INFLUENCE OF POPULATION DENSITY ON ENVIRONMENTAL

CLEANLINESS OF JODIPAN TOURISM ENVIRONMENT IN

BLIMBING DISTRICT, MALANG CITY

Projek paper

Arranged to fulfill of Envrionmental Science Basics guided by Dr. Sueb, M.Kes

Will be presented on Tuesday and 30nd April 2019

By
Group 3 Offering I
Adinda Nur Safitri (180342618036)
Fika Cahya Lovely (180342618012)
Suci Yana Lestari (180342618026)

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG

FACULTY OF MATHEMATHICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
April 2019
 THE EFFECT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON JODIPAN TOURISM ENVIRONMENT IN
BLIMBING DISTRICT, MALANG CITY

Sueb1, Adinda Nur Safitri1, Fika Cahya Lovely1, and Suci Yana Lestari1
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang 05 Malang 65145, Indonesia
Corresponding author: sueb@um.ac.id

Abstrak:  Population density is generally called a population bomb. An increase in population, which
eventually infuses the face of the earth, will cause a series of major problems, one of these is the problem
about the environmental clean level. The purposes of this project are to describe population density, to
describe environmental cleanliness, and to know the influence of population density on environmental
cleanliness. This research is classified as descriptive correlational research. The data analysis that we
analyze uses linear regression because data is normally distributed data. The result is a value of 36,668.
This figure is a constant number which means that if there is no population density (x), the value of
consistent   environmental   cleanliness   (Y)   is   36,668.   Whereas   b   which   is   the   regression   coefficient
number   is   ­19,078.   This   number   implies   that   for   every   1%   increase   in   population   density   (X),   the
environmental cleanliness (Y) will increase ­19,078. Because the regression coefficient is negative, it
can be concluded that population density (X) has a negative effect on environmental cleanliness (Y),
which means that every 1% increase in population density the environmental cleanliness will decrease
by 19,078.

Keyword: Population density, influence, environmental cleanliness.

