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Mod I Hawthorne Studies PDF
Mod I Hawthorne Studies PDF
TheIlawthorne
Dxoeriments
Frederick J. Roethlisberger
Softri R9dnted bt permissionof dr. pltlishe ton Nlan s|lrnr dndMmL bt r I. RoetlLnb€lss,
canbddse, MN.hsetar Hawai! univesirr ?rd, cdptnghr e) t94L br L\e ?mide.r 3nd Fcllo{s of
Harurd couecej o 1969by t J. R.{htLteqei
142
'Itu Hd@r[mE4.rtm6 143
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TheH@.hm Exlailmb 145
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tos were happl beGuse th€ir coDdi' slonses would be unin{uenced by so'
d@ of work v*e beins imprcved, dEy elled "psrcholoci€] lacto6."
were eaming more hon€t and they ln onltr io ttrine dris abolr, the invee
vere objec$ of considerable aitention ticaroE did evel]thinc in ihen lower to
6@ to! hmgement. But llen one in' secue the conplete @opention of Lhen
v$dgaror-ne of those torsh-ninded subjecs, wiln the tsuLt that alnost a1l
fellovHusssted dEr they rsrore the rhe !€ctics comon to rhe shop weE
orisinal condnions of Nort, that is, so alteled. The oFeratois {ere consulted
back to a tu1l forty'eieh.hour $eek about |he chans6 ro be nade, and, in'
without rests, lMch€a and what not- deed, seveEl plms *ere abodoned b€'
Thn was Pe.iod Xll. Then the haply cause fiey met with rhe disapprovai of
stale of affain, when crerythinc was tie CirLs-They were qlestioned synpa.
going along as ir theo.eticallr should, thetically abou! their reactions to the
wenr sour Ourput, in$ad o{ raking conditions imposed, dd mdy of th*e
the expecrednosedive, minrained is confererces rook place ia the ofice of
lhe srperimendenr. The gnk vere al'
Asaifl dr invesrisaro$ were fo.cibLt "bogey"
iored to talk at wo.k thei! rs
reninded thar hu@n sitlations are elininated. Theii lhysical healfi and
1i!eb ro be compld. In my hunm siru- well-teing becme naft6 ofgrat @n-
ation, whenwer a sinple chdge is inte- cem. Their opinioN, hopes, ed fears
duced-a !e{ pause. for exanple- were eageiy soughr. VlEt happened
othei chaneer, mrnrd md mmrici' was thar h ihe very piocss of setting
lated, may also be blought about. What the conditiom fc the tst-a so'ol1ed
i am sating here is very simple. lf one "contolled"exlerinent theexperi-
exleriments on a $one, rhe srone does menten had compleely aftercd &e so-
rct know it is being experinerted cial situailon ofthe r@m. IGdvertendt
upon a1l o{ which maks i! sinple for a chsnge had bem ntoduced ehrch * s
people experinentins on nones. But if 6r nore ifrpotant thm the llmed ex-
a humd being G being expednenled lelimental imovationsi the cutomary
upon, he is likely to koov u. Thereiore, supeNision in |h€ ron had been .evolu'
his aftirudes rosard ihe e4enment dd tioni*d. This accouAtedio. the b€!!e!
toward the experihenteE lecome rert anituds of the cirLsand thei. ihploved
inportdt factoa in deremining his re,
slooses ro rhe situaiior,
Nov that is whar happcned in the
Relay A$enbly Te$ Roon To rhe in- TIIE DDVELOPMDNTOF A
vestigalo6, it vas e$ential rhat the NEW AND MORDFRUITFUL
workeis cii'e their full ad whole' POINT OF VIDW
heded c@pe€tion ro L\e expeinmL After PenodXil in theReiayA*embit
Ther did nor wer the oleGrors to $ork Te$ Rooh, the inleslicltoa decided !o
harder oi esier dependinc upon rheir chance their ideasradlcally. What all
attitud€ roward lhe conditior: thar vere rhen exlennenrs had dGnali@lly and
inposed. Ther wanted theh io rork as concLusivelrdenotrtated was dre im'
ther feh, so that they could he sur l}lat porance of employee adtuds and sen-
drc dltrercn! lh]Eical conditios of wort rinens.It wascLearthar $erespo.ks
vere solelr esposible for rhe vadarions of worlers to what wm happening about
jn ou+ur. loi each of _,ie *pelinental rheh vere dependeAt ulon the signii-
challg$, ther wanGd subjss wh6e rc' (hce tF,eseeventi had fo. them. in nos!
146 Modwlion
:T:::*w""H'h"'
tlins. k js $nethhg ivhich anyhe who
has had sone concrcte experience in
hmdlmg orher p€ple intuirively rccog,
i:;Inufi;l;f,
Whether or not a pe.son h going ro EXPERIMENTS IN
give hc srvices vhoLe,heartedly to a INTERVINWIIIG WORKERS