bits) le Eitan me caCin veal) Intermediate Student's BookCONTENTS LANGUAGE INPUT > 2 Get happy! ti CUE Toe EEO * Auta verbs Whats in a word? Social expressions Di Weawonderfil weelat Alor, Ptsotpets and mearing “Rye al [Naming the tenses Spelling and pronunciation Take care! Present as, Present Perfect p7 Word formation You must be joking! wand negatives ‘Words that go together ps What di you do lastnight? Keeping vocabulary records Cows dott meat. pF pio short answers es did p8 Present tenses ‘Sport and leisure ‘Numbers and dates Present Simple play football ‘Money, fractions, ‘es she workin a bank? ps go shing decimals, percents, Present Continuous do aerobics p20 dats, phone numbers 1s he working in France at the moment? pls ‘Simple or continuous? ‘She usally drives work, but today she ot driving She's walking, p17 Present passive We are paid withthe money people give. Children are being treated with a new Kind of medicine. pl8 pal asl est mses "Atend itor hing opis 5 Telling tales Fassel al Gaines po Wi id ou think of me ie dated ag eos eal Hee nghng hen hes the baby. Cigars kal bring! Ea papas fala urge al Spe and ast Perec ile Foren Tl gh aioe, Wg ad ohare p24 nasa "Lael to Aunt twin by fm emsaway RIE 7 ing theright thing Modslyerta(})~ebllptonand Nationally wot Regu and oes D4 Doingthexightthing oT teen denpee “Other hake gc be laved Sa tees etou Caden hae ops chee Cottlsdsece” Gantt Tamnsay ere Pao he ren Perc fi Wer allel enc pal ty” Tans p86 Sal. 7 We sl ve ra cg You mttaer we 83 Pais The year Tiavaling ound B 5 On the move ae aes Tene eae: 8 ‘Tm going to buy some. sunshine Requests ina hotel pS Tilgetatoaf. p38 Present Continuous We're playing tennis this afternoon. p39 Thesunts shining, pa WP 6 just love it! pis RE) ‘Questions with like ‘Whar’ she like? What does she ook like? What does she ike doing? p7 Verb patterns Tenjoyed meeting your fiends. just wanted 032) thank you You made me fel welcome, p9 er Describing food, towns, ‘and people fresh polluted Sophisticated p52 allocations “fs food Fistorc towns elderly people p52 Signs and sounds ry lan only Jus looking thanks. P53SKILLS DEVELOPMENT Pn A PEIN DO “Wonders of the modern world’ Information gap~a UN Goodwill My wonders three generations Correcting mistakes (1) - finding ‘amazing technological and ‘Ambassador p9 ‘give their ideas about the and correcting language mistakes scientific achievements p10 Discussion ~ what's the most ‘wonders of the modem world in an informal leter 103 {important invention? p12 plz ‘The down doctor —awoman Discussion ~what makes people Sports three people talk about Lettersand emails pl08 describes the job she loves pl8_ happy? pl ther free time activities p21 Tin princi wee lmnop A gmaing Boos nd isp ak Aww) Fe lives of Pablo Picasso and thing happened!” p25 about ther favourite books Emest Hemingway (igsew) p26 Describinga book or film you and films p28 pes ‘A world guide to good manners’'~ Talking about rules and. Come round to my place For and against pl08 hhow to behave abroad. p34 regulations p32 entertaining friends in three Roleplay ~ starting a new job slferent countries p36 pS Discussion - what advice would ‘you give a foreign visitor? BM [My kind ofhaiay a eave agent Arranging io meat pa Avweather forecast pit Making servation p10 | Milks shout herotdae pid Discusion = your el holiday pe ‘Global pz — the boy ofthe Talking about popular food and New York and London ~ ‘design () pio orld favourite food p30 Popular place tocat p30 “An Engh couple alk about Dieusion™= restaurants cides ving New Yrs an od eopeyouknow pS?” Amica ges is tnpesons “tlving in London (ipsa) 2Ci Bp 7 The world of work st LANGUAGE INPUT CE Present Perfect Present Perfect versus Past Simple ve worked there for five years worked forthe BBC. p53 Present Perfect passive Tso Spanish novelists have bees awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, p57 POTN Phrasal verbs Literal or idiomatic? ‘She looked out ofthe window. ook out! p60 Separable or inseparable? ern on turn it on p60 SEs ‘On the phone (Gan Hake a message? Would you like ro hold? pol Wp 8 Just imagine! Base and strong adjectives “Making suggestions Ft etndiina food etic tate Soppeat 6: If Lsce Anna, PM tel her. p63 tired exhausted p68 ‘Wity don’t you ask your second cool Maing ses pore ifthe mon Tt buy an idan. vr a yo ley wonder 8 ‘ibe lanes When we ge here wel give you a el po ; ‘Modal verbs) probity Ghana dco Fapsiagand diagong Bp 9 Relationships Smee aa ea veiahe a = ‘She can’t be very old. sociable ‘Neither do I! p77 Shemp belive 07 Saying 975 suse on cpl are cp ee enh ne Fadl hee isin Se mut hve en on Roe. 973 Stop and Chet ; Present Perfet Continuous Compound nouns xpesing quenty > 10 Obsessions Prost Pate Spi erm Contaaous perp Trow mis cof de pr ‘A Manchester teenager has received a ‘movie star p84 ‘you drink? phone bill for over £430. Pve been texting my frends all daylong. prs Questions and answers Hove long have you been learning English? p78 ‘Time expressions ‘She's en ving in Pars since she gor ‘married. p80 Thats too much! p&s fp 11 Tell me about it! Indirect questions ‘Verbs and nouns that go Informal English isonet me ees a pas Tdon't know what time the banks close. whistle a tune break for lunch? pas Tick an ice-cream p93 Whats up? p93 ue en “oe Tre cin efron eet ue peg eee tes De Lies greatevenst REID Me rgsencets Soe po ‘She said that shey were married. p95 get engaged Excuse me! p101 Reported questions Juneral p98 ‘He asked me how I knew ther. p95 Reported requestseommands He told them 10 stop making a noise, asked them to stop making a noise. pr Tapescripts pi20 Grammar Reference 13+ Pairwork activities pisiPn ‘Dream jabs’ three people escrbe thie jobs Gigsav) p38 ‘Who wants to bea millionaire? — shat it's realy Hike to sein the lottery pbs SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SL Discussion — what’ in the news today! p57 Roleplay + interviewing someone aul thes dream jb p38 Discussion — what would you do with £5 million? pos Diseussion ~ that charities ‘ould you support? pos PINS CO ‘The busy life ofa retired man —a ‘man tals to his granddaughter about life since retirement pl Alletter of application p12 Song "Who Wants to Bea Millionaire?” p66 ‘Three charities ~ who they are and what they do. p68 ‘Anarrative 2) pig Family matters — two points of ‘ew on a family relation pa “Famous for not being famous’ — Dennis Woodruff, Fiollywood ‘movie star p82 ‘Who's who in the family? p71 (Quiz ~ hat type of person are you! p76 Discusslon — what size isthe perfect family? p77 Exchanging information about ‘major lie events p81 Comparing information about ‘oo collectors p&i Brothers and sisters — two people ‘A description (2) pli6 talk about thle families p77 Collectors ~ two people tale ‘about their unusual collections Gigsaw) Bt ‘Writing a biogsaphy pll7 ‘How well do you know your ‘world? You ask... we ansier!” p90 Information gap — Finding out shout Madonna p87 Stories of forgetfulness p92 The forgetful generation — ‘Words that join ideas p11 ‘radio programme p92 Funeral Bley — a poem by WH Auden p99 Irregular verbs p1s7 Discussion — custome connected ‘with births, weddings, and funerals p58 Discussion —the day you were born p98 Roleplay retelling the story of abieth pos Verb patterns piss ‘Nolay neighbours — vo people making statements tothe police igsaw) p97 Abirth— Jane's story p98 Song—"My Way" p100 Comnecting mistakes (2) pli9 Phonetic symbols 1s»>I »> TEST YOUR GRAMMAR 1 Make questions with you from the sentences. | come from Scotland. (Where?) i 2. | was bom in London in 1984, (Where? When?) 3. Hive in Milan. (Where?) 4. ve got two brothers and a sister. (How many?) 5 Tim studying English because | need it for my job. (Why?) 6. Ive been studying English for three years. (How long?) 7 Ive been to the United States, Cenada, Japan, and Australia. (Which countries?) 8 | went to Canada three years ago. (When?) 2 Ask and answer the questions with a partner. From Mexico. ee it In Puebla, a city near Mexico City. 3 Tell the class about your partner. Enrique comes from Mexico. He was born in Puebla in 1985, but now he tives in Mexico City. 6 Unit] + It’s a wonderful world! It’s awonderful world! Ci ere WHAT DO YOU KNOW? Tenses and auxiliary verbs 1 Answer the questions in the quiz, Listen and check, canll General. va knowledge ~ the Pacific Ocean ¢ the Indian Ocean What doesn’t a When did the modern vegetarian eat? ‘Olympic Games start? 2 1806 b 1896 © 1922 What does www. stand for? How long does it take for the sun’s rays to reach the Earth? Where were glasses invented? ie a 8 minutes ‘& Mexico b 8 hours b Italy © 8 days ¢ China ‘What was Neil Armstrong doing when he said in 1969, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.’ ‘How many times has Brazil won the World Cup?nue 11 Which questions in the quiz contain the following tenses? { Present Past Simple Simple [Present Past Continuous —_| Continuous Present Simple | Past Simple passive passive Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous 2. Which tenses use the auxiliary verbs do/does/ald to make the negative and question? ‘Which tenses use the auxiliary verb have? Which tenses use the auxiliary verb be? D>P> Grammar Reference 11-13 ppl34-135 2. In groups, write some general knowledge questions. Ask the other groups. ‘performing on stage recording an album returning to his apartment ‘Which language is spoken by the most people in the world? Spanish b Chinese ¢ English Why didn’t Nelson Mandela become President of South Africa until he was How long have people been sending emails? "2 since the 1960s since the 1970s € since the 1990s PRACTICE Negatives and pronunciation Tall 2 is Correct the information in the sentences. 1 The sun rises in the west. 2. Cows eat meat. 3. Mercedes-Benz cars are made in Canada, 4 Neil Armstrong landed on the moon in 1989, 5. John Lennon was performing on stage when he was assassinated. ‘The Pyramids were built by the Chinese. ‘We've been in class for five hours. We're studying Italian. ‘The sun doesn't rise in the ‘west! It rises in the east! Listen and compare. Notice the stress and intonation, Practise saying the sentences. g about you ‘Complete the questions. 1A What do last night? B I stayed at home and watched television. 2. A What kind of books like reading? B Horror stories and science fiction. 3A ‘ever been to the United States? B Yes, Thave. I went there last year. A like it? B Yes, really enjoyed it. 4A What the teacher 2 B He's helping Maria with this exercise A ‘your mother do? B She works in a bank. 6 A Why do your homework last night? B Because I didn’t feel well. 7 A What doing next weekend? B I'm going to a party. 8A you a TV in your bedroom? B No, I haven't. Just a CD player. GHBD Listen and check. With a partner, ask and. answer the questions about you. or has? Listen to the sentences. They all contain 's Write is or has. lip 3 5 —— 2 4 6 8 Unit 1 + It'sa wonderful world! 7MAKING Short answers 1 Listen to the breakfast conversation. How does Emma feel? Dad Good morning! Did you have a nice time last night? Emma Yes Dad Do you want breakfast? Emma_No. Dad Have you had any coffee? Emma Yes Dad Is Bill coming round tonight? Emma_No. Dad OK. Are you leaving for school soon? Emma_ Yes. Bye! Listen to a similar conversation. What are the differences? Complete the conversation, Dad Good morning! Did you have a nice time last night? Emma Yes, —_ Twent round to Bills house Dad Do you want breakfast? Emma No hungry. Dad Have you had any coffee? don't want any , thanks, 'm not Emma Yes, —_ more, thank Dad _ |s Bill coming round tonight? Emma No, ____. He’s going out for dinner with his family Dad OK. Are you leaving for school We use short answers in English conversation because yes or no on its ‘own can sound impolite. tt helps if you can add some information, Emma Yes, Pm going right now. Bye! Listen again and check. i. Glosesyour ticks: ity ws recnenier Reply to these questions using a short answer. Add some information ei, Do you like cooking? No, | don't. But | like eating! Have you got any brothers or sisters? Isit cold out today? ‘Are you working hard? Did you go out lastnight? Have you ever been to Singapore? DP Grammar Reference 14 p35 Listen to the questions. Answer using a short answer, and add some information. Unit 1 + It’s a wonderful world!PRACTICE Conversations J Match a question in A with a short answer in B and a line in C. A 8 c | 1 Do you tke studying English? No,thavent. | tts freezing | 2 Isita nice day today? NL Yes Lam IWsmy favourite subject 3. Have you seen my pen? Yes. Ido. —~ | tout afford to 4 Are you staying at home this evening? No, | diet Do you want to come round? 5 Did you goon holiday last summer? No, itis. You can borrow mine if you want GHED Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner. 2 Read the class survey and add two questions of your own. Stand up! Ask three students the questions and complete the chart, Remember to add some information in your reply. Oo Sa ZZ SK Have you got a computer at home? O | Are you going out tonight? @ oO | ‘o> Do you play a musical instrument? oO O° Did you watch TV last night? oO Oo Have you seen any good films lately? 2 oO | Are you going to have a coffee after the lesson? C @vanewne OO0000000# a oO Getting information 3. The United Nations invites celebrities from all over the world to be Goodwill Ambassadors. Work with a partner. You each have different information about Kaori Sato, who works for the UN Ask and answer questions. Student A Look at p15. Student B Look at p152. Unit + It’s a wonderful world! 9READING AND SPEAKING Wonders of the modern world 1 Match each topic in A with two items in B. A |e International travel | solar system airlines Medical science | competition online The Internet | com | health care Agriculture drug abuse | penicitin Space travel famine salaries The Olympic Games | abroad website Read the text about the wonders of the world. Write a topic from A. in the paragraph headings 1-6. Answer the questions. 1 What has changed because of the Internet? What will happen with the Internet? 2 What has happened in space exploration since 1969 3. What is the most noticeable result of better health care? 4 X= the number of people who travelled abroad in the nineteenth century. What does X also equal? What are the good and bad things about the Olympics? 6 What point was Jonathan Swift ‘making about farmers and politicians? 7 ‘Weare still here!” Why is this a wonder? 8 What do these numbers refer to? 100 million a few hundred 1969 millions of people 47 four 1709 50 Talking about you 4 In groups, discuss one of these questions. + What are your favourite websites? ‘+ When did you last travel by plane? Where were you going? + Ave there any stories about health care in the news atthe moment? ‘+ What sporting events are taking place now or in the near future? 10 Unit 7 + It’s a wonderful world! | WONDERS | don’t believe that today’s wonders are similar in kind to the wonders of the Ancient World. They were all buildings, such as the Pyramids in Egypt, or other architectural structures. Over the past 100 years, we have seen amazing technological and scientific achievements. These are surely our modern wonders. 1 Itis everywhere. More than half billion people use it, and the number ‘of people who are online increases by 109 million every year. In 1994 there were only a few hundred web pages. Today there are billions. {thas revolutionized the way we live and work. But we are still in the ‘early days, Soon there will be more and more interactivity between the user and the website, and we will be able to give instructions using speech. 2 11969, Neil Armstrong stepped out of his space capsule onto the ‘surface of the moon and made his famous statement: ‘That's one small ‘step for a man, one giant leap for mankind’. Since then, there have been ‘space probes to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and even to the sun. One day, a ‘space observatory will study how the first stars and galaxies began. So far, it seems that we are alone in the universe. There are no signs yet that there is intelligent life outside our own solar system. But who knows what the future holds?Surely nothing has done more forthe comfort and happiness of the human race than the advances in health care! How many millions of people have benefited from the humble aspirin? How many lives has penicillin saved? Average life expectancy worldwide has risen dramatically aver the past x00 years, from about 47 years in 1900 to about 77 years today. 4 We are a world on the move. Airlines carry more than 1.5, billion people to their destinations every year. It's estimated that, at any one time these days, there are as many people travelling in aeroplanes as the total number of people who travelled abroad in the whole of the nineteenth century (but | have no idea how they worked this out! 5 {tis true that they are now commercialized, and there is greed and drug abuse. However, itis a competition in which almost every country in the world takes part. Every four years, fora brief moment, we see the world come together in peace and friendship. We feel hope again for the future of mankind, by rT recy 6 In 1724, Jonathan Swift wrote, ‘Whoever makes two blades of grass or two ears of corm grow where only one grew before serves mankind better than the whole race of politicians’. In Europe our farmers have done this. In 3709, whole villages in France died of hunger. Now in Europe, we can’t eat all the food we produce, IFonly politicians could find a way to share itwith those parts of the world where. there is famine, io 7 Weare still here!) } The last wonder of the modem - 4 world is simply that we are still hetesy We have had nuclear weapons for over 50 years that could destray the world, but we haven't used) them to do it. This is surely the greatest wonder of allLISTENING AND SPEAKING My wonders 1 GHED Listen to three people from the same family saying what they think are the wonders of the modern world. Complete the chart. What is the wonder? What's good | Are there any problems? Sam | dishwasher 2 Work with a partner. Which of these inventions do you think is the most important? Mark them [1] for the most important to [@] for the least important, L the computer C1 nuclear weapons D thecar the space rocket Li thetelevision the mobile phone [the aeroplane 7] the space satellite 3. Work in groups of four. Work together to agree on the three most important inventions. Which has changed the world the most? 4 Talk together as a class. What other machines, inventions, or discoveries would you add to the list? 12 Unit + tsa wonderful world! VOCABULARY What's in a word? ‘These exercises will help you with your vocabulary learning, Parts of speech and meaning 1. These sentences all contain the nonsense word uggy: Is uggy used as a verb, an adjective, a noun, or an adverb? How do you know? 1 [couldn't hear the film because the man next to me was eating his uggy so loudly. 2. There was a lot of snow on the road. Unfortunately, I uggied on some ice and crashed into a tree. 3. When Pierre and Madeleine met, they fell uggily, in love and got married one month later. 4 After an uggy day at work, with meetings and phone calls all day, I was ready for a quiet evening. Can you guess what 1ggy means in the four sentences? Which real English word goes in each sentence? + passionately + skidded + hectic + popcorn Spelling and pronunciation 2 In these groups three words thyme, but one is different. Work with a partner and read them aloud Underline the word in each group which has a different vowel sound. D> Phonetic symbols pis? 1 fol or Au: good food wood stood 2 fil or fe? bread head read (present) read (pat) 3 lev or fe? paid made played said 4 Jal oF /a0 done phone sun won 5 Jea/ or jin? dear hear bear near or fa: work fork walk pork Listen and check. What do you notice about English spelling? 3 Here are some of the words from exercise 2 in phonetic symbols. Read them aloud, then write them, 1 /fusd/ 5 Itisd! 2 /nra/ 6 fwack/ 3. /stod/ 7 ifoonf 4 (ped! 8 /wock! Listen and check,Word formation 4. Write different forms of the word act using the suffixes from the box. sor jon ing ive -vities 1 Mybrother’s an act___. He's making an advert now. 2. My grandmother is 89, but she's still very act__. 3 This is not a time to do nothing. Itisa time for act___. 4 Act, is not usually a ‘well-paid job. 5 We doa lot of act. in class to learn English. Words that go together 5 Match a word in A with a word in B. oO strong carefully full-time coffee film in love drive a jumper fall star try on job Keeping vocabulary records 6 Do you have a vocabulary notebook? Discuss with your teacher and other students how you record new vocabulary. Which of these do you use? «the transation + the part of speech (verb, noun, etc.) + the meaning (using other words) + the pronunciation + an example sentence hecte (adj) /hektrk/ = vary busy (had a hectic day at the office. WRITING: Correct stakes (1) EVERYDAY ENGLISH Social expressions 1 When we're talking with friends we use a lot of idiomatic expressions. ‘Hang on a sec! need to go the loo! ‘Match a line in A with a line in B. A 1 Sorry Im late. | got stuck in trafic, 2. Bye, Mum! I'm off to school now. 3. Have you heard that Jennys going ‘out with Pete? 4 How long did it take you to do the homework? 5. Idor't know about you, but 'm sick and tired of this weather, 6 Who was that | saw you with lastnight? 7 Tm tired fm taking next week off 8 Let’ go fora run inthe park! 9 Can we get together this afternoon at3.00? 10 What a gorgeous coat! Was it expensive? ‘That sounds like a good idea. ‘The break will do you good. ‘So am | cant stand allthis rain, Never mind. Youre here now. Come in and sit down, Ages! How about you? Yes, it costa fortune! Really? | don't know what she sees in him! {im sorry. cant make it then, What about abit later? Take cae, my love. Have a nice day! Me? Run? You must be joking! | Mind your own business! Listen and check, Practise the conversations with a partner. Make any necessary changes. EERE Listen to the sentences. Reply using a line from B in exercise 1. ply using ‘Choose some of the conversations from exercise 1 and continue them, A What a gorgeous coat! Was it expensive? Yes, it cost a fortune, But the material’s beautiful, don’t you think? B ‘A Wow! Where did you get it? B I sawit in the window of that new shop in the High Street, you know; its called ‘Chic. A Yes, Iknow it. They wve some really nice stuff. Unit | Its a wonderful world! 1314 Unit 2 + Get happy! WHAT MAKES PEOPLE HAPPY? > TEST YOUR GRAMMAR Present tenses Look atthe pairs of sentences, Which one is correct? Why? 1 They have a teenage son. Theyie having a teenage son. 1 Look at the ingredients for happiness. How important is each one to you? I= very important; § = not important. good health in mind and body 1 abig house job satisfaction regular holidays CD aloving marriage Ca supportive family C1 hobbies and leisure activities LO lots of friends C1 no money worries Compare your answers with a partner. 2. What do you think is the happiest time of a person’s life ~ ‘when they are young or when they are old? Why? 2. She speaks five languages. She's speaking five languages. 3. Don't turn off the TV! watch it. Don't turnoff the TV! 1m watching it. 4 Oh ol trains. Oh nol It’ raining. 5. Were thinking operas boring, We think opera is boring. 6. English speaks allover the world. English is spoken all over the world.3 Read and listen to the text about Sidney Fisk, Answer the questions. 1 What do you think are the good and bad things about Sidney's life? 2. Do you think his life is exciting or boring? Would you like to have a life like Sidney's? 3. Do you know any people with similar lives? Are they happy? if ’m happ Sidney Fisk, 45 Work Sidney Fakisa layer He's pad vey well, but he usually has to work long hours. He works for an international company in Dallas, Texas, soe travels a lot in his job. At the moment he’s: working In Mexico, and next week he's Traveling to France, Resin Home life If he’s at home at the weekend, he and. Home tte ____ pire sometimes pla gt, hat Sidney is married and he's got two IL aerate vec Onesie ee children, aged 11 and 14 He rarely sees have muchtime tor : his children because so much of his Bo eas | time is spent away from home. He's got 2 pie bie yc alee it'svery big, with elt bedrooms, His He ays he doesn't know fhe's happy wifes an Interior designer. He's too busyo think about 4. Complete the questions about Sidney. Gxiirueon plete the q ) Then ask and answer them with a partner. Find these words inthe text about Sidney Fe usally, often rarely, never. fe « .. maried? 2 What tense are most ofthe verbs inthe ext? Why? + Where «ie? Find two examples each inthe text ofthe Present Continuous an the Has... any children? Ge Present Simple passive. Which auxiliary verb is used to form these? + What. is wife do? Complete the questions and answers with the correct auxiliary verbs. : [itnes. : ni i ___hetravelalot? Yesshe Mae Worst the er paid very well? ___ she work ina bank? No, she ___ they play golf? Yes, they Listen and check. you play tennis? No, 5. Ask and answer similar questions with he paid alot? Yesshe your partner. he working in France at the moment? No, he _ DP Grammar Reference 21 and 2.2 ppl35-136 ‘Have you got any brothers or sisters? | f ye Unit2 + Get happy! 151 Look at the photos and listen to Jeff Norman. What's unusual about his lifestyle? What does he like about it? Extra! Extra! Read all about it! 45-year-old college graduate makes $60,000 a year as a paperboy! What did Jeff say? Complete the sentences. it pald_ good money ~ $60,000 a year. And I often 50 a week in tips 21 ____ at 2.00.am, The first newspaper at 230m, 1___ aed Chevy Blazer and the newspapers into the back. 4 1____ the peace and quiet. 5 Occasionally, ___a jogger. 6 Tusually__ home by 7.00 a.m. 7 My wife ___ at the University of Iowa, 8 Some days I ___ my kids’ baseball team, other days I golf, 9 1___ alo _ for my master’s degree at the moment. I be a marriage counsellor. 10 Some people ?s not much of a job, but, hey, when they in an office, I golf, Listen and check. 16 Unit2 + Get happy! 3 Write notes about Sidney and Jeff in the chart, ‘Sidney Fisk Work Home and family Free time Work with a partner. Compare Sidney's life with Jef’. How old are they? How many things do they have in common? Who do you think is happier? Why?WHAT DO YOU DO? Simple or continuous? 1 Read and listen to the conversation. ‘A. What do you do? B T'man interior d them ideas for furniture and lighting. ‘A And what are you working on these days? B_ Well, I'm not working on a home at the moment. I'm working ‘ona hotel. 