Doe a feted aang irc ihe RaRca Peed Poe esc ii[| eeseeeiac ¢) HEINLE LEARNING — Life Upper Intermediate Student's Book Paul Dummett John Hughes Helen Stephenson Publisher jason Mann Commissioning Editor Alistair Baxter Editorial Project Manager: Karen Spiller Development Editor: Jenifer Nunan Project Editor: Amy Smith Production Controller: Tom Relf ‘Senior Marketing Manager: Ruth McAleavey National Geographic Liaison: Leila Hishmeh ‘rt Director: Natasa Arsenidou Cover Designer: Sofia Fourtount and Vasiliki Christoforidou Text Designer: Keith Shaw CCompositor: eMC Design Lt. ‘Audio: Prolingua Productions Contributing Writers: Mike Downie, David Gray (ideo lessons) and David A. 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(Emanuele Picchiallo/National Geographic My Shot, 8 (tcc) (George Steinmetz/National Geographic Image Collection), 8 (cr) (Hemis/Alamy),8 (bc) (David Doubilet National Geographic Image Collection), 8 (bcc) (Reuters/Stringer Chin), 8 (bs) (Robert Harding Travel/Photoibrary), 8 (b) (Nigel Swinn/National Geographic My Shot), 8 (bc) (George Steinmetz/National Geographic Image Collection, 8 (6) (Jodi Cbb/National Geographic Image Collection), {9 (Shi Joshi), 10 (Stevi Calandra/National Geographic Channel), 3 Randy Olson/National Geographic Image Collection), 1 (Paul Thompson/National Geographic Image Collection), 16 (Corbis RF/Alamy), 17 (hadynyah/IStockphoto), 18 (Edwin Levick? Hulton Archive/Getty Images), 20 (Jel Sartore/National Geographic Image Collection), 2 (Dario Mitidiei/Hulton Archive/ Getty Images), 22 (Adam Woolft/Corbis), 24 (Steve Winter/National Geographic Image Collection), 27 (Joel Sartore/Natlonal Geographic Image Collection), 28 (Oote Boe Photography/Alamy), 29 (Shutterstock), 30 (John Springer Collection/Corb's), 32 Beverly Joubert/National Geographic image Collection), 33 (Shutterstock), 34 (Randy Olson/National Geographic Image Collection), 3 (Oliver UbertiNational Geographic Image Collection), 38 (bl) (Renee Comet/National Geographic image Collection), 38 (be) (Renee Comet/National Geographic Image Collection), 38 (br) (Renee Comet/National Geographic Image Collection), 38 (be) (Renee Comet/National Geographic Image Collection) 38 (Kenneth Garrett/National Geographic Image Collection), 44 (Amy White & Al Petteway/National Geographic Image Collection), 45 (Emanuele iccirallo/National Geographic My Shot), 46 (Annie Grfiths/National Geographic Image Collection), 48 (Alexandre Orion), 51 (David Alan Harvey! National Geographic Image Collection), 2 (Stephen Morison/epa/Corbis), 53 (Justin Kase zfvez/Alamy), 4 (Patrick Aventuier/ Printed in China by RR Donnelley 123456789 10-16 15 1413 12Contents present tenses review frends: nouns and Tan EEK ore the passhe asa verbs iow fhe ves vwordbuling, forming expressive ‘ahectives from nouns intonation Relationships word focus: get pages 9-20 ast simple and present books an fms reacting to stoves the eter perfect spe Fotelaking: Sreryis contacted pasttenses review: wort focus keep eee aslembrccs, pat ngard Storytelling simple pot pric essen simple, ast perfect Pages 21-32 continuous future forms review: __wordbuilding: prefixes asking for and offering _/r/and ft/in will, going to, ‘wordbuilding: compound technical help ‘American English about fo, present ‘nouns (noun + noun) stress in two- Continuous, present useful devices syllable verbs Science and simple ‘word focus: out of future continuous and technology “future perfec simple pages 33-44 expressions of quantity wordbuiding: sufixes describing likes and—_weak form of determiners word focus: coo! dislikes disappearing sounds Art and creativity pages 45-56 ver + infinite or ing features ofa city reaching decisions rhyming words | verbs with ing and to redevelopment | “infinitive wordbuiiding: adverb + agjectve Development re-verbs | wordbuilding: prefix re | Pages 57-68 with verbs and nouns word focus: pick not phrasal verbs with in getting around intonation in | Negative and tag and out ‘questions Questions, wordbuilding: phrasal intonation in verbs with in and out sentences with Alternative ‘word focus: mind two clauses. | travel ges 69-80three people taking about an article about important relationships in changing attitudes in aspect their ives China ‘radio extract about animal an article about friendships immigrant families in New York ion 2 conversation about true story about —_—_close reading, different accounts of dangerous animals e forms Ayrton Senna’ life ‘an article about the id ‘an interview with a film brothers Grimm tion critic in three people making an article about mn English predictions about the ‘augmented realty wor future an article about verbs 4 presentation about ‘appropriate ‘overpopulation technology n of a conversation about two anarticle about analysing contrasts ing people who do artistic ‘unusual street art things in their free time an article about the an extract from a radio ‘origins of rap programme about what's on in Melbourne {an artists opinion about what artis yords three speakers talking ‘an article about urban fact or opinion about different types of development in development Dubai ‘an article about a hydropower dam project in Laos someone talking about redevelopment in their city an interview with a journalist taking about social development in southern india in someone describing their a blog about holidays claims and 5; stay at an ice hotel at home justifications in {an interview about volunteer an extract from swith vacations travel magazine 5 ‘about historical hotels identifying the main balancing arguments, your friends | text type: an the generation gap informal email (1) family influences writing sil ‘greetings and endings the film of the book text type: a story fafamous writer or waiting skill using filmmaker descriptive words narrow escapes storytelling global problems text type: short ‘overpopulation email requests information age writing skill being predictions polite technological solutions, participation in the text type: an online ants review ‘an art competition iting ski ‘music and values personalising your writing ‘changes in your town text type: an ‘a happy society ‘pinion essay sensitive writing skill linking development words | ‘evaluating @ development project local knowledge text type: a letter of planning a staycation complaint opinions about travel writing skill. formal ideas for an unusual language hotel‘mixed conditional sentences wish, would rather and ‘fonly Natural resources pages 81-92 conservation ‘making your point contractions in a oil conditionals \wordbuiding: collocations sentence stress related to one word te strong feelings ‘word focus: better reporting verbs passive reporting verbs The news pages 93-104 aries: he or 210 rte? relative clauses reduced lve ses Talented people pages 105-116 habitual actions: present tenses, will used to, usually, be 10 See Customsand = behaviour pages 117-128 could, was able 0 manage to and succeed in future nthe pat Knowledge and learning pages 129-140 12 The economy pages 141-152 focus adverbs only, just, focus adverbs too, as well, aso causative have and get photography reporting what you weak forms in a the feel-good factor heard verbs wordbuilding: forming the schwa ‘adjectives from verbs 1 word focus: word linking vowels w/, careers describing sil, talents a ‘wordlouilding: verb (+ and experience I and i | preposition) + noun dificult words Bia collocations ‘word focus: Jong fu and jus! the letters raising children: verbs describing traditions food and eating habits word focus: common weddings ‘wordbuilding: word pairs learning getting clarification _contrastive wordbuilding: idiomatic sentence stress expressions. linking in question word focus: fearn forms the sounds if. 5) and it) sentence stress in idiomatic phrases money domestic help ‘wordbuilding: the + adjective getting things done word focus: hard negotiating COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES page 153 » GRAMMAR REFERENCE page 156» AUDIOSCRIPTS page 174‘an ecologist describing how we can avoid wasting natural resources four people talking about saving water a radio news report about the parents of Chinese University freshmen television news report of four good news stories 2 description of a mahout’s job two friends discussing an astronaut’ extraordinary career ‘an interview about Emerging Explorers ‘an anthropolagist’s ‘explanation of the quote ‘manners maketh man’ anextract from a radio programme about a tribe with an unusual diet a psychologist describing a situation in which you have ‘to use your intuition ‘talk by a psychologist on memory extract from a radio programme with an economist giving definitions of poverty and wealth an interview wit the author of The Servant Economy ‘an article about Ecuador’ plan to protect resources, an article about Madagascar’ unique ecology ‘emotive language an article about an iconic image ‘an article about the power of the press different perspectives ‘an article about an ‘extraordinary career ‘an article about a ‘woman who was king ‘weighing the evidence an article about the tiger mother ‘approach to parenting {an article about body language {an article about an ethnobotanist an article about a parrot reinforcing ideas ‘an article about Norway's riches ‘an article about an ‘alternative economic mode! signposts to key information how we use water conservation wishes the ethics of taking photographs good news stories reputations a career path personal qualities, ‘women at work typical behaviour food and eating habits customs in your country wedding traditions acquiring knowledge memory tests why you forgot types of learner the economy in your country getting things done aift giving and exchange text type: a letter to the press writing skill: gving vivid examples text type: minutes from a meeting vwaitng sil impersonal language text type: an online profile writing skill: writing in note form text type: an informal email (2) writing sill elsion in informal waiting text type: an ‘emall about a misunderstanding writing ski: inking contrasting ideas text type: a report writing skill sub- headings and bullet pointsREL rar etn on CR eee ey FE 10 ATURES Unlikely friends © animals that enjoy each other's company A confused generation Changing attitudes among China’s young, generation Bloodlines Two accounts of how family has shaped people's lives Immigration A video about how immigrants have helped build America cd > tid py} Nork in pairs. Look at the photo and phrase you think best describes the photo, a faithful companion relatives 2 passing acquaintance mutual respe: true friends an odd couple Look at these English sayings about relationships. What do they mean? Do you have a similar saying in your language? 1 Blood is thicker than water 2. A friend in need is a friend indee Like father, like son 4 No man is an island 41.1 Listen to three people talking about important relationships in their lives. Put the number of the speaker (1, 2or 3) next to the person they are talking about. a husband a fiancé a colleague an old friend abrother ndparent Think of a person a) you have been meaning to contact f \ges; and b) you have shared a travel experience with. Tell your partner about these people10 ‘animal friendships + present tenses review * your friends friends: nouns and phrasal verbs * Unlikely friends Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Discuss the questions. 1 What are the two animals in the photo? 2. Are they normally working animals, pets, wild animals or something else? 3. What does the photo suggest about these animals’ characters? 1.2 Now listen to an extract from a radio programme about an unlikely friendship between these two animals. What things do they do together to enjoy each other's company? 49 1.2 Listen again and choose the right word to complete each statement. 1 Co-operation between animals of different species is not anatural beasy c usual Dogs are usually apes. a suspicious of _ b frightened ofc aggressive towards 3. This particular dog and orang-utan behave like aold friends children c people 4. Their behaviour has attracted the interest of a lot of aTV viewers bscientists ¢ psychologists (Orang-utans are very creatures, aphysical naughty kind 6. Their relationship is based on a need in both animals to a share new experiences b hunt together _ ce sociable Image by Stevi Calandra for the Pereira Do you believe animals can have friendships? Or do they form relationships only for practical reasons? Do you know other ‘examples of sociable animals? Discuss. present tenses review sent simple Suriya lives with his keepers. Present continuous The two animals are fulfiling a basic social need in each other. Present perfect simple Suriya has understood that the hound ddog is very hungry. Present perfect continuous They have been doing this every day since they fist met. For further information and practice, see page 156.Unit 1 Relationships ave sc und 5 Look at the grammar box uses (a-d), 1 present simple a highlights a recent activity 2 present b_ describes a situation in progress continuous or happening around now 3 present perfect describesa permanent / usual simple situation 4 present perfect d_highlights the present result of a continuous, recent past action 6 Choose the correct tense to complete this passage about 7 Wor snimal friendships. ‘A number of recent videos on YouTube showing unlikely animal friends" have started have been starting a debate about animal friendships. Lately many people have discussed / have been discussing a particularly moving film ‘which shows a dog making friends with an elephant. Elephants often * show /are showing concern for their social group, but there is one extraordinary scene where the elephant becomes distressed when the dog gets injured. The dog * has recovered / has been recovering now and the two animals have been inseparable. The question scientists ° ask /are asking is: is such behaviour normal, or do we just want it to be? Some say it happens when animals * have lived / have been living close to humans. No one’ fas provided /has been providing a definite answer, but it seems some animals are just naturally sociable. Others, like giant pandas, "live /are living more independent and solitary lives. in pairs. Explain to each other the use of the verb forms in bold in sentences 1-10 using a-d from Exercise 5. 8 Colin and I have been teaching at the same years. We get on very well, even though we never really We're not close friends ~ we're just studying French at the same evening class. This sentence describes a situation in progress. I ive with Sarah, but each of us has our own group of friends that we hang out with. Olivia and I went on a trip to Peru together ten years ago and we've kept up with each other ever since. Iwouldn’t say we were friends really. We've met a couple of times at parties. Oh, do you know Tom? He's a good friend of mine too. We should all meet up some time. Jacob always hangs around when he’s bored, but he never comes round when he’s got something better to do. Kate has always stood by me in times of difficulty. If ever Ym in trouble, I know I can rely on her for help. school for see each other socially. I think I've been round to his, house once. 9. Barney and I have known each other since we were at 10 school. It doesn’t matter if we haven’t seen each other for a while; we just seem to pick up where we left off. Themed weddings are becoming very fashionable. Match the tenses (1-4) with their Jessica and L are going to go for a medieval-style wedding, Vocabulary friends: nouns and phrasal verbs 8 Work in pairs. What type of friend or person is each person talking about in Exercise 7? Match each sentence with a person from the box. acquaintance — fair-weather friend fellow student flatmate girlfriend mutual friend old friend travel companion true friend workmate Find the following phrasal verbs in the sentences in Exercise 7. Which ones contain two prepositions, rather than one? Discuss what each verb means. +L verb with get I verb with stand #2 verbs with hang 2 verbs with round 3 verbs with up Choose the correct phrasal verbs to complete these sentences, 1 We come from different backgrounds but we really wel. 2. We don’t have to do anything special, like going to a show. It would just be nice to each other for abit 3. [made a lot of really good friends at university, but I haven't with many of them 4 Why don’t you tomy house for supper tonight? 5 Some friends are great just to have a ‘good time with, but real friends are the ones who you when you're in trouble. 6 I'mbusy at six o'clock but we could later, if you like. Say, eight thirty? Speaking 41 Workin pairs. Think about three of your friends. What kind of friend are they? Choose from the types in Exercise 8 Think also about how often you see these people and what things you do together. Discuss if your friendships are similar in any way > >> THE GENERATION GAP_ > FAMILY INFLUENCES > MEETING PEOPLE YOU KNOW t )reading changing attitudes in China * grammar the passive * pronunciation weak forms in passive verbs * speaking the generation gap 1b A confused generation Reading 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo accompanying the article below. Discuss the questions. 1. What does it show? 2. What do you think the matter is with the young girl? 3. Is this situation familiar to you? 2 Discuss what effects you think China's recent economic boom has had on the attitudes of the younger generation and the older generati 3 Read the article and compare your answers, Look back at the article and find examples of the following to show how attitudes are changing in China, * language caring for the old ‘© the relationship between parents and children, shopping + knowledge of the world 5 Do Bella’s parents seem to accept the changes that are happening in China or not? Do you think the changes are difficult for Bella too? Why? / Why not? Change brings problems. Bella lives with her parents in a brand new apartment in Shanghai. Her real name is Zhou Jiaying ~"Bella'is the name that she has ‘been given by her English teacher. Her parents are representative ofa confused ‘generation ina confused time. In modern Chinese society diferent ideologies {are fighting against each other. Enormous material benefits have been brought by Chinals economic boom, but the debate is not about these; it's about family life and values. Old values ~ the respect of family and the older generations ~ are being replaced by new ones which place money as the critical measurement of ‘ane’ position in society. Buta the same time these new values are also being {uestioned, Have our lives been made richer by all our new possessions? Is Chinese culture being supplanted? As in all changing societies people are trying to find the right balance between the inew’and old: Recently, Bellas family put their grandfather into a nursing home. Itwas a painful decision. in traditional China, caring for aged parents has always been an ing. Bella's ambition?“ want one day to put ‘my parents inthe best nursing home’ the best that money can buy, she means. "When she told us that’ Bell’ father says, thought ~ sit sesh to think she will bea dutiful and caring daughter and look after us? We don't want to be a burden ‘on her when we get old This is something my daughter has taught us. nceit. ‘was parents who taught children, but now we leam from them: The family can ‘buy many more things these days, and when they go shopping, Bella makes sure that the tight western brands are selected. (Pizza Huts her favourite restaurant.) unavoidable duty, but times ae cha ‘She also teaches her patents the latest slang. Her parents want to be supportive, but they no longer help with Bellas homework in spoken English she has surpassed them. She has already learnt ‘much more about the world outside than them. ‘Our advice isnot listened to and it is not wanted; her mother says. 'When she was itl, she agreed with all ‘my opinions, Now she sits there without saying anything, but know she doesn't ‘agree with me’ Bela glares, but says nothing.’ suppose our child-aising has been. a failureIn China there is no concept of the rebellious teenager. Grammar the passive 6 Workin pairs. Look at the examples of passive verbs from the passage (1-6). Then look at uses ofthe passive (a-d). Which are true and which are false? 1. Bella is the name that she has been given by her English teacher. 2 But at the same time these new values are also being questioned. “Have our lives been made richer by all our new possessions?” Is Chinese culture being supplanted? When they go shopping Bella makes sure that the ‘right’ western brands are selected. ‘Our advice is not listened to and it is not wanted’ her mother s a The person doing the action the agent ~ is not the main focus of the sentence. b_ We use from to introduce the agent in a passive sentence The agent is often unimportant or unknown — it is the action that interests us. The passive is often used because we want tostart a sentence with something that has, already been mentionedRelationships Present simple passive Jam given, youlwelthey are given, helshefit i given Present continuous passive | 1am being given, youlwerthey are being given, helshelit isbeing given Present perfect simple passive youlweithey have been given, helshelit has been given For further information and practice, see page 157, 41.3 Look atthe grammar box. Which of the verbs in bold in 1-6 below also sound natural in the passive? Transform the sentences from active to passive. Listen and check ‘There are many children like Bella in China. They " admire western brands, Their parents? have spoiled them a litle perhaps. Often these children ® receive a better education than their parents. Their parents“ send them to private schools and they ® encourage them to go to university In China the new economy is raising everyone's hopes. Pena There are various endings in English: fu, ish, -ent, -ious,-ive, used to form adjectives from nouns. support + supportive, rebel » rebellious For further information and practice, see Workbook page 11 weak forms in passive verbs 491.3 Work in pairs. Listen again tothe passive werbs used in Exercise 7, Which parts ofthe verb are stressed? Which are not stressed? Practise saying these sentences, putting stress on the main verbs and un-stressing the auxiliary verbs 1 Alot of changes have been introduced in China, Asa result, the average Chinese person has been given a better standard of living, Couples are only allowed to have one child. A lot of money is invested in each child’s future. But changes in this policy are being discussed. ‘The government has been concerned by the growing number of people over 60. Complete the sentences by putting the verb in the correct tense, active or passive. 1 ‘Children (grow) up much too quickly today. Girls of twelve (dress) as if they are eighteen.” "We (leave) behind by all the new technology they use.’ (Our grandparents harder than us, but they so much fun’ They (live) longer and longer and we (expect) to look after them. I's not fair’ ‘Our parents aren’t so different to us: they (listen) to the same music, for (probably / work) (not / have) example’ “In recent years respect for wisclom and knowledge (replace) by respect for ‘Trebelled against my parents, My children feel that the (expect) to rebel, but in fact they have nothing to complain about or rebel against ‘We (often / criticise) for being selfish and having no moral values, but that’s (spoil) by our parents’ fault: we them Work in groups. Discuss whether it was a young, person or an older person that said each of the items in Exercise 9. Which of the statements do you agree with? Do you think the ‘gap’ between your generation and your parents’ generation is greater than the one between your generation and the next generation? ETETET > your rnenos GIGS > AN INFORMAL EMAIL FAMILY INFLUENCES, [MEETING PEOPLE YOU KNOWreading immigrant families + critical thinking identifying the main aspect speaking family influences 1c Bloodlines Reading 41 Work in pairs. Why do you think people ‘emigrate? What difficulties do you think they face when they settle in a new country? Compare your ideas with another pait. 2 Read the article about immigrants in New York, Answer the questions. Then compare your answers with your partner. 1 Whats special about the area of Queens in New York? 2 What do Richard and Tanja’s families have in common? 3. What are the differences between Richard's and Tanja’s stories as immigrants? 3 Are the sentences true (1) or false () according to the article? 1 Immigrants in Queens feel attached to their new country. 2. People are much more interested in learning about distant ancestors than recent generations. 3. Some years after immigrating to America, ‘Tomas met his brother in New York by accident, 4 Richard’s grandmother has kept the family history alive, 5. Tanja’s mother wasn’t able to balance work with looking after her children’s education. 6 Tanja and her sister have chosen to have similar careers to their parents. 4 Look at the article and choose the correct explanation of each phrase 1a melting pot (para 1) a aplace of conflict b_ a place where all mix together © aplace which attracts 2 their ancestral roots (para 2) a where their family came from originally b_ how they got to America their parents’ character 3 one recurring theme (para 3) a sad fact common story © unusual quality 4 seeking his fortune (para 4) a hoping to get lucky looking for the right job looking for a way to get rich 5. amust (para 5) a agood thing b aright © anecessity Critical thinking identifying the main aspect 5 Work in pairs. This article deals with different aspects of emigration. Identify the aspects in each of the first three paragraphs. Compare your answers with another pair to check you have identified the same themes. 6 Read the personal accounts of the immigrants again. Which of the aspects do their stories pick up on? Which aspects are not really mentioned again? 7 Discuss what the main aspect, or message, is of this article. Then ask other pairs if they have reached the same conclusion Speaking 8 Look at these phrases from the passage describing family characteristics or traits and discuss what they ‘He Was clearly something of afree spirit. rents have a strong work ethic! "We've both inherited that desire to get ah 9 Look atthe questions below and note down your anawers. Then ask your partner about thei answers. Does family have a similarly strong influence in your lives? HOW DOES FAMILY SHAPE YOU? nly? | Would you sy you area close [How mach time do you pend with amy out oa sense of diy? * because you choose to? | Ts tamly a consideration for you in choosing where to ive [ How conscious ae you of your familys history | Isthere family trait? Have you inherited it? [ Ts there ahead ofthe family? How important isto ave this persons approval? [Ts there someone in the family you particularly admire? Why? 1 as your family infaenced the carer path that you have chosen? 1 When seking advice are you more likely totum to fends ox family? | How importants itt you that your amy approves of your partner? 1 Woutd you say your famuly members have the sane attitude to * bringing up children?Does America itself is well-known for being a melting pot of different ethnic groups and cultures, but nowhere is this diversity more pronounced than in Queens, New York. Here, second-generation Puerto Ricans live alongside third-generation Greeks and first- generation Koreans, all united by a common feeling of pride in their American identity However, they are also proud and curious about their ancestral roots. National Geographic's Genographic Project, known also as the Human Family Tree, set out to trace the origins and common ancestry of the various immigrants in this community by examining, their genetic makeup using a simple DNA test. The study was well supported by local residents, but often what was of more immediate interest to people was something, which intrigues us all: the history of our recent ancestry. In other words, how the grandparents and great-grandparents arrived in America, and what brought them there in the first place. One recurring theme among immigrants seems to be the hard work and sacrifices that went in to building a new life and how their descendants now feel a duty to honour their efforts by working hard too. Here are two Queens residents’ stories, CUZCAT » your rnenos [GI > AN wrormat emai. THE GENERATION GAP cn ig DLOOD LINES Richard, 38 My great-grandfather Tomas came to America from Poland when he was fifteen. His mother had become illand died, and his father remarried to be able to take car of his seven children. Tomas didnt like his stepmother, so he ran away to Belgium, where he boarded a ship to America - without a ticket. He was clearly something ofa free spirit Ariving in America with nothing, he got ajob onthe rllroads in California, Then one day he saw an announcement in a newspaper that was read by immigrant. I was from his brother in New York who was also seeking his fortune in America and was looking for him. Tomas got in touch and they had an emotional reunion in New York, where Tomas subsequently settled, This isthe story that my AN nronmat emai YOURFRIENDS > THE GENERATION GAP > FAMILY INFLUENCES > [TESNEOTES TUT 1 f twriting an informal email + writing skill greetings and endings * word focus get 1e News from home Writing an informal email 1 How often do you send news to friends and family? Do you communicate by letter, email, text message? 2 Read the email below from Ben to his friend, Fergus. Where is Ben and what is he doing there? How would you summarise the contents of each of the three paragraphs? Dear Fergus hope alls well with you. I've been meaning to write for ages, but my journal takes up a lot of my time, Please don't think is because | haven't been thinking about you all! have and I'm getting quite homesick. But | have to remind myself of why lam here, which is to try and get established as a freelance journalist and photographer. {1m now in Sri Lanka visting some tea plantations {and talking to people about how their lives have changed in the last 20 years or so. The countryside here is amazing. At the moment I'm in the hil ust outside Kandy which ate so lush and green, you wouldn't believe it. 'm trying to get an interview with one of the plantation owners that I can make into a feature for 2 magazine. Fingers crossed! So, my plan isto stay here until the end of September and then get a plane back to the UK to see if can find someone who will publish some o this stuff. would be great to get together with you then. How isthe fami? Is Sarah still working for that horrible estate agent? Do give them all my love. Il write again soon Al the best Ben 3 What features ofthe language in this letter tll you that itis in an informal style? Unit 1 Relationships 4 Writing skill greetings and endings Which of these other phrases for greeting and ending would be appropriate in an informal email toa friend or relative? All my love Best wishes Dear Mr Franks Dear Siror Madam Hello Hi John Kind regards Love Regards Warm regards Yours Yours faithfully Yours sincerely 5 Word focus get @ The verb get is used often in spoken or informal written English. Find five phrases / sentences in the letter where it is used. What does it mean in each case? Think of a synonym for get in each case. Bb Read the sentences. Match the uses of gt toa word with a similar meaning in the box. be (in passive sentences) catch do/ manage persuade reach receive Did you get my last letter? How have you been getting on in your new job? I gota virus which kept me in bed for two weeks We got delayed for four hours at the border. 5 I'm going to try to get him to come with me. 6 Ilcall you when Iget to London € Write three sentences of your own with get giving, recent news about yourself. Work in small groups and read them to each other. 6 Imagine you have been away from home for some time. Write an email (200 words) toa friend or family member to ask them for news from home and to give them your news. Try to use the verb get at least twice. 7 Work in pairs. Exchange letters. Check for the following: Is the use of tenses correct? + Is the style not too formal? *_ Did they use the correct greeting and ending?ImmigrationBefore you watch 1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss the questions. 1. Where are the people in the photo? 2. What do you think they are doing? 3. What does the caption tell us about the people? 2 Work in pairs. Write down five images you think you wil se in the video. An immigration officer checking the documents of a person arriving in the US by boat. While you watch 3 Watch the video and check your ideas from Exercise 2 4 Waich the first part of the video (to 02.30). Find and underline eleven errors. Write the correct information below the text Large numbers of immigrants have come to the United States since the early 17th century. Europeans settled mainly in the western half of the country. Immigrants from Asia and from Mexico settled mostly in the east and the northwest Between 1892 and 1954, Ellis Island in Los Angeles Harbour admitted seventeen million immigrants. In 1907, as many as eleven thousand people a week were processed, And today, four out of every five Americans can trace part of their family history directly back to Ellis Island. Many of these immigrants settled on the Upper East side of Manhattan. The Tenement Museum shows how harsh their living conditions could be. Families of eleven people lived in small apartments with just two rooms. On the other side of the country, families arrived at Devil's Island in California, where conditions were more relaxed for Asians. ‘contend with (\) skan'tend wit deal with a dtfiult situation discrimination (n) idskrum'ne1Jon/ treating a group of people in an unfair way iverse (ad) /dar'va:s! varied flee (vl! escape from hardship (n) ‘hardin something that makes life difficult Unit 1 Relationships 5 Watch the second part of the video (02.31 to the end). Answer these questions 1 How many legal immigrants arrive in the US each year? 2. What particular challenge is there along the US-Mexico border? 3. What have foreign-born citizens brought with them to the US? 4 How is the US economy affected by immigration? 5. What do immigrants usually share with people already living in the US? 6 How does this help the immigrants? After you watch 6 Roleplay arriving at Ellis Island Work in paits Student A: Imagine you are an immigrant to the US arriving at Ellis Island. Read the information below and make notes. Student B: Imagine you are an immigration officer at Ellis Island. Student A wants to enter the country as an immigrant. Read the information below and prepare questions to ask the immigrant. ‘* where you come from * your journey + why you want to come to the US Act out the interview, then change roles and act out the interview again 7 Lavinia Limon says, ‘We're in a much better position because we have maintained our immigration flows.’ What do you think she means? Do you agree with her? 8 Work in groups and discuss these questions. 1 What kind of problems do you think immigrants faced when they arrived in the United States in the 19203? 2. Do you think immigrants face similar problems today? 3 Do you think immigrants should try to keep the customs and values of their home countries, or adopt those of their new country? harsh (ad) ‘ha: unpleasant and difficult to live in Feap (6) zp’ jump partition (v)/pattfow divide shore (7) i/o! coast ‘tenement (n)'tenamant/ a large building divided into ‘apartments in a poor area of acityUNIT 1 REVIEW Grammar 1 Read the article below about families. Answer the questions, 1 Whats the difference between a nuclear and an extended family? 2 What are the benefits of an extended family? Underline the right present tense form to complete the text. Then check your answers with your partner: Work in pairs. Make a list of other advantages and disadvantages of living in an extended family. Then compare your answers with another pair. ‘When talking about far ‘making /s made between extended family and nuclear family, The nuclear family is the basic family unit of parents and children. The extended family is all the other members who *are related Ihave been related by blood and by marriage: aunts, uncles, grandparents, nieces, nephews, in- laws, etc. In the West, the importance of extended ‘amily *has decreased / has been decreased greatly in the last 50 years. But the extended family has many economic benefits. Grandparents *help / are helped with childcare and in turn they $are looked after / have been looked after when they are old by younger members of the family. Also, when houses and domestic chores “are sharing / are being shared by many, living costs are naturally lower. But in recent years more and more young people ”are choosing / have been choosing to ive in nuclear families and so the economics "have changed / have been changing. The older generation say that traditional family values *are losing | are being lost; but the more serious economic isue is that everyone's network of Vocabulary 4 Read each definition and then put in the correct word 1 Someone who is also studying, like you = a student 2. Someone you go on a trip with = a companion 3. Someone who you can really depend on =a friend 4 Someone you and another friend both know = a friend 5. Someone you share an apartment with = a 6 Someone you know but is not really a friend = 7 Someone you are related to by birth =a relative Work in pairs. Give details about one of the people in Exercise 4: * who you hang out with regularly + who you haven't kept up with. ‘© whose house you go round to regularly Real life 6 Put the sentences below into the right order to complete the conversation between Karen (K) and Jim (). Hello Jim. Fancy bumping into you here. 1 Great. Well, [should probably go. I'm in a bit of hurry to get to the bank, Of course I will. We should get together some time. You know ~ busy as ever. He's working for BP now in London, You too. Good luck with the work in New York. Not bad, thanks. What have you been up to? Have you? That's sounds exciting. You're looking well. Thanks. You too. How’s David getting on these days? Well, do give him my regards. Yes, that would be nice. I'l get in touch when I'm back next month. J: Well, it was great to see you. J: I've been working in New York for the past month, J: Oh hello, Karen. What a nice surprise! How are things? K: K: Work in pairs. Imagine you meet each other in the street by accident. Act out a similar conversation Speaking 8 Work in pairs. Tell each other about a relationship with a family member or friend that is important in yout life support '®has been taking / has been taken away.ect word, companion] relativg ople in mplete ofa — Dine FEATURES Work in pairs. Look at the photo and the caption. What do you know about this man? Listen to a conversation about now in The film of the book different accounts of his life. Answer the questions, ; When is a good book also a 1. What facts about his life do the speakers mention? good film? 2. How are the film and book different? ng well days? A close shave What are the opposites of these adjectives? Which ones did the speakers use to describe the documentary and the biography about Senna? Listen again and check, Two reporters have a scary im back encounter accurate biased fair objective partial sympathetic Once upon a time ... eae The brothers Grimm master storytellers nth things? B Match the adjectives (1-5) with the genres (a-e) 4 sentimental, touching thriller creepy, scary historical drama fast-moving, gripping science fiction original, thought-provoking romantic comedy powerful, authentic horror History of film 1 A video about how film. 5 4 making has developed Describe to your partner a book or film you have enjoyed recently. Would you like to see the film or read the book your ith a partner has described? fe. [DUTT A FAMOUS WRITER OR FILMMAKER NARROW ESCAPES STORYTELLING YOUR REACTIONS TO STORIES. [9 storybooks and films « simple * the letter / + ‘the film of the book * past simple and present perfect ‘a famous writer or filmmaker The film of the book books and films Work in pairs. Look at the photo below. What kind of film do you think this was a location for? Do the words in the box relate to books, films or both? Put them into three categories. audience author best-seller blockbuster box office cast chapter characters director location plot. portrayal producer publisher readers scene screenwriter script setting storyline theme trilogy Match words from the books list and the films list to make pairs of words that are related. What is the difference between the words in each pair? Compare your list with another pair, Example: author and screenwriter — the author is the writer of a book, a screenzoriter writes the script ofa film There ae often word which are coven meaning butot tact the same, Or they have the same mening but fer For further information and practice, see Workbook page 19. Work in pairs. Ask each other the questions. 1 Do you like to see film adaptations of books you have read? 2 Do you sometimes read a book because you have seen the film? What do you think is the secret of making a good film adaptation of a book? Tell your partner if you agree with a, b or c, Then listen to an interview with a film criticand say which answer he gives. 1. toremain completely faithful to the details of the story and the characters in the book b_ to remain faithful to the spirit and main themes of the book © tocreate a story that works on film, even if tis not, faithful to the book6 17 Answ + the questions. Then listen again and check. 1 What do people generally think are the ingredients for a box office success? ‘What does the critic say about the success of film adaptations of books? What are Sense and Sensibility and The Shining examples of, according to the critic? What does the critic compare making a good film from a book to? What is the central theme of The Lord ofthe Rings? Why was it difficult to reproduce the world J.RR. Tolkien created? 7 How did director Peter Jackson compensate for leaving out elements of the story in the book? Work in groups. Discuss the questions, Have you seen any good film adaptations of books? And any bad ones? What made them good and bad? Were the reasons similar to the ones described by the critic? Grammar past simple and present perfect simple 8 Work in pairs. Match each sentence from the listening text (1-5) to one of the uses of the past simple (a-e). 1. Some film adaptations have worked, others have flopped. ‘What is the secret?" That was the question | put earlier to Mark Mowlam He has followed the progress of many book-to- film adaptations in his time. ‘The author, Tolkien, created a magical world. Ithas become one of the most successful films of all time. When the action is clearly linked to a specific time in the past we use the past simple. When the experience is more important than. the time and the time is not stated we use the present perfect. We use the present perfect to talk about people's, life experiences. Ifthe person is dead we must use the past simple to talk about their lives. When we talk about a period of time that is not finished we use the present perfect (e.g. over the past few weeks, this year) even if the action itself is finished. Unit 2 Storytelling Pom nee Past simple I visited / He visited I didn’ vs. id you visit. ? Present perfect simple I have visited /She has visited Ihave not visited Have you visited ..? For further information and practice, see page 158. Look at the grammar box. Then put each verb in these pairs of sentences into the correct form, past simple or present perfect simple. Yes, | know. There (be) a great (write) a play for radio. you (see) No, but (see) it before. cy) 9 Pronunciation the letter / © 1.8 Listen to three words which contain the letter I. Notice how is pronounced in three ways. Listen again and repeat. 1 asaclear | before a vowel sound location 2. adark/ before a consonant sound film 3. silent! would 491.9 Listen to these words and say which sound you hear (1,201 3), Compare your answers with your partner. Then practise saying each word calm child details faithful to loyal plot screenplay trilogy walk best-seller felt half should told Writing and speaking 41. Think about a living writer or filmmaker. Make notes about their life and work. Then describe this person’s work to your partner. Ask questions. > NARROW ESCAPES > STORYTELLING > YOUR REACTIONS TO STORIESatrue story * past tenses review * contracted negative forms * narrow escapes A close shave Read the story below about three encounters two National Geographic reporters had with Work in pairs. Discuss how you would react if faced rhinos on the same day. What did the rhinos do with the following dangerous situations. What do you in each case and how did the people react? think would be the right thing to do? Look at the eight highlighted verbs in the ¢ a snake showing its teeth at you article and guess their meaning from the ¢ a shark swimming near you context. Then check in a dictionary to see if + abear approaching when you are eating a picnic you were right, Have you had any ‘close shaves’ with dangerous What etiertines tet tee of these veri larre ort animals? What happened? Tell the class. the story? National Park in India is home to two of the world's most endangered species: the tiger and the single-horned rhino, Photographer Steve Winter and writer Douglas Chadwick had only been working there a few days when they had a rather frightening close shave with some rhinos. ‘They were driving into the park to start filming, when their guide stopped the jeep to move a turtle from the middle of the road just ahead of them. Winter, Chadwick and. ‘their guard got out to stretch their legs and watch. But when Chadwick turned to look Up the road, he saw something terrible. ‘About 50 metres away, a rhino was charging at them. Rhinos can sprint at more than 40 kilometres an hour, so there was no time to leap back in the car. Instinctively, the ‘guard fired a shot into the ground just in front of the rhino. The crack of the rifle and the dirt that the bullet kicked up was enough to distract their attacker and he veered off into ‘the grass seconds before reaching them. ‘Shaken, but relieved the incident had not been worse, they drove on. As they were ‘entering the forest area on a raised section of road, three young rhinos climbed onto. the road in front of them. The jeep stopped hurriedly, but this time the animals seemed uninterested and disappeared into the forest. Just then, however, the mother of the three, who had been keeping an eye on her young, came crashing through the trees from their left. No time to shoot this time. The female rhino slammed into the side of the jeep and started to ‘wrestle it off the road. Indian rhinos don’t use their horns in a fight; instead they bite and this female's teeth were gouging deep into the side of the jeep. The guide had laid down a rule for his, ‘quests at Kaziranga ~‘No one is allowed to bbe scared.” But his quests were breaking the tule, praying the driver could get them out . With the engine screaming, at last skidded free. Even then the rhino them and it was only 150 metres ‘gave up the chase.Unit 2 Storytelling Grammar past tenses review 6 Look atthe grammar box. Match the tenses (1-4) with their uses (a-d). Then find other examples of the tenses in the article. past continuous past simple past perfect simple past perfect continuous to describe the main events in sequence, ie. one after another > torefer to an action that happened earlier Le not in the main sequence of events © todescribe a (background) event in progress around the time of the main event to describe an action in progress before or up to the main event(s) in the past foacnau Past continuous They were driving into the park to stat filming, when their quide stopped the jeep. Past simple Winter, Chadwick and their guard got out to stretch their legs and watch. Past perfect simple Shaken, but relieved the incident had not been worse, they drove on. Past perfect continuous Winter and Chadwick had only been working there a few dys when they had a very cose shave. For further information and practice, ee page 158. 7 Complete the summary of Winter and Chadwick's story using the past tense of the verbs given. Use contracted forms where possible. Steve Winter and Douglas Chadwick, who , (work) in Kaziranga National Park, 5 (have) three close encounters with rhinos all on the same day. Before entering the park, their guide * (tell) them not to be afraid, so they * (be / not) especially worried, but clearly the incidents» (shock) them. They * (know) that filming in the Park was dangerous work, but they : (not / expect) to meet danger quite so soon or so frequently. But it® (not / stop) them carrying on! 8 Pronunciation contracted negative forms @ 41.10 Listen to the summary in Exercise 7 and Circle the verbs where the speaker uses contracted forms. How many syllables does each contracted form contain? IUETINY > aramous warrer on rummaxer > EIN UI > asrory b 41.11 Workin pairs. Read these other phrases to each other. Say how many syllables each contracted negative form has. Listen and check. 1. Thaven’t been to India. 5 I hadn't noticed. 2. Itisn't far. 6 They weren't late. 3. You aren't allowed. 7 She hasn't called, 4 Itdoesn’t matter. 8 We didn't care. 9 Complete these reports of lucky escapes by putting each verb in the most appropriate past tense. Use contracted forms where possible. THE NEAR MISS (mountain-bike) with a friend in Wales and we (ust finish) a Jong off-road climb out of the Dysynni Valley. ie (ain) earlier but now the sun (shine) and we * (feel) quite warm. Since the rest of the route ‘was downhill on tarmac roads, |* (take) off my bike helmet and” (set) off. Suddenly the road * (become) very steep and the bike” (pick) up speed quickly. There was a turn ahead in the road and I knew | was going to crash. The bike ® (go) straight into a wall, but luckily |. THE UNEXPECTED Mr Charles Everson and his wife Linda i (drive) home from church, fone Sunday when a cow "* (fall) from the sky and ** (land) on the bonnet of their van. The cow, which a (escape) from a breeding farm, » (graze) too close to the edge of ‘a cliff next to the road and (slip) ‘and plunged 200 feet. When the emergency services" (arrive) at the scene they . 10 41.12 Complete the last sentence of each story. Then listen to the stories and check your answers to Exercise 9. Compare your endings with what you hear. Speaking 11. Prepare a description ofa time that you had a near ‘or lucky escape. Choose one of the following themes. Use each tense at least once. Then tell your story to your partner. When you come near to the ‘end, stop and ask your partner what they think happened next + escaping injury or physical accident ‘+ ascary incident when something unexpected happened + getting away with something you did wrong > STORYTELLING > YOUR REACTIONS TO STORIESreading the brothers Grimm * critical thinking close reading * word focus keep * writing and speaking storytelling 2c Once upon a time ... Critical thinking close reading Reading 1 Work in pairs. What were your favourite stories asa child? Tell your partner what they were about and why you still remember them. Look at these titles of fairy tales by the brothers Grimm. Discuss the questions. Cinderella Little Red Riding Hood Sleeping Beauty Snow White The Elves and the Shoemaker The Frog Prince Which of these fairy tales is depicted in the photo on page 27? Which of them are well known in your country? ‘What is the name for them in your language? Is the name similar or very different? Where did the stories in Exercise 2 come from originally and what did the brothers Grimm do to them? Read the article and find out: Look back at the article and find significant (or surprising) facts about the following: 1. the popularity of the Grimms’ fairy tales now the popularity of the Grimms’ fairy tales at the time 3. Germany at the time the brothers were writing 4. the stories of Little Red Riding Hood and Snow White 5. the attitude of parents to the stories The writer uses various words and expressions associated with fairy tales. Find these words and expressions and match them with the definitions below. a long time ago (para 1) the opposite of a hero (para 1) clever and knowledgeable (para 1) distant countries (para 1) the lesson to be learnt (para 5) a. woman (often bad) who does magic (para 6) the opposite of kind (para 6) for the rest of time (para 7) What conclusions can you draw about the brothers Grimm from reading this article? According to the text, are these statements true (T) or false (F)? Or is there not enough information (N) to say if the statements are true or false? 1 They were very motivated young men. 2. The brothers had an academic interest in these stories. Their aim was to write down stories that had previously been told orally. They were interested in the stories themselves, not the social message behind them. Wilhelm disliked the cruelty and violence in reached the mass audience that the brothers had wished them to. Work in pairs. Summarise the brothers Grimms’ achievement, according to the writer. Word focus keep Work in pairs, Find three phrases with the word, keep in the passage. Discuss what each one means. ‘Then do the same with the phrases in these sentences, 1. Please keep an eye on the time. We mustn't leave any later than ten thirty. 2. Try to keep your chin up. I know you must be frustrated with the lack of progress, but I'm sure things will get better. I wouldn’t tell him your news just yet, if were you. He's not very good at keeping a secret. Technology is moving so fast these days. It’s difficult to keep track of all the changes, Sorry, don’t want to keep you. Ijust need to ask you a quick question. always think it’s a good idea to keep a diary when you are travelling — to look back on later. Writing and speaking 9 10 Think of a traditional story or fairy tale you know ‘well. Make notes on the main elements of the story. Use a dictionary if necessary. ‘Work in pairs. Tell each other your story as you remember it, or tell the same story but in a modern setting. When you have each other’s stories, change partner and tell your new partner the story you were told.Once Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story ~ one with magic and danger, royalty and villains. At school they met a wise man ‘who led them to a treasure —a library of old books with tales more enchanting than any they had ever heard Inspired, the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they produced their own treasure ~a book of fairy tales that ‘would charm millions in faraway lands for generations, tocome. g others othe ‘Or he hese ad ‘The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named theie story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection has been translated into more than 160) languages, from Tnupiat in the Arctic to Swahil in Africa, As a world publishing phenomenon it competes with the Bible. ‘The stories and their characters continue to feature invirtually every media: theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising, fashion. The Japanese have built two theme parks devoted to the tales. In the United States the Grimms' collection helped launch Disney as a media giant m to, nd Es Such fame would have shocked the humble Grimms Daring their lifetimes the collection sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even aimed at children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as patriotic students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been ‘occupied by the French under Napoleon. The new rulers suppressed local culture. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began work on the fairy tale collection inorder to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. et. t's 'g Long before the Grimms’ time, storytelling thrived in inns, barns and the homes of peasant women. During Winter nights, as they sat spinning wool, women kept each other company and entertained themselves with tales of adventure, romance and magic. Altogether, 40, such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many if them coming to their house in Kassel. One of them, ‘Marie’, was credited with narrating many of the most famous tales: Little Red Riding Hood, Snow White and Sleping Beauty. But these were not from the German tal tradition. Marie had had French nannies who ary later. odern oarseness (7) k>:snas! being rough and down-to-earth; a lack of sophistication or refinement {folklore (n)fo0k, oi! the traditional songs, storie, proverbs, legends of a society anny (n) nxn’ a woman paid to look after young children spin) spin! to make natural fibre (ike wool) into thread story GIG > story STINET > A FAMOUS WRITER OR FLMIMAKER > NARROW ESCAPES > KRISATIMINTA > YOUR REACTIONS To STORIES Unit2 Storytelling retold stories to her that they themselves had read in a collection written by Charles Perrault in 1697, Tales of My Mother Goose ‘Although the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales, Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale, and ‘emphasised gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as ‘a manual of manners.’ To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve Of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. Yet despite all Wilhelm’s additions, the core of these stories was left untouched, in all their medieval coarseness, The cruel treatment of children (the children Hansel and Gretel are put in a cage by a witch and then fattened ready for eating), the violent punishments handed out to the stories’ villains (in the original Snow White the evil stepmother is forced to dance in red-hot iron shoes until she falls down dead), are too much for some parents. ‘So what accounts for their popularity? Some have suggested itis because the characters are always striving, for happiness, But the truth probably lies in their origin Grimms tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries of age or culture. The brothers’ skill ‘was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our reading of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily eve after. fe ¢real life reacting to stories + pronunciation linking and assimilation 2d What a disaster! Real life reacting to stories 4 Pronunciation linking and assimilation 41 Work in pairs. What kind of things do you @ 1.14 Listen to these short responses. Notice how final often go wrreng Gay-to-day?coenpltersn the underlined sounds are either linked as in been transport, things in the house, forgetting things? a or assimilated as in what did, where the tof what Fai disappears and is replaced by the d of did. Repeat 2 1.13 Look at these extracts from six personal each phrase. 5 : accounts of things that went wrong. Discuss seen are what you think happened next. Then listen and That must have been a relief f check So what did you do? 1 The bus broke down on the motorway, so we fy 41.18 Work in pairs. Underline the sounds in these were all let stranded until help could arrive. sentences that you think are linked or assimilated. 2. My trousers got caught on the door handle Then listen and check. Practise saying the sentences, and as I walked away they tore. Tbent the key trying to force it into the door lock and when I tried to straighten the key it snapped. 4 The lft got stuck between floors 25 storeys up and two of the occupants were completely Linked Assimilated 1 Whatanightmare! 5 That was good thinking, 2 Oh, that's awful 6 Asimilar thing, Poor you! happened to me 3. How embarrassing! 4 Really? That’s odd panic-stricken, 5 The tyres on my bicycle were badly worn 5 Work in a groups. Choose one of the following and when Ihit a bump in the road one of topics each and prepare to tell a short story about them burst. something that happened to you. Those listening to 6 My computer froze without any reason while _the story should react. Lvies eons * atime you were lost or stranded something embarrassing that happened to you 3 1.13 Look at the responses below: Can you 4 minor accident you had remember which ones were used in each of the conversations in Exercise 2? Tell your partner. Then listen again and check your answers. a computer problem panicked «A situation where something broke or got stuck te eee el areata Oh thats anal geet! What a disaster! 4 wri Oh, that’s really awkward, Poor you! @ Loo What a nightmare! stor Really? That's odd. way Really? How strange! ten Commenting on a good outcome ‘to bad situation Phew! That must have been a relief, That was clever That was good thinking That was lucky That was a stroke of luck ‘Talking about similar experiences lan sympathise with that. Yeah, | think I would have done the same thing Yeah, a similar thing happened to me once. Yeah, | once had the same experience EDIUZEGTY > a rawous Warrer on FILMMAKER > NARROWESCAPES > sTORYTELUNG > EUMTETETNSTESTIS EG > Astoryre i 2e A real-life drama Writing a story Look at the words in bold in these sentences. Try to work out their meaning from the context. Then check in 1 Read the opening paragraph from a story a dictionary to see if you were right. Beet Peart qusssonn Speaking 1 ‘Help’, she screamed, ‘that man, running away. He's 1 What happened to Rowan? just stolen my wallet’ 2. How are the two characters inthe story 2. They continued on their way, but Jake could tell feeling? that Jess was unhappy, because she kept muttering under her breath. He mumbled something about it being unfair, but | couldn't catch his exact words. ed. 4. ‘Ok. Let's try your way then’, she said wearily. She nces, had lost the energy to argue. 5 ‘Tl go first he said bravely, but she could see that 2 Workin pairs. Identify the events and actions these in the story. Put them in chronological order. Moving 6 We edged our way along the narrow path, conscious of the steep drop to our left. 7 When he heard the car arrive, he leapt to his feet and ran to the door ut 8 She stumbled on a rock and almost fell, but then gto regained her balance. f 9. We walked briskly for the next hour but then a reverted to a more usual pace. 10 She turned apprehensively towards the door, wondering whether she should enter © Do you know any other verbs that describe a particular way of speaking or moving? Tell the class. ck 5 Write the ending of the story (at least five sentences) Try to use some descriptive verbs and adverbs, but don’t overuse them! 3 Why does the writer choose to start the story at the point when Rowan cries out? 6 Exchange your ending with your partner. Use these 4 Writing skill using descriptive words artes ae eee oe recat @ Look at the highlighted expressions in the ‘+ Have they used the different past tenses correctly? story. Which describe movement and which a ‘= Have they included some descriptive verbs and way of speaking? Discuss the exact meaning adverbs? of each expression. 7 Then read other stucents’ stories, Decide which ending you like best. | Do RRO ea ee ee eae Teed {29} Cocos 5 Na .Before you watch 1 Work in groups. Look atthe photo and discuss the questions 1 What do you think the man in the photo is, doing? 2. When do you think the photo was taken? 3. Why do you think the photo is made up of several images? You are going to watch a video about the history of film. Tick the things and people you think you will see in the video. actors arriving at an awards ceremony the Arctic Charlie Chaplin ‘a documentary filmmaker an earthquake anold film projector an Oscar statue a scene from an animated film scene from a melodrama While you watch 3 Watch the video and check your answers from Exercise 2. Which other early actor is mentioned in the video? Watch the first part of the video (to 01.36). Number the events in the order they happened. ‘The projector was developed. People watched films in arcades. Hollywood became the centre of the studio system. d Melodramas became popular. Actors became part of a new American aristocracy, Edison and Dickson invented the kinetoscope. Vatch the second part of the video (01.37 to the end). Answer the questions. 1 What has film allowed us to do outside of Hollywood? Name four events that the video shows being covered by early newsmen. Name two unusual activities you see as examples of how documentary filmmakers have used the camera in new ways. How have studio blockbusters influenced documentaries? Unit 2 Storytelling 6 Watch the video again. Complete the phrases with the missing time expressions, 1 film has captured the imagination of audiences all over the world. z , inventors realised they could create the illusion of motion by presenting a quick succession of pictures. , projection allowed large audiences to view the spectacle at the local cinema or nickelodeon. , the emerging film studio system was centred in Hollywood, California. ‘newsmen carried cameras looking for real spectacles and history in the making. documentary filmmakers have ‘med to borrow from the studio blockbusters, After you watch 7 Roleplay an interview with an actor or actress Work in pairs. Student A: Imagine you are a famous Hollywood actor or actress. Choose who you want to be. Read the information below and make notes. Student B: You are going to interview a famous Hollywood actor or actress. Read the information, below and prepare questions. © background ‘© career to date (films and other work) ‘© how Hollywood has changed over the years Act out the interview, then change roles and act out the interview again. Stucent B should choose: different actor or actress. 8 Work in groups and discuss these questions 1 What kind of films do you prefer watching? 2 Do you enjoy watching documentaries? Why? / Why not? 3. How important isthe film industry in your country? arcade (n) a:'keul/a passage with a roof and shops on. booth sides ‘entrancing (ad) in tra:nsn! fascinating lickering (ad) skarin/quick-moving and not very clear landmark (n)urndma:k! an important historical moment loop (n) uzp'a circle melodrama (n)meladruima/ an old style of drama that has exaggerated emotion and action nickelodeon (n) ikal'a0xjan/ an old type of cinema peep () [prp! look at something with dificulty projection (n pra'ckfan! showing film on a screen ‘inseltown (n) /insaltaun/ another name for Hollywood ‘tain (v /tein/ point a camera lens at something vaudeville (n)vaidavil a type of variety showUNIT 2 REVIEW ye Grammar 11 Complete the story below about a narrow escape told by wildlife photographer Neil Brompton. Put each verb into the correct tense: present perfect simple, past simple, past continuous, past perfect simple or past perfect continuous, LL 1 __ film) lions alot - ever since | was 25 years old - and |? (never / have) serious problems with them. Strangely,’ __(feel) ‘most at danger when lions* _ (want) to play. | remember an expedition a few years ago in Tanzania. |*___ (st) in my tent reading just after sunset. One of our guides* (call) out ‘Lion! That ”____ (not /be) particularly unusual, sol*___ (not / take) much notice. But when the guide __(call) out again | looked ‘out and saw that two lions (slowly / approach) our camp. We" (park) our car some distance away ‘and it was too far to reach. $01" ___(run) back to the tent and quickly (zip) it up. | could hear a lot of noise coming from the kitchen, so 1'* (@ssume) the guides %____ (go) back there to make a noise to scare the lions off.1'*__ (wait) ten minutes and when the noise ”___(die) down a bit, | ™ (look) out again, The two guides (lock) themselves in the car. The lions themselves were gone but where they (play) in the kitchen, there was an incredible mess of pots and pans and spilled food. 2 Work in pairs. Answer these questions. 1 Where did Neil hide from the lions? 2. What dic Neil think the guides had done to save the situation? 3. What had actually happened? ean talk about past experience (present perfect ‘and past simple ) se narrative tenses to tell a story or give fan account of events Vocabulary 3 Choose the correct words. Real LL 1 Adocumentary should be biased / impartial and factually ‘accurate / authentic 2 The author / publisher of a book must make sure the characters /cast are believable. 3. I'm reading a thriller. The script plot is very gripping / touching. 4. The film gives the audience /cast a very realistic scene / portrayal of life in nineteenth-century England. 5 The film was a best-seller / blockbuster based on a science fiction book with some very thought-provoking / sympathetic ideas. Work in pairs, Describe a film of a book you have read. Was ita successful adaptation? How faithful was it to the book? ean describe films and books talk about the different elements of a film or book fe 5 Match the piece of news (1-6) with a response (a-f) 1 My pen leaked and ink went all over my jacket and my shirt, but it came out in the wash 2. ‘The garden vas OK Been wehad asked a nighbour fl to water it while we were away | 3. When I got home at midnight all the lights in the house J were on, but no one was there. | 4 Twentall the way to London to get my new passport only to find the office is closed on Mondays: 5 He asked me for my honest opinion, so I gave it 6 picked up the phone and started reading the messages and then I realised it was my boss's phone a. Poor you! b_ Yes, I think I would have done the same thing, Really? That's odd. d_ That must have been a relief. e How embarrassing! f That was good thinking Work in pairs. Tell each other about something bad (embarrassing, annoying, a narrow escape, et.) which happened to you recently 1eAN react to stories in a natural way Speaking 7 Work in small groups. Use the first and last lines below to make your own fairy tale. When you are ready each person should tell the story toa member of another group. There'were once two neighbours, one very lazy and the other very hard-working ‘And so it was that these two, who had béén éfiemies for so, long, became the greatest of friends. 2 com ti a ia- Science and technology ly 4 eri 7 mips To ao” FEATURES How much do you depend on technology in your day-to-day life and work? How affected are you if you lose your phone or . Ietechne loci tie ifyour computer ershes? answer? Work in pairs. Look at the photo and read the caption. Solving the problem of Now Took a the words below In which ofthe aeas ithe ererseainien technological reakthrough inthe photo? In which area do You think the main breakthrough ofthe next 50 yeas wl Revealed world come? The smart technology ofthe a its cea at medicine space exploration transport One size doesn’t © : . You ae going olisten to three people making ell predictions about the future. Read their predictions. What The use of technology inthe Fustication do you think Uy will mak for thelr prediction? developing world Listen an check Ea ea cally 1 Lexpect that most of my generation will liv tobe around 100 years ol erences u TIPO lb cpl el be interacting with inaligant Dw applications for 3G machines even more than they do now. technology 3 Idon’t think global warming is going tobe the problem P that everyone says it is. z Which of the predictions do you think will come true? aes 4 FITETST OVERPOPULATION PREDICTIONS TECHNOLOGICALSOLUTIONS _TECHINCAL HELP 33 [CCE eman requestsee oe | future forms review * ov Seno Ray eke Work in groups. Look at the photo. Which of these following problems does it illustrate? congestion epidemic overpopulation pollution poverty starvation Which of these problems could have a technological solution? 641.17 Read the opinions (1-4) Then listen to the presentation about overpopulation. Match the opinion with the people (a-). 1 Whenever the population is too big, a disaster happens and reduces it Many people will die because there is not enough food for the growing population. ience and technology will find a solution to the problem of overpopulation a the speaker b Thomas Malthus ¢ Paul Ehrlich in American English «|e 491.17 Listen again, Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? 1 The speaker has some ideas for action which can immediately solve the problem of overpopulation. 2. Paul Ehrlich thought that we should control the number of babies being born. 3. There will be s of the century. 4. Nanotechnology has saved the world from mass starvation. 5. There is not enough space on the Earth for nine billion people. 6 The growth in the ‘global middle ch on resources. 7 According to the speaker, people are basically lazy. They will only act when they have to, sn billion people in the world by the middle s' will put big pressure What is the meaning of each underlined prefix in these words from the passage? Match the prefix (1-6) to the meaning (a-f) 1 biofuels avery small 2 nanotechnology b very big 3. megacities © extremely 4 microphone 4. of life or living things 5 © half 6 x10 Eee There are many prefixes in English taken from Latin and Greek, each of which have a particular meaning microphone, megacty For further information and practice, see Workbook page 27. Do you share the speaker's faith in science and technology? Why? / Why not?Unit 3 Science and technology 7 Pronunciation /r/ and /t/ in American English @ 1.18 The speaker ofthe passage is American. Listen to these words from the passage. What can you say about how she pronounces the letter? And the letter #2 answer better birth eating first. heart megacities part rate world b 1.19 Now listen to these phrases sai by an ‘American speaker, Witein the missing words, How do you think a Belish speaker would pronounce /r/ and /t/ in these phrases? 1 metres 4 a letter 2 an site 5 a birthday 3 a bar 6a beater € 1.20 Listen and check. Grammar future forms review Gites will One moment, Ii just adjust my microphone, ‘twill be a bad thing forthe planet if all those people start eating meat and driving big cas. The population will probably peak at around 9 billion by the middle ofthe century. going to Tm nat going to speak for too long. Those of you who have come here looking for answers {are going to be disappointed. about to ‘Science is bout to step in again with nanotechnology solutions Present continuous 11m speaking to @ government committee tomorrow. Present simple Oh, by the way, one more thing: the necessity train artives in half an hour For further information and practice, see page 158. 8 Look at the grammar box. Match the verb forms (1-5) with their uses (a-i). Some verb forms have more than one use. 1 will 4 present continuous 2 going to 5 present simple 3 about 10 a scheduled or timetabled event a future event in an if or when clause a prediction a confident prediction based on present information a decision made at the time of speaking an intention or previously made decision a formal arrangement a simple statement of fact an event in the immediate future me nace 9 Underline the correct future forms in this presentation. Sometimes there i more than Ene possibilty. high * we wat / we'll wat afew moments nti (oe "aries [will ave OK, am beginning jn now. Helo everyone and thank you for coming to hear my presentation about appropriate technology lam about to / going to speak for about 50 minutes and then |2 wil tae fam taking your Guestions If there *1s/is going tobe anything that you don't understand, please ask me then rather than daring the presentation My colleague, Lise! Babe, "lls stalking this afternoon In te green seminar room, I people would lke to lean more about appropriate technology think her session ila i starting at two o'clock, She® fs speaking / Vl sak about Her experience Inthe fel, working tn various development projets in Aca. OK % going to show! show you short film now, oe someone at the back please turn the lights dow 10 1.21 Complete the radio news headlines about ‘overpopulation using an appropriate future form ‘Then listen and check. 1 World leaders (meet) in Geneva tomorrow to discuss the issue of overpopulation. 2. Inthe next few weeks, the government (introduce) a fee for each child that couples have after their first two children. 3. Scientists say that space colonies (be) the only solution for overpopulation in the ‘meclium term. 4 Doctors have said that in future they (not / spend) so much effort keeping the od alive. 5. The government (launch) a new education programme later today to encourage women to have fewer children, 6 People (have to) change their lifestyles if they (want) the world’s resources to support the growing population in the coming years. 411 Work in pairs. Underline all the time expressions in the sentences in Exercise 10. Then put them in order of the nearest to the most distant future. Compare your answers with another pair. 9 Speal 42. Work in groups. Decide which of the ideas in Exercise 10, or one of your own, are the best course of action for dealing with overpopulation. Then explain your plan and the reasons for it to the rest of the class. ca >> EMAIL REQUESTS, TNA > KEVENEUUSUEN > previcrions > TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS. > TECHINCAL HELP‘speaking information age * reading augmented reality * ‘grammar future continuous and future perfect simple * speaking predictions 3b Revealed world Speaking 4. Work in pairs. What information (news, travel advice, maps, a grammar rule, etc.) do you get through printed media and what through digital media? Reading 2. Work in pairs. Look at the picture and the labels. Which information would you find useful or interesting if you were a visitor in Washington D.C.? What other information might you want? 3 Read the article about augmented reality and complete the table. meer ace er tra (orate eal Gear ae) }2 [iagenreeriprenocrettosererta Examples of augmented reality [3 oe already inuse information overload, computer graphics | The kind of information we willbe | For further information and practice, able to access: iS fee Workbook page 27 Devices we will use tosee the [6 one ane hn ature applications for augmented [8 REVEALED cribareneless 9 WORLD By Tim Folger The regular world presented to us by our five senses - you could clit reality 1.0 is not always the most user-friendly of places. We getlostin unfamiliar cites; we meet people whose language we don't understand. So why not try the improved version: augmented reality (AR) or elity 20? AR technology superimposes computer-generated images on the eal world, via a mobile phone camera or special video glasses. Ealy forms of AR are already here. With the right downloads, smart phones can deliver information about nearby ATMs and restaurants and other points of intrest. But thats just the beginning. few years from now the quantity of information availabe will have increased enormously You will nt only see that theresa Chinese restaurant on the next block, you will be able to see the menu and prices read reviews ofitand even find outhow busy itisat the time This where the next revolution in computing wil tak plac: notin ever-more sophisticated games that exist ina virtual reality world, butratherin the interface between the real world and te information brought tous via the internet. Imagine bubbles floating before your eyes, filled with coo! information [ATM (automatic telling machine) (r about anything and everything that you see in front of you. Information overload? Perhaps not. Let's jump ahead to ten years from now. A person trying to fix their car won't be looking a a repair manual online ora book with illustrations; they will be wearing a device that projects animated 3-D computer graphics onto the equipment under repair labelling parts and giving step-by-step guidance. Such technology is already being used by trainee mechanicsin the US. The window onto the AR world can be a smart phone or special video glasses that look like wraparound sunglasses. But inten years time these will have been replaced by contact lenses, ‘etched with tiny LEDs, which display text and images at a readable distance in front ofthe eye. Soa deaf person wearing these inconspicuous lenses wll beable to see a real-time transcript of what people are saying as they speak. The question is: while we are all absorbed in our new ‘augmented reality worlds, how will we be interacting with each other? vencuues ConoNA sn a place for withdrawing money also a‘cash-point’ or ‘hole inthe wall float (v) lout to hang, supported, in the air or on water inconspicuous (a) /kon'spikjuas! not easily noticedUnit 3 Science and technology 4 Discuss the questions. Then tell the class what you think 1 Which of the AR applications described in the article do you think will be really useful? 2 Can you think of any other possible applications? 3. What do you think is the answer to the author's final question? Grammar future continuous and future perfect simple 5 Look at the sentences (a-e) from the article and the verbs in bold. Answer the questions. 1 Which sentences describe an action in progress ata certain time in the future? 2 Which sentences describe an action completed before a certain point of time in the future? aA few years from now th information available enormously. b Ten years from now a person trying to fix their car won't be looking at a repair manual. ©. They will be wearing a device that projects animated 3-D computer graphics onto the equipment under repair. d_Inten years time this device will have been replaced by contact lenses etched with LEDs. e But in our new augmented reality worlds, how will we be interacting with each other? ise ea ers Future continuous We will be using We won't (will nt) be using Will we be using ..? Future perfect simple We will have used. We won't (will not) have used Will we have used ..? quantity of, have increased cere rd Speal 7 Work in groups. Discuss the predictions for mobile 6 Look at the grammar box. Complete predictions (1-10) for mobile technology made by various industry experts by putting the verb in the future continuous or future perfect simple. Ten years from now 1... very few people in the developed world (use) credit cards because mobile phone payment (replace) them, 2... itis predicted that people (sit) in front of traditional computers much less than they do now 3... data security (become) a huge nobile devices will store so much personal information. 4... advertisers (put) their adverts on mobile devices rather than on traditional media like TV, magazines etc. issue becaus 5 ...we (get) accustomed to advertisements which target us directly with personalised messages. 6... body sensors connected to our mobile devices (provide) us with, real-time information about our health. 7... the problem of short battery life in phones (disappear) because phones (use) more sophisticated power sources, like kinetic energy: 8... mobile phones will (become) very sophisticated, so that as well as being and mobile devices your diary, address book and music player, you {also / use) them as your Secretary, accountant and lawyer 9... everyone (use) universal translators in their mobile phones, which will make language learning less necessary 10 ... itis unlikely that we (find) a Way to use technology to know exactly where people are, because legally itis so difficult. ig technology in Exercise 6 and decide which ones you think will come true and which not. Then make two more predictions of your own.reading appropriate technology * critical thinking balancing arguments * vocabulary useful devices * speaking technological solutions 3c One size doesn’t fit all Reading 1 What does the term ‘one size fits all” mean when used to describe a product? What products could. itbe applied to? Read the article once quickly. Are the facts about appropriate technology true (T) oF false (F)? 1 It’s simple technology. 2. It’s used in developing countries. 3. Itimproves people's lives. Find a phrase in the article that defines what ‘appropriate technology’ means these days. What does the author say about this? Work in pairs. Discuss what each of these devices is. Read the article again. What does the author use each as an example of? a central heating system a device for shelling corn a sewing machine a solar-powered lamp a water purifier an efficient cooking stove Look at these phrases in bold from the article. Then choose the correct definition of the sentence. 1 ina way that empowered them (para 1) gave them more energy /control 2. intermediate technology solutions (para 2) temporary / not too complicated solutions has its place in the developed world (para 3) can also be useful /be found in a way to harness the energy (para 4) a way to convert / make use of the energy they valued the time (para 5) they appreciated / calculated the time gas-guzzling cars (para 6) cars that consume a lot of petrol / little petrol Critical thinking balancing arguments 6 What are the potential risks and benefits associated with appropriate technology? Find the arguments in the article and make notes. 7. Work in pairs. Compare your answers. Is the author in favour of appropriate technology or not? Vocabulary useful devices 8 Look at the expressions in bold in definitions 1-7. Complete the definitions with these adjectives. easy efficient useful appropriate long-term old renewable It’s very neat solution: both clever and appropriate I's a time-consuming process. We need to find a solution that’s more We don’t just want a quick fix; we want a - solution. Isa handy gadget, much more than an average penknife. It’s not cutting-edge technology, but often the ways are the best. It’s essentially a labour-saving device; it makes cutting up wood very I’san environmentally-friendly product because it's made from materials, Work in pairs. Tell your partner about your favourite device or gadget in the home. Use one of the expressions in Exercise 8. Speaking 10 Work in pairs. Complete the sentences (1-8) using these phrases. Discuss what you think each product is. Ghours people light and a litle heat only £1.90 only 2 kilos put up in a few minutes strong nylon solar power Product 1 Product 2 1 Itcanhold upto... 5 Itrunson 2. It’smade of 6 Itlasts up to 3 Itcanbe 7 Itcosts 4 Itweighs 8 Itprovides 11 Work in groups. You are going to take part ina competition: ‘Best appropriate technology product of the year’. Your group will have to present one of the products shown below. Look at the instructions on page 153.oneSIZEC Even if the term ‘appropriate technology’ is a relatively new one, the concept certainly isnt. In the 1930s Mahatma Gandhi claimed that the advanced technology used by western industrialised nations did not represent the right route to progress for his homeland, India. His favourite machines were the sewing machine, a device invented ‘out of love’, he said, and the bicycle, a means of transport that he used all his life, He wanted the poor villagers of India to use technology in a way that empowered them and helped them to become self-reliant. This was also the philosophy promoted by EF. Schumacher in his famous book Small is Beautiful, Published in the 1970s, which called for ‘intermediate technology’ solutions. Do not start with technology and see what it can do for people, he argued. Instead, ‘find out what people are doing and then help them to do it better’. According to Schumacher, it did not matter whether the technological answers to people's needs were simple or sophisticated. What was important was that solutions were long-term, practical and above all firmly in the hands of the people who used them. More recently the term ‘appropriate technology’ has come to mean not just technology which is suited to the needs and capabilities of the user, but technology that takes particular account of environmental, ethical and cultural considerations. That is clearly a much more difficult thing to achieve. Often itis found in rural communities in developing or less industrialised countries. For example, solar-powered lamps that bring light to areas with no electricity and water purifiers that work simply by the action of sucking through a straw. But the principle of appropriate technology does not only apply to developing countries. It also has its place in the developed world. en ees Peed eee For example, a Swedish state-owned company, Jernhuset, has found a way to harness the eneray produced by the 250,000 bodies rushing through. Stockholm’s central train station each day. The body heat is absorbed by the building's ventilation system, then used to warm up water that is pumped through pipes over to the new office building nearby. It’s old ‘technology ~a system of pipes, water and pumps ~ but used in a new way. Itis expected to bring down central heating costs in the building by up to twenty per cent. Wherever itis deployed, there is no guarantee, however, that so-called ‘appropriate technology’ will in fact be appropriate. After some visiting engineers ‘observed how labour-intensive and slow it was for the women of a Guatemalan village to shell corn by hand, they designed a simple mechanical device to, do the job more quickly. The new device certainly saved time, but after a few weeks the women returned to the old manual method. Why? Because they valued the time they spent hand-shelling: it enabled them to chat and exchange news with each other. In another case, in Malawi, a local entrepreneur was encouraged to manufacture super-efficient wood: burning stoves under licence to sell to local villagers. Burning wood in a traditional open fire, which is a common method of cooking food in the developing world, is responsible for 10-20% of all global CO, emissions, so this seemed to be an excellent scheme. However the local entrepreneur was so successful that he went out and bought himself a whole fleet of gas-guzzling cars. ‘We haven't worked out the CO, implications of that yet said a spokesman from the ‘organisation that promoted the scheme. eee eeereal life asking for and offering technical help + pronunciation stress in two syllable verbs 3d Computer problems Real technical help fe asking for and offering 5 oust stress in two syllable verbs @ 61.23 Workin pairs Listen to these phrases and note how the 1. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions 1 How are your computer skills? stress in the two syllable verbs 2 Do you feel confident that you can use the following applications falls on the second syllable. proficiently? Then practise saying them with + a search engine (e.g. Google) ye Pee + spreadsheets (e.g. Excel) @o you suggest? + a presentation slide show (e.g. PowerPoint) joes that involve? + photo editing (e.g. Photoshop) it wont allow me to copy It. * word processing (e.g. Microsoft Word) First select the picture, .. ‘What are you trying to achieve? 2 Where do you turn for help if you can’t do something on the What solution do you p computer? Do people turn to you for help? Did you attach the document? 3% 1.22 Listen to a conversation about a computer problem. What is b Think of two more two-syllable Ben trying to do? What two possible solutions does Sophie propose? ahuaniinin ane sentence. Then tell another pair your words. 6 Choose one of the tasks below or think of a technical problem that you have had. Then roleplay a conversation similar to the one in Exercise 4. Use the box to help you. Begin like this 6 1.22 Listen again and complete sentences 1-10. Person in need of help Helper # editing a photo (of a person an you give me a hand? I'm having to leave only the head and trouble! B shoulders) (Ok, What do you want to do exactly? sorting a list of names Fm trying to* (members of a club you You could just* are the secretary of) ees tetic have alec Steen ‘What shal | do then? * adding your comments to someone else’s document ‘The trouble is* There are two possibilities. You can either * or (a report written by What does that involve? a colleague) I show yous Just + making your presentation That should do the tick. slides more interesting (they Ise, but? what ele are just plain text at the do you suggest? ee Have you tried * 2 : searching the Internet to get the right information (e.g. up to date news about smart technology) you do a search, you might OK Hl give that a try. Feel fee to" EEUU > overrorutarion > pREDIcionS > TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS.» EESIMENNTE EEG > ema requestswriting short email requests * writing skill being polite * word focus out of Unit 3 Science and technology 3e A technical problem Writing short email requests 4. Match the emails (1-4) with the correct reply (A-D) below: Answer the questions. 1. Whats the relationship between the correspondents in each case? 2 What help is offered in response to each request? 2 Writing skill being polite @ How polite you are depends on your relationship to your correspondent and on what you are asking for. Underline the phrases used to make polite requests in emails 1~4 and the polite forms used to apologise in emails A-D. Now answer the questions 1 What word is used often for requests in the more formal relationships? 2. What is the difference between cart you ... and could you ...? 3. Is would you mind -ing more or less direct than could you please? 4. What is a more formal way of saying I’m sorry? 5 What auxiliary verb is used to mean plense? 3 Word focus out of @ Work in pairs. Underline the expressions with out of in the emails and discuss what you think they mean. Then compare your answers with another pair. b Complete these other expressions with out of using the words given. blue date hands luck order time 1. I've done all Ican to get them to change their decision. It's out of my now. 2. She is still in shock after losing her job; the news came out of the A 3. 'matraid that printer is out of = ull have to use the one in the next office. 4 This information is out of ~it's got last year’s figures on it, not this year’s 5. 'msorry we are out of Let's carry on the discussion tomorrow. 6 You're out of there, I'm afraid. We sold the last one an hour ago. 4 Look at the following situation and write a short ‘email requesting help. ‘You bought two cartridges for your printer onli but when they arrive you notice that the best before date on them has already passed. Write ‘and ask for replacements to be sent, 5 Exchange emails with your partner. Use these ‘questions to check your partner’s email. Then write a reply. mn and the action demanded © Is the situat clear? ‘© Is the email in the right register (formal or informal) and polite in its request? Three months ago | bought one of your X3000 digital cameras from a shop in Oxford, which has since gone out of business. The camera is fine but I cannot find the user manual. Could you please tell me where I can find one? I've looked on the Internet, but without success. Thank you. Sorry, 'd love to help, but m going on holiday tomorrow for three weeks. Why not take it to Cycle Surgery on the High Street? They're not expensive and they know their tuft | bought a printer at your store only five weeks ago and the pages are coming out very feint. | am very disappointed and would like to return it and get a new one. Please can. you advise me how to go about this? ED Thanks a lot for the advice with the car, Jim. | changed the air fiter and its going much better now. Just out of interest, do you happen to know what kind of evo-chip Id need to improve its performance? If so, do drop me a line to let me know. Would you mind popping over and having a look at my bike some time? It making a strange noise. I'd be realy grateful. Please don't go out of your way though. Anytime in the next week is fine. | am sorry, but an exchange is out of the question. Itis too long after the original purchase date. However, from what you say, my guess is that its just out of ink Please check the ink cartridges. If that does not work, ‘contact our technical team for further advice. ''m afraid I'm a bit out of my depth there, Try looking at the discussions boards for your particular ‘model on the Internet. I'm sure someone'll know. | egret to say that we only supply user manuals with the equipment at the time of purchase, However, you can download one by following the link below. > OVERPOPULATION > PREDICTIONS > TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS > TECHINCAL HELP [a + es_ Augmented realityBefore you watch 1. Work in groups. Look at the picture and discuss the questions. What do you know about augmented reality? Where do you think the man in the picture is? What is he wearing? Why? What do you think the caption means? 2. How do you think a headset like this could be used? Work in pairs and write down three things you think you could use it for. While you watch 3 Watch the video and check your ideas from. Exercise 2. Which three groups of people does the video say could benefit from this technology? 4 Watch the video again and correct these sentences, 1. Professor Feiner is working with a group of biology students, 2. The team wants to develop a virtual world that separate from the physical world. 3. The virtual world can provide extra information about what you feel 4 Aglobal positioning system allows the team to use the equipment in the laboratory. 5 The system wouldn't be very useful for people to find their way around places they don’t know well 6 Visitors to the campus can use the system to find the university restaurant. 7 Professor Feiner developed the technology because he has a bad sense of smell 5 Watch the video again and answer the questions. 1 Whats the Columbia University programme trying to do? 2. How could these people use this technology? a firefighters b pilots © tourists 3. What do you think a ‘situated documentary’ is? 4 What would visitors to the campus ‘see’ as well as the library? Unit 3 Science and technology After you watch 6 Roleplay an interview with Professor Feiner Work in pairs. Student A: Imagine you are a journalist from the Columbia University newspaper. Look at the information below and prepare list of questions to.ask Professor Feiner. Student B: Imagine you are Professor Feiner. You are going to be interviewed for the Columbia University newspaper. Look at the information below and think about what you are going to say to the journalist. + when you started the project + how many students work with you + what the technology could be used for + what you have to do in the laboratory * why you decided to do research on augmented reality * how you think the technology could be taken further in the future Act out the interview, then change roles and act ‘out the interview again, 7 Work in pairs and discuss these questions 1 Have you ever seen or used any of the following devices? ‘simulators for learning to drive ‘ night vision glasses for seeing in the dark ® billboard advertisements that speak to © Wii™ games © tshirts with moving images 2 How useful do you think they are? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of augmented reality technology? asylum (n)/asailam’ a kind of hospital for people with ‘mental illnesses blueprints (n)blusprints! plans cockpit (n)‘kokpit/ place in an aeroplane where the pilot sits handheld (adj) hsndheld carried in the hand ‘obscure () /ab'skjua! hide overlay (y) /2uvslev show on top of prototype (0) proutataip! an experimental working model superimpose (¥) /su:parim'pauz! put one image on top of ‘another surroundings (n) /s'raundiga/ the area around something orUNIT 3 REVIEW Grammar 1 Work in pairs. Can you remember at least three of the global problems mentioned in the unit? Look at the photo. What global problems could these windmills be the answer to? Read the text and answer the questions. 1 What is the problem the author mentions? 2 What should be our target if we want to solve the problem? 3. How can we achieve this target? 4 Why are windmills not a solution? 4 Choose the correct option. Of all the problems facing the world, finding 2a technological solution to the problem of CO, ‘emissions is perhaps the biggest. If we ' won't reduce / don't reduce our emissions to almost ze10, global temperatures ?will continue / are continuing to rise. At the current rate, temperatures 'will be increasing / will have increased by three or four degrees by 2050. CO, emissions “wil come / are about to come ‘down if one of three things * happens / will happen. Firstly, if we change our lifestyles and stop using electricity; secondly, if the gadgets ‘we use don't need energy; or thirdly, if we find a way to generate electricity that doesn’t produce CO,, Well itis clear that people “are not stopping / are not going to stop using electricity. I anything, in 30 years' time, they ’will be using / will have used more. Perhaps in the future gadgets "will consume / will be consuming less energy, but certainly not zero energy. That leaves only one possibility. Scientists "are ‘having / will have to find a way to generate large amounts of CO,,free electricity. Wind and solar are only intermittent energy sources. What willbe oni ‘il have Vocabulary 5. Read the definitions. Complete the words. The first letter has been given for you. 1 too much information = information o. a big advance in science = a technological b. technology suited to its context=a____ technology a clever answer to a problem =an____solution a useful dev gadget a fast, easy solution to a problem = a quick £ Work in small groups and answer these questions. epidemics overpopulation ‘Which of these problems do you think we will find technological solutions to? Why? pollution starvation 2. Inwhat area will new technology most change people's lives in the next 50 years? Real life 7 Match each statement or question (1-5) with the correct response (a-€) Can you give me a hand? What do you want to do exactly? If you restart the computer, that should do the trick. What else do you suggest? The trouble is the computer won't allow me to copy it. Have you tried looking for another type of map? Thanks. I'l give that try. Sure. 'llbe with you in a second. Let me have a look 'm trying to paste this map into a document. Work in pairs. Act out a conversation asking for help with a computer problem. Speaking 9 Work in pairs, Tell each other your predictions for your life (education, job, where you live, travel, relationships, transport, etc). Use the future continuous and future perfect simple with transport: * ayear from now ‘three years from now ten years from now 410 Change partners and tell each other your original partner's predictions.F rea ce et Phi EATURES All about Melbourne Art and culture in Australia’s second city Reverse graffiti Art that carries a message Hip-hop planet Music and values Urban art A video about innovative art forms in Washington D.C Art and creativity Work in pairs. Match the type of artist or performer with what and where they perform. How maay combinations can you make? Example Who: a band, a comedian, a dance company, a circus act a drama company, an orchestra, ar artist What: a gig, a show, an exhibition, a classical concert, a play, a musical, a performance Where: a concert hall, a live music venue, a theatre, a gallery, a club, the street Look at the photo and caption. Which words from Exercise 1 can describe what is happening? Have you seen anything like this in your country? 4 1.24 Listen to a conversation about two people who do artistic things in their free time. Answer the questions. 1 What does each person do as aday job? 2 What is each person's creative outlet? Have you ever been surprised to find out how someone you know expresses themselves creatively? Tell your partner EUECT _ PARTICIPATION IN THE ARTS tid {AN ONLINE REVIEW ANART COMPETITION MUSICAND VALUES _UKES AND DISLIKES 5Reus tea Cee ea weak form of * Poa a ey Listening 1 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. 1 What art forms are popular in your city or country: theatre, dance, music, cinema, art (painting, sculpture etc.)? Which of the arts have you practised yourself? 3 Which of the arts do you particularly like to follow? 4 Can you describe an exhibition or performance that you've enjoyed recently? 2 Discuss what type of activities and opportunities Australia offers visitors and tourists. 3-61.25 Listen to an extract from The Travel Show a weekly radio programme, about Melbourne and answer the questions. 1 What is the essential difference between Melbourne and Sydney? What does Melbourne offer visitors? 3. What does it offer local people? What do they enjoy in their free time’ 4. 1.25 Listen again and say if the statements about Melbourne are true (1) or false () 1 Melbourne has great weather and many places of natural beauty It is known as the architectural capital of Australia 3. The arts are enjoyed by a small number of art, lovers. 4 The summer is a good time for festivals in Melbourne. 5. Melbourne’s Formula One motor race and tennis tournament are world famous. 6 Not many visitors know about the local sports. 5 Would you like to visit Melbourne after hearing this guide? What would you do there? Grammar expressions of quantity 6 Turn to the audioscript on page 176. Find the examples ofthe items below. Make a note of which expressions have of after them and which don’t. Then compare your list with your partner * Sexpressions in the script that mean ‘many or much’ # 3expressions that mean ‘not many or much’ * expressions that mean ‘some’Ete cua + plural countable noun (not) many, (a) few, a (small) number of, several + uncountable noun (not) much, (a) little, abit of an (large) amount of + plural countable or uncountable noun 4 ot of, lots of plenty of, loads of, ack of, (almost) no, (otihardly) any, some, enough For further formation and practice, ee page 161, Look at the grammar box. Then read the pairs of sentences and answer the questions. 1 Which expression means ‘some’ and which means ‘only a small number of”? a Few people will be familiar with the sports the Melburnians follow. b Melbourne may have a few grey days. 2 Can you use the same expression in both sentences? a In fact there are hardly any forms of artistic expression that are not represented bb In fact there are almost no forms of art expression that are not represented, 3. Which expression is used more often in affirmative sentences? a Lots of people around the world know the ‘Australian Formula One Grand Prix. b But there aren’t many people who know Australian Rules football. 4 Which expression is used with countable nouns? 4 Australian Rules football and cricket enjoy ‘an enormous amount of support. b There are a huge number of smaller art spaces and venues. 5. Which expression is used in negative sentences? There is a lot of information on what to do in Melbourne on the website. bb There isn’t much information about where to eat on the website Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1 A visit to the opera can cost much /a lot of money. 2 Areasonable number /amount of the winter festivals are free 3. There is almost no /any rain in Melbourne at Christmas time. 4. There are few /a few tickets for the Australian Open Tennis available at the gate for those who haven't booked in advance. 5 We saw several /some interesting street art at the Sweet Streets festival. 6 Almost / Hardly anyone attended the afternoon performance. 7. Visitors show a little / litte interest in AR football. 8 There aren’t as many / much differences between Melbourne and Sydney as people say. Unit 4 Art and creativity 9 Pronunciation weak form of @ 41.26 Listen and note how of is pronounced in these phrases. abit of relaxation time ‘a huge amount of support ‘a huge number of galleries allack of natural attractions a lot of information lots of people bb Work in pairs, Practise saying these phrases where of isa weak form. as.amatter of fact just the two of us first of all ‘most of the time in spite of that, of course Instead of me ‘that's kind of you 410 Work in pairs. Look at the charts on page 153 showing the results ofa survey on Australians’ participation in the arts. Complete the sentences describing what they show. Use one wor in each space. 1. Overall quite a _lo:_ of Australians take an interest in the arts, but only a creatively 2. Itseems that ___ of Australians read literature and a surprising of them also write creatively. 3. There is certainly ____ lack of interest in the visual arts, with haf ofthe population being involved in some way. 4 Australians attend concerts or musicals anyone said they did not listen to atall 5 The main reason fo: not participating is not having time. But the __of money it costs to be involved and a of opportunities are ako important factors. Speaking 411. Work in groups. Research your classmates’ participation in the arts and then report your findings. Follow these steps: * Each group must research ONE of the following: visual arts and crafts, theatre and dance, reading and writing, music. * Make a list of four or five questions to find ‘out how people participate (creatively or receptively) and reasons for non-participation. ‘+ Circulate around the class asking and answering questions. ‘+ Come back together, pool your results and make conclusions, using expressions of quantity. ‘Present your findings to the class. participate TALK ABOUT JR PARTI CGH > AN ONUNE REVIEW AN ART COMPETITION > MUSIC AND VALUES. > UKES AND DISLIKESworks of art + unusual street art © an art competition, determiners © Reverse graffiti 91.27 Look at the statements about art. Do you agree with any of them? Listen to an artist's opinion and write down what he says about each one. 1 Artshould be pleasing to the viewer. 2. Art should involve effort on the part of the artist 3. Art should involve technical skill 4 Art should have a social message or make a political point. 9 1.27 Listen again, What are the roles of an artist and a viewer according to the speaker? Work in pairs, Discuss what each of these types of artwork is. graffiti installation landscape sculpture sketch Genes Some noun suffixes have no clear meaning (ment, “tion etc), Others like scape have a particular meaning, cityscape, landscape, seascape, moonscape For further information and practice, see Workbook page 35. RSE Ge Mey abe op Ie When is cleaning walls a crime? When you're doing it to create art, obviously. A number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a practice known as reverse graffiti. Inspired by the ‘lean me’ messages that you see written on the back of some trucks, they find dirty surfaces and inscribe them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses. Fither way it the same principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our cite. The UK Paul Curtis, better known as Moose, operates around Leeds and London and has been commissioned by a number of companies to make reverse graffiti advertisements, Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo's transport tunnels into an amazing mural in 2006 by scraping, away the dirt. Made up of a series of white skulls, the mural reminds drivers of the effect their pollution is having on the planet. ‘Every motorist sits in the comfort of their car, but they dont give any consideration to the price their comfort has for the environment and consequently for themselves? says Orion. ‘The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti artists confuses city authorities since the main argument against graf is that it spoils the appearance of both types of property: public and private. This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose’ work: ‘Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighbourhoods. We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against any advertisers carrying out such campaigns? It seems that no action was taken against the advertisers ~ no fines nor any other punishment ~ but Moose himself was ordered to ‘clean up his act. How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again? As for the Brazilian artis’s work, the authorities were annoyed but could find nothing to charge him with. They had no other option but to clean the tunnel ~ but only the parts Alexandre had already cleaned. ‘The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side. The city oficials then decided to take drastic action. They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but also every tunnel inUnit 4 Art and creativity Reading 4 What do you think about graffiti in cities? Do you think itimproves or spoils the appearance of the urban landscape? 5 What do you think reverse gvafft is? Read the article and check. 6 Use the information inthe article to complete these sentences, Use one word per space. 1. Reverse graffiti works by cleaning away the on walls, 2. The aim of the reverse graffiti artists is to highlight the problem of 3. Some reverse graffiti artists are paid to make images that act as. 4 Orion made his message for as they passed through a transport tunnel in Sao Paulo, 5. The local authorities in Leeds were by this new type of graffiti 6 In Sao Paulo the response of the authorities was to every tunnel. 7 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 Do you like this kind of graffiti? 2. Ifyou were a city authority, how would you deal with reverse grafiti in your city? Grammar determiners 8 Work in pairs. Look at the highlighted words in the article and decide if the nouns that come after ‘each are singular, plural or uncountable, ‘each, every, either, the whole + singular noun, all, both + plural noun ‘any, no + singular or plural noun all, any, no + uncountable noun For further information and practice, see page 161, 9 Look atthe grammar box. Answer the questions. 1. Which determiner emphasises the individual? a Every artist has their own individual styl. b_ Each artist has their own individual style. ¢ Allartists have their own individual style 2. Which determiner(s) talk about two things? a Every way: it’s the same principle. Either way: it’s the same principle. Both ways: it’s the same principle, 3. Which sentence(s) about the action taken against advertisers are negative? a. They took no action against them. They didn’t take any action against them, Did they take any action against them? 10 Choose the correct option. Sometimes there is, more than one possibility. gf /all / cach child isan artist. The problem is how to an artist once he grows up.’ Pablo Picasso, artist “Every /all /each ar philosopher and writer an im tation of nature.’ Senex, “Drawing is the honesty of the at. There is any /no possibility of cheating, It is either good or bad.’ Salewdor Dali, artist “As an artist you want it bot / either /every ways. You want it to have an immediate impact, and you want it to have deep meanings as well.’ Damien Hirst, artist “Some days I produce somerhing, other days nothing, Each Every / Either way, 1 feel it’s ime spent well’ Anonymous, artist ‘Science and art belong to all/the whole /every world, and before them vanish the barsiers of nationality’ Goethe, writer Let each /every /all man exercise the art he knows. Aristophanes, dramatist 111 Discuss the quotations. How do they fit with the definitions of art that you discussed earlier? 