Background of the Study

Tubli is a rambling climber, with branches covered with brown hairs. Leaves are pinnate and 30

to 50 centimeters long. Leaflets are usually oblong, 9 to 13, when matured smooth above, and

subglaucous and silky beneath, 10 to 15 centimeters long, and about half as broad. Racemes are lax, 15

to 30 centimeters in length, with reddish flowers in stalked clusters. Pods are 5 to 8 centimeters long and

contain 1 to 3 seeds, flat and reniform, olive, brown or black.( http://www.stuartxchange.com/Tubli.html)

Root reported to contain rotenone. Rotenone has selectivity bioactivity, low environmental

hazard, and relative non-toxicity to plants and mammals. .( http://www.stuartxchange.com/Tubli.html)

Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a hot-tasting tropical berry belonging to the Solanaceae

family.1 It was first discovered by Christopher Columbus in tropical America,2 and its use spread

rapidly throughout the world because of its pungent flavour. Variously classified as herb, fruit or

vegetable, it is now an inseparable part of Asian cuisine.3 The name “chilli” is derived from the

Mexican word, chili.( http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_203_2005-01-11.html)

Chilli shrubs are perennial and short-lived. They can grow up to 1.5 m in height. Their

stems are woody at the base, fleshy and either erect or semi-prostrate. The shrub consists of a

main tap root with many lateral roots. The leaves can grow up to 12 cm long and 7.5 cm wide and

are unequal in shape with a pointed tip. Chilli flowers occur singly or in small groups of two to

three flowers. They are small and bisexual with have five to six petals each. Flowers of Capsicum

annuum are white-green, while those of Capsicum frutescens are yellow or white-green.8 The

chilli fruit is hollow with many seeds. They are found in different colours like green, orange, white,

yellow and red.9 Pungency varies in different varieties. Red chillies get their colour from a colouring

compound called capsanthin and have a hot, pungent taste due to a chemical called capsaicin.
The numerous small chilli seeds also contain capsaicin(

http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_203_2005-01-11.html)

Blow fly, (family Calliphoridae), also spelled blowfly, any member in a family of insects in the fly

order, Diptera, that are metallic blue, green, or black in colour and are noisy in flight. With an average size

of 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 inch), they are slightly larger than houseflies but resemble them in habits. Among

the important members of this group are the screwworm, bluebottle fly, greenbottle fly, and cluster fly.

Adult blow flies feed on a variety of materials, but the larvae of most species are scavengers that

live on carrion or dung. The adults lay their eggs on the carcasses of dead animals, and the larvae

(maggots) feed on the decaying flesh. The larvae of some species (e.g., Calliphora, Cochliomyia) also

sometimes infest open wounds of living animals. Although these larvae may assist in preventing infection

by cleaning away dead flesh and by producing allantoin, some species may also destroy healthy tissue.

There are numerous reports of the use during times of war of sterile blow fly larvae in open wounds to

remove decaying tissue and to prevent bacterial growth. (https://www.britannica.com/animal/blow-fly-

insect)