'm designing a new lobby for the Plaza. A Do you like your job? B Yes, I love it. ‘Memorize the conversation and practise it with a partner. 2 Work with a partner. Have similar conversations with some of these jobs. anarchitect a research scientist. anartist_ an actor atockmusician a web page designer a journalist afilm director a football player a zookeeper 3 Ask each other about your own jobs or studies. Cree 11 Some verbs are used in both simple and continuous forms. These are called action verbs. She usually drives to work, but today she isn’t driving. She's walking. 2. Some verbs are almost never used in the continuous form. These are called state verbs. {like black coffee. (NOT #Heiking black coffee.) 3. Seven of these verbs are not usually used in the Present Continuous. Underline them. come play _have(= possesion) love _ want PP Grammar Reference 2.3 pis6 PRACTICE Discussing grammar 1 Are these sentences correct (¥)) oF incorrect (x)? Correct the mistakes. 1 What do you want to drink? 7 2. 'm not understanding this word. X | don't understand this word. Ym loving you a lot. Do you think Michiko plays golf well? T'm sorry. P'm not knowing the answer. We're enjoying the lesson very much, ‘We're working hard. 1'm thinking you speak English very wel. 8 The lions are fed once a day. They're being fed at the moment. 2 Complete the pairs of sentences using the verb in the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. 1 come ‘lec and Marie are French. They from Paris. ‘They'll be here very soon. They by car. 2 have Lisa can't come to the phone. She dinner now. She a beautiful new car. 3 think I that all politicians tell lies. I about my gitlftiend at the ‘moment. She’s in Australia, 4 not enjoy We this party at all. The music is too loud. We big parties 5 watch Be quiet! I my favourite programme. Talways iton Thursday evenings. 6 see Joe isn't here. He the doctor at the moment. I your problem, but I can’t help you. I'm sorry. 7 use (Careful!) This room usually —__ for big meetings. But today it being for a party Unit 2 + Get happy! 17READING AND SPEAKING I'ma clown doctor! 1 What does a doctor do? What does a clown do? Write down three things for each. Tell the class your ideas. 2. Which of these things did you think off Which do clowns do? Which do doctors do? Which do both do? wear funny clothes ‘wear white coats make children feel better do magic tricks perform operations ive injections wear red rubber noses rmake funny faces tell jokes sive medicine 3. Look at the pictures. Lucy Cheetham is a clown doctor working for Theodora Children’s Trust — a charitable organization. What do you think a clown doctor does? 4 Read the introduction, What is the new kind of ‘medicine? 5. Read the rest of the article. Answer the questions. 1 Who is Dr LooLoo? Who is Dr Chequers? 2 In what ways is their job ‘extremely silly’? Give examples. 3. How did Lucy become a Theodora clown doctor? 4 Why does she like her job? 5 What does she wear? 6 What would be useless? 7 Why is it useful to eat in the hospital cafeteria? 8 What does she do after work? 9. Where does the money for Lucy's salary come from? 10. Describe a typical working day for Lucy. ‘She arrives inthe hospital with... ‘Then she goes into the wards and GRAMMAR SPOT Complete these sentences from the text Allover the world, children in hospital with a new kind of medicine. Itsa charity; so we with the money people give What tenses are they? Complete these passive sentences. 1 People of al ages love clowns. Clowns ____ by people of all ages. 2. He is giving her an injection. She's siven an injection. DP Grammar Reference 2.4 p137 18 Unit2 + Get happy! TEN DOCTOR Al over the world, children in hospital are being treated with a new kind of medicine: laughter. LUCY is 23 and works for Theodora Children’s Trust. She is one of many clown doctors who bring a smile to the faces of sick children. Tm a Theodora clown doctor, I call myself Dr LooLoo. I spend two days a week in children’s hospitals being extremely silly with ‘my friend and colleague Dr Chequers. We make funny faces, tell jokes, and do magic tricks. As I walk into the wards I blow bubbles, shake hands with the kids, and ‘make up nonsense songs for those children well ‘enough to sing. We take special balloons to make ‘balloon animals’ and tell funny stories about them. We often meet kids who one week look really sick, then we go back the next week and they're racing about yelling “Hi there, Dr LooLoo! Hi Dr Chequers!” 'm naturally a very cheerful person. I've always been a clown. In fact my father's a clown and I started ‘working with him when I was eight years old. I knew it ‘was just the job for me and I became a clown doctor because I think it’s a great way to cheer up sick, frightened children in hospital. I wear a fancy coat, a yellow shirt, and tights with big stripes. Also, I have a ted rubber nose and wear my hair in crazy plaits. Being a clown in a hospital is very tiring both physically and emotionally, We have to learn not to show our feelings, otherwise we'd be useless. Clown doctors are sensitive but this is not a side most people see, To the children we're happy all the time. I'm stil learning to allow myself to feel sad occasionally. ‘There are special kids you get really close to, At the ‘moment I'm working with a very sick little girl from Bosnia who speaks no English, so our only common language is laughter. ‘She's been in and ‘out of hospital for ‘operations so many times and she's always ‘on my mind.‘At lunchtime we eat in the hospital cafeteria and that’s really useful because we meet the nurses and doctors. ‘They tell us about particular kids who they think will benefit from a clown doctor visit. Ifa child is frightened, perhaps they're being given an injection or some nasty medicine ~ we can distract them so the nurses can do their job. About six o’clock Dr Chequers and I take off our ‘make-up and change our clothes. We're totally exhausted. Sometimes I have a night out with friends, ‘it helps me unwind. When I finally fall into bed, I crash out. At weekends we are often asked to participate in events to raise money for Theodora Children’s Trust. It's a charity; so we are paid with the money people give. Being a clown doctor makes the wortes of everyday life seem small zD All in all, | feel privileged to do this job. Language work 6 Find lines in the text which mean the same as. the following, ‘They're running about shouting. Thave a happy personality. ‘We would be no help at all. I'm always thinking about her. 1 go out for the evening with friends. Ithelps me relax. 1 go to bed and immediately fall into a deep sleep. Lam lucky to have this job. 7 Read the interview with Lucy (L). Complete the interviewer's (1) questions, Oh yes, Ido. I enjoy my job very much. ? Because love working with children and making them laugh. Saye I wear crazy clothes. A fancy coat and stripy tights. ? ‘Well, at the moment I'm working with a very sick litte girl from Bosnia, She's had so many operations. She's very special to me. eee 2 No, she doesn’t, We communicate through laughter. 2 Yes, it is. It’s very ting indeed, 'm exhausted at the end of each day. TST No, I don't. I often go out with friends. I have the best friends and the best job in the world. ae Listen and compare your answers. Are your questions exactly the same? What are the differences? What do you think? Discuss the questions in groups. + What are some ofthe good and bad points about being a clown doctor? What kind of jobs make people happiest? When are you happiest? At work? At home? With fiends? What were your happiest times last year? Its often said ‘aughter is the best medicine’ Do you agree? Unit 2 + Get happy! 19) ARY AND LISTENING Sport and leisure Make alist of as many sports and leisure activities as you can think of. Use the pictures to help you. Write play, go, or do. _ snowboarding __aerobies volleyball fishing golf __ jogging ___ basketball football yora mountain biking 3 Choose some of the sports or leisure activities from your list and complete the chart. Use a dictionary to look up any new words that you need. Sport / Activity | People Place Equipment and clothes 0 snowboarding snowboarder skiresort / dry skislope | snowboard / boots / helmet / goggles / Waterproof jacket and trousers 20 Unit 2 + Get happy!4 Listen to three people talking about a sport or activity they enjoy and take notes, ‘Thomas Which sport/ activity are they talking about? How often do they doit? Where do they do it? What equipment and clothes do they need? ‘Ave they good at it? 5 Ask and answer questions with a partner. + What sports do you play? + How often... + Where... + What equipment ...? + Ate you good at ...? WRITING: Letters and emails EVERYDAY ENGLISH Numbers and dates 1 Say the numbers. 15 50 406 .. 128 90 19 gg 36 1,520 100,000 ede 5,000 2,000,000 Listen and practise. 2 Say the numbers. Money £400 S0p €940 €4799 ¥5,000 $100 Fractions Wt % th tae Decimals and percentages 6.2 1725 SO% 75.7% 100% Dates 1995 2020 1789 15/7/94 30/10/02 Phone numbers 01865-5S6890 800451-7545 919 677-1303 Listen and practise, 3 sn to the conversations. Write the numbers you heat. 1 fifteenth 2 3 0000 0000 0000 0000 4 5 Discuss what each number refers to with a partner. The ISth is a date. 4 Work with a partner. Write five numbers that are important in your life and explain why. Unit 2 * Get happy! 21TEST YOUR GRAMMAR Match the sentences and pictures. 1 When Carol arived home, Mark cooked dinner. 2. When Carol arrived home, Mark was cooking dinner. 3. When Carol arrived home, Mark had cooked dinner, What isthe difference in meaning? \ 2 Unit 3 + Telling tales A NATIVE AMERICAN FOLK TALE Past tenses 1 Look at the pictures. They tell the story of Gluskap, a warrior from the Algonquian tribe of North America. What can you see? What do you think the story is about? 2. Read the story on p23 and the phrases below. Complete the story with the phrases. had run a few miles had fought and won so many battles vas still screaming hhad never heard such a terrible noise was siting and sucking a piece of sugar had never heard of Wasis Listen and check, What do you think is the moral of the story?TG 11 Which tense is used in these two sentences? Which verbs are regular? Which ae irregular? He laughed and went up to the baby. He danced and sang, Find more examples in the story and underline them. Pronunciation 3. Work with a partner. Write the verbs from the box in the chart according to the pronunciation of the -ed ending, laughed covered wanted stopped shouted listened opened boasted locked danced screamed pointed 2. What are the tenses in these sentences? What is the difference in meaning? He laughed when he saw the baby. He was laughing when he saw the baby. He laughed when he'd seen the baby. (he'd = he had) 3. Find two examples ofthe Pat Simple passive inthe story. >>> Grammar Reference 31-344 ppI37-B9 ap the warrior was very pleased with himself because he (1)__.. He boasted to a woman friend: ‘Nobody can beat me!” ‘Really? said the woman. | know someone who can beat you, His name is Wasis. Gluskap (2)___. He immediately wanted to meet him and fight him, So he was taken to the woman's village. Te woman pointed to @ baby who (3)___ on the floor of a teepee, “There! she said. That is Wasis. He is litle, but he is very strong. Gluskap laughed and went up to the baby. ‘| am Mi AD Al THE TALE OF GLUSKAP AND THE BABY A ial laughed dl ] Listen, check, and practise. Gluskap. Fight me!’ he shouted, Little Wasis looked at him for a moment, then he opened his mouth. ‘Waaah! Waaaht’ he screamed. Gluskap (4)___. He danced a war dance and sang some war songs. Wasis screamed louder. ‘Waaah! Waaah! Waaah!" Gluskap covered his ears and ran out of the teepee. After he (5)___, he stopped and listened. The baby (6)___. Gluskap the fearless was terrified. He ran on and was never seen again in the woman's villagePRACTICE What was she doing? 1 Judy works for MicroSmart Computers in London. Read about what she did yesterday. 6.30 got up 6.45-7.15 packed her suitcase 7.30 8.30 drove to the airport 9.20-10.15 flew to Glasgow 11,00 - 12.45 had a meeting 1.00~2.15 had lunch 2.30-4.15 visited Dot Com Enterprises 5.30-6.15 wrote a report on the plane 8.00- 8.45 _put the baby to bed 9.00 11.00 relaxed and listened to music 2. Work with a partner, Ask and answer questions about what Judy was doing at these times. 700 am 130 pm. 80am. 1000am. 1130am. 3.00 pm. 6.00pm. 830p.m. 10.00 p.m. Listen and check. 3. Write a similar list about what you did yesterday. Ask and answer questions with your partner. Had you heard it before? 4 Work with a partner, Student A Read a statement from your box. ‘What was she doing at 7 o'clock ‘yesterday morning? What were you doing at 7 o'clock ‘yesterday morning? Student B Answer with the correct response from your box. STUDENT A STUDENT B 1 I didnt laugh at his joke, 2. Were you surprised by the ending of the film’? 3 | went to the airport, but | couldrit get on the plan. 4 | was homesick the whole time | was living in France. 5. The hotel where we stayed on holiday was awfull & I met my girfriends parents forthe fist time last Sunday. 7_My grandfather had two sons from his fist marriage, Why? Had you left your passport at home? Why? Had you heard it before? That's a pity, Hadn't you stayed there before? Really? | didnt know he'd been married before Really? | thought you'd met them before. No, Id read the book, so I already knew the story. That's really sad! Had you never lived abroad before? Listen and check, then listen and repeat. 5 Choose two of the conversations and continue them. didn’t laugh at his joke. Why? Had you heard it bofore? ‘No, hadn't, just didn’t think it was very furiny, that's all, 24 Unit 3 + Telling tales Really? thought it was hilarious!)An amazing thing happened! 6 Wanda and Roy had an amazing story to tell about their holiday. Work with a partner. Student A Look at p151 Student B Look at p152. 7 Wanda is telling a friend, Nicola, what happened. Work with a partner. One of you is Wanda and the other is Nicola. Continue their conversation, N_ Hi, Wanda. Did you have a good holiday? W Oh, yeah, we had a great time. But I have to tell you~ the most antazing thing happened! N_ Really? What was that? W Well, Roy and I were at the beach Listen and compare. Discussing grammar 8 Complete the sentences. Check your answers with a partner, Discuss the differences in meaning. 1 When I arrived at the barbecue, they eating sausages. When I arrived at the barbecue, they eaten all the sausages. We thanked our teacher for everything she doing to help us pass the test ‘We thanked our teacher for everything she done to help us pass the test. 3. He told me that they staying at the Carlton Hotel. He told me that they stayed at the Carlton Hotel before, 4 ‘you learn Ttalian when you went to Ita _____ you already learned Italian when you went to Italy? 5 Shakespeare write Hamlet? Hamlet written by Shakespeare? ition VOCABULARY Art and literature 1. Write these nouns in the correct column. Which noun goes in both columns? painter author poet poem sculpture novel picture brush palette chapter biography ‘exhibition fairy tale portrait play art gallery masterpiece novelist sketch act ART [ LITERATURE 2. Which of these verbs can go with the nouns in exercise 1? ead write paint draw goto Read a poem, read a nove. 3. Complete the sentences. 1. Shakespeare and poems. 2 Teouldn’t put the book down until 'd the last 3 Tlove about the lives of famous people so Labways buy __. 4 _ often begin with the words ‘Once upon a time’ 5 My friend’s a great artist. He and it looked just like me. 6 He a quick of the trees. 7 We an of Picasso's paintings and sculptures. ‘many famous _my Unit 3 + Telling tales 25READING AND SPEAKING The painter and the writer 1 Who are or were the most famous painters and writers in your country? 2 You are going to read about the lives of Pablo Picasso and Ernest Hemingway. Discuss these questions. + Why are they famous? + What nationality were they? + Which century were they born in? + Do you know the names of any oftheir works? + Do you know anything about their lives? 3. The sentences below appear in the texts. Try to guess which sentences go with which man, Write P (Picasso) or H (Hemingway), 11 His first word was ldpiz (Spanish for pencil) and he could draw before he could talk. 20 He had wanted to become a soldier, but couldn't because he had poor eyesight. 31 His portraits of people were often ‘made up of triangles and squares with their features in the wrong places. 4(] In the 1930s, he became a war correspondent in the Spanish Civil War and World War IL 5 0) He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, but he was too ill to receive it in person. 601 At the age of 90 he was honoured by an exhibition in the Louvre in Paris. 4 Work in two groups. Group A Read about Pablo Picasso. Group B Read about Ernest Hemingway. Check your answers to exercises 2 and 3. 26 Unit 3 + Telling tales PICASS Ei The painter On 25 October, 1881, a baby boy ‘was born in Malaga, Spain. It was a difficult birth and to help him breathe, cigar_ smoke was blown into his nose! This baby grew up to be one of the twentieth century's greatest painters - PABLO PICASSO. Picasso showed his genius from a very young age. His first word was ldpic (Spanish for pencif) and he could draw before he could talk. He vas the only son in the family, so he was thoroughly spoiled. He hated school and often refused to go unless he was allowed to take one of his father's pet pigeons with him! Apart from pigeons, his great love ‘was art. When in 1891 his father got job as an art teacher, Pablo went ‘with him to work and watched him paint. Sometimes he was allowed to help. One evening, his father was painting a picture of their pigeons when he had to leave the room When he returned, Pablo had completed the picture. It was so beautiful and lifelike that he gave his son his palette and brushes and never painted again, Pablo was just thirteen His genius as an artist was soon recognized by many people, but others were shocked by his strange and powerful paintings. He is probably best known for his Cubist pictures. His portraits of people ‘were often made up of triangles and squares with their features in the wrong places, One of his most famous portraits was of the American writer Gertrude Stein, who he met after he'd moved to Paris in 1904, His work changed ideas about art around the world, and to millions ‘of people, modern art means the work of Picasso. Guernica (below), which he painted in 1937, records the bombing of that small Basque town during the Spanish Civil War, and is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces of modern painting, Picasso married twice and also had many mistresses. He had four children. The last, Paloma, was born in 1949 when he was 68 years ol. At the age of 90 he was honoured by an exhibition in the Louvre in Paris. He was the first living artist to be shown there. Picasso created over 6,000 paintings, drawings, and sculptures. Today, a Picasso costs. millions of pounds. Once, when the French Minister of Culture was visiting Picasso, the artist accidentally spilled some paint on the Minister's trousers. Picasso apologized and wanted to pay for them to be cleaned, but the Minister said, ‘Non! Please, Monsieur Picasso, just sign my trousers!" Picasso died of heart failure during an attack of influenza in 1973.ERNEST HEMINGWAY was one of the great American writers of the twentieth century. He was born on 21 July 1899, in Oak Park, Mlinois, the second of six children. His family was strict and very religious, His father taught his children a love fof nature and the outdoor life. Ernest caught his first fish at the age of three, and was given a shotgun for his twelfth birthday. His mother taught him a love of ‘music and art. At school, he was good at English and wrote for the school newspaper. He graduated in 1917, but he didn’t go to college. He ‘went to Kansas City and worked as 2 journalist for the Star newspaper. He learned a lot, but left after only six months to go to war. Hemingway was fascinated by war, He had wanted to become a soldier, Dut couldn't because he had poor eyesight. Instead, in the First World War, he became an ambulance driver and was sent to Italy, where he was wounded in 1918. After the ‘war, he went to live in Paris, where he was encouraged in his work by the American writer Gertrude Stein. In the 1930s, he became a war correspondent in the Spanish Civil War and World War Il. Many of his books were about war. His most successful book, For Whom the Bell ‘Tolls, was written in 1940 and is about the Spanish Civil War. Another novel, A Farewell to Arms, is about the futility of war. Hemingway's success in writing ‘was not mirrored by similar success in his personal life. He married four times, His first wife divorced him in 1927. He immediately married again and moved to Key West, Florida, where he enjoyed hunting, fishing, and drinking, but he also suffered ‘rom depression. This wasn't helped when, in 1928, his father committed suicide. Hemingway's health was not good and he had many accidents, ‘Wo more marriages failed and he began to drink heavily. In 1954, he survived two plane crashes. In October of the same year he vas awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, but he was too il to receive it in person. His final years were taken up with health problems and alcohol. He began to lose his memory and he couldn't write any more On Sunday, 2 July 1961, Hemingway killed himselt with 2 shotgun, just as his father had done // before him. 5 Answer the questions about your person. 1 Where and when was he born? When and how did he die? Did he have a happy family life? 3. How did his parents play a part in his career? 4 What do you think were the most important events in his early life? 5 When did he move to Paris? Who did he meet there? 6 How did war play a part in his life? 7 How many times was he married? 8. Which of these dates relate to your person? What do they refer to? Teo 197 1918 1971928 19371940 19491954 6 Find a partner from the other group and go through the questions in exercise 5. ‘What similarities and differences can you find between the two men? They were both born inthe nineteenth century. Picasso was spoiled, but Hemingway's parents wore strict. Gina What tense are these verbs? Guernica was painted by Pablo Picasso. ‘A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls were written by Ernest Hemingway. Find more examples in the texts and ‘underline them, ‘Complete the sentences with the auriliaries was, were, or had. Pablo’ father left the room. When he returned, Pablo completed ‘the pictur, Picasso __ given his father’s palette and brushes. Both Hemingway and Picasso _ living in Paris when they met Gertrude Stein Both men __ honoured in their lifetime. D> Grammar Reference 35 p139 Unit 3 + Telling tales 27G AND WRITING Books and films Work in groups. Do you have a favourite book or film? Cus Why do you like it? Tell your group. SRNL Look at the list of books and films. Which do you know? Which are both book and fii Ci Dracula C0 Titanic CO Frankenstein 1 Captain Corellis Mandolin Spiderman 1 The Godfather Ti Harry Potter and the Star Wars Philosophers Stone 1 The Lord of the Rings i The Silence of the Lambs] The Sun Also Rises Listen to four friends chatting about their favourite books and films. Tick (/) the titles they mention in exercise 2. What do they say about them? Discuss with your group, then with the class. 4 Write some notes about a book or film that you know and like. Use these questions to help you. Discuss your notes with a partner. + What’ it called? + Who are the main characters? + Who wrote it? + Where does it take place? + Who directed it? + Whats it about? + Who starred in it? + Why do you like it? Use your notes to write a paragraph about the book or film that you chose 28 Unit3 - Telling talesEVERYDAY ENGLISH Giving opinions 1 What do the underlined words refer to in these sentences? [twas really boring! I fell asleep during the fist act. apley b I didn’t like his first one, but I couldn’t put his latest cone down until the last page. © Itwas excellent. Have you seen it yet? It stars Julia Kershaw and Antonio Bellini. She's usually good, but I don't think she was right for this part. € [think they spoil them. They always give them. whatever they want. It was a nice break, but the weather wasn't very good. ‘They were delicious. John had tomato and morzarella and I had tuna and sweetcorn It was really exciting, especially when David Stuart scored in the closing minutes. 2 Match questions 1-8 with the opinions in exercise 1 Did you like the film? a 2. What did you think of the play? =] 3 Did you like your pizzast Oo 4 Do you like Malcolm Baker's novels? C] 5 What do you think of their children? [) 6 What was your holiday like? Oo 7 What did you think of Sally Cotter? J] 8 What was the match like? o Listen and check. Practise the questions and answers with a partner, Write down some things you did, places you went to, and people you met last week. Work with a partner and ask for and give opinions about them. Really? What was it ike?) Tet Maria's sister. TyDoing the right thing Modal verbs 1 obligation and pe Tk ee TEST YOUR GRAMMAR F Tm sorry, but I Look at the sentences have to go now. ‘an 1. Write the negatives should 2 Write the questions. "| enest | 8 3. Write the third person singular. have 4 Which verb is different? TEENAGERS AND PARENTS have (got) to, can, and be allowed to 1 Listen to Sarah and Lindsay, aged 14 and 15. What are some of the things they like and don’t like about being a teenager? 2 Complete the sentences. 1 You g0 to work. 2 You pay bills 3 You g0 out with your friends, 4 Talways tell my mum and dad where Pm going. 5 What ime get back home? 6 You buy whatever you want, 7 Adults worry about paying the bills 8 They always do what they want a ee eee et Lindsay talks about her parents. What are some of the things they have to do and don’t have to do? 01 go.1 do my homework. ‘Her mother has to... ‘Her father ... Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences. 