12 Complete the rules for the Turner Art Prize, held in Britain each year, with a determiner. 1 candidates are chosen for an exhibition they have given in the last year. 2. Candidates are nominated by the public or by the Turner Prize jury. way, the jury has the final say in the four who are shortlisted. 3. The aim of the prize is to celebrate innovation and young talent. 4 candidate is invited to display ‘examples of their work at the Tuer show. 5 artist over 50 years can enter. 6 The artists can use ‘medium they like; painting, sculpture, film, etc. 7 The winner receives £25,000. other shortlisted candidates get £5,000, Speaking 43 Your city would like to commission an artwork that would a) improve the appearance of an area in the city centre; b) be fun; and c) attract visitors. Work in small groups and: ‘+ discuss what kind of thing you would like to have and who you would like to make it ‘+ make a list of criteria or rules for the competition 14 Exchange your rules with another group. Then, submit an idea for an artwork to them for evaluation. GEICO > ranvicparion in THE ARTS. > GI > AN ONUNE REVIEW > MUSIC AND VALUES. > LIKES AND DISLIKES eoreading the origins of rap * criti thinking analysing contrasts_+ word focus coo! * speaking music and values Ac Hip-hop planet Reading 1. Work in pairs. Look at the different music genres in the box. Discuss the questions 1 How often do you listen to each type of music? 2 When you listen, do you pay much attention to the lyrics? 3. Do you identify strongly with this type of music? blues classical country hip-hop jazz pop reggae rock soul traditional /folk 2 _ Discuss what themes or attitudes you associate with hip-hop and rap ‘music. Who do you think listens to this music? Then read the article and compare your answers with ‘what the author says. 3 Read the article again quickly. Answer the questions. 1 What was the theme of the first rap song the author heard? 2. Apart from music, what are the other artistic expressions of hip- hop culture? 3. What do the DJs do to create hip-hop’s individual sound? 4 Whats the appeal of hip-hop to middle-class children? 5 Why does Assane say that rap belongs to his country? 6 What does the author not like about hip-hop music? 4 Explain these phrases from the article. 1. Itsounded like a broken record (para 1) 2. the way you step over a crack in the pavement (para 2) 3. life on the other side of the tracks (para 4) 4 its macho pose (para 6) 5 the empty moral cupboard that we have left for our children. (para 7) Critical thinking analysing contrasts 5 This articles all about what hip-hop is and isn’t. Find and underline sentences that tell you: 1. awhat the author thought of rap music 26 years ago b what he thinks now 2. athe environment in which rap music originated b where it thrives now 3a the message conveyed by the early rappers b the message conveyed by successful hip-hop artists now 4 athat hip-hop culture can seem selfish b that this selfishness in young people is not their fault 6 Work in pairs. Compare your answers and discuss if you fel more positively about hip-hop after reading this article. Now Write a short summary of the values of hip-hop culture, according to the author. Word focus cool 7 Coo! has three basic meanings in English: 1) not warm; 2) stylish and fashionable; 3) calm, Which meaning does it have in the article (para 5) and in sentences 1-62 1. [don’t know what I’ve done to offend Liz. She was really cool with me when I spoke to her earlier. 2. It’s not cool to arrive early to a party like that 3. James lost his cool completely when his boss told him he had to work at the weekend as well. 4 That's really cool jacket. Where did you get it? 5. I think she did very well to keep her cool with that customer. 1 would have got very angry with them. 6 Wait for the frying pan to cool down before you add more oil Speaking 8 Workin pairs. Look at the lyrics below from a country song and a rock song. What themes and attitudes to life can you identify in each genre? Country song Rock song hen you ain't gota friend to lean on sh, be true to yourself, ‘There are folks you can dependon Don't letanyone put you down They'll be waitin’ when times a 9 Look at the genres in Exercise 1 and discuss the questions. 1 What values does each genre project? 2. Do you have to believe these values to like the mu| first heard rap at a party in Harlem in 1980. it sounded like a broken record. It was a version of an old hit record called Good Times, the same four bars looped over and ‘over. And on top of this loop, a kid chanted a rhyme ‘about how he was the best disc jockey in the world. It ‘was called Rapper's Delight. | thought it was the most ridiculous thing I'd ever heard. For the next 26 years, | avoided rap music the way you step ‘over a crack in the pavement. | heard it booming out of cars and alleyways from Paris to Abidjan, but I never listened. In doing so, | missed the most important cultural ‘event in my lifetime. No ‘American music has exploded across the ‘world with such force since swing jazz in the 1930s. This defiant culture of song, graffiti and dance, collectively known as hip-hop, has permeated almost every society, Hip-hop began in the mid-1970s, in. an ‘almost bankrupt New York City. The bored kids of the South Bronxand Harlem. ‘came up with a new entertainment. This ishow it worked: one guy, the DJ, played records on two turntables. Another guy - or girl ~ served ‘as master of ceremonies, or MC. The Dis learnt to move the record back and forth under the needle to create a scratch, or to drop the needle on the record and play a break over and over to keep people dancing. The MCs rapped over the music to keep the party going. One MC sought to out-chat the other. Dance styles were created Graffiti artists also emphasised the / because the music was all about identity: | am the best. Initially hip-hop artists produced socially-conscious songs that described life on the other side of the tracks, where people are denied the same opportunities as the rich. The lyrics of Grandmaster Flash’s 1982 hit The Message are a perfect example. Tinted Do eC Ue Pe ae HIP- ‘Art and creativity They describe a child who is born and grows up in the = ghetto, hating the world for his situation and all the things that he cannot have. These days most commercial rappers in America brag, about their lives of crime and the things that fame and, money have brought them, among which women seem to be just another material possession. For those from poor backgrounds the life of a successful rapper has become an aspiration, for richer suburban kids it isa symbol of something cool. In poor urban communities around ‘the globe, rap music is a universal expression of outrage at the injustice of the distribution of wealth. Its macho pose has been borrowed from commercial hip-hop in the US, but fer most the music represents an old dream: a better life. ‘We want ‘money to help our parents," Assane, ‘a nineteen-year-old budding DJ from Dakar in Senegal tells me. ‘We watch ‘our mothers boil water to cook and have nothing to put in the pot. Rap. doesn't belong to American culture,’ he says. ‘It belongs here. It has always existed here, because of our pain and cur hardships and our suffering, That is why, after 26 years, | have come to embrace this music I tried so hard to ignore. Much of hip-hop, particularly the commercial side, | hate. Yet | love the ‘good of it. Even if some of it embraces violence, hip-hop isa music that exposes the empty moral cupboard that we have left for our children. They can hear it and understand it. The question is: can we? brag (v) owe! speak proualy about your achievements defiant (ad) /d'faront/ challenging or opposing another's authority looped (ad) lupt/ repeated without a break ‘out-chat (vat ft chat longer or better than another 108 eons82 DC describing likes and dislikes Do you like musicals? Which ones have you seen? Did you see them live or on film? Tell your partner. 4 1.28 Listen to a conversation in which Tom and his friend Jake talk about the musical, The Lion King. For each item below puta tick next to it if one of them likes it and a cross if one of them dislikes it cost of tickets for the music in musicals musicals the visual effects Disney comic characters this production of Etton John The Lion King musicals in general 4 1.28 Look atthe box. Tell your partner which of the phrases Tom used to express each like and dislike. Then listen again and check GEE Likes Dislikes Hove | eanvt bear I'm abig fan of Frm not generally a fan of rm really into Its very inspiring Itsounds right up my street. nave alot of time for I could watch / read / listen to. all day, rm not very keen on. doesn't really do anything for me I never feel particularly inspired by It doesn't really sound like my kind of thing ‘gets on my nerves I get a bit tired of EEETGIE > PARTICIPATION IN THE ARTS > AN ART COMPETITION BUGIS» AN ONuNe Review ec er disappearing sounds % Listen to these words from the conversation. Cross out the disappearing sound, the part of the word that is not pronounced different everyone generally 4 1.30 Cross out the disappearing sound in ‘each of these words and then say them aloud. Listen and check if you were right. comfortable ordinary secretary chocolate medicine beautifully interesting Work in pairs. Look at these sentences and say Which words most naturally go in each space. 1 I'mnot keen on romantic comedies. 2 Iget tired of reality TV shows, 3. Inever feel inspired by science fiction books. I'mnot a fan of musicals. 5 Jazz music doesn’t do anything for me. 6 I'mafraid opera gets on my nerves Now work in groups. Each person think of a musical, play, film, concert, TV programme or exhibition they have enjoyed recently, Describe your choice to the group and compare and discuss your likes and dislikes. Use the box to help you, [MUSIC AND VALUES CCUnit 4 Art and creativity writing an online review * writing skill personalising your writing 4e You've got to see this Writing an online ooo review (>) tp weenravereewscom 1 Read the online review of an exhibition by a recent visitor to London. Would you follow their recommendation? Why? / Why not? 2 Answer the questions. Then compare your answers in pairs @ Work in pairs. Look at the There are four of them and rather than look out of place as so many following features of personal and modern sculptures can do, they really complemented their surroundings. impersonal writing. Then find The sky mirror, as its name suggests, is paced at an angle to reflect the examples of the personal forms in changing sky. Another, Red Mirror, is also directed at the sky, so that you see the sky's reflection, but this time with a red tint, The one | liked best the review. was the C-curve, a convex mirror that makes you see everything upside Personal tone Gown. It was 50 funny to watch dogs and children approach it, trying to ‘use pronouns work out what they were looking at * use active verbs The secret of this exhibition's success is that it makes you appreciate what + use contracted forms is already a realy delightful park even more. it will be on until 30th March * use phrasal verbs and, if you are in London, I'd defintely recommend taking the time to go * add personal details and see it for yourself. And by the way, i’ free! + use conversational linking phrases (e.g, what's more) 4. Write a brief personalised review of something you have seen and + share your feelings enjoyed for a What’s on website. Then exchange your review with another person in the class Impersonal tone Ps use pronouns 5. Read your partner's review. Check the points below. Then. use passive verbs feedback to the reviewer. use uncontracted forms use formal verbs avoid personal information use formal linking phrases (eg. furthermore) be objective in your judgements Does the review make you want to go and see this event? Does the review include all the items described in Exercise 2 in their correct order? Does it feel like a friendly and personal recommendation? What features has the writer used from Exercise 3 to give this impression? ETITENTN > PARTICIPATION INTHE ARTS > AN ART COMPETITION > MUSIC AND VALUES > LIKES AND DISLIKES e@ [ld >Before you watch 4. Work in groups. Look atthe photo and discuss the questions. 1 Where are the people? 2. What is unusual about the exhibition? 3 What do you know about graffiti? 2 Apart from graffiti, what other kinds of urban art can you think of? What kinds of art do you think you are going to see inthis video? While you watch 3. Watch the video and check your answers from Exercise 2 4 Watch the video again and put these things in the order you first see them a a painting of a Japanese woman, b atrain © anart gallery d_aCDeover ea shopping trolley f paint cans g atrumpet 5 Complete the table with the correct information (a-h). Nick Posada Jafar Barron a He isa trumpeter. b He isa graffiti artist ¢ He grew up in a neighbourhood north of, Philadelphia d_ He has a record deal fe He grew up in Washington D.C. £ His parents are jazz musicians. His first exhibition was in Georgetown. h He plays in clubs where he grew up. 6 Answer the questions 1 Inwhat ways is urban art about innovation? Give three examples. Why is Nick Posada disappointed when he visits the wall of fame? 3. What does Nick think real graffiti artists know? 4 Why does Chris Murray like graffiti art? 5. What is Jafar Barron’s music a mix of? 6 What does Jafar think are his influences? Unit 4 Art and creativity 7 Watch the last partof the video again (03.20 to (03.36). Use these words and phrases to complete ‘what Don Kimes seys about urban art authentic boundaries come from emerge envelope one more step tothe edge It’s about sort of taking what itis that you 1 what you? from, what's for you and pushing it ‘ of its 7 to the edge of its / its limits and taking, After you watch 8 Roleplay interviewing an urban artist Work in pairs Student A: Imagine you are an urban artist. Choose a medium (visual or sound). Invent information about the following: * your life (for example, where you grew up, what your parents do, where you live now) + your art (for example, what you do, why you do it, what your inspiration is) + your aspirations (for example, what you ‘would like to happen, where you see your ‘work in five years’ time) Student B: Imagine you are a local journalist Interview the urban artist about his or her life art and aspirations. Act out the interview, then change roles and act, out the conversation again. Student B should choose a different medium. 9 Work in groups and discuss these questions 1 What type of art do you like? 2 Does the type of art you like differ from art in your parents’ generation? In what ways? 3. Is innovation in art a good thing? ‘authentic (aj) />"Bentib) genuine, real caution (¥)ka:fan/ warn someone about a problem or danger collector (n) ko'ekta/ a 2erson who buys art ‘exposure (n) iks'pausa/ giving someone a particular ‘experience highlight (s) hasta! drew people's attention to something Innovative (ad) /inaverav/ new and original Inventive (ad) /in'ventv creative ‘uninhibited (ad) /anin‘tibitid! saying and doing anything, you want vilify (v) iif’ say bad things about someone or somethingUNIT 4 REVIEW Grammar 1. Work in pairs, What arts festivals are famous in your country? What happens at them? 2 Read the article. What i the Edinburgh Fringe Festival famous for? 3 Choose the correct option to complete the article Sometimes more than one option is correc. 7) ad The Edinburgh Fringe Festival is the world's largest arts festival. It takes place ‘all / every / each year in ‘August and for the *all / every / whole month the city is taken over by actors, street performers, comedians, artists, musicians, etc. There is "some / ttle /enough variety to please everyone. The festival attracts 2 huge ‘number / amount / lack of visitors from all over the world. There are over 2,000 different shows and during the festival up to two million tickets are sold, The tickets don't cost °a lot / much / plenty - £10 or £15 typically ~ but since most people try to see *a lot / ‘many / plenty of shows over three or four days, the costs can add up. 7 Few / Little / A few artists just come to perform for the fun of it, but in ‘many / enough / plenty ‘cases they are young performers hoping that this will be their chance to be noticed by the critics and producers. The Edinburgh Fringe Festival is perhaps best known for its comedy and has launched the careers of *some / several / any notable British comedians, including John Cleese of Fawlty Towers fame. But the festival is "no / any / not any respecter of reputations. "All / both / either unknown and well- known artists compete for attention and "all /each / ‘every have an equal chance of success or failure. loan Use expressions of quantity lse determiners Vocabulary 4 Put these words into three categories: musi, art and theatre (four words per category). aband agig amusical aplay ashow asketch an installation drama company folk landscape lyrics sculpture 5 Work in small groups. Answer the questions 1 Do you have a favourite work of art? What art or copies of art (e.g. prints, posters) do you have at home? Describe them and why you chose them, 2 What was the most memorable concert you 3. How often do you go to theatre? What is the best thing you have seen there? CAN describe different art forms, performers and venues talk about different kinds of at Real life 6 Put these phrases (a-f into two groups: like and dislike a Ican’t bear b_ I'mnot very keen on ¢ ... don’t really do anything for me. d_ I'ma big fan of ©. ... geton my nerves f Thavea lot of time for 7 Work in groups. Use the phrases in Exercise 6 to tell each other about the kind of TV programmes that you like and dislike 1cAN describe my own personal tastes in music, art, film and theatre Speaking 8 Work in groups. Tell each other about the arts in your city or country + how many people do what + how expensive each activity is e.g, there's no charge for visiting museums) + how the government views the artsUnit 5 Development FEATURES 58 From reality to fantasy The building of Dubai 60 The Kerala model Social development in southern India 62 Sustainable development? Ahydropower dam project in Laos 66 Aquarium on wheels A video about an unusual educational programme in Baltimore Work in pairs. Look at the photo and the six types of development in the box. What kind of development is, represented here? economic personal product social sustainable urban 1.31 Match the examples of development below with the types of development in Exercise . Then listen to the three speakers and say which one each is talking about anew housing project a new university anew railway line a zero energy house ‘anew smart phone learning a language 49 1.31 Listen again. What advantages does each speaker mention? Compare your answers with your partner. Describe examples of two types of development from your ‘own experience. Were they positive developments? I went on a public speaking course. | don’t really need it for my work, but | just thought it would be good for my ‘own personal development. It was a really interesting ‘experience: it made me feel much more confident. TTECeT CHANGES in YouR Town [hid ANOPINION ESSAY AMAPPY SOCIETY SENSITIVE DEVELOPMENT REACHING A DECISION 7reading urban development * grammar verb + infi speaking changes in your town itive or -ing * listening and vocabulary redevelopment * 5a From reality to fantasy Reading 11 Work in pairs. The photo was taken in Dubai. Discuss the questions. 1. Where was it taken from? 2 What can you see below? 3. What do you know about Dubai? For example, where iti, its famous landmarks, who goes there? FROM TO There once was a sheikh with big dreams. His land was a sleepy village occupied by pear divers, fishermen and traders who docked their boats along a small creek through the town. It was here that Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed al Maktoum imagined creating a gateway to the world. It was a {dream he could not afford to realise. So in 1959 he asked a neighbour to lend him many milions of dollars. He made the creek wider, built roads, schools and homes. With his young ‘son, Mohammed, by his side, he walked along the empty waterfront and painted his dream with words, And some years late, it was as he had said. He buitit, and they came, Then it was his son's turn to carry on developing his father’s vision. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum 2. Read the article and answ the questions. 1 What was Dubai like 50 years ago and how has it changed? 2 According to the author, what are the attractions for visitors and residents? 3. What do other countries feel about this change? 3. Would you like to visit Dubai? Why? / Why not? transformed Dubai into an air-conditioned fantasy world of 1.5 milion people. No project seemed to be too ambitious for him. He built the world's tallest high-rise building, the 828 metre Burj Khalifa, the world's biggest shopping mall and the worlds largest motorway intersection. He helped Little Dubai become the shopping capital of the Middle East. Inthe last five years, it has attracted more tourists than India, Its most famous landmark, the Palm Jumeirah, an artificial island builtin the shape of a palm tree, provides holiday vias for the rich and famous. But the financial crisis in 2008 made people think again and Dubai failed to sell many of its new luxury apartments. Up to then property in Dubai had been increasing in value and it had been easy to get people to invest. These days, investors risk losing money. The rest of the world looks on with a mixture of wonder and suspicion. Is this a capitalist model that people want to copy or do they feel that Dubai has decided to abandon its true heritage and become instead the Las Vegas of the Middle East? ‘reek (n) risk! a small stream that flows into a river (often ‘they dry up in summer) dock (v) /dok’ to ‘park’ a boat in a harbour or at a sea port ‘peat (n) ps: a round white jewel found in the sea (in ‘oyster shells)Unit 5 Development Grammar verb + infinitive or -ing 4 Complete the sentences from the article. 1. Sheikh Rashid imagined a gateway to the world. 2. Itwasa dream Sheikh Rashid could not afford 3. In 1959 he asked 4 He helped of the world. him some money, the shopping capital 5 Read the article again quickly and fin: 1. two more verbs followed by the -ing form 2. four more verbs followed by to + infinitive 3 one more verb followed by somebody + to+ infinitive 4 one more verb followed by the infinitive without to ee ‘Verb + ing He imagined building an amazing city. cea Verb + t0+ infinitive ‘He couldn't afford to build a new harbour ‘Verb + someone + to + infinitive He asked a friend to lend him some ‘money. \Verb + someone + infinitive He helped Dubai become a great city. For further information and practice, see page 162. 6 Look at the grammar box. Then put the verbs in the right form. 1. The population of Dubai grew from half a million in 1990 to 1.5 million in 2008 and has kept on (grow) to this day. 2. Sheikh al Maktoum decided (make) Dubai the region’s most important financial centre. 3 Attracting foreign banks and companies involved (reduce) taxes for companies and individuals. 4 The expansion of the airport allowed (Dubai / become) the fourth busiest international airport in the world. 5 Ifyou enjoy (shop), Dubai has over 70 shopping malls to choose from. 6 By planting 10,000 trees each year for the past four years, the city planners have managed (create) many green spaces. 7 The banking crisis made (construction / slow) down. 8 Butt seems that Dubai can’t help (build) more property and tourist attractions. Listening and vocabulary 7 10 Speal W Work in pairs. Make urban features by combining words in A and B. EY green high-rise leisure luxury motorway pedestrianised shopping waterfront ED partment building centre development intersection mall spaces 4 1.32 Listen to someone describing a redevelopment that took place in their own city in the 1960s. Answer the questions. 1 What was redeveloped and why? 2. Was it successful? 1.32. Work in pairs. Complete the sentences with the missing verbs, Then listen again and check your answers. 1. In the 1960s the local authority decided to the area as a shopping district. 2. This involved all the houses and making way for huge car parks. 3. Even the residents seemed to accept that the area had to be 4 Ifyou proposed houses into shops ‘on such a big scale today, I don’t think you would be allowed to do it. 5. The result was that they character of the city centre 6 Now 50 years later the local authority wants to it into a mixed area again. the Replace the underlined words in the questions (1-6) with words from Exercise 9 that mean the same thing, 1. Have any old factories been turned into flats or houses? 2. Is there an area of the town that has been changed completely in your lifetime? 3. Is there an area of the town that has been damaged by new development? 4 Do you have a transport system that needs to be brought up to-date? 5 What buildings were you sorry to see knocked down? 6 Isthere a run-down area of the city that you would like to see rebuilt? How? 9 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 10 for your own town or city centre. SONI > AN OPINION ESSAY EK > AMAPPY SOUETY > SENSITIVE DEVELOPMENT > REACHING A DECISIONlistening social development in southern india * pronunciation rhyming words + grammar verbs with ~ing and to + infinitive * speaking a happy society 5b The Kerala model Listening 11 Look at the two photos taken in the Indian state of Kerala. Which of these adjectives could you use to describe each place shown? exotic fertile gorgeous hectic prosperous remarkable tranquil 2. 1.33 Listen to an interview with a journalist who has recently been in Kerala. What is surprising about the level of social development in Kerala? 3 61.33 Listen again, Are the sentences true (T) of false (F)? 1 The journalist went to Kerala to write an article. 2. The state of Kerala has a lot of people in a small area, 3. One of the signs of Kerala’s social development is people’s high level of education. Women have a superior social position to men. People in Trivandrum are too busy to be involved in politics. 6 One of the secrets of Kerala's success is the open-minded attitude of its people. 4 Convert these definitions to adjectives. Check your, answers in the audioscript on page 177. Having 1 agood rate of literacy = _ literate 2. agood standard of livin, 3. a.good education = e 4 good health 5 ahigh level of culture = 6 strong interest in politics = tolerance of differences = Cece ies ‘Adverbs and adjectives can be combined to describe people and things. politically engaged, highly cultured | For further information and practice, see Workbook page 43 5 Work in pairs, Answer the questions 1 What do you think is the main reason for Kerala’s success as a society? 2 Could this kind of society work anywhere? 6 Pronunciation: rhyming words @ 1.34 Work in pairs. Words that rhyme end with the same sound. Match the words from the listening (1-9) with the word that ehymes (a-i) Listen and check. Then practise saying them 1 state a faced 2 poor b plane 3. low © opt . 4 head though 5 course e_ weight 6 main f force 7 stopped fun 8. none h law 9 waste i said b Look at these words. Can you think of a word that rhymes with each but has a different spelling? break foot height signed walk wordUnit 5 Development Grammar: verbs with -ing and to + infinitive 7 Match each verb in bold to the correct meaning (a or b). 1 Have you tried visiting India? 2. I'm trying to show how remarkable Kerala is, attempting something, b_ experimenting with something, 3 Lwas intending to go on to tour other parts. 4. The students went on protesting for four days. continuing an action b_ achange of situation 5. [twas meant to be a holiday. 6 Usually that would mean people having a fairly poor quality of life a describing intentions b_ describing what is involved I don’t regret changing my plans. No land is wasted, which I regret to say is not always the case in some developing countries. a apologising for what you are about to say b. saying you are sorry about a past event 9 Lremember going there in the 1990s 10 Please remember to send me a copy. a describing memories talking about things that need to be done 11 We stopped to vi an Indian journalist I know. 12. Keralites never stop debating, a ending something, b_ the reason for stopping, Eee ‘Verbs with two meanings remember, go on, stop, mean, try regret +-ing and to + infinitive ‘Verbs with no change in meaning prefer continue, hate, lke, ove, start +-ing and to + infinitive For further information and practice, see page 163. 8 Look at the grammar box. Then choose the correct form in these other sentences. 1. Noone knows how long Kerala will be able to go on 0 maintain / maintaining this model society. 2. Thisis the journalist's impression of Kerala. You would have to try to live /living there yourself to see ifit was the reality. 3 [regret fo tell /telling you that getting there by plane is quite expensive 4 Ifyou stopped to see /seeing some other places in India on the way, it would make it more worthwhile 5 But that would also mean fo plan / planning your trip more carefully 6 The other man remembers fo visit / visiting beautiful beaches and lagoons. 9 Complete this interview witha sociologist | about the Kerala model of society. Use the | correct form ofthe verbs in brackets | WHAT INTERESTED YOU IN KERALA IN THE FIRST PLACE? Wel, | remember’ (read) an interesting article about it about fifteen years agoand | meant * (visit) and see for myself but | orly managed to do that last. year. AND WHAT DID YOU FIND? WAS IT THE PERFECT MODEL THAT MANY PEOPLE HAVE SAID IT IS? | think what they have achieved is amazing ‘The government implemented a number of measures to try” (improve) people's quality o life and on the whole these hhave succeeded. FOR EXAMPLE? The most important is land reforms. n the 1960s they stopped * (allow) landiords to charge rent to tenant farmers. This meant® (Give) the land back to the people, mostly peasants, who worked on it. SO POOR PEOPLE BENEFITTED? Certainly. At the seme time, the government also started * (invest) heavily in the education systems, so poor people not only became better off, they also became better educated. AND WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ALL THIS? THERE MUST BE SOME No systemis perfect, regret? (say) The problem in Kalas thatthe economy i stil largely based on agriculture. ‘And someone wio leaves school with a good education probably doesnt want to. goon ‘ {workin the fields. So even though they prefe™? (ive) in Kerala, they often move to another more industrially developed state in India or even abroad togeta decent job Speaking 10 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions on page 155 to find out how happy your society is. Then compare your answer with another pair. Were people’s answers very different? If so, why? DP CHANGES m YouR Town > ENUNUNEGITSTA > Sensitive DEVELOPMENT > REACHING A DECISION 1 AN OPINION ESSAYreading a hydropower dam project in Laos * vocabulary re- verbs « critical thinking fact or opini word focus pick * speaking sensitive development 5c Sustainable development? Reading Critical thinking fact or opinion 41 Work in pairs. Look at the photo on page 63 of the 6 Work in pairs. This article contains a mixture of Mekong River in Laos before a hydroelectric dam facts and opinions about the benefits of the Nam project. How do you think the dam affected the Theun 2 hydropower project. List the facts and lives of the people living near the river? opinions about the projects: 2 Read the article quickly and check your answers + economic benefits from Exercise 1. In what other ways did the dam ‘effects on local people affect peoples’ lives? ‘+ effects on the environment 3 Read the article again more carefully and answer 7 Look back at the article. What told you when an the questions opinion was being given rather than a fact? Tel your partner. 1 Who helped to finance the project? 2. Why was this surprising? 8 Compare your answers with another pair. Do you 3. How much electricity will it generate? think that the dam has brought more benefits than 4 Who will use the electricity? disadvantages to Laos? 5 How many local people are affected? 6 What will happen to the local people? i 7 Who says life is better for local people after the Word focus pick dam? 9 Work in pairs. Find three phrases in the article 8 Why do environmentalists think life for local using the word pick and discuss what they mean. people could be worse? ‘Then do the same forthe phrases in bold below. 4 Find words in the article to complete these 1 Lthink it's easy to pick holes in the World statements Bank plan, but at east they are trying to do “ ; the right ting 1 The dam fodtala Bigorea and created huge 2” Can pik your brains fora moment? I'm 2. The World Bank would like the project to be a aie a so that everyone can admire. (para). Srfac of zlectrtity to Thailand were slow at firs 3. The people from the flooded area should have me ws better in future. (para 5) ure ede eee ae Le le feels that he is being picked on. The Boerum thet falar ne dippenre. local choice of location wasn’t only his; it was the ant a in Ane new, ways.t9, el responsibility of the whole team. 5a noe: 5. Tasked him to pick me up from the airport because taxis into the centre are so expensive. 6 We have a range of services — from basic banking to business advice. You can pick and choose which you want. Speaking Vocabulary re- 10 Work in pairs. What is the impact on people and the environment in the following development projects? How do you deal with this sensitively? Discuss and make lists. didn’t have before, like electricity, sanitation and clean water. (para 8) 6 Changing the environment so dramatically has a big effect on the local and (para 10) 5 Underline all the words in the article beginning with re. Then circle the verbs that mean to do something again’. Form the nouns from these words ‘helping a city damaged by a hurricane + building a high-speed railway line between Coen terri) two cities cond verb: redevelop ‘noun: redevelopment ‘+ moving people from a poor and depressed area ina city toa new town For further information and practice, see Workbook page 43.ai Kensavaong will never again walk along the muddy lanes of Sop On, the village in southern Laos where she was born. Her old home now lies at the bottom of a reservoir of brown water created to feed a hydroelectric power plant, the first to be funded by the World Bank for over twenty years. I'll never forget that place, says the 41-year-old villager. ‘It was my home. 1 picked my first bamboo stalks there. The World Bank stopped financing hydroelectric dam projects in developing countries twenty years ago because of criticism that such projects were harming local communities and the environment. But Nam Theun 2~ a 39-metre high dam on the Mekong River that generates over 1,000 megawatts of electricity ~is the showpiece for the bank's new policy of supporting sustainable hydropower projects. For Laos itis part of a longer-term strategy to revitalise the economy and become the battery of South-East Asia, The bank says that lessons have been learnt from the projects ofthe sixties and seventies when people were forced to resettle and whole areas of forest or agricultural land were flooded. When it comes to clean sources of energy, the bank thinks hydropower is the pick of the bunch, offering the best solution in a world where 1.5 billion people have no access to electricity In2010 the dam brought $5.6 million in sales of electricity and itis estimated that during the next 25 years Nam Theun 2 will generate around 82 billion in revenue to Laos, one of Asia's poorest countries, since most of the electricity will be exported to its power-hungry neighbour, Thailand, The government has promised that this money will be spent on reducing poverty and both renewing and improving the country’s infrastructure. Seventeen villages in the flooded area have now been rebuilt and the 6200 people ~ mostly farmers ~ who lived in them have been retrained to make a living from the reservoir, Dn eee oy Perret Development ‘The power company has premised to double their living standards within five years. According to the World Bank, £87 per cent of those resettled believe life is much better than before as they now have electricity, sanitation, clean water, new roads and greater access to schools and health care, In the old village things just weren't convenient’ said Tiea, 25, one of the relocated villagers. ‘It wasn'ta pretty place, the houses weren't very nice and we didn’t have power. In the new village we have electricity, we can see better But the old criticisms have not gone away. Environmental and human rights groups warn that the dam will have a negative impact on water quality and fish and that the local people who were relocated after the area was flooded may not be able to support themselves economically in future. “People are happy with these new amenities, but the real problem is how to restore sustainable livelihoods for communities who used to rely on th ‘natural resources — forests, fish and grazing lands for their animals ~ now that they've lost these,’ says Ikuko Matsumoto, programme director for the environmental group, International Rivers As well as the 6,200 villagers already rehoused, activists also point out that there are over 110,000 people in riverside villages downstream from the dam whose lives will have to change because of the new river ecosystem. They claim that these people will have to deal with issues like flooding, decline ofthe fish population and poor water quality: How quickly they will pick up new skills is uncertain. But the World Bank says it is responsive to these problems. A4,100-square kilometre pretected area has been established around the dam to safeguars flora and fauna, Itadmits though that rebuilding the lives ofthe villagers is not a short-term process and everyone is trying to learn and readjust as they go along, a me eT)real life reaching decisions + speaking evaluating a development project, 5d Evaluating a project Real life reaching decisions 4. Work in pairs, What kind of development would most improve your town? Choose three items and number them (1-3) in order of importance a new arts centre (theatre, musi, film, a new leisure centre a new shopping mall better local shops better public transport fewer cars (pedestrianised zones, cycle tracks) more (affordable) housing more green spaces e art) 2 61.35 The National Development Bank gives loans to local businesses and public authorities for projects that will improve towns and help the local economy. Listen to a meeting of some bank employees who are discussing a project they have funded and complete the notes. 1 Amount of | The bank lent the local authority [loan le : 2 Purpose of | To help redevelop a loan in the city 3 Aims of | To give local residents a nicer project park and some facilities 4 Progress so_| They have cleaned the area up, far planted , laid new | They have also built the and the children's 5 Other work | They have built a and bought a sculpture for £ ‘A new loan of £250,000 to complete the courts and golf | course 3 6 1.35 Listen again. What do the bank employees decide to do about the new loan? Do they all agree? 6 Needs Eee rod Cesena) Pores 4 1.35 Complete the sentences in the box with the phrases the speakers use to give their opinions and to agree and disagree. Then listen and check. What do you think we should do? What's your view? you! that’s completely wrong, Personally, think that’s absurd. I don't think we? penny. [ind it amazing / ridiculous that he sad that. | think we should / we ought to give them the benefit of sive them another the doubt. : bbe to0 hasty. We should be too hasty We need* whether they are in the spirit (of the original aims of the project. That really* the opinion of the local | residents Thet seit, its probably a good thing, | ra? with that ‘That’ right. Lagree Is everyone OK / happy with that? Exactly. ‘Are we all® that? That? tome. Speaking 5 Work in pairs. Read the report on page 153 about another project which the bank is financing and consider these points. + name of project * date started * original aims * action taken and money spent + results (positive and negative) ‘+ next steps and money needed ‘Then decide together if you think the bank should lend more money for this project. Discuss your decision with another pair and try to come to an agreement with them. Ee etdwriting an opinion essay * writing skill inking words Unit 5 Development 5e Big cities, big problems Writing an opinion essay 1. Work in pairs. Why do you think people want to live in big cities? Make a lst ofthe reasons. Do you think their lives are better there? 2. The chart shows the percentage ofthe world’s population living in cities. What problems do you think this creates? 3. Look at the title ofthe opinion essay and then read the answer. What i the opinion of the writer? ‘% of world population living in cit 1800 1900" 1950 2008 | 20507 In 1800 only «wo per cent ofthe world’s population lived in cities. Over the last twenty years more and. more people have moved to cities looking for work and a better life. As a result, more than half the world’s population now live in cities and that number is expected to grow. Cities are monuments to the amazing ‘organising abilities of human beings. However, some cases, they also have many social, economic ‘and environmental problems. The question is: do the problems they create outweigh their benefits? Cities exist because they are more convenient places to live. Jobs, schools, hospitals are all close to people's homes. There isa wide choice of people to socialise with and good possibilities for entertainment and leisure On the other hand, there also seems to be more crime, ‘more poverty and more pollution and often these problems are found in a particular area of a town, ‘making them seem even worse. But this is not so surprising, if you think about it. The same problems exist in the countryside or in smaller towns, but they are not so concentrated. Because ofthis, they are noticed less As long as the population of cities does not grow more Guickly than the services available for it, cities can solve a lot of our problems. They stop the population spreading into areas ofthe countryside, In addition, they provide jobs and a more interesting life. The problem with cities is not how big they are, but how ‘well managed they arc 4 Does this opinion essay follow the standard format? Introduction -» Arguments for > Arguments against > Conclusion The introduction can take different forms. Which, of these does the writer choose? ‘= giving a dramatic example of the problem ‘+ telling a story about the problem from the writer's own experience ‘giving some statistics that illustrate the seriousness of the problem ‘* quoting what someone famous has said about this problem 6 Writing skill linking words @ Look at the linking phrases below. Then underline other examples of each type in the essay. Compare your answers with ycur partner. Introducing a contrasting Then again, Explaining the consequences Furthermore, As well as this, Consequently, Choose an appropriate linking phrase to complete the sentences. 1. Certain cities in the world have become especially popular ; we have seen the emergence of what are called megacities: cities with over ten million inhabitants. 2 Alot of people find a better standard of living inbig cities. , you can also find very poor people living in them. 3 being very convenient for the residents, cities are also very convenient for business, Write an opinion essay about the statement below. ‘Then compare your answer with your partner. Did you use the same arguments? In our modern urban Iijestyles, we have lost our sense ‘of community, We need to return toa simpler way of life. Discuss. Read your partner's essay and check the following: * Do you find the arguments convincing? * Is it organised in clear paragraphs? * Does it follow the format suggested in Exercise 4? Does it use one of the introduction techniques suggested in Exercise 5?id e Beer oLecretelenmonm AustUnit 5 Development Before you watch After you watch 11 Work in groups. Look at the title of this video and 6 Roleplay an interview with Martha Schaum the photo and discuss the questions. ‘Wein pars. 1 Why do you think the video is called “Aquarium ‘on Wheels’? Do you think aquariums can teach children about more than just fish in the sea? 3. What might the programme teach young people? Student A: Imagine you work for a local newspaper. Use the information below to prepare questions to ask Marta Schaum about the Aquarium on Wheels programme. Student B: Imagine you are Martha Schaum ‘A reporter from a local newspaper is going to interview you about the Aquarium on Wheels programme. Look at the information below and think about what you are going to say to the reporter. 2. Work in pairs. Tick the things you think you will seein the video. ‘a boy dressed as amonkey a computer acrocodile adiver afishtank frog anecklace seashells atiger a toy snake ‘© the overall objectives of the Aquarium on Wheels programme ‘© who is involved with the programme * what the student employees have been doing, While you watch 3 Watch the video and check your answers from Exercise 2 this year + what the programme gives the student 4. Watch the first part of the video (to 02.17). Choose employees the correct option to complete the sentences, + what Martha gets out ofthe programme 1. The students in the video are: pace employees ofthe Aquarium on Wheels Act out the interview, then change roles and act programme out the interview again bb visitors to the National Aquarium u 7 Atthe end of the video, the narrator says: ‘The 2. The students want to help their audience to Brae ater Weel ayn understand: 1 powerful impact on more than just the rain a recycling, —_b conservation. forests.’ What does he mean? Why do you think 3. The students perform a play about: the programme is so successful? a makes, b_monkeys 8 Work in groups and discuss these questions 4 The children laugh because the actor says that: fighting is going to make his hair look untidy. b_ he doesn’t have any leaves to eat. 1 What kind of education about the environment do young children in your country receive? Is it effective? 5 Aquarium administrators want to give students: 2 The overall goal of the Aquarium on Wheels a. training in marine biology. programme is to entertain and educate. Do b lessons for life you think these two aims are compatible? Can You think of examples that meet both aims 5 Watch the second part of the video (02.18 to the end). Answer the questions, 1 What kind of skills do the students need? successfully? advantageous (ad) dvan'tebas having a good effect ‘camouflage (n)"kxmafla:y/ something an animal uses to make it difficult to see ‘major (v)/metdsa/ take a university degree in ‘mess up (\) /mes "sp! make something look untidy 2 What do these students want to do that other people in their family haven’t done? 3 What does DejaNé Jones say is the most important thing the programme has taught her? gyerall (ad) awva'ext! general poison dart (n) otzn ‘dota small arrow covered with 4 What did the students learn from performing poison at one end which isfied from a long tube the play? by blowing 5 What does George Faulk want to be? 6 Why is the programme personally important for Martha Schaum?UNIT 5 REVIEW Grammar 41 Work in pairs. What is the main industry in your town or city? How has this affected the character of the city? 2 Read the interview with a resident of Berlin. Answer the questions. 1 What is the main new industry of Berlin? 2 How does this resident feel about it? 3. Complete the interview with the correct form of the verb: -ing, fo + infinitive or infinitive without fo. I= Interviewer; R = Resident I: So, are you enjoying * (live) here again after a fifteen-year absence? Has Berlin changed alot since you were last here? : OF course. There has been a huge amount of development. They have kept on? (build) and*__ (redevelop) since the early nineties. And in many ways that is great for the ty, but regret *___(say) that its character has changed ... and not for the better. What do you mean by that? Well, there are so many tourists here now ~ people say as many as nine million a year. It's as if the city authorities have decided * (turn) Berlin into a tourist park. But surely tourists are a good thing? If they stopped“ __ (come), the city would lose a lot of jobs and income. I heard that tourism will help” ___ (create) 50,000 new jobs here in the next few years. Ym not anti-tourist. [understand that tourism means* (earn) useful income, but a lot of this money goes straight to private companies. I think the city should ask tourists and tourism, ‘companies’ _ (pay) a tax for visiting Berlin. Then this money could be invested in real jobs for Berliners. Vocabulary 4. Match the words (1-6) with their meaning (a. convert bring up to date spoil change completely modernise rebuild demolish damage transform redevelop tum into knock down 5 Work in pairs. Use a different verb in each space to complete these statements. 1. Green spaces can really of acity. In the 1970s and 1980s there was a fashion for older buildings in city centres and replacing them with high-rise buildings. It’s. good idea to the city centre into a pedestrianised zone. People complain that the character of many famous cities like London, New York and Paris hasbeen __. By them with luxury apartments and expensive shops, developers have forced out ordinary working people. a built-up part Discuss with your partner if any of the items in Exercise 5 are features of your city. Do you agree with the statements? Why? / Why not? Real life 7 Work in pairs. Put a verb in each space to complete these sentences expressing opinions. 1. What do you of the idea to restore the city centre to how it was 200 years ago? i it amazing that no one has thought of doing it before Ifyou ime, it's not a good idea. No, that doesn’t right to me either. You have to look forwards not backwards. The way I it, if t's good for the local economy, then it’s a good thing. I think it ‘on whether local people actually want it to be restored 7 Yes,Id along with that, Work in small groups. Decide if tis better to restore old buildings or to knock them down and start again. Speaking 9 Work in pairs. Tell each other about a large development project you know about (transport, regeneration of an area, new town, sports or leisure complex, etc). Cover these points the benefits that the development brings / will bring + whether it able or not ‘+ who supports the project; who opposes * your opinionte [nud ALerteR oF compuainr FEATURES Staycations People who holiday at home Voluntourism Working holidays around the world Unusual places to stay Hotels with a difference East Timor A video about tourism in fone of the world’s richest | diving areas PLANNING A STAYCATION TRAVEL Alternative travel TRG oes | Look at the photo, What do you think there is to do in this, hotel? Would you like to stay here? Why? / Why not? Listen to someone describing her stay there. What did she like about her stay? What didn’t she like as much? Work in pairs. Choose the correct option. Then ask each other the questions. 1 How much holiday /days off do you get from work each Do you like to stay in hotels or do you prefer self-catering / selfser When you book into a hotel, do you usually ask for a room with a sight / view? 4 Do you generally take a lot of suitease / luggage when you travel or do you prefer to travel light? 5 What is your favourite kind of scenery / countryside: the coast, forest, mountains or desert? 6 Do you generally enjoy the travel / journey as much as actually getting there? 7 Which aeroplane /airline do you prefer to fly with? 8 When you last went on holiday, how long did it take /last to get to your destination? scommodation? ANUNUSUAL HOTEL GETTING AROUND aspeaking local knowledge * reading holidays at home * vocabulary phrasal verbs with in and out * grammar not * speaking planning a staycation 6a Staycations Speaking Reading 1 Work in pairs. How well do you know your own 3. Read the blog. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? capital city and its attractions? Ask each other these questions to find out. 1. Staycationers always sleep at home. 2. Staycationers go out and do different activities, 1 Can you name five important tourist during their staycation. attractions in your capital city? 3. Staycations have all the stresses of normal travel. 2 How many of these have you visited? 4 Staycations simulate traditional holidays. 3. Have you ever been on a bus tour or walking tour of the city? 4 Have you ever been to a famous street market 4 Now use the information inthe blog to complete the statements. inthe ay? 1 People fist stated having staycatons because | 5. How often do you visit the city’s main = museums or galleries? 2. Staycations are good for the local economy | EROS Geese email ceatecd emery pea | priced hotel in the ety? 3. Some peopl think that visting local attractions isn’t as exciting as 4 Without leaving New York, Karen Ash was able tohavea 2 Are there parts of your local area that you haven't ever visited or feel that you don’t know? Would you consider taking a holiday there? Why? / Why not? BIAYcaTIONS You probably dontt like the term ‘staycation Me neither. But you mustn't be put off. As a concept, it is quite attractive. Perhaps you've already had one, but weren't aware that’s what it was called Staycations don't just mean staying in doing things around the house or just relaxing at home. They involve getting out more by taking day trips from your home to see local sights. If you don't ant to stay at home, you can holiday locally ~ for example, camping at a local campsite. Staycations originally became popular after the financial crisis of 2008, ‘when people were looking for ways to cut back on their spending. Apart from the savings, lets not ignore the other benefits: you don't have any of the problems associated with travel, such as packing, long drives, delays at airports and so on; and you bring money to the local economy, by cating out, for example, The only people who hope this kind of holiday ‘won't catch on are the holiday companies themselves. Some staycationers who base themselves at home like to follow a set of, rules, such as settinga start and end date, planning thei activites ahead of time and avoiding routine. You don't have to do these things, but it helps to create the feel ofa traditional vacation. Others, aware that an extra barbecue and a visit to the local zoo may not match the thrill of foreign travel, take ita step further. A recent example was Karen Ash, whose story appeared in the Wall Street Journal. ‘A resident of New York, Karen Ash decided not to go to Japan, as she had originally planned, but instead took a weeklong Japanese vacation in her own city. This inclided buying postcards and souvenirs at a Japanese market, admiring bonsai plants, eating ramen (and even speaking Japanese when ordering), all without leaving New York. Her itinerary also involved joining in ata traditional Japanese tea ceremony, attending a taiko drumming concert and watching Japanese soap ‘operas on DVD. I dont think many people would want to take this much trouble to create their staycation, but you get the idea!Unit 6 Alternative travel Vocabulary phrasal verbs with in and out 5 Work in pairs. Find two phrasal verbs in the article with in and two with out. Dis what they mean. Negative infinitive Its cheaper not to go aoroad. They advised us not to stay at that hotel. want Tikit went te say es Iveented roto sty in 6 Complete the sentences using int and out. ys 4 mustn't and don't have to 1 T'dlike to try __ that new restaurant in the You mustn't book a holiay without comparing prices fst. centre of town. I've heard it’s excellent. You don‘ have to spend a lot of money to enjoy your 2 Shall we eat __ tonight? We've got loads of holiday. You mesttspend 2 fot oF money... food. hope and think 3. Can you drop at the supermarket on EPRI a Felon hope fetes your way home and pick up some milk? I don't think thats right. Hthinkethat's not right: 4. All seem to do is work and sleep these days. fee's Inced to get more. Mee rice ecicn, ee 5 My daughter stayed until3 a.m. last ia ny at hare ties Jue Lats petizo abroet night. I was really worried, For further information and practice, see page 163. 6 Can you just fill this form with your name, address and passport number? 