1. Introduction
Humans have tried to understand the relationship between population dynamics and the environment
since the earliest times[1], but Thomas Malthus's essay on the Principle of Population in 1798 is
credited with launching studies of populations and resources as scientific topics of inquiry[2].
Malthus's famous hypothesis is that population numbers tend to grow exponentially while food
production grows linearly, never quite in line with the population and thus produces natural "checks"
(such as hunger) for further growth. The level of population growth is very important to understand the
relationship between population and environmental conditions[3]. Population growth is determined not
only by well-documented effects of average environmental conditions[4], but also by more complex
effects of environmental variability[5].
Recently, the neo-Malthusian argument (which is based on the belief that raising people's living
standards is impossible without limiting population growth) remains based on the assumption of a fixed
resource base and, therefore, from the main "carrying capacity", the maximum number of people for
which an area can support the endowment of a given resource, the use of resources, and the level of
consumption[6]. From this legacy, the current theory has emerged about the recursive state of high
population growth, environmental degradation, human fraud, and the destruction of the resulting
ecology, including deforestation[7].
Population density is commonly called the population bomb. The increase in population, which
eventually packed the face of the earth, will cause a series of major problems. Every human being is
inseparable from a variety of needs, ranging from the basic to the complementary needs, while all of
these factors can only be fulfilled if the cycle and natural resource reserves are still sufficient and
sufficient, but it will be different if the population growth rate exceeds the cycle limit or the amount of
reserves of sources of need[8].
The increase in population is always followed by a high rate of population growth. This causes the
need for goods, services and shelter to increase and demands additional facilities and infrastructure to
serve the needs of the community. However, nature has limited environmental carrying capacity. The
ever-increasing need will cause the use of natural resources to be difficult to control. The uncontrolled
depletion of natural resources results in environmental damage[3].
Increasing population every years is likely to have an impact on the living environment such as:
sewage disposal, clean water supply, garbage disposal, sewage disposal, animal houses (cages). As
happened in Blimbing District, Malang City. Blimbing District is one of 33 sub-districts in Malang that
are classified as densely populated and have a high rate of population growth. The purpose of the study
was to determine the effect of population growth o-n jodipan tourism environments in Blimbing sub-
district, Malang city and efforts that could be made to deal with existing population density
problems[9].
Human life cannot be separated from nature. To maintain its survival, humans exploit nature.
Increasing population means increasing living needs. High population density will put pressure on the
carrying capacity of the natural environment. When the pressure exceeds the limits of the carrying
capacity of the natural environment, it will damage the environment. Conversely, an environment that
is preserved in its sustainability will greatly support the survival of a society[5].
The availability of clean water is one of the basic ingredients that is absolutely needed by humans of
all time. Increasing population causes an increase in water demand. In general, urban water needs are
met by PAM that flows water to people's homes. However, the more densely populated the population
causes the rainwater infiltration area to decrease. If the process of losing water is allowed to continue,
at some point in the end the soil water content is so low that its potential energy is very high and causes
plants to be unable to use ground water, while plants are needed in terms of the oxygen needed by all
living things[10].
Making artesian wells for housing complex needs, resulting in traditional wells drying up. In
addition, densely populated residential areas often provide only a few open areas as rainwater
absorption areas. Areas that are tightly covered by paving and concrete make water unable to seep into
the soil, so that when it rains water just flows through the surface of the soil. As a result, the water
reserves in the soil are decreasing longer so that in the dry season it often lacks clean water. Clean air is
an absolute necessity for human survival. Clean air contains lots of oxygen. The more population
means the more oxygen is needed. The increase in settlement results in higher levels of CO2 and CO in
the air, so it can be understood that the higher the population density, the more oxygen needs. The
increase in population is followed by a high rate of population growth. This causes the need for goods,
services, and shelter to increase sharply and demand additional facilities and infrastructure to serve the
needs of the community. However, nature has limited environmental carrying capacity. This continually
increasing need will in turn cause the use of natural resources to be difficult to control. The
uncontrolled depletion of natural resources results in environmental damage[6].
 To achieve equal distribution of the population in achieving economic and ecological balance,
transmigration from islands that are densely populated to islands with low population concentrations is
implemented. On the other hand, some social observers argue that the implementation of
transmigration that has been carried out so far seems to be merely an attempt to get rid of people from
overcrowding. Although there are those who succeed, in general there are only failures, complaints,
screams of feeling removed. However, it was polished in the name of the development proclaimed by
the government. Among those who were migrated through government programs, it turned out that not
a few returned home. They feel unproductive, not humanized after being in the transmigration
destination. The relationship between population and environment has become a key factor that
contributes to the international development debate[11]. Rapid population growth and the resulting
population density put pressure on ecosystem service provision, and interactions between these factors
tend to increase in the context of population growth and climate change[12]. Specific components of
population change can also be influenced by the quality of the natural environment, environmental
hazards and creeping processes, such as salinity intrusion and arsenic contamination of water and soil
resources. Environmental migration contributes to the loss of population in an area and may even cause
population collapse in certain areas of the delta, because abandonment of settlements is the primary
coping strategy for vulnerable households[8].
Family planning is a way to create a happy family prosperous, but it is also a way to help the
country achieve its national goals. KB can prevent population explosion, poverty, and other problems
Through KB, the number of children can be planned and the range of pregnancies between children can
be arranged so that the number of children can be more suppressed and can reduce birth rates while
suppressing the population explosion. Some experts say that the carrying capacity of the environment
has been exceeded by population density. As a result, the balance of life between humans and their
environment is disrupted. The disturbance will lead to a more severe and detrimental situation, if there
is no effort to fix it. From the description above, it is clear that there is a close relationship between the
human element in relation to environmental sustainability[12].
The family planning program is a basic social program that handles five aspects, as reflected in law
No 52 of 2009 concerning Population Development and Family Development which includes
regulating pregnancy, maintaining health and reducing maternal, infant and child mortality, increasing
access and quality information, education, counseling, and family planning and reproductive health
services, increasing men's participation and participation in the practice of family planning, promoting
infant breastfeeding in an effort to narrow the distance of pregnancy. This means that family planning
programs are not just trying to control the rate of population growth, but more important is improving
the quality of the population[13].
Concern for the environment will be able to improve the environment which has been partially
damaged by overcrowding. This concern can be done by reforestation, restrictions on industrial land,
waste management so that it can reduce the number of pollution, and so forth. Limitation of industrial
land also needs to be done, this is because industrial land established by the government is currently
increasingly narrowing agricultural land even though basic human needs can be obtained from
agricultural land. The denser the population, the more garbage will be produced. With good waste
management techniques will be able to reduce environmental pollution so that environmental
sustainability will be better maintained. From the description described above, the purposes of this
project paper are to describe population density, to describe environmental cleanliness, and to know
influence of population density on environmental cleanliness.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1 Research design
In accordance with the boundaries of the problem and the objectives of the research described in
the previous chapter, this research is classified as descriptive correlational research. Correlational
research is one form of research that aims to describe research variables. Also look for relationships
between variables with one another. The size of the relationship (correlation) contributes between other
variables which can state the correlation coefficient. Correlational research to analyze hypotheses,
therefore the correlation coefficients of the resulting effect show significant attitudes proven whether a
hypothesis[14].

