ARIANNA BELLE P.

DEQUITO
ELECTIVE 3
ASSIGNMENT

1. WHAT IS MANUFACTURING?
 Manufacturing is the making of articles on a large scale using machinery;
industrial production.
2. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES
There are four types of industry.
These are primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
 Primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming and fishing.
 Secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
 Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
 Quaternary industry involves research and development industries e.g. IT.

3. TYPES OF MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS

The Five Manufacturing Processes
 Repetitive Manufacturing
A manufacturer would use repetitive manufacturing for repeated production that commits
to a production rate.
Repetitive processing is comprised of dedicated production lines that produce the same
or a paraphernalia of items, 24/7, all year round.
With its requirements for setup being minimal or having little changeover, the operation
speeds can be increased or decreased to meet customer demands or requirements.
 Discrete Manufacturing
Like repetitive manufacturing, discrete manufacturing also utilizes an assembly or
production line. However, this process is extremely diverse, with a variation of setups
and changeover frequencies. This is due to factors based on whether the products in
production are similar or discordant in design.
If the items are vastly different this will require altering the setup and a tear-down, which
means production will require more time.
 Job Shop Manufacturing
Job shop manufacturing, unlike repetitive or discrete manufacturing, makes use of
production areas rather than assembly lines. This is because this process will produce
smaller batches of custom products, which can be either made-to-order (MTO) or made-
to-stock (MTS).
These workstations are organized to make one version of a custom product, or even a
couple of dozen. If customer demand requires it, the operation can become a
discrete manufacturing line with selected labor operations being, potentially, replaced by
automated equipment. Of course, this depends on the type of manufacturing business.
 Process Manufacturing (Continuous)
Process manufacturing (also called continuous manufacturing) is similar
to repetitive manufacturing as it too also runs 24/7. However, the difference is that
this manufacturing process productions raw materials are gases, liquids, powders, or
slurries. But, in areas like mining, the products can be granule materials.
Product designs are similar, unless the disciplines to create a final product or a
production process is more diverse.
 Process Manufacturing (Batch)
 Process manufacturing (also called batch manufacturing) shares similarities with
discrete and job shop processes. Depending on consumer demand, one batch could
be enough to meet that demand. Once a batch is completed, the equipment is cleaned,
ready to produce the next batch when needed. Batch processes are continuous in
nature.
Continuous batch processes are achievable when the ingredients or raw materials
cannot be made to a strict standard. Just like Process manufacturing (continuous) the
product ingredients are similar, and the production process is more diverse.

4. WHAT IS KANBAN SYSTEM?

 Kanban is a visual system for managing work as it moves through a process. Kanban
visualizes both the process (the workflow) and the actual work passing through that
process. The goal of Kanban is to identify potential bottlenecks in your process and fix
them so work can flow through it cost-effectively at an optimal speed or throughput.
5. JIT BENEFITS, ADVANTAGES OF “JUST IN TIME”
 DEFINITION: Denoting a manufacturing system in which materials or
components are delivered immediately before they are required in order to
minimize inventory costs.

 ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS: Companies like to use JIT as it is seen as a more

cost efficient method of holding stock. Its purpose is to minimise the amount of goods
you hold at any one time, and this has numerous advantages:
Less space needed: With a faster turnaround of stock, you don’t need as much
warehouse or storage space to store goods. This reduces the amount of storage an
organisation needs to rent or buy, freeing up funds for other parts of the business.
Waste reduction: A faster turnaround of stock prevents goods becoming damaged or
obsolete while sitting in storage, reducing waste. This again saves money by
preventing investment in unnecessary stock, and reducing the need to replace
old stock.
Smaller investments: JIT inventory management is ideal for smaller companies that
don’t have the funds available to purchase huge amounts of stock at once. Ordering
stock as and when it’s needed helps to maintain a healthy cash flow.
All of these advantages will save the company money.
6. DEFINE AND GIVE THE CONCEPT OFMANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
 Manufacturing Engineering is a branch of professional engineering that shares
many common concepts and ideas with other fields of engineering such as
mechanical,chemical, electrical and industrial engineering. Manufacturing
engineering requires the ability to plan the practices of manufacturing; to research
and to develop tools, processes, machines and equipment; and to integrate the
facilities and systems for producing quality products with the optimum expenditure of
capital.
The manufacturing or production engineer's primary focus is to turn raw material into
an updated or new product in the most effective, efficient & economic way possible.