9 Look at the grammarbox. Then make each sentence express the opposite idea using negatives. Cees Some verbs can be used with both in and out. Sometimes 1. Let's spend a lot of money on a foreign holiday they give oposite meanings and sometimes they give 2. Lwant to stay in abig modem hotel, different meanings. Other verbs may only be used with 3. [think staycations can replace foreign holidays. either in or out 4 Lhope the accommodation is all booked up. eatin eat out; dropin drop out joinin joimevt == 5_{ told them to wait until the last moment before For further information and practice, see Workbook booking their holiday page St 6. We must go swimming ~ if you want to, that is 7 Ask each other the following questions w pine a4 Leese 1 Do you feel you get out enough? If not, what would you like to do more of? 2 How often do you eat out? 3. What do you usually do in the evenings, if you are staying in? 4 Ifyou saw some people in the park playing, volleyball, would you watch or join in? 5. How late were you allowed to stay out when you were fifteen years old? 6 Do you like to try out new types of food? Lets dont forget /not forget thatthe main reason for choosing a staycation isto save money. So you really? mustnt spend dont have to spend tre same amount as you would have ifyou had gone abroad, For example, if you? don't want to spend / want not to spend aot on eating out, just take a picnic with you when you go ona day trip. It*mustntbe/ doesn't have to bea cheap picnic you can stil reat yourself to afew luxuries Try Sta not choose /not to choose only activities that cost ‘money. One idea is to plan 2 two or three day walk and take a ‘ent with you: Ifyou ® dont think you'll enjy think you won ‘enjoy camping, then look up some youth hostels you could stay in instead. ‘The most important thing isto be adventurous. The fun of any holiday is discovering new places and there is no reason why 2a staycation should be any ciferent. I? hope tisnt/don't hope Grammar not 8 Underline these examples in the article and comment on the position of not in each case: itsa disappointment! 1 anegative infinitive (para 4) 2 anegative sentence using want (para 1) A 3. the negative form of must (para 1) Speaking 4 the opposite of must (para 3) 5 anegative sentence using hope (para 2) 11. Work in small groups. Plan a five-day staycation in 6 anegative sentence using think (para 4) your own area or thearea you are studying in. Try 7 anegative sentence using let (para 2) to give the staycationa theme, as in the article. e.g. a sporting theme, or a foreign theme. Make a short itinerary of at least five activities. 12 Work with another group. Compare your staycation ideas. Have a class vote on which staycation sounds the most fun and practical. > EEEMMINGENSANSNIGN > teaver > AN UNUSUAL HOTEL > GETTING AROUND > A LETTER OF COMPLAINTvolunteer vacations * questions + travel negative and tag questions * intonation in Voluntourism Work in pairs. What do you think the English saying below means? Do you have a similar saying, in your language? Do you think it’s true? @ €hange is as good as a ref Voluntourism is when people travel to a foreign location to work for free. Look at the photo. What sort of volunteering do you think people do here? Listen to the interview and check if you were right. Which of the statements best summarises Katie Samuel's opinion of what a good volunteer vacation should be? aa working holiday where you learn practical and useful skills b_ acultural experience where both the visitor and the host benefit © anenjoyable way to help others less fortunate than yourself Listen again and complete these sentences with one word per space. Then discuss what each expression means, 1 You probably thought that sort of vacation was for eighteen year olds on their year 2. For most of us, who only get a few weeks a year, wouldn't they prefer a more relaxing option? This should be a not just a work 4. Inreturn the locals take them for walks, which are like mini-safaris. They have to pay for their flight, their expenses and something to cover the organisation costs. 6 The CRIP helps to restore cultural sites around the world. travel experience, Work in groups. Discuss the questions. Then tell the class What do you think of this type of vacation? 2. Isit right that people have to pay to be a volunteer? 3. What other ways can you think of to get close to local people on a vacation? negative and tag questions There are various ways of phrasing a question. Look at these examples (1-4) from the interview and match each one to the answer the speaker wants (a-©) 1 Have you ever thought of doing a bit of building work during your holidays? 2. You probably thought that sort of vacation was for eighteen-year-olds, didn’t you? 3. Wouldn't most people prefer a more relaxing option? 4 It’s not really a holiday as we know it, is it? a Doesn’t expect a particular answer (yes or no) b Wants the answer to be yes © Wants the answer to be no Work in pairs. Find four more examples of, articular answer in the questions that expect a audioscript on page 177.Eee ‘Open questions (no confirmation of opinion demar Do you like visiting new places? Yes, now and again, Negative questions Don't you like visting new places? 1No, not at al, Tag questions You like visiting new places, don't you? Yes, Hove it. | You don't like visting new places, do you? No, you're right. | don't For further information and practice, ee page 164 8 Look atthe grammar box. Convert these open questions into negative or tag questions that fit the answer given. 1 Do you like the idea of volunteer vacations? (tag question) Yes, that’s right. very much 2 Do you think it’s an interesting idea? (negative question) 2 No, don't. 3 Have you been on a volunteer vacation? (tag question) Yes, two years ago. 4. Did it seem strange to pay money in order to work? (negative question) No, not really. 5. Will you be going again this year? (tag, question) No. We're having a staycation this year. 9 Pronunciation intonation in questions @ © 1.38 Look at the grammar box. Listen to the sentences and answer the questions 1 Does the speaker's intonation rise or fall at the end of an open question? 2 Does the speaker's intonation rise or fall at the end of a negative question? 3. Does the speaker's intonation rise or fall at the end of each tag question? b %& 1.39 Work in pairs. Practise saying the sentences in Exercise 8 with the correct intonation, Then listen and check your pronunciation. Unit 6 Alternative travel 10 1.40 The Great Continental Divide isa cycling and hiking trail that crosses North America from Mexico to Canada. Read this telephone conversation between Mike (M), a volunteer, and Jeff (), from the Grea: Continental Divide Alliance. Convert the sentences in bold into either negative or tag questions. Then listen and check your M: Hi, I'm interested in helping out on the Great Continental Divide this summer. My friend did four days last summer. ! (can! ‘work /for /just a few days) J: Absolutely. Anything from two days to two months. M: That's great. [have about a week in June. How much does it cost to take part? J: Ws free M:Sorry?? (1/have to / pay / for! my accommodation) J: No, it’s completely free. You just have to register by filling out a form and sending it to us. M: (1/can / do / that / online) J: Sure, you can. It’son our website, ‘ (you/ have / visited / our website) M:Yes, I've had a q trail can T work? J: New Mexico, Mortana, Wyoming M: (you / have / got / something / in Colorado) That's where I ive. J: Yes, we do, We have spaces in Winfield and a few in Mount Elbert M: (and / you/ give / training / first) J: It’s on the job training, unless it’s a very specific. We're looking fora chef at the moment. : (you / want /to be / a chef) M: No. [just want to 2elp build some trails ick look. And where on the Speaking 411 Ask negative or tag questions to try to persuade others of your opinions about these aspects of travel. Speak to as many people as possible. * beach holidays trying out local food * experiencing local # volunteer vacations culture * working abroad * travelling alone FTETETIE > Puanninc a staycanion & > AN UNUSUAL HOTEL > GETTING AROUND a (ELGG > A terter oF companreading historical hotels critical thinking claims and justifications + word focus mind * speaking and writing an unusual hotel 6c Unusual places to stay Reading 11 Work in pairs. Make a list of what you look for in a place to stay on holiday (comfort, a beautiful setting, modern facilites, et.) Then compare your list with another pair. 2 Read the extract from a travel magazine's ‘guide to unusual places. Answer the questions. 1 Which seem like comfortable places to stay? 2. Which seem to have the most disadvantages? 3 Read the article again. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 Karosta’s own description of its hotel: a issurprising. b isnot truthful, 2. The writer thinks the cost of a night in prison: a istoohigh. bis about right. 3. Fora long time after the gold rush Virginia City: a. was uninhabited. b_ wasa rich town, 4 The cabins at the Nevada City Hotel are: all newly built b_amix of old and new. ‘The caves of Sassi di Matera have always been: a. lived in. b_ used to store things. 6 The new owners have tried to keep the original: a furniture. —_b_ feel of the caves. 7 Ina lot of art hotels the art is not: a very good. b-_very prominent. 8 The different rooms at the Propeller Island City Lodge are decorated: a ina dramatic way. b ina similar way. 4 All these words describe parts of a building, Find them in the article and discuss their meaning with your partner. Use a dictionary if necessary. balcony balustrade corridor earth roofs saloon vaulted ceilings 5 Which of these places would you prefer to stay in? What are your reasons? Tell your partner. Cri justifications 6 Each of these hotels claims to offer an authentic 11 Writea short descript al tl king claims and experience. For each hotel say what the experience is, which facts support this claim, and which facts, if any, don’t support it. Hotel | Claimsto | Supporting | Contradictory be... facts facts 7 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 Does it matter that some of the claims the hotels make are not always justified? 2. Does it make you less likely to trust them? 3. Does it make you less likely to stay there? Word focus mind 8 Work in pairs. In each paragraph there is an expression with the word mind. Discuss ifit is a noun or a verb, and what it means. Then work out what these other expressions with mind mean, 1 Lam in two minds about whether to stay at a hotel or drive back home that night. 2. Mind how you go in the city. Itcan get dangerous there at night. 3 Ifyou change your mind about coming with me, let me know before Friday. 4 I'msure you can think of a solution if you put your mind to 5. Sorry [haven't got back to you about the weekend. I've had a lot on my mind lately. 6 Sorry, [know I've heard his name before but my mind's gone blank, Write three sentences with different phrases with mind, but leave a blank where the phrase should be. Exchange sentences with another pair and fill in the blanks. Speaking and writing 40. Work in small groups. Create your own idea for an unusual place to stay. Discuss: where the hotel is how your hotel is different whether it should be luxurious or basic What facilities you can offer that fit with the theme n of it. Then present your idea to the class. Vote for which one sounds the most interesting.Alternative travel PRISON HOTELS Builtin 1905, Karosta naval alin Latvia was originally home to mutinous Russian sailors. In the 1970s it housed political prisoners. According to their website this is‘an opportunity to stay ‘overnight on real prisoners’ benches and mattresses: In direct contrast to ‘most hotel publicity, the website goes on to describe Karosta proudly as ‘unfriendly, unheated and uncomfortable. They are not lying. This is more a reality jail experience than a hotel.'Reception’is a dark corridor where a former prison guard explains the rules to you (no luggage except a toothbrush, no attempts to escape), and then fires his gun in the air to show you he is serious. After a meal of bread and sweet Russian tea, quests’ are 4iven five minutes to wash before making up their own bed from a wooden bench and thin mattress. Sound unpleasant? Itis. Mind you, for $12 per right, what do you expect? PERIOD HOTELS Wouldyou tke to experience life in Americas Wild West 150 years ago? Virginia City in Montana, a former gold-ush town, was a ghost town until it began to be restored in the 1950s fr tourism. Owned largely by the state government, the town operates now asa large ‘open-air museum. Nearby is the Nevada City Hotel and cabins where you canhang up your Stetson hat and enjoy life as a cowboy. The rooms feature period Victorian furniture and downstairs the saloon has a true Wild West feel. The cabins look extremely rustic and basic fom the outside —two even have their original earth roofs — but inside they have large double beds and private bathrooms. Bear in mind thatf you bookin the week, you might, be disappointed because the city only comes to life at weekends, when actors walk around in petiod costumes, such as sheriffs, cowboys and gold prospectors CAVE HOTELS fyou had more primitive accommodation in mind, why not try the caves of Sass di Matera on the toe of Italy, which have been Inhabited since the Bronze Age? During the Renaissance they developed into more sophisticated rooms with stone wall, vaulted cellings and balustrades. But in recent history they are best known as the poor homes of the peasants who lived there with their animals until as late as 1952. Now, however, they have been renovated to provide hospitality ina historical setting, Although vistors to Le Grotte Della Civita must do without television or fridges, the rooms are comfortably furnished with antique furniture and period terracotta tiles. The owners wanted the caves to stil feel as authentic as possible, so they have built the furniture into the walls of the caves and left in place the iron rings where peasants tied up their animals. Prices start at $300 per night. ART HOTELS. modem artgallerys a place where you can lose yourself in an artist's vision of the world. A hotel is essentially a place where you can spend the night, n either more or less comfort according to your budget. sits advertising promises, Propel lsland City Lodge in Berlin manages to combine the two. Housed ina former apartment bloc, the hotel isa collection of individually designed rooms ~the upside-down room, the al-orange room, the mirror filed room ~ which are often so extreme that you have no choice except to get into the spi oft. In some arthotels, you could forget the art and simply enjoy the comfort of your Surroundings. That's not the ase with Propeler Island, However, the rooms an be small and claustrophobic (although some have balconies) and often you have to share a bathroom with other guests But if you don't mind tha, itmay be the next best thing to spending the nightin a gallery [CUENTA PLANNinG A staycaTion — TRAVEL GETTING AROUND 8 [LETTER OF COMPLAINT% getting around * intonation in sentences with two clauses Couch surfing getting around Work in pairs. Take one minute to read this description of couch surfing. Then discuss how couchsurfing works. Is it something you would do? Why? / Why not? You are going to listen to a conversation between a couch surfer and a host. Look at the box. Who do you think says each expression? & Listen to the conversation. Check your answers from Exercise 2. 1.41 Listen again. Complete the expressions. im coming in by * wanted to pick you up, but? That's? 1 but | can make my own way. How do I get to* ? You could just get * Alternatively, you can hop on * Look out for the” Its only a twenty-minute* The easiest thing is to” ‘ll come out and * HEU get held up, rl expect aca around sx thirty. (on your right But otherwise, PLANNING A STAYCATION > TRAVEL [LETTER OF COMPLAINT iia {AN UNUSUAL HOTEL intonation in sentences with two clauses Listen to these two sentences with ut. Notice how the speaker’s intonation rises at the end of the first clause, indicating that they have not finished speaking, [wanted to pick you up, but my car’s at the garage that day You could just get a taxi, but it’s about eleven. kilometres from the centre, Practise saying these senten« intonation. es using the same 1 Ill try to get home by six, but I can’t promise Iwill Normally it’s a ten-minute drive, but the road works have made it longer: 3. can’t make it today, but I'll pop over tomorrow 4 It’s kind of you to offer, but we can make our 5. The bus is cheap, but the train is much quicker, Work in pairs. Take turns to play the roles of couch surfer and host. As the guest, imagine you come from another country and are touring the host's country. Telephone your host and ask about the best way to get to his/her home from another city. Originally the idea of a New Hampshire student who emailed 1,500 students at the University of Iceland asking if he could sleep the night on their couches, couch surfing is now an established, worldwide practice. This is how it works. When you havermade your travel plans, you contact people on the couch surfing ‘network by email, to find out if they can offer you a bed for the ) [ night in the places you are going to visit. There's no fee. The only obligation on your part isto be able to offer a place to stay at your home when someone asks in the future. Apart from being free, the benefit is that you meet people with local knowledge. If you're lucky, some might even become long-term friendswriting a letter of complaint * writing skill formal language Unit 6 Alternative travel 6e A disappointed customer Writing a letter of complaint 41 Have you ever had a bad experience on holiday that caused you to complain? What happened and what was the outcome? 2. Read this complaint from a guest about a stay in a hotel and answer the questions, 1 Whyis the customer unhappy? 2. What does she want the hotel to do about it? 3. Does her complaint seem justified? 44 Ascot Street Oxford (Oxa 1EP ‘Sweet Hotel Group 654 Pembroke Road, London We 6Nx Dear Sir/ Madan |.am writing to express my dissatisfaction with my stay atthe Victoria Arms Hotel on 12th April. | made ‘a reservation through another website which was Offering one night fortwo people with an evening meal and breakfast for £110, However, when we arrived at 5.30 p.m. we were informed that there was 7 table available in the restaurant and that we could either dine at 6.00 p.m. or find another restaurant in the town, We had the strong impression that because it was a ciscounted offer, we did not receive the same level of hospitality as regular, ful-paying quests. The situation was both embarrassing and inconvenient. After some discussion with the staff, we opted to dine in the restaurant, but much later than we wished ~ at {9430 p.m. No one apologised for ths. Given the circumstances, compensation is not my principal concern. Rather, | would ask you to investigate the matter thoroughly to ensure this does ‘ot arise in future with other quest. Yours faithfuly (7) Cy ‘Ann Dunhill 3 Work in pairs. Formal etters follow certain conventions. Answer the questions. What is the correct position for each address? 2. When do we write Yours fatfully and when do we write Yours sincerely? 3. Where is the reason for writing mentioned? 4 Where isthe request to the recipient of the letter for action? 4 Writing skill formal language @ Find the formal words or phrases in the letter that say the following: 1 sayIwasunhappy 7 wanted 2 wewere told 8. what worries me 3. acheap deal most 4 get 9 ook into 5 afterwetalked to 10. make sure 6 chose to eat Convert the phrases in bold in these sentences into ‘more formal language. Use the letter to help you. 1 We want to tell you how unhappy we were with the standard of the food on the cruise ship Golden Dawn Example: We wish to express our dissatisfaction with the standard of the food on the cruise ship Golden Dawn. 2. Itold the receptionist that I had booked the room for two nights, not one. 3. After I'd talked to the manager, she said she was sorry and promised to look into the problem with the shower. But no action was taken. 4 Iwould have expected that the safety of the guests was what the staff were most worried about. 5. Given the trouble this caused us, we expected. to get some money back. 6 The manager said no other rooms were free, but if the opportunity came up, she’d move us. Read the situation and then write a letter of complaint to the hotel. You recently stayed ata small hotel in the centre of Oxford in the UK. During the night you were woken up by some noisy peogle trying to climb a wall into the hotel courtyard. You went down to reception to tell a member of the hotel staff but no one was there. You are angry aid upset that no staff were on, duty during the night. Exchange letters and read your partner’s letter. Use these questions to check their letter. * Does it begin with the reason for writing? + Does it end with what action is expected? * Does it use rhetorical or other types of question tobe persuasive? PLANNING A STAYCATION > TRAVEL > AN UNUSUAL HOTEL > GETTING AROUND @ Ie + Ee6f East Timor 4 East Timor .. for the intrepid few, an emerging tourism destination with unspoiled natural beauty.Unit 6 Alternative travel Work in groups. Look at the photo of East Timor and discuss the questions. 1 What do you know about East Timor? 2. Why do you think the caption says that East Timor is “for the intrepid few’? What does this suggest about the country? Only two of these scenes appear in the video you are going to watch. Tick the two scenes. a person sunbathing on a tropical beach b builders renovating a damaged building a group of people pulling in fishing nets from the sea tourists having drinks in a hotel bar While you watch 3 Watch the video and check your answers from. Exercise 2. 4 Watch the first part ofthe video (to 00.45). Complete the conversation between a journalist (1) and Ann Turner (A). J: Hi Ann, where do you work? A J: Why did you first come to East Timor? And when did you decide that you wanted to stay? ia: J; What four things would you say impressed you most? aS J: How many fish species are there? AS J: Why is there such a huge diversity of fish species here? AS 5 Watch the second part ofthe video (00.46 to the end). Answer the questions 1 Whatis the main problem on East Timor? 2 How long has East Timor been independent? 3. What happened after people in East Timor voted for independence? 4 What is the government worried about? 5. What policies is the government working on? 6 What should people who want to start a tourism business in East Timor do? }H Wadnte wide Wen agin Member tbe cats ‘inthe order you hear them. 2 The subsequent recovery effort has been painfully slow. b_ Welcome to East Timor, one of the world’s newest countries. © Itfaces an age-old predicament: how to make the ‘most of its natural assets without destroying them. d_ East Timor is a former war zone. € Weare still developing policies and regulations, After you watch 7 Roleplay talking about a new project Work in pairs. Student A: Imagine you are an expatriate, living on East Timor. You want to build a small beach hotel. Look at the ideas below. Think about what ‘you are going to say toa government official ‘+ what you hope to do ‘© how you will ensure the environment is protected ‘+ how your hotel wil! benefit the local economy Student B: Imagine you are an East Timor government official. Look at the information below. Think about what you are going to say to ‘an expatriate business person. © You are interested in attracting tourism to your country but you also want to protect the environment. © Find out how the beach hotel project will do both, ‘Act out the conversation. Then change roles and act out the conversation again with a new business. Decide whether the business is a good idea or not. 8 Work in groups and discuss these questions 1 Which areas of your country attract tourists? How does tourism contribute to the economy of your country? 3. What impact does it have on natural assets? 4 Do you think the government does enough to protect the natural assets of your country? asset (n) seta valuable posession emerging (a) man the process of being formed expatriate (n leks rat! someone who lives in a foreign country infrastructure (n) nostra! basic services that are necestary fr a community to function intrepid (cn rep brave, wing to take risks meagre (ad) nia small militia (n) anf’ an armed group rampage 0 rc Behave in 9 wild and violent way ruin) Pv destroy Lnspoiled (od) ons inthe natural stateUNIT 6 REVIEW Grammar Vocabulary 11 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. What kind of 5 Putin the correct preposition to complete these tourist attraction do you think this is? Read the conversation and see if you were right. What is Pauline’s idea for her next holiday? Why has she decided this? Complete the conversation using a phrase with not in each space. M = Marina; P = Pauline M: You're planning to go to Mexico for your holidays, 2 P: That was the plan, but 've?__ (decide / go) now. I thought to myself, ‘You're always travelling to exotic places. Why? (you / find) out something about your own country for a change?” ME: That's interesting. Thats called a staycation, 7 You'll certainly save a lot of money. P: Well, [hope so. But I (want / stay) at home. I'm going to travel around the north of France. Giverny, the garden where Monet painted his water lilies is one place Id really like to go.1* (hope / rain) a lot M: Where are you going to stay? Or have” (decide) yet? P: Ill take a tent with me, but I" (think / I will use) it all the time. Let's (be) too ambitious! I'll stay in guest houses sometimes. M: Well, I think it sounds like a great idea. It : (must / worry) about visas and changing money and vaccinations and all that sort of thing. CAN use not correctly with hope, think, want, le, must and in the infinitive means you ‘make negative questions and negative tag questions questions about holiday 1 Do you prefer to cater for yourself or do you generally eat when you're on holiday? 2 Do you like to try new food when you're ‘on holiday or do you prefer to play safe? 3 Do you generally join with group activities and organised excursions or do you prefer to do things alone? 4 Ifyou had two weeks work, how far would you consider travelling on holiday? 5 Before you can enter the country, you have to fil an immigration form. 6 Try not to stay too late, we have an early start tomorrow. Work in pairs. Ask each other the questions in Exercise 5. 1cAN Use phrasal verbs within and out talk about holidays and travel Real life Work in pairs. Find the correct ending from list B for each phrase in list A A B T'm coming in in traffic. The easiest thing is to hop my own way Til pick you up ride Vil call if get held up to your house? Look out for the Hoover building by train. can easily make ona bus. Is only a ten-minute on your right. How do I get from the station, Tell your partner how to get to a well-known meeting point in your town when they have arrived by public transport ean describe the best way to get to one place from another ‘atk for directions and travel advice Speaking 9 Work in pairs. What do you look for when choosing where to go on holiday? Tell each other Which of these things are more important to you and why the comfort OR the experience * the journey OR the destination itself * familiarity with the place OR not knowing, anything about it ‘+ relaxation OR being activeNatural resources ro cee Tea Et aad FEATURES Work in pairs. Look at the photo. How many natural resources. can you identify? Water conservation How conscious are we of the need to save water? air animals fossil fuels e.g. coal, oil, gas) _ minerals. plants+fruits soil sunlight trees water wind The minister for no oil Match the words (1-5) to their definitions (a-e). Then discuss which words apply to the natural resources in Exercise 1 Ecuador's plan to protect, eo paitrar eictire 1 abundant nature can replace what is used 2 exhaustible bin plentiful supply ‘A world of its own 3 inexhaustible can be used up 4 renewable d_ difficult to find Werte 5 scarce e will never be used up Madagascar’s unique 4 ecology 42.1 You are going to listen to an ecologist describe the three ‘R's approach to saving natural resources. Discuss what Galapagos energy these three words beginning with ‘R’ could be. Then listen and A video about controlling check pollution in the Galapagos ETS 4 2.1 Listen again. What examples does she give for each of the three ‘R's? Do you do any of these things yourself? FEQZICTN —CONSERVANON WISHES STRONG FEELINGS CLIMATE CHANGE a [iid Aterren To THe pressspeaking how we use water * listening saving water + grammar mixed conditional sentences * pronunciation contractions in con nals + vocabulary and speaking conservation 7a Water conservation Speaking 1 Work in pairs. Why do people talk about the need to save water when over 70 per cent of the Earth’s surface is covered by water? Read the article and see if your answer was similar. So what if people waste a lot of water — we've got enough, haven't we? Well, we may have alt of sea water, but we ‘are using fresh water faster than nature can replace it. So instead we are forced to recycle waste water, cleaning it and then piping it into people's homes. That process requires a lot of eneray —running a tap for five minutes uses the same energy as burning a 60 watt light bub for fourteen hours ~ and alot of money. Also, when underground natural water reservoirs (or aquifers) get low on water, they can become Contaminated with high concentrations of natural minerals lke arsenic, or man-made chemicals from the ground. To prevent tis, we need to keep these reservoirs well-stocked. So conserve water and you will ave money and the planet. Asieminute shower 55 litres hamburger 2500 itres* serving of goat meat 42 litres |ASOgbarof chocolate 1410 tres Aserving of chicken $80 itres* Acup of coffee 135 lites Flushing thetolet lites, 500 sheets of paper 22,500 tres Alice of bread 4olitres Yaklloof clean wool 85,000 lives 2. Look at the facts about the water needed for various everyday things. Answer the questions 1 Are you surprised by any of the facts? Why? 2. Can you draw any conclusions from them about the best ways to save water? Listening 3 2.2 Listen to four people from different Ki United Arab 422 Speaker 1 1 How does Liam describe Manchester? 2 What does he do when he brushes his teeth? Speaker 2 3 What is the problem with desalinating water? 4 What is Gemal researching? Speaker 3 5. How has the Colorado Delta changed in the last 100 years? 6 What is the river water used for? Speaker 4 7 What practical water saving measures does Carmen take in the home? 8 What does she suggest about other people's, attitudes to water use? isten again and answer the questions. bed 5 Are any of the situations the speakers des similar to that of your country? Grammar mixed conditional sentences 6 Work in pairs. Look at the if sentences (1-6). Answer the questions (a-). a Which sentences describe present situations and present consequences? b_ Which describe past situations and past consequences? © Which are a mixture of the two? 1 If we had known the facts, we would not have ‘wasted so much water in the past. Example: We didn’t know the facts, so we wasted a lot of water in the past. 2. IF Thad been brought up in Saharan Africa, Twould be a lot more conscious of water conservation. 3. If we all used less water, the water companies ‘wouldn’t have to use so much energy treating water. If desalination methods didn’t exist, this country would not have been able to developUnit 7 Natural Resources a eae 9 Look at these facts about the use of natural resources around the world, Then make hypotheses based on them. Use one of the conditional forms in the grammar box First conditional (for present or future situations) If + present simple, .. will + infinitive (without to) Second conditional 1+ present simple, .. would + infinitive (without fo). 1s Aa Seat Third conditional freshwater lake) is now one-tenth of the size ‘f+ past perfect, .. would have + past participle it was in the 1960s because water has been [Mixed second and third conditional ‘used by farmers to irrigate their fields. 1+ past simple, .. would have + past participle 2. Asa desert town, Las Vegas has to import a lot of water. But alot of it goes on watering, green spaces, partcularly the 60 golf courses that have been built around the city. 3 Sixteen million tourists visit Greece each ‘year, causing shortages of water on many of ‘Mixed third and second conditional IF + past perfect... would + infinitive (without to). For further information and practice, see page 165. 7 Lookat the grammar box. Ten make conditional | 4. tthe 1990s Ban found aloof gas in the sentences based on the information in these Neth SoM nEaneriaatas heen aaa they used it immediately. Now more than 50 1 We bought a cheap dishwasher that wasn’t per cent of Britain's gas is imported. very efficient. As a result, we use a lot more water than we need to. 2. [don’t use the dishwasher much, because no ne told me that you use more water washing dishes by hand. 3. You wasted a lot of water in the past because you washed your car by hand instead of using a car wash. 4 Automatic carwashes are really expensive. As a result, [haven't used them very often. 5. Our water use is way above the average because we built a big swimming pool in the garden. So much of the water just evaporates 6) We water the garden when the temperature is cool, so that the water doesn’t just evaporate 7 The United States has a shortage of water because they have tried to cultivate areas with a desert climate. 8 We changed our habits after we saw a shocking TV programme about how much water is wasted. Vocabulary and speaking 410 Work in pairs. Match each verb in A with as many nouns in B as you can. Then tell each other if you do any of these actions or support others who do. 8 Pronunci ionals ion contractions in cone BB conserve consume preserve protect @ 2.3 Listen to the contracted forms in these SED out of "says ens Innes sentences and repeat o 1 If we hadn’t built desalination plants, we'd still anima be fetching water from the wel. 2. Ifyou'd visited this area twenty yearsago, 44 you'd’ve seen a very different river 3. Ifthey don’t act now, maybe it'll be too late. 4 If people’d been more careful, things wouldn’t've come to this point. 5. If there's no rain, the river'l dry up. food forests land money energy petrol time water Think about how your country has saved or wasted resources and write conditional sentences about them. Then mingle with the other students, and tell each other your ideas. Choose the best. idea and tell the class, > ALETTER TO THE PRESS > EETSEIUNINI > wists > stnons FEEUnGs > CUMATE CHANGE @ |oil * Ecuador's plan to protect natural resources + wish, would rather and would only * wishes ‘One thing you do not expect an oil ‘minister todo is to block the development of his own country’ oil fields. But that is ‘exactly what Alberto Acosta did when he was appointed Ecuador's Oil Minister in 2007 For a relatively poor country whose main income is from oil exports, this proposal seemed like madness, But if Ecuador isnot rich by economic standards, in terms of biodiversity, it is one ofthe richest places fon Earth. When scientists studied teees in the Yasuni National Park in Ecuador's unspoiled rain forest, they found over 650 different species of tee in just one hectare ‘more than the total number in all ofthe USand Canada combined. cover thirteen years, oil How many of these expressions do you know? Which is shown in the photo above? oil field oll slick Re ee ‘There are some nouns that have many words that collocate| with them, ‘oll wel, il tanker, oll field oil refinery oil tanker oil reserves oil well oil ig For further information and practic, see Workbook page 59. Work in pairs. Discuss the questions, 1 How much is litre of petrol in your country? 2. Are people more careful these days about how they conserve oil or petrol? The minister for no oil Mr Acosta said he would rather the oil companies did not destroy these natural riches. His innovative idea was to leave the ol reserves beneath Yasuni Park untouched, in return for compensation of half their value, The oil is worth more than $7 billion, so Ecuador asked the international community billion not to extract it. But the plan has met with problems, both from within Ecuador and from outside. The state oil company, Petroecuador, ‘opposes the scheme and many suspect that President Correa now wishes he had never supported it, At the same time only 8 few countries have shown interest, with ‘only Germany promising $800 million Ecuador is not the only country trying to get richer nations to pay for not exploiting their forests, Both Nigeria and Guatemala are hoping they will be able to make similar deals. A spokesperson for local environmental groups explained, “This is a fantastic initiative. If only people in developed countries appreciated. that these forests absorb a lot of the CO, that their industries produce. I just wish they would take a longer-term view of this problem. If we dont do something to protect biodiversity and prevent climate change, we will all be losers - with consequences Td rather not even think about! to pay $36 Look at the sentences (ac). Then read the article and choose the sentence that best summarises Acosta’s idea. a for Ecuador to use money from oil exports to protect its forests b_ for Ecuador to be paid not to extract its oil for Ecuador to keep the oil underground until it really needs the money Answer the questions, 1 Why did Acosta’s proposal seem like madness? 2. Inwhat way was the price Acosta asked other countries to pay a fair one? 3. What has been the reaction of the international community to the plan? 4 What has been the reaction of local environmental groups?Natural Resources ‘Complete these statements using words from the article. Use one word per space. 1 Ecuador's riches are in its 2. In Yasuni park, Ecuador has oil $7 billion, 3. The main opposition to the plan in Ecuador comes from 4. There are other countries who would like to be paid not to their natural resources. 5 People in the developed world don’t the part played by the forests in preventing climate change. 6 People need to think about what will happen in the - worth Work in pairs. What do you think of Acosta’s idea? Is it helpful for Ecuador? Is it unrealistic? wish, would rather and if only Gm | Wish about a present situation wish + nourvpronoun + past simple Wish about a past situation wish + noundpronoun + past perfect Wish for someone to do something about a present situation wish + nounvpronoun + would [NB subject of wish and nounfpronoun cannot be the same ‘Strong wishes about a present or past situation Use ifonly in place of I wish ‘Stating what you would prefer to do would rather + infinitive Stating what you would prefer someone else to do = rather + object + past simple For further information and practice, see page 166. Look at the grammar box. Look at these sentences from the article. Then choose the option that describes the actual situation. 1 Mr Acosta said fe would rather the oil companies did nxt destroy these natural iches The oil companies destroy /don't destroy these atural riches President Corres now wishes he had never supported it President Correa supported didn't support it 3. only people in developed countries appreciated that these forests absorb a lot of the CO, that their industries produce People in developed countries appreciate / don’t appreciate that these forests absorb lot of the CO, that fneir industries produce 4 Tjust wish they would take a longer-term view ofthis problem. They will /zon' take a longer-term view of this problem. Choose the correct form to complete the sentences below. 1 wish people stepped /would stop complaining about the price of petrol these days. 2. Lwish they didnt cut docon / hadn't cut down those trees in the park to make a playground. 3. Would you rather walk / walked or would prefer we go / went in the car? 4. Most oil companies wish they had / would have the freedom to extract oil from wherever they wanted. IFonly we didn’t have / wouldn't have to rely on our cars so much, but that’s the problem with living in the countryside. 6 Ionly I could speek / would speak better Spanish. Then Imight try to get ajob in Ecuador. Sophie wishes that she had taken /would take a job with BP when she had the chance. She'd ‘much rather work / worked for them than her present company 8 I wish people zoke up / would wake up to the problems of climate change. Look at these situations and make two sentences for each one with wish, if only or would rather Then read your sertences to your partner. 1. Your car is old and uses a lot of petrol. You don’t have enough money to buy a new one. 2. You would liketo travel more, but the company you work for only gives you three weeks holiday « year. 3. Your journey to work takes you one hour by train each day. Asa result you never get home before seven in the evening, You never have time to do any exercise, which you would ove to do, tg ‘CONSERVATION. [ALETTER TO THE PRESS SSTRONG FEELINGS CCLMATE CHANGEreading Madagascar’s unique ecology « critical thinking emotive language * vocabulary strong feelings 7c A world of its own Reading 1. Work in pairs. Look at the facts on page 87 about the island of Madagascar for two minutes and then cover the page. Get your partner to ask you three ‘questions about these facts. Then get them to cover their books and ask them three other questions. 2 Read the article. Answer the questions. 1 Which of Madagascar’s natural resources is the author most worried about? 2. How is this resource collected and where does it go from there? 3. What examples of sustainable ways of making money from these natural resources are mentioned? 3 Choose the correct option (a-c) to complete the sentences 1 Madagascar has unusual a trees b animals ¢_ plants and animals 2. The Madagascan people are avery poor b very anxious <_ very practical 3. Cultivating crops meant clearing the forest carefully b- setting fire to forest ¢_ getting government permission 4 Former President Marc Ravalomanana was a more ecologically-minded b an inexperienced politician © popular with the military 5. The new government passed a law allowing people to a cut down hardwood trees b_ export hardwood to China ¢ sell wood from fallen hardwood trees 6 For many Madagascans cutting down hardwood trees is a aneasy way to make money b_ necessary to make furniture against their beliefs 7 Other types of tree are cut down to a build boats for Madagascans b_ make medicines ¢_ transport the hardwoods 8 The forest offers locals other ways to make money, such as a developing new medicines b taking tourists on guided walks © exporting flowers Critical thinking emotive language 4 Often, when writers feel very strongly about an issue, they will use strong or emotive language to try to make the reader have similar feelings. Find the key words in bold in sentences 1-6 in the article. Then find the emotive words or phrases that convey: 1_how individual Madagascar is (para 1) 2_ how hard the lives of the local people are (para 2and 5) 3 how strongly ecologists fee! about the situation (para 3) 4 how inconsiderate the loggers are (para 4) 5 how impressive and special these hardwood trees are (para 4) 6 how hopeless the situation is (para 7) Do you think that by using such language, the writer helps his argument? Or would it be better to give a more balanced argument? What facts or information would you include to do this? Vocabulary strong feelings 6 Replace the words in bold with a word from the article to make these sentences more emotive. 1 Alot of efforts are being made to preserve this, individual place. (para 1) 2 You could tell that she was anxious to get the job. (para 2) 3 Everyone disapproves of this use of force by the government against its own people. (para 3) 4 Anumber of oil companies now want to take oil from the Arctic. (para 4) 5 Itis a beautiful view, with the tall and elegant mountains in the background (para 4) 6 Archaeology is much more physical and tiring work than most people think. (para 5) 7 With no prospect of a job, the future for many young people looks hopeless. (para 7) 8. Allenvironmentalists seem very interestes climate change. (para 7) Work in pairs. Think of a place that is very special and should be protected (e.g. a local green space, a traditional community). Write a short description of it (100-150 words) using emotive language. Then read your description to the class. Vote on Which description is the most persuasive.is an island ~ the world’ fourth largest, at over but an island nevertheless. Although all islands have their own unique ecosystems, nature has 90 per planet. sand. ghostly Madagasca 225,000 square miles blessed Madagascar with exceptional riches. Roughly cent ofits flora and fauna is found nowhere else on t The spectacle of its carrot-shaped baobab lemurs make even the most well-travelled visitors wide-eyed with ind delight. But its rare beauty hides the desperate situation of its people. The typical Madagascan lives on about a dollar a day, even you would not guess this from the attitude of the Malagasy, the ethnic group, cheerful and optimistic race Since the first humans arrived in Madagascar some 2,300 years ago, loggers and developers have destroyed nearly 90 per cent of the islands original forest habit harvesting it for timber or burning it down to create room for crops and, more recently, catle island’ main Considering that Madagascar’ population is growing by three per cent a year, this tension between rich land and poor residents is increasing day by day. Alarmed ecologists have named Madagascar a biodiversity hot spot, deploring. the practice of slash-and-burn agriculture. In 2002 the global environmental community rejoiced when green: friendly Marc Ravalomanana was elected president. But only seven years later, in the spring of 2009, the military replaced Ravalomanana with a former radio disc jockey who seemed to have little interest in protecting the environment. Needin export of precious hardwoods, making it legal to sell wood from trees which had already been cut down or had fallen, during the cyclones that regularly hit the island. Yet in reality they did litle to control the loggers who continued to rob the forests of new wood. The main targets of this environmental crime are the rosewood tree and the ebony tree. The wood ‘money, the new government reversed a ban on the Se ee Po Nan Sere Unit 7 Natural Resources from these majestic trees isin high demand: in China it is used to make exotic imperial-style furniture for the new middle clas; in Europe and America itis a valued material in the manufacture of expensive musical instruments. The locals are caught in a trap. Poverty and the high value of rosewood - at $3,000 per cubic metre it is ten times as e as oak ~ have driven them to cut down trees that are traditionally believed to be sacred. It is dangerous and back: breaking work. Using hand axes, in a few hours they bring down a tree that has stood ‘all for many centuries. Then they cout the trees into two-metre logs and drag valuab these several kilometres to the nearest river The rare hardwood trees are not the only casualties, In order to transport the heavy rosewood logs downriver, rafts must be built from other wood. For each raft the loggers cut down four or five lighter trees from near the riverside, causing the earth to erode and silt up the rivers. At the same time animals’ natural habitat has be disturbed, putting their survival at risk, In this bleak landscape whet can bring hope? One man's work may offer a possible route out of the darkness. Olivier Behra who first came to Madagascar from France in 1987 believes that the only solution is to give local people economic alternatives, Almost single-handedly, he the Vohimana forest by encouraging the locals instead to collect medicinal plants, wach they never imagined had any monetary value, and sell them overseas to companies like Chanel. The village lemur hunter has been retrained to act asa guide for tourists obsessed with lemurs, The same tourists also o visit the wild orchid conservatory that Behra has set up. stopped deforestation in pay Can small-scale and sensitive initiatives like this compete with the rosewood mafia of Madagascar? Only time will tel ae z MADAGASCAR IN NUMBERS 4TH LARGEST island in the world after Greenland, New Guinea and Borneo 90% of its flora and fauna is found nowhere else on Earth Number 1 producer of vanilla in the world 22 MILLION: population of Madagascar 70 different species of lemur live ‘only on Madagascar 18 different ethnic groups of Asian and African origin, 300 YEARS: the time it takes a rosewood tree to reach maturity 24,560 TONNES of ebony and rosewood exported in 2009, much of itillegally ennuife making your point * pronunciation sentence stress 7d The climate change debate Real life making your point 11 Work in pairs. What causes climate change? Is it man-made or a natural phenomenon? Use the expressions below to help you. CO, emissions fossil fuels global warming natural weather cycle the greenhouse effect 2 24 Listen to four people discussing climate change and indicate whether each thinks it is man-made @ or not . Speaker 1: Erika] ges tite lll Speaker 2: Andy _] Speaker 4: Ralph] 3 42.4 Listen again. Complete the expressions in the box (1-6) that the speakers use to make their points. 19 examples Take .., for example Let me give you an example | Imagine * hale Stressing a point The point is that | 1 for one, * in how | pollute Look, there's no doubt that * ‘To be honest with you, Rejecting an argument | don’t accept that. Actually, | used to believe? but | Yeah, but that's not the point. | (don’t) believe it simply because * Challenging the question itself ‘The whole starting point for this debate is wrong, We're approaching this debate all wrong by saying \* problem, Se ALETTER TO THE PRES Sey 4 72.4 Discuss which of the techniques (a-e) each speaker used to make their point. Then listen and check. humour challenging the question itself speaking clearly and slowly illustrating with examples/stories © anticipating counter-arguments alniels Which technique did you find most effective? Which technique do you prefer yourself? Tell your partner. 6 Pronunication sentence stress 2.5 When making their point, each speaker uses word stress to emphasise the important words, Listen to this example. Idon’t know and I’m not sure anyone knows for sure. (2 words) 4/26 Underline the words which you think are most stressed. Then listen and check. 1 We don’t know that we're causing it, but some people say we might be. (2 words) 2_ ... scraping ice off the inside of my windows rather than the outside. (2 words) 3. Regional temperatures may be lower, but average global temperatures carry on rising (words) 4 Because it’s not just an environmental problem. It’s an economic problem, a social problem, even an ethical problem. (4 words) Work in pairs. Choose one of the solutions to climate change given below. Work out arguments in favour of this solution. Think about the techniques you will use to make your point and the examples you could give. Then get together with another pair who have chosen a different solution and have a debate. The solution to climate change is: * forcing people to use less energy by increasing. the price of fuel * paying poor countries to protect their forests finding. a technological solution to cool the Earth (e.g, putting millions of tiny mirrors in space to reflect the sun’s rays) trying to get all countries to sign an international agreement to limit CO, emissions eT edwriting a letter to the press + word focus better * writing skill giving vivid examples Unit 7 Natural Resources 7e Waste of energy Writing a letter to the press 1. Do you ever read the letters page of newspapers, local or national? Do you enjoy reading these? Have you ever writen a letter to the press yourself? 2 Read the letter. Answer the questions. 1 Who wrote the letter? 2 Why did they write it? 3. Do you find it persuasive? Why? / Why not? Financial News From Mr V. Dupeyrat. Sir, James Anderson (Travel section, 15 March) writes about the waste of energy in hotels: ‘overheated rooms, lights that are left on all night, towels that are used once and then sent to be washed. He is right, but why stop with hotels? Would it not be better to mention all the other mindless waste that characterises modern life? In the morning | walk down the high street ppast shops whose doors are wide open, blowing hot air into the street. At night | walk home past fully-it office buildings, when the workers have already left; past enormous flashing screens where advertisers try to go one better than their competitors. At the supermarket | take my frozen vegetables from 2 cooling cabinet that is completely open. My children leave their computers on when they {go out and their phone chargers plugged in with no phone on the other end (though of course they should know better than that) Al this waste illustrates two simple facts. Firstly, that energy is too cheap and we had better increase its price substantially to make people more energy-conscious. Secondly, that ‘no one really considers the public interest anymore, Published: 20 Mar 2012 Just as its in the public interest that there {are speed limits on our roads - though some people may not like it ~so we would all be better off if we were forced by our ‘governments to conserve energy. Dis V. Dupeyrat Head of Energy services DEF energy, London 3. Work in pairs. How is the letter organised? Match the functions (a~d) to each paragraph. Discuss whether these elemerts could be organised differently. Examples that illustrate the problem b Arecommendation or call to action ©The reason for writing, d_ Asummary of the problem 4 Word focus better @ Underline all the phrases using the word better: ‘Then match each one with one of the definitions (ae) below. Compare your answers with your partner, not be so stupid in an improved (often economic) situation more useful or desirable improve on the effort of another really ought to aaagce 5 Writing skills giving vivid examples @ What does the writer say about lights and towels, to illustrate his argument? Bb Find four more examples of illustrations of energy waste in the second paragraph. 6 Look at this list of things that annoy people about modem life. Expand three of them to explain what is annoying aboat it, as in the example. Then ‘compare with your pertner. Example: magazines that... are full of news about celebrities trains which, mobile phones that ... TV shows about .. supermarket food that computer programs which ... 7 Write a short letter (150 words) to the press, talking about one of the items in Exercise 6. Make sure you include the same elements as in the example letter. Then exchange letters with your partner. Do they agree with the way you feel? 8 Read your partner's leter. Use these questions to check their letter Isit correctly organised and ending with a summary? * Does it use enough examples? + Isit persuasive? > CONSERVATION. > WISHES > STRONG FEELINGS > CLIMATE CHANGE @ fia >Naturalist Charles Darwin once called the Galapagos a little world within itselfUnit7 Natural Resources Before you watch 1. Work in groups. Look atthe photo and discus the questions. 1 What do you know about the Galapagos Islands? Make notes about: a. their location. c b_ the population. what the islands are famous for. 2. What do you think Darwin meant when he called the Galapagos ‘alittle world within itself’? 2 Complete the video summary with words from the glossary below. The Galapagos Islands are home to many unique species of plants and animals. However, recently human beings have invaded this tropical Tourism has? and workers from the have followed. This has created pollution from vehicle * the energy people use and the rubbish they produce, which harms the islands. Now, corporations and the government are working to minimise human impact. While you watch 3 Watch the video and check your answers from Exercises 1 and 2. 4. Watch the first part of the video (to 02.41) and answer the questions. 1 Why did the animals on the Galapagos evolve into unique species? What do people always say about the Galapagos? 3 What do the volcanic eruptions tell scientists? 4 How long have humans been living on the islands? 5 How much has the human population of the Galapagos increased since the 1980s? 6 What is one positive aspect of tourism? 7 What happened after the recent oil spill? 5 Watch the second part of the video (02.42 to the end). Tick the things you see. bicycle a bird with a blue beak bird with aed beak black sandals abluedress boats abus amotorbike apink Tshirt recycling bin aseal a turtle 6 Watch the second part again and answer the questions. 1 What is the goal of the programme that international organisations and the Ecuadorian government are working on? 2. What four examples of conservation projects, does the video show? b d After you watch 7 Roleplay an interview with Leopoldo Bocheri More Work in pairs. Student A: Imagine you are going to interview Leopoldo Bocheri More. Read the information below and prepare a list of questions. Student B: Imagine you are Leopoldo Bocheri More. A journalist is going to interview you. Look at the information below and think about what you are going to say the journalist. * the problems the Galapagos have + what the government is doing + what other help is needed Act out the interview. Then change roles and act out the interview again 8 Work in groups and discuss these questions. 1 Are there any natu-al areas in your country that have been adversely affected by human activity? 