30 Unit 4 + Doing the right thing(Gian Which two sentences mean the same? am allowed to | can have to stay at my friend's house tonight. Which sentence expresses obligation? Which sentences ‘express permission? ‘Complete the sentences with have to or don't have to. Children g0 to school. Millionaires work. You {0 to England if you want to learn English. In England, you Have got to and have to both express obligation. Have got to refers to an obligation now or soon. Its often reduced to gotta /gota/ when we speak, especially in American English, I've got to go now. Bye! D> Grammar Reference 41 pl40 drive on the left PRACTICE Discussing grammar 1 Put these sentences into the negative, the question, and the past. 1. Henry can swim. Henry can't swim. Can Henry swin? Henry could swim. have to wear a uniform. She has to work hard. He can do what he likes. We're allowed to wear jeans. Talking about you 2 Look at the chart. Make true sentences about you and your family. | don’t have todo the cooking. A B ic 1 g0 to work My parents have to get up early. My mother hasto 0 shopping, My father don't have to | clean my room. My sister doesn't have to | do the cooking. My brother had to take out the rubbish. My grandparents | didn't have to | do the washing, My husband/wife do the washing-up Compare your sentences with a partner. 3 Complete the sentences with ’ve got to/s got to and a line from C in exercise 2 1 Where's my briefcase? I 2. Look at those dirty plates! We 3. Pamela and Charles don't have any food in their house. They 4 John needs to get an alarm clock. He tomorrow. 5 haven't got any clean socks. I x 6 The chef’ ill, so the waiter Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences. 4 Work in groups. Talk about your school. + Ate/Were your teachers strict? + What are/were you allowed to do? + What arent/werentt you allowed to do? Unit 4 + Doing the right thing 31Signs 5 What do these signs mean? Use have to/don’t have to, canjcan’, or (not) be allowed to. ie Admission Tad Or «10.00 | Co & No parking lgam-6pm Moni 9 No statboarng] What do you think? Isit the same in your country? InBritain .. + you can get married when youre 16 + you cant drink alcohol until youre 18, + you have to wear a seat-belt in a cer. + you can vote when youte 18 + young people don't have to do military service. + there are lots of public places where you arent allowed tosmoke 32 Unit 4 + Doing the right thing PLANNING A TRIP should and must 1 Antony and his friend George are going to travel around Asia. Listen to them talking about their trip. What two decisions do they make? 2 Practise the conversation. A Tcan't stop thinking about this trip. G Same here. I spend all my time just looking at maps. A. What do you think? Should we take cash or traveller's cheques? G T think we should take traveller's cheques. __ Itilbe safer. eah, I think you're right. i we go to Thailand? nt think we should goMatch a line in A with a sentence in B to make more suggestions. Use I think/don’t think we should ... | think we should buy some guidebooks. They'l give us alot of information. A B + buy some guidebooks. ~\ | Our bags will be too heavy take plenty of suncream,| _ to carry +-Pack too many clothes. || 1 have some friends there. take anything valuable. 0 to Japan frst. "go anywhere dangerous. have some vaccinations. We don't want to get Il be really hot That would be realy stupid. They give usa lot of information, We might lose it. EBB Listen to Antony and his grandmother. She is worried about the boys’ trip. Grandmother You must write to us every week! Antony Yes, Iwill Grandmother You mustn't lose your passport! Antony No, Iwon't. ‘Work with a partner. Make similar conversations between Antony and his grandmother. Use the prompts and must [mustn't + look after your money «+ talk to strangers * g0 out when its dark + drink too much beer + make sure you eat well | + have a bath regularly + phone us if youre in trouble + g0 anywhere that’s dangerous GEIB Listen and check. cere 1 Look at the sentences below. We should take travelle’s cheques You must look after your money. Which sentence expresses strong obligation? Which sentence expresses a suggestion? 2. What type of verb are should and must? >> Grammar Reference 4.2 pl40 PRACTICE Suggestions and rules 1. Make suggestions. Use I think/don't think... should. 1 Peter's got the flu. | think he should go to bed. I don't think he shoud goto work. 2. I've lost my cheque book and credit cards. ‘Tony got his driving licence last week, and now he wants to drive from London to Edinburgh. My teenage daughter doesnt get out of bed until noon, I never have any money! Jane and Paul are only 16, but they want to get married. T'm really fed up with my job. My grandparents complain they don’t go out enough. Do you have any problems? Ask the clas for advice. 2. Write some rules for your school. ‘Students must arive for lessons on time. Anew job 3 Dave is about to start a new job. Listen to him talking to the manager. ‘What’ the job? 4. Work with a partner. Choose a job. ‘Then ask and answer questions about the responsibilities, hours, breaks, et. Student A. You are going to start the job next week. Student B You are the boss. What time do Ihave to start? Dol have to wear a uniform? When can I take a break? Check it 5 Correct these sentences. Do you can help me? What time have you to start work? ‘We no allowed to wear jeans at school. We no can do what we want. ‘My mother have to work very hard six days a week, You no should smoke, It’s bad for your health, Passengers must to have a ticket. Gin! Unit 4 + Doing the right thing 33READING AND SPEAKING How to behave abroad Are these statements true (/) or false (X) for people in your country? 1 ) When we meet someone for the first time, we shake hands. 2D Friends kiss on both cheeks when they meet or when they say goodbye. 3 C] We often invite people to our home for a meal. 4 D1 Ifyou have arranged to do something with friends, its OK to be a little late. 5 C1] You shouldn't yawn in public. 6 C1 Wecall most people by their first names. 2. Read the text A World Guide to Good Manners. These lines have been taken out of the text. Where do they go? a many people prefer not to discuss business while eating b_ some businesses close in the early afternoon for a couple of hours ¢ for greeting, eating, or drinking d_ the deeper you should bow € should wear long-sleeved blouses and skirts below the knee Answer the questions, 1 What nationality do you think the people in the pictures are? 2. What are the two differences between the American and the Japanese greeting? 3. List some of the clothes you think women shouldn't wear in Asian and Muslim countries. 4 Is your main meal of the day the same as in Italy or Spain? 5. In which countries do they prefer not to discuss business during meals? 6 What are some of the rules about business cards? 7 Why is it not a good idea to say to your Japanese business colleagues, ‘I don't feel like staying out late tonight’? 8 Which Extra Tips are about food and drink? Which ones are about general behaviour? hat do you think? Discuss these questions in groups. + Theresa saying in English: When in Rome, doas the Romans do’ What does ‘itmean? Do you agree? Do you have similar saying in your language? + Think of one or two examples of bad manners in your country. For example, in Britain its considered impolite to ask people how much they earn, ‘+ What advice would you give somebody coming to live and work in your country? Unit 4 + Doing the right thingA WORLD GUIDE TO Good Manners How not to behave badly abroad Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a global village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way. * Greetings How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time? An American or Canadian shakes your hand firmly while looking you straight in the eyes. In many parts of Asia, there is no physical contact at all. In Japan, you should bow, and the more respect you want to show, (1)__. In Thailand, the greeting is made by pressing both hands together at the chest, as if you are praying, and bowing your head slightly. In both countries, eye contact is avoided asa sign of respect. * Clothes Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn't wear. In Asian and Muslim countries, you shouldn't reveal the body, especially women, who (2)__. In Japan, you should take off your shoes ‘when entering a house or a restaurant. Remember to place them neatly together facing the door you came in. This is also true in China, Korea, ‘Thailand, and Iran. * Food and drink In Italy, Spain, and Latin America, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours, For this. reason many people eat a light breakfast and alate dinner. In Britain, you might hhave a business lunch and do business as you eat, In Mexico and Japan, (3)__. Lunch isa time to relax and socialize, and the Japanese rarely drink alcohol at lunchtime. In Britain and the United States, it's not umusual to have a business meeting over breakfast, and in China it’s common to have business banquets, but you shouldn't discuss business during the meal © Doing business In most countries, an exchange of business cards is essential for all introductions. You should include your company name and your position. If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the reverse side of your card printed in the local language. In Japan, you must present your card with both hhands, with the writing facing the person you are giving itt. In many countries, business hours are from 9,00 oF 10,00 to 5.00 oF 6.00 However in some countries, such as Greece, Italy, and Spain, (4) then remain open until the evening. Japanese business people consider it their professional duty to go out after work with colleagues to restaurants, bars, or nightclubs. If you are invited, you shouldn't refuse, even if you don't feel like staying out late. HERE ARE SOME EXTRA TIPS BEFORE YOU TRAVEL: 1 Inmany Asian cultures, itis acceptable to smack your lips When you eat, It means that the food is good 2. In France, you shouldn't sit down ina café until youve shaken hands with everyone you know. 3 In India and the Middle East, {you must never use the left hand ie 4 InChina, your host will keep refilling your dish unless you lay {your chopsticks across your bowl 5 Most South Americans and Mexicans like to stand very close to the person they're talking to. You shouldn't back away 6 In Russia, you must match your hosts drink for drink or they will think you unfriendly, 7 Inlreland, social events ‘sometimes end with singing ‘and dancing. You may be asked tosing. 8 In America, you should eat {your hamburger with both hands and as quickly as possible. You shouldn't try to have a conversation until its eaten, Unit 4 + Doing the right thing 35VOCABULARY LISTENING AND SPEAKING Nationality words Come round to my place! 1 Match a line in A with a line in B. 1. Have you ever been a guest in someone's home in a foreign Notice the stress. country? When? Why? What was different? A 3 2 ‘You will hear three people talking about inviting guests home for a meal. Listen and complete the chart. The Italians | cook lots of noodles and rice. The Chinese | wear kilts on special occasions The British | produce champagne. ‘The Ganadians | eat raw fish, The French _| invented football The Japanese | eat alot of pasta. The Scots | often watch ice hockey on TV. Listen and check. 1 All nationality words have capital letters in English the French the Italians the British If the adjective ends in /s/ /2/, /f or /t{/ there is no -s atthe end of the word for the people Japanese the Japanese Spanish the Spanish Sometimes the word for the people is different from the adjective. Scottish the Scots Finnish the Finns Lucas Bristol England Porto Alegre, Brazil 2 Complete the chart and mark the stress. ‘Add some more countries. Country | Adjective | Asentence about “a the people ‘italy | Italian | The Italians love Food/Drink pasta ‘Germany Australia ‘Scotland 3, Work in small groups. Compare information. ‘Russia 4 What happens in your country? Is it usual to invite people "Mexico to your home for a meal? What are such occasions like in ‘the United your home? ‘States ‘Greece "England ‘Sweden 36 Unit 4 + Doing the right thingEVERYDAY ENGLISH Requests and offers Match a line in A with a line in B, Who is talking? Where do you think the conversations are taking place? A iD Could you bring us the bill, please? ~~ | white or back? Would you gle me your work number, pease? | No problem. i’ stufy in here Can help you? (f course. Oh, shal | give you my mobile number, too? Two lage coffees please. That line’ engaged, Would you ike to hold? Can yu tell me the code for Paris please? | Yes si Il bring it right away I give you it if you tke ‘One moment. ll look up. Would you mind opening the window? Just ooking thanks. Could | have extension 238, please? | That would be great! Could you drop me off atthe library? 2 Listen and check. Which are offers? Which are re é Practise the conversations, paying particular attention to into and stress. D>P Grammar Reference 4.3 and 4.4 pla GERD Listen to the conversations. Complete the chart Who are they? What are they talking about? SEED Listen again. What are the words used to make the requ Roleplay Work with a partner. Choose one of the situations and make conversation using the words. | situation 1 Situation 2 Student A You are a customer in Student A You are moving flat next Student A You are cooking a meal for a restaurant. week. 20 people Student 8 Youare awaiter/waitress. | | Student B Offer to help. Student B Offer to help | Use these words: - Use these words: Use these words: | + table near the window + packboxes prepare the vegetables |+ mew + load the van make the salad | + order + clean stir the sauce + clean fork + look after the plants check the meat + dessert + phone the gas board lay the table + bring the bill + unload the van Unit 4 + Doing the right thing 37TEST YOUR GRAMMAR 1 Match a sentence in A with a sentence in B. Underline the verb forms that refer to the future. What is the difference between them? | aa | 1 The phone’ ringing I think it going to rain, 2. Look at those black clouds! Don't worry tl be spring soon 3 What are you doing tonight? ‘We might goto Prague, or we might go to Budapest. 4 Tim sick and tired of winter! I get it 5 Where are you going on your holiday? Im staying at home. Im going to watch a vide. 2. Answer the questions about you. + What are you doing after class today? + What's the weather forecast for tomorrow?» Where are you going on your next holiday? BEN’S LIST Future forms 1. Ben always writes alist at the beginning of the day. Read his list. Where's he going today? ‘What's he going to do? He's going tothe hairdressers. He's going to buy some sugar. : ings to BUY things $2.42 —taings te = haivcut sugar petal yoghurt dlechicity will — bank will tickets — travel agent tennis balls liorawry Visit Nik? 38 Unit S + On the move2 GED Listen and complete the conversation between Ben and Alice. B I’m going shopping. Do we need anything? A don't think so. .. Ob, hang on. ‘We haven't got any sugar. B It’s OK. Its on my list I___some. ‘What about bread? Good idea! 1 a loat. ‘What time will you be back? don't know. I might stop at Nick's. It depends on how much time I've got A. Don't forget we tennis with Dave and Donna wpe this afternoon, B Don't worry. I forget. I back before then, A OK. Memorize the conversation. Close your books and practise with a partner. 3 Alice also asks Ben to get these things. + stamps + two steaks. + some shampoo + some film for the camera + anewspaper + atin of white paint + avideo +ac Which shops will Ben go to? Work with a partner to make conversations. Gan you get some stamps, please, honey? , a | __ GRAMMAR SPO OK. I'll go to the post office. 1 Look at the future forms in these sentenc or ts on my list. 'm going to buy some. Good ideal 'll get a loaf. In each sentence wi Ben make his decision? Before cr at the moment of speaking? ‘And we need some... Don't forget... es af 2 Which of these sentences exp e possibility prediction, and which a future arrangement? We're playing tennis this afternoon, I might stop at Nick’. | PU be back before then. | DP Grammar R = Unit $ + Onthe move 39PRACTICE Discussing grammar 1 Work with a partner. Underline the correct verb form. 1 ‘Why are you putting on your coat?” “Because I'll take /I'm going to take the dog for a walk? 2 ‘Would you like to go out for a drink tonight?” “How about tomorrow night? il call/'m calling you. 3 ‘What’ the score?” %6-0. They're going to lose | They'll lose? 4 ‘Is Tony's birthday next week? ‘Is it? I didn’t know. [ll send / I'm going to send him. acard? 5 ‘Are you and Alan still going out together?” “Oh yes, we'll get / we're geting married in June’ 6 ‘Where are you going on holiday this year?” “We haven't decided. We might go/ We're going to Italy? What's going to happen? 2 Listen to three short conversations. Say what is going to happen. They're going to catch a plane. 40° Unit S + On the move What do you think will happen? 3. Make sentences using I think... will and the prompts in A. Match them with a sentence in B. | think Jerry will win the tennis match. He's been playing realy wellately. A 8 1 Jerry/win the tennis match But wed better get going. | 2 it/be a nice day tomorrow He's been playing realy welt lately 3. Vpass my exam on Friday. | The forecast is for warm and dry weather. 4 youl the film You have the right qualifications and plenty of experience. 5. we/get to the airport intime 6 you/get the job Ita wonderful story, and ‘the acting is excelent, {ve been studying for weeks. Listen and check. Practise saying them, 4, Make sentences using I don’t think ... will and the prompts in A in exercise 3, Match them with a sentence in. | don't think Jerry will win the tennis match. He hast practised for weeks. ‘There's too much traffic. haven't studied at all “The forecast said rainy and windy. He hasn't practised for weeks “They're looking for someone with more experience. Its a bit boring ten and check. Practise saying them. Talking about you 5. Make true sentences about you starting with I think or [don't think... I/bath tonight the teacher/ give us a lot of homework leat out tonight it/rain tomorrow 1/go shopping this afternoon my partner/be a millionaire one day we/have an exam this weekArranging to meet ‘ Liz and Min Young are arranging to meet over the weekend, What plans do they already have? Listen and complete the chart. Where and what time do they arrange to meet? ‘morning afternoon evening tiny morning afternoon evening 7 Itis Friday morning. Fill in your diary for this weekend, What are you doing? When are you free? Friday morning ‘aftemoon | evening Saturday} morning afternoon evening Sunday ‘aftemoon evening CEU L ALLA A 8 With a partner, think of a reason to get together this weekend. Arrange a day, time, and place to meet. What are you doing this afternoon? Tim going swimming What are you doing on Saturday morning? T might see some friends in town. When you have finished, tell the class when and where you're meeting. We're mecting on Sunday morning at my flat. We're going to... Unit S + On the move 41READING AND SPEAKING 3. Read the article and the brochure on p43, i Which questions from exercise 2 can you Hotels with a clfference answer? With a partner, answer these questions. ‘What is Karen job? ‘Why does she take working holidays? ‘What is her idea of a perfect holiday? Why does she spend her holidays at home? + Animals are mentioned. Which ones, and why? 1 Look at the photos of the three hotels and answer these questions. + Which countries do you think they are in? + What do you think people can do on holiday there? 2. Write another question about each hotel. ymplete the chart about Karen's trips to Canada and Dubai. Canada| Dubai Which hotel is she staying at? How long is she staying there? Whats special about the hotel and her room? What's she going t0 do there? 5 Work with a partner. Look again at the brochure for the Baobab Rivers Lodge. Ask and answet questions about Karen's trip there. Language work Find words or expressions in the text with similar meanings My ideal holiday 1 doing nothing lazing 2. stopping to look around in 3 I'm very interested in 4, move around without any hurry usta ON VEIN) What's that funny “ id horizontal tube at the top? J Mubusiness holidays in an exiting and impressive way = 6 things that should not be missed What do you think? + Do you know any unusual holiday destinations? + In your opinion, what is the ideal holiday? + Where are you going for your next holiday? He BAOBAB RIVERS LODGE How do you get there? 42 Unit 5 + Onthe move Citi PP Coto p109| ‘ < My kind ofholiday She travels for her job, but when it’s her own holiday, Karen Saunders stays at home. Karen Saunders has her own travel agency in Mayfair, London that sends people all over the world on their dream holidays. | She needs to know where she’s sending them, so she goes on working holidays four or five times a year. My ideal holiday My ideal holiday has a little bit of everything. I like lazing on a beach with a pile of books, but then I get bored and Teed to do something. I love exploring new places, especially on foot, and nosing around in churches, shops, museums, and restaurants I'm very into cooking, so I love going around markets and food stores. However, I must confess that my favourite ‘holiday resort’ is home. | travel so much in my job that just waking up in my own bed is heaven. I potter around the house in my pyjamas, read the paper, do some gardening, shop for some food, then make a delicious meal in the evening, My business holidays I have three trips coming up. I'm looking forward to going to Canada soon, where I'm staying for four nights at the Ice Hotel. This is a giant igloo situated in Montmorency Fall Park, just 20 minutes from downtown Quebec. It is made from 4,500 tons of snow and 250 tons of ice, and it takes 5 weeks to build. It will stay open for three months. When the spring arrives, it will melt. Then it will be built again for next year - maybe in a different place! Each room is supplied with a sleeping bag made from deer skins. The hotel has two art galleries featuring ice sculptures, and an ice cinema. It also has a bar where all the drinks come in glasses made of ice. Of course I'll visit them all! In complete contrast to the Ice Hotel, I'm going to Dubai the following month, to stay a few days at the spectacular Burj al-Arab, which means the Arabian Tower. It's shaped like a giant sail, and it rises dramatically out of the Arabian Gulf. Each room has sea views. 1 really want to try the restaurant in the tube at the top next to the helipad. Other must-dos include shopping in the markets, called souks. (You can buy designer clothes, perfumes, and spices, but what I want is some gold jewellery.) T'm also going to visit the camel races. The next trip, different again, is to Baobab Rivers, in Selous, Tanzania, for a seven-day THE BAOBAB RIVERS LODGE IN SELOUS, TANZANIA Su MTEL Ca ta eet WHAT TO SEE _ Each tre-top room has views over the vast forested banks of the Rufij River, which runs through one of the largest game reserves in Atica WHAT TO DO Safari by Land Rover in search of elephants, rhinos, and lions; or by boat along the Rufiji River in search (of crocodiles, hippos, and rare birds BLISTENING AND VOCABULARY A weather forecast 1 Complete the chart with words from the box. ‘sunny snowing Adjective ‘Noun Verb ‘Adjective | Noun ae ie ~ = snowy stormy | |210 0) es unm The sus ws | ice towing | [ED wind icy oud rn Ws t Ws | snow cloudy = | __| es Sieg ning — — tape nm [Ede] _ i FOG) sunshine (fandedtorm @> Ws The winds ts 1 Look at the map of Western Europe. Can you name the countries 1-102 3 Work in four groups A-D. Listen I 3 5 7 9 to the weather forecast and make notes 4 é 8 i about your part. When you have finished, == SS Ss swap information, Which countries make up Scandinavia? Find them on the map. 4. Work with a partner. What's the weather In pairs, choose two of the cout + theclimate + the capital city ‘A. Northern ireland, Scotland, Scandinavia T ‘weather | temperatures England, Wales, northern France, Belgium, Holland weather | ‘temperatures nntries and talk about: like where you are today? What do you + geographical features think it will be like tomorrow? Write a Beonph forecast and read it to the cass.EVERYDAY ENGLISH Travelling around 1 Here are some lines from conversations on different kinds of transport. Where does each conversation take place? Choose from the box. car bus taxi underground train plane ferry 1 Do you think i'l be a rough crossing? Excuse me, I think those seats facing the front are ours. 3 Were going to Market Street. Could you tell us when it’s our stop? Can you take us to the airport? Can I take these bags on with me? ‘Thaficall rigit:You cenckeep the 2 Match a line from exercise 1 with a reply. ch ee a 0 Look! You drive and I'l give directions from now on! Right? 7 Excuse me, are we landing on time? 8 No,no! He said turn lefat the lights, b Ol Ofcourse, Hop in! not right! ¢ C1 I'm sorry. Only one item of hand luggage per passenger. 9 How do I get to Oxford Circus? d Oh, I'm sorry. We didn’t know they were reserved. e C1 Yes, We're beginning our descent soon. £ C) Well, the forecast is good, so it should be pretty smooth. g Cl Just sit near the front and I'l cal it out h Gl Take the Piccadilly Line, eastbound, and change at Green Park. iO Thanks a lot. Do you want a hand with those bags? wt Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner. Roleplay ‘Work with a partner. You are in a hotel. Student A You are the receptionist. Student B You are a guest. The guest has several requests, and calls the front desk from his/her room, Use these situations. Change roles after three conversations. + There are no towels in the room + You like some coffee and a sandwich in your room. + You want the telephone number ofthe railway station + You want the front desk to recommend a good place to eat: You cat get the television to work. You want a wake-up cll at 700 in the mornin. You want to order a tal to take you to the airport. =a Gould you send some up, please? ’ Certainly. I'll take care of it right away. r UnitS + Onthe move 45I just love it! r TEST YOUR GRAMMAR 1 Complete these sentences about you. 11 ook just like my... 2 like my coffee... 3. On Sundays, like. 2 Tell the class some ofthe things you wrote, A STUDENT VISITOR Questions with like Co 4 After this class, fdlke to... 5. When Fm on holiday | enjoy « 6 Yesterday evening | decided to Pen Crd 1 Many students go to study in a foreign country. Do you know anyone who has studied abroad? 