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FEA K Factors PDF
FEA K Factors PDF
ANSYS Conference
W.D. Growney
Engineering Specialist
Eaton Aerospace, Conveyance Systems Division
• A – Area
• F – Force
• FEA – Finite Element Analysis
• Kt – Stress Concentration Factor
• P – Pressure
• σmax – Maximum Stress
• σnom – Nominal Stress
Kt = σmax / σnom
σ(lbf/in2)
800
600
400
200
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Distance (in), from hole free surface
• The graph depicts the stress gradient for a finite plate with
a central hole and a uniform stress gradient
• The uniform stress gradient is the nominal stress (σnom)
• That would exist if the stress concentration were not present
• σnom for a finite plate with a central hole is simply:
• σnom = Pend * A1 / A2 or σnom = Fend / A2
• σnom = 320 lbf/in2 * 0.09375 in2 / 0.0625 in2 = 480 lbf/in2
© 2008 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Area Under Stress Gradient Curves
Stress Gradient
1000
Uniform Stress Field
σ(lbf/in2) 800
600
400
200
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
• FEA model
– The max stress (12,242 lbf/in2) occurs adjacent to the beginning of the fillet
– For ease of calculation (known cross-section and moment arm) the Kt is determined
at the beginning of the fillet where the max stress is 10,900 lbf/in2
– For pure bending σmax = MY/I = σnom (stress if Kt did not exist)
– σnom = MY/(bh/12) = 1.500 in * (1000 lbf) * (0.500 in) / ((1.000 in)*(1.000 in) / 12))
– σnom = 9000 lbf/in2
Fy = -1000 lbf
• Stress Gradients
– The area under the pure bending stress gradient is:
• AKt = ½ σmax * Distance to neutral axis
• σmax = 2 * AKt / Distance
– Using path operations and integration, the area under the
Rect_Bar_Gradient curve is:
• AKt = 2166.30 lbf/in
• σmax = σnom = 2 * AKt / Distance = 2 * ( 2166.3 lbf/in) / (0.5 in) = 8665.2 lbf/in2
Table 1 – ANSYS Integration Operation Results (AKt ), Rectangular Bar
Rectangular Bar Stress Gradient
12000 S σx AKt S σx AKt S σx AKt
Bending Stress (lbf/in2)
• FEA Kt
– Using the FEA smax (10,900 lbf/in2) at the beginning of the
fillet and snom from the area under the curve, the FEA Kt
for the square shoulder with a fillet geometry is:
• Kt (FEA) = σmaxFEA / σnom = 10900 lbf/in2 / 8665.2 lbf/in2 = 1.258
• Analytical Kt (Roark)
– The Kt using the analytical formula from Roark is:
• Kt = 1.222
• Error (formula to FEA):
• % error = {(Kt(formula) – Kt(FEA)) / Kt(formula)} * 100
• % error = {(1.222 – 1.258) / 1.222} * 100 = -2.95%