2. What can be done to protect such places? ‘conservationist () /konsa've fon to preserve nature ‘contaminant (n)/kon'teminaat/ something that pollutes ‘emissions (n)'mifonz/ smoke and gas from machines hhaven (n) "hetvan’ a place wrere people or animals can excape to leak (n) lick liquid or gas that escapes through a hole ‘mainland (n) /meinlend’ a large area of land that is rot an island cil spill (n) ou spl! when ollacidentaly escapes from the place itis stored ‘oltimer(n) /aukd“tauma/ a ferson or animal who has lived ina place fora long time pristine (ad) pest: in perfect condition ‘relic (0) telik/ something left over from the past revenue (n)evanjus/ money earned run aground (¥ ran ogra hit rocks or the bottom of the sea skyrocket ()'skatrokit/to.g> up very quickly ‘wake-up cal (n) werk 4p ki! @ warning to pay attention person who worksUNIT 7 REVIEW Grammar 11 Work in pairs. Do you think that young people are more or less aware of the need to conserve resources than their parents’ generation? Read the extract from a blog discussing young people's attitude to resources. What kind of things are they aware of? And not aware of? Choose the correct form of the verbs to complete the extract ‘The funny thing about the younger generation is that on the one hand they seem very aware of global problems with natural resources. If you ask ‘them about the rain forests, for example, they | will say J would say. Oh, | wish people stopped / would stop cutting down the rain forests. They are destroying the planet’ But on a personal level, they don't seem be so aware. For example, it seems they would rather >eave / eft the TV on standby than ‘switch / switched it off. f the central heating was on too high, they ‘would be / would have been more likely to open a window than turn it down! We parents are partly to blame for this. If we ‘were / had been stricter with our children when they were young, they ’would know / would have known how to act now. | wish also that they “had / had had more energy-saving education ‘when they were at school. As parents, we'd all rather schools * teach / taught these things because when we try our children just think we are nagging! Vocabulary 4 Work in pairs. Find the odd one out in each group of words. Explain why it doesn't ft. conserve, waste, save, preserve natural, abundant, scarce, inexhaustible oil refinery, oil slick, oil rig, oil tanker sunlight, minerals, air, wind ‘majestic, tall, obsessed, desperate Work in small groups. Think of two natural resources that are scarce. Discuss what we can do to protect these. Real life 6 Work in pairs. Which speakers (1-5) agree with this sentence and which disagree? We should force developing countries to consume resources ‘more carefully 1. ‘Look, Ican't do anything about how people in developing countries consume resources. [have enough trouble remembering to switch the light off “The point is that the developed nations have used resources as they wanted to. So why shouldn’t developing countries do the same?” ‘Imagine a rich person in China wants to own four ‘ars and a mansion; who am I to say he can't?” ‘Iknow you'll say that it’s everyone's duty, including people in developing, countries, not to waste resources. But I don’t accept that.” ‘We're approaching this all wrong, It's not about what's fair; it’s about what's necessary to conserve resources. We all need to be more careful’ Which technique (a-e) does each speaker use to make their point? a humour 'b challenging the question itself © usingemphasis d_using examples/stories anticipating counter-arguments ‘Choose one of the techniques in Exercise 7 and make your own point about the need to conserve resources. Speaking A 9 Work in small groups. Discuss the following issues. ‘* a regret you have about harming the environment ‘© a consequence of not protecting natural resources in, your area * anaction to help conserve a natural resourceUnit 8 The news Pee ey aed eae | See a FEATURES 94 Alife revealed The power of the image 96 And finally ... Good news stories 26 98 From hero to zero The story of pilot Peter Burkill 102 Mount Fuji A video about Japan’s most. | 3 iconic mountain Match the two halves of each sentence to complete English sayings about news. What sayings about news do you guage? 1 Good news 2 Bad news 3. Nonews is good news. doesn’t sell travels fast. 2.7 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and caption. Answer questions. Then listen to a radio news report and check your 1 Why did these Chinese parents stay overnight at the university? 2. Why did they sleep on the gym floor? Does this story fall into the ca ent) oF soft news (less seriou ry of hard news (serious and and not urgent)? What about following? Discuss. olumn with celebri . gossip ‘= alocal news story about a new housing development : about a political scandal ‘© business news about interest rates a travel feature about Egypt a science news story about a cure for Alzheimer’s disease EQUECSTT THE ETHICS OF TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS [OG nutes From a meerinc (GOOD NEWS STORIES REPUTATIONS WHAT YOU HEARD 93vocabulary photography * reading the power of the image * grammar reporting verbs + speaking the ethics of taking photographs cece eee —_ _ 8a A life revealed Vocabulary photography picture is worth a thousand words.’ Fred R. Barnard | ‘What you have caught on film is captured forever... itremembers | 1 Read the quotations. Find the following: lite things, ong ater you have forgotten everything" - Aaron Siskind © 3.words that mean a photograph ‘There is one thing the photograph must contain, the humanity of the ‘moment’ - Robert Frank 2 words for parts of a camera | of a verte therceset Berinrtcarters Look and think before opening the shutter. The heart and mind are | does with an image the true Iens of the camera.’ - Yousuf Ka ae swnga __1See0 Feason to record the obvious - Edward Weston | ies Yor favourite uate aD A great photographer takes 100 shots and keeps just one.’ Ano | 7 Seeing and composing the beauty is what separatesthe | Reading snapshot from the photograph.’ - Matt Hardy | 3 Work in pairs. Look at the two photos \ E P 4 Complete tes senencesy Finding he contrasting acs | and discuss the questions. Then read the article and check your answers in the article. } 1) Have you beer either of these photos 1 Sharbat Gula let McCurry take her picture, even before? though | 2. The picture became world famous, even though 2. Where are these people from? 3. How old are they? 4 3. McCurry recognised 29-year-old Gula immediately, | even though | What is the relationship between them? 4. Gula does not complain about her life, even though, A LIFE REVEALED She remembers the moment the photographer took her picture. The man was a stranger, but he asked if he could and she agreed to let him take it. She had never been photographed before and until they met a second time seventeen years later, she was not photographed again. ‘The photographer, Steve McCurry, remembers the moment too. It was 1984 and he was recording the lives of Afghan refugees in a camp in Pakistan. She was staring out of the school tent and he admits thinking atthe time that the picture would be nothing special. Yet the ‘Afghan girl, as the portrait is now known, became one of the most iconic images of our time. McCurry used her intense expression, so untypical of an average, carefree twelve-year-old girl to warn us not to ignore the victims of war, especially its young victims. In 2002 National Geographic persuaded McCurry to return to Pakistan to look for the girl. After showing her photo around the refugee camp, he found a man ‘who had known her as a child and knew where to find her. He offered to fetch her from her home in the Tora Bora mountains and after three days returned with Sharbat Gula, a woman perhaps 29 years old, McCurry knew at once that 7 this was her. ‘Time and hardship had erased her youth. Her skin was weathered, Yet her eyes still burned with the same intensity. Her brother explained the story of their lives, blaming the war for forcing them and many other Afghans out of their homeland. When Sharbat was six years old, they fled to the mountains, hiding in caves and begging people to give them food and blankets. She married when she was sixteen and now her time is occupied with bringing up her three children, cooking, cleaning and caring for them. Yet she does not complain about having a hard life, More amazingly, she is not aware of the impact that the photo of the young Sharbat with her sea-green eyes had on the world Fconic (ad) /ar'kon,sk/ wellknown and admired everywhere _Unit ® The news Grammar reporting verbs 5 Look back at the article and complete these sentences using reporting verbs. Note the form that follows the reporting verb in each case. 1 She agreed him take her picture, He admits at the time that the picture would be nothing special 3. McCurry used her intense expression to warn Vl also introduce you to my friend, who is a wildlife photographer. She (promised) 6 In fact, I'm sorry I haven't introduced you to him sooner She (apologised) Also you really should enter that photo ‘competition in National Geographic. She (urge) 8 Ican lend you my camera, if you don’t think ts evict of wa, 4 In2002 National Gengpie persuaded MCumry «Poueisgoodenough to Pakistan. 5 He offered the Tora Bora mountains. 6. Her brother blamed the war them. out of their homeland. 7. They begged people and blankets. 8 She does not complain her from her home in them food ahard life. ‘Work in pairs. What is being reported in Exercise 5? Discuss what the person actually said at the time, Then compare your answers with another pair. 1. She agreed to let him take her picture. Yes, you can take my picture fecnue Verb + 0 + infinitive ‘She agreed to let him take her picture. Verb + sb + to + infinitive ‘National Geographic persuaded McCurry to return to Pakistan, Verb + -ing ‘He admits thinking atthe time thatthe picture would be nothing special 8 Complete the article about the ethics of taking photos of other people, Put the verbs in the correct form. In some cases you will also need to put a preposition before the verb. Photographers who take pictures without their subject’s knowledge are accused ' (be) sneaky or even unethical. A photographer who takes a picture o* someone in their living room at home with a telephoto lens cannot deny 2 (do) wrong ~ they have invaded someone's privacy. Newspaper journalists are often J? _— (do) this kind of thing ~ not that it stops them, But is there a difference between this kind of photojournalism and caking a picture of a stranger without them knowing? This person hasn't invited you‘ ___(teke) their picture. Perhaps they would feel uncomfortable if you asked them : (pose) for a shot; they might even refuse® Alet) you do it A lot of photographers insist ”_ ty (be) invisible so that the shots they get are more natural. They object * (ash) their | vero + prepotion «ing subject for permission fist because this would | She does not complain about having a hard life. spoil 'the moment’. But | disagree. | always advise hotographers * (talk) to their Verb + someone + preposition + in rete Heer aoe ea afer ima toh at subjects first. In fact I strongly recommend rman * ~ (et) to know their subjects’ story, | For further information and practice, se page 167. Look at the grammar box. Use the verb given to report each of these statements. 1 You've taken some amazing photos! She (complimented) 2. You should think seriously about doing this professionally. because in that way the shots they get will have more meaning. Speaking 9 Work in small groups and discuss your experiences of taking photos of other people and. of being photographed by others. 1 Do you like having your photo taken? 3 womans encoun Why? / Why not? fou are far too modest about your own talents. 2 What is the best way to get a good photo of She (accused) ie 4 Why don’t you go on a proper photography She (suggested) someone? 3. Do you ever take photos of people you don’t know? How do you approach this? 4 Have you ever felt uncomfortable about taking a photo of someone you didn’t know? re cracs > MINUTES FROM A MEETING > GOOD NEWS STORIES > REPUTATIONS > WHAT YOU HEARD ethe feel-good factor + ‘weak forms in verbs « and finally ... * 900% And finally ... the feel-good factor News programmes often like to end with a good news story. Look at the adjectives that describe how this type of story can make people feel and match each one to a definition. people can achieve A story shows you how strange people or things can be. An or pleases you. story delights or nee | we can add -ing to many verbs to form adjectives amuse ~ amusing, encourage ~ encouraging For further information and practice, see Workbook page 67. Work in pairs, Think of an example of a good news story you have heard recently. Tell your partner Use one of the adjectives in Exercise 1 | saw a really inspiring local news story on TV about a five-year-old boy who raised money for his sick sister by cycling round the park near passive reporting verbs + d news stories & 2.8 Listen to four good news stories from the TV news and make notes. Compare your notes with two other students and fil in any missing detail. 4) 2.8 Listen again and complete these summaries. but they Asa result in People thought that the were wrong because the future we will see 2. Researchers believe they have found When people took , the result was that 3. The world’s largest say they have invented But doctors say 4. Costa Rica is because it has Countries like on the other hands Work with a student from another group and retell the stories to each other. Which story did you find the most optimistic? Quirky? Inspiring? Passive reporting verbs Look at these two examples of passive reporting verbs from the listening passage and answer the questions, It was thought that the large blue butterfly was extinct. It is estimated that 20,000 large blue butterflies be seen this summer. 1 What do/did people actually say or think? 2. When do/did they say or think this? Pac | Typical reporting verbs. say, think, believe, report, consider know, estimate, expect, claim {t+ is + passive reporting verb + that + sentence Itis thought that people eat more healthily these days (present report of present event) Its thought that people ate less healthily in the past. (present report of past event) Itis thought that people will eat more healthily inthe future. (present report of future event) {t+ was + passive reporting verb + that + sentence ‘twas thought that the butterfly was extinct. (report and event at same time in past) ewas thought that the butterfly had disappeared. (past event before past report) twas thought that the butterfly would not return. (past report of a future event) For further information and practice, see page 167.Unit 8 The news th 7 Work in pairs. Look at the grammar box. Then look 10. Look at these other news items and facts and make at the audioscript on page 179 and underline seven ‘more sentences with passive reporting verbs. For each one decide: ‘+ when the reporting happened + when the reported event happened 8 Pronui 1tion weak forms in verbs @ 2.9 Look at these two sentences and underline the parts of the verbs (italicised) that you would expect to be stressed. Then listen and check. What rule can you make? It uns said that none of the previous studies had given a clear answer. It is believed that 100,000 chocolate bars have been sold in the first week. bb Then practise saying these sentences with your partner. 1 twas claimed that they had found a cure for the common cold. 2. Itis known that developed countries have a bigger ecological footprint It was thought that large blue butterflies had disappeared in the UK. 4. tis known that chocolate doesn't act as a health food. 5. In 2009 it was estimated that Denmark lind the happiest citizens. 9 Transform these sentences into passive reporting sentences using i 1 People report: ‘Large blue butterflies are everywhere now.” Example: It is reported that large blue butterflies are everyiohere nor 2. 30 years ago people said: ‘The large blue butterfly is a common species. 3. People said: ‘Hunters caused the butterfly to die out’ 4 Inthe past people thought: ‘Costa Rica is a poor country.” cientists claim: ‘Taking zinc helps if you have acold.” 6 They said: ‘None of the previous experiments has been conclusive. 7 Experts claimed: ‘Eating the new chocolate will improve your health” 8 But people know: ‘Eating too much chocolate is actually bad for you." sentences using the passive reporting verbs given Tell your partner whether you think each one is, true or not. Then check your answers on page 155, 1 It/ believe / that chewing gum when you peel onions / prevent / you from crying, 2 It/ say / Google’siname originally / come / from ‘Gogol’, meaning a number with 100 zeros, 3. It/ know / that laughing regularly / increase / life expectancy by up to ten years, 4 In 2008 it / report / that air pollution in the US / fall / by 40 per cent since 1980. It / claim / recently that scientists studying the Zebra fish / discover / a way for the human heart to heal itself. 6 In 2011 it / report / that a man whose house had been crushed by a huge rock in the New Zealand earthquake /sell / the rock for $10,000. Writing and speaking W Work in groups of three and prepare a good news story. Choose a theme of your own or one from the list below. Then write the story together, using at least two passive reporting verbs. When you have finished, practise reading it aloud. Then each person should join a new group of three and read their stories to the other students. a person rescued by an animal + the discovery of a valuable painting or antique + aten-year-old child that has been compared to Shakespeare + the invention of a new clothing fabric * a couple who are calebrating their 90th wedding anniversary + a dentist that people actually enjoy visiting >> THE ETHICS OF TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS > KEENE [EGS > mnures From a meen > REPUTATIONS > WHAT YOU HEARDreading the power of the press + critical thinking different perspectives + word focus word + speaking reputations 8c From hero to zero Reading 1 Work in pairs. Look at the headlines below, in the order they appeared in the newspapers ‘over several months, Discuss what you think happened. HERO BA PILOT PETER BURKILL SPEAKS: I THOUGHT WE'D DIE IN HEATHROW CRASH ‘I AM NOT A HERO’ SAYS BA CRASH PILOT CAPTAIN PETER BURKILL REAL HERO OF BA FLIGHT 38 CO-PILOT JOHN COWARD HERO PILOT ‘FORCED OUT OF BA’ FALLEN HERO: THAT DAY CHANGED MY LIFE FOREVER OFFICIAL REPORT SAYS ICE FAULT CAUSED BA AIRPORT CRASH Read the story quickly. Then check the sequence of key events with your partner. How did the story differ from your answer in Exercise 1? Read the article again. Are the statements true (T) or false (F)? 1. Burkill’s co-pilot was at the controls when the engines failed. 2. Some passengers were badly hurt during evacuation. 3. At the time of the accident, Burkill was a single man who liked to enjoy himself. 4 Burkill’s crew read BA's internal report. Burkill was praised in the AAIB report. 6 He was too loyal to BA to work for another airline. ‘Complete the sentences with words from the article, 1. Burkill went from being a hero to being a (opposite of hero) villain. (para 1) 2. When the plane crash landed, (incredibly) itstayed upright and no one was hurt. (para 2) 3 Perhaps his colleagues believed he was (no good at his job) (para 3) 4. The press portrayed Burkill as irresponsible: he (failed) the people he was supposed to be respon ible for. (para 4) 5 Burkill felt (completely unsupported) by his colleagues and the company. (para 5) 6 After the official report was published, Burkill was (given as a prize) his actions. (para 7) a medal for Critical thinking different perspectives 6 Each participant has a different perspective and a different motivation for acting as they did after the accident. Make notes to complete the table. People involved | Their view of | Motivations for Burkill's role _| their actions Peter Burkill | he did what any | to clear his name pilot would have | and keep his job done x BA staff BA management AAIB* the newspapers “Air Accidents Investigation Branch 7 Which ofthe people do you believe? Who do you think the newspaper's readers believed? Word focus word 8 Find four expressions in the article with word. Match cach one with the definitions below 1 tobe the one who is able to make the final point in an argument and win it 2. news or a rumour starts to circulate 3. there is no evidence other than what two people claim to be true 4. there is no news about something Work in pairs. What do these other expressions with ‘word mean? 1 ‘The new gallery is amazing, But don't take my word for it: go and see for yourself.’ 2. ‘When my husband handed me the keys toa new car for my birthday, | was lost for words’ 3. ‘The hotel doesn’t advertise at al. It just relies on word of mouth to get new customers.” 4 ‘Ican’t believe the council are closing the library. ‘They gave their word that they wouldn't, Speaking 40 Work in groups. Discuss the media in your country. 1 How respectful are journalists towards politicians? 2. How balanced is the reporting of public scandals? 3. Are people interested in reading about the private lives of famous people?FROM HERO VA A@) [jy 2008, esr pl fom sting at feathrow Arpor. fight captain Peter Burl was being prased asatero Only dayslate when reports appeared inthe press accusing him of reezng atthe control he became ia, How dhs exrswdary trentornaton come about [letras pt on igh 8m Hongkong nd imately esponsible for theives af ts 152 passengers But 35 seconds fo andng two af the planes engines ated Wh the lane lshg height ast Burl let isco plot John Coward take the contol wile hehimsel adjusted the wing aps to heb the plane each the runway. twas ast decison, but it feaied The plane jist nised soc hoses ad anol hsewly onthe asst short ofthe runway ter sting fo afew hundred mets miraculously came toa stop without turning over The passengers escaped without serious nur As far as, Baril was concemed he had dane what ay opal would Fecal inva ae I era eee Ve terete bee Create among BAS sain the lowing das, Wether they sted to gosp or et Bul wasincrmpetent word wet eed at ater tan tein eto he plane had fozen Worse than ht wes ported that he ad aed to issue a mayday call and had not evacuated the passengers comet. sme newspapers, sensing a chance to sell more copies, picked jp the story, claiming that John Coward was the real hero. They published details of Burklls colourful pas, painting a picture of ‘well-paid pilot, who had lived the life of a playboy, but - when itmattered ~ had let down his crew and passengers. Worse stil for Burkill, t wasn't even his word against theirs. British Airways banned him from speaking about the events unti the full investigation by Air Accidents Investigations Branch (AAIB) was complete. mayday call) /.metder kool a cal for help in an emergency runway (n)’sanweu! the part of an airport where planes land and take off skid (0) skid (of a car, bicycle, plane, etc) toslide without any control voluntary redundancy (7) /wolonti ri dandans/ to agree to leave your job in exchange for payment of money BOUL ae a Poetry Unit 8 The news [Bherioht Burks te change Before the accident he had Tad eveything rat eben home, along fal ahi reper of is Caleaocs Nom he ft eter apes Te sess put enous psa oni ony Inthe wees that followed he pent more ime at home hing Nsw Mara tolock fe ther young chen Bt hebecme depressed He beged the company ose Statement to eri ame, ut they eed ear anus not ce Bl aby ase oc ea food Bil gully of mise. Eve when they publshed ther own ternal eportin Hay 2008, which cleared fim of any roa ki ip esl ee ee iordef reached is cose cileogus and romowr created thar meres wera of) with Rim He wrote to BAS ie ea a Tee eae [Tile ofc AI report, the est ofa completely independent cui, wes finaly publshedin February 209. concuded thats had formedin the fesse dur the approach Heaton cuting the fel sup) tothe engines Te action of the ce hadsaved the vse al on boar sparta Capt Burkill split-second decison ede he ap setting pilots and thirteen cabin crew were awarded the British inways Safety Medal and the story of Peter Burkill the hero once again made the headlines. But the damage had been done. In August 2009, Peter Burkill took voluntary redundancy. from the company he had served for 25 years. He began applying for jobs with other ztlnes, but he was not invited to a single interview. did his critics win? No, Burl himself had the last word. BA said that he was and always tad been welcome in the company and in September 2010 invited him to come back and fly Boeing 777 for them. Burkhil accepted their invitation. N aaa Cereal life reporting what you heard * pronunciation the schwa 8d Spreading the news Real life reporting what you heard 11 2.10 Listen to two neighbours discussing a traffic incident that took place in their street. Choose the picture that best illustrates what happened, 2. 2.10 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. Then listen again and check. 1 Why didn’t Phil see the incident? 2 Who did Jess learn about the incident from? 3. How could the argument between the drivers have been avoided? Who was one of the drivers identified as? What happened in the end? What is Phil’s opinion of Tara and Chris as sources of information? 3 2.10 Look at the box. Complete the phrases Jess (J) uses to report what someone said and Phil (P) uses to say how reliable this source was. Then. listen and check ier that it was an argument between two car drivers and it got quite heated 2 J; one of the drivers became really aggressive. 3. P: I'd take what Tara says with She tends to things 4 J: She that ifthe police hadn't arrived, there would have bee a fight 5 J Someone they had seen one of the drivers before he isa local politician 6 P: Ithink I'd take he's not the type to 7a Chris, they took them both. away. Peenunhnna nad "heard that .. Someone said that .. ‘They reckon that. ‘According to (somebody)... Itseems that .. Apparently, Supposedly, Expressing belief and disbelief rd take histher word for it. He ishe generally gets hissher facts right. He's not the type to spread gossip. Take no notice of what hefshe says. Is been blown out of proportion. Vd take that with a pinch of salt. 4 Pronunciation the schwa a 2.11 Unstressed syllables often produce the schwa sound /al, Listen to these examples and repeat. The stressed syllable is underlined. fof fol ial tal apparently supposedly b 42.12 Underline the stressed syllable and circle the schwa sound in these words. Then listen and. check. according generally Proportion reckon, happened information report surprisingly © Work in pairs. Practise saying the words. 5 You are going to spread news around the class. Follow these steps ‘+ Tell your partner two facts (one true, one false) about yourself or something you did ‘+ Mingle with other students in the class and tell them the facts you heard. (Speak to at least three people.) + Return to your partner and report the facts you heard * Discuss which ones you think are true or not. Use the expressions in the box. + Tell the class what you thought and see if you were right. EEIMETINND > THE evics OF TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS > GOOD NEWS STORIES > REPUTATIONS » KINTSETOMNTENSY IMI > Mvutes From A MEETINGSe writing minutes from a meeting * writing skill impersonal language 8e A residents’ meeting Writing minutes from a meeting 1 Read this report of a meeting of residents in a street where a traffic incident occurred. Answer the questions, 1 What three ideas were reported to avoid confrontations between drivers? 2. Which one did they decide was the best idea and why? Essex Street residents’ assoc From: Sian Taylor Re: Residents meeting about road rage incident ‘Thanks to all of you who wrote and apologised for not being able to attend on Tuesday evening, Here are the minutes from the meeting, ‘We met to discuss what to do about traffic in our street following the incident that took place two ‘weeks ago. Various ideas were discussed about how we could prevent drivers from getting into these angry confrontations. One proposal ‘was to ask the council to make Essex Street a one-way street, but most people thought that, ‘this wouldn't be good for residents. Another suggestion was to reduce the number of parking spaces to allow more places for cars to pass each other in the street. The objection to this was that it would force residents to park in neighbouring streets and just move the problem to another street. In the end, it was agreed that the best thing would be to put some signs at each end of the road asking drivers to drive with care and consideration. Terry Miles offered to write a letter to the local council to ask if this would be possible. A draft copy of the letter will be posted here next week so that people can comment on it before itis sent. 2 Which of these elements are included in the report? In what order do they appear? the aim of the meeting, what action was decided who said what who attended the meeting follow-up action 3 Writing ski impersonal language @ Underline the phrases that the writer uses to do avoid naming people directly when reporting ‘what was said. Why does she do this? Compare your answers with your partner and discuss Rewrite the sentences from a meeting report. Use the words given to make them less personal and direct 1 Hannah suggested that we should put speed ‘bumps along the street. One (suggestion) 2. Everyone thought this was a terrible idea It (decided / good) 3. Dan thought the speed limit should be reduced to 15mph. Another (idea) 4. But several people said that probably no one would keep to this speed limit. It (agreed) 5 Harry proposed having a sign with arrows giving priority to drivers from one direction. Another (proposal) 6 Sophie argued thet this would be impossible to enforce, The (objection / difficult) Read the description of a local problem. Discuss with your partner possible solutions to it. Look at the suggestions on page 153. Write a report of a meeting at which these solutions were discussed. Say which one was chosen and describe the follow-up action. ‘The city’s university has recently bought four houses in your stree: to accommodate students, because they don't have enough accommodation at their main site. The students are making a lot of noise at night, playing loud music and shouting in the street. This is a problem for local residents, many of whom have young children. Exchange your reports with another pair. Answer these questions. Then report your findings to them. ‘© Did they choose the same solution as you? + Does their report seem too personal or direct? Does it follow the structure of the model in Exercise 1? + Is any important information missing from it? Unit 8 The news > THE ETHICS OF TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS > GOOD NEWS STORIES > REPUTATIONS > WHAT YOU HEARD [na > fimUnit 8 The news Before you watch 11 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss the questions. 1. Where are the people in the photo? 2. Why do you think they are there? 3. What do you think the caption tells us about the people in the photo? 2 Tick the things you think you are going to see in this video. abear abulldozer clouds drums anelephant food vendors a rollercoaster snow sunflowers asunrise umbrellas While you watch 3 Watch the video and check your answers from. Exercise 2. 4 Watch the video again and de cribe these things. 1 Mount Fuji 2 the ‘fire and water’ festivals, 3. the weather when Karen Kasmauski climbs the ‘mountain 5 Watch the first part of the video (to 02.07). Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false sentences. 1. Karen Kasmauski is enjoying perfect weather for her photographic shoot 2. Karen thinks Japanese people worship Mount Fuji because it is so beautiful, 3. Mount Fuji is worshipped with fire and water festivals. 4 Karen starts her photographic shoot in the forest at the base of the mountain. 5 You can buy lots of biscuits and cakes at Mount Fuji. 6 Climbing Mount Fuji is seen mostly as something tourists have to do. ‘appease (y) /apiz! keep a person or a thing calm bento box (n) bent boks/ 2 wooden or metal box, divided into compartments, used in Japan for storing separate food ‘dishes for a meal bonding (n) "bondiy/the process of becoming emotionally close to other people bulldozer (n)"buldauza’ a large machine that moves earth ‘conical (ad) konika shaped like a cone 6 Watch the second par of the video (02.08 to the end). Make notes about these things. Then compare your notes with a partner. 1 How Karen feels when she gets to the top. 2. How Mount Fuji was different in the past. 3. Managing Mount Fuji 4 What happens at the end of the climbing season. After you watch 7 Roleplay interviewing a National Geographic photographer Work in pairs. Student A: Imagine you are a photographer for National Geographic. You are going, to be interviewed by an amateur photographer. Make notes about the areas below. Student B: Imagine yeu are an amateur photographer. You are going to interview a photographer for Natwnal Geographic. Prepare questions to ask the photographer about these ‘+ lifestyle of a photographer ‘+ the advantages and disadvantages of the job Act out the interview, then change roles and act cout the interview again, 8 Karen Kasmauski says that climbing Mount Fuji is ‘a national bonding experience’. What do you think she means? Are there any symbols of national unity in your country? Work in groups and discuss these questions. 1 Are there any special places in your country where people like to go and take photographs? 2. What makes an interesting photograph for you: the place, the people or what is taking place? 3. Is there any famous place in the world you would like to go to take pictures? Why would you choose that particular place? ‘gorgeous (ad) (g>:t50s very beautiful pilgrimage (n) "pilgrim a journey toa holy place ‘Purification (n) /pjuarf'ketfan'the process of making ‘something clean ‘typhoon (n) ta fu:n! a very strong tropical storm vending machine (n) 'vendin mafiza!@ machine that sells ‘things for example, drinks or foodUNIT 8 REVIEW Grammar 1. Work in pairs. Look atthe photo of a new development near Singapore's financial district What you think the dlesigners are trying to create? 2 Read the news article below and sce if you were right 3 Complete the article with the correct form of the verbs. Use prepositions where necessary Big cities are often criticised '__(be) big polluters. But itis generally considered that Singapore? (be) an exception to this rule. For a ong time the government hhas encouraged developers and conservationists > (think) of ways to increase the island's green spaces Recently green groups suggested ‘__ (turn) the old KTM railway corridor into a nature tral. But perhaps the ‘most striking project is Gardens by the Bay, a futuristic park near the city's financial centre which includes eighteen Supertrees. When itis complete its said that each of the eighteen trees* _(be covered) in more that 200 varieties of plant. The government invited various companies (Submit) ideas for the project and this was chosen as the most exciting, A spokesman for the government complimented the designers”. (come) up with a “truly innovative’ design. The Supertrees are between 25 and 50 meters tall and mimic the function of real trees, absorbing sunlight through photovoltaic cells and collecting rainwater. The photographer who took this picture admitted* __ (feel) sceptical about the project Until he saw it for himself, ‘t looks like something from the film Avatar: almost too good to be real!” CAN report speech with reporting verbs and the correct dependent verb form report what it generally said or thought with passive reporting verbs Vocabulary 4 Workin pairs. Find the odd one out in each group of words. Explain the reason for your choice 1 film, photo, snapshot, picture column, feature, scandal, editorial inspiring, amusing, optimistic, encouraging lens, shutter, flash, camera "urge, promise, encourage, persuade objection, suggestion, proposal, recommendation Work in pairs. Describe a news photo that had a big impact on you. What was the story behind the picture? CAN talk about photography relate good news stories Real life 6 Puteach phrase into the right category reporting what someone said (R), expressing belief (B) or expressing disbelief (D). 1 They reckon that half a million people came to the free festival 2. I'd take that figure with a pinch of salt. 3 Apparently, a lot more people came than expected. 4. Tthink the number has been blown out of proportion. 5. According to official reports, around 250,000 attended. It seems that the organisers were only expecting 150,000 maximum. I think we can take the organiser’s word. fort. Take no notice of what the promoters say ‘The just want publicity. Work in small groups. Talk about an event, local or national, people have been discussing recently. Tell each other what you believe to be the real facts. Hoan report what heard Speaking 8 Work in pairs. Create a short news item about an event in your class or college. Include at least two verbs reporting what people saidTalented people | Piece ak ns Photograph by Robert Harding FEATURES An ordinary man The extraordinary career of an astronaut Pushing the boundaries National Geograp Emerging Explorers programme The king herself The story of the pharaoh Hatshepsut Work in pairs. Match the words in the box to the definitions (ag). background experience knowledge qualifications qualities skills talents strong natural abilities abilities developed by practice the (generally positive) characteristics certificates which show you have learnt something what you've done in your life what you know your past in general (where you come from, where you studied, etc.) Look at the photo and the caption. What qualities, skills, knowledge, qualifications and experience do you think a mahout needs to do their job well? Discuss. pee a eee description with your answers in Exercise 2. [DIRECST ACAREERPATH PERSONAL QUALITIES WOMEN AT WORK SKILLS, TALENTS AND EXPERIENCE at [XT AN ONLINE PROFILEan extraordinary career * linking vowels « a career path — a careers + articles: the or zero article? * An ordinary man 92.14 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss who this person is and what the n of the photo was, Then listen toa conversation about it and check. Read the article and say in what ways Armstrong was an ordinary man and in what ways he was extraordinary ‘the most famous of the astronauts on Apollo 11, has been called the ultimate professional. He was hired to do a job. He did the job and then he went home and kept quiet about it. In 40 years, ihe gave two interviews. But how can the man who first set foot on the Moon, a hero to millions of people, remain such a mystery? People like Armstrong often develop their interests at a young age. He followed a career built on a passion for flying that he developed in his childhood in the 1930s, He learnt to fly before he had graduated from high school in Wapakoneta, Ohio. He then did a course in aerospace engineering at Purdue University in Indiana, ‘sponsored by the United States Navy, which meant that Armstrong was obliged to serve as a naval plot for three years. He saw action almost immediately, flying 78 missions in the war in Korea, He left the Navy in 1952 and two years later got a job with the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory where he flew experimental aircraft. He reached speeds of 6,615 kilometres an hour and altitudes of over 200,000 feet. When he decided to become an astronaut is not clear. Certainly it was not his ambition to be famous. An extremely talented pilot, his aim was simply to push the boundaries of fight. He was selected for a space plane pilot training programme in 1960 but shorty after news began to Circulate that NASA was looking for astronauts for their Apollo programme. Incredibly excited, he applied for the job and in 1962 was accepted. The rest, as they say, is history. When the astronauts returned from the Apollo 11 Moon landing of July 1969, Armstrong was a worldwide celebrity and could have done anything he wanted ~TV shows, public speaking. Instead, he became a teacher at the University of Cincinnati and at the weekend went fying to get away from all the attention. He subsequently worked for two private avionics firms until he retired in 2002. In 40 years he only gave two interviews. Why? Certainly he felt fortunate to have had the chance to fui his dream, but he did not feel any ‘more special than the thousands of people who worked (on the Apollo space programme. He was just the pilot. Read the article again. Answer the questions, 1 Why is Armstrong called ‘the ultimate professional’? 2. Who paid for his university course and what did they get in return? 3. What motivated Armstrong? 4 What do you think is meant by the phrase ‘the rest is, history’? 5 What did Armstrong do to avoid publicity after the Apollo 11 mission? 6 According to Armstrong, who was responsible for the success of the Apollo 11 mission? An ORDINARY man.Vocabulary careers 4 Work in pairs. Find verbs in the article that collocate with each of these nouns. Then identify the different steps in Armstrong's career. 1 to acareer 2 to a school or college 3 to a course 4 to in the navy 5 to an astronaut 6 to afirm 7 to ° ‘ ajob Coenen cones collocation follow a career graduate from a schoollollege For further information and practice, see Workbook page 75. Grammar articles: the or zero article? 5. Look at how the ot zero article are used in the first paragraph of the article, Match the words in bold a Nell Armstrong, (1) the most famous of (2) the astronauts on Apollo 11, has been called the Ultimate professional. He was hired to do a job. He did (3) the job and then he went (4) home ‘and kept quiet about it. In 40 years he gave two interviews. But how can (5) the man who first set. foot on (6) the Moon, a hero to (7) millions of people, remain such a mystery? to talk about an already mentioned thing to talk about something unique before a superlative adjective to talk about a specific thing, or person to talk about specific things or people to talk about things or people in general before certain familiar places (e.g. work, hospital, university, schoo!) 6 Work in pairs. Find one more example of each use in the rest of the article Rete uustad definite article the + singularplural countable nouns, uncountable nouns = specific things zero article | —+ plural countable nouns, uncountable nouns = things | in general | NB We don’t use the with most time expressions or place ‘names, However, there are some special cases For further information and practice, see page 168. ) with the uses of the and the zero article (ag). Unit 9 Talented people Find an example in the article of the following: 1 zero article with: a) acountry b) asubject of study ©) amonth 2. the with: a) acountry b) a professional g-oup ©) a period of time Complete these sentences by inserting the where necessary. 1. While flying for Navy in Korea, Armstrong had to eject into ‘sea when one of wings on his plane was damaged. Armstrong and Aldrin only spent one day on surface of Moon. 3. Armstrong retired from NASA in 1972, but he helped with crash investigations in later years, 4 first investigation was in May 1970 following an explosion on Apollo 13. 5 other investigation involved space shuttle Challenger, which pieces over broke into Atlantic Ocean near Florida. 6 In nineties Armstrong stopped signing autographs, because dealers were selling them for $1,000 a time. 9 Pronunciation linking vowels @ 2.15 Words that end with a vowel and words that begin with a vowel are linked by a ‘hidden’ consonant: 'w/,//, ori. Listen to these phrases and say which sound links the two words. Then practise saying the sertences with your partner 1 the_ultimate professional 2 todo_ajob 3. adisaster_involving 4 ateacher_at the university 5. he_only gave two_interviews another hero_of our time Make three more phrases with either the /w/,/j/ or ‘n/ linking sound. Then compare your phrases with another pair. Speaking 10 Draw a path of your own (or a parent’) career. Begin with your interests as a child. Finish with future ambitions. Ifit is not an obvious linear progression, show how the direction changed. Then explain the path to your partner. > >> PERSONAL QUALITIES. > WOMEN AT WORK > SKILLS, TALENTS AND EXPERIENCE ) OGD > an onune proveores Pr ta Peek ie eterna Pushing ‘thesboundaries Listening 1 2.16 Listen to an interview about the National sraphic Emerging Explorers programme and answer the questions. 1 What is the aim of the programme? How does National Geographic help those selected? What sort of fields do Emerging Explorers work in? 2 62.16 Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false «ep Emerging Explorers are people who are not yet fully established in their careers. As well as money, Emerging Explorers get publicity for their work in the magazine. Emerging Explorers generally have a scientific background. Storytellers are explorers who record traditional stories from different cultures. Alexandra Cousteau's father filmed other Emerging Explorers. Alexandra is interested in how new technology can help to spread the environmental message Grammar relative clauses 3 Work in pairs. Look at the relative clauses in bold from the interview (a-e). Then discuss the questions (1-4) Each year between eight and fifteen explorers, whose work is really outstanding, are selected Emerging Explorers are generally people who are at an early stage of their careers. National Geographic awards each one of them USS10,000, which is intended to go towards further research, The magazine is a place where other interested people can read about their work. There are all these people doing important work out there in the various fields that I have described, In which sentence is the relative pronoun the subject of the relative clause? In which sentences does the relative clause explain who or what is being talked about? In which sentences does the relative clause give extra information and how does the punctuation help you know this? In which sentence could the relative pronoun be omitted? J > nevarive causes | Relative pronouns: who (that), which (that), where, | | whose ! | subject: shes the woman wo wan the award. | Object: Thats the award whichthe the women | Of Thats Heer esiren er Defining relative couse Thisclause contains een information for identifiaton. She's the woman who won an award for her | photography. Non-defining relative clause This dats contains extra information, separated by one or two commas. Har uaband who isa» photographer accompanied heron the tp. | that or zero pronoun | The article (that) read about her was very interesting For further information and practice, se page 169, Look at the grammar box. Then complete these sentences about Emerging Explorer Alexandra Cousteau by inserting the correct relative pronoun and any commas that are missing. 1 Alexandra Cousteau isa conservationist believes water will be the ‘most important issue of the 21st century ¢ Alexandra Cousteau father was an oceanographer is a great advocate for environmental protection. 3. Cousteau says that the environmental movement uses communication tools, are old-fashioned 4 She is currently planning an expedition aim is to research different water ecosystems around the world. | 5. She is currently working on a book she hopes will teach people how to live on a ‘Water Planet 6 The problem she says was created by people is a problem people can only solve by working together.| reduced relative clauses Complete the profiles of other Emerging, . Explorers below by inserting the missing An altemative toa relative clause i a reduced information asa reduced relative clause where relative clause. Look atthe participles in bold in these possible and if nots a relative clause serene frm th toning passage: Which ate active She hasbeen called the ei Lara rot by the New York ines 1 Wehave so many differen types of explore, She cycled a distance of 700 miles. chosen from diverse fields. They threatenec to harm her 2. There are all these people doing important work He is fascinated by the traly big questions out there in the various field, He plays musicto take his mind off 3. That's the sill ofthe storytellers, communicating problems important facts about the planet. 6 He spends his ime diving into water caves 4. She works asa conservationist, trying to persuade deep under the ground people to protect resources like water 7 The caves have been undisturbed for 35 Alexanda Cousteau, inspired by her father’s million years. success asa storyteller, is researching ways in 8 Knowledge is provided by these dark and Work in pairs. Circe the eight adjectives inthe profiles that describe people's strengths and Present prtipe alts ery Which of these people would ist like She works in Oxford, where she's researching biology. (ative) hich of these people would you most like to se Past partie meet? Tel your parner frat | tesa subject whichis researched by only afew people. | (passive) a eee ae aE Think of someone you admire for the work Eee pal ae they do. Write a short description of their achievements and qualities. In groups read Lok atthe grammar box. Then rewrite the reduced pecan irk gee ia Sala, stephon Alexander's Kenny road isan a theoretical yt fount elo doesn’t want to tell A ke ad A te tres you wad spac ond These ensor have already heard, FQ | timebegin? isan blueholes, Independent and | | ins tease taveled cos Papua Zhi ancl and flelieresing New Guineson foot and Alaska ona patent butaio caring andarisktake, | sceiicevdence about the way fe 4 Dyce Wisneteasy | because tanowe such questions snow planet served Te cvs traveling sone sasngle worn Youtavetomake guesesOtenyou | areala important reser of fresh "I in remote and dangerous regions. In. can be completely wrong. But when water An articulate and passionate Mozambique se eaped soe youre athe says the felngs speae Broad promotes the ea that Bathe doesnt Xraang. the wean be meray very || by working togethe, cents rom regetauchopetencesbecauseshe fring bt Alranderl qt an ety fee backgrounds can bene om Saptheyhovehepedterdscoverber — gcing type He abo oazzmusian, | thenowedge" erat. FEUENGN a concen rar WOMEN ATWORK > SKIS TALENTS AND EXPERIENCE [EGG > an onune provereading a pharaoh like no other * critical thinking weighing the evidence * word focus long © speaking women at work 9c The king herself Reading 1. Work in pairs. Look at the title of the article, What is strange about the words king and herself together? Read the article and put these events about Hatshepsut's life in the correct chronological order. a Her mummy was discovered in a minor tomb. b_ The monuments she built were destroyed. Thutmose III became pharaoh. She ruled Egypt as king for 21 years. Her mummy was identified and put in the Royal Mummy rooms. She married Thutmose Il. She was born, the eldest daughter of ‘Thutmose I and Queen Ahmos What were the different roles that Hatshepsut fulfilled (e.g. pharaoh)? Choose the correct option (a-c) to complete the sentences. 1 Hatshepsut’s mummy was not identified at first because it a was badly damaged. b_ was not in a royal tomb. € had another name with it. Hatshepsut was very worried that people would a. realise she was a woman. b_ not think she was royalty not remember hei ‘Thutmose III did not want people to know that Hatshepsut had been: a king, b queen. related to him, Thutmose Il’s children consisted of a one son and one daughter. b_ oneson, © one daughter. According to tradition, the queen regent was supposed to: a make offerings to the gods. b_ help until the king was ready. © bea politician. In later statues and images, Hatshepsut appears male from: a_ her body shape. b_ the way she stands her clothes. Critical thinking weighing the evidence 5 Find evidence that supports each sentence (1-6). If the sentence is definitely true, write 100%. If there is no evidence, write 0%. Put percentages in between if t is not clear. 1 When Hatshepsut’s sarcophagus was first found in 1903, it was empty. ‘The mummy called KV60a was Hatshepsut’s body. Hatshepsut wanted to produce a male heir, but failed. Hatshepsut had a greater claim to become pharaoh than Thutmose IIL Hatshepsut knew she had broken with tradition and wanted her subjects’ approval. ‘The king in waiting, Thutmose IIL, was angry that Hatshepsut had assumed the role of king, Work in pairs. Compare your scores and the evidence you found Word focus long 7 Find these six phrases (1-6 in the article with the word long and match each one to its definition (af) at long last a soon as long as over a long period of time long for © after much wait long after d_ provided that before long, much, much later inthelongterm desire very much ‘Complete the sentences using phrases with long, Hatshepsut clearly people to remember her. The grand monuments she built ensured she would be remembered people believed she had a divine right to be pharaoh, Hatshepsut felt safe. Hatshepsut died in 1458 BC Thutmose Ill had destroyed most references to her as king. No one understood the story of Hatshepsut until experts in hieroglyphs uncovered the truth. ‘Thutmose Ill ruled for another 34 years, Hatshepsut had died. Speaking 9 Work in small groups. Say who you would expect to find doing these jobs: mostly men, mostly women, or an equal number of men and women. Give reasons. cleaner company director doctor florist IT technician lawyer machine operator nurse plumber pprime minister secretary senior civil servant teacher 10 Look at the UK statisties on page 154, Which job in Exercise 9 fits in which category? Compare and discuss your answers.“Today she isin the Royal Mummy Rooms at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, reunited at long last with her family of fellow pharaohs, with a sign saying she is Hatshepsut, the king herself (1473-1458 BC). But in 1903, when the archaeologist Howard Carter found Hatshepsut’s sarcophagus in the Valley of the Kings, it was empty. Had her mummy been stolen or destroyed? The truth only came out a century later when Egyptian Positively identified a called KV60a, than a century earlier in a minor tomb, as that of Hatshepsut. None of the treasures normally found with pharaohs’ mummies were with it It was not even in a coffin For Hatshepsut, a pharaoh who did not fear death as long as she was remembered, the irony is great. As one of the greatest builders in one of the g ptian dynasties, she raised numerous temples and shrines. She commissioned hundreds of statues of herself and left accounts in stone of her titles, her history, even her hopes and fears. Inscribed on an obelisk at Karnak are the words: ‘Now my heart turns this way and that, as [think what the people will say. Those who see my monuments in years to come, and who shall speak of what I have done: scientists mummy discovered more est E But following her death, her successor and. stepson ‘Thutmose III set about erasing her memory, ordering all mages of her as king to be removed from monuments and temples. At Deir el Bahri atthe temple designed to be the centre of Hats and thrown into a pit. Images of her as queen were left undisturbed, but wherever she proclaimed herself king, the destruction was careful and precise. Why? epsut’s cult, her statues were smashed Hatshepsut was the eldest daughter of Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose, But Thutmose also had a son by another queen, and this son, Thutmose Il, became pharaoh when his father died. As was common among Egyptian royalty, Thutmose II married his sister, Hatshepsut. They produced one daughter; another, less important wie Isis, gave Thutmose Il the male heir that he longed for Hatshepsut was unable to provide. 4 THis PELL ee Po ee Pees Peat Unit 9 Herself When Thutmose II died not long after from heart disease, his heir, Thutmose III, was still a young boy. As was the custom, Hatshepsut assumed control as the young pharaohs queen regent. And so began one of the most intriguing periods of ancient Egyptian history. At first, Hatshepsut acted on her stepscn's behalf, respecting the convention that the queen should handle political affairs while the young king learnt the ropes. But before long, she began performing ingly functions, like making offerings to the gods. After a few years she assumed the role of ‘king’ of Egypt, supreme power in the land. Her stepson was relegated to second. in-command and ‘the king herself” proceeded to rule for an amazing 21 years. What caused Hatshepsut to break so radically with the traditional role of queen regent? A social or military crisis? A desire for power? A belief that she had the same right to rule as a man? No one really knows. Maybe she felt, asa direct descendant othe pharoah Thutmose I, she had a greater claim to the divine line of pharaohs than Thutmose IIL. At first she made no secret of her sex ~ in images her body is unmistakably a woman's ~ but later she is depicted as a male king, with headdress and beard, standing imposingly with legs apart Her hieroglyph inscriptions have frequent references to ‘my people’ which suggest that she knew she had broken with tradition and wanted her subjects’ approval Whatever their opinion was, there is no doubting the frustration of the king in waiting, Thutmose IML. After Hapshepsut’s death, he took his revenge, wiping his stepmother’s reign as pharaoh out of history. But in the long term it is she, the King Herself, who has achieved ‘greater fame. coffin (n) kof’ a box in which a dead body is place to be buried commission (v) /ka'mifito order and pay for something to be made divine (ad) /de'vain’ related to god heir (n) fea successor may Pen ectedreal life describing skills, talents and experience * pronunciation difficult words 9d Right for the job Real life describing skills, talents and experience 1 Read the description of Shelterbox. What kind of ‘organisation is it and what service do they offer? 