2 Sandy and her friend Nina in Melbourne, Australia, are talking about a student visitor from South Korea. Complete the conversation using these questions. What does she What does she look like? Sandy Nina Sandy Nina Sandy ce doing? How is she now? What would she like to do? Our student from Seoul arrived on Monday. ‘What's her name? Soon-hee. ‘That's pretty name! (). She's really nice. P'm sure we'll get on ‘well. We seem to have a lot in common. How do you know that already? Q). ‘Well, she likes dancing, and so do I. And we both like listening to the same kind of music. @) Oh, she’s realy pretty. She has big, brown eyes and long, dark hai. What Nina Sandy Nina Sandy Nina she ike? ‘Why don’t we do something with Soon-hee this weekend? ‘What should we do? Get a pizza? Go clubbing? (4) ___ Till ask her tonight. She was a bit homesick at first, so I'm pretty sure she'll want to go out and make some friends. a ‘Oh, she’s OK. She called her parents and she felt much better after she'd spoken to them. Oh, that’s good. I can't wait to meet her. GHBD Listen and check, Practise the conversation with a partner, 46 Unit 6 + J just love it! Fn icee Write a question from exercise 2 next to the correct definition Question Definition Tell me about her because | don't know anything about her. Tell me about her physical appearance. Tell me about her interests and hobbies. Tell me about her preferences for tomorrow evening Tell me about her health or happiness. Which questions use ike as a verb? Which questions use like as. a preposition? DP Grammar Reference 6.1~6.3 ppl42-143 Talking about you 1 Ask and answer with a partner + What do you lke doing atthe weekend? + Who do you look like in your family? + How are your parents and grandparents? ‘+ What is your best friend lke? ‘+ What’ your schoo lke? + What does your teacher (ook like? Listening and asking questions 2 Listen and tick (/) the question each person is answering. 1 © Do you like Thai food? What's Thai food like? Who does Bridget look like? What's Bridget like? How’s your brother? What's your brother like? What does she like? What does she look like? What's the weather like there? Do you like the weather there? What does he look like? What's he like? What do you like doing on holiday? What was your holiday like? What kind of books do you like? (1 What kind of books would you like? ooo oo oo ooo00 00 Unit 6 + I just love it! 47A THANK-YOU LETTER Verb patterns Soon-hee has returned home to Seoul, Read her letter and choose the correct verb form, Seoul December 15 Dear Sandy and family, 1 just wantece (i Ge say)? saying thank yas Rae Cio tate a as your guest in your beautiful home. I had a great ey vim. I really enjoyed (3) meeting / to meet your friends. You all made me (4) fee! / to fee! 30 welcome. You know how much I missed my family at first, but you were 50 kind that I soon stopped (9) to foe! / feeling homesick. 1 can't tind the words Yo tell you how grateful I am. Ta. like (6) fo call / e: Hing you. What's a good time to call? You know that on my way home I stopped (1) fo visit 7 visiting Vay Un are eae a 50 hot! If was over 65 degrees all the time bot 1 absolutely loved it. My aunt wanted (2) that I stay / me to stay longer, but 1 wanted (2) fo see / soving mp parents and my brother, Sang but she's imitebime (10) fo go / going back and Wa love | 11) to ao / to acing Paap Pm PhinRIng of (12) 92 / going next you? Anyway, Tm looking forward fo (13) hear / hearing from Se). wr fo visit Seoul. My brother and I could fake you to a ‘norebang' (a singing room). It's @ bit like karaoke! Love to you all, ISON A ORIVE Soon-h OON-hEE WRNE s100 ps. Do you like the pleture of Sang-chel and mat RALIA a 48. Unit 6 + | just love it! isten and checkER Verb patterns Complete these examples from Soon-hee' letter. a really enjoyed __ your fiends b just wanted thank PRACTICE What's the pattern? 1 Write the examples from Soon-hee’s letter on the chart. verb | verbs to +-ing | + infinitive ‘verb + sb+ to | verb+sb + infinitive reposition + infinitive (no fo) | + -ing you. My aunt wanted longer. 4 Yousll made 30 welcome. Thank you meas your guest. Match a sentence with a picture. 1 They stopped to talk to each other. 2 They stopped talking to each other. ‘Whats the difference in meaning between sentences 1 and 2? Complete these examples from the letter. | soon stopped __ homesick. I stopped ‘my aunt. D> Verb patterns piss ‘enjoyed meeting 2 GERD Listen to the sentences. Write each verb in the correct column, exercise 1 promise succeed in let tell ask help finish need hate fo rget don't mind look forward to ‘Check your answers on p158. Discussing grammar 3. In these sentences, two verbs are correct and one is not. Tick (7) the correct verbs. 1 My father to mend my bike. a Zipromised b Cleouldnt c WZltried 2 She her son to turn down his music. a Chased b Clwanted ¢ Ci made 31 going on long walks. a Crefuse b Cleantstand © Clove 4 We to go shopping, a Cineed b Cidlove © Cenjoy 5 She me do the cooking. a Clwanted b Chmade c Chelped 61 working for the bank 20 years ago. a Distarted b Distopped ¢ Ci decided 4 Make correct sentences using the other verbs in exercise 3. My father couldn't mend my bike. Unit 6 + I just love itt 49READING AND SPEAKING The world’s favourite food 1 Do you know any typical dishes from these countries? Discuss with: the class. + Spain + Japan + Merico + taly + Hungary + the United states * Germany +» China + England Can you think of any foods that might be popular in all of the countries above? 2. Which of these are fish or seafood? ‘garlic anchovies eel squid herring salmon peas shrimp pineapple bacon tuna sweetcorn 3 Work in groups. Read the text quickly and find the foods in exercise 2. How many other foods can you find? isten and repeat. 4 Read the text again and answer the questions. 1 What does MeDonald’s Golden Arches span the globe mean? 2. What are the similarities and differences between the hamburger and the pizza? 3. What year was pizza invented? 4 Which came first, picea or plakuntos How are they different from pizza? Why are Mexico and Peru important in the development of pizza? ‘What do the Italian flag and a Pizza Margherita have in common? ‘When and how did pizza become really popular in the United States? 5 Work in groups. Read Pizza Trivia again and make questions. How many ...? How much ...? Which month... Where and when...? Which toppings ...? Close your books. Ask and answer questions. What do you think? + Which facts in Pizza Trivia do you find most interesting? Why? + Why do different countries prefer such different toppings? + Do you like pizza? What are your favourite toppings? + What are the most popular places to eat in your country? Why? + What is your favourite place to eat? Language work Study the text and find an example of: + like used as a verb like used asa preposition verb + ing form verb + infinitive adjective + infinitive Unit 6 + 1 just love itIt's kind of silly to talk about the moment when pizza was ‘invented’, It gradually evolved over the years, but one thing's for certain - it's been around for a very long time. The idea of using pieces of flat, round bread as plates came from the Greeks. They called them ‘plakuntos’ and ate them with various simple toppings such as oil, garlic, onions, and herbs. The Romans enjoyed eating something similar and called it ‘picea’. By about 1000 A.D. in the city of Naples, ‘picea’ had become ‘pizza’ and people were experimenting with more toppings: cheese, ham, anchovies, and finally the tomato, brought to Italy from Mexico and Peru in the sixteenth century. Naples became the pizza capital of the world. In 1889, King Umberto | and (Queen Margherita heard about pizza ‘and asked to try it. They invited pizza maker, Raffaele Esposito, to make it for them. He decided to make the pizza like the Italian BAL PIZZA So you thought the hamburger was the world’s most popular fast food? After all, McDonald's Golden Arches span the globe. But no, there is another truly universal fast food, the ultimate fast food. It’s easy to make, easy to serve, much more varied than the hamburger, can be eaten with the hands, and it's delivered to your front door or served in fancy restaurants. It’s been one of America’s favourite foods for over 50 years. It is, of course, the pizza. flag, so he used red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese, and green basil leaves. The Queen loved it and the new pizza was named ‘Pizza Margherita’ in her honour. Pizza migrated to America with the Italians at the end of the nineteenth century. The first pizzeria in the United States was opened in 1905 at 53% Spring Street, New York City, by Gennaro Lombardi, But the popularity of pizza really exploded when American soldiers returned from Italy after World War Il and raved about ‘that great Italian dish’. Americans are now the greatest producers and consumers of pizza in the world. i TRIVIA 1. Americans eat 350 slices of pizza per second. 2 There are 61,269 pizzerias in the United States. 3 Pizza is a $30 billion per year industry. 4 october is national pizza month in the United States. 5 The world's first pizzer a > shich opened in Naples in 1830, is still there. Pizza Hut has over 12,000 restaurants and takeaway outlets in over 90 countries. 7 in America, pepperoni is the favourite topping. Anchovies is the least favourite. 8 In Japan, eel and squid are favourites. In Russia it’s red herring, salmon, and onions. , the Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba, 9 . they like green peas on thelr pizza. Austral the favours ae shrimp and pineapple. (0 The French love bacon and creme fraiche on theirs. The English love tuna and sweetcorn. 51VOCABULARY Adjectives for food, towns, and people 1 Ineeach group, four of the adjectives cannot go with the noun. Which ones? junk fast delicious tasteless fresh lain tasteful éonsie — FOOD eG veget frozen ich POEM atthy starving excited home O'S rivers exciting a ag rane“ TOWN “= ital busy industrial agricultural antique cosmopolitan historic small young sophisticated Jong eldely artque expensive shy bored boring PEOPLE ours mcs tall wealthy sociable ME cde 2. Complete the conversations with adjectives from exercise 1 Where necessary, use the comparative or superlative forms 1A Nick’ really quiet and aword, B Yeah, his brother is much 2A What's Carrie's boyfriend like? . He never says B Well, he’s » dark, and handsome, but he’s not very polite, In fact, he's even than Carrie! 3. A How was your lunch? B Ugh! It was awful. The pizza was We ‘were really , but we still couldn't eat it! 4A Mmm! These tomatoes are really __ Did you grow them yourselves? B Yes, we did. All our vegetables are 5 A Did you have a good time in London? B We had a great time, There's so much to do. It’s a really city, And there are so many people from all over the world. I think it’s nearly as as New York. Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner, Talking about you 3. Work with a partner. Look at p153. 52 Unit 6 + I just love it! LISTENING AND SPEAKING New York and London 1 Look at the pictures of New York and London. Write down what you know about these cities. Compare your lists as a class, Has anyone been to either city? 2 Work in two groups. Group A Listen to Justin and Cinda who are English but live and work in New York. Group B Listen to Alan, an American, who lives and works in London. ‘What do they say about these things? + people + work/holidays — shops + places getting around + food 3. Find a partner from the other group. Compare your information.EVERYDAY EN Signs and sounds 1 Where would you see these things written? 5 A it 4c || | Coats and other articles oe ae = left at owner’s ris] LIGHIS MOKING CAUSES FATAL DISEASES ee Display bnew FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY ono use ater the expiry date st 2 Where would you hear these things? Coming up next — tr Please listen carefully to news, and the weather the following options. To purchase tickets for today’s performance, press ome (( Please place your tray tables in their fly id locked positions Teh alae . How would yx ca S like the money? We apologize fr the dela WRITING: A description (1) login fr theseley ‘om the 18.13 service. Unit 6 + Ijustloveit! 53Pb ] The world of work | TEST YOUR GRAMMAR 1 Answer these questions about you. 1 What do you do? 4 Which foreign countries have you been to? 2. How long have you had your present job? 5 When and why did you go there? 3. What did you do before that? 2. Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Tell the class about your partner. Antonio i a student. He's been at the University of Madrid fr... Before that he was... 3 What tenses ae used inthe questions? THE JOB INTERVIEW Present Perfect 1 Read the job advertisement. Would you like this job? Do you have any of the qualifications? ; ; Business Journalist This international business magazine, with 1,000,000 readers worldwide, is seeking a journalist, based in Geneva, to cover business news in Europe. ory cee rem nee Caos Coe ee ye a Requirements: ‘+ a master’s degree in journalism * at least two years’ experience in business journalism — ‘* fluent in French and German. If possible, some knowledge obepalmal memes coe ‘+ excellent communication skills ; 7 ee ee ‘+ international travel experience is a plus eee note ee See Please send CV and letter of application to: David Benton, Worldwatch Europe IPA. 56 Merrtts Avenue, Overland Park, Reading RG2 GHD Visit us on the web: httpulwww.wep@ipe.co.uk wee ae eee2. GBB Listen to Nancy Mann being interviewed for the job. Do you think she will get it? Why/Why not? 3. Read the first part of Nancy's interview. Complete the sentences with do, did, or have. D Who you work for now, Nancy? N I work for Intertec Publishing. We publish international business magazines. D Ise, And how long you worked for them? NI worked there for nearly five years. No, exactly five years. D And how long you been in charge of Fastern Europe publications? N For two years. D And what you do before you were at Intertec? N I worked for the BBC World Service. Listen again and check. Os 1. Does Nancy still work for Intertec? Does she still work for the BBC? 2 Nancy says: work for Intertec Publishing ve worked there for nearly five years worked for the BBC World Service. What are the different tenses? Why are they used? D>P> Grammar Reference 71 and 7.2 ppl43-144 4 Read and complete the second part of the interview. D As you know; this job is based in Geneva. - you lived abroad before? N Ohyes. Yes, D And when ___you abroad? N Well, in fact, I born in Argentina and there until I was eleven. Also, lived in Berlin for one year, when I working for the BBC. That's interesting. ____ you alot? N Oh yes, yes, absolutely. 1 ‘to most countries in South America and many countries in Europe. [ also to Japan a few times. D Oh yest And why you to Japan? N It was for Intertec. 1 there to interview some Japanese business leaders. Listen and check. Cis BP cotopil2 Unit 7 + The world of work 55PRACTICE IT’S IN THE NEWS Life stories Present Perfect active and passive 1 Here are some more events from Nancy's life, Match a line in A with a time expression in B to tell her life story. 1 Read the Dewspaper headlines. Check any 8 1 She was born for the last five years. Dangerous prisoner escapes 2 She went to school in Buenos Aires | five years ago. 3-‘She studied modern languages nti she was eleven. and journalism ‘hile she was working forthe BBC. 4 ‘She's worked for Intertec twice 5: She left the BBC yet. 6 She lived in Berlin | forthree years at University 7 She's been married | College, London, 8 She's visited Japan in Argentina in 1968. 9 She hasn't heard if she got the ob | afew times. at Worldwatch Europe Listen and check. Then tell Nancy's life story to a partner, 2. Make a similar chart for your own life. Ask your partner to match the events and the times to tell the story of your life. Talking about you 3 Complete the sentences about you. T've known my bestfriend for ... T've been at this school since Thaver't learned to ... yet. Tve never My mother/father has never .. Istarted ... ago. Pve lived in ... since went to ... when I was a child. Have you ever... ? 4 These verbs are all irregular. What is the Past Simple and past participle? 0 write drive lose have read ride sleep be eat win meet DP Irregular verbs p157 5. Work with a partner. Choose from the list below and have conversations. “chen! = s/nteapest soma HEWES NOG ED Our Senn Sama na OUND + be/on TV? + have/an operation? _» read/a book in English? = + lose/your job? eat Indian food? «© write/a poem? . ‘A Have you ever been to California? B__ Yes, Ihave. / No, I haven't. I've never been there. ‘A When did you go there? B Two years ago. I went there on business. ‘Tell the class about your partner. 56 Unit 7 * The world of work2 Read and listen to the TV news headlines of the same stories. Complete the sentences with the words you hear. Fa Wwe rd hate ee Here are today’s news headlines. Convicted murderer Charles Watkins (Q)__has escaped _ from Belmarsh Prison in South London. Two Spanish novelists (2) the Nobel Prize for literature. Hurricane Jeffrey @) the Caribbean, causing widespread damage in Puerto Rico. Two thousand workers from a UK car factory (4) due to a slowdown in the economy, Desmond Lewis (5) in the fifth round of his heavyweight championship fight in Las Vegas. Eetnueras 11 Which of these questions can you answer? Which can't you answer? Why? 1 Who has escaped from jail? 2 Who has awarded the novelists the Nobel Prize? 3 What has hit the Caribbean? 4 Who has laid ff the workers? 5. Who has knocked out Desmond Lewis? 2. Which sentences in exercise 2 are active? Which are passive? D>P> Grammar Reference 73 pl44 PRACTICE Writing news stories 1. Here are some more headlines from newspapers. Make them into TV news headlines. 1 Dangerous prisoner recaptured ‘The murderer Charles Watkins has been recaptured by police. 2. Cruise ship sinks near Florida Famous ex-model leaves £3 milion to pet cat Priceless painting stolen from Madrid art gallery Floods kill 20, 200 more left homeless 6 18-year-old student elected mayor Company Director forced to resign 8 Runner fails drugs test Listen and compare. 2. What's in the news today? What national or international stories do you know? Discussing grammar 3. Discuss where the words in the box can go in these sentences. There are several possiblities. just yet already ever _ never [’ve washed my hair, Have you played basketball? He hasn't learned to drive. ‘They've finished the exercise. She’s learned a foreign language. We've met your teacher. Have they finished doing the washing-up? Has it stopped raining? 4 Work with a partner. Underline the correct verb form. 1 The President has resigned / has been resigned and a new president has elected / has been elected. 2. His resignation announced / was announced yesterday on television. 3. ‘Where did you go/ have you gone on your last holiday?’ “To Peru. It was fabulous? 4 ‘Did John ever go / Has John ever been to Paris?” ‘Oh, yes. Five times. 5 The plane took off has taken offa few minutes ago. 6 A huge snowstorm has hit / has been hit Toronto. Over 40cm of snow fell as fallen over the past twelve hours. Residents have advised / have been advised to stay at home. Unit 7 + The world of work 57READING AND SPEAKING Dream jobs 1. What is your dream job? Close your eyes and think about it. ‘Then answer these questions. Does the job require alot of training or experience? Isit well-paid? Does it involve working with other people? Isit indoors or outdoors? Do you need to be physically strong to doit? Isit dangerous? Does it involve travel? Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions to guess each other’s dream jobs. 2. Here are the stories of three people who believe they have found their dream job. Work in three groups. Group A Read about Stanley Karras, the hurricane hunter, Group B Read about Linda Spelman, the trapeze artist. Group C Read about Michael Doyle, the cowboy in the sky. Answer the questions in exercise 1 about your person. 3. Find a partner from the other two groups and compare information. + Which of the jobs do you find most interesting? + Would you like to do any of them? 4. Read the other two articles quickly. Answer the questions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Who gets on well with the people they work with? Who took up gymnastics? ‘Who hasn't come up with an experiment to do in space yet? ‘Whose job was handed down from father to son? Who is cut off from his/her family? Who finds it exciting to end up in different cities and countries? Who often takes off at a moment's notice? Who came across an ad? ‘Who wants to carry on working until they are at least 50? ‘Who gave up work as a lawyer? Language work ‘The underlined words in exercise 4 are all phrasal verbs. Match them with a verb or expression from the box below. start doing (a hobby) separated from leave the ground and fly stop doing finally find yourself think of have a good relationship with find by chance continue pass down Roleplay Work with a partner. Look at p153. 58 Unit7 + The world of work [SThere’s no such thing as _ an average day in my job! Stanley Karras works as a meteorologist in Tampa, Florida. It’s his job to follow hurricanes by plane and provide information about them to scientists. How did you get the job? 1 was working for the National Meteorological Office in Bracknell, near London, in the autumn of 1995, and I saw a documentary with my family called Stormchasers. It ‘was about hurricane hunters and I thought, ‘Wow, that’ an interesting job’ As it happened, two months later I came across an ad for a meteorologist to work in Florida with the same people who had made the documentary. I applied, was interviewed over the phone, moved to the US, and started work here in Tampa in May 1996, What do you like most about it? I love the travel T've been all over the world chasing hurricanes. I's exciting to end up in different cities and different countries day after day. If you're a meteorologist, you have to love flying, I also love working with top Scientists, Ive learned so much from them. For me, it's like a classroom in the sky. What's an average day like? There's no such thing as an average day in my job! Itall depends on the ‘weather, and you can't control that. We often take off at a moment's notice to chase storms. I'm the fone who decides whether we fly low through a storm. I don’t want to take us into a hurricane that could be particularly nasty. Nave you made any sacrifices todo this ob? Yes, one big ‘one. 'm away from my family. They all ive in the UK. My wife's with me, of course, but her family is also in the UK, so we're pretty cut off from all of them. What would you tike to do next? I'l like to join a space programme and be the first meteorologist in space, but haven't come up with an experiment to do in space yet. There aren't any hurricanes! What advice would you give to someone who wanted to do your job? Study maths and science and get a degree in meteorology. I've taken the hurricane hhunter path, but you could be a weather forecaster cor do research. Its a fascinating subject and the pay's pretty good.The Trapeze 6You only live once so why stay in a boring job?9| inda Spelman was a lawyer who found a new career in a circus. She now works as a trapeze artist, travelling with circuses throughout Canada, Europe, and East Asia. How did you get the job? That's quite a long story. My father’s a lawyer, so I thought I'd become one, too. Studying law was really, really hard work, so I took up gymnastics in the evenings to help me relax. When. [finally passed my exams, I thought, "I need a break [want to travel and learn a language.’ I'd heard of the Ecole Nationale du Cirque in Montreal, so T thought T'll join the circus. I went to Canada and did a trapeze course and, amazingly, I was good at it. at do you like most about it? The excitement and the travel. I always wanted (o travel and learn languages and I've done all of that. Also, I get on really well with circus people. They're all nationalities. I've learned so much about life from them, What's an average day like? Everyone has to help in the circus, $0 you begin the day in a new town handing out flyers. In the afternoon, you work in the box office and rehearse, Then you do the act in the evening. At the end of a week, I'm so tired I spend a day in bed. Last month nwisted my shoulder and couldn't work for a week. Have you made any sacrifices to do this job? No, I haven't, not really. I gave up doing something that I hated and I'm doing something that T love. I do miss my familly sometimes, but that's all. And of course I earn a lot less than a lawyer, What would you like to do next? I'm 34 now. I like to carry on doing this until I'm at least 50. There are Russian trapeze artists still going strong in their fifties. What advice would you give to someone who wanted to do your job? You need to be fit and strong and have a good head for heights. But generally, 'd say to anyone with a dream, ‘Go for itt You only live once, so why stay in a boring job?" éMany of today’s ironworkers are descendants of the men who built New York’s first skyscrapers.? Michael Doyle is an ironworker in New York City. He's one of 100 of so ironworkers currently erecting the steel frame of a new 4o-storey building in Times Square. These ironworkers are known as ‘cowboys in the sky" How did you get the job? Ironwork is a trade that i still handed down from father to son. Many of today's ironworkers are descendants of the men who built New York's first skyscrapers, My great-grandfather came over from Ireland in 1930 to work on the construction of the Empire State Building. My father and grandfather were also ironworkers. ‘What do you like most about it? To me, ironworkers are the kings of construction. We make the skeleton that the other workers build on. We have real pride in our work - you look at the New York skyline and think ‘I helped build that’ Also, we work hard, we play hard. We get on well together. We ironworkers depend on each other for our lives. Ob, and the pay is good! What's an average day like? You never stop in this job. Eight hours a day, from seven in the morning until three in the afternoon. You're moving all the time. The crane lifts the iron girders and you have to move them into place. There's always danger. I’s a fact of life for us. Have you made any sacrifices to do this job? Yes, one big ‘one ~ physical health. The wear and tear to the body is ‘enormous. I've fallen three times. My father fell two storeys, lost a finger, and broke his ankles. What would you lke to do next? I'd like to work on something really important like my greatgrandfather did. Or like my father did, who helped build the World ‘Trade Center. I's weird ~ he helped build it and I helped take it away, What advice would you give to someone who wanted to do your job? You need to be strong, really strong. You have to be OK with height. It usually takes about a year to get, used to it. You can't work and hold on with one hand all the time, Many guys try it once, then back off and say, “This is not for me” Unit 7 + The world of work 59VOCABULARY Literal or idiomatic? Phrasal verbs 1 In these pairs of sentences, one meaning of the phrasal verb is literal and the other is idiomatic. Say which is which. The plane has just taken off. 1 There are many examples of phrasal eee ce Please take off your coat and sit down, a verbs in the reading texts on p58~59. b (canbe acres and. 2 a Oh, no! The lights have gone out again. tes exciting to end up in different cites... b Ifyou go out, take an umbrella. I's going to rain, ice paca tert are Wil ai 3. a (On the phone) Hello? Hello? I can’t hear you. I think we've been some ae idiomatic. cutoff i b She cut offa big piece of meat and gave it to the dog. She looked out 4a She looked up and smiled. of the window i b I looked up the word in the dictionary. at the sunset. . 