Muhammad Nur Khusyeni

21010118410010

1. PROBLEM 9

DIKETAHUI :

b = 610 mm As 3 D 29 = 1983 mm2

h = 910 mm

crack spacing = 450 mm

cover = 50 mm

L=6m

F’c = 40 Mpa

Fy = 420 Mpa

P = 500 KN

𝜙 = 28 x 10−6 rad/mm

Pl 500 x 6
M= = = 625
4 4

a. Flexural Stiffness
M 625 x 10^6
El = = = 2.232 x 1013 N
ϕ 28 𝑥 10^−6

1 625 x 106 2
b. ∆ 𝑚𝑖𝑑 = ( 𝑥 𝑥 3) x ( 𝑥 3) x 106 = 84 mm
2 2.232 x 1013 3

Deflection at the Third Point

1 208 x 106 2
∆ 𝐿/3 = (2 𝑥 2.232 x 1013
𝑥 3) x (3 𝑥 3) x 106 = 12,444 mm

c. Strain in bottom steel at mid span

C = 0.85 x 40 x 610 x a = 20740a
T = 1983 x 420 = 833157,7 N
833157.7
a= 20740
= 40,171 mm
40,171
y= 0,85
= 47,260 mm

c = h – (cover) – y = 910 – 50 – 47,260 = 812,739 mm

𝜀𝑠 = ϕc = 28 x 10−6 x 812,739 = 0,022
 Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010

d. Slope at Mid Span

𝑏M 1 625 x 106
𝜃 = ∫𝑎 𝐸𝑙
dx = 2 x 2.232 x 1013 x 3 x 1000 = 0,042 rad

e. W = 𝜀𝑠 x crack spacing = 0,00131 x 450 = 0,589 mm

2. PROBLEM 10
DIKETAHUI :
b = 350 mm As = 113 mm2
h = 650 mm
cover = 30 mm
F’c = 40 Mpa
𝜀o = 0,002
𝜀c = 0,03
Spacing = 100

b” = 350 – 2(30) = 290

h” = 650 – 2(30)= 590
2(290+590)𝑥 113 198880
p” = = = 0,011
290 x 590 x 100 17110000

3+(0.29x40)
𝜀50𝑢 = (145x40)−1000 = 0,0030

3 290
𝜀50h = 𝑥 0,011 𝑥 √ = 0,0148
4 100

0.5
Z = 0,0158 = 31,471

3. PROBLEM 11
DIKETAHUI :
b = 350 mm As = 113 mm2
h = 650 mm b” = 250
spacing = 100 mm
cover = 50 mm
F’c = 40 Mpa
Fy = 420 Mpa
Ps = 0,011
 Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010

ɛo = 0,002
ɛc = 0,033

0.011 x 420
K = 1+ 40
= 1,115
0.5
Z = 400,003+ 0,0130+ 0,002 = 36,087

4. PROBLEM 12
DIKETAHUI :
b = 500 mm As = 113 mm2
h = 500 mm
spacing = 100
cover = 30 mm
F’c = 40 Mpa
Fy = 420 Mpa
Fyh = 345 Mpa
Ps = 0,011
ɛo = 0.002
ɛc = 0.033
b” = 500 – 2(30) = 440 mm
h” = 500 – 2(30) = 440 mm

flx = px X 345 = 3,345

fly = py X 345 = 3,345
flx 1.858
𝑓′𝑐
= 40
= 0,046
fly 1.858
𝑓′𝑐
= 40
= 0,046

F”cc = 1,75 x 40 = 70 mpa

70
ɛcc = 0,002 (1+5( 40 − 1)) = 0,0095
70
E sec = = 7368,421
0,0095

E c = 5000 x √40 = 31622,776

31622,776
n = 31622,776− 7368,421 = 1,303
 Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010

5. PROBLEM 13
DIKETAHUI :
b = 600 mm As = 113 mm2
h = 900 mm Dia long bar = 25 mm
spacing = 100 mm Dia transverse = 12 mm
cover = 30 mm
F’c = 30 Mpa
Fy = 420 Mpa
Fyh = 345 Mpa
Ps = 0,011
ɛo = 0.002
ɛc = 0.033

b” = 600 – 2(30) = 540 m

h” = 900 – 2(30) = 840 mm

2 (540+840)𝑥 113
𝜌𝑠 = 540 x 840 x 100
= 0,006

Ae = 540 x 840 = 453600 𝑚𝑚2

Ac = 528 x 828 = 437184 𝑚𝑚2
16x3,14 x (25)2
𝜌cc = 4 x 453600
= 0,017

Acc = 437184(1-0,017) = 429618,095

453600
Ke = = 1,055
429618,095

fl’ = 0,5 x 1,055 x 0,006 x 345 = 1,252

1,252
𝛼𝑠 = (21,2 – (0,35 x 30) 40
= 0,334

7,94x1,252 1,252
f’cc = 30 (-1,254 + 2,254 √1 + 30
− x 0,344 x 30
= 52,754
52,754
ɛcc = 0,002 x (1+5 ( 30
− 1) = 0,009