2 2.17 Listen to someone being interviewed for a job at Shelterbox. Answer the questions. 1. What aspect of their work is the candidate interested in? 2 What is the interviewer concerned about? 3-12.17 Look at these phrases from the interview describing the candidate's suitability for a job. Note the prepositions used in each case. Then listen to the interview again and complete each one Premed ''m familia with your work because | have a friend who rm very keen on the idea of | specialised in? I think | would be suited to * rm good at coping with > Ihave quite alot of experience of * rm quite good with ” {1m comfortable with all ® ''m serious about wanting to * | need to become more knowledgeable about 4 Work in pairs. Discuss if the candidate did a good job of selling himself tothe interviewer? Shelterbox isa charty which sends boxes of essential items needed in an emergency ~a tent, tools, cooking utensils, a water Purification kt -to places, where disasters, such as earthquakes and floods, have struck. Boxes are prepared in the USA and delivered immediately by Shelterbox employees to anywhere in the world where they wll help to save ives. 5 Pronunciation difficult words @ 492.18 The spelling of a word in English is not always a clear indication of its pronunciation. How confident are you that you can pronounce these words from the interview? For very confident put a (v), quite confident put a (2) and unconfident put a (x). Then listen and check. although business comfortable environment foreign knowledgeable months specialised suited world 42.19 Listen o eight more words and try to spell them, Work in pairs. Student A: choose one of the jobs below that interests you and think about the skills, talents and experience you have that would help you do it. Try to convince Student B why this would be a ‘good job for you, Student B: ask Student A questions. Then swap roles. a travel guide for a tour operator taking groups on walking holidays in Italy © asales assistant in a children’s bookshop a fund-raiser for a charity that helps the homeless ‘* anassistant to a cameraman who makes films about plants and wildlife GEUATENA > A cAREER PATH > PERSONAL QUALITIES > WOMEN AT WORK > EIUNESTNETO MISTING EGGHES > AN onuine Proritewriting an online profile * writing skill writing in note form Unit 9 Talented people 9e Professional networking Writing an online profile 1. Do you use any professional networking sites (e.g. Biznik, LinkedIn, Ecademy, Xing)? Why? / Why not? 2_ Read the profile and summarise in no more than nine words what this person's main skills and qualities are. How effective was his profile in putting across the key points? 3. Read the tips on how to write a profile on a professional networking sit. Puta tick (v) next to each tip that has been followed, a cross (x) next to those which have not and a question mark (?) if the tip has only been partly followed. Tips 1 Include a personal photo and recommendations from others to show you really exist! 2. Give a heading and summary so. ‘that readers can get the main idea quickly. 3. Include your current status Le. what you're doing now. 4: List all the places you have worked Cr studied at - someone from the same organisation or school may be looking at your profile! 5 Job titles may mean nothing to others so always describe what you did in each job. 4 Writing skill writing in note form @ Look at these four extracts from the profile. Which are proper sentences? Which are written in note or shortened form? Why is this? 1 responsible for new products 2. Learning is my passion. 3. published Learning in the 21st Century 4 Developing innovative e-learning programme for the car industry Insert the necessary words (pronouns, articles, auiliary verbs) to show what the extracts in note form would look like as full sentences. Profile Barton McCready Managing Director of Evercready Learning Location: York, UK Industry: Online learning Currents. Developing innovative edeamning progranme ul forthe car industiy Past Head of development, Faheys Educational - responsible for new products Commissioning Editor, York Books ~ published Learning in the 21st Century Director of Business Studies, Carston University Education: Cardiff University Summary Learning is my passion. | spedalise in the design and management of online learning programmes for industry, but | am also a writer, editor, blogger, educator and business consultant. My work has brought me into contact with many companies and | am now skilled at identifying and responding to the learning needs of any business sector, from cosmetics to car-making. If this experience has taught me one thing, it’s that learning is the key to improvement for all of us © Convert these statements from other profiles into a shorter, more concise form by deleting the unnecessary words. 1. [worked as a personal assistant to the Marketing Director. 2 Tam currently writing an article for National Geographic magazine, 3. Iwas in charge of organising corporate social events. took the official photos for :he National Basketball Championships. Tam working for various charities. Iwas employed by a local ccllege to raise money for them. 5 Write your own short professional profil, similar to the one in Exercise 2. Think about the message you would most like the reader to be left with. When you have finished exchange profiles with another member of the class. Read the profile conce quickly and tell each other what your main impres 6 Read your partner's profile again. Check the following points: Has the profile been laid out correctly? Have the tips in Exercise 3 been followed? ‘+ Has note form been used in places to make the profile GIUETT > A CAREER PATH > PERSONAL QUALITIES > WOMEN AT WORK > SKILLS, TALENTS AND EXPERIENCE ind > EeBefore you watch 11 Work in pairs. Make notes about what you know about Cleopatra. + who she was + when and where she ruled + important events in her life 2 You are going to watch a video about the story of Cleopatra. Write down three kinds of image you think you might see which help to tell this story. While you watch ‘3. Watch the video and check your ideas from Exercises 1 and 2 4 Watch the video again and answer the questions. 1 Why was Cleopatra forced from power by her brother? 2. How did she first meet Julius Caesar? 3 How did Cleopatra’s relationship with Caesar help her? 4 Why did Octavian go to war with Antony and Cleopatra? 5. Inwhat battle, and which year, was Mark Antony beaten? 6 How did Mark Antony die? 7 How did Cleopatra die? 5. Match the sentence beginnings (1-7) with the endings (a-g). Then watch the video again to check, 1. Julius Caesar arrived in Alexandria 2. Cleopatra's relationship with Caesar kept Rome After Caesar’s murder Cleopatra and Antony shared Mark Antony's Roman rival, Octavian Cleopatra spread numerous Antony's followers carried him to Cleopatra from taking direct control of Egypt. false rumours of her death. where he died in her arms. in pursuit of a rival Roman general. her position ... became uncertain. went to war against them. a hunger for power. b d e f 8 Unit 9 Talented people After you watch 6 Roleplay first meeting with Caesar Work in pai Student A: Imagine you are Cleopatra. You arrive in Caesar’s court hidden inside a rug. You need to charm Caesar so that he will help you become queen again. Read the information below and make notes. Student B: Imagine you are Caesar. Cleopatra arrives in your court hidden inside a rug. Read the information below and make notes. ‘+ how you feel (surprised, excited, curious, ete) ‘+ what you want from the other person * how you can help the other person ‘+ what you decide to do Act out your meeting, then change roles and act ‘out the meeting again. 7 Attthe end of the video, the narrator says: ‘Cleopatra lives on in history through her personal story of love and tragedy.’ Why do you think her story has lasted for so long? Do you think her story teaches us anything aout love and power today? 8 Workin groups and discuss these questions. 1 Do you think Cleopatra was an admirable woman? Why? / Why not? 2. Are there any similar characters in the history of your country? 3. Would you like tohave lived in Cleopatra's time? Why? / Why not? ‘charmed (ad) /tfazmi fascinated by ‘controversy (n)kontrovssi disagreement about something ‘court (n) kit the place where a ruler lives and works distort () /dis't2:t/ change something from its normal shape dynasty (n)/dinastil a family that rules a country for several ‘generations ‘tief (r) frist great sadness infuriate(v /m'fjrient/ make very angry ‘overjoyed (ad) avvasoud/ extremely happy ‘Pursuit (n) /pa'sjut/ the act of chasing someone or ‘something ‘val (n)rarval/ a person or group that competes with ‘another +g (0) rag! a small carpet seize (sce take by force116 REVIEW ‘Complete this text about Emerging Explorer, Constance Adams, with the where necessary. Constance Adams has had an unusual career path. She studied ' architecture at? before working as an architect in? Berlin and “ Japan. She then joined * Johnson Space entre in® USA, where she helped design TransHab, a module for” International Space Station. The idea of © __ module was created to provide ® living quarters for astronauts during their stay in" space. In 2005 she became a National Geographic Emerging Explorer. Yale University Complete the text with relative pronouns in 1-5 and present and past participles in 6-10, ‘Adams explains that the TransHab module was intended to be a habitat for a crew of six astronauts, ' mmission was to reach Mars. The team had to design a module?__ would be only 4.3 metres in diameter when it was launched. But once in space, it needed to be three times that size to house the six astronauts*___ lived there. So they made a structure‘ could inflate and unfold in space to become a three-level ‘house’ __ astronauts could eat, sleep and work. ‘The outer shell of the module, *__ (compose) of over twenty layers of different materials, had to resist the space debris’ (hit) the spaceship all the time. This debris can hit the spaceship seven times faster than a bullet, * __ (cause) great damage. The outer layers were made of a kind of foam? (ase) in chairs and cushions. The inner shell was made of Kevlar, a material ® ___ (wear) by soldiers and police for body protection. Work in pairs. Discuss what was special about the size and shape of the module, and the material used. 1CAN se the and zero article se relative causes and reduced relative clauses Complete the sentences with these nouns and the correct form of the verbs. background become do do experience follow graduate knowledge qualification quality serve skills 1 My main academic that got when I from Sussex University. 2 Thavealot of __ of organising things. 1 in the army for four years. 3. [think my main is that I'm very isa physics degree conscientious. I make sure I every job properly. 4. Thave good computer 1 course in advanced computing last year. 5 My —both my parents are scientists ~ meant scientific research was a natural career for me to 6 My of astrophysics helped me to a space scientist ‘Work in pairs. Use the nouns and verbs to describe your own skills and experience. TaN talk about my experience, skills and qualifications describe my career path Put the correct preposition into each space. 1 I'm familiar most kinds of design software. 2 [specialised ‘mechanical engineering, 3. [think Iam well suited working abroad. 4 I'm good people. 5. I'm good persuading people. 6 I'mserious following a career in the automotive industry 7 I'mnot so keen sitting down all day. 8 Lam quite knowledgeable ‘mechanics. Work in pairs. Tell each other about a job that would be right for you and one that wouldn't. tan describe what kind of work | am suited to Work in small groups. Describe the work of someone you admire. Include these points: + a description of their qualities and talents * what they have achieved4 Customs and behaviour Ree Keg Peer ane FEATURES Cruel to be kind The tiger mother approach to raising children A matter of taste The strange eating customs of the Nochmani A universal language Understanding body language Eating insects A video about Americans Work in pairs. Look at the photo. What is it about the behaviour of the younger tourists that surprises the older pair? Look at the quotation below. Discuss what you think it means. Manners maketh nif 4 2.20 Listen to an anthropologis’s explanation and compare 1 Whatis the narrow view of good manners, according to the speaker? 2. What is the real meaning of the quotation and its relation to society? 2.20 Complete these phrases about manners. Then listen again and check. Discuss whether you think these things are important to teach children, with an unusual taste fr a peor aera 2 Don't ‘when grown-ups are speaking, ae 3 Don't or at people. 4 Dont or sum 5. Don’t wear clothes that are or 6 Be polite, E and show to others [DIELS TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR FOOD AND EATING HABITS CUSTOMSIN YOUR COUNTRY WEDDING TRADITIONS Ai [AN INFORMAL EMaitreading tiger mothers + vocabulary raisi speaking typical behaviour ig children: verbs + grammar habitual actions: present tenses, will « 10a Cruel to be kind Reading 1. Work in pairs. Look at the photo and answer the questions, 1 What is happening in the photo? 2 strict, intense, something else? 3 you were young? Are you happy that they ‘were this way or not? Work in small groups. Discuss which of these things you think should be a) controlled strongly by parents; b) controlled a little by parents; or: left to the child to decide? watching TV playing computer games practising a musical instrument ‘going out to play with friends doing homework choosing what subjects to study at high school choosing extracurricular activities, au Is there aright way to bring up children? Some parents read guides to find an answer, many just follow their instinct. Whatever they do, a doubt always remains: could | have done a better job? ‘Arecent contribution to the subject is Amy Chua's controversial book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, ‘Which describes the approach to chikd-rearing of {an ambitious Chinese parent living in the west. According to Chua, western mothers are far too soft ‘on their children. She says they are always praising their children for every effort they make, even if the result is coming last in a race or playing a piano Piece badly, These are the kind of parents who will Give in to their children's demands to go out and play rather than do their homework, if they protest loud enough ‘The tiger mother method is very different and the key is total control. Tiger mothers will accept nothing less than ‘A’ grades in every subject ~ failure to achieve these is just proof that they have not ‘worked hard enough. They will encourage not with praise and reward, but by punishing and shaming, Chua told her own daughter that she would take her dolls house to a charity shop if she failed to ‘master a difficult piano piece. She even rejected a homemade birthday card from her daughter Sophia bbecause she had drawn it in a hurry. How would you describe the mother’s attitude: 3 Read the article and find out who tiger mothers are. What are their attitudes to the first five items in Exercise 2? How do these compare to the attitudes of a typical western mother? 4. What does the writer say about the results of the tiger mother approach to child-rearing? Does she approve or not? Do you agree with her? How strict were your parents with you when Vocabulary raising children: verbs 5. Work in pairs. Look at the pairs of verbs below and discuss the difference between them. You will find the first verb in each pair in the article. ° bring up and educate children praise and reward good behaviour rebel against and disobey your parents push and discipline yourself _give in to and spoil your children nag and pester someone shame and punish someone 1 A 3 4 5 6 7 () Bie But that highlights another difference, says Chua, which is directness and honesty. A tiger mother will nt hesitate to tell their child that they ae lazy, whereas western parents are always teling their children not to worry, that they will do better next time, even they think they have been lay. ‘The constant nagging of the tiger mother, the banning of TV and computer games seems harsh, but pethaps it works. Chuas children have not rebelled, and they don't resent thei strict upbringing. They regularly get the top ‘grades at school and are proficient at violin and piano = stereotypical symbols of success, rites would say. By contrast, children with more freedom and more laid-back parents will often lack self- discipline and wil fail to push themselves to achieve more.Unit 10 Customs and behaviour Grammar habitual actions: present tenses, will PRESENT SIMPLE, PRESENT CONTINUOUS and WILL eee Present simple ‘Some parents read guides to find an answer. Present continuous with always She says they are always praising their children for every effort they make, will These are the kind of parents who will give into their children’s demands. For further information and practice, see page 169, 6 Work in pairs. Look at the sentences from the article in the grammar box. Which tense is used to describe 1 typical behaviour? 2. a habit which the speaker finds annoying? 3a simple fact or general truth? 7 Find and underline: 1 an example of tiger mothers’ typical behaviour; an example of typical behaviour of western mothers’ children, 2 a simple fact about parents and a simple fact about Chua's children. 3. another thing Chua finds annoying about western mothers. 8 Complete these comments by parents and children by underlining the correct verb forms. Sometimes there is more than one possibility. Then discuss which ones you sympathise with and which you don’t 1. My parents will always tell /are aktoays telling me to practise the piano and it just makes me feel it's a chore not a pleasure. 2. Inmy experience, children will do /do as little work as they can. So you have to make them do it. 3. Children will want / RE > ANINFORMAL EMAIL > FOOD AND EATING HABITS > CUSTOMS IN YOUR COUNTRY > WEDDING TRADITIONS120 Peon, What is the strangest thing you have ever eaten? Why did you eat it? What di it taste like? % Listen to an extract from a radio programme about a tribe with an unusual diet. Answer the questions. 1. Where is this tribe from? 2 What do they eat mostly? 3. How do they make sure there is enough of this food? 4 2.22 Listen again and choose the correct word or phrase to complete the statements 1 We ve in an age where people are very what they eat. a nervous about —b aware of careless about 2 Most people need in order to live. a. red meat b animals mammals 3. Inthe past it was thought that the Nicobar Islands contained a noinhabitants —_b_ no fresh water few animals 4 The Nochmani didn’t want to eat a sweets and cakes b meat ¢ any of the food they were offered 5 Insects have a lot of in them, a carbohydrate —-b- vitamins © protein 6. The speaker thinks we could all benefit from eating, a less meat b_ more insects alternative types of food What do you think of the diet of the Nochmani? Do you think what we eat is just a matter of habit? Why? / Why not? Can we learn to eat anything if We have to? Or are there some things you could never eat? be used to and get used to * used to, usually, be used to and get used to Look at these sentences from the extract (1-5). Match each verb form in bold to the meaning (a-e) 1 We didn’t use to think so much about what weate People usually need mammals in order to live. The Nochmani were not used to eating meat. If you are used to a certain type of food, other types may be completely indigestible. 5 If more of us could get used to eating unconventional foods, a refers to something that was strange or abnormal for someone b refers to something that happens regularly or is generally the case refers to learning to cope with something difficult or unfamiliar refers to what someone did regularly in the past, but doesn’t do anymore refers to something that is normal and not strange ra eee) Caged Past habits used to + infinitive used to eat | ididn’e use to eat. Did you use to eat? Present habits (not) usually + present simple usually eat don’t usually eat Do you usually eat? Familiar (and Habits that are becoming unfamiliar) habits familiar beused to+nounor get used to + noun or ~ing Jing form form am used to (eating) am getting used to (eating) Italian food. English food. Jam not used to am not getting used to Are you used to Are you getting used to For further information and practice, see page 170.6 Look at the grammar box and then choose the right form to complete sentences 1-9 in A, B and C. Note that we use be used fo and get used to for things that are not strange or difficult to do. BB in china, people "do not usually finish J used ‘not to finish everything on their plate, because it isa sign that they have not had enough to eat. Visitors from the west find it difficult to *be Used to / get used to this, because they *usually eat /are used t0 eating everything up to show ‘that they like it. When a Chinese host sees their empty plates, he “usually assumes /is used to ‘assuming that they want more. Ei ritty years ago, people in the USA got *used to sitting / used to sit down for meals with their families each evening. Families nowadays * usually eat /are used to eating together only three times a week, because busy lives and TV ‘get in the way. But it is believed that if more families could be ?used to dining / get used to dining together, it would strengthen family relationships. Eating a traditional English breakfast of eggs, bacon and sausages *used to be / was used to being a common thing in the UK. A big breakfast was important because people "didn’t Use to eat / weren't used to eating so many snacks during the day. Put the verb in the most appropriate form to complete these sentences, 1 We (cat) out a lot, but restaurants are so expensive these days that we don’t ome (have) a tuna and mayonnaise sandwich for my lunch, 31 (take) sugar in my coffee, but now [have a sweetener. It took a litle while to the taste, but now I cant tell the difference, 4 When I was staying with my friends in England, we ate at six o'clock in the evening, It was strange, because I (eat) much later. Are any of the sentences in Exercise 7 true for you? Do you have similar experiences? Unit 10 Customs and behaviour 9 Pronunciation /u:/ and /ju:/ @ 2.23 In the words in bold the letter u is pronounced /ju/. Listen to the sentences and repeat. 1 Tusually eat a big breakfast 2. Did you use to eat a big breakfast? 3. I’mnot used to eating a lot of meat. bb Work in pairs. Practise saying the other words with the same sound. consume cucumber future human nutritious opportunity produce tuna useful € 42.24 In these words there is no /j/ sound before the /u:/ sound. Practise saying them. Then listen and check. Which sounds does /u:/ follow in these words? fruit. juice June rule true Vocabulary and speaking 10 Work in pairs. Place these four items of food into W the correct category (a). Think of two more items for each category. Then compare your list with another pair breakfast cereal yoghurt chocolate bars rice a dairy products e.g. milk b_ processed food e.g. frozen peas € staple foods eg potatoes d_ snacks eg. crisps ‘Complete these sentences by putting in information about eating habits in your country. Go around the class and exchange your information with at least three other people. Then work with your partner. Tell each other the two most memorable statements you heard. 1 When I was growing up, alot of families used to 2. The main staple food is cating For breakfast, people usually [think visitors find some of our eating customs strange, because they are not used to 4 People in my country don’t usually eat 5 [think young people find it difficult to get used to People aren’t used to GCIUENEI > rvPIcaL eeHaviour > > CUSTOMS IN YOUR COUNTRY > WEDDING TRADTIONS > AN INFORMAL EMAILreading body language « critical thinking sources * word focus common * speaking customs in your country 10c A universal language Reading 1 Work in pairs. Put the actions in the box into the correct category of body language. Then demonstrate the actions to each other. What is the ‘meaning of each? handshake standing with arms biting your bottom lip crossed sitting back in your chair waving smiling posture: gesture: facial expression: 2 Read the article about body language and say hich of the sentences best summarises the author's view. a Weneed to learn how people from different cultures use body language. b The differences in body language between cultures are small but important. There are more similarities than differences in body language between cultures. 3 According to the writer 1 Making comparisons between cultures can be: a fun. b useful. ¢ dangerous. 2. Standing too close to someone of another culture can: a cause arguments. b cause discomfort. © beaserious insult 3. Alot of the facts given in guides for travellers are: avery important. b not of much practical help. ¢ wrong. 4 Looking away from the speaker isa sign of: a sadness. b boredom. € both boredom and sadness. 5 Toavoid making mistakes in body language with other cultures, people need to be: a sensible. b sensitive. c both. 6 Differences in body language between people start at: aan individual level. b acultural level. ¢ anemotional level. 4 With your partner, demonstrate to each other: + the two gestures described in paragraph 3 + the two greetings mentioned in paragraph 4 + the body language associated with boredom and anger described in paragraph 5 5 Do you agree with the writer's view about cross-cultural communication? Is your culture one that generally shows its emotions or not? Critical thinking sources The article gives a lot of information about body language and customs. But how do we know how reliable this information is? Underline the examples of different cultures’ body language and customs in the article Work in pairs. Find the author's source for each example. Mark the source according to this scale: 3 = very credible source; 2 = quite credible source; 1 = incredible source and 0 = no source. Word focus common ‘The word common has two basic meanings Look at these expressions from the article and match the meanings (1-2) with the sentences (a-d). common (ad) 1. something usual or normal 2. something that is shared by two or more people a. It is quite common in European countries to sit with your legs crossed b_ The things that we all have in common © There are also common factors when people are bored, dL we all just apply a little se sitivity and Now do the same for these expressions. € Ina negotiation, always try to find common ground between you and the other party. £ Itisa common misconception that English people drink only tea, not coffee. Don’t worry about mispronouncing my name — it’s a common mistake that everyone makes. h It’s common knowledge that Chinese people use chopsticks, not knives and forks. Speaking 10 ‘Work in pairs. Describe the following customs in your country. Then compare your answers with another pair. How similar were they? ‘The most common form of greeting ‘Common gestures that visitors are not used to ‘Common eating customs ‘Common misconceptions foreigners have about your countryDt ner Aerie People love to compare and contrast. In most parts of England, you buy your bus ticket on the bus. In France, you buy it at a metro station. In Australia, you can buy it from a newsagent, We all find this kind of comparison entertaining. Books on cross-cultural communication exploit our curiosity by focussing on differences between people across the world in social behaviour, the roles they adopt in society, their attitudes to money, the significance of their body language, et Proxemics, the study of different standards of personal space, is one example. How close I stand to someone when am speaking to them depends not only on my relationship to them, but also on my culture, This is important because ifthe person I am with is not used to standing as near as I do when we are talking to each other, they might feel uncomfortable. Stat average distance at which two people stand in a social context ~ neighbours chatting for example ~ is anything between 1.2 metres and 3.5 metres. In Latin cultures (South America, Italy, ete) and also in China this dista tends to be smaller, while in Nordic cultures (Sweden, Denmark, etc.) people usually stand further apart. cs tell us that the The messages sent by your posture and gestures is another case in point. For example, itis quite common in European countries to sit with your legs crossed and the top foot outstretched. But, as I know from personal experience, people in Arab countries hardly ever sit in this way ~ because they might show you the bottom of their shoe, which is a serious insult. It is said that in the Philippines, people often greet each other by raising their eyebrows quickly. In the USA, this is a sign of surprise. Such information fills the pages of guides for travellers and international business people, But I would really question the usefulness of what are presented as ‘essential’ or ‘must know’ facts. Clearly itis important to know alittle about eating customs, tipping and the rules concerning basic greetings - whether you should bow or shake someone's hand. But beneath the surface, we are not so different. There are many signs that are univ in the emotions that they communicate. Focussing on these similarities - the things that we all have in common - isa much more profitable route than focussing on the differences. Smiling is the best known of these, but not the only one. Behaviourists have proven that all over the world, people show sadness in a similar way. The face ‘alls: the mouth becomes downturned and the eyes begin to look glassy. The person will probably look down or away and seem distracted. There are also common factors when people are bored. They will look at other things in a distracted way - their watches, for example, Theit feet will begin to move restlessly indicating that they want to escape; they tap their fingers or scratch their heads. Anger can also be read quite easily: the facial muscles tense up, often causing people to frown; the eyes stare, fixing themselves on the target of their anger; blood rushes to the face causing it to become red. Ifthe anger is great, the body will also tense up as if preparing itself for a physical fight. Understanding these universal signals and reacting appropriately isthe real key to cross-cultural communication. If we all apply just a litle sensitivity and common sense, it is unlikely that we will cause lasting offence by making the wrong gesture or invading a stranger’ personal space. Of course some cultures show their emotions more openly and others prefer to keep them more hidden. But isnt that also the case within cultures, from one individual to another? frown (y) raun/ to lower your eyebrows, causing lines to ‘appear on your forehead scratch (¥) skref/t0 move your fingernails backwards and forwards across your skin stare (v /stea to look intensely and for along time at something tap () ftp! to hit something lightly witha finger or hand cnt ence cnn Peron C-)vocabulary weddings * real life describing traditions * pronunciation the letters * speaking wedding traditions 10d A pre-wedding ritual Vocabulary weddings 6 2.27 Retell the events to each other using the linking words in the box to help you. Then 1 What pre-wedding customs or events are traditional listen again and compare your version to what for the bride-to-be in your country? you heat 2. Work in pairs. Look at the words related to weddings Aare ne a and answer the questions @ % 2.28 Listen to these words and for each one say if the letters is pronounced /s/ or //. Note the spellings that produce each sound. bride groom hen night stagnight veil Which word means. pre-wedding party for the man? And for the woman? custom dress friends music suppose Which word means the woman on her wedding ate hs cites day? And the man on his? Which word means a piece of fine cloth that covers eet € 2.29 Work in pars. Say how s willbe pronounced in the following words. Listen Se and check. Think of three more words for each sound. Then compare words with another pair. ‘Some words have a natural ‘partner’ or make a matching pai. PS sche é & Bille i Oreea sete a across eastern lose place rings single spends surprise Real life describing traditions Speaking 3 2.25 Listen to the first part of a description of a 'B What special events or customs take place traditional pre-wedaing henna night in eastern Turkey. before or after a wedding in your country? Who attends the event and how is it celebrated? Choose one and prepare a description using 4. Complete the first four phrases in the box below by haba tele you mink shout writing in the details of the henna night © the timing of the event + the sequence of the events Pena eeened "Te takes place 2 iemarks the | sttisan occasion for “Itsymbolises the its significance any special symbols used Working in small groups, describe these customs to each other. When each person has finished their description, ask them questions, | tts traditional / customary for this to be done by | Wrically /As a rule / Usually the women from Describing the sequence of events ‘The ceremony begins with the Then, ../After that, .../ Next, ../ Final While this is happening / During this part, the guests ‘After / Once the bride's head has been (On the morning of the wedding, 2 4 2.26 Listen to the second part. Put the stages of the ceremony in the correct order by numbering each item A child presents the hennaed coin to the groom. The bride’s head is covered with a red veil The guests sing separation songs. ‘The bride's hands and feet are decorated with henna. A gold coin is put into the remaining henna. The henna is prepared by the daughter of another couple TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR > FOOD AND EATING HABITS > CUSTOMS IN YOUR COUNTRY > STEERITERTTND > AN INFORMAL EMAILat eo eminence had jriting an informal email Imagine you are about to go on a business trip to country you haven't visited before. What would ‘you want to know about the customs there before you travelled? Read the first email. What is Paul asking for? What is he worried about? Read Dominic’s reply. Which pieces of advice should calm Paul's worries? Hi Dominic Good to see you brielly the other day. Forgot to tell you. 'm going out to China next week. Just wondered ‘what to expect. | know you have experience of doing business there. Don’t want to put my foot init with ‘any potential business partners. Could you let me know anything I should be particularly aware of? Thanks Paul HiPaul Glad to hear you're going out to China. | think you'll enjoy it. Not Shanghai, ist? Let me know. Maybe | can fix you up with a couple of contacts. Anyway, my advice Take plenty of business cards ~ Chinese people will ‘always give you theirs (make sure you read them carefully) and it's embarrassing if you don’t have one 10 give in return Keep the name and address of your hotel with you when you go out. Visitors are always getting into trouble because they can't remember where they're staying ~ The Chinese love their food and are very proud of it They'll offer you some unusual dishes. Just be adventurous and be gratefull Good luck and speak soon Dominic eae te oe TTS ere ss customs * rece) cm elision in ‘email where words heve been omitted to save tin e.g. Good to see you triefly the other day. How would you write these sentences or phrases. if you were writing a more formal letter? Convert the sentences and phrases by inserting the words that are missing Example: It was good to sev you the other day, Now convert these sentences into a more economical style by removing unnecessary pronouns, auxiliary verbs or the verb be. 1 hope we can mee! up soon, 2. Itwas bad luck that you dicin’t get the job. 3 I'llbe back next Tuesday night. 4. This is my address in New York: 5 Iwill look forward to hearing all about it. 6 It wasn’ta bad result, was it? Write a response to this email that you received in your country. Hi there ‘Wondered if you could ep. 'm flying over next week to meet some clients. Will have to take them out to dinner and chat to them a bit socially. Can you give me some advice about how things are done over there? Eating customs, what to talk about, etc. Sorry to ask, but very grateful for any information you can provide. Best wishes Sara Work in pairs. Exchange emails. Read your partner's reply and answer the questions. + [sit written in an informal style? ‘Has the writer given some useful tips? + Is the content short and to the point? ‘* Has the writer used some elision? |Eating insectsUnit 10 Customs and behaviour Before you watch 1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss the questions. 1. What do you think a candy man is? 2 How does the photo make you feel? Do you think most people would feel the same as you? 3. What do you think Larry Peterman’s mission is? 2 Work in pairs. Think about the sweets you used tocat when you were a child. What can you remember about them? Describe the sweets to your partner. 3. You are going to watch a video about eating insects. Answer these questions. Which countries include insects in their diets? Do you think eating insects is a new habit? Are insects good for you? Is producing insects better for the environment than producing meat? While you watch 4 Watch the video and check your answers from Exercise 3. 5. Watch the video again. Number the foods in the order you see them, banana, cream and cockroach dessert salt-water taffy lollipop with cricket cricket cocktail mealworm-covered apples stir fry caramels caterpillars 6 Answer the questions. 1 Where is Hotlix? 2 How long has Larry been trying to get Americans to eat insects? 3. According to Larry, why do most Americans not like eating insects? 4 How many species of insects are eaten around the world? 5. How does Larry compare insects to wine? After you watch 7 Roleplay a meal at Larry's restaurant Work in groups of three. Student A: Imagine you are Larry. Prepare an interesting insect menu. Then give the menu to your customers. Explain what each dish is and answer their questions. Student B: You don’t like the idea of eating insects but are prepared to try. Ask Larry about the menu and order your meal. Also ask Larry why he is so interested in promoting insect foods. Student C: You love the idea of eating insects. Order a meal. Act out the conversation, then change roles and act out the conversation again. The student who is Lanry should prepare a different menu. 8 Atthe end of the video, Larry predicts that gourmet insects will have ‘snob appeal’. What do you think that means? 9 Do you think Larry will eventually win people over to eating insects. Why? / Why not? 410 Work in groups and discuss these questions. 1. Are there any unusual dishes or foods in your country? 2. What types of foods do people in your country avoid eating generally? Why? 3 Are there any foods you don't like? Why? ‘advocate (n) /2edvakat/a perion who supports something brim (forum be full of bug (r) sal insect ‘andy (n) kandi (American English) sweets ‘munch () manf/eat niche (7) ni specialised business opportunity revolting (ad) vault! disgusting snob (n) sn’ a person wio thinks he or she is beter than ‘other people swat () sw (American English hit18 0 REVIEW Work in pairs. Look at the photo. What do you know about the eating habits of the Spanish: when they eat, what they like to eat, etc? Read the extract from a travel guide. What times are Spanish meals? Underline the correct forms to complete the extract. People visiting Spain for the first time can find it difficult to ' be used to / get used to the eating customs of the Spanish. It’s not so much the food itself, but the timing of the meals that Visitors aren‘t used to / don’t get used to. |? was Used to living / used to live in Cadiz myself for a few years and | actually quite like the way they do things. Breakfast is a light continental affair just a roll and some coffee usually - eaten between 8 and 9.30 a.m. The main meal of the day is lunch, which people *are used to eating / usually eat sometime between 1 p.m. and 3.30 pum. Quite a few of the shops, museums and galleries * close / will close around this time, because the locals like to take time over lunch. They ‘are always resting / will rest for a short time afterwards, although the traditional afternoon siesta is not as common as it” was Used to being / used to be. People eat late in the evening - rarely before 9 p.m. and at the weekend the locals often *aren’t eating / won't eat before 11 p.m. or even midnight. This isa much lighter meal than lunch - often just a few tapas taken with a drink toa Use used fo, be used to and get used to correctly talk about habits and typical behaviour with present simple, present continuous and will Work in pairs. Find the odd one out in each group of words and expressions. Explain the reason for your choice, 1 punish, discipline, nag, spoil 2. educate, bring up, look after, raise 3 encourage, shame, praise, reward A bread, cheese, rice, pasta sit back, shake hands, wave, point 6 interrupt, 7 wel stare, smile, chew gum behaved, offensive, polite, courteous Tell each other what postures, gestures or facial expressions you often use and in what situations. CAN talk about bringing up children talk about eating habits talk about body language Work in pairs. Find the correct ending from list B for each phrase in list A to make sentences about a coming-of-age tradition, A B Ttmarks people give adult presents to the child the moment when a child becomes an adult the child to stand up and ive a short speech the parent walking into the hall with the child. mary for peopl also say some words. on the child’s 16th birthday for celebration. leaving childish things behind, It takes place It is an occasion It symbolises It’s cust in the audience can ‘Typically the ceremony begins with: ‘Once the child has given their speech Tell your partner about a special celebration in your country and the traditions that surround it. CAN describe traditions and customs at special events Work in small groups. How is children’s upbringing, these days different from when you were a child? Look at the example. Do you agree with this speaker? My parents were quite strict. They used to expect us to do jobs around the house. | think children these days have it ‘much easier, although they are always complaining that their parents expect a lot of them,FEATURES TCEXTT ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE Knowledge conservation ‘The work of ethnobotanist, Maria Fadiman Memory How would itbe to have a Who's a clever bird, then? What goes on in the mind of an animal? Paraguay shaman A video about the uses of medicinal plants ‘AN EMAIL ABOUT A MISUNDERSTANDING. Work in pairs. Match each technique of acquiring knowledge or learning (1-4) to a definition (ac) Which technique are the students using in the photo? 1 by authority experimenting, 2 byobservation busing logic 3. by reasoning ——_c_judging from what you see or hear 4 bytrial and error d_ readi or listening to an expert % ‘Sometimes we feel we know something intuitively, without having to learn it Listen to a psychologist deseribing such a situation and answer the questions. 1 What situation does he describe? 2 What types of learning are needed in this situation? 2.30 Listen again and complete the phrases the psychologist uses to talk about knowledge. Discuss what each 1 You have a basic of car mechanics, 2 You doa bit of research to out what the best kind of car is and try to up some tips from experts, 3 Inother words, you the information, 4 Inthe end you have to trust your instinct or feeling, WHY YOU FORGOT TYPES OF LEARNER GETTINGCLARIFICATION 128)reading people and plants + grammar could, was able to, manage to and succeed in + vocabulary learning * Bese vck a | speaking acquiring knowledge 11a Knowledge conservation Reading 1. Work in pairs. Look at the photo in the article below of a botanist in the field. What does a botanist do? 2. Make a list of plants or plant products you use on a daily basis. Then compare yout list with another pair. Which uses did your lists have in common? Example: cotton in my clothes 3. Read the article about Maria Fadiman and answer the questions. 1 How is her interest in plants different from a traditional botanist? Where does she work? What two uses of plants are mentioned in the article? MNOWLEDGE Dr Mara Fadiman isan ethnobotanist she studies how people ‘se plants. Looking at plant conservation without including people a fantasyshe says. The focus of my works finding a balance where people use resources in a sustainable way! Itstruck Fadiman early on that this was what she wanted todo 3s born with a passion for conservation anda fascination with indigenous cultures’ she explains. Ethnobotany lets me bring italltogether.On my fst trip to the ain forest meta woman io was in terible pain because the people in her vilage erent abe to remember which plant would cure her. saw traditional plant knowledge was being lost, and at that moment I knew conserving thiskind of knowledge was what | wanted to ddowith my lite! Visiting the Ecuadorian rain forest, Dr Fadiman was amazed at the variety of plants. Itlooked like one big, green mish-mash to ‘me; she says.‘But the people who lived there were able to pick ‘ut the right plants for medicine and could distinguish not only the plans that were safe to eat, butalso the right part of each plant! The problem often that such knowledge is stored only in local people's minds and itis passed down from generation to generation, Fadiman managed to persuade inhabitants of the Ecuadorian rain forest to let her record the information in ttn form, They are excited by this idea because suddenly theirknowledge is valued: But conservation doesnt just mean protecting indigenous plants. fringing in non-native plants ~cash crops like coffee — is beneficial to people and the environment, then thatsfne too. Inthe Galapagos sands, where overfishing was areal problem, environmentalss ike Fadiman succeeded in getting local ‘people to think about alternatives to fishing, such as growing coffee 4 What does the article say about: 1 the way Fadiman collects knowledge from local people? 2 the way that local people often pass their knowledge on? the way Fadiman passes her knowledge on to her students? 5 Do you think that Fadiman’s idea of recording traditional plant knowledge is useful? Why? / Why not? What knowledge has been passed down, to you by your parents or grandparents? Tell your partner, eee (Often there are idiomatic expressions that can replace | basic verbs lke think, realise etc | te struck me that. = ealised that | For further information and practice, see Workbook page 91 CONSERVATION By forming lose relationships with local people and joining in with their way of life, Fadiman has inspited her own students inher teaching at Florida Atlantic University. Students who ‘couldn't easily absorb facts and statistics said they were able to engage much more easily withthe subject when they heard her stories of going tothe river to brush her teeth or siting around cooking fire. indigenous (ad) /n'dudsonos/ native to a particular country mishmash (n) 'mfimaf/ a confusing mixture or collection of thingsGrammar could, was able to, manage to and succeed in 6 Work in pairs. Underline the sentences in the article where the following forms (1-6) are used. Then match each form to the uses (a-c). Note that some forms can have more than one use. could tows / were able to (do) couldn't roasn / weren't able to managed to (do) succeeded in (doing) to describe success in a task on a particular ‘occasion in the past D_ todescribe a general abil in the past to describe an inability to do something in the past Emer ac ra) EiceziM ‘could + infinitive (without to) He could tell which plants were safe and which were dangerous. couldn't + infinitive (without to) | couldn't remember the name of the plant. was / were able + to + infinitive We were able to learn a lot by talking to the local people. He wasn’t able to explain how he knew it was the right plant. ‘manage + to + infinitive After three hours climbing, we managed to reach the top of the mountain, succeed in +-ing We succeeded in finding a guide to take us into the forest For further information and practice, see page 171. Look at the grammar box. Then complete the sentences, 1. Inthe past people could (distinguish) plants much more than they can 2 Recently, a group of schoolchildren who were asked where cotton came from weren't able (say) whether it was from an animal ora plant. 3 People were able (use) this knowledge to find food and medicines. 3. They also managed (work) out which plants were good for building and making clothes 4 But they didn’t always succeed (pass) this knowledge on to the next generation. 5 So people couldn't (save) some of this knowledge from being lost. Unit 11. Knowledge and learning 8 Underline the correct form in each of these sentences. Sometimes both forms are possible. 1 By specialising in ethnobotany, Fadiman twas able to combine / succeeded in combining an interest in plants with her interest in people. 2. She also studied geography, which meant she could look at / managed to look at people and the land. 3. In Ecuador, Fadirran could record / managed to record data about plants that hadn’t been written down before. 4 In Yucatan, Mexico, local women taught Fadiman how to weave, something that she ‘wasn’t able to do / didn’t manage to do before. 5 Ona recent trip to Ecuador, she could visit / tons able to visit a lot of places in a short time by using a helicopter rather than buses and 6 Fadiman was impressed by how indigenous people were able fo make /sueceeded in making use of the plants around them. Vocabulary learning 9 Work in pairs. Find pairs of words in this group with the same meaning absorb acquire de ignorant connect with engage with grasp inspire motivate notknow pickup take in understand 410 Complete these sentences about your own Jearning at school using one of the forms in the grammar box. Ask and answer these questions. 1 Which teachers school? 2. What kind of facts most easily? 3. Which subjects (engage with)? 4 (pass) all your exams? 5 What knowledge (acquire) that has been useful in later life? 6 Was there anything that grasp) that you wished you did now? (inspire) you at (absorb) (not / Speaking 11. 2.31 Listen to someone describing her area of expertise and answer the questions. 1 What is the speaker’s area of expertise? 2 How did the speaker acquire their knowledge? 42 Work in pairs. Think of a subject you know a lot about, How were you able to become knowledgeable in this area? Have you managed to record or pass on this knowledge in any way? > EEGEUMIIGNIGIE > wir vouroncot > 1vP6s oF LEARNER. > GETTING CLARIFICATION >> AN EMAIL ABOUT A MISUNDERSTANDING.memory tests + memory * future in the past + contrastive sentence stress + why you forgot Memory Work in pairs. How good is your memory? Look at the picture What things do you commonly forget? below for ten seconds. Then turn your book over and write Which failures of memory annoy you down all the objects you can remember. the most? Compare your results with another pait. What techniques did © 2.32 Listen to the fist part of a Yyou tse to remember each set? talk on memory by a psychologist and note the common failures of memory that he mentions. Were any of them Items left at the Vietnam Memorial, the same as yours? Landover, Maryland 2.33 Listen to the rest of the talk and answer the questions. What is the woman ‘AJ’ good at remembering? How does ‘AI’ feel about her good memory? Why are people's memories perhaps not as good as they used to be? 2.34 Complete the psychologist’s statements by putting in the missing words (one word per space). Then listen again and check 1 AJ's memory is stimulated by in the same way that our memories can be stimulated by certain Having a good memory should make people feel more ‘Our memories are selective: they remember mostly things and. things. We should be for all the things that our memories hide Poychologss call the technology we use to store information ‘our memory’ Now medical science is trying to address the problem of rk in pairs. Discuss the questions. How much do you rely on your ‘own internal memory to remember things? How much do you rely on aids, such as post-it notes, computer, diaries, ete.? Do you agree with the speaker that ‘our memories are getting worse?Unit 11. Knowledge and learning Grammar future in the past 8B 42.35 Listen to the first part ofthe talk again and, complete the first half of these sentences with the correct verb forms, You to make a comment at a ‘meeting and then You to send a friend a card for their birthday, but then ‘You recognised someone in the street and. spoken to them, but .. You promised you posta letter for someone and two days later. You to write downa great idea you had, but when you found a pen and paper, Work in pairs. What happened next in each case? Were any of these actions completed? If not, why not? Choose the right verb form to complete this, description of another memory patient. Se EEEnansnnmmmsemmiaeamamtamad ‘There was another interesting patient who couldn't form new memories. He could only remember events before 1960. 1" was going to ask / would ask his doctor how someone with no memory managed to cope with daily life, but she suggested | speak to him directly. So | went to interview him ur appointment ? was supposed to be / would be at 2 p.m, but it made no difference to him what time it was since he lived only in the present. | » would tell / would have told him my name and why | was there, but | realised there was no point: ‘it was going to mean it would have meant nothing to him. So I began by asking him about his. past and he talked about his time as a child during the Second World War. But then the telephone rang. When he came back, 1* was about to ask / would ask him to continue, but | realised the moment had gone. He had completely forgotten ‘our earlier conversation. | thought he * was about to be / would be frustrated by this but not at all ‘The man was not stupid and he did not seem unhappy. If anything he seemed happier for not being burdened by memory. aaa Gite ‘going to and about to was going to call you, but! forgot. ‘was about to call you, but was interrupted. would and would have ‘He said he would call me. would have called you, but | did't have your number. supposed to ‘He was supposed to call you. Did he forget? © 2.36 Look at the grammar box. Transform these original plans into future in the past forms. Then listen and check your answers. 1. ‘I'm going to ask Sarah to come.’ 1 , but L asked Kate instead. ‘She's supposed to be in Cairo this week’ She in Cairo this week, but she’s, ill ‘Vl definitely send you the original.’ He promised he me the original, but he sent me a copy. ‘We will be there by ten o'clock’ We there by ten o'clock, but the train didn’t get in until eleven fifteen, He's about to announce that he will retire this year. He , but now he thinks he'll stay until next year. ‘The council will build a new shopping mall in the centre. ‘The council anew shopping mall in the centre, but residents opposed the idea. Pronunciation contrastive sentence stress 2.36 Work in pairs. Underline the words in each sentence in Exercise 11 that highlight the contrasting facts. Listen and check. Then practise ng each sentence Complete each of these sentences with a contrasting idea. Underline the words in the sentence that highlight the contrast. Then say your sentences to your partner. Ask them which words they thought were stressed. 1 Lwas going to order a steak, but 2. They were supposed to be going on holiday to lialy, but 3. [would have driven, but 4 He said he would wait for me, but 5. We were about to buy a new TY, but Speaking 13 Work in pairs. Choose one of the three situations below. Think of a good excuse to explain why this happened. Then change pairs and explain your excuse again. A: the end vote on which excuses were best. ‘+ You were 30 minutes late for an important, business meeting and didn’t call to say so. + You borrowed someone's car and were supposed to retur it the following day, but they had to call you to find out where you were. It was a close friend's birthday two days ago. You didn’t send a card or get them a present. GUE > acoumne xnoweoce > > TYPES OF LEARNER > GETING CLARIRCATION "> AN EMAIL ABOUT A MISUNDERSTANDINGreading animal minds * critical thinking reinforcing ideas * word focus learn * speaking types of learner 11¢ Who’s a clever bird, then? Reading 1 Work in pairs. Do you know a domestic animal which is particularly intelligent? How does this intelligence show itself? Read the article and say how Alex the parrot's intelligence showed itself Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T), false (F) or does the article not give an answer (ay 1. People are right to believe that animals have thoughts and emotions. 