2.2 Time and Location

The population is the whole subject of research. The population of this study is all the communities
in RT 009 Kampung warna- warni Jodipan Blimbing District, Malang City.

Picture 1. The Map of Kampung Warna-Warni Jodipan

2.3 Population , Sample and sampling technique

The population in this study were all residents of the Kampung Warna-warni Jodipan RT 009,
Blimbing District, Malang City, East Java. In this study, the number of samples taken was 18 people.
The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Sampling uses data source sampling techniques
with certain considerations. The reason for using the Purposive Sampling technique is because not all
samples have criteria according to the proposed phenomenon. Therefore, the authors chose the
Purposive Sampling technique that asks for certain considerations or criteria that must be approved by
the sample used in this study.

2.4 Instrumen
1. The instrument that we will apply to this study uses a questionnaire and interviews directly
with the residents of the colorful Jodipan RT 009. The instrument we used in this study was a
closed questionnaire, in the form of a questionnaire with printed ones, in the questionnaire
there were 5 kinds of choice answers namely Strongly agree (SA), agree (A), neutral (N),
disagree (D) and Strongly disagree (SD). Each statement in the questionnaire was given as an
alternative variable after the data was obtained from the results of filling out the questionnaire
by the respondents. Alternative scores for each answer are as follows:
 Al ternative answers Strongly Agree (SA) will be given a score of 5.
 Alternative Agree answers (A), will be given a score of 4.
 Neutral Alternative Answers (N) will be given a score of 3.
 Alternative Disagree answers (D) will be given a score of 2.
 Alternative answers to Strongly Disagree (SD) will be given a score of 1.

2.5 Data Collection

To obtain the data needed in this study, we use the following data collection methods:
2. Interview, collect data by interviewing residents of the colorful Jodipan RT 009 to obtain clear
data about the object under study.
3. Questionnaires, techniques for determining score answers from questionnaires / questionnaires.
The questionnaire in this study used the Likert scale answer option. because the questionnaire
will contain a statement to measure the level of satisfaction and object (Society), the Likert
scale is the right tool to measure or weigh because it contains tiered choices so that they are
more representative of what respondents think about the level of cleanliness in the Kampung
warna- warni Jodipan RT 09.

2.6 Data analysis technique

The data analysis was analyzed by mean and regression, we will analyze the results or writer will
use linier regression if both data is normal. If not normal it will be analyzed by ordinal regression.

3. Result and Discussion

Demoghrapic characterictic based on Table 1, it can be seen that, the number of questionnaire
answer scores regarding the level of hygiene in kampung warna-warni RT 009 / RW 002 Jodipan
is quite high, where the maximum score of the questionnaire is 55, while the average score of
each respondent (citizen RT 009 / RW 002 kampung warna-warni) have almost reached the
maximum score. This means that, the level of cleanliness in the RT 009 / RW 002 settlement of
 the kampung warna-warni is quite clean. The level of cleanliness is measured from several
aspects, including the condition of the water channel, the condition of the landfill, the availability
of clean air, and the level of participation in maintaining cleanliness in the environment. This has
been in line with the findings of Berry (2008), that the level of environmental cleanliness can be
measured from several components, including water conditions, air conditions, waste conditions
in the environment.

TABLE 1 ANALYSIS OF CLEANING LEVEL QUESTIONARY DATA

Respondent p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p10 p11 TOTAL
R1 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 4 5 4 38
R2 4 4 2 5 4 2 2 2 4 4 3 36
R3 2 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 5 4 36
R4 4 2 2 5 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 36
R5 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 2 3 31
R6 2 2 2 5 5 3 2 2 1 2 2 28
R7 2 4 2 5 5 2 2 2 1 3 3 31
R8 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 4 4 36
R9 3 2 2 5 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 35
R10 3 3 2 4 4 2 3 2 4 2 4 33
R11 4 4 2 5 5 4 3 2 2 5 4 40
R12 4 4 3 5 4 3 3 3 2 4 3 38
R13 3 2 2 5 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 35
R14 2 2 2 5 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 37
R15 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 37
R16 3 2 3 5 4 2 2 3 2 2 4 32
R17 2 3 2 5 4 3 2 3 1 2 3 30
R18 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 38
Mean 34,83333333
Std. Deviation 3,27647587