5 a Canyou pick up my pen for me? It’s under your chair. b I picked up some Italian when I was working in Rome. ai eet Separable or inseparable? Look out! That ogi going to bite you! 2. Replace the words in italics with a pronoun, 1 He tured on the light. He turned it on. P'm looking for my glasses. loking for them. She's taken off her boots. He took up golf when he retired. get on well with my parents. Teame across the ad. Tooked up the words in my dictionary. ‘The waiter took away the dirty plates. run, t of Verbs with two particles 3. Complete each pair of sentences below with one of the phrasal verbs from the box. 00 ed U getonwith ——putupwith runout of. looking forward to come up with DP Grammar Reference 74 pls . ‘the noise from your 7 Lt 1 Rotsevemiiete ta turn rv. Most parents won't bad behaviour from ‘their children. 2 I'm broke. | have to an idea for making money. We need to a solution to yroblem. put up with odk forward to’ = Gaees Eee] a oh oe too away "oceania BS ay egal 4 shes going on hia come up with 5 Were esting you very much In which pairs of sentences is the meaning of the phrasal verb different? 60 Unit 7 + The world of workLISTENING AND SPEAKING — EVERYDAY ENGLISH The busy life of a retired man On the phone 1. Work in groups and discuss the questions. + Is anyone in your family retired? Who? + What job did they do before retiring? + How old were they when they retired? How long have they been retired? + What do they do now? 2 Look at the photo of Thomas son and his granddaughter, Philippa. Listen to them talking, : t 1 Complete the conversations with phrases from the box. Ilgiveit tohold —mphoning tines busy Speaking, leave amessage speak to welllget back toyou Thisis phone back later take amessage I'mafraid have extension putting you through take your call at her desk 1 A Hello. Could 1 Sam Jackson, please? B Mr Jackson's in a meeting, It won't be over Who do you think is happier, Thomas or until 3.00. Can I z Philippa? Why? A Yes, please. Could you ask him to phone me? I think he’s got Underline the correct verb form. Then my number, but__ to you again just in case. answer the questions, ts 743 219186. 1 How long was he / has he been retired? 2 ACanI 2173, please? 2. How long did he work / has he worked B The at the moment. Would you like for Courtauld’st 3. When dic he go/ has he gone to Wales? ‘A Yes, please. 4 How long was he married / has he been (Five seconds later.) married? Bim now. Answer the questions, A Thank you. 1 Why does Thomas like playing golf? 3A Could Ispeak to Alison Short? 2 Which countries has he visited since he B Ymafraid she is’t____at the moment. Do you retired? Where did he go two years ago? ‘want to hold? 3. Who are the following? A No, don't worry. Tl shore stah site 4A CanI speak to Te fameron, please? ‘Ted and Marjorie + Miriam» Helen aa 4 What are the two sad events that ‘A Ah) Mr Cameron! HialiyTuces, Thomas mentions? about aleter I got this morning. ‘What does Philippa complain about? bs . 5 A Hello. This is Incom International. There’s no one here to hat do you think? ______ at the moment. Please ______ and What is the usual retirement age for men soe ns and women in your country? What do you think is the best age to retire? When would you like to retire? 2 Your teacher will give you a role card, Prepare what you're going to What would you like to do when you retire? say, then act it out. Listen and check. Practise the conversations. Unit 7 + The world of work 61Just imagine! rc em Ea ives Ea nm TEST YOUR GRAMMAR, 1 Match a line in A with a line in B. A 8 1 If had 5 milion, ———_| Iltell er the news 2 If youre going to the post office 14 give up my job and travel around the worl. 3 IFT see Anna, ‘you have to work har. 4 Ifyouwant to do wellinlife, | goto bed and rest. 5 Ifyou don't feel wel, could you post this letter for me? What verb forms are used in the two parts of each sentence? 2. Answer these questions about you. + fyouhavea problem, who do you talkto? + If you won a lot of money, what would you do with it? + What will you do ifthe weather’ nice atthe weekend? A PLACE IN THE SUN First conditional and time clauses i Jack and Annie are tired of English weather. So they're to Spain to live in the sun and grow lemons. Their friend David they're crazy. Listen and complete the conversation with these v only know will you do 2) have regret David You're both mad. I think you it. You were earning good money here. You ‘much growing lemons. Jack © Weknow that, but we ___a lot of money to live there. David But what if you can’t find anywhere to live? Annie There are lots of cheap, old farms. We no trouble finding somewhere. David But you don't even like gardening, What ifyou farming either? Jack We ifwe __ farming when we try it David Well, OK. But what if you ...? Listen agai and check. Practise the conversation, 62 Unit 8 + Just imagine!2 Have more conversations. What will you do if you... + miss your family and fiends + fallill ‘+ have problems with the language + runout of money «+ cant stand the heat «+ get bored ‘+ want to move back to the UK + don't lke the food What wil you do if you miss your family and friends? 3 Listen to the next part of the conversation. Put the verbs in the correct form. David Will you keep in touch with friends? Annie Of course we will. When we (get) there, we (give) you a call. David And how will I contact you? Jack Well, as soon as we (ind) a place to live, we _ (send) you our address. David I can always email you. Jack Yes, email’s brilliant for keeping in touch, but you (have to) wait until we (Get up) our computers. Annie And David, I promise, you (be) our first guest when we (move) into our new home. David Excellent. I'l lock forward to that! nero 11 Which sentence expresses a future certainty, and which a future possibility? If | see Anna, rl tel her. When I see Anna, rl tell her 2. Undertne the time expressions in the following sentences: ‘When we get there, wel give youa call. ‘Assoon as we find place five, wel send you our address. You'll have to wait until we've set up our computers. 3 Which tenses are used in the time clauses? DP Grammar Reference 8.1 and 8.2 ppl45-146 PRACTICE Another busy day 1 Put if, as soon as, or before into each box. Put the verbs in the correct form. David Sue David Sue David Sue David Sue David Sue David Sue Bye, darling! Good luck with the interview! ‘Thanks, Pll need it. Uhope the trains are running on time. [JI (be) late for the interview, I (be) furious ‘with myself Just stay calm! Call me when you can. Iwill. 1____ (call) you on my mobile Lap (get) out of the interview. When you (know) [J you've got the job? They (tell) me in the next few days (EF they ___ (offer) me the job, 1 (accept) it. You know that, don't you? Of course. But we'll worry about that later. OK. Are you going to work now? ‘Well, I _ (take) the children to school (a1 (g0) to work Don't forget to pick them up [____] you (finish). Don’t worry, I won't forget. You'd better get =n ee (oothurry), you (miss) the train. OKI (see) you this evening. Bye! Listen and check. Practise the conversation with a partner. 2 With your partner, ask and answer questions using the prompts. How/Sue feet if/late for the interview? Whenall David? Wherv/know if she's got the job? What/David do before/go to work? + What/she/do if they offer her the job? ‘When/David pick up the children? ‘How will Sue feel if she’s late for the intervi. 2 Unit 8 + Just imagine!WINNING THE LOTTERY Second conditional 1 GERD Listen to five} Da mieaitees, and take notes. LI ‘my own island in the Caribbean. I loads of money to charity. 21 my job and travel. But it_ me. 31 lots of land, so 1 peace and quiet. 41 a space tourist and fly to Mars on the space shuttle. 51 away a penny. I itall on myself. Practise the sentences. 64 Unit 8 + Just imagine! OL 1 Look at the conditional sentences. IF have time, ll do some shopping, If had £5 million, fd buy an island. Which sentence expresses a possible situation? Which sentence expresses an unlikely or unreal situation? 2 Complete each of these sentences to show the real situation, If had alot of money, fd travel around the world (But unfortunately, dont have alt of money.) II had a car, never catch a bus again, (But unfortunately...) If | didn’t have to work today Id go to the beach (But unfortunately...) D>P> Grammar Reference 8:3-8.5 p146PRACTICE What would you do? Conversations with will and would 1. What would you do with £5 million? 2 Look at the situations. Decide if they are possible or unlikely. ‘Work in groups. Ask and answer the 1 There’s a good documentary on TV tonight. possible questions. 2 You find a burglar in your home. unlikely 3 You see a ghost. nee et ech his ein har aa taivaie fou i your country " rou 6 You don't have any homework tonight. 7 You can speak perfect English. 3 Ask and answer questions about what you will do or would do. What will you do if theres a good documentary on TV tonight? + How much... giveaway? ‘What would you do if you {found a burglar in your home? ‘Who . . . give it to? +. travel? Where... to? Conditional forms 4 Match a line in A with a line in B and a sentence in C. a B € 1 tony calls, don't wait forme. | (t would be really useful for 2 Mf you've finished I might take up an work, your work, evening cas. He can reach me there, « Mataoakyaalen 2 Htimeetbckby | yorbmeto be Heep ar ad ik plenty 9 Relationships | NEED HELP! must, could, might, can't > TEST YOUR GRAMMAR 1 Read each pair of sentences. Ifthe sentence isa fact, put (7). If the sentence is only a possibility, put (2). 1 1 I must be in tovel . Cin tovet 2 Lucy and Pam have problems. They wrote to ‘Susie's Problem Pa 2 she coud beheesetoe Metro Magazine. Read Susie’ advice. What do you think the problems are? 1 She's having a shower. 3 C1 That isnt your bag. i That can't be your bag. 4 You mast have met my brother C1 You've met my brother 5 C1 They haven't met the president. Ti They cant have met the president. 6 Shakespeare might have lived there. 5) Shakespeare lived there. 1. Do you ever read advice columns in magazines or newspapers? What kind of problems do people write about? Susie’s problen Got a problem? Metro Magazine’s agony ai ; Lucy’s problem: “Shakespeare might Bi: Pe. , have teed ae T think about him night and day! Susie replies: Hi Lucy, Everyone has daydreams and there’s nothing wrong with that. It’s only a problem when you forget where dreams end and the real world begins. Don't write to him any more. You know in reality that a relationship with him is impossible, and that running away to Hollywood is a crazy idea. You need to find other interests and friends your own age to talk to. Sitting at home watching him on video won't help you. Your parents are clearly too busy to notice or listen. Your future is jour hands, so get a life, study hard, and good luck! Yours, usin 2. Which sentences talk about the present? Which talk about the past? 70 Unit 9 + Relationships3 Look at Susie's replies. Say who he, she, or they refer to in these sentences. She must be exhausted. Pam She must be in love with a film star. She could be a doctor or a nurse. She can’t have many friends. He might have a gambling problem. She can’t be very old, He must be unemployed. ‘They can't have much money. re reasons for each statement in exercise 3, Discuss with the class, Pam must be exhausted because she works hard and she does all the housework. 5 Read Lucy and Pam's letters to Susie on p154 to find out if your ideas are correct. Susie Eden, gives expert advice. Pam’s problem: ‘We dont communicate any more!” Susie replies: Hi Pam, You're not helping your marriage by saying nothing to him. He doesn’t seem to notice how you feel. 1 know he’s worried about his mother, but it’s unfair that he’s always at her house and leaves you to do all the housework, You have a tiring and stressful job, caring for sick people all day. Make him understand this and ask him about the hundreds of lottery tickets you found. Encourage him to look for work — he'd feel better about himself if he had a job and it would help the family finances. In the meantime, don’t hide your feelings; otherwise your anger and resentment will grow. Yours, Cush ‘Dr Susie Elen c/o Metso Magazine, PO Hox 20, Lowertast Dockside, Neweastle-upons Tyne NTL2 SNP Metro Magazine 111 Ce 1 The following sentences all express it's possible that she's in love. Which sentence is the most sure? Which sentences are less sure? ‘She must be in love. ‘She might be in love. ‘he could be in love 2. How do we express / don’t think it's possible that she's in love? D>P> Grammar Reference 91 plé7 PRACTICE Grammar and speaking 1. Respond to the statements or question. Use the words, in brackets. 1 Thaven't eaten anything since breakfast. (must/hungry) You must be hungry. Steve has three jobs. (can’t/much free time) ‘The phone's ringing. (might/Jane) The cat's soaking wet! (must/raining) Listen to all those fire engines! (must/somewhere) I don't know where Sam is. (could/his bedroom) Marta isn’t in the kitchen. (can't/cooking dinner) ‘Whose coat is this? (might/John’s) GHB Listen and check. Practise the sentences with a partner. Pay attention to stress and intonation, What are they talking about? & Listen to five short conversations and guess the answers to the questions. Work with a partner. 1A It’s Father’s Day next Sunday. B_Iknow. Should we buy Dad a present or just send him a card? Who do you think they are? Friends? Brother and sister? Husband and wife? ‘They can't be Just friends. They could be brother and sister. They might be husband and wite. 2. Where do you think the people are? At home? In a pub? In a restaurant? 3. What do you think his job is? A lorry driver? A taxi driver? An actor? 4 What do you think she’ talking about? Taking a test? Meeting her boyftiend’s parents? A job interview? 5. Who or what do you think they are talking about? A cat? A dog? A baby? Who's who in the family? 3. Work in small groups. Look at p154—155 Unit 9 + Relationships 71A HOLIDAY WITH FRIENDS must have been/can't have been 1 Andy is calling Carl. With a partner, read and listen to Andy's side of the conversation, What are they: talking about? Andy Carl ‘Andy Carl Andy Carl Andy Carl Andy Carl ‘Andy Carl ‘Andy Carl Andy Cart ‘Andy Carl Andy Carl Andy Carl Andy TL Unit 9 Hil Carl It’s Andy. How are you? Feeling better? Really? Still on crutches, eh? So you're not back. to work yet? Another week! Is that when the plaster comes off? No, I'm fine. We're both fine. Julie sends her love, by the way. Yes, yes, we have, Julie picked them up today. They're good. I didn’t realize we'd taken so many of usall. Yes, the sunset. IP's a good one. All of us together on Bob and Marcia’s balcony, with the mountains and the snow in the background. Brings back memories, doesn’t it? Yes, I know. I’m sorry. But at least it happened at the end; it could have been the first day. You only missed the last two days Yeah, and it was noisy too! We didn't have any views of the mountains. Yeah, we've written, We emailed the manager yesterday, but I don’t know if well get any money back. Yeah. The airline found it and put it on the next, flight. Marcia was very relieved. Absolutely. It was a great holiday. Some ups and downs, but we all had fun, didn't we? Shallaveigo: again next year? Great! It’s a date. And next time go around the trees! Pl call you again soon, Carl. Fake are! Bye, + RelationshipsRead the questions, Tick (/) the sentence you think is possible, Cross (X) the one you think is not possible. 1. What isthe relationship between Andy and Carl? LO They must be friends. 1 They could be business colleagues. 2. Where have they been? They could have been on a skiing holiday. Ci They can’t have been on a skiing holiday. 3. What happened to Carl? He must have broken his leg. 1 He might have broken his arm. 4. How many people went on holiday? ( There must have been four. (There might have been five or more. 5 Where did they stay? C1 They could have stayed with friends. OF They must have stayed at a hotel. 6 What did they do on holiday? J They must have taken a lot of photos. 1 They can’t have taken any photos. 7 Why did Andy and Julie send an email to the manager? O They could have written to thank him. (1) They might have written to complain about their room, 8 What did Marcia lose? TH it might have been her skis. C1 It could have been her suitcase. 3 Use some of the ideas in sentences 1-8 to say what you think happened to Andy and Carl Andy and Cart must be friends and they could have been on 4 Listen to the full conversation between Andy and Carl. Which of your ideas were correct? Gnu 1 What isthe past tense of these sentences? must cant Siig | be onhotiday. sight 2 What isthe past tense of these sentences? | must buy some sunglasses. Ihave to go home early. {can see the mountains from my room. D>P Grammar Reference 92 pl47 PRACTICE Grammar and speaking 1. Respond to the statements and questions. Use the words in brackets. I can't find my homework. (must/forget) You must have forgotten it. Mark didn’t come to school last week. (rmust/ill) ‘Why is Isabel late for class? (might/oversleep) can’t find my notebook. (must/drop) ‘The teacher's checking Maria's work. (can’tfinish already) 6 How did Bob get such good marks in that test? (must/cheat) Listen and check. Practise the sentences with a partner. Discussing grammai 2 How many different modal auxiliary verbs can you fit naturally into each sentence? Discuss as a lass the differences in meaning. can can't could must might should shall He _ have been born during World War Il you help me with the dishes, please? You see the doctor immediately. It be raining we go out for dinner tonight? stop smoking, It have been Bill that you met at the party. I learn to speak English. Unit 9 + Relationships 73READING AND SPEAKING A father and daughter 1. Discuss these questions with a partner and then with the class. + Who do you look more like, your mother or your father? + Who are you more like in character, your mother or your father? + Do you want to bring up your children in the same way you were brought up? 2. In the magazine article on the right, two different members of the same family describe their relationship with each other. Work in two groups. Group A Read what Oliver Darrow says about his daughter, Carmen. Group B Read what Carmen Darrow says about her father, Oliver. 3. In your groups, discuss the answers to the questions about your person. 1 Which two sentences best describe their relationship? ‘It was closer when Carmen was a child 1b They get on well and have simiar interests. ‘©. They don't have much in common, 2 Which two sentences best describe Oliver? a He’ done a lot for his daughter. He isnt very sensitive to how she Fels He’ more interested in himself than his family 3. Which two sentences best describe Carmen? She is selfish and spoit b She tried to please her father. She was never really happy until she martied George. 4 How did Oliver behave in front of Carmen's friends? 5. Why did she leave school? 6 Is she happily married? How do you know? 7 What does Carmen think of her father’s career? 8. Why don't they see each other very much? 74 Unit 9 + Relationships Oliver Darrow, actor, talks about his daughter, Carmen. My first wife and T only had one child. It might have been nice to have more. I would have liked a son, but wwe just had Carmen. I see her as my best friend. T think she always comes to me first if she has a problem. We have the same sense of humour and share many interests, except that she’s crazy about animals, obsessed with them ~ she has always had dogs, cats, and horses in her life. We were closest when she was about four, which I think is a wonderful age for a child. ‘That’s when they need their parents most, But as soon as Carmen went to school, she seemed to grow up and grow apart from her family, and any father finds it difficult with a teenage daughter. She was very moody and had an odd group of friends. There was an endless stream of strange young, ‘men coming to our house. | remember | once got annoyed with her in front of her friends and she didn’t talk to me for days. I've always wanted the best for her. We sent her to a good school, but she wasn’t happy there. She left because she wanted to become an actress, so with my connections I got her into drama school, but she didn’t like that either. She worked for a while doing small roles in films, but she must have found ‘I see her as nr eet ee ete 5 > though she never really said why. my best friend.’ she go: marred a few years ago: her husband's a vet. They must be happy because they work together, and she loves animals. ‘We have the same tastes in books and music, When she was younger used to take her to the opera ~ that’s my passion ~ but she can't have liked it very much because she hasn't come with me for years. I don't think she goes to the cinema or watches TV much, She might watch my films, but I don't know. I's not the kind of thing she talks to me about. {'m very pleased to have Carmen. She's a good daughter, but I don’t think she likes my new wife very much because she doesn’t visit us very often. I'm looking forward to being a grandfather one day. Thope she'll have a son.TWO POINT: A FAMILY RELAT eS Carmen Darrow, veterinary assistant, talks about her father, Oliver. I don’t really know my father. He isn’t easy to get on with. I've always found him difficult to talk to. He's a bit reserved, but he loves to be recognized and asked for his autograph. | think people see his films and think he’s very easygoing, but he really isn’t. He’s won some awards for his films, and he’s really proud of them. He used to show them to 2 my friends when they came to the house “FJ es like and that really embarrassed me. L He can't have been home much whent @ Stranger. ‘was a small child because I don’t remember much about him, His work always came first, and he was often away from home making films. | wasn’t surprised when he and my mother split up. He must have wanted the best for me, but the best was always what ‘he wanted. He chose my school and I hated it. I had no friends there, Twas miserable and didn’t do well, 0 I was asked to leave. He must have been very disappointed, but he said nothing to me. He wanted me to be an actor ike him but I'm not at all like him. I tried it for a while, but 1 ‘was miserable until | met my husband. He's 4 vet and I'm his assistant. Now I'm doing what I always wanted to do, working with animals. My father and I have always been so different. 1 love animals and he loves books and music, and above all opera, which I hate. If he comes to see us (we live on a farm), he always wears totally the wrong, clothes, but we still don't see much of each other. It’s because he didn’t really want me to marry George. He wanted me to marry a famous film star or something, but of course Ididn’t. George and I don’t want children, we have our animals, but my father would love to have a grandson. Maybe his new wife will give him the son he wants, but probably not. She cares too much about being slim and beautiful occasionally see one of his films on TV. | find it hard to believe he’s my father. J He's like a s 4 Find a partner from the other group and compare your answers. Then read the other text. What do you think? ‘Who has the more realistic view of the relationship? Oliver or Carmen? Why? Language work Use the modal verb in brackets in either the present or past to rewrite the first part of each sentence. Complete the sentences with your own ideas. 1 T'm sure Carmen likes animals a lot because ... (must) ‘She must like animals because she enjors working with them. 2. Idon't think Oliver isa very famous actor because ... (can't) 3. think maybe he has won an Oscar® because ... (might) 4 Tim sure she had a lot of friends when she was a teenager because ... (must) 5 Idon't think she worked hard at school because ... (can't) ne CrVOCABULARY AND SPEAKING Character adjectives 1 Do the personality quiz to discover what type of person you are. Write ¥ for Yes, N for No, and $ for Sometimes. What type of person are one ce Ste 1 ah a 1 C Are you usually smiling and happy? 2 C Do you enjoy the company of other people? Do you find it difficult to meet new people? Do you have definite plans for your 3o0 40 50 suddenly for no reason? 6 C1 Do you notice other people's feelings? 7 1 Doyou think the future will be good? 8 Cl Can your friends depend on Work with a partner. Ask your partner to do the quiz about you. Compare your ideas and your partner’ ideas about you. Are they the same or different? 3 Match these adjectives with the questions in the quiz [B reliable Day Cloptimiic CE] generous 1 sociable i moody Ci elative Di hardworking Ci reserved easygoing O sty untidy Ci impatient cheerful Ci ambitious C sensitive ‘Which adjectives describe you? 76 Unit 9 + Relationships Is your room often a mess? Do you get annoyed if you have to wait for anyone or anything? Do you put off until tomorrow what you could do today? Do you work hard? Do you keep your feelings and ideas to yourself? 14 C Do you often give presents? 15 C1 Do you talk a lot? 16 (1 Are you usually calm and not worried by things? Hoc 110 Ro 130 4. Which adjectives describe positive qualities and which describe negative? Which describe both? Negative Positive Both reliable 5 Write the opposite of the adjectives in exercise 3. Remember that the prefixes in-and un- can sometimes be used to make negatives. Which of the adjectives can use these? 6 Describe someone in the class to your partner, but don't say who it is. Can your partner guess who it is? Rincon Goto pliéLISTENING AND SPEAKING Brothers and sisters 1 Do a class survey. 1. Find out who has got any brothers and/or sisters. 