2. Pepperberg’s idea was to let Alex communicate to her how he saw the world. 3. Pepperberg didn’t want people to think she hhad chosen Alex for his intelligence. 4 Alex showed that he could distinguish between colours and shapes but not numbers 5. Pepperberg concluded that cognitive skills were necessary for survival in the wild. 6 Alex felt very proud of his ability to ‘communicate in English Were you surprised by Pepperberg’s experiment with Alex and its results? Why? / Why not? Tell your partner. Critical thinking reinforcing ideas 5 Often when writers express an idea, they reinforce it to make sure the reader understands. They do this in a variety of ways: ‘+ rephrasing or saying the same thing in other words + giving examples ‘+ quoting someone who also made this point Find and underline the ideas expressed below by the author. Note how each one is reinforced. 1. How can we find out if animals can think? 2. Pepperberg’s idea was to ask the parrot for his thoughts. 3. Researchers had no confidence in her idea. 4 She wanted to get inside the parrot's head, 5 Alex's cognitive abilities are not typical ofall animals. 6 Alex cognitive abilities are necessary to cope with his environment 7 Alex worked through various mental tests. 8 Alex behaved like a bored teenager. Which method of reinforcing an idea did you find the most effective? Word focus learn 7 Work in pairs. Find these three expressions in the article with the word learn. Discuss what each one 1 lear as you go along 2 learn by heart 3. earn the hard way Look at the expressions in bold with learn in the sentences below and work out what each one means from its context. Which one means the same as ‘learn the hard way’? 1. If Jack is interested in photography, there's an excellent four-week course at the adult college, where he can learn some tricks of the trade. 2 Jessica wants to design the new brochure, but she’s only been here a month. I told her that you have to learn to walk before you can run. 3. It’snever too late to learn. My grandfather took up the piano when he was 73. 4 I've learnt my lesson. I'm never going to try to build a piece of furniture again without reading the instructions frst. 5. There's no point complaining about the changes in the organisation. We are all just ‘going to have to learn to live with it. 6. You'd think that the government would learn from its mistakes, but they never do. Choose two of the expressions from Exercise 8 and, use them in sentences about your own learning experiences. Read your sentences to your partner, ‘omitting the expressions with learn, Can your partner work out the missing expressions? Speaking 10 W Work in pairs. Do the quiz. on page 154 to find out what type of learner you are. The answers are on. page 155. Work in small groups. Discuss how your learning style affects your language learning. What things ‘can you do to learn more effectively? Look at the ideas below and add any others you can think of: + watching English language films with the subtitles on # reading stories (in English newspapers, books, magazines) and retelling them ‘+ keeping a vocabulary book and drawing, illustrations of each new word‘ow does a scientist find out to what extent an animal is capable of thinking? What evidene: there that itis able to acquire information about the world and act on it, learning as it goes along? In 1977 Irene Pepperberg, a recent graduate of Harvard University, decided to investigate the thought processes ‘of another creature by talking to it.In order to do this she would teach a one-year-old African grey parrot named Alex to reproduice the sounds of the English language.'I thought if he learnt to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world, Pepperberg bought Alex in a Chicago pet store. She let the store's assistant choose him because she didnt want other scientists to say that she had deliberately chosen an especially smart bird. Given that Alex’s brain was the size of a walnut, most researchers thought Pepperberg’s communication study would be futile.'Some people actually called me erazy for trying this,’ she sai. With Pepperberg’s patient teaching, Alex learnt how to imitate almost one hundred English words, including the names of food. He could count to six and had learnt the sounds for seven and eight. But the point was not to see if Alex could learn words by heart. Pepperberg ‘wanted to get inside his mind and learn more about « bird's understanding of the world. She couldn't ask him what he was thinking about, but she could ask him about his knowledge of numbers, shapes and colours. In one demonstration, Pepperberg placed Alex on a ‘wooden perch in the middle of the room. She then held up a green key and a small green cup for him to look at. “What's the same?’ she asked Without hesitation, Alex’s beak opened: ‘Co-lour’ “What's different? Pepperberg asked “Shape, Alex said. His voice had the sound of a cartoon character. But the words ~ and what can only be called the thoughts ~ were entirely Who's a ¢ Knowledge and learning his, Many of Alex's cognitive skills, such as his ability to understand the concepts of ‘same’ and ‘different’, are rare in the animal world, Very few ani these skills. But parrots ike humans, live in complex societies. And like humans, these birds must keep track of the dynamies of changing relationships and environments “They need to be able to cistinguish colours to know when a fruit is ripe or uncipe,’ Pepperberg explained. “They need to categorise things — what's edible, what isnft —and to know the shapes of predators. And it helps to ea concept of numbers if you need to keep track of your flock. For a long-lived bird, you cant do all of this with instinct; cognition must be involved, In the demonstration, Alex then ran through various tests, distinguishing colours, shapes, sizes, and materials (wool versus wood versus metal). He did some simple arithmetic, such as counting the yellow toy blocks among a pile of mixed coloured blocks. And then, as if to offer final proof of the mind inside his birds brain, ‘Alex spoke up. “Talk clearly! he commanded, when. ‘one of the younger birds Pepperberg was also teaching. mispronounced the word green, “Talk clearly Alex knew all the answers himself and was gettin bored. He’ moody’ suid Pepperberg, ‘so he interrupts the others, or he ves the wrong answer just to be difficult’ Pepperberg was certainly learning more about the mind of a parrot, but like the parent of a troublesome the was learning the hard way. bird, then? Set eo Peer U Ure er| getting clarification + pronunciation linking in question forms 11d Keep learning Real life getting clarification 4 Look at the lst of short courses offered by an adult education college. Use a dictionary if you need to. Which of the courses interest you and why? 2 237 Listen to a telephone conversation between someone enquiring about a course and a college receptionist, Answer the questions. 1. What kind of course is Ahmad interested in taking? 2 What course does Liz suggest for him instead? Why? 3 What does Anmad decide to do? 3 Look at the expressions used by Ahmad. Which are used for repetition (R) and which are used for explanation (E)? ‘What do you mean by ..? Can you speak up alittle? Can you explain what ...? | rm not really with you. ‘Are you saying that ..? Could you give me an example of ..? What was... again? Hang on a second. That's too much to take inal at once. I didn't cateh | bid you say ..2 4 2.37 Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences in the box that are unfinished. 5 Pronunciation linking in question forms @ 2.38 Incertain commonly used combinations ~ did you, could you, zohat do you ~ the words are strongly linked together. Listen to these examples, Are you saving the course is full? an you speak up a little? Could you give me an example? Did you say Tuesday? ‘What do you mean? Work in pairs. Practise saying these sentences an you explain what you mean? Could you repeat that? Did you mean September? What are you trying tosay? What do you think? 6 Work in pairs. Act out a conversation, enquiring about the course. Then change roles and repeat the conversation. Student A: You are a prospective student. Choose one of the courses in Exercise 2 or another course you would, like to do, Tell Student B your choice. Prepare questions about the course. Student B: You are a college administrator. Prepare what you are going to say about Student A’s chosen course ROUSHAM roe a a a Tait Basic car mechanics 5Apr, 10 wks Psychology of human behaviour 22 Jan, 18ks Public speaking 7A, 8 wks First aid 12Apr 4 wks Desert and jungle survival Mar, 12 wks Ikebana: Japanese flower arranging 22Jan, 18ks ‘Art appreciation Apr, YO wks Screenwriting 21 Jan, 18 ks Surfing 12Apr, 6 ws Investing in stocks and shares 11 Ap, wks 12h tx tshrs 2x 1Shrs 1x 1.Shes, EEMAUENG > ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE > WHY YOU FORGOT > TyPES OF LEARNER > KTERINGCSMOGTESION CITIES > AN EMAIL ABOUT A MISUNDERSTANDINGWriting an email about a misunderstanding 1 Work in pairs. Read the email from a student to an adult education college. Answer the questior 1 What is the misunderstanding about the course? a thetiming b thelevel c_ the subject 2. How would you describe the student's feelings about the situation? a angry b offended ¢_ frustrated 3. How would you describe the tone of the email? a complaining > reasonable c apologetic Dear Sir/ Madam | enrolled on your course ‘car mechanics 1" in August and have attended three sessions. When I originally enquired about the course, | was told that it was suitable for people with no previous knowledge of car mechanics. But in fact everyone else ‘on the course seems to know a lot already. So despite the fact, that the lessons generally start with a basic concept, they move very quickly onto more complicated ideas. | don’t blame the teacher. On the contrary, he does his best ‘to explain concepts to me. But | feel that | am just holding everyone else back. They know how an engine works already, ‘whereas | have no background at all in mechanics. was going to leave it a couple of weeks more before saying anything, but in the last session | felt so out of my depth that | have decided to write now and ask for a refund. While | appreciate it’s not really anyone's fault that this has happened, hope you will understand how unsatisfactory the situation is for me, | look forward to hearing from you Yours faithfully Karen Redman 2 Ifyou were an administrator at the college, how would you react to this email? 3. Writing skill linking contrasting ideas {@ Find the words or phrases in the email that link these contrasting ideas. 1 The course should be for beginners. No one else is a beginner. 2. Each lesson starts with a simple idea. It progresses quickly to difficult ideas, The teacher is not at fault, He helps me as much as he can The other students know a lot. I know nothing, No one isto blame for this. I still fee it is unfair. writing an email about a misunderstanding * writing skill linking contrasting ideas Unit 11 Knowledge and learning 11e The wrong course Bb Match these words and phrases to the ones in the email that they could replace. whilst although in actual fact but on the other hand but inrealty € Complete these sentences with appropriate linking phrases. 1 the brochure says the start date is 12th September, the first real class is a week later, on the 19th, 2. The course is advertised as ‘practical’, you lean alot oi theory as well 3 the course fee is quite high, it’s a great investment because it inereases your employment prospects. 4 The course isn’t much fun, you would expect a course in lifesaving to be serious. 5. The French conversation class focuses on everyday French, in the A-level French class you cover literature and written French more. 6 Surfing is not an easy skill to learn. you need to have great natural balance and a lot of perseverance. 6 Imagine you enrolled for one of the other courses on page 136. Think of « misunderstanding that occurred with the course. Write an email to the college explaining the misunderstanding and asking for a refund, 7 Exchangeletters with your partner and check the following items: Does the email make clear what the misunderstanding was? + Is the tone of the email reasonable? ‘+ Has the writer used linking words and phrases correctly? * Do you think the email wil get the desired response? Ie > RT GTIMETET_ > ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE > WHY YOU FORGOT > TYPES OF LEARNER > GETTING CLARIFICATIONParaguay shamanUnit 11. Knowledge and learning Before you watch 1 Work in groups. Look at the photo of the shaman, a traditional tribal healer or doctor and discuss the questions 1 What do you know about shamans? 2 What techniques do you think they use to heal sick people? 2 You are going to watch a video about medicinal plants, Answer these questions, 1 What problem do you think faces these plants? 2 What solution to the problem might the video suggest? 3. Write down three kinds of people you're going to see in the video. While you watch 3 Watch the video and check your answers from Exercise 2. 4. Underline the false information in these sentences. Then rewrite the sentences correctly 1 Before going into the forest, a scientist travels toa local village by car. 2. When they arrive, Gervasio, the local shaman, is collecting plants in the forest. 3. Gervasio and the team set off to look for an insect the scientists are interested in. 4 Gervasio’s wife leads the way. 5. The local people eat the root raw: 6 Later, back in the village, Gervasio shows the team a book he has written. 5 Watch the video again and answer the questions. 1 What illnesses are mentioned in the video? 2. How do traditional folk healers in Paraguay help scientists? 3. Why is it important to record shamans’ knowledge urgently? 4. Why does Gervasio use chants and prayers before going into the forest? are the scientists interested in the Suruvi root? 6 What does the scientists’ book set out to do? 6 Number the extracts in the order you hear them. a Recording and analysing Paraguayan plants for possible medical cures is urgent business. b_ To reach Gervasio,a group of researchers set ‘out on a long journey through the reserve. © Somewhere in this forest, maybe in this plant or that herb, there might be a cure for an illness, d_ When he feels ready, Gervasio and his wife lead the group on the search. The rain forests of Paraguay have long been a source of medicinal cures. After you watch 7 Roleplay interviewing a scientist Work in pairs Student A: Imagine you are a National Geographic reporter. You are going to interview the scientist who made the documentary about Gervasio. Use the information below to prepare questions to ask the scientist. Student B: Imagine you are the scientist who made the documentary about Gervasio. Look at the information below and think about what you are going to say to the reporter. the journey to the reserve the journey to Tekoha Ryapu what it feels like to work with someone like Gervasio the importance of Gervasio’s knowledge what they were abe to achieve on this trip how the book might help Act out the interview, then change roles and act, out the interview again 8 Work in groups and discuss these questions 1 Do you know of any modern medicines that originated from rain forest plants? 2. Do you think traditional medicines from plants are effective? 3. What do you think about other forms of traditional medicine, for example acupuncture, massage therapy, homeopathy? chant (n) Yo: kind of rythmical song that uses only one cor two notes deforestation ()/dsfoes'tsfn cutting down trees folk healer (n) Yaok hia’ a arson who uses traditional ‘methods to cue illnesses multiply (0) msl epreduce quickly renowned (anand famous reserve ()/'23:0/ an area of land where plants or animals ate offically protectedUNIT 11 REVIEW Grammar 1. Work in pairs. What do you think is the maximum number of languages someone can speak fluently? Does speaking one language help you to lear another? 2. Read the article about polyglot Ziad Fazah. Answer the questions. 1 What isa polyglot? 2 What is Fazah’s regular job? 3. How many languages is he really fluent in? ‘When police in Brazil arrested an illegal immigrant speaking an unrecognisable language, they immediately called Ziad Fazah, the world’s greatest linguist. Fazah realized quickly that the man was. speaking a dialect used in Afghanistan. With Fazah’s help, the man ‘explain / was able to explain that he had escaped Afghanistan and was seeking asylum in Brazil, At that time Fazah, originally from the Lebanon, *could speak / managed to speak 54 different languages. He also *could get / succeeded {in getting his name into the Brazilian Guinness World Book of Records as the world's greatest living polyglot. Fazah used to get quite a lot of work interpreting for the police, but unfortunately they ‘couldn't pay / didn’t manage to pay him. ‘When Fazah was 17, his talents were spotted by the Lebanese government who * were going to use / would use him as an interpreter. But soon after, he moved to Brazil with his parents. There he married ‘ Brazilian and began giving private language lessons. Fazah * would remain I would have remained unknown, but in 2006 his language abilities were tested on a Spanish television programme and he received international attention. It was at this point that people began to question these abilities. ” Was he really able / Did he really manage to be fluent in ‘over 50 languages? The programme *was supposed to show / would have shown that he could, but the ‘evidence was not so convincing. 3 Complete the extract by underlining the correct formof the verbs. a] Vocabulary 4 Work in pairs. Complete the passage about learning, The first letter of each missing word has been given for you. There are many different ways to learn and ‘a____ knowledge: by ?t___ and error, from an authority, by reasoning and by’0.__— or in other words just watching how something works. Some things, like bringing up children, are more instinctive - you have a gut“f___ about what is the right way to do things. Some things, like playing a musical instrument, you canp____ up as you go along. But there are other things that you need to be ‘taught. For example, you might have a basic *g___of mathematics, but still be completely "i of how differential calculus works. For this, type of learning, you need an authority ~ a book or ‘a teacher - that can help you to*e __with the subject and understand it. Think of two things that you know how to do (eg. play an instrument, cook). Tell each other how you learnt to do these things. eae ee | Real life 6 Workin pairs. Match 1-5 to a-e 1 2 3 4 What do you mean by that? Could you give me an example? Can you speak up a little? What was that again? I'm not really with you. Ididn’t catch that. Idon’t really understand. For instance? d_ Can you explain that? can’t hear you very clearly. 7 Think of something you can do, but your partner probably can't. Give your partner some instructions. As you receive the instructions ask for clarification and repetition CE Speaking 8 Work in small groups. Read the example below. Tell each other about a similar (good or bad) learning experience you have had. ‘At school we had a fantastic art teacher who was able to inspire everyone, whether they had natural artistic talent or not. He had really good ideas, such asge aes ane ey gr rea 3 | RE aS FEATURES Saving for a rainy day Norway, the richest country in the world Don't do it yourself The revival ofthe servant The gift economy Analternative economic model Japan A video about the culture and traditions of Japan The economy Work in pairs. Look at the photo. What does a matching luxury car and fur coat say about a person? Do rich people in your country like to show off their wealth? 4 2.39 Listen to an economist de‘ining poverty and wealth. Answer the questions. 1 What are the two definitions of being poor that use percentages (ten per cent and 40 per cent)? 2. How can you be rich without raving a lot of money? Match the word (1-7) with its synonym (ag). 1 afford a. poor 2. hard up b_ have enough money 3. income expensive 4 loaded cheap 5 pricey every rich 6 reasonable £ comfortable 7 well off g earnings Work in small groups. How would you define rich and poor? What proportion of the population is rich in your country? GETTING THINGS DONE GIFT GIVING AND EXCHANGE NEGOTIATING hat (XEETTIA THE Economy In your counrRY [iid arerorrrr ee ee Sn ons caveres oe, ae ae vocabulary money * speaking the economy in your country 12a Saving for a rainy day Reading 11 Work in pairs. What do you know about Ls AVING FOR Norway: its landscape, its people, its industry? Look at the photo below for ideas. rN RAINY [>) AY 2 Read the article. In what ways is Norway a ‘rich’ country? 4 Fe ne ' 3 Complete these summaries of each steght years, Norway has registered the highest quality o paragraph using as many words as among the world’s nations. tis one of the wealthiest countries in the world - only Luxembourg and a couple of others are. richer. Norwegians can also expect to get a good education, find the job they want - unemployment is only 25 per cent — enjoy necessary in each space. Then compare answers with another pair. 1 Fora long time, Norway has had a better ‘goad health and live a long lfe. People say the prisons are quite than other countries. comfortable too! 2. The three reasons for Norway's success Ree ene ee ae sae are: big oil reserves, and Be ae arene ere eee 8 : "Norwegians were emigrating to the USA in their thousands in | A search of a better life. The rise in ol prices in the 1970s changed. 3 For Norwegians being rich means al that. But Norway success not oni rest of is huge’ reserves of ol, Other countries have had such riches and 4 Norway is saving money for squandered them. Iti also due to the Norwegians natural thrift and their strong work ethic. When you arrive in Oslo forthe first time, don't expect to be met ‘with Dubaistyle skyscrapers, entrepreneurs in designer suits and rows of Ferraris and Porsches, Norway may be rch, butt is modest inits wealth, Norwegians also work hard and are always near the 4 Do you think that the Norwegians are right tosave their money? Why? / Why not? Grammar focus adverbs topin surveys of global worker productivity rates. Butn today’s it high-tech world where work seems to follow us wherever we only, just, even the pple cl Nar) ee les ERP oe Cah ea recently passed by the government emphasise the importance offalyand time of fring generous maternity and patety only. leave, subsidised childcare and long holidays as well. Only Luxembourg and a couple of other colrpiessieoae ‘Aso the country is saving forthe future. Every dolar eared from oilis put traight into whats now the word biggest pension = fund — worth over $200 billion. Extraordinarily, none of this money | 2st) years oon agama is allowed to be spent on state infrastructure projects. Itis not ‘emigreting to hee ‘even invested in new schools and hospitals. But at a time when even ‘most other countries are wondering how they will nance the This isn’t even a competition anymore. pensions ofa growing retired population, Norway siting pretty. For further information and practice, see page 172. leave (n) lv! time off from work sitting pretty (v)/sitty ‘pri in a good or comfortable situation squander (y) Pskwonda/ waste thrift (n nf carefulness when spending money 5 Work in pairs. Look atthe sentences in the grammar box. Which of these statements (a-c) is true of ony, just and even? a they always come directly after the word they are emphasising b_ they always come directly after the main verb they always come directly before the word they are emphasising 6 Find other examples of these words in the article, Do they follow the same rule?Unit 12 The economy 7 Discuss the meaning of each sentence (1-8) ‘Then match each of the sentences to the clause or sentence that follows it (ah). Only visitors think Norway is expens Visitors only think Norway is expensive. Visitors think only Norway is expensive. Among the Scandinavian countries, Ihave Visited Norway just once. Among the Scandinavian countries, Ihave Visited just Norway. Even fathers are given time off to be with their new babies Fathers are even given time off to be with their new babies. Fathers are given time off even to be with their new babies. 1 2 3 4 Of course mothers are given a lot of time off too. Thave visited the others several times. They are also given time off to move house and to look after elderly parents. but all the Scandinavian countries are expensive, but actually it’s quite reasonable. [haven't visited the others at all. ‘The residents themselves find it reasonable. ‘This is in addition to the extra money the state gives them. ro ‘Complete these sentences by putting a focus adverb in the right place. Then compare answers with your partner. Tell them whether these facts, are true of your country. 1 Many people work long hours during the week, so they see their children at weekends. People with university degrees are finding it difficult to get jobs these days For most people a job isa way to make ‘money, not something they particularly enjoy. The rich represent about five per cent of the population. You don’t see extreme poverty. Poor people usually have food and somewhere to live ‘The state pension gives you enough to live ‘on, but not to live very comfortably. Grammar focus adverbs too, as well, also 9 Work in pairs. Look at the position of fo and as ‘well in these sentences. Find the same sentences in the article, but with the word also. What do you notice about the position of also? 1. Norwegians can expect to get a good ‘education too. Itis due to the Norwegians’ natural thrift as well. Norwegians work hard too. The country is saving for the future too. 2 3 4 10 W eerie aed ‘also +main verb be + aso auliry verb + aso + main verb sentence + 00 sentence +-as well Also, + sentence For further information and practice, see page 172. Look at the grammar box. Which patterns from the box can you find in the article? Underline them, ‘Then compare your answers with your partner, Rewrite the sentences using the focus adverbs given. Compare your answers with another pair. 1. Norwegians are happy that the country is saving for the future, but they would like to see the government increase spending on healthcare. (as well /also) Most countries have high public borrowing and a lot of debt. Norway has neither. (fo0 /also) Teachers in Norway receive a good salary and if they teach ‘heavy’ subjects, they get extra payments. (50/100) ‘Artists can get a grant - not a loan — from the government of around $20,000 a year and support with childcare. (also /as wvell) ‘The prices for food and drink seem very high to outsiders and fuel is expensive. However, house prices are relatively low and so property is a ‘good investment. (too / also) Nurses in Norway get42 weeks matemity leave ‘on full pay. They have access to the hospital kindergarten when they return to work. (aswell / also) Vocabulary money 12 Look at the verbs below and find the right noun in Exercise 11 to make phrases with the same meaning. pay money = make a invest money = make an borrow more money = increase your spend less money = reduce your be lent money = take out a owe money = have a ‘earn money = receive a be given money (by the government) = Speaking 13 14 Work in pairs. Prepare questions to ask each other about the economy in your country or countries (the cost of living, work-life belance, government spending, government grants for certain professions, etc.). Use the items in Exercise 11 to help you get ideas. Now change partners with another pair and ask and answer your questions, > ED EG > Areronr >» GETTING THINGS DONE > GIFT GIVING AND EXCHANGE > NEGOTIATINGvocabulary domestic help * listening the servant economy * grammar causative have and get * pronunciation the sounds /j,f/, /3/ and / re economy m your counrey > KERNEN OI > Arevorr Unit 12 The economy 11 Pronunciation the sounds /{/, /{/,/3/ and ids @ 241 Listen carefully to how the underlined letters are pronounced in the following words, ‘Then practise saying hem with your partner. fi ‘f 3) 65) carwash chores decision _ change. shelves richer garage college shopper watch pleasure fridge b 4% 2.42 Listen to these words. Discuss which of the four sounds above each one contains, Then practise saying them. agent arrange crampagne cheese choice fashion general January sugar television usual Vocabulary and speaking 12. Work in pairs. How many DIY jobs can you make by matching verbs in A with nouns in B? BNassemble clean El abed acarpet decorate do apicture atap fit fix hang wall some curtains plaster putup some shelves tile ‘the bathroom the garden the roof 13 Look at the flat in the photo. First make a list of all the things that need to be done before you can live in it. Then decide what you will do yourself and what you will get professional help to do. Explain your plans to another pair. > GIFT GIVING AND EXCHANGE > NEGOTIATINGreading an alterns speaking gift ing and exchange ive economic mode! * critical thinking signposts to key information * word focus hard * 12c The gift economy Reading 1 Look at the title of the article. How do you think a gift economy works? 2 Read the article and see if you were right. What three illustrations of the gift economy at work does. the author give? 3 Read the article again. Choose the correct option (a-). 1. The false understanding of human nature mentioned is that we are all trying to: a compete to get as much as we can. bbe individuals. ¢_keep from being hungry. 2. Hunter-gatherers: a had plenty and needed plenty. had little and needed litte chad plenty and needed little. 3. American companies found it difficult to recruit Japanese employees because they: couldn't offer good conditions, b couldn't offer job security didn’t understand Japanese culture 4. The message of the 4th paragraph is that Japanese employers are involved in a organising employees’ holidays. their employees’ lives. the quality of employees’ work According to the writer of the article, the Internet has made it easier for people to: get to know each other. b- discuss problems. give and receive help. 6. The message of the last paragraph is that big organisations need to: a be made smaller. b_ think about the common good. ¢_ give more of their profits back. 4 Look at these pairs of words from the article Which definition (a or b) matches each word? 1 gain / reward a profit b compensation 2. strive / thrive a dowel b doyourbest 3. common / mutual a shared by twoor —b shared by many more groups 4 abundance / excess a toomuch b_ plenty 5 prospects / aspects, ‘a future possibilities b characteristics 6 accuracy / promptness a being precise b being on time 5 Work in small groups. Tell each other what kind of relationship exists between employer and employees in your country. Is it more like the ‘American system or the Japanese relationship? Critical thinking signposts to key information 6 There are certain phrases that act as signposts for key information (just given or about to follow). Find the following phrases in the article and then draw out the key information they refer to. attheheart of... notonly... rather... the main... the real... 7 Work in pairs. Compare your answers. Did you agree on what the key information was? Word focus hard 8 Work in pairs. Find three expressions in the article containing the word hard. Discuss their meaning, 9 The sentences below contain six more expressions with the word hard. Work with a partner and try to guess the meaning of each one from its context. Then compare your answers with another pair. 1m sorry the boss didn’t ike your idea and. preferred mine. No hard feelings, I hope. 2. Fran and Chris are pretty hard up these days. He lost his job two weeks ago and she only works part-time. 3. Hard luck about the job. I'm sure you'll get other opportunities though, 4 Kate's feeling pretty hard done by. The college didn’t accept her because her French wasn’t good enough, even though she’s spending a year in France before the course starts. 5. Don’t be hard on Jake. [t's not his fault he was late ~his car broke down. 6 [tried to get him to sympathise with our situation because we're newly established, but he's a pretty hard-headed businessman. Speaking 10. Work in groups of three, Discuss the customs of gift giving and exchange that you are familiar with. Think about: + specific occasions (e.g. weddings, dinner parties) + visiting people + help and favours + business gifts + returning home after a trip abroadThe banking crisis of 2008 again raised concerns that ‘our economy is based too much on individual geeed, Such an economic model, critics say, comes from a false understanding of human nature, Human society is not made up of individuals pursuing private gain through competition with each other. The real essence of human nature lies in the social bonds that we make through family, friendships, professional associations and local communities, These bonds produce a sense of common purpose and shared values, in which groups of people strive for the things that are for the common good: a sound education, a pleasant environment to live in, a healthy population Ii this idea of shared social interests that is at the heart of the gift economy Gift economies thrived in earlier times when people lived in a world of greater abundance and when their wants we fewer, Stone Age hunter food and did not need many possessions ~ a few weapons for hunting and clothing to keep warm. They helped each other by sharing food and tools without any expectation of payment or immediate reward. But this is not only an idea that applies toa more primitive way of life. Ther many recent examples of the gift economy at work therers had shelter and enough In the past, American companies operating in Japan found it dificult to attract Japanese recruits, even though, compared with Japanese employers, they offered more generous wages, shorter work hours and better promotion prospects. But these factors were traditionally not so important to Japanese ‘employees, who did not think of their services as being “bought, Rather, they felt they were entering into along. term iit exchange’ ~ relationship with their employer, which \was of mutual benefit ‘This relationship had many aspects. At its most basic it involved the simple exchange of physical gifs. For example, ifthe employee got married, the company senta gift and even a departmental manager to represent itat the wedding. creme Pe See rg Another company gift which is still popular among Japanese ‘employees is the yearly company vacation. On these organised weekends co-workers share dormitories, eat together and Visit the same attractions, largely atthe company’s expense For their part, the main gift given by the employees to theit ‘company is their hard workand this is why each Japanese ‘employee gives such great ltention to accuracy, quality in their work and promptness in its delivery. Even the simplest tasks are carried out with extraordinary care Elsewhere, the Internet is failtating the re-emergence of the gift economy. Neighbourhood groups use online networks to share tools and skills. Someone who needs a long ladder to repair their roof does not nced to go out and buy one; they simply put a message up on the neighbourhood discussion board and soon a neighbour will offer theirs. They will probably even help them wit the repair, because helping and giving is part of human nature, Via the Internet, knowledge and advice can be shared on almost everything, from how a nuclear reactor works to how to plan your holiday or build All this is very well, but these are hard times: helping our neighbour with his oof isn’ going to pay the bills, hear you say. But in an indirect way itis. The point is that by stressing the co-operative side of humman nature, the gift economy helps us all. It keeps in check the excesses of big commercial ‘organisations that seek to exploit situations for their own gai, So the big supermarket chains must understand that i sin the common interest not to force small shopkeepers out of business. Big industrial farms must realise that they cannot go on intensively farming the land until there is nothing left in it, Other large companies should not always seek to drive the hhardest bargain possible with their suppliers, but just pay them faiely, That i the real lesson ofthe gift economy,real life negotiating * pronunciation sentence stress in ic jomatic phrases 12d The bottom line Real life negotiating 1. Read this advice about negotiating, Do you agree with it? How does it related to your own experience? 2 243 Listen toa woman who is trying to negotiate a lease on a building for her young business with a letting agent. Answer the questions 1 How much does each person seem to care about agreeing the lease? ‘On what point do they have trouble agreeing? What does the woman suggest to get around this problem? 4 How does the negotiation end? 3 2.43 Work in pairs. Listen again and complete the expressions in the box ecu ‘To be honest, ts absolutely * ‘key thing for us is how long we'd be |> the lease. | was hoping we could ? : Ifyou look at it from our point of view, we're 2 Let's face it, fifteen years i$ your client could * | think what you have to appreciate is that our client's {At the end of the day, i gives them some security. To tell you the truth, that’s why the rent on that ‘That's a bit ofa sticking point. Isthere not some way around that? Perhaps if we signed... then we could pay w. | tftwere in your shoes, think ' just ‘When alls said and done, t has to? you for 4 Work in pairs. Look at the expressions in the box and discuss which are used to + say what the important thing is * be direct + talk about an obstacle to the agreement ask the other person to see your side 5 How do you think each person could have done better in the negotiation? Tell your partner. 6 Pronunciation sentence stress in idi phrases @ 6 244 Listen to these phrases again and underline the one or two words that are most stressed in each phrase. 1 Tobe honest 2. Akey thing for us is 3. Let's face it 4 At the end of the day, 5 Totell you the truth b 42.45 Work in pars. Look at these other phrases Mark the words where you think the stress falls Then listen and check. The bottom line for us is The long and short of it is The fact of the matter is One thing that's bothering me is, To be frank, 6 Am [right in thinking that ... 7 7 You are spending eight months in a foreign country and want to geta car to use while you are there. You see a second-hand one advertised in the newspaper. It seems to be exactly what you are looking for. Work in pairs and negotiate the sale of the car. Student A look at page 153; Student B look at page 155, EEQIZNIENT > tHe economy m your COUNTRY. > GETTING THINGS DONE > GIFT GIVING AND EXCHANGE > [ODD > Anerorr12e This is what I propose Writing a report 1. Work in pairs. Look at this quotation by the French ‘mathematician, Blaise Pascal. Discuss what he was saying about the art of writing «afm sorry | wrote you such a long let hhave time to write a short ong 2 Look at these elements of a good report. Which is the one referred to by Blaise Pascal? clear aims clear recommendation good organisation conciseness 3 Read the report below. What is the aim of the report? What is the recommendation? Tell your partner, ‘Summary ( Ivisted our potential new offices at 1 Paradise ‘Square yesterday, 4 May, and was very impressed. They seem ideal for our needs, but the lease is for fiteen years, much longer than the six or seven we agreed at our last meeting, ‘These are the details: ‘Advantages * 200m of flexible ace space * Low rent ~ only £40,000 per annum, * Central location ~ close to shops and train station * Serviced - cleaning, repairs are included Disadvantages * Long lease — fiteen years * Service charge quite high ~ £10,000 per Recommendation _ | propose taking these offices. We have been looking for five months and these are the best Offices | have geen at a reasonable rent. If wo have to leave before the end ofthe lease, | am Cconfident that the remaining part ofthe lease ccan be sold to a new tenant writing a report * writing skill subheadings and bullet points Unit 12 The economy 4 Writing skill sub-headings and bullet points @ The writer of the report has organised it into sections using sub-headings and bullet points. What do you notice about the language after each, bullet point? b Read this first paragraph of a report on a language training course. Rewrite the report, dividing it into two sections, with subheadings. Then break the points in the second section into bullet points Last month the company sent me on a two- week ‘professional English’ course at Falcon Business Language Training in London, I stayed with a host family in west London, Although the ‘course did not focus on my particular job as an engineer very much, it was well organised. On the positive side, I was made to speak English all the time, both in the school and with my host family. The teaches were very professional and had a good knowledge of the business world. We were put in small groups of three to four students whica meant that we got a lot of individual attention. © Work in pairs. Compare your answers. Did you organise your reports in the same way? 5. Now write the second half of the report including any negative comments and a recommendation. When you have finished, exchange your report with your partner. 6 Read your partner’s report. Check the following: + Is the report concise and clear? * Has it been broken down into clear sections using sub-headings and bullet points? * Does it end with aclear recommendation? REET re econo IN YOUR COUNTRY > GETTING THINGS DONE > GIFT GIVING ANC EXCHANGE > NEGOTIATING >Unit 12 The economy Before you watch 41 Work in groups. Look at the photos and discuss the questions. 1 What do the photos show? Describe each photo. 2 What two identities do you think the caption refers to? 2. Work in pairs. Write down things you associate with Japan, While you watch 3. Watch the video and check your ideas from Exercise 2. Which of the things that you wrote down appeared in the video? 4 Watch the first part of the video (to 02.04), What do these numbers and dates refer to? 127 million 4 35 million 1868 1941 6 1945. 5 Watch the second part of the video (02.05 to the end). Answer the questions. 1 What gave Japan political stability after the war? 2. What has helped it become a world leader in technology, manufacturing and finance? 3. What three things does the tea ceremony emphasise? > 4 Who did painters like Hiroshige influence? 6 Match the sentence beginnings (1-5) with the endings (-e). Japan is a country that harmonises the forces of what is Western and modern ‘The bustling urban area of greater Tokyo is It looked to the West for a new, more modern Although it is a land of few natural resources, Japan has become Beyond the bullet trains and neon of Tokyo, with those that are traditional Japanese. political and industrial model. there lies a rich cultural tradition, the largest metropolitan area on Earth. e one of the most industrialised countries in the world. 7 Workin pairs. by Hiroshige Describe the snow scene painting After you watch 8 Roleplay a conversation between two different generations Work in pairs. Student A: Imagine you grew up ina small village in pre-war Japan. Look at the information below and think about what you are going to say to your grandchild. * what life was like (the work you did, how you travelled around, the food you ate, etc.) + the differences between life then and now * the war years Student B: Imagine you area young Japanese business person talking to one of your grandparents Look at the information below and think about what you are going to say to him / her. + what life is like in the city (the work you do, how you travel to work, the food you eat, etc.) * how you combine modern and traditional life in the city Act out the conversation. Compare life in Japan pre-and post-war. When you have finished, change roles and act out the conversation again. 9 Work in groups and discuss the questions 1 How has your courtry changed culturally and economically in the last 100 years? 2. Do cultural traditions always support economic innovation? 3. Are economic advances always beneficial? Why? / Why not? ‘bustling (ad) "basin/ busy feudal (aj) justo relating toa socal system where most people work and fight for more powerful people who ‘own the land forge (s) faith make someth ng in difficult conditions tite (n) fits’ the quality of being shiny and superficially attractive ‘neon (n) Pnizon a kind of bright artifical light ‘ad (n) eid! a quick attack shrine (n) rain a place where people go to meditate or pray ubiquitous (adj) ubikwitos present everywhere ‘wrestling (n) resin a sport where the contestants try to throw each other on the groundUNIT 12 REVIEW Grammar 1 Read the article and say why Japan has had a problem of relative poverty in recent years 2 Compete the sentences by inserting the focus adverb into the right place in each sentence: ‘When we picture poverty we often think of people in under-developed countries without food or shelter. "But the so called advanced economies of the ‘world have their share of poverty (even). *Japan, for example, a few decades ago was enjoying an economic boom (just) "Yet by 2000 it had one of the highest rates of relative poverty among developed countries, with the USA having a higher rate (only). “One reason was that Japan had one of the highest. rates of non-regular workers (also). This means people who are working without proper social protection. + An increasingly elderly population — people who ‘were not actively working ~ contributed to the problem (as well). Making savings last when you live to be over 90 is a problem that people in many developed ‘countries will face in the coming years. It is beginning to be a problem already (even). 3 Pat the verbs in the right form to complete this advice to people who are longeterm unemployed. 1 CV. The first thing to do is to rewrite your CV and then get it ___ (check) by an expert. Make sure that it includes activites that you have done while you have been unemployed. Interview: Practise your interview technique. Have a friend (play) the part of the interviewer and get them (ask) you tricky questions 3 Appearance. Try to look smart when you go for job. Get your hair (cut) and make sure your clothes are suitable. Again, get a friend (help) you with this 4 Job seeking, Telephone employers and go to see them in person, Show enthusiasm and get them (see) that you are keen to work. Even offer to work for atrial period without pay! Vocabulary 4 Find a synonym or close synonym in B for each word /expression in A. A hard up hang, decorate earnings borrow from the bank reasonable cheap take out a loan income put up nanny poor havea debt ‘owe money 5 Work in pairs. Make a list of luxuries and domestic help that you think most people can afford now and again Real life 6 Work in pairs, Put this conversation between a travel agent (TA) and customer (C) into the right onder. TA: To tell you the truth, they’re not the kind of hotels you can negotiate with. TA: So we're suggesting one week in the north of the island and one week in the south. Is this, the kind of holiday you were looking for? TA: OK.I'llgive them a call and see what I can do. TA: understand that and if [were in your shoes, I think I'd just go forit. At the end of the day, you only get one honeymoon. TA: What you have to appreciate is that you've chosen two top hotels which aren't cheap. C: Iwas hoping we could negotiate the price. C: Tknow they aren‘t, but the key thing for us is to have nice accommodation. C: Perhaps if we stayed at just one of them for the full two weeks we could get a better dea C: Yes itis, but to be honest it’s much more expensive than we expected. 7 Take the roles of travel agent and customer and finish the negotiation Speaking 8 Work in small groups. Do you think the idea below for a domestic service would work? Think of another idea. Then tell it to others in the class \What about offering a cooking service where busy couples can have a meal prepared for them at home rather eating out or buying a takeaway?UNIT 3c Exercise 11, page 38 Instructions + Forma group of three or four people and ask the teacher which product you are going to present. * Tum to page 154 or 155 and read the description of the product. + Together prepare a brief presentation of the product: what it is, how it works, what it is appropriate for and why itis special. * Choose one person to give the presentation (the others will have to answer questions). Think about the questions you may be asked. * Give and listen to the presentations, asking and answering questions as you go. + Take a class vote on which product you think is the best. UNIT 4a Exercise 10, page 47 by art form Reading 6 B a Creative writing SE SPT AE Sa Participation in music sing Pla an instrument tend mu ted ve perorm Listen to music o's & oo 1 Reasons for non-participation I's felt find the tine 54 heats too much 41 UNIT 8e Exercise 4, page 101 * write to the university and ask them to speak to students about being considerate neighbours + threaten to call the police if the students make noise after midnight + havea friendly meeting with the students to explain your point of view * complain to the local council and ask them to put pressure on the university to find another solution Communication activities UNIT 5d Exercise 5, page 64 Aston Homes for the Elderly The National Development Bank agreed a loan of £9 million with the Aston Housing Association (AHA) in September 2009. The purpose of the loan was to convert eight residential houses into groups of self-contained apartments for elderly people in the ‘community who did not want to go into nursing or care homes. Work started in Decembe- 2009 and so far five of the houses have already been converted, creating 40 self- contained apartments. The AHA has sold 30 of these, raising £4.5 million. It has also made repayments to the bank correctly and on time. However, there have been complaints from local residents that AHA has sold some of the flats to people who are not so elderly (one lady was in her late fifties) and that they have allowed people from outside the area to buy them. It seems that the price of the apartments is in fact too high for many local people ‘The AHA now intends to convert a further two houses in the same area and is asking for a further loan of £2.2 million. UNIT 12d Exercise 7, page 148 Student A You want to buy this car. It is a seven-year-old YW Golf and the advertised price is £3,000. It isin good condition but has a ot of miles ‘on the clock’ (100,000). Obviously you would like to get it for less, if you can. The problem is you have been looking for a long time and want to get a car quickly so that you can drive to work each day.‘Communication activities UNIT 3c Exercise 11, page 38 Description 1 Portable Clay Cooler Building upon an ancient food-storage technique, the pot-in-pot system uses evaporation from a layer of wet sand between two pots to help extend the life of farmers’ goods. Tomatoes can last weeks instead of just days, meaning more fresh produce at the market and more income for farmers. Developed by: Mohammed Bah Abba Website: none available Launch country: Nigeria UNIT 9c Exercise 10, page 110 Managers and serio Skilled trades Professional Associate profesional ‘ad technical ow silled Process plant and machine operatives Sales and Administrative and secretarial Personal sevice UNIT 11c Exercise 10, page 134 Ask each other these questions and make a note of the answers, Then look at the key on page 155 to see what type of learner you are. Discuss if you agree with this. 1 WHEN 1 STUDY GRAMMAR | LEARN BEST BY A reading cleat rules 8 writing down example putting tito practice in conversation 2 IN LESSONS, | PREFER A discussing B looking at pictures, maps, diagrams or videos C doing something practical 5 | REMEMBER NEW VOCABULARY BEST WHEN IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY ‘A acleardefinition B animage C ademonstration 4 IF LAM DISTRACTED IN CLASS. I USUALLY [A humorsing to myself B make litle drawings in my book C play with a pen or pencil 5 WHEN LEARNING A NEW SKILL, | PREFER |A someone to explain it tome 8 someone to demonstrate it just to get on with it myself 6 WHEN PM NOT SURE HOW TO SPELL A WORD. | {A say the word aloud to myself B try to visualise itn my mind C write down different versions 1 PREFER TO READ STORIES WITH LOTS OF AA dialogue and conversation B descriptive passages action or adventure [PROBABLY LEARN MOST WHEN IM A listening to others speak English 8B watching an English flm or documentary tying to use English myself UNIT 3c Exercise 11, page 38 Description 2 Sugarcane Charcoal Burning wood and dung, the main fuel sources for ‘many in the developing world, has contributed to deforestation and breathing problems among inhabitants. These briquettes made from crushed sugarcane stalks not only make use of a local resource, they also burn more cleanly and allow residents to start a charcoal business for less than $5 Developed by: MIT D-Lab Website: http: //<-lab.mit.edu /resources Launch country: HaitiCommunication activites UNIT 3c Exercise 11, page 38 Description 3 Water Container In poor rural areas, clean water is often miles away from the people who need it, leaving them vulnerable to diseases found in unclean water. The strong Q Drum holds thirteen gallons in a rolling, container that makes it easy to transporting safe, drinking water ~a task that is usually done by women and children. Developed by: P. J.and J. P.S. Hendrikse Website: http:// www.qdrum.co.2a Launch country: South Africa UNIT 12d Exercise 7, page 148 Student B You want to sell this car. It isa seven-year-old VW Golf and the advertised price is £3,000. Itis in {good condition but has a lot of miles ‘on the clock’ (100,000). You would like to get as close to the asking price as you can. However, it has been advertised for ‘two months and you woul like to sel it soon. UNIT 11c Exercise 10, page 134 Answers to quiz Mostly As— this means you have an auditory learning style. In other words you remember best when you hear things. Mostly Bs - this means you have a visual learning style. In other words you remember best when you see things Mostly Cs this means you have a kinaesthetic learning style. In other words you remember best when you do things or when things are acted out. UNIT 3c Exercise 11, page 38 ee Description 4 Solar Wi-Fi Streetlight The StarSight system consists of a series of pylons that use solar panels power streetlamps, a WiFi box for wireless Internet access, and if needed, closed-tircuit TVs for security lance. The result is an integra:ed system of electricity and communication, plus better street lighting, which has been shown to help reduce crime. | Developed by: Kolam Partnership Ltd Website: http: /www:starsightproject.com Launch countries: Nigeria, South Africa, Turkey ix UNIT 5b Exercise 10, page 61 Questionnaire | HOW SATISFIED DO *EOPLE SEEM WITH THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THEY HAVE? 2 DO PEOPLE HAVE A GOOD BALANCE BETWEEN WORK AND FREE TIME? 3 HOW HAPPY ARE PEOPLE WITH THE EDUCATION THEY RECEIVE? 1 HOW CONFIDENT ARE PEOPLE IN YOUR COUNTRY’S HEALTH SYSTEM TO LOOK AFTER THEM? 5 WHAT KIND OF FOCD DO PEOPLE EAT? IS IT HEALTHY OR NOT? 6 HOW ENGAGED ARE PEOPLE POLITICALLY? 