From the results of interviews with residents of RT 009 / RW 002 in the kampung warna-warni
Jodipan, the data in table 2 shows that the population density in RT 009 / RW 002 in the kampung
warna-warni Jodipan is classified as not solid. This can be seen in the calculation of the population
density of each house on RT 009 / RW 002 in kampung warna-warni Jodipan. This is not in accordance
with data from BAPPEDA, that the Jodipan village has an area of 49 ha with a population of 13201
people so that the population density (ha/ha) is 269, the category of assessment of population density
between 194.3-269 shows high density so it can be concluded that Jodipan village belongs to the high
density category. The cause of this mismatch is because the author only surveyed the RT 009 / RW 002
area of the kampung warna-warni Jodipan (not all of kampung warna-warni Jodipan area), where the
area of kampung warna-warni Jodipan RT 009 / RW 002 is still relatively not solid.
TABLE 2 RESULTS OF POPULATION DENSITY SURVEY DATA ANALYSIS IN RT 009 / RW 002
KAMPUNG WARNA-WARNI JODIPAN
BUILDING AREA
SURFACE AREA DENSITY OF POPULATION OF
2 HEIGHT WIDTH
(m ) EVERY HOUSE
(m) (m)
49 7 6 0,081632653
32 4 7 0,125
42 6 6 0,142857143
100 20 4 0,03
72 8 8 0,069444444
36 4 8 0,138888889
32 4 7 0,09375
49 7 6 0,081632653
49 7 6 0,06122449
49 7 6 0,06122449
30 5 6 0,1
35 5 7 0,114285714
49 7 6 0,102040816
24 4 6 0,125
49 7 6 0,081632653
25 5 4 0,16
30 5 6 0,1
48 6 8 0,0625
Mean 0,09
Std. Deviation 0,3381769
Based on table 2, it can be seen that from the results of a regression linier analysis between the
level of environmental cleanliness and population density at RT 009 / RW 002, a significance value of
0.434 was obtained. because the significance value is 0.434> 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a
moderate negative relationship which means that the higher the population density level of RT 009 /
RW 002, the lower the level of cleanliness of the environment, so it can be concluded that the
residential area RT 009 / RW 002 kampung warna-warni Jodipan are classified as having a normal
population density with a fairly high level of cleanliness. This is in accordance with Carr, Suter, and
Barbieri's research that Increasing population every year is likely to have an impact on the living
environment such as: sewage disposal, clean water supply, garbage disposal, sewage disposal, animal
houses (cages).
 TABLE 3 NORMALITY TEST
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
PopulationDensi EnvironmentalCl
ty eanliness
N 18 18
Normal Parametersa,b Mean ,0961730 34,8333
Std. Deviation ,03381769 3,27648
Most Extreme Differences Absolute ,111 ,195
Positive ,111 ,111
Negative -,095 -,195
Test Statistic ,111 ,195
c,d
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,200 ,070c
a. Test distribution is Normal.
b. Calculated from data.
c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.
d. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

The results of the normality test found that significant values for population density were 0.2>
0.05 and a significant value for environmental cleanliness was 0.7> 0.05. Then it can be concluded that
the data for population density and cleanliness are normally distributed so that the data is tested further
using linear regression tests.

TABEL 4 LINIER REGRESSION TEST

Coefficientsa
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 36,668 2,414 15,193 ,000
Population_Density -19,078 23,747 -,197 -,803 ,434
a. Dependent Variable: Environmental_Cleanliness

The simple linear regression formula is Y = a + bX.

From table 4 we can see that a which is a constant number of unstandardized coefficients. Based
on the table a value of 36,668. This figure is a constant number which means that if there is no
population density (x), the value of consistent environmental cleanliness (Y) is 36,668. Whereas b
which is the regression coefficient number is -19,078. This number implies that for every 1% increase
in population density (X), the environmental cleanliness (Y) will increase -19,078. Because the
regression coefficient is negative, it can be concluded that population density (X) has a negative effect
on environmental cleanliness (Y), which means that every 1% increase in population density the
environmental cleanliness will decrease by 19,078.

4. Conclusion
From the results of the research that the author did, it was concluded that cleanliness in the colorful
village of Jodipan RT 009 / RW 002 was high, this was in accordance with the fact that the
environment also functioned as a tourist place. Population density in the colorful village of Jodipan RT
009 / RW 002 includes normal population density. After analyzing the regression test the relationship
between population density and environmental cleanliness of the colorful village of Jodipam RT 009 /
RW 002 showed that any increase in population density could reduce the level of cleanliness in the
environment.

5. Acknowledgement
We express thanks to the head of household for providing place support during our project, another
group from offering I that given us support, research gate for providing us many literature for this
project paper and don’t forget our respondets ( Residents of RT 009/ RW 002 kampung warna-warni
Jodipan) that given their time to filled the questionnaire and also answer our interview.
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