2 Who has got the most? How many? Do they like having lots of brothers and sisters? 3. Has anyone got a twin brother or sister? Do they like being a twin? 4 Is anyone in the class an only child? Do they like being an only child? 2 GEBB Listen to two people talking about their families. Complete the chart. Louisa Rose | How many brothers and sisters has she got? Was she happy asa child? | Why Why not? “sshe happy | now? Why/ Why not? ‘What do you leam about | other members of her family? What do you think? Discuss these questions. + How many children have you got/would you like to have? + What sizes the perfect family? + Would you like to have twins? EVERYDAY ENGLISH So do I! Neither do I! 1 Listen to Sue’ friends talking to her about themselves. Put a (/) if its the same for Sue and a (X) if it's different. Sue's friends Sue | Sue's words 1 lwant to travel the world | ¥_ | Sodol, 2 I don't want to have lots of children, 3 I can speak four languages. 4 leant drive, 5 Tim not going to get married until fm 38. | went to London last year Tve never been to Australia. 1 don't ike politicians. {im bored with Hollywood actors. 10 love going to parties. Write in Sue's words. Choose from the lists below. Soam|, Neither am | lam. Hm not. So do. Neither do I Ido. I don't. So can. Neither can Jean. bear Sodidl. Neither did | I id | didn't. Sohavel. Neitherhavel. Ihave. haven't. Listen again and check your answers. ‘What does Sue say when itis the same for her? ‘What does she say when it is different? D>P Grammar Reference 94 and 9.5 pl47 ‘Work with a partner, Read the statements in exercise 1 and give true answers. Go around the class. Everyone must make a statement about themselves or give an opinion about something. ‘The others in the class must respond, Unit 9 + Relationships 77 1 didn't do my homework, Neither did 1./ Me neither.P10 > TEST YOUR GRAMMAR 1 For each pair, match a line in A with a line or picture A B 1 What do you do. (on the floor? What are you doing for a living? 2 He speaks three languages. He's speaking to the teacher. a baby next month, She's having ahouse by the sea, 4 What have you done ‘What have you been doing with my pen? | cant find it. since | last saw you? 5 Who drank my beer? Whos been drinking my beer? 6 read that book. It was really good. | was reading that book when you called. 2. Look at the second sentence in each pat. What do the verbs have in common? 78 Unit 10 + Obsessions Obsessions ed TONY’S PHONE BILL Present Perfect Continuous 1 Read and listen to the newspaper article. Answer the questions. 1 How much was the phone bill? 2. Why did his father buy him a mobile? 3° What has he done with the phone now? 4 Where has Tony been working? Dad bans phone after 3,500 texts! Manchester teenager has received a phone bill for over £450 after sending 3,500 text ‘messages in just one month. ‘Tony Russell has had his new ‘state of the art” mobile phone for only three months, but now his father, Lionel, has taken it away. He's been asking me for a mobile for years because all his friends have got one; explained Lionel. ‘ finally bought one for his birthday because he’s been doing 30 well at school, but he and his mates are “texting. crazy”. They do it all the time ~ on buses, in the street. ‘They even text each other from different sides of the school playground. They've got “textits”. ‘Tony said ‘I thought texting was much cheaper than phoning, so I've been texting my friends all day long and even into the early hours of the morning. I've ‘been going to bed at 2.00 most nights. Sometimes my hand hurt from pressing the buttons so much, but | ‘was having stich good fun that I couldnt bear to stop!” His father said, ‘I have forgiven him, but am angry with the phone company as they are encouraging this, craze’ He has made his son promise to pay back the money, so Tony has been working on Saturdays. He has found a job in a shoe shop. So far he has paid back £46. ‘I reckon it will take me about a year to clear this debt, he said.2. Here are the answers to some questions about Tony. Write the questions using he. 1 Three months. (How Jong... 2) 2. For years. (How long ... 2) 3. Because all his friends have got one. (Why want... 2) His friends. (Who 2.00 (What time ... ?) 6 Yes, he has. (.. forgiven ... 2 7 £46, (How much ... 2) 8 About a year. (How long Listen and check COG eco texting? 1 Underline examples of the Present Perfect Simple and the Present Perfect Continuous in the text. 2. Look at the questions below. Which one asks about an activity? Which one asks about a quantity? How long have you been learning English? How many teachers have you had? P>P Grammar Reference 10.1 and 10.2 p14 PRACTICE Conversations 1. Write questions with How long... ? Use either the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous, (If both are possible, use the continuous form.) 1 [live in the country. How long have you been ving in the country? I play tennis. 3. [know Jack well. 4 work in Hong Kong, 5 Thave a Japanese car. 2. Make sentences using the same verbs about yourself. With a partner, ask and answer questions with How long... ? 3 For each sentence in exercise 1, write a question in the Past Simple. 1 When move there? 2 How old _ when started 2 3 Where meet I 4 Why decide 2 5 How much pay 2 4 GHDB Read and listen to the conversation. A. You look happy. What have you been doing? B I'mreally excited! I've been getting ready to go on holiday. ‘A. Have you done everything? B Well, I've picked up the tickets and I’ve been to the bank, but I haven't packed yet Make similar conversations with a partner. 1 A covered in paint/what/do? B redecorate the bathroom. A finish yet? B paint the door and the ceiling/not put up the wallpaper yet. 2A hands dirty/what/do? B filthy/work in the garden. A finish yet? B cut the grass/not water the flowers yet. 3A your eyes red/what/do? B exhausted/revise for my exams. A finish them yet? B do chemistry and his ory/not do English yet. Listen and compare. Practise the conversations again, Discussing grammar 5. Why are these sentences strange? What would be better? 1 Ouch! P've been cutting n finger. 2. ‘Why is your hair wet?” ‘T've swum? 3. You've got tears in your eyes. Why have you cried? 4. I'm really sorry, but I've been crashing into the back of your car, 5 I've written my autobiography this afternoon, Unit 10 » Obsessions 79A LIFELONG PASSION Time expressions 1 Astrid Johnsson is a cellist. She has had an interesting life so fat. Look quickly through the chart of events in her life. What are some of the things she has done? A Life Event - 9 Born on 4 March, 1960, in Sweden 3] | started playing the cello GQ) teranars tortura musicin othe er, || toured with the Swedish Youth Orchestra 4A fae 2 rertrmetin cic music festival in Stackholm Men scholarship and sued a the 18a erent 19) | Met her first husband 24 |Got married in spring 1981 2 2 Received Master of Music Degree. Played in roid concerts and festals Appear on Beth TV wth he Landon Symphony Orchestra 23} [Daughter born 9 July, 1983 29 [Got divorced. Toured Japan, the US, and Canada withthe Chomber Ochoa rest tan 31 | Bought a fat in New York 33_-ap| |Soneesed concertos and Euapean fim =P leoinacks. Net Georges Levew, a conductor BG tres: 1208 mart coones: || moved to Paris 40 Won Best European Film Soundtrack 1999 4D eenescingatne usiccenrvin Pars, and working as a visiting lecturer to music || schools worldwide NOW | | sti teaching cello and lecturing V Astrid Joh 2 Answer the question How long has she been playing the cello? Which orchestras has she played with? What sort of music has she composed? ‘What has she won? How long has she been married to Georges? How many times has she been married? How long was she married to her first husbandi How long has she been teaching the cello and lecturing? 80 Unit 10 » Obsessions3. Complete these sentences with the phrases from the box. ‘hile she was at music school after winning the award at the age of three until she married Georges since she married Georges while she was composing ‘wo years after she got married between 1978 and 1982 1. She started having cello lessons 2 for Young Musician of the Year, she toured schools with the Swedish Youth Orchestra 3. She was at the Royal Academy of Music 4. She met her first husband 5 Her daughter was born 6 She met Georges concertos and European film soundtracks. 2. She lived in New York 8 She's been living in Paris DP Grammar Reference 10.3 pl48 Ciuc PP Coto pll7 PRACTICE Questions and answers 1 Ask and answer the questions about Astrid. 1 When... born? When was she born? 2 When ... given the award of Young Musician of the Year? ‘When ... go to the Royal Academy of Music? What ... her daughter born? Which countries .., lived in? When ... appear on British TV? How many children 8 How long ... in Paris? Listen and check 2. Make @ similar chart of the events in your life or the life of someone you know well. Ask and answer questions with a partner. A lecture tour 3. Astrid is on a two-week lecturing tour of England and Scotland. Look at her schedule. WEEK WEEKE SUNDA London iemingham MONDAY London ‘anchester TUESDAY London Manchester re WEDNESDAY | tendon | Eeinburgh THURSDAY Oxford | Edinb FRIDAY ‘Oxford Edinburgh SATURDAY Birmingham Fly home wo Paris 4 It is Monday of the second week, and Astrid is being interviewed by a journalist. How does she answer these questions? 1 How long are you here in Britain for? Just two weeks. How long have you been in Britain? Where were you the day before yesterday? Where were you this time last week? Where will you be the day after tomorrow? 6 Where will you bea week today? Listen and check Discussing grammar 5. Correct the mistakes in the questions. 1 What time did you go to bed at last night? What have you done last weekend? What are you doing this night? Are you going to study English the next month? Have you been studying English since three years? How long you live in this town? When is your mother born? How long have you been knowing your teacher? 6 Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Unit 10 + Obsessions 81READING AND SPEAKING Abig name in Hollywood 82 1 Discuss the questions about your favourite film star. ‘+ What films has he/she been in? * What kind of films does he/she actin? Action? Romance? Comedy? + What isthe best role he/she has ever played? * What do you think he/she is lke as a person? What does he/she look like? + Where does he/she live? ** What do you know about his/her family? ‘+ What is he/she most famous for? Looks? Acting ability? Behaviour off-screen? 2. Match a line in A with a line in B, A B Twas once: ‘as the bad guy. In films he is always cast | She has real talent. She auditioned the big time, He's going to make She was tumed down Give her a break! He set up ’& production company. forthe part of Mary. (x2) anextraina film, 3 Read the magazine article. Answer as many questions as you can in exercise 1 about Dennis Woodruff. 4 Answer the questions. 1 Who will you probably not see if you go to Hollywood? Is Dennis famous? How does he try to sell himself? Will he make the big time? Where does he audition? How do people react? Why is he tired? How did he get the idea of promoting himself? Is Dennis optimistic? Language work 5. Hore are the answers to some questions about Dennis. Write the questions 1 2 For 25 years. 2 2 Over 300 times. 3 2 20 years ago. 4 2 For 30 years. 5 ® 15,000. 6 ‘The words in A are in the text. Match them with similar meanings in B. A 8 trendy improbable unlikely stories fake caught so you cart move trapped enormous ignore diferent from what is considered usual unconventional | not real tales pay no attention to huge fashionable Unit 10 + Obsessions you go to Hollywood and look around the trendy coffee shops and restaurants, it is unlikely that you will meet your favourite film star. However, it is almost certain that you will meet Dennis Woodruff. Dennis is a ‘movie’ star - well, sort of. You learn this quickly because he tells everyone he meets. He wears a T-shirt that says ‘Dennis Woodruff, world-famous actor’. On his modified Chevrolet convertible he has five Oscars® (fake, unfortunately) and other awards that he has won. He also hands out videotapes of his films in exchange for a modest $10. If fame is a matter of being known by influential people, then Dennis Woodruff is certainly famous. He describes himself as Hollywood's best known out-of work actor. He has been looking for work for 25 years. It is true that he has been on television over 300 times and has worked in about 45 motion pictures, invariably as an extra.But mostly he is known as the ippie guy with the long blond ponytail, who is trapped in the only role he has been able to play with any success - playing Dennis. Everything about Dennis has to do with selling himself. He talks constantly about his life, his talent, his artistic abilities, his ambitions. His never-ending search for work in the film industry no longer has any realistic chance of success, so now he acts out the role of an actor looking for work. ‘Cast me!” shouts the writing on his car. “Buy my movie!” “Actually,” says Dennis, ‘Tam a movie star, It's just that no one has realized it yet’ His ‘movies’, titled Dennis Woodruff the Movie, Parts I and If and Double Feature, starring Dennis Woodruff are heavily autobiographical - more documentaries of his life than anything else. You can watch him auditioning for parts in Dennis front of the security cameras at local restaurants. People recognize him and then, sadly, ignore him. He has rugged, unconventional good looks, though he seems tired, ‘T've been making another movie about me. It’s called Life Is Art. L want to show everyone how my life is like a work of art’ One of the most miserable tales he tells is about how he nearly made the big time. The famous actor John Wayne was going to give him a break, but unfortunately he died. Legendary producer Otto Preminger wanted to make him a star. He also died. ‘Now nearly 50, Dennis first had the idea of promoting himself over 20 years ago when he sit asked a casting director why he had been turned down for a part. ‘Because you're not a big name in Hollywood,’ came the answer. Dennis immediately wrote his name in huge letters on the top of his car. It didn't get him any work, but it did get him noticed. He's been living in a mobile home in East Hollywood for 30 years, and to his credit, he manages to earn a living. He has set up a production company with his brother, and he has sold 15,000 copies of his video. True success, he feels, is just around the comer. Now there's optimism for you. Unit 10 + ObsessionsVOCABULARY Compound nouns 1. Nouns can be combined to make a new word or phrase. These are called compound nouns. They are written in different ways. Look at these words from the article about Dennis Woodruff. ponytail | mobile home videotape | movie star 2. Put one word in each box to form three compound nouns. ache brush T)[_tooth_] brush T dresser paste cut dining mail (2) changing {~ 8] port waiting conditioning lights cup 3] warden [9] _] spoon jam pot news set [4] travel] [10]. ___] glasses estate tan place wrapping [5]__] engine [njwriting [|] works toilet credit centre 6] birthday || spree business list 3. Here are definitions of some compound nouns from exercise 2. What are the words? + A pain in your tooth or teeth + A place where aeroplanes takeoff and land, + A person whose job is to cut and style people's hai. + The time when the sun goes down and night begins. + Aplace where there are lots of different kinds f shops. 4. Write definitions of more words from exercise 2 and test the other students. 84 Unit 10 » Obsessions LISTENIN Collectors Discuss these questions asa class. + What kinds of things do people often collect? + Why do people collect things? + Do you collect anything? Did you use to collec things when you were younger? What? Why? 2. You are going to listen to two people who are both passionate collectors. Look at the pictures. What can you see? What do they collect? What questions would you like to ask them? 3. Work in two groups Group A Listen to Andrea Levitt who collects dolls. Group B Listen to Jeff Parker who collects Star Wars memorabilia4. Answer the questions Where does she/he live? Who with? What does she/he do fora living? How long has she/he been collecting? How many items has she/he collected? How many rooms of the house are taken up with the collection? 6 What's her/his favourite item? 7 Where do the items come from? 8 Is she/he in touch with other people who share the same hobby? 5. Find a partner from the other group. Compare and exchange information. Tei mW MY CIMA renee acco) EVERYDAY ENGL! Expressing quantity SH 1. Complete the sentences with the words below. Some are used more than once. afew Howmany alittle EnOUgh too much asmuchas too many aij How much any LA coffee do you drink? B Atleast six cups a day. A That's - You shouldn't rink that 2A aspirins do you usually take when you have a headache? B About four or five. A That's You shouldn't take that! 3A do you earn? B Not to pay all my bills! 4A people are there in your class? B Forty. A I think that’s 5. A Have you got homework tonight? B Far - Til never be able to doit 6 A How old are you? B Seventeen. I'm old _ to get married, but not old _to vote! 7A When did you last go to the dentist? B Very recently. Just_ days ago. 8 A Doyou take milk in your tea? B Just (HEED Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner. 2 With your partner, ask and answer the questions in exercise 1 about you Unit 10 + Obsessions 85TEST YOUR GRAMMAR 1 All of these sentences are correct. Why is there no does in sentences 2and 3? 1 Where does she ive? 2 2 tnow where shelves. 3 3 Can you tell me where she ives? 4 5 A STRANGER IN TOWN Indirect questions 1 Flavia has just checked into her hotel in Toronto. Look at the information she wants, then listen to the conversation. Complete her sentences. i 2 Choose the correct question tag. Its a beautiful day, | did he? You like learning English, | isn'tit? You've been to Australia, | didn't they? Henry didnt say that, don't you? They had a good time, haven't you? ‘What Flavia wants to know What Flavia says 1 Could you help me? | wonder if help me. 2 Are we near the CN Tower? Ym not sure near the CN Tower. 3 Are there any good restaurants | Can you tell me any nearby? good restaurants nearby? 4 What time do the banks close? 5 Which restaurant did you suggest? I don't know what time which restaurant tim sorry, but | can't remember attue Look at what Flavia says. These are indirect questions. How does the word order change? What happens to do/does/¢id in indirect questions? 3 When do we use ifn indirect questions? D>P> Grammar Reference 111 pl49 Read tapescript 11.1 on p131 and practise the conversation. Then close your books and do it again Here is some more information that Flavia wants. Use the prompts to ask indirect questions. 1 What's the population of the city? (Do you know ... 2) 2 Is there an underground? (Could you tell me ... 2) 3. Where are the best shops? (Can you tell me ... 2) 4 Where can I go for a run in the mornings? (Do you happen to know ... 2) 5 Isthere an art gallery near here? (Do you have any idea ... ?) 6 What do people do in the evening? (wonder ....) Work with a partner, Ask and answer similar indirect questions about a city or town that you know well PRACTICE Asking polite questions 1 Match a word in A with a line in B and a line in C. a 8 fc | newspaper | times have you been on a plane? football team | do you support? What | long music do you like? How | far do you read? Which | kind of isit to the station from here? many time do you spend watching TV? much does it take you to get ready in the morning? 2 Work with a partner. Ask and answer indirect questions using the ideas in exercise 1 Could you tellme....? Would you mind teling me... ? Finding out about Madonna 3. What do you know about Madonna? 4 Ask about Madonna using these phrases and the prompts 1-8. wonder ike to know Ihave no idea... | Does anybody know where/born how old/when/startisinging go to university ever win any awards wherellive 6 how many times/married 7 how many children/have 8 how many number one hits/have 5. Work with a partner. Student A Look at p155. Student B- Look at p156. Unit + Tellme about it! 87Question tags Listen to Gabriella, aged 4, talking to Karen, her mother. Underline the question tags G Mummy? K Yes, Gaby? G I’ve got ten fingers, haven't % K Yes, that’s right, sweetie. Ten pretty little fingers. G And Daddy didn’t go to work this morning, did he? K No, it’s Saturday. He’s working in the garden today G And we like animals, don't we, Mummy? K Yes, we do, Especially our cats, Sammy and Teddy. G Can Thave a biscuit now, Mummy? Listen again, Does Gabriela intonation go up or down on the question Taaddtl lid (esitad adi 88 Unit Tl - Tell me about it! 2 Complete the conversation between Karen and her assistant with a question tag from the box. didnt? isn'tit? ami? havent 2 K Now, what's happening today? I've got a meeting this, afternoon 2 Yes, that’s right. With Henry and Tom. And the meeting's here, 2 No, it isn't. It’s in Tom’s office at 3 o'clock. (Oh! I'm not having lunch with anyone, 2 No, you're free for lunch. Phew! And I signed all my letters, 2 No, you didn’t, actually. They're on your desk, waiting for you. K OK.I'll do them now. Thanks a lot. PRP Re RD Listen and check. Does Karen's intonation go up or down on the question tags? COG 1. Which speaker, Gabriella or Karen, uses question tags ‘tomean...? + Tm not sure, so'm checking + Talk to me, | want to have a conversation with you. 2. How do we form question tags? D> D> Grammar Reference 112 pl49 3. Practise the conversations with a partner.PRACTICE Question tags and intonation 1 Look at the sentences and write the question tags. “Itisnt very warm today You can cook, 2 Youve got a CD player, ____? Mary’ very clever, There are a lat of people here, 7 The film wait very good Tima silly person, 7 & You rent going out dresed ike that? | Listen and check. Write if the questions tag goes up and 7 if it goes down, 2. Match a response with a sentence in exercise | Yes. She's extremely bright. CBelieve it or not, I haven't. I’ve got a cassette player, though. (Why? What's wrong with my clothes? I thought I looked really cool, (INO, it’s freezing, No, you're not. Everybody makes mistakes. (Me? No! I can’t even boil an egg. Crknow! It’s absolutely packed. I can’t move! Cit was terrible! The worst I've seen in ages: Listen and check, Practise the conversations with a partn Conversations 3 Add three question tags to the conversation below. Do they go up or down? It’s so romantic. What is? ‘Well, they're really in love. Who? Paul and Mary. Paul and Mary aren’t in love. ‘Oh yes, they are. They're mad about each other. Listen and compare. 4. Look at p156. Choose one of the conversations and add question tags. Learn it by heart, and act it out for the rest ofthe class. GHBD Listen and compare pepe READING AND SPEAKING How well do you know your world? 1 Do you know the answers to these questions? 1 Do animals have feelings? 2. What are the Earth's oldest living things? 3. What man-made things on Earth can be seen from space? 4 What is the most terrible natural disaster to have hit the Earth? 5. Why isn’t there a row 13 on aeroplanes? 6 Why do women live longer than men? 7 Was Uncle Sam a real person? 2. Put one of these lines before each question in exercise 1. What is true for you? think Tknow... Fim not sure I think have no idea. Idonit know... Lwonder T think animals have feelings.) Thave no idea what the Earth's oldest living things are. Discuss your ideas as a class. Which question interests you the most? Unit Tl + Tellme about it! 8990 3. Read the answers to the questions. How much did you already know? How well do 4 Here are the last lines of the seven answers. Which answer do they go with? a The country with the highest life expectancy is Japan — 84 years for women and 77 for men, Less than 24 hours after the meal, Christ wwas crucified. € It is very likely that this explosion wiped out all the dinosaurs. Fear is instinctive and requires no ‘conscious thought. You can also see fires burning in the tropical rainforest. f Ithas also endured climatic catastrophes, and nuclear bomb testing — and still it lives on! g Over the years, various cartoonists gave him his characteristic appearance. 1@Do animals have feelings? Aiper owners woud say ves. Molly the dog and Whiskers the cat can fol angry, depressed, negeciad happy, evan jealous and guy. Many scientists, however, are sceptical about \ ‘giving animals the full range of emotions ; that humans can fel, Pat of he problem is that Rs impossbie to prove that even a human beings fesing happy or San fac, es only because we can observe I cyan guage art tac! expression that ro can deca Are cl cours humans can express the emotion with language However most récanctiors do agree that many croures experience ew: some slentss define this as @ primary ‘emotion. [} 5 Here are seven questions, one for each text. What do the underlined words refer to? 1 Where is the oldest one in the world? Why is this difficult to see from space? Do they have the full range of emotions? How did they become extinct? ‘What did he say‘US' stood for? Do they have a thirteenth floor? Why are they more likely to have accidents? Earth’s oldest things ‘The White Mountains of California are home to our oldest living things ~ trees! The oldest tree in the world, Methuselah, has roots that go back over 4,600 years. This makes it older even than the Great Pyramids. The 26 foot bristecone pine tree isthe ‘oldest of many that have outlived clvlization after civilization. [_] Answer questions 1-7, 6 ‘These numbers are from the texts. What do they refer to? 00 15-200 1906 185 6Smmillion 4 six 84 1166 Producing a class poster 3@What man-made things on Earth can be seen from space? © ‘when humans first flew in space, they were amazed to discover that the only man-made abject visible from orbit was the Greot Wall of ‘China.’ Although this is a nice idea, i's not true, The Great Wallis ‘mostly grey stone ina grey landscape and, in fact, is very difficult to see even from a plane flying at a mere 15 kilometres above. What can be seen when orbiting the Earth {from about 200 kilometres up) are the lights of the world's large metropolitan areas. C] 7 What else would you like to know about the world? Work in groups and write some questions. Think of: + places (countries, cites, buildings) + people (customs, languages, superstitions, famous people) + things (machines, gadgets, transportation, etc) + plants and animals 8 Choose two questions you wrote in exercise 7 and research the answers. You could use the Internet or an encyclopedia. Make them into a poster for your classroom wall. Unit 11 + Tell me about it!you knoweyour world? — bo) RT) ; 4@ What is the most terrible natural disaster to have hit the Earth? © Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and hurricanes are responsible for the deaths of thousands of people every year. (ne of the most violent ‘earthquakes ever recorded ‘was in Ecuador in 1906. Itwas the equivalent of 100 H-bombs, but it was nothing compared to volcanic eruption in ‘Tambora, Indonesia In 1815. This was the equivalent of 10,000 Hebombs. But, even these are nothing compared to ‘many tropical hurricanes: they regularly have the energy SQ ‘of an amazing 100,000 H-bombs. However, there is one natural disaster that beats all of these by'a very long way a meteor that hit the Earth 65 millon years ago and caused an explosion the equivalent of 10 million H-bombs. [_] 5@Why isn’t there a row 13 on aeroplanes? © in many countries, the number 13 is considered to be very unlucky. In France, there is never a house with the number 13. n the United States, modern high-rise buildings label the floor that follows 12 as 14, Where did this fear of a number ‘came from? The idea goes back at least to Norse mythology Inancient times. There was a banquet with 12 gods. Loki, the spirit of ‘evil, decided to join without being Invited. Inthe fight that followed, Balder, the favourite of the gods, was killed, In Christianity, this, theme was repeated ‘at the Last Supper. ‘Jesus Christ and his ‘aposties numbered 13 people at the table. [_] Women generally live about six years longer than ‘men. Evidence suggests that boys are the weaker sex at birth, which means that more die in infancy. Men also have a greater risk of heart disease than women, and they have heart attacks earlier in life. Men smoke and drink more than women, and their behaviour is generally more aggressive, particularly when driving, so they are more likely to die in accidents, Also, men are more often in dangerous occupations, such as construction work Historically, women died in childbirth and men in wars. 0 nuns and philosophers often lived to great ages. Now childbearing is less risky and there are fewer wars. [] 7@Was Uncle Sam a real person? © ves, he was! This symbol of the United states with a long white beard, wearing striped trousers and top hat, was a meat packer from New York state Uncle Sam was Samuel Wilson, born in Arlington, Massachuseits in 1766, At the age of eight, he was 2 drummer boy inthe American Revolution. Later in fe he moved to New York and opened a meat packing company. He was a good and caring employer and became affectionately known as Uncle Sam. Sam Wilson sold meat othe army, and he wrote the letters US on the FOR U.S. ARMY || <2. This meant ‘United states, but this abbreviation was not yet ‘common. One day a company worker was asked what the letters US stood for. He wasn't sure, and wrongly sald that perhaps the letters stood for his employer, Uncle Sam. Nevertheless, the mistake continued. Soon soldiers started referring to all military goods as coming from Uncle Sam. They ‘even saw themselves as Uncle Sam's men. [_] goa aSLISTENING AND SPEAKING VOCABULARY AND IDIOMS The forgetful generation What can your body do? 1 Listen to the introduction to a radio programme called 1 Asa class, write all the parts of the body Whar’ Your Problem? and answer the questions. that you know on the board. ‘+ What problem are they talking about? 2. Work with a partner. Which parts of the + What do they think is causing it? Pacers ios 2 Discuss these questions icloetctnchele: + Does your lifestyle mean that you havea lotto remember to do each day? : + Do you think moder society is busier and more stressful than 100 years ago? lick think ‘° ‘+ How do you remember all the things that you have to do each day? bite 3 Listen to Ellen, Josh, and Fiona, and take notes. hi hold ome — lu | What did they forget? | What did they do? 8 climb | ¢r len hit kiss Josh s whistle Fiona 4 Listen to the rest of the radio programme and answer the questions. 1 What is Professor Alan Buchan’s job? 2. What is it about some modern day working practices that causes forgetfulness? 3. Why did the woman think that she was going insane? 4 What was the woman’s problem? 6 ‘What helped the woman feel more relaxed? Does Professor Buchan advise using a computer to help remember things? 7 What does he advise? Why? 8. How does the presenter try to be funny at the end of the interview? | What do you think? + Do you think Professor Buchan’s explanation for forgetfulness is true? + Do you know any stories of forgetfulness, either your own or somebody elses? 92 Unit Tl + Tell me about it!EVERYDAY ENGLISH Informal English 3. Match a verb from exercise 2.with a noun 1 When we speak, we use alot of informal language, depending on or phrase from the box. who we're speaking to. a ladder into an apple litter on the ground me on the cheek into space atune about the meaning of life a football your grandmother agua nail with ahammer gum an ice-cream ‘me in your arms 4 Look at these idioms. Can you guess their meaning? hold your breath kiss something goodbye hit the roof ‘think twice about something) kick the habit drop someone a line In the conversations, choose the correct expression. 1 A. What do you say we break for lunch? Complete the sentences. Use the idioms above. If necessary, change the form of the verb. The first letter of each missing 5k word is given. ‘We can grab a sandwich at the deli 1D How are you doing? What are you up to? 1 The best way to stop hiccups is to B Nothing much, Just sitting around watching TV. h____yourb__ and A You're such a couch potato. ane B (1) Heystake a break! I work hard all week. [like ae Fins Lluergnemesbralt: | tomlcatwedcnds when I said Pa been to an all-night 3A Quick! Give me your homework so I can copy it party BE Look out! | 1, your own homework! 3 Eve tried so many times to stop biting C1 No way! my nails, but I just can’t kK 4 A Did you mend the TV? ee B C1 Kind of. | Channel ’s OK, but we stil can get Sky 4 Lalmost bought a new sports car, but CO allright. ete : pace A. Anrhing good on tonight? and realized it wasn't such a great idea. BF ets ope | Look in the paper. 5. A [lost my purse with £200 in it. ats UP: B Well, you can k that 5 A What do you call that stuff you use to clean between money g_____ your teeth? 6 D. meal, when 2 ena you know what time you're coming, Bea! | It's like string, White. ‘and I'l meet you at the station, Bowen © Wow nme da os A Yeah. That's it! Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner. WRITING: Words that join ideas 2 Underline the examples of informal language. How do we say PP Coto pis them more formally? Be careful if you try to use them! Unit 11 + Tell me about it! 93Life’s great events! crue ck > TEST YOUR GRAMMAR 1 Read the story of John and Moira in A and complete their actual conversation in . ‘THE MARRIAGE PROPOSAL [A John greeted Moira and asked how she was. She ‘told him she was fine. He sad it was great to see her. He added that they hadn't seen each other since Paris She said that she had loved Paris and asked if they could go back next spring. John said ‘there was something he had to ask her. He told her that he Loved her and asked if she would ‘marry him and come to Paris on honeymoon. She said that she would and that she loved him too, 2. Which is direct speech and which is reported speech? THE WEDDING Reported statements and questions 1 Adam and Beatrice meet at John and Moira's wedding. Match a line in A with a line in B. ‘Adam bs + Birth, marrage, and death « Saying sorry Moira. How — are you_7 . thanks. to see you again. We seen each other since Paris MI Pats we back next spring? J There something! _ to ask you. 1 you. you __ me and come to Paris on honeymoon? M Yes,l 1_____ you, too. 3 Listen and check, What are the differences? How do you know John and Moira? Yes, we have. We flew in fom Dublin yesterday. Are you married? Sure. introduce you to my husband Where did you meet your husband? ‘Wire staying atthe Four Seasons Hotel. Have you travelled fr to gt here? Yes, am. That's my husband over there. Do you ive in Dublin? | went tothe same school as Moira So, where are you staying? Actually, met him at a wedding So am | Can we meet there later fora drink| Yes, we do, Listen and check. Beatrice is telling her husband, Ron, about the conversation with Adam, Read what she says. ‘Tjust met this really nice guy called Adam. He was very friendly. Do you know what he said? First, he asked me how knew John and Moira. I told him that I had gone to the same school as Moira, Then he asked if! was married. Of course I said that I was! And next Unit 12 + Life's great events!Ga Complete the reported speech. Direct speech Reported speech ‘Are you married? He asked if|__was_ he asked. married ‘We're married, She said that they she said married, ‘How do you know John He asked me how | and Moira? he asked John and Moira ‘went to the same She told him that she school as Moira to the same she told him. school as Moira. 2 What happens to tenses in reported speech? 3 What isthe difference in the way say and tell are used? 4 When isi used? DP Grammar Reference 121-123 pI50 PRACTICE What did Adam sa 1 Work with a partner. Continue reporting the conversation, ‘ac next he asked where we'd met and I told him that we .. Listen and compare. 2. After having a drink with Adam, Ron and Beatrice go back to their hotel room. Complete their conversation 1 _R Adam lives in Birmingham, B He told me he ! (Cambridge) 2. R He doesn't like his new job. B He told me he it! Clove) 3. R He's moving to Manchester. B Hang on! He told me ! (Australia) 4 R He went to Brighton on his last holiday. B Strange. He told me ! (Florida) 5 R Hell be 40 next week. B Really! He told me ! (30) 6 R He's been married three times. B Buthetold me 1 (never/married) R You see! I told you he was a liar! Listen and check. Notice the stress and intonation. Practise the conversation with a partner. Discussing grammar 3. Work with a partner. What is the difference in meaning in the pairs of sentences below? When does “d = had? When does 'd = would? 1 He asked them how they'd travelled to the wedding, He asked them how they'd travel to the wedding, 2. She told her mother that she loved John, She told her mother that she'd love John. 3. She said they lived in Dublin. She said they'd lived in Dublin. ‘What did the people actually say in direct spee 4 Report these sentences. 1 ‘Pm tired? he said. 2 ‘Are you leaving on Friday?” she asked me. 3 ‘We haven't seen Jack for a long time; they said 4. ‘We flew to Tokyo: they said. 5. ‘Which airport did you fly from?” I asked them. 6 “The flight has been cancelled; the announcement said. 7 ‘Tall you later} he sai. 8 ‘We can't do the exercise; they told the teacher. Unit 12 + Life's great events! 95Reported commands and requests 1. Read the newspaper article. Name the people in the photos. ‘Who is speaking? Find the lines in the text that report these sentences. 1 “You have to go to prison for 14 days? ludge Pickles ordered thew to spend I days in prison, ‘Its terrible. We can hear them shouting from across the street? 3. ‘Please will you stop making a noise? My baby can’t get to sleep. “Stop making that noise!” ‘Please, can you come right away? “OK. OK. It's true. We were arguing? “You've been wasting our money on drinking and gambling again 8 ‘We didn't throw the chair? 9 ‘Remember that you have already had two warnings from the police? 10 ‘I think you should see a marriage guidance counsellor? D a 4 ‘We can hear them shouting through the walls.” 96 Unit 12 + Life's great events! 4.4 PENS MADE IN HELL" This is how Judge Margaret Pickles described the marriage of Kenny and Kathleen Brady as she ordered them to spend 14 days in prison. and already they are famous for their fights. Neighbours complained that they could hear them shouting from across the street. Ann West, who lives next door, said, ‘First { asked them nicely to stop because my baby couldn’t get to sleep, but they didn’t. Then my husband knocked on their door and told them to stop, but they refused to listen. They threw a chair out of the window at him. It just missed him! So that was it! We called the police and asked them to come right away The Bradys admitted they had been arguing. Mrs Brady said that she had accused her husband of wasting their money on drinking and gambling. However, they denied throwing the chair. The judge clearly did not believe them. She reminded them that they had already had two previous warnings from the police. She advised them to talk to a marriage guidance counsellor. Mr and Mrs West and their baby are looking forward to getting some sleep! T HE COUPLE married only six months ago,EC Listening and note-taking Which sentence isa reported statement? |} 3. You are police officers taking statements. Work in two groups. Which isa reported command? 5 i “ GHEY Group A Listen to Kathleen Brady and take notes. He told them to stop making a noise. “ 2 é She told them that she lived next door. Which sentence is a reported question? Which isa reported request? | asked them to stop making a noise. She asked me if I had met them before. Say, tell, and ask are all used in reported speech, Underline other verbs inthe article that can be used to report conversations ‘She ordered them D>P> Grammar Reference 12.4 p150 PRACTICE Other reporting verbs 1 Match these reporting verbs with the direct speech below. aak — dinvte 4 beg b tell remind refuse Verb patterns ps8 Listen and check. 5 Write the reports for the police records. Use the verbs in the box. admit apologize complain offer order promise refuse say tell Unit 12 + Life's great events! 97VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING — LISTENING AND SPEAKING Birth, marriage, and death Abirth 1 Write these words and phrases in the 1. Work in small groups. What have you been told about the day you correct column. ‘were born? Who told you? What did they say? Tell any interesting stories to the class. wedding funeral get engaged haveababy bouquet wreath 2 GHB Jane Banner lives on the Ise pregrant reception bury ‘of Mull off the west coast of Scotland, groom midwife widow She has recently had a baby. Listen to cot moumers honeymoon her sister, Catherine telling the story of mappy —__get divorced coffin the baby’s birth. Who ean you identify inthe photo? Birth Marriage | Death 2. Here are the opening and closing lines of a short story of a long life. Ga ctor Parrot was born one cold, stormy night in... 3. Underline the correct answer. Jane was taken off the isle by .. helicopter / ferry / lifeboat. 2. She ended up giving birth ... in the aisle of a plane / onthe lifeboat / on the mainland, 3 Atthe birth there was/were ....adoctor / a midwife / two midwives. 4 One of the problems was ... Jane'shusband wasnt present / lack of space / _ He died, aged ninety-five, with a smile on his face. Over five hundred mourners: came to his funeral. ERO itwas a dificult birth, 5 The crew drank to the health of the baby with ... champagne / whisky / a cup of tea ‘Work with a partner. Write the story of main events of Victor’ 6 The baby was named ... Edith Mora / Caledonian McBrayne / the m: ts of Victor’ life. Use as Teper many of the words from exercise 1 as ‘a x possible, Read yaucalory ta Ue ake 7 To commemorate the baby’s birth they ... put her name on the bell / put a notice in the newspaper / named afery after her. 3 What happens at births, weddings, and funerals in your country? Roleplay ‘Work with a partner. Did you see the story in the local paper? Which story ‘was that? Student A You are one of the lifeboat crew. Tell the story of the birth toa friend. Student B React to the story and ask ‘questions to get more information. 98 Unit 12 + Life's great events!READING AND SPEAKING Adeath 1 You are going to read and listen toa poem by WH Auden (1907-1973). The poem is called “Funeral Blui the ttle tell you about the Close your books and close your eyes and listen to the poem. Don’t try to understand ry word. + What has happened? ‘+ How does the writer feel about the world nov ‘+ What words or lines can you remember? Share what you can ren rest of the class. GHD Listen again, and read the poem, Answer the questions. Use your dictionary to check new word with the 1 A loved one has died. What, in general, does the poet want the rest of the world to dot Why does the poet feel like this? Which lines describe things that could possibly happen? Which lines describe impossible things verse describes the closeness of the relationship? When you fall in love it is said that coloured glasses: What does this mean? In what ways is the poem the opposite of this? Learning by heart 4 Divide into four groups. 1 Each group choose one verse and learn it by heart. Recite the poem around the class. SCE mras ramen eimai recast Wn eR Ce aay Silence the pianos and with muffled drum eae ROH a MO Se es Pee EUS EOC eg aT Sctibbling on the sky the message He Ts Dead, tera pM ecko gt eaters Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves. CCM ees cera TA Sn RSS MNS ca eC NAC aac I thought that love would last forever: I was Wrong, The stars are not wanted now; put out every one; Roan CeCe MCR en cn ath Ea eMC eT ce COE eee Renae ee WH Auden (1907-1973)LISTENING AND SPE I G EAKING My Way 1 GERD Listen to the songMy Way, made famous by Frank Sinatra. + What isthe message about ie inthis song? + At what stage in his life isthe singer? Work with a partner. Discuss which words on the right best complete the lines. Listen again and check. Sing along if you can! DENG nen WRITING: Correcting mistakes (2) ‘And now, the end is near And so (1). the final curtain 1 My friend, I'll say it clear Vil @)___ my case, of which 'm certain | 2 Ve lived a life that's full ve (3)___eachand every highway | 3 ‘And more, much more than this, Regrets, I've had (4) 4 But then again, too few to mention I did what 1 (5) todo 5 and saw it through without exemption, | planned each charted course, each careful (6). along the byway | 6 ‘And more, much more than this, Yes, there were (7) a‘ 7 1'm sure you knew, When | bit off more than | could (8). 8 But through it all, When there was doubt ‘ate it up and spit it out | faced it all and | stood (9) 9 I've loved, I've (10) and cried 10 I've had my fil, my share of losing ‘And now, as tears subside, Hind it all so (11) " To think | did all that And may | say, not in a (12) way, | 12 “Oh, no, oh, no, not me, I did it my way.” For what is a man, what has he got? H not himself, then he has (13) 3 To say the things he truly (14)__ 14 and not the words of one who kneels, ‘The record shows | took the (15) 15 meet / face state / say travelled / ridden alot /a few had / wanted step / stop days / times chew / eat tall /up joked (laughed | ; exciting /amutieg I adie | nothing / naught feels / knows blows / time Goto pli9 100 Unit 2 « Life’ great events!EVERYDAY ENGLISH Saying sorry 1 Complete the conversations with the expressions from the box. (Cim)sorrymsosorry Pardon 1A B we > Uh pwr oe wre b> Excuse me What Excuse me, can you tell me where the post office is? Tima stranger here myself. Ouch! That's my foot! I wasn’t looking where I was going, . what's that creature called? Its Diplodocus. A Diplodocus. D-I-P-L-O-D-O-C-U-S. Thank you very much. 1 failed my driving test for the sixth time! We need to get past. My little boy isn’t feeling well. Do you want your hearing aid, Grandma? I said: Do you want your hearing aid? DO YOU WANT YOUR HEARING AID?! , Tean’t hear you. I need my hearing aid. Listen and check, Practise the conversations with a partner. 2. What exactly would you say in the following situatio Use two to four sentences in your response. + You were cut off» Youwant to get + You want the inthe middle of an off avery crowded attention of the important phone _trainat thenext—_waiterina very callto business stop. Youhavea crowded restaurant. colleague. You call large suitcase. You want another your colleague back large bottle of mineral water for Hello? I'm sorry about that. ‘your table. Tthink we must have been cut off * A friend tells you that she can't meet you for lunch as planned next Thursday because she suddenly has to gotoan aunt’, funeral + You thought you» Your dinner guest hhad bought a reminds you that he ‘medium-size isa vegetarian. You jumper, but when have just puta huge yyou get home you steak on his plate, see it is the wrong size, You take it back tothe shop, Unit 12 + Life's great events! 101WRITING BP UNTI Correcting mistakes (1) p103 Finding and correcting language mistakes in an informa letter > UNIT2 Letters and emails pios Beginnings and endings; formal and informal language Bp UNT3 — Anarrative (1) pios Telling a story; linking ideas and adding detail > UNIT4 For and against pios ‘Useful words and phrases > UNITS Making a reservation p109 Sending a fax to ask for information > UNIT6 A description (1) p110 Describing a room; ‘lative pronouns, participles > UNIT7 A letter of application p12 Useful words and phrases (p UNTS — Anarrative (2) pis A disastrous holiday; adverbs in a narrative fp UNITS A description (2) pris Describing a person's physical appearance, character, and habits [> UNITIO. Writing a biography pii7 Combining sentences to avoid repetition > UNIT] Words that join ideas piis In fact, actually, of course, naturally, > UNITI2. Correcting mistakes (2) p1i9 Finding and correcting language mistakes in a formal letter REFERENCE Tapescripts pi20 Grammar Reference p14 Pairwork activities p:s1 Irregular verbs p1s7 Verb patterns piss Phonetic symbols p13» 102Writing > UNIT 1 p/3 CORRECTING MISTAKES (1) 1 It is important to try to correct your own mistakes when you write, Tense ‘ww Wrong word Look at the letter that a student has written to her friend. Her teacher Prep Preposition Punctuation has used symbols to show her the kind of mistakes she has made. Ge Grammar Sp Spelling Read the letter and correct the mistakes. Wo Word order Word missing 23, Se. Mary's Road, 2 Answer the questions. Dublin 4, Ireland 1 Where is Kati? Whereis she staying? Tuesday, 10 May 2. Why is she there? 3. What does she do each day? Dear Stephanie 4. What does she do in her free time? Prep, 5. Who has she met? Haw ae you? Tn very well. I came tay Dublin te weeks 3. Imagine that you are a student in another ge fate study at a language shoal X wantjlearn sugliche town. Answer the questions in exercise 2 pean a very pret language Tm ry widh a Trish | about you. : Ge Kendall 4 Write a similar letter to a friend back in family. They've got 2wo sO es Lec ea pK your country. Write 150-200 words. : Kende pi is igtencher and Mrs Kendall work in a very kind, but they speak very quickly! | TL atudy in the morning, My teachdig name is Aron She SaLL me, that my English is OK, but Fela lot of mistakes. spoon die give us to much: hamenirk, £0 ithe aftorgons go diays sights | Dublin is much mare big than my oe es ee peel PR town, I like very much painting very interests PEE aden art, 20 T visit galeries and museums, Tee met agirt named Martina. Ske carne from Spain. and gi #0 inity College. Last night we go to the cinema, but the “Trinity , Lat film wasnt very exidina. ‘Be yn ike 20 vi dorit you come for a Do yin like 20 visit mie? Why don’t yo weekend? Td love to see you. Write to me soon. Writing Unit 103Rp vraen LETTERS AND EMAILS Beginnings and endings 1 How many diffecent ways can you think of to startand 2. Read extracts 1-11 from some letters and emails. Which end a letter or email? are beginnings and which are endings? Write 8 or E, wishes madam All Hi i! sir 1 Justa note to say thank you so much for having me to stay last weekend. B Dear Lots of love best 2. Thank you for your letter of 16 April. Please find sincerely YOUIS faithfully enclosed a cheque for £50.00. 3 Write or beter still, email me soon. 4 Hoveare you doing? You'll never guess who I saw last week at Dan's. ered 5 Tam writing in response to your advertisement in Zhialaa Nadia yesterday's Daily Star 6 Wetrus this arrangement meets with your satisfaction. 7 V'm sorry I haven't been in touch for such a long time. PI mpbayes(a 8 look forward to hearing from you at your earliest ‘convenience. 9 I thought I'd write rather than email for a change. 10. Give my regards to Robert. 11 Take care and thanks again. 3. Look again at the sentences in exercise 2. Which are formal, and which are informal? Underline the words 9 Llewellyn Street and phrases which helped you decide. Llanauano SSleincbow besion Se SB SSre,4 Match the beginnings and endings of these different leters and emails. 1 Dear Mary and Dave, ‘Any chance that you two are free next Sat: pm? 2 Dear Jane, ‘Thanks for your letter It was great to hear from you after such a long time. You asked me what Fve been doing. Well... 3. Dear Sir/Madam, I saw an advertisement in the Daily Telegraph for weekend breaks at your hotel, 4 HiPete, ‘Thanks forthe invite. 5. Dear Mr Smith, We received your order for the Encyclopedia World CD ROM, and your cheque for £7. ‘+ Many thanks. | look forward to hearing from you in the near future. Yours faithfully, James Fox + We apologize forthe inconvenience and will have pleasure in processing your order as soon as we receive the additional amount. Yours sincerely, ‘Thames Valley Computer Software ‘+ It would be lovely to see you some time. Do you ever come ‘to London? We could meet for lunch. Love Pat + Let me know asap. All the best, Martin + Cant wait to see you Let’ hope it tas fine. Love to Elie. See you then, Deborah Continue the beginnings with one of these lines. Could you please send me your brochure and a price list? | would be most grateful. i te changed my job a few times since | last spoke to you, and as you know, ve moved to anew flat. Unfortunately this amount did not include packing and postage, which is £750. L We've got four tickets for that open-air concert in Woodstock. Interested? Weld love to come. Which one... + asks for information? + invites? + aks for further payment? accepts an invitation? + gives news? Underline the words and phrases which helped you decide. 