Ec = 5000 x √40 = 27386,127 Mpa

6. PROBLEM 14
DIKETAHUI :
b = 300 mm As = 113 mm2
h = 500 mm Dia long bar = 25 mm
spacing = 100 Dia transverse = 12 mm
Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010

cover = 40 mm
F’c = 27,5 Mpa
Fy = 345 Mpa
ɛo = 0.002
ɛc = 0.033
b” = 300 – 2(40) = 220 mm
d” = 500 – 2(40) = 420 mm
2 (220+420)𝑥 113
𝜌𝑠 = 220 x 420 x 100
= 0,015

Ae = 220 x 420 = 92400 𝑚𝑚2

Ac = 208 x 408 = 84864 𝑚𝑚2

16x3,14 x (25)2
𝜌cc = 4 x 92400
= 0,084

Acc = 92400 (1-0,084) = 77654,233 𝑚𝑚2

92400
Ke = = 1,189
77654,233

fl’ = 0,5 x 1,189 x 0,015 x 345 = 3,213

f’cc = 1,189 x 27,5 = 32,721 Mpa
32,721
ɛcc = 0,002 x (1+5 ( 40
− 1) = 0,0038

Ec = 0,0038 x (2400)^1,5 x √40 = 19052,048 Mpa

0,734 x 100
0,0265+0,0035 x (1− )(0,015 𝑥 345)2 /3
ɛco = 420
= 0,0062
√40
40
fi = 32,721 x (0,25(32,721) + 0,4) = 7,275
0,002
ɛi = 1,189 (1,4 (1,189) + 0,003) = 0,006
32,721
f2i = 32,721 x (0,0025( 1000 ) – 0,065 > 0,3 x 32,721 = -2,124 < 9,816
f2i = 9,816 Mpa
ɛ2i = 2(0,006) – 0,0062 = 0,0064
7,275
Ei = 0,006 = 1142,131
9,816
E2i = 0,0064 = 1516,104
19052,048 x 0,0038
A= 032,721
= 2,270
(2,270−1)^2
B= 0,55
-1 = 4,332

C = -0.023
D = 219.876
 Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010

7. PROBLEM 15
DIKETAHUI :
b = 400 mm As = 1474 mm2
h = 600 mm Dia long bar = 25 mm
d = 550 mm fr = 3,5
cover = 40 mm fsu = 600
F’c = 40 Mpa Z = 150
Fy = 420 Mpa Ec = 30000
ɛo = 0.002 Esh = 7000
ɛsh = 0.006 Es = 2,0 x 105 = 200000

200000
n= 30000
= 6,666

Ag = 400 x 600 = 240000

As = 3 x 491 = 1474
600
240000 x ( )−6,66 𝑥 1474 𝑥 550
2
Ct = 240000+1474
= 275,783
400 x 6002 600
Icr = 30000
+ 400 x 600 ( 2
- 275,783) + (6,6-1)1474 x (550 – 275)^2 = 7,834 x 109 mm4

Now the first point of 𝑀−𝜙 curve can be calculated as :

3,5 x 7,834 x 109
M1 = 600−275
= 8,457 x 107 N-mm
8,457 x 107
𝜙1 = 7,834 x 109 𝑥 30000 = 3,6 x 10−7 1/mm

Point just before Cracking

8,457 x 107 𝑥 275
ɛc = 7,834 x 109 𝑥 30000 = 0,0000992

Set top 𝜀𝑐𝑚=0.0002

Try 𝑘𝑑=192.5 𝑚𝑚
550−192,5
𝜀s = 192,5
x 0,0002 = 0,000371429 = 371 x 10−6
3,5
𝜀cr = = 116 x 10−6
30000
116 x 10−6
X= x 192,5 = 112,291
0,0002

Fc = 0,0002 x 30000 = 6 Mpa

Fs = 371 x 10−6 x 2,0 x 105 = 74,285 Mpa
Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010

Cc = 0,5 x 6 x 400 x 192,5 = 231000 N

Tc = 0,5 x 3,5 x 400 x 112,291 = 78604,166 N
Ts = 1474 x 74,285 = 109513,392 N
192,5 2 x 112,291
M2 = 231000 (550 − 3
) - 78604,166 (550 – 192,5 - 3
= 7,824 x 107 N-mm
0,0002
𝜙2 = 192,5
= 1,03 x 10−8 1/mm

Point No 3 (𝜺𝒄𝒎=𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏)
From Hognestad’s model
𝑘1 = 0.417 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘2 = 0.35
Try kd = 182,5 mm