7 HOW OFTEN DO PEOPLE PARTICIPATE A LOT IN CULTURAL ACTIVITIES? ‘8 ARE PEOPLE TOLERANT OF THE DIFFERENT GROUPS IN SOCIETY? UNIT 8b Exercise 10, page 97 1 false 2 true 3. half-true— it does increase life expectancy but no- fone can say how much 4 true 5. false ~ the Zebra fish can heal its own heart, but not humans ~ yet! 6 trueAudioscripts Unit 1 Gu Speaker Its a bit xd because Ise him almost every slay at work. He has ab in the marketing ‘department onthe ith oor an ny office ist the sth floor and oceasonally ust ‘ccasonally, we're asked to attend the same meetings. Ua i strange seeing someone youre close wo ina different context. We've Ben married for seven years, and colleges for longer than that, but we ty not to discs work when wee at home withthe resto the Emily Speaker? We were such go! mats at school and then we went travelling together, but we se each ‘ther very rarely now Bocas Jl lives in Birmingham with his wife and sil live in ‘London The funny thing iit doesn’t mater 1how litle we see each other ~ we're sil great friends. Acually, he never calls me and every time [ell him he says ‘Oh, ve been ‘meaning to cal you forages’, but T dont mind Speaker’ ‘We got on very well s collegues, but never see him outside work. He's one of those people that can alivays make you laugh, ‘whichis ally important in a stessfl work ‘envionment. He's very good at his job too nu Tm always asking for lp for things. G12 es kw that animals ten co-operate in their own sol gr, lpg each ther tohhunt or raise de young Some highly ineigent animal ike elephants, go even further han this and hip other animals ‘who arena in theron fay group. Bat voperation betieen amas diferent Sects nunc so thats eh the try of Sty the orang hs attracted a Sry ives ith his heopers a The Intl Greatly Endangered and Rare Species in Myre Bech, South Carolina, which 2 kind sonar frre anima Recent his tangeutan has made am unlikely fend in Iocal hound dog, Now most dogs aed apes, cause they att scared of them basally but these two ave formed a strong bond Each say the dog comes int the compound and Seteches ot Surv, When he finds him they cry on ke ang ost fends wreting and ging and playing together They ve been doing this every day sine they fiat met and ha endhip has acted th ron of millon of ewes “nthe National Geographic Channel. The founder ofthe init De Ante expan: "sea they are having the me othe ie. ‘Whats more striking hat Sura ha ao Lnderstood thatthe Round dogs ery hry ad so he regularly shares his money ses ‘vith him, Orangstane ae very geneous “reatures I you give onea pace of ean len they wl ben itn half and hand one pce back you Show does he explain the act that hie ‘eatonahip hae ht ofthe characteris of ‘what we il friendship"? Antlesays tha the {vo animals ae falling abasic soil need Ineach ater that perhaps we dont normaly associate with animals is. relatonshp eth eats of fan and interaction that hey are ‘ot geting from anyone ea 613 ‘There are many children lik Bella in China. ‘They admire western brands. They have been spoiled a ite perhaps by thee parents, Often thee children receive a better education than their parents: They are sent o private schools tnd are encouraged to go to university China everyone's hopes an aspirations are being raise by the new economy: 14 G = Greta, T= Tim {GTi hello. Fancy bumping into you hee. How are you Oh hi Greta. Yeah doing fine, hanks Wow: what a surprise Gi: It’sbeen ages. What have you been up 6? Know. IS been fa too Tong. Um. ve ban working abroad for the last eghteen mont. [Anywhere exciting? ‘Yes in Inia actualy. had a contract with the British Council, doing some lescher tesining. 6G: Well, obviouty suits you: you'r looking very tanned and ened 7 Oh thanks is been ot of for, And you? You looking well to. How are things? G: Oh you know: busy av ever I've been completely snowed unde wth work the Inst ew months, uying o get my online shoe shop business off the ground 1 leit going OK? GG: Well you knot as it ups and downs Bat we're geting there p_ And what about Amanda? Do you see much of her G: Yeah, west got iogether now and then, ‘She was asking after you the ater day, actually, ‘Oh. Well | probably won't have time to Took her up this time: im only back for a week But do give her my regards, wil And the next time I'm back, pethaps we ‘an all meet and eatch up. 3: Yeah, that be great. Haw long will you be gone for? Fre ust got to do another vo months ‘over there. Then Fl be Back inthe UK fora ‘while, Tope 2949 G: OK Well give mea call when youre back You've got my number havent you? ‘You fit sstl the same one GG: Yes tis look forward to thats Sarah going out there with you? ‘The hs been with me, but umm. she's Staying bock this tie G: Oh, Well say hello to her fom me Look don't mean to be rude, bat [nes to get back to work but twas really nice to See you. Hope the trp goes well ‘T Thanks, Yeah Fv got to rush too. Anyway, _yeat 0 see You ton, Greta. Take care fd see you soon God lick with the business Unit 2 16 [Az Have you soon the film Senna? 1B: No, I ead a biography of him afew years buick I've heard the film's ely goo What did you think? {As Thought twas fantastic I's 3 documentary essentially, but unlike mest Socumentaris there's no area It jast tells the story of his life though achive footage. Actually im nota huge fan of Forma One soi wasnt realy expecting teenoy it but it’ really gripping B: Oh soit dda’ really give any opinion ‘on whether Senna realy believed he was superior to every other driver or whether Tenet una sometime ‘Ac Noy notatall i eaves you to make up your own mind about hi completely otf the fil focusses on his diving, ‘ae, fom his early wins to his death in 8 crac in ummm 1954, Think t was, For ‘uch ofthe ad this bg rivalry withthe French driver Alain Prost an dey ook sich other ofthe track at criti ie But the fil doesnt say who was ight oF weong although inthe end you come down on Senna se Wel, you say is objective, but ofcourse the viewer's opinion can be manipalated by the director «unt inthe way he chooses eit the il ‘A: Yes, no suppose that’s tae but it's nota sentimental film. Perhaps you fel Sympathetic towards Senna, ‘core seemed Tikes nie guy ummm... be di alot of charity work iis native Brazil ~ but it felt very fir and impartial ‘Bs Wel ha’ very dlternt fom the biography Tread. The writer made his ‘opinion very clear. He was very biased Shaina Alain Post and took every ‘opportunity to tell you so, ‘A: Was it good otherwise? 'B: Will quite good but rather repetitive and fot very ell written But there were 3 fee good ancedoes in. There are Better biographies out there, mn tl O17 Presenter, M = Mark Mowlam, P: Take a bestselling book, a great storyline and add a great cast a experienced Airector anda lage ming budget And ‘what do you get? A box ofice success you would think. Think again. There's no france that a book that has ery {reat success will make a goo lem. Some fim adaptations have wotked, others have Aapped So whats the secret? That was the ‘question {put earlier to fllm crite Mark Mola, who's followed the progres of many book-to-flm adaptations in his time nd has recently reported on the making of ‘Tolkien's The Hos ‘Me Wl the goat really to make a god fn that remalns tre to the spit of the Book ‘There are many examples of adaptations ‘which have failed Because they ted To remain to faith othe plot aod the ‘haractrs af the book. Prably because at the te the prodacers worried that they'd ‘Mlcae loyl readers if they departed Wo ‘much from the original ex. Bu infact that's mistake: what works well on the page doesnt necesaiy work well on Screen you have to give the screenwriter fre to crate a sri tha Bows, even that mears changing the righ So what we find in lot of gown ils “Sense and Ses, The Skiing, fo ‘eaample that are completly unlike the orginal book. And readers ate generally ‘Ok about this because they think of book and film as two separate works of art. But there are films that ave managed to ty true tothe book and stl Be good fms ‘What they've done ~a ite in cooking, Tsuppose is to pu inal the Book's good ingetion’ and then Bll ther dow to 3 ‘centred mixture that's packed with the flavour ofthe original work Probably the best example of this The Lond ofthe Rings tlogy by Peter Jackson. ‘The conta theme ofthe book - which {sa struggle between the forces of good tnd evil= pethaps wast so difficaltAudioscripts portray, but JR, Tolkien created a very frigina ther work! and reproducing that was a mach more dificlt ask, brcause each reader has their own very ‘distinct dea of what this world was lke think Jacko di fae, using the spectacle scenery of New Zealand forthe films locaton. The oer thing out the The Lord ofthe Rings that's a ‘ery substantial work thre Books each Containing over twenty long chapters ~ $0 Jackson fad to leave some elements of fe ory cul, To compensate for this he tok the most important scenes and then put All the emotional fore behind these. The result that thas become one of the mest Sccesfl fms ofall ime, a Blockbuster {hat as grossed almcat $3 bilion 1.10 Steve Winter and Douglas Chadwick, who ‘were working in Kaziranga National Park, had three chose encounters with things all onthe Se day, Belore entering the park, their guide Fad told them not tobe said so they weren't ‘spectally worried, but eaely the incidents ‘Shocked them They knew that ing in the park eas dangerous work, but they hada’ en expecting to mect danger queso soon ‘ora frequen. Butt didnt stop them ‘irying on Gin [was mountain biking with frend in Wales and we'd ust inset long of road climb ‘ut ofthe Dysyna Valley Thad Been eating ‘ir bt nov the sun was shining and we ‘were fein quite warm. Since the est ofthe route was downhill on tarmac rds 1 took off ny bie helt and set oft Sudeniy the road ‘bose very step and the bike picked up poe! quickly. There waa fun ahead inthe fad and | knew Twas going to crash. The bike ‘went sraght toa wal but luckily T flew ‘ver itand landed infield of lng gras, ‘Me Charles Everson and his wife Linda ‘vere driving home from church one Sunday teh a cow all rom the sky and landed fon the bonnet of thee van. The cow which Ih escape rom a breeding farm, had been {grazing to clos to the edge of lif next to {he road and had slipped and plunged 200 ‘When the emengency services acved at the scene they fund the cow dead and Me and Mrs Everson in shock 13 Conversation 1 ‘Ae The bus broke down on the motorway, 50 wwe were all let stranded until help could B: What did you do? [Ar Luckily another bus came within about 15 ‘minutes an we all tanfered that one 1B: That most have ben a rele Conversation 2 [Ar My trousers got caught on the door handle and as walked away they toe B: Ob thats aul {As Yes Thad to walk right across the restaurant back oo able with my hands ‘over the hoe 1 Hove embarrass Conversation [As Tent the key trying to force it into the ‘doo Tock and when Ire to straighten the key snapped. How di you get in? went to the neighbour’, but they weren't at home: So I just ha to wait til someone ame home, 1: Yeah a similar thing happened to me once & & Conversation 4 [Ar The it got stuck between floes 25 storeys ip and two ofthe occupants were Completely paniestcken, What a nightmare! was. Then the lights inthe lit went off tnd one of them started sereaming. 18: Yeh Tthink would have dane the same thing, Conversation 5 [Ae The tyes on my bicycle were badly worn tnd when [hits bump in the rd one of them burs. 1: Poor you! [As Well Teame off and cut my’ hand. Thank goodness there were no eats behind me i: That was icky. Conversation & 1A My computer froze without any reason ‘while Twas working 1: Really? How strange! ‘A: Yeah, I thought I'd lost about four hour work, but I when I rebooted the computer Tcarchea for some of the key words in ty document and I found a temporary file tnhieh ad mst ofthe document int That wae good thinking. Unit 3 1.16 [expect that most of my generation wil live tobearound s hundred years old. Thee are already 12200 people in the UK aged over a Thundred and it's predicted that bythe year 2h that number will have risen to abot one 2 Tink people wil be interacting eth Jntligen machines even more tan they do ‘tow ea this article abot things called Shatote ehich are programs that ean old ineignt converatns with people in chat momsn the lene, Thee programmes sready ei. 3 1 don’t think global warming going to be the problem that everyone sys iis By the trial of tiscentry 1 ink humans wil Fave discovered ways o contol the weather {you think aboot tthe benefits, commer tn otherwise ate o great ~ forage {orstopping natura asters and 0 on tat {sonra matter ome before someane works out 39 a7 Hello everyone one moment, just adjust zy microphone OK, that's btter can {elt hopeful ooking faces out there Ti speaking toa govemmentcommitoe tomorrove an hape they look a righted ‘syn do Let me ust ny thot Fm fai that thon of you rho ave come hoki for Immediate amers to verpopulaton ae fing tote disappointed ut hope can at FEntive you sme cus for optimism. 'm ‘ot gingt speak fr to long bec ike tohear hat you have to say to, but let me telyou ist how [sce the situation 1n 1798 an English economist, Thomas Maths, lated tot te population always faster than the fod sappy unl wat, SSeeor famine arise trace the number Si people A centary and a lf teri 968, ath Ehtch wrote nis bk Te Ppaation a that medical science ws Kopin too trany people alive and tat we hd fale to {Sno the bith ate He predicted that 389 ‘est hundreds of milion of people would Son sare to dent But his bomb was a dud. Yes, medical scencehas extended ie expectancy snd the population carries on growing: around ‘tven lion tay and will probably peak st around nine bilion by 2050. But mass Starvation? I hasnt happened. Why? Because {sence stepped in with Better seeds and better pesticides to boost food production and i's bout to step in again with nanotechnology, “rhich wil tum help us to engineer saer and cheaper fod ‘So wha! about overpopulation? Let me give Yyoua fact if in 2083 there are nine bilo people n the word the population density ‘rill only be ha that of France today Und no one complains about overcrowding ‘here: France the worlds favourite holiday ‘dstinttnt Some ofthe new megacives of ‘Asia might not be such pleasant places to live ut fhe problem is nt just the numberof ‘Beople. The problem is haw people consume By 20% more than a billion people in the ‘developing world wil Belong Wo the ‘global ‘midale clas” Thats a good thing But it wll thea bad thing forthe plane if those people Sart ening meat and diving big cars every Say. Some, ultracautous peopl, say we “ull bringin wartime emergency measures to conserve resources. dont think that's the fnsiver but then Tima scientist at heart even {'m semi-retired now, For me the aneer lies in finovations like biofuels and oer leratve energy sources 1 alkabout these specific solutions inthe ‘second pat of my talk but let's just go back to Malfs fora moment. People, he argued, are bascaly lazy. They won't do anything Unless the are force toby necessity. Bat what cd’ tae ito account that faced ‘ith duster people are not Izy. Mankind {nd science wil rise to the challenge. that iS my sncere belie. Oh, by the way one ‘more thing: the necessity train aves in hal nhieu on 1 Wink leader ate meeting in Geneva tororow to dace the Rae of ‘vepopulation 2 Inte next fee weeks, the government is fing fo ntrouce a fe foreach cd that {Euler have after ther rt wo cen 2. Shit sy that space cloner willbe theamiy soliton for overpopulation inthe sedi erm 4 Doctors have si that in future hey ae noting to spend so! much efor keeping thesid ave. The government wil nunch anew CSuaon programme ter tayo ‘scnrage women to have fewer cide, 6 People wl have to change thei isles if {hor want the word = sours to suppor the roving population in the coming yo Gin B= Bex; $= Sophie ‘Car you give me a hand? 'm having trouble making this map. fon. Fa fst ishing alter. be ‘with you ina second. OK: What do you want todo exactly? 3B: Tmjust making some directions for some fiends who ae staying in our howse next weak. 'm trying to paste this map into a ‘Word dociment S: Are you going to email to them? Because {you could just email them the link map.Audioscripts 1B: No1'm going to prin tout and give it to them when they get here bese ere going away .- The toubie st wont allow me to copy S: Let me hve a look. Oh sce. Ob, t's ‘Google map: you cant select and copy ‘hem, Fm afta B: Oh what shal do then? ‘5: Wall, you've got two possibilities, You ean lth take a sre shot 1 Whats that? SS: Herel show you. Just press alt print screen like this then open 9 new Word document and paste tin. That should do the trick B: Oh, Ise, but is come out very small That's going to be to dificult for hers to read. What else do you sugges? S: Have you ted looking fora diferent map, you do a search, you might find one that copy. I give that a try. Thanks Fee re ask meagan i tat doesn't work Unit 4 124 [A People ae never quite what you expect, rely? Thee teacher tat woe with ss ay gut ay pean reve xpress ve or mposs Real ingroup I worked with her for about a Yer betore foul ot that every weskend the becomes a strc perform 1: What hing of sts performer? [A Well she tums ot be sme Kind of acrobat: he was brought up ina ccs and She sil gets together a weekend with frends and pts on shows of ces sls wth them in pbc places ike busy hopping sna on a Sturiay terme Stet doesnt doit for money ~t for fan. But its ot what you imagine her do trhen youmeet eens Bs Thatsounde ai ike my neighbour He work fora frm of accnentan watches 3 Inet spre, but in is re ime he wes post don't think many peopl have ead, becnune he's ator private, but fe showed me a pou a wile ago Uist he wrote when ite oy was ny hoop and ta absolutly Beal 125 "Nature has done everything for Sydney rman nothing; man has done everyting for Melbourne, nature nothing, a visor to Astra once noted. Herein es the essential “ference between Australia's a largest ‘ites Melbourne is Auntrala’s second sty, Dut thas plenty of fiestas qualities, rom 1 buzzing arts scene to its enormous range of restaurants Itmay have afew grey days, and ‘muddy river instead ofa beautiful harbour, but don’t et that worry you. The lack of ruturalatactons hse meant thot Melioume thas ha to crate ts own man-made snd in doing 9 1 has Become ‘caltural capita. Theatre, musi, Strwt sculpture, fasia in fat, thee are handy any forms of artistic expression which Yo ca ind eel thrive, alongside 2 Semmopolitan mito café, restaurants ard pus. What's great about Melbourne for the visitor show accessbi all hese arts are. As well, {straditonal miseums and galleries ke the National Galler of Victoria and concert halls ike Hamer Fall there ae a enormous rumiser of sulle ae spaces and venues which eater fr every Kind of ase, Ae is not Something fora small minority Infact, fo ee ‘most inhabitants of Melboume a weckly visit tothe cinema ofan art exhibition is 3 routine ‘ent. Several esta ake place during the ‘winter months including the tnernational Film Festival in July and dhe Fringe Festival in September which has loads of interesting (even if not always that good!) comedy, dance find theatre acts Ifthe locals appreciate te a, they shsolutly ove ther spot. Lats of people Sion the wold willow the Aste Fermala One Gra es and the Astralian (Open Tenis eich attracts over hal millon spectators fo Melboue ina civ {tinosphre, but few people wl be falar sth the sports Melbumians temasves Tse: Atrio eles oll and eke enjoy a huge amount of support and i ‘ou have enough ime a via to ee either vel worthy for he atmosphere. you're looking to partis ater than Fst watch, hy not ty of suring 0 Emming?Cytling ging ora i to ne of Malboume’s oun gyms are ter ‘posable All this information isn our reste a hss 0 80 Rave 9 ook a 127 {= Interviewer, W = Will (OK, Wil Fm going to fre some statements st you about what various people say at should be and I want to know which of| these you agree with, OK? Wel» OK. but in already a bit suspicious, because I dot actualy think that shoud’ has lot to do with it People havea very fixed idea about what art ‘should’ be a estain kind of portrait landscape very often. buts anyway, Snyeray Tl play the game, so Les eae what they sa 1. Good, here's the frst one then Art should be something ples forthe ier. We Mmm no, nat necessarily he artist's intention might be to make you fel tuncomrtable, not to give you a arm fecling 1 OK What about this then? Ar should Snort othe porto th ars. WOK thats more intresting but stil the nswer i ‘not necessarily - Monet did Some of his paintings in ive minutes 1: Dad he? dirt know that. That's amazing wel that ts in with the next one, perhaps. Art should noose tecnica! sil ‘We Umm Team think of quite a Tot of ‘examples of successful art that wasnt technol difficult it was ast based on clever idea, OK Art sould hao a soil message oF nak pol pon (We No, certainly otf the Mona Lisa politi I don’t think so, Lak, an [tists ole is simplyto present a idea in {visual form, The ewer oe so ive that effort thir ime and attention and then they cam say either Yes, realy ike eat ‘or That moves me’, or No, 'm afraid that doesnt do anything for me." 128 J= Jake; T= Tom J Hey, Tom, how was Te Lon King? T: Towed i. Tm not generally a fan of musicals J: Novme nether. I never feet particularly Inspired by dhe musie them which should rally be the whole point of them with afew exceptions perhaps. like West Sie Story or Grane which have fantastic music. 50 what was s0 good about it? “Te Well visually ifs absolutly stunning, the ‘opening sere parla All the ails peas debe, ateope “omgryaie on the stage to set the sone, whch isthe plane of the Serene where thestoy takes place And they en the fabulous cones theyre dul cls bat theft at they actually Sem to move lke el animal Everyone inthe audience was spellbound Ji Bute the story the same asin the Disney fn? I emer there were couple of ther annoying characters nthe ike that in who's supp ote tere foe mic eff well a at {think i but ‘Xtal afer wile hey Begin to annoy 1, ent mean Zaza. Yeah know what you can abst that Kind of Disney chatter ~ ten they can get cm your nerees ut this froduction ferent actualy seers Invch more ale than them IPs very trlldone Tou the tory realy moving imum are what about he mic? fsa he se coe a he film -1 think Elton Joh wrote most of butts ll based om Aca thythm and vocals Does relly sound ike my ind of hing On wel ve galt of tne for Elon Jatin. hin ctees the modo he relly well Have you head Cire f Li? Ero, dont think 0 ‘Weim not gong te sing it. anyway [realy commend nt cheap sobutit you get chance you shoul. 1 tea he high prices hey charge for isc these days but octal Tit mind for his one twas worth Unit 5 in Spencer Is aaysbown our dream to have our town place in the countryside wh sl Sint 0 recerly we desde 0 Buy 3 Sal pice of ld te ills We're gang © Iitkd home out of natural materi nd ty tojpenerate our once ting wind and Sold povrer so tat ve won ted fo Buin ny ene electricity fom outside Speaker? [Ath moment a oto students use their nen isto get the university whi is for es Sti he ity and not served by ele Public ranpore So we hope that hs nee a Ee eth ane ranning every hl an hou ‘wl help rece ta congestion around the “river and also redace polation Speaker "think this is the first mobile device fer Simultaneous rnsstion. le iatns to the Speaker ard then displays tranlation of ‘hat heya saying diecty on the screen oly incedie Tl transform communication between people speaking eiteent language. 1.32 ‘There used to hea lovely residential area right in the ty conte Buin the 196 the Toes authority decided to redevelop itas shopping distict Ths invlved demolishing fll the houses and making way for huge car parks so that shoppers from out of tow could patk their cars What's strange shat no one feally considered opposing the iden athe time, Even the residents scemes to accept thatthe ares had #0 be modems. you proposed converting houses into shops on Richa big scale today, don't think you would breallowed todo es eetAudioscripts “Anyway the result was that they spoil the ‘characte of the entre. People shopped there Inthe daytime bu at night everyone avoided {going there Because i became a centre for ‘Sug dealing and crime. Now, 50 yeas ater, the local authority wants to transform into a mised ares again by building new homes, The {roubles that nt are so high that onary ‘people ike the ones who were moved out ‘nina can't aflordt ive there any, 1.33 © I Know you like exotic places —have you teed visting India? ‘As Twas just there actualy — in Kerala in the south-west. was intending to go on © tour other parts of India, but Kerala was so fascinating stayed on Were you on holiday? Nov. well i was meant to bea holiday, ‘but ctl tamed into more tha hat 22 Sider hon do rege changing my plans {Tee eid Oe po at ited ow an arile abe ifr te rewspape work or Realy! ica tel ae? Not ely mor soctlogcl:T gs. Teepe Geog iistereeiane pire Ret a faded worth Gere ireeal strate ag pepsin od fe areage incite Exh abou $0 a yur Usaly tat sold mean peopl having aly poor Solio eb tat the ese. In Re Rovla sands ut ea Kindo model elec developer. Th popstar Fishy iterate ee relbedsed an ty ‘Sm gute wel compare 0 ther Partel nd eye Realty an ve Tet as long a Americ J Europeans items ta hlat morally aso very ow Als rote, who've mn yea bee he eae ie Sousa conn oe very active and oval partipats nso Min fat ely nering teebr ging herewith aye inthe Tope Bat eee at ou ony posers eeeaveyeencien Fomutin pee wih gorges bec oe Ingoone ‘A: Wa course that’ the pro it that (Cul ie operd a ing But targus ot scesy te active Iwovid we: vena, he mtn cy, there me stopped vi a ingian Femme ebro ghee aia rea nest Hafod vey petal ete ty meer ep tinge ‘tt cen sls on te Buc or fruten ‘fdomenatatas "some medic wadents ee ieee ree recente! eee as Oey ease tceeetl (5 ea tly bd en [think Te fst sat he Keres ‘erally tran prope: you ed ‘Rim Male and Cian sing fey seh tr Eee eaten treet tyler ce acl sceti tn porerment Eo rcted slot i eal aed dean {nd gosson investing ot Th an is trail rte and elronried = ealfecer ere eee) tone wasted wich ee oy ei iaeecees mie ze ze © Sounds fascinating. Please remember 9 Send me a copy ofthe arte when published Gf cours wi 135 acl; A= Anna 1= sable OK, Anna, belleve you've prepared a rit Summary ofthe Howard Park projet {na Yup. Wo! you jst ike tae ws through the main pnts! As Narste Wl the Howard Pork prjct ten fo years ago, We agreed ona {hela authority 2750.0 fo redevelop Speen space nthe Howard's il an af iy. The am was to give he acl resident ne pti fs al but ls Some new reeaton facies 3 min gl ours tenner, smal a and {thew cdr’ play are, The pay area seas in ter conton fall of bb twas actually quite dangerous So bere sre are to years wal progress have they made? Wal they've done» good ob ‘cleaning the are up they've plant tres an fine gress ooks mech, mach beter They aso bul the a sd the cube’ play aru: However nye tho de somethings that werent part tthe ongal plan For sample, ty ve Slt fountain near the a Sd i ‘onthe ago they also bought a cue, St cont of 000 place nea he iontin, Now hey ve rn out of money tn are asking for new fan of £250,000 {Complete the tenis cons ond ingot ourne’ What do you Bink? 1: Tryou askime, ats completly wrong ‘They've Been spending money on ings they had right to. ot ink we souk give them anther penny 1; Well hang ona minate Lets nt bet Is Tagiee that Uey should have fold ts abou hee oter changes. But we need {S consider if they ae he spit othe niga aims of he project A: Tht wally depends on the opiion of the loa sient. The way fee fs probably good thing if resident like it St t means theyll se the park more. 1: Wall jut find Warogant of them, essay 1: OR to what ought we to do? Personally, "don think we should len hes aby ‘more unt ve know seat ol people {ink ofthe work they ve done ea: ‘As Yes Pd go slong wit hat We ned a ask hen fo cond survey of loa pinion Sa hen show us the ele actly Are we all groed on that then? {ce I guess 0 yen hat ocems far To me I unit 6 9136 Tony et the eek haliday a yea 01 always choone the places got careful try gotoplaces with dramatic scenery ‘ext ual places can take inet ct to thes, butt’ generally worth it ve vite a tee ce ott ny tine in Scandinavia but oe de Gace something spel sel ‘work of at The frites tings a al Ihade of ee ees even an echt In {helobby and he walls are coated with tates Carved out oft snow Once the in goes dvr and al te coloured lging Inswlched on the fet stung But ther isa but Tm afl ara plas togeta ‘coral night m not sure fl ecormmend {2 hnow sounds obvious, bu the place relly cold, Unies yes have a sana Before ig to bed youl probably wake up the igh feting chilly ven in the special minus 40 degre sleeping bags you are given. I guess Fa bit ike high class camping if you lke that kind thing 137 = Presenter K = Katie Sarmuel Py Now, have you ever thought of doing 2 iit of building work during your boidays? (Or helsing to Took after an wildlife ecerve? You probably though that Sort of vacation was for eighteen year olds ‘on ther gap year did't you? Bul it ses ‘more and more working adult are opting, foe vonter vacations, With ts tay is Katis Samu, author of Gad Tel « {guide o alternative holidays Katie, Lan ‘Seo that this might attract afew people, but for mest of us, who only geta few weeks cffa year. wouldnt they prefer a mone relaxing option? Will, hat depends very much on how Your valuntee vacation ts organise. The {ood companies in this fl are certaaly onc the fact that this should be 2 revarcing tavel experince and not ust ‘work trp, 1; Bat isthe whole pont oft to go and Tend hand o pope nme of help sot rellya hllday as we know sie 1: Well r, perhaps its butts more Bike whi weal Wave shouldbe abo a cular experience where each side gives Something and takes something & good txample fa programme next to Kenya's ‘havo National Park where volunteers Ip lal peopl to find ways of making ‘living that don’t invalve poaching or Kilingocal wide So they help them planteops, ull fences, develop ideas for {ouratsinesss an pon In ret the locas ke them for bush was which are ke min-safrs, tach them about local ‘ili tale about the Nstory of hee ‘ommnity But the volunteers pay forthe tip, don't they? : ofcourse they ave wo pay fr their arfaes, thei living expense ard Sein to coer the gana ess And do you nee fo be qualified ‘unto imagine organisation dont rant peopl turning pt teach bud or Water whe haven dos of what hey hing do ey? K: Again depends. There area few project eich are only ep to people trth profesional experiences tam ike people with a media bckground but Forthemost part, volunteers canbe tained toda tie work, Tn Cultura Restoration “Tourism Project (CRIP), which helps o restore cultral heritage site round the ‘word gives volunteers the chance work ith ca architects and artists. They have aproect restoring» S00-yearold monasery in Nepal where you can get training ing wal pings rom 3 ‘wor amos pate So, you could actually come back witha skye dint have when you kt? Abney. might not be asi you ‘vere again helping to oto ik ipl nie thas protin Zambia lly tobe of diet ose ‘ou bask at the office the UK, but weal iit fom neve an cifrent experienc, swouldt you agree? Yeh im aur ha’ tre. So could you tell tsa bit more aboutbuy and use fewer goods Inthe UK we sing huge pipes and tankers. think if more {vow away athindoF the ood we uy we people hough and acted ike me, things ‘only bougt the food we relly need, this would not ave come to this point, you know. McHi Tm bverestedin helping out on the | outd't happen. Umm ryt aac the Great Continental Divide ts immer My ae Oe ihe 24 frend dl four days ast summer Ian Tight when yeu leave the oom OF Umm = Erika; A= Andy, J = Jane; R= Ralph woth fr just a ew days, can't walking somewhere instead of aking the Av Esk what do you thnk about al fase J Absately: Anything from todays o two GarThe secon thi sto reuse. Mend things people who say tat there's no pro hat months {hatare broken. Think how youcan reuse ot Elmate change is man-made? Mi Thats great Ihave about aweek in June. things, such as those old jeans you Urew out. OK Te you my poston dont know How much does it cost to tae part? Tyo hadn't thrown them aay, you could IWelimate change man-made and T'm not sfc. hhve wom them the next time there was some Sure anyone at say for sure Let me give Sorry? Don have to pay for my gardening or decorating odo. And lastly youan example. umm. a analogy accommedaton’? ‘eye Only uy products that ae made Imagine you were losing your hair and J No,its completely free. Youjust have to Of eyelable materials: ike glass bots or told you that some people had found that register by filling outa form and sending it Cetnin platen and when you have finished they atea banana every day it prevented tous. ‘vith tht, fake them toa ecycling pint OK __hairlas: Even tough you had no pro cant do that online, a ‘that's thee things to remember: re, Itworke, you would probably ty eating Sare, you can. I'son our website You've use ape plcaen cet eee al visited our website, haven't you? Me¥es,Tvehad a quick look And where on 2.2 the trail can work? isthe same with global warming, We son know tha we're eausing it but some ous es one eee 4, Rew Stay Nas, Wyoming Tr a atagten er Mz Don't you have something in Colorado? [ve in Manchester, which is probably one bea lithe more careful in how I polite in That's where [ive ‘of the wettest places in the URI had been ‘case they're right Je Yes, we do. We have spaces in Winfield youight up somewhere like Saharan Afric, At Mmm. well don’t accept that. I used to and a few in Mount Elbert. ‘where I had to walk miles each day just believe in climate change, but the last few 'M: And you give training first, don’t you? to fetch water, I'd obviously be a lot more winters here in the UK have been much i its. ee abe casino rey, conscious of water conservation, But I'm ‘colder than normal. To be honest with you, opecilic. Wiv'se looking for a chef at afraid Idon’t set a ‘example ~ er... 1 T'd believe it more if | wasn’t getting up in Ronen Nou dram ido Me ing tatnntag aloe cot ne ve yout when I brush my teeth and so on. Clearly ‘of my windows rather than the outside. we {sihuewartohepbuidsore A a ee ‘trails. ‘but I know water conservation is important, ‘You know, regional temperatures may be twouldn'thave tose so much enengy eating, cay on ris Mutrto make tdesn: Ando course tut Js Mmm Look thers no doubt that the ‘would be more environmentally rend. ‘weather's changing but | don't belewe man-made problem. I's ust part (M14 Paul this is Malcolm, your host. You ‘mailed me about staying next Thursiay fora couple of nights, ae ‘fa natural weather ye Onis hla ns for geting ask Gem fom the United Arab Emirates ead ee nL ae font uy tes Gag pans ui Oy an you ne ‘M:No, thats all fine. [just thought I'd gives wrong If desalination methoxls didnt exist ‘your holidays, but actually that's not the you a cal to explain how to get here, this country would not have been able to ‘eason. I don't believe it simply because no eee Beech tn yeu deesopinbe wy thas Novedsae we Rab doris sin Ba ‘geting to Hamilton, frst of all? ‘ater in our homes more or less a8 we'want We're approaching this debate all wrong 1: Emetning ny uincomeine inthe. But donne con coin ie totes Ss eeemek an fern ie Yee ewan deacon TG sain tems Po [M:OK. [wanted to pick you up, but my car’s process isa kind of brine with a dangerously eee aeaT cane atthe garage tha one conomle prblem a scl prebim, even Hey tats in of you but ean make my Song ming cores ae ak Smeal bem MeO Mel matwork‘latout ve ity water Thea pecan oer Pes yn Sofee free to come over any time afters, lant that can grow with seawater If we were Unit 8 P. That sounds perfect And how do get to” fuse more of these, it would give our natural Ay 2.7 ‘you from the town centre? fresh water springs a chance to recharge. N = Newsreader; M = Martha Cash ely could jtgetatod butts about Speaer 3 Nanni hunt pars of ist Soecidimettstte ent it Sete ane Utd es farses the Une of tans ‘ront techno. Altrateyyoucan ep Amertae {ond Ym ply asthe ease Rye en lpi nin of he Gatuwsinyencctokewbree Cacriteihas croimetet mnie, wives gir’ tt hyn rar Sony Ck ru onjourightand gt Webiqewnaa he Corde yer deestt_ ay it us ape Frome Cry Hcghe sarater” Semi eso Meco 00 yeas covert mens Seen mrieron eo ght up Ring Spo" aor wide—youd.” Me Chins pl feng fas ohave Sousemct incamewuGey {eacsndeneitem touted cri oni ha eh tat pty Fond theemn thing nt peme scl Skins t-te aso sgt Seay aioe te sua ir fell coe itindine Stetvertasbem danmedondfivetedin, cheyenne mere rae p Sihutsdincy CreievalcupKingttovoiss pos sng ioe tomgse desl en hong sone sone Gry Hog ond afom ee Yadptiiecnp water peop ving Shier make int ward Going o meop Callen you get tthecrsoadsat nue let eata/Nevadssnfeaiioms. en sof eune sens meee Gay Rend Calsswethongethewoywethkatoutfntsep ns pup Bt no nce OC Tatsounde peat. gst | atransop Sasso mach he ver wil fae nt paren we an eid inany way tye tut Seagate mas thy pear amie pert Gheticagctalacadtey gree ey hen Saying nel ot M:Great See you next Thursday then. Bye (To merc ‘uring thei childrens fist ays at college eS mene mepegun "ema eaectarealenet erates ‘a recent visit to Wuhan in the centre of ane MuntThensmallopabicpannthee 8 ann the cn (Omani ies Rdowthavets Cina we wines fed G21 save water, but want to, you know. I collect ‘ene: mass adult skeeprin on the Fae en aS, Sey gn ieee us ‘0 if you always keep these thee things pre rh re ag in the West to find parents so involved ‘in mind i's actually quite simple to make a in rater than runming the tap» Twashmy Ni hilen's education and lives difference to your own personal consumption _ dishes every other day. Bul pow government when they are already adults, but as an ‘of natural resources, Number one and most are discussing big projects for transporting at, sl auneene, od Gantt ‘important is reduce. In other words, try to ‘water from one part of the world to another a 7 hap but be impressed by iAudioscripts G2 And finally it was thought tha the Lage blue buttery was extinct in Britain, but ‘ses fo have made a remarkable return, The large blue, which disappeared 30 yeas ago, ‘nly found in certain figs, What these Hels Ave in common i that their grass wery short because rabbis, sheep and cows graze ‘hore: Onginlly tas believed that gy butterfly unters had hile off the lage ble buttery, bu its now agreed that changes i farming techniques were responsible forts dlecine: Asa result of recent eters to protect its naturl habia its estimated that around 20,000 ofthese beatiful creatures will Be seen inthe British countryside this summer ‘Ana nally researchers lieve they may have found acre or atest some rll for the commen cold tests twas epried that people who sated taking zine ate fin Sig ofa common cold go well sooner There have been many previous tues io the eectvenss One but they were Inconsve The rew std, valving over {people of warns age found tat on average people who took inc supplements ‘covered tom her cols one doer than thone who bok hing The efiecvenes of fine in preventing co inthe is place was ies cern although # was said tha hase ‘rho tok fru sufeed less serous Symptoms ta me who ci And finaly, believe itor not ening chocolate ‘might be pe for you afer ln the past tk ‘eos thought that etng sweet rol eal in tooth decay and pting on weight But now it is claimed that anew chocolate riveted by the world’s lange chocolate maker cn Stal show the pcg process of your sin ‘Thespecia chocolate contain antcldanty eh hep hydrate he sin and fight ‘eines. The marke or aly foods has {gown by over ive per conta oar in eet Sum and scm tow tat een the sles of redial unhealthy sacks are ying to get non the act However doctors have warned ‘ast ashing out Yo uy each “Np akin and chocolate ae not gener ratral partners ay “And finaly, Cont Rica today has th honour ‘beng raed the work’ happen ‘Aconting to th atct Happy Mant inden, itis ad that Cota Rca hate est lance ‘ot human wel being = tats sy, od ial ong ela levels of pore and Sow colic footprint in ter words the mount of natural meoures uses ac iin American coud tok nine fhe kop ten places while rier so-called devel ‘outs ike te USai number Pere mich farther down nthe 2.10 IER ame rae aan soeeics 1 ete cea eet Soe ae ene em Sore eect 1 ieee eee ca Sa area pera ly 2: Thepoice? wan't hat serious, wast? Wal. The care dnt cosh or anything ‘But Tara says that they ott oftheir cor ana stared arguing She ecko tht the polce hat arrived here would have be igh Dil the crs make contact? No. they were ist coming in opposite Alrections and they met where hese ies narow and nie one would reverse {o et heather pass So thy jist stayed ther nthe mile of the tnd eth nether one giving wy. Towed ‘ah iis athe Someone sa they'd sen ‘ne ofthe devers boone Apparent hes a {oct polican Tewa' Tra ting her facts mined up ain wan 1: Not wan Chis Hthink take bis word ® 5 v7 7 forts he's not the type to spread gens. ‘So what did the police do about st? Wl, according f0 Chis, they took them ‘oth away Yor questioning =~ surprisingly unit 9 623 Both the mahout and the elephant start their training ata young age A mshout generally Ho eam his ade when he's aout ten yenrsold ands asgned a aby elephant {olook after Hel publ be pane! th ths ephant forthe ret hs ie = tray fy de, witht ing passed down frm one generation to anotite There aro formal guaiications forthe jo but extreme patience noe. Anclephant wil lar upto 6S commands initsite= depending o what work its ‘expected fo do and the mula hs to teach hese. The mahot mas ako develop intimate undertondingo is phan Samathing that only conte with te and txperience so st he knows hen i's sick Srranhappy In this way he con ge the best ‘ut of scephant ifs very physical ob and ‘extremely hard work. The elephant munt be Tedand bated diy and watched so that t Alea rum away G24 [Az Do you know this photo? B: Of couse. It's the fst man onthe Moon, Nall Armstrong The guy who sid "That's ‘ne smal step for man, one pint leap for mankind ‘A: That's what everyone thinks, but actually l’shis fellow astronaut, Buze Aldrin. Net Armstrong tok the phot ~ you can see his reflection n Akins visor. But youre right Itwas that mission: Apollo I in 18, Bs Amazing to think that was over 40, ‘years ago But what happen! o Neil Armstrong after tha? ‘A: He probably toured the world geting paid huge amounts of money for pubic peaking at corporate dinners and vical ‘openings and that sort of thing, 2.16 Can you tellus something about the [Emerging Explores programme? ‘x: Ian award scheme setup by the National, Gangrapc Society to encourage young, sdventurers,sientists, photographers and Storytellers fo continue their work and to realise ther potential Each year beeen fight and fifteen explorers, whose work Is rally oustanding are selected and given ‘money to help thee continue their esearch and exploration @: So Emerging Explorers ate generally young, ewe are they A: Notnecessarly Emerging Explorers are serlly people who ant at analy Sage of thee cancer: What hy have in ‘ommon shat they are all people who are Pushing at the boundries of i el that that's exploring undiscovered they are always misbehaving You am tell them fe times to sit down before they do. 13 Where Iie in India, is commen fo Young children to work, Kid tl depend Sn thelr parents, bur they havea diferent ste fo responsibility Just as hirer Inevery culture play naturally, 0 children fn india naturally assume responsiblity for ‘working and earing money. G22 Different people's diets arly surprise me these days We did se to thik so much bout chat we ate. But today Jman age where people are just very conscious ‘oftheir diets. A day hardly ever pases Without a story in the news about a particular Food that's good for your health of bad for you Hf you eat wo much of So was very interested to read a story the ‘other day about the diet ofthe Nechatan’ tbe bf the Nicobar Islands in the Inion Ose, People used to think that these tiny islands — which ane abou 0 miles from the coast of India that they were uninhabited by humans But in 200, aid workers helicoptes sped Some rbeapeopie ona mounting Seictints were particularly surprised that there wee ihabas theve, Because people {Sully ed mamas you know coves, fais and so on and tha produce = mest, Fk etter in onder fo ve. But the Nicobar ‘lands have alost no mammals. So what tree the Nochman surviving on? Fh, perhaps? No. Amazingly ther de const [Sigel of mets in pata beetles, of whe here ere ve 170 vars on The sands, bt aso other necting Spiders This presente problem forthe aid workers, ‘who. brought wid them standard suri Teas clang chicken, bet andl pork. The Nochnans rho werent uscd to ing meat ‘tal were dagunted by thes offerings. Al they ake fom the id workers wee sets and cakes wasn usta matter o ase ther If youre sed toa cern ype of ood en ins ther 9p ay Becompeely indigent Insets te infact very mattis: igh in protein and at and lowe in arb drt, ating them an dl food sour for humans Butt wa ever more amaring as that just ts we usualy help our animist ive by providing food for then so the Nochean Eat certain fad mosses to atot Sal fo the insets hey eat Perhaps we can ita tom tis tbe. M more of ws could pet {ead tenting ncenentional ends such tirect tight help the work's food Preblems 225 M= Maries = Esther [Ms know of hen painting as a custom rom Inan weddings. but You came across it fn rk, dat you? Yew intern Tukey when {was ling here takes place few nights elon he wing Was a bile en nigh? Wallin the sense that mar he ast evening that a ride pends with female ‘ly Sn ends, suppose tt Iie that What happen typical the ‘rome sm bot amin Be ote ‘vith the re to celebrate ith mas ng and dance: But Hs jst a ary ite anocasion for aude to, because itsymbolises the ent fife as single proton and the start of another stage 226 Mx Marie E Ether o what happens exactly? Wel te onc beg with preparation Df the henna, traditional fortis a be done by the daughter of a couple who have had a succesful marrage themsclves. ‘Then after the bride's head fas Been covered ina ed veil her hands and feet Sre decorated with henna. After tha, a {old coin fs put into the remaining henna {White this is happening, the guests sing lum separtion songs =the are ‘ather sad, as you can imagine. The party ‘ontinaes wel into the night Tea, on the rmoming of the wedding a child presents the hennaed coin to doe groom asa symbol ‘of future prosperity and good fortune 227 Me Marie: = Esther Mel know of enna painting 8a custom from Indian weddings bt fou came acroe it in Turkey dida't you? : Yes in eastern Turkey when was traveling there. It takes place a few nights before the wedding ‘Me Wa tabi like a en night? Wall inthe sense hat marks the Last evening that a bride spends with female family and friends suppose iti abit lke that What happens typically the ‘women from both aries ge together, wth the bride, to celebrate ith music, Song and dance, But ifs not us «pay Ivs.an occasion for sadn to, Because it symbolises the end of ie as a single peteon andthe sae of another stage So what happens exact? ‘Wl the ceremony begins with preparation bf the henna t's Wacttinal for thin tbe tle by the daughter of» couple who've had a succesful mariage themseles. Then, after the bride's heed hasbeen over inated vel her hands an feet fre decorted ith henna. Aer at, 014 coin put into the remaining henna, ‘While this is happening the guests sing "umm separation songs these are rather sada you can imagine: The party ‘Continues well into the night Then, the morning ofthe wedding, acid presents the hennaed coin the groom asa symbol fof future prosperity and good fortune Unit 11 230 We rely on our intuition al the ime, Let me sive yous couple of examples Imagine you're {Bing to buy a second hand ea. You have {sie gasp of car mechanics. o, fist you ‘Consultan authority on the subjet ke a motoring magazine. You dea bit of research to find ot shat the Best kindof cri and ty 0 pick up some tps from experts and journals. Then yo study te facts about the car =~ how big the engine Is, ove economical itis and Sovon and make some remsoned adgements ftom the information you red about whether i'sa suitable cr for you or not. In other ‘words, you process the iormation But when it actually comes dover to buying 2 prrticula car frm a particular person, then inthe end you have to fst your instinct {ut eling, DoT trust his person? Is ar of Fis age going to give me any touble? No one ‘elsecam anne these questions. And that’s frow its with many situations in if. Ove Knowledge i aely perfect enough to mean ‘recat make purely objective decision 231 came interested in growing my own ‘vegetables afew years ago becuse I Was [ate of hove expensive vegetables were in the shops Ieaso struck me that lo ofthe ‘vogtables We buy ar imported. It occurred Tome that if more people grew their own, twe wouldn't have to import so many Tas realy ignorant of the subject ~ I could grow {thing but luckily Tmanaged to discover & fantastic Book writen by roman called Joy Larkcomy That was six Years ago and it's become more than a habby. Te never crossed ny mind that I would become an expert but row Ip a lt of neighbours coming 4 ask me for my advice 232 Do thse situations sound familiar to ou? Hae ay of thee things haps 9 You? ou ere about 0 gve a speech make a Comment atsmecting ad then your mind trent blank ou were supposed to send a tend mcard forthe by bot ten 98 forgo You recogrised scone nth set nd would have spoken to them, but Yo mzAudioscripts dict because you couldnt emember het ‘ame You promised you would post tr forsomeone an wo day ner You fund i sulin your pocket Yo were gong to wie clown rete you hd, when you found a pen ond pape, the Ken had ge ‘could goon, but | wort because insure ‘very recone thew como falas of remy 2.33 an ane a ae =o an = on =o one ooo ooo =n oo =o [an on 234 thes situations sound familia to you? Have any ofthese things happened 1 ‘You were about t give a speech oe make a comment ata moeting and then you mind ‘went blank. You were suppesed send rsd» cond for der birthday, But thn You ‘orgot You recognised someone in the stat and would have spoken to them, bul you Aide because you couldnt remember thle ame. You promised you would posta leer for someone and too day later Yor found ik sillin your pocket. You were going t rite Sow 9 great ea you had, but when you found pen and paper the idea had gone: could goon, but won't beets Fin sue everyone reogeises dhe common files of Everyone would like to remember mone but would it actually make us any happier? 1 anol you the sory of -earld ‘woman from California known in medica ihc A mene very day ference the geo 1 Se that a 134 pmo Sands, he Stat ona young man che was ‘traced alld he onthe eephone, She ‘erento he 2" Marck of 32 Stehad neh wie ater at the Bevely Het i ke cen sel at tvokasong menos As cnc Simulated the mow ier way dates. Soja si rie ee eer Sa Sane. et eee sai. eyes Benen eas, eee a est eee Sounrians ste eine. ee ae ii eee eer a {Sn he pris olds set tn inSaapn cer etiatellscoeses ae prota won than those of people 100 years ag Mec scence is trying address the problem of memory aed hss what {wan 1 ak Bourne.” 235 Do these situations sou farliae to you? Hlaveany of thse things happened to you? ou wer atotio gives spec or mate a Comment sta meting acter your mind trent Banke You wer supposed sed» Fen carder thelr, but hen you Mou recog sonore inthe set etre ten tuys Aida youu remem tic fame You promised you would post seer forsemeone and to day tr you oor aillin your pocket You were ging owe Glowma pet iden you had ut when yor Teanda pen and paper hes fad one 1 ould gston bt wort teense en sise fveryone recognises these common fares of ‘memory. 237 ‘A= Ahmad; L= Liz ‘A: Hither, in inerested in taking a cass at yourellege umm. the history of at Lr Isthat the two year Aievel course? ‘ory, what do you msn by level? 1 The Aevl art istry cour. two year [Preaniversity course with examinations st theend ofeach year "A: Oho, no, «don't want to take any exams Its jst for interest. LE OK Inthatease, we have acne year at ‘hs Sry Could you speak up hear you very wel 1: You we haves one yea art appreciation AA: Umm ..can you explain what the course evolves? 1: Yin I's two hour class once a week and, basically teaches you how to Wook atart so thal you get the mos rom the spent ‘A: No, sorry 'm not relly with you. Ave you ying that itdacsn' seal deal wit the hnstory of at? L: Now there's some history of arin it of course, but it's mainly leaming about tumpesition, techniques, references and so A: Hinm .. Could you give me an example of, the kind of ting students do inthe class? 1: Sure. Typically student look a works ‘fart an then comment on thes. Then they told more about the atist what he ‘or she was uving to achieve and then they leokat their work gain, with ies eyes ‘Mann, OK. It sounds quite interesting What was the course called again? ‘Act appreciation, ‘And when it? Every Tuesday ~ in term time, tha is— from 7 pam. t9 pam. sorting on one mute. yeah starting onthe 29 of Septemir The cot i £58 for the eat, Uurless you're a registered student [As Hang on a second: That's to much to take inal at onc. 'm tying to write it down 1 didnt catch the start date: Did you say the 29" of November? 1: No the 29" of September ‘A: OK. Well thanks Tl have a think about it, butt sounds good, L: No womies, bye Unit 12 239 Povery ia relative concep. For some people being. poor may mean not having enough eat: ers consider themsclves arp i they fant lfod ogo on holiday, Much depend of couse on the cost of Ivng inher words how pricey basi goods and services are In the UK one definition of poverty that you spend more than ten per cent of your earings ‘om energy = that the gas an lctty You we m your home. The trouble with this kindof definitions that something like energy might be mich more reasonable in one ‘county than another So sometnes poverty 5 ‘expresed asa percentage of average national incomes for example, you en es than 60 ‘er cet ofthe average, You are classified a poor Wealth is also a rative concept. Iwao dows neces men being onde tnd srrourded by unuriestwo careand a Seconc home in the country. Westh can ase the measured by people's quali of hie You an beconsidere ich if you have all that you heel the basic necessits a god work Balanes and happy aly ie 240 1 Interviewer; D = Davis tiles 1: Thirty years ago the des of getting a ‘worker to hand wash your car won have bean unthinkable except to the very rich Etter you washed tyoursll at ome on Sunday morning or you tok it down to theautomatc carwash at your lac garage Nowadays, you cn have lt washed inside and out By 2 team of willing and ape ‘workers fr as itl as 65.5, whats ‘hanged? Ihave herewith me David Stes, ‘uth of Te Sersant Economy. Davi ane ‘west getting to lary todo our own domestic chores this par of some new ‘comic phenomenon? rer 2Audioscripts : Wel frst ofall hello and thanks for Inviting onto your programe tr. 0, yes in ansier to you question, Sid that in Britain today there are more ‘workers doing domestic jobs than there were in the 19" century “um .. perhaps as many as two milion: gardenets, namics teeters. And this 3 direct consequence of globalisation and the freeing up of the Tabour market You se, many ofthese workers are migrants in the case of Britain mosly Easter Europeans. iam and think that in capitalist economies, Stay rate the richer clases wll always provide employment forthe poorer clases A the Victorian satirist Hille Belloc famously sid, it is the duly ofthe wealthy rman to give employment 0 the artisan Yes but thats the pont fn A 1oe-centuy syle servant economy actually ‘emphasises the inequalities between ich Sand poorin a sciety De Well hmm. yes itcan do, but it also creates employment. You dont have t be ‘specially rch to havea cleaner come once ‘week and tidy your house. Quite alot of ‘working people do tha. Alot of so-called ‘ordinary people get thir windows cleaned fevery few mnths But there are some fer. rch people who get into their Teil that they re oo busy or important to-do any’ domestic chores So they hie 4 personal shopper, and have someone. walk their dog everyday. thee having 2 party at home, theyll get an outside “tering company to prepare the food. I Know some pope who even have their room and then decorated for them, That really fa satement of wealth 1: Him. itseeme more a statement of confused protest me. Walking the ‘dog and decorating the Christmas tee are supposed t bea pleasure, aren they? Ds Min ofcourse, they ave. But look at ianather way- these ave all hing dat create employment, As long assaf or trented well you know, es employees, not {as servants-and are faiiy paid and their Ske ae valued, jst as you would show respect to your hairdresser when you get Your hare then I dont see 3 problem 2403 ‘As letting agent; W = woman TTArSo, you've hada Took a the offices, What ‘do you think? W: Well yeah, I ell ike the building, To be honest t's absolutly perfet for ur nee LA: Thats wonderful. So you'd lke to take t then? W: Well yes dally I would but. mmm a key thing for us is how long we'd be ted into the Kase LA‘Tr Isa fifteen-year lease, think that was on the details sent you W: Yes twas but was hoping we could negotiate tat down. Because if you look at itirom our point of view. we'te a young brsines mm we dont realy know how things are going to go over the next fev years. who dots? sand let's face IU nftcen years a big commitment So if your client could move bit om that LAH «I think what you have to ‘ppreciieethat our cen’s main concern, ‘Mo secure a ental fora ressonable Tents of time. You know, atthe end of the day it gives them some ecu. To tel you the rth, thats why the rent Solow. The fifleen-year period isa Kind of compensation for that So Yim not tall Sure we gong to get anywhere there WiOh... thats bit ofa sticking pint then, fait Is there not some way around that? LAGE. Notthat ean think of offhand ‘What did you have in min? ‘We Wall perhaps if we signed iften-year lease but wth a get-out clause ater 9 sx year, then we cult pay some kind of forfeit to gett of the contract LA: Um ll the normal fret woul be that you paid the emaiing nine years rents 1 ont ely think that woul work ‘W:Oh, Le, Well, that's ashame because really like t and we need somewhere prety unger LA Look, we have other people itenested in ‘the premises 50 someone wil take If [were in your shoes ou know and found the terms ofthe lease df, think fast leave it When all's said and done it has to fel right for you. ‘We But thats jus the problem it does fe ight for us Give me a moment. Tm us ging tocall my busines partner and sce wt he thinks LA:OK no problem