements, keeping the original meaning. Indirect citations do not have to include the page number, although its inclusion facilitates the location of along or complex source text The remaining recommendations for direct citations apply. The following examples show a paragraph in the original source, and the indirect citation: Example Paragraph of the original source: hpiwmw nermativa-acacemica.info/en/at-eninfo-enidocumenas-desarrallo-avances-eninormativa-estio-apa-en! ana2128/2018 APA Gitaion Guide | Normatva Académica Most of the participants mentioned in the interviews that, beyond this experiment, they had noticed low quality in non-professional subtitling available online, which relates to the general assumption of low quality in amateur translations. Nevertheless, when they were asked to assess the difficulty of following the different subtitle versions included in this, experiment, the ratings for all conditions were highly similar. Additionally, when asked if they noticed any difference between the subtitles, they only mentioned subtitle speed and appearance on the screen as relevant factors Reviewed original source: Orrego-Carmona, D. (2013). Where is the audience ? Testing the audience reception of non-professional subtitling. In D. Orrego-Carmona and E. Torres-Simén (eds), Translation Research Projects 3, (pp. 77-91). Tarragona: Intercultural Studies. Example of an indirect extracted citation: Orrego-Carmona (2013) notes how despite previous assumptions of low quality of non- professional subtitles, the study did not find remarkable differences in subtitle ratings, when the origin was hidden. Po Some more examples of indirect citations Example One author: Pantoja (2004) deals extensively with the Information Society to place in it the psychopedagogical intervention. References to psychopedagogical intervention come from various points of view (Pantoja, 2004) ‘Several authors outside the parenthesis (in alphabetical order): Campoy and Pantoja (2000) and Pantoja, Campoy and Cafias (2001) have explained the transformation processes of the orientation in our country as a result of the entry into force of the LOGSE. ‘Several authors within the parenthesis (in alphabetical order): In recent years, various authors have worked on methodology for educational research (Bisquerra, 2004; Buendia, Colas and Hernandez, 1997; Cardona, 2002; Gil, 2004; Latorre, hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent sina2128/2018 ‘APA Cliabon Guide | Normativa Académica Rincon and Arnal, 2003), clarifying the key concepts that are involved in any research process. ‘Two works by the same author in the same year: Zagalaz (2001a and 2001b) dealt with the theoretical foundations, ideologies and trends of Physical Education in its different contexts, Po The use of indirect citations is commonplace in academic works, since it summarizing ideas from other authors. 1.3. Secondary citations Secondary citations are a quote of an author citing a second author. So, the citation is reproduced in a text we hav erad, In these cases, we must metion the original source and the secondary citation. In the reference list, we will only include the document we have read and not the original docurnent. Example Paragraph of the original source: As indicated by Sabariego and Bisquerra (2004), “the interest in a topic is the starting point of any scientific research’. It is determined by personal experience, by readings, by audiovisual materials, by Internet or any other Information and Communication Technology (ICT), by a presentation or conference, an observation or, in a general way, an idea or occurrence. Reviewed original source: Pantoja, A. (Coord.) (2009). Manual bésico para la realizacién de tesis, tesinas y trabajos de investigacién, Madrid: EOS. Example of secondary citation: “The interest in a topic is the starting point of any scientific research’ (Salabriego and Bisquerra, 2004, cited by Pantoja, 2009), hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent implies revising and ona22018 ‘APA Cation Guide | Normatva Académica ‘As seen in the example, the secondary citation is made in the same way as the direct citation, but indicating the primary source, too. In other words, the original authors of the idea have to be stated, as cited by the author or authors of the text in which we have read it 1.4. Tables and figures The tables and figures must be accompanied by a numbered note, located above or below thern (indications about the numbering of tables and figures are included in the description of the formal aspects, which is available in the campus). In addition, the figure or table note should include an explanatory text. At the end of the explanatory text, the source table or figure should be cited. The following cases may occur: > If the copy of the table is verbatim, you must specify the page: Source: Kotler, 2009, (page number) > If the table or figure is the own work of the student taking as a reference the