550−182,5
𝜀s = x 0,0001 = 0,000371429 = 201 x 10−5
182,5
3,5
𝜀cr = 30000 = 116 x 10−6
116 x 10−6
X= x 182,5 = 21, 291
0,0001

Fs = 201 x 10−5 x 2,0 x 105 = 30 Mpa

Cc = 0,417 x 40 x 400 x 182,5 = 913230 N

Tc = 0,5 x 3,5 x 400 x 21, 291 = 14904,166 N
Ts = 1474 x 30 = 593726,455 N
2 x 21,291
M3 = 913230 (550 − 0,35 𝑥 182,5) - 14904,166 (550 – 182,5 - = 4,382 x 108 N-mm
3
0,0001
𝜙3 = 182,5
= 5,47 x 10−6 1/mm

At Yield Point
420
𝜀s = 200000 = 2,1 x 10−3

Try 𝑘𝑑 = 170 𝑚𝑚, using law of similar triangles;

2,1 x 10−3
𝜀cm = x 170 = 0,939 x 10−3
550−170

Now using Hognestad’s model, 𝑘1and 𝑘2can be calculated as :

𝑘1=0.53 𝑘2=0.384
Cc = 0,53 x 40 x 400 x 170 = 1441600
Ts = 1474 x 420 = 619171,875
M4 = 1441600 x (550 − 0,384 𝑥 170 = 6,987 x 108 N-mm
0,939 x 10−3
𝜙4 = 170
= 5,52 x 10−6 1/mm
Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010

Point beyond Yield Point (𝜺𝒄𝒎=𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑)

εcm 0,003
= = 1,5
εo 0,002

Now using Hognestad’s model, 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 can be calculated as :

𝑘1=0.7527 𝑘2=0.4145
As 1474
𝜌 = bd = 400 x 550 = 0,006

0,7527 x 40 0,003
fs = 0,006
(0,003+ )
1474 x 425
kd = 0,7527 x 40 x 400 = 52,024 mm

Cc = 0,7572 x 40 x 400 x 52,024 = 626542,968 N

M5 = 626542,968 x (550 − 0,4145 𝑥 52,024 = 3,310 x 108 N-mm

0,003
𝜙5 = = 57,66 x 10−6 1/mm
52,024

Point beyond Yield Point (𝜺𝒄𝒎=𝟎.𝟎𝟎5)

εcm 0,005
εo
= 0,002
= 2,5

Now using Hognestad’s model, 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 can be calculated as :

𝑘1 = 0,7316 𝑘2 = 0,4824
As 1474
𝜌 = bd = 400 x 550 = 0,006

0,7316 x 40 0,005
fs = 0,006
(0,005+ )

:
1474 x 455
kd = 0,7316 x 40 x 400 = 56,673 mm

Cc = 0,7316 x 40 x 400 x 56,673 = 663398,437 N

M6 = 663398,437 x (550 − 0,4824 𝑥 56,673 = 3,467 x 108 N-mm

0,003
𝜙6 = 52,024 = 88,224 x 10−6 1/mm

Point beyond Yield Point (𝜺𝒄𝒎=𝟎.𝟎𝟎7)

Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010

εcm 0,007
εo
= 0,002
= 3,5

Now using Hognestad’s model, 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 can be calculated as :

𝑘1 = 0,6369 𝑘2 = 0,5460
As 1474
𝜌 = bd = 400 x 550 = 0,006

0,636 x 40 0,007
fs = 0,006
(0,007+ )
1474 x 455
kd = 0,6369 x 40 x 400 = 66,547 mm

Cc = 0,6369 x 40 x 400 x 66,547 = 678140,625 N

M7 = 663398,437 x (550 − 0,4824 𝑥 66,547 )= 3,483 x 108 N-mm

0,007
𝜙7 = 66,547 = 105, 188 x 10−6 1/mm

Point beyond Yield Point (𝜺𝒄𝒎=𝟎.𝟎𝟎9)

εcm 0,009
= = 4,5
εo 0,002

Now using Hognestad’s model, 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 can be calculated as :

𝑘1 = 0,5175 𝑘2 = 0,6263
As 1474
𝜌 = bd = 400 x 550 = 0,006

0,5175 x 40 0,009
fs = 0,006
(0,009 + )
1474 x 455
kd = 0,5175 x 40 x 400 = 79,230 mm

Cc = 0,5175 x 40 x 400 x 79,230 = 656027,343 N

M8 = 656027,343 x (550 − 0,6263 𝑥 79,230) = 3,282 x 108 N-mm

0,009
𝜙8 = 79,230 = 105, 188 x 10−6 1/mm
Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010
Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010
Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010
Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010
Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010
Muhammad Nur Khusyeni
21010118410010

Gambar Ex. 6-4: Kurva tegangan-regangan untuk berbagai parameter, yang dihasilkan menggunakan
Kent dan Park Model (1971). Perhitungan ditunjukkan dalam contoh untuk kasus kiri atas.