data that an author gives, itis cited in the following way. Source; own work based on Author (year) > It is desirable that the citation to the source is below tl fe table or figure and the title at the top. Ifyou have included abbreviations in tables or figures, or they require clarification, they must be below. eg ‘Table 1. Air emission limit values according to the rated capacity of the installation ~f -~-y incinerators of RSU (Directive 89/369/EC) (Baldasano, 1994). ntaminant (m: ea eek ed Total particles 200 100 30 Pb+Cr+Cu+Mn : 5 5 Nix As - 1 1 Cd+Ha - 02 02 HCI 250 100 50 HF é 4 & S0p - 300 300 [measured at 273° K 101,8 kPa, 11% Op (or 9% CO,) and dry gas} 2. Bibliography (list of references) According to APA, the References section or Bibliography rust include only the documents cited in the text, hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent m42ear20%6 ‘APA Cation Guide | Normatva Académica > The list of references will be organized in alphabetical order by the first surname of the first author. > If the first author has multiple works, they must listed chronologically. Documents by the same author in the same year will be listed by adding a a, b, c... For example: Smith, A. 2008a, Smith, A. 2008 > References must have 1.3 cm (S inches) left hanging indent. > The state or country will only be mentioned if the place narne might lead to mistake 2.1. Printed documents 2.1.1, Books Author, initial of the name. (Year). Title. City, State: Publisher Differences on formatting depending on the number of authors apply in all types of documents. So, the reference includes the surname and initial of up to seven authors, linking the rest with "8", Incase of eight, the first six will be presented with surname and initial, then a blank space and last the surname and initial of the last author. Example One author: Toriyama, A. (2012). Dragon Quest 25th Anniversary Monster Encyclopedia. Tokyo: Enix Square, Pérez Ferra, M. (2000). Conocer ef curriculum para asesorar en centros. Archidona: Aljibe. Up to six authors: Campoy, TJ. & Pantoja, A. (2000). Orientacién y calidad docente. Pautas y estrategias para el tutor. Madrid: EOS. Lannister, C., Snow, J., Stark, A., Stark, S. & Targaryen, D. (2017) Winter is coming. Essos: Martin Edition More than six authors: Berman, A., Snyder, S. J., LevettJones, T, Dwyer, T, Hales, M, Harvey, N. ... Stanley, D. (2012). Kozier and Erb’s fundamentals of nursing. Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson Australia. ' ' hp:twww.normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-enidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-estlo-apa-ent ana2282018 APA Caton Guise | Normativa Académica bo 2.1.2. Book with one or more authors, coordinated, edited or compiled Author, name's first initial, (Type) (year). Title City, State: Publisher. Some of the abbreviations of the role of the author are: Coordinator (Coord ), Coordinators (Coords.), Editor (Ed), Editors (Eds), Compiler (Comp, or compilers (Comps). Example Pantoja, A. and Campoy, T.J. (Coords.) (2006). Programas de intervencién en educacién intercultural. Granada: GEU. Alvarez, M. (Coord.), Bisquerra, R., Espin, J.V. y Rodriguez Espinar, S. (2007). La madurez para la carrera en Educacién Secundaria, Madrid: EOS. Po 2.1.3. Book chapter Author, names first initial. (Year). Title. In Author's name initial, surname, Title (pp. First-last page). City, State: Publisher. Example Sieber, J. E. (2000). Planning research: Basic ethical decision-making. In B.D. Sales & S. Folkman (eds), Ethics in research with human participants (pp.13-26). San Diego: APA. bo 2.1.4, Other book formats hpi ww nermativa-acacemica.infofen/at-enfino-enidocumentas-desarrall-avances-eninormativa-estio-apa-en! ona2128/2018 APA Cltaon Guide | Normativa Académics Example Book with several editions or reprints Fox, D.J. (1987). The research project in education (2nd ed.)New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Book in press Nobi, N. (in press). How to build a cat-like robot. Tokyo: Asahi Press. Book when the author is an agency or institutio World Health Organization (2017). WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals. New York: WHO, Book without author Manual de estilo da APA, Regras basicas (2006). Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed Editora, Volume of a work Gil Pascual, JA. (2003). Métodos de investigacién en educacién. Anélisis multivariante (Vol. 3). Madrid: UNED. Po 2.1.5. Scientific journal article Author, name's first initial. (Year) Title. Journal, volume (number), first page-last page. In the case of documents from electronic sources, use the “Digital Object Identifier’ known by its acronym as "DOI". The "DO!" is an alphanumeric, unique series for electronic documents which is assigned by the publisher. The "DOI" msut appear at the end of the reference. Example One author: hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent sone2ieera0re [APA Gitaon Guide | Normativa Académica Torres-Simén, E, (2008). Nor-Standard Translation Practices in Post-Bellum Korea, FORUM. Revue internationale dinterprétation et de traduction, 6 (2), 215-235. doi:10.1075/forum.6.2.11tor Timmons, M. (2007). Navegating contradictory communities of practice in learning to teach for social justice. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 38(4), 380-404 doi:10.1525/aeq,2007.38.4.380 Up to six authors: Pantoja, A. & Zwierewicz, M. (2008). Procesos de orientacién en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Revista Espafiola de Orientacién y Psicopedagogia, 19 (3), 282-290. Poupaud, S, Pym, A, & Torres, E, (2009), Finding translations. On the use of bibliographical databases in translation history. Meta: Journal des traducteurs/Meta: Translators’ Journal, 54(2), 264-278. More than six authors: Yonkers, K. A., Ramin, S. M., Rush, A. J., Navarrete, C, A., Carmody, T, March, D.,.. . Leveno, K. J. (2001). Onset and persistence of postpartum depression in an inner-city maternal health clinic system. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(11), 1856-1863. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1856 2.1.6. Proceedings Author, initial of the name. (Year). Title. In Author's name initial, surname, Title (pp. Firstast page), City, State: Publisher. Example Up to seven authors: Sancho, Mil. (2007). El seseo: estado de la cuestién. In M.l. Sancho y C. Conti (Coords.), / Jornadas sobre seseo (pp. 13-46). Jaén: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad. More than seven authors: Pantoja, A, Campoy, T.J, Jiménez, AS,, Villanueva, Gomes, E,, Diaz Linares, MA. et al (2008). Interet y la construccién de una ciudadania intercultural. Balance de una experiencia. In A. Pantoja, T.J. Campoy, AS. Jiménez y C. Villanueva (Eds), E/ cardcter hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent nina2282018 APA Caton Guise | Normativa Académica universal de la Educacién Intercultural. Actas de las 1 Jornadas Intemacionales y VI Jomadas sobre Diagnéstico y Orientacién (pp. 72-128). Jaén: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad. Po 2.1.7. Thesis Published thesis are treated like books. Unpublished thesis follow a differet structure. The reference must indicate whether it is a doctoral thesis or a Masters thesis. Author. Author, name's first initial. (Year). Title in italics. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University, City. Example Torres-Simon, E. (2013). The role of translation in post-bellum image building: Korean literature in the US. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgli, Tarragona. Po 2.2. Audiovisual content Although not common in research projects, video and audio recordings must also be listed Example Movie Hamilton, D. (Producer) and Mehta, D. (Scriptwriter/Director) (2005). Water [Motion Picture]. Canada: Mongrel Media, Video Fonda, J. (2005). Jane Fonda Collection: Low Impact Aerobics and Stretch; Abs, Buns & Thighs; Total Body Sculpting. [Video file]. Los Angeles: Warner Bross. Audio Ros, L. (2008). Canto a los Orishas. Lazaro Ros, el apkwén mayor {CD}. La Habana: Egrem, hpiwmw nermativa-acacemica.info/en/at-eninfo-enidocumenas-desarrallo-avances-eninormativa-estio-apa-en! sane2128/2018 ‘APA Cltaon Guide | Normativa Académics bo 2.3. Electronic documents Electronic documents follow the guidelines of printed documents, but must also include the URL to locate the file, The abbreviations n.d. (no date) and n.a. (no author) can be used if the full information is not located Example Internet document With author: Gi G. (nd). Cultura libre: ef ~— caso brasilefio. Retrieved from. http//www.aulaintercultural.org/article.php3?id_article=1688 Without Author: Drom Kotar, mujeres gitanas en red para promover el acceso a la educacién (n.a). Retrieved from http://www.aulaintercultural.org/article.php3?id_article=1684 Book ‘Swennen, A. y Van der Klink, M. (Eds.) (2008). Becoming a teacher educator. Amsterdan: Springer Netherlans. Retrieved from _http://www.springerlink.com/content/p8|5p0/? 1de2488f70ee4e49a00aef9826763d2f&pi=0 Conferences, presentations and communications on the Internet Tiana, A. (2006). Una reforma educativa para el Siglo XXI. Conference conducted at the V International Congress “Education and _— Society’. Retrieved _—_ from http://congreso.codoli.org/conferences/Tiana.pdf Article Molero, D. (2007). Rendimiento académico y opinién sobre la docencia del alumnado participante en experiencias piloto de implantacién del Espacio Europeo de Educacién ‘Superior. Revista Electronica de Investigacién Educativa (RELIEVE), 13 (2). Retrieved from. http://www.uv.es/RELIEVE/V13n2/RELIEVE v13n2_2.htm hp:twww.normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-enidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-estlo-apa-ent sane2282018 APA Caton Guise | Normativa Académica bo hpiwmw nermativa-acacemica.info/en/at-eninfo-enidocumenas-desarrallo-avances-eninormativa-estio-apa-en! sane