7 You have just found the email address of an old friend on the website Friends Reunited. Write an email to himvher. Give your news, describe some things that ‘you have done recently, and say what your future plans are. Ask about his/her news and family.g ideas Read the story. Where do clauses af go? assoon as their father had died 'b_ who had worked hard in his vineyard all his life € what their father had meant by the great treasure and while they were working they thought about what their father had said © because they felt that all their hard work had been for nothing £ Soon they had dug up every inch of the vineyard Complete the moral. [OSD O Ge 106 Writing Unit3 THE FARMER AND HIS SONS ‘There was once an old, dying farmer (1) _. Before he died he wanted to teach his three sons how to be good farmer. So he called them to his bedside and said, ‘My boys, | have an important secret to tll you: there is a great treasure buried in the vineyard. Promise me that you will ook for it when | am dead.” ‘The sons gave their promise and (2)___ they began looking forthe ‘treasure. They worked very hard in the hot sun (3)__. They pictured boxes of god coins, diamond necklaces, and other such things (4) _ but they found not a single penny, They were very upset (5)__. However, afew months later the grapes started to appear on the vines. Their grapes were the biggest and best in the neighbourhood and they sold them for alot of money. Now the sons understood (6) and they lived happily ever after. ‘THE MORAL OF THIS STORY 15: HARD WORK BRINGS...2. Complete the sentences using a linking word from the box. Use each linking word once only. . AND HIS DAUGHTERS ‘There was once an emperor lived in a palace. He had three daughters no sons. He wanted his daughters to marry he died. He found three princes. his daughters didn’t like them. They refused to many the princes, the emperor became very angry. He said they must get married they were sixteen years old, ‘The three daughters ran away _ the night and found work on a farm. However, ‘They fell in love with the farmer's sons ‘they were working there. = They married the sons they were sixteen. wan 3 In what ways are these sentences different from the ones in exercise 2? ‘There was once an old emperor who lived in an enormous, golden palace in the middle ofthe city Ping Chong, He had three beautiful daughters, but unfortunately no sons. Continue rewriting the story, adding ‘more detail to make it more interesting. 4 Write a folk tale or fairy story that you know. Write about 200 words. Begin: There was/were once ... or ‘Once upon a Hme there was/were ... End: = amd they lived happily ever after. If your story has a moral, give it at the end,> UNIT 4 p33 _ FOR AND AGA 1 Read the text. Replace the underlined words and phrases with those in the box. [ in my opinion, ‘One advantage is that For instance One disadvantage is that pros and cons All things considered Finally Inconclusion Infact, Another point is that Moreover WILDHOOD — the best time of your Life 1 Some people say that childhood is the best time of your life. However, being a child has both advantages and disadvantages 2. On the plus side, you have very few responsibilities example, you don't have to go to work, pay bills, or do the shopping, cooking, or cleaning. This means you have plenty of free time to do whatever you want ~ watch TV; play on the computer; go out with friends; play sports, or pursue other hobbies. On top cof that, public transport, cinema, and sports centres cost much less for children. All in all, being a child is an exciting, action-packed time in life. 3. However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing, you have to spend all day, Monday to Friday, at school. Studying usually means you have to do homework, and you have to take exams, What is mare, you may have a lot of free time, but you are rarely allowed to do whatever you want. You usually have to ask your parents if you can do things, from going shopping in town to staying out late or going to a party. Last of all, athough there are often cheaper prices for children, things are still expensive ~ and parents are not always generous with pocket 4 Tosum_up, although some people see childhood as the best time in life, [think that children have no real choice, independence, or money. Nevertheless, it is true that choice, money, and independence all bring responsibilities and restrictions ~ which increase with money. There's never enough to do everything you #8 ‘vant. The reality is that sometimes there's not enough to do anything at all! 2 There are four paragraphs. What is the purpose of each one? 4 You are going to write a ‘for and against’ essay. Write alist of pros and cons for one 3 Match the pros with the cons. of these topics. 1. Getting older 1 don't have to go to work ‘are never given enough pocket money 2 Having a university degree 2. cango out to parties with fiends | have to do homework and take exams 3. Havieg chien while young 3. don't have to cook and clean _| have to goto school Monday to Friday | 5 Use your ideas from exercise 4 to write 4 costs less todo things need to ask your parents’ permission four paragraphs. Write about 250 words 08 Writing Unit 4> UNIT 5 p42 MAKING A RESERVATION 1 Janet Cooper wants to go on holiday with her family. She faxes the Sea ‘View B&B to see if they have the accommodation she wants. Look at the advert for the Sea View B&B and fil in the details at the top of the fax. 2 Put the words in order, and write them into the message part of Janet’s fax. FAX TRANSMISSION SEA VIEW B&B wwwseaviewb&b.com Get away from the city. Toe ________ Page tiol 1 Escape to the peace and quiet From: Janet Cooper Date: of Cornwall! | ': For reservations and enquiries conta Subject: To fax ns for reservation and enquiries contact From fax no: (1259 67821 01326 230579 vations@seavieb&b.com a two/ rooms / bed and breakfast /1/ to / would like / reserve / at / your b 27 August / We / on / are / arriving € six / hope / stay / to / We / for / nights / | departing / 2 September / on d and / husband / would like / room / 1 / My / double / with / en-suite bathroom / an / preferably / a | € also / reserve / two / to /1/a/ room / for / ‘would / like / teenage / our / daughters F should / non-smoking / rooms / be / Both & sea/ the / possible / Would / have / it / rooms / to/ facing / be / 2 hh available / for / you / Do / have / dates / these / rooms / ? i also / me / you / Could / tell / room / each / price / the / of /2 j from /1 [forward / look / you / to / hearing rrr 3. Write a reply letter or fax to Janet. Include the following information: + thank her for her enquiry + say you ae pleased to confirm her reservation for the rooms she wants and forthe dates she wants + tell her that al the rooms come with en-suite bathroom and a sea view “+ each room is £50 per night “+ end the letter saying that you look forward to welcoming her and her family to the BRB * finish with Yours sincerely, Anne Westzombe Writing Unit $109NIT 6 p53 > A DESCRIPTION ( Describing a room ~ relative pron ciples s, par 1. Think of your favourite room. Draw a plan of it on a piece of paper. Write down why you like it and some adjectives to describe it My fevourte room is... ike it because... Show a partner your plan and talk about your room, Read the description. Why is this kitchen more than just a room where you cook and eat? 3 Complete the description using these relative clauses: which tells the story that we're going to next Saturday ‘where we cook and eat ‘hose family have all emigrated ‘hich is the focal point ofthe room wich means we haven't seen Vike best who are cross and sleepy ‘where family and friends come together GRAMMAR SPOT Underline the relative pronouns in ‘exercise 3. What do they refer to? When cdo we use which, who, that, where, and whose? Look at the these sentences. We can ‘omit the relative pronoun from one in ‘each pair. Which one? Why? This is the room which | lke best. / This is the room which has good view of the sea. He’ friend who we havent seen for years. / He’ a friend who lives in London. Look at these examples of participles. Rewrite them with relative pronouns. ' have so many happy memories of times spent there. ‘There is a large window looking out onto two apple trees in the garden. >> Grammar Reference 6.5 and 6.6 pl43, TO Writing Unit 6 he room in our house (1) is our kitchen. Perhaps the T= is the most important room in many houses, but itis particularly so in our house because it's not only (2) but it's also the place (3) | have so many happy memories of times spent there: ordinary daily events such as making breakfast on dark, cold winter mornings for children (4) , before sending them off to school; or special occasions such as homecomings or cooking Christmas dinner. Whenever we have a party, people gravitate with their drinks to the kitchen. It always ends up the fullest and noisiest room in the house. ‘So what does this special room look like? It's quite big, but not huge. It's big enough to have a good-sized rectangular table in the centre, (5) There is a large window above the sink, lookingout onto two apple trees in the garden. There's a big, old cooking stove at one end, and at the other end a walll with a huge notice board (6) of our lives, past, present, and future: a school phato of the kids; a postcard from Auntie Nancy, (?) to Australia; the menu from a take-away Chinese restaurant; an invitation to a wedding (8) ja letter from a friend ©) for years. All our world is there for everyone to read! The front door is seldom used in our house, only by strangers. Allour friends use the back door (10), they come straight into the kitchen and join in whatever is happening there. The kettle ‘goes on immediately and then we all sit round the table, drinking, tea and putting the world to rights! Without doubt some of the happiest times of my life have been spent in our kitchen. 4 Link these sentences with the correct relative pronoun: who, which, that, where, whose. 1. The blonde lady is Pat. She's wearing a black dress. 2 There's the hospital. My sister works there. 3. The postcard arrived this morning. Its from Auntie Nancy. 4 Ipassed all my exams. This made my father very proud. 5. Did you meet the girl? Her mother teaches French, 5 Complete the sentences with a word from the box in the present or past participle. play give stick listen arrange 1 I spend hours in my room, to music 2 Thave lots of posters on the walls. 3 My brother is in his bedroom, on his computer. 4 There are photos of my family on my shelves. 5 Lalso have a colour TV to me on my last birthday. 6 Write a similar description of your favourite room in about 250 words. Describe it and give reasons why you like it. Use relative pronouns and participles to link your sentences. Writing Unité m1eur 7 p55 ‘A LETTER OF APPLICATION 1. Read Nancy's letter of application and complete it using the phrases and words in the box. | consider myself experience widely As you will see hard-working fluently 1am writing in response advertisement wv | look forward to hearing ‘on business deadlines: Worldwatch Europe IPA 56 Merritts Avenue Overland Park Reading RG2 6HD Dear David Benton, to your in today’s Guardian for a journalist based in Geneva. from the enclosed , [studied journalism and modern languages at University College, London, and went on to doa master’s in journalism at Queen Mary’s College, London. the ideal candidate for the job because I have all the relevant In my present job I am in charge of Eastern Europe publications for Intertec Publishing. Before this, I worked for the BBC World Service, at first covering Mexico and Argentina, then Europe. I have travelled in South America and Europe. In my present job I frequently go to Japan . Ispeak French, German, and Spanish Tam an enthusiastic and person. I am good at organizing people and can meet from you in the near future. Yours sincerely,2. Answer the questions. 1 What job is Nancy applying for? 2. Where did she hear about the vacancy? 3 What is she sending with her letter? 4 Look at her letter and the advert. Why does she think she is right for the job? Europe a Business Journalist This international business magazine, with 1,000,000 readers worldwide, is seeking a journalist, based in Geneva, to cover business news in Europe. Requirement: + a master’s degree in journalism * at least two years' experience in business journalism * fluent in French and German. If possible, some knowledge ‘of Spanish * excellent communication skills * international travel experience is a plus Please send CV and letter of application to: David Benton, Worldwatch Europe IPA 56 Merrtts Avenue, Overland Park, Reading RG2 6HD Visit us on the web: httpulwwrw.wep@ipe.co.uk 3 You are going to write a letter of application, Read the job advertisement below. TRANS-GLOBE TOURS TOUR GUIDES We are looking for enthusiastic, hard-working, friendly people who have good interpersonal skills = speak two or more languages fluently have a genuine interest in other countries and cultures want to See the world Please apply wth CV to: Martin Ruane, Personnel Manager Trans Globe Tours, Victoria Square, London SW 6VC 4 Answer the questions in exercise 2 about you. Use your answers to write your letter of application for Trans-Globe Tours, Write about 200 words.NARRATIVE (2) A disastrous holiday ~ adverbs in an Think about the worst holiday you have ever had! Write some notes about it, then swap information with a partner. 2 Read the beginning of the story about Jack and Liza's holiday. Put the words on the right into the correct place in the lines, and make any necessary changes. p HOLIDAY HORROR STORY [AFTER CHRISTMAS two years ago Jack and Liza decided to go away for New Year. | just/suddenly/somewhere They dida’'t want to stay ina hotel with crowds of people and they were delighted | so/really ‘when they saw an advertisement in The Sunday Times for a holiday flat in a village near Oxford, It was no ordinary flat, tt was on the top floor of an old Elizabethan However mansion. They booked it, and on New Year's Eve they set offin the car. It was immediately/Although raining and freezing cold, they were happy and excited. heavily They had been driving for three hours when they saw the house in the distance. | nearty/finally It looked magnificent with tall chimneys and a long, wide drive. They drove up to incredibly the house, went up the steps to the huge front door and knocked. Nothing happened. | loudly They knocked again. The door opened and a small, wild-looking old lady stood there. | more loudly/Eventualy/slowly Work with your partner. Look at the pictures and complete the next part of the story using the prompts below to help. “The old lady was wearing In one hand she was carrying a large glass of whisky and The house was absolutely The old lady led Jack and Liza slowly up There were two huge dogs growling menacingly ‘When they saw the rooms they couldn't believe their eyes because They hurriedly Read your story aloud to the class and compare ideas. 14 Writing Unit 8end of the story. Put the words on the right into the correct place. WHEN they cot outside again the rain had tuned to snow. They ran to the car, laughing. They felt that they had been released from a prison and now they wanted to be with lots of people. They drove to the next village and as midnight ‘was striking they found a hotel with a room for the night. ‘Happy New Year!” cried Jack, as he kissed the surprised receptionist on both cheeks. “You have no idea how beautiful your hotel is 6 Write the story of your worst holiday in about 250 words ically desperately/qui warmly + When wasit? + Where wasit? + Why wasit bad? +» Who were you with? + What did Writing Unit 8 115,INIT 9 p76 > A DESCRIPTION (2) F Describing a person Emily Morgan, My Aunt Think of someone in your family Write answers to questions 1-6 about him/her. What is his/her name? Hlow is this person related to you? Why are you choosing this person? What is he/she like? ‘What does he/she look like? ‘What does he/she like to do? Read your sentences to the rest of the class. Look at the photo and read the description of Emily Morgan. Write the words and phrases used to describe her on the chart. physical | appearance character yenis Of all my relatives, | like my Aunt Emily the best. She's my mothers youngest sister She has never married aud ; a - she lives all alone in a small village near Bath. She's in not very tolerant in paragraph 2is ; i a polit way of saying tettenane her late fifties, but she’s still quite young in spirit. She. ‘Make polite forms of these words. has a, ee (eau hair, and deep ee 1 rude eyes. a kis z, and when you meet her, i Eyes smile, Her face isa little lined now, she is = Sell rather attvattie, Sha te the Vadof porcoa spans 6 stupid always go te-if you have a problem. A milcdaticcampteactensa CLITA HE oN perce Lele yale alittle your relatives. Include: tertake'her dog, Buster, for long walks bv the parle. «your relation to him her She!s a very active person Either sels making something * ssn ve or ens ee or doing s to-help + his/her character, habits, likes and dislikes 2 erent TERS of the old people in the village. She's extremely generous, but not very tolerant of people who don't agree with her. | hope that lam as contented as she is when | am her age.Rewriop WRITING A BIOGRAPHY Combining sent: 1 Read the sentences in A about Astrid Johnsson. Compare them with the paragraphs in B. Note all the ways the sentences combine. Inderline the words in A that are not used again in B. A B Astrid Johnsson i a cellist - She is Swedish, Astrid Johnsson, the She is famous for her music ‘Swedish cellist, who is famous She is famous worldwide. She started paying the cello atthe age of three. She was born in Stockholm in 1960, worldwide for her music, started playing the cello at the age of She let Stockholm in 1978 ‘hres. Boe i Sessa ery She won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Astrid left there in 1878 when Music in London. she won a scholarship to the She studied the cello, Royal Academy of Music in London. Whilst there, she not only studied She studied the history of music and composition the cello, she also studied the history of music and composition. She has travelled all over the world ‘Since then she has travelled all over the world, playing in concerts She has played in concerts and composed film musi. and composing film music. She has lived and worked in many She has lived and worked in many places. places ntinding Loa tone N Yorks ard eatia hans lien ofl ote She has lived and worked in London, New York, and Pars. With her daughter and hier second husband, the eondctor She now lives in Paris coors ate She lives with her daughter and her second husband. He isa conductor. He is Georges Leveaux. Alfred Nobel is also Swedish. Why is he famous? Combine 3. Starting as shown, continue the biography of these sentences about him to form a natural sounding Alfred Nobel. paragraph. Use the first paragraph on Astrid to help. Returning to Sweden with hie brother Emil n 1252, he Alfred Bernhard Nobel is the man behind the Nobel Prizes. He was an engineer. He returned to Sweden in 1852 J) He was an inventor and 3 poet . He retuned with his brother Emil, He was born in Stockholm in 1833. They worked in their father’ factory. He left stockholm at the age of The factory was an explosives factory. His family moved to Russia. {An explosion in the factory killed Emil in 1854, a Alfred was deeply affected He wanted to invent a safer explosive. : He invented one in 1867 4 se geal cal He called it dynamite. He started to set up dynamite factories He founded factories in many parts of the world Alfred made a fortune. He died in 1896, He left $9 millon He left the money to set up yearly prizes for science, literature, and world peace. The prizes are called the Nobel Prizes. 4 Research some facts about a famous man and a F famous woman, dead or alive, who you admire. Write a short profile for each of them, Writing Unit 10 117> UNIT 11 p93 WORDS THAT JOIN IDEAS 1 Join the sentences in different ways using the words in brackets. 1 George was rich. He wasn't a happy man. (but / although / however) 2. Jo rang me from a phone box. She's lost her mobile. (because / so) ) 2. Look at these words and expressions. They prepare people for what you are going to write or say next. Read and complete the sentences. 1 In fact/ Actually (1m going to add more information to support this statement) Peter docsr’t like working in London. In fact, he's thinking of changing jobs. Peter and I are in love. Actually, we 2 Of course/Naturally (What ! am going to say is obvious) Of course, having a baby has totally changed our lives. ‘Naturally, when I was a child I didn’t 3. Fortunately/Unfortunately (What / am going to say isis not good news.) She tried really hard, and fortunately, she passed the exam. ‘She stood and waited for over an hour, but unfortunately, naturally _ fortunately 4 Nevertheless (/ am going to tell you about a result or effect which is unexpected) ‘The accident wasn't her fault. Nevertheless, she felt terrible. My father didn’t do very well at school. Nevertheless, 5. Anyway (/ am going to finish talking about the subject and move on to something new) ‘What traffic I thought I'd never get here, Anyway, now lets get on with the meeting. Anyway, you've heard enough about me. What 3. Read the email and write the word or words that fit best. 2 ‘Subject: Hi from Jackio and Joe Hi Melody, hope you'r all well. Things are busy here. Maya moved out last week. ourselves. (4) __, (However / In fact) i's nice to come home to a ays she wants to travel somewhere interesting this summer, (7) 0 yet. Joe's fine, (8) Nevertheless) i's been the rainiest summer for 20 years. (11) How are you all? What are you up 0? ‘Write back and tell me everything! Love, Jackie garden (2) (because / actually) it's rained every day for the last two weeks! (10) ‘She found a small apartment not far rom here, a, (c0/ anyway) we stil see her all the time. She also got a new job at a radio station. (2). (Unfortunately, / Because) it doesn't pay very well, (3)___of course / but) at least she likes it. Now that Maya has moved out, it's only Joe and me at home. After 24 years of having kids around the house, it's a litle strange to have the place all to ‘clean house at the end of the day. :) ‘Samantha is going to graduate from Obertin College this year. We're all very proud and (6). (however / of course) we're going to have a party for her. (6). (Go / Actually its going to be a surprise party! So, shin! Samantha (but / because) she hasn't decided where to __ {although / so) he's been in a bad mood lately. He hasn't been able to do much in the (In fact / , (Anyway / Of course) that's enough of our news. 138> UNIT 12 p00 CORRECTING MISTAKES (2) 1 Kati was a student of English in Dublin, where she stayed with the Kendall family. She has now returned home. Read the letter she has written to Mr and Mrs Kendall. Her English has improved, but there are still ‘over 25 mistakes, How many can you find? Szerenes 4. 43 3300 Eger Hungary Friday, 14 Jue Dear Mr and Mrs Kendall Lam home now since two weeks, but I have ta start work immediately, so this is the first time is possible for rte to write. Hon! are you all? Are you busy as usual? Does Tim still wark hard for his exarn nect month? I ane miss you a lot and also all my friends from Dublin, Yesterday I've received a letter from my Spain friend, Martina, and she told me about some of the other people I met. She say that Atsuko cand Yuki will write me fram. Japan. I am. lucky because I made so many goed friend during I was in Ireland. It was really interesting for me to meet people from so many different countries. I think that we nat only improved our English (I hope this!) but wwe also knew people from all over the world and this is important. My family are fine, They had a good summer holiday by the lake. We are all very exciting because ray brother will get married just before Christmas and we like very much his girlfriend, They have looked for a flat near the city centre but it is no easy ta find one. If they won't find one soon, they will have to stay kere with us, Please can you check something for me? I cant find my red scarf. I think maybe L have fargotten it in the cubsard in my bedroom. Please write saan. My family send best wishes 40 you all. I hope I can come back next year. Stay with you was a very wonderfidl experience for me. Thank you for all things and excuse my mistakes, I already forget much words Yours faiehfilly, I Kati | PS I hope you like the photo. It's nice, isnt ie? 2 Compare the mistakes you have found with a partner. Correct the letter. 3 Wiitea thank-you letter to someone you have stayed with, Writing Unit 2 119Tapescripts Unit] EHED General knowledge quiz 1 The modern Olympic Games started in. 1196. 2 Teak cigh mits for he an ys to exch he Earth 2 Fie was waking onthe moon. 4 Hfjou ar fying over the Iterations Date line the Pie Ocean Below Fou 5 Avegtaran doc ext mest 6 sme stands for Word Wide Web, 7 Glnwes were verted in aly rnd 1300 AD 8 rr as won the Work Cp i times. 9 John Lennon ws esnig to hs apartment ‘when hea anesinted. 10 Chinese pao by the most people the wen 11 Rehiom Mandel did't become president of South Ain unt he was 76 year ld Bees ews in prion for 27 year 12 Feople hae een sending ema sine the 7 a 1 Thesum does isin the west! Te vses in the cast 2 Cows dont eat meat! They eat ras! 3. Mercedes-Benz cas arent made in Canada! ‘They w made in Geamany! 4 Neil Armstrong did land on the moon in 19851 He landed in 1968! 5 Jon Lennon wast performing on stage ‘when he was assassinated! He was returning tohis apartment! 6 ‘The Pyramids weren't built by the Chinese! “They were built by the Egyptians! 7 Wehaven' been in clas fo five hours! Weve ‘ben in class for one hour! 8 Weare studying alan! Were studying English! TP What id youd at igh B Toayeta ha ce ted ison, 2A vit Kind oaks do yon reading 3 Horr sores and sens Beton 5A Hoveyoueretbemta te Uned Satst B tect hare Trent het ye A Didyoolie 8 cs realy 4 A atthe ence dine B es png Mara ih his xr 2 What ds your mse do? B Shewors aban 2 Wy Set ou do ourhomevor a 3B Because Ide el well, 7 at areyou doing ont ween? tec 5 Hie you gots TV in our bedoon? B No, haven't, Just a CD player. 1 My sister's a teaches, 2. She's on holiday at the moment 3 Shes in France, 44 She's never traelled to Europe efore. 55 She’ been there fortwo weeks {Shes going back o work next week. 7 Her husband's builder. 18 He's gor his own business. GBB seeps. D Good morning! Did you have ance time last E Yes | di. I went round to Bis house. D Do you want breakiast? E No.1 don, thanks. 'm not hungry 1D Hate you had any coffee? E Yes {have don't want any more, thanks, D Is Bill coming round tonight™ E Nohe isnt. He’ going out for dinner with his nil. D OK. Are you leaving for school soon? E Yes, Lam. Tm going right now. Bye 1 Isithot ody? 2 titra! § Ane oemiquat 4 Doyou wal cme css by bas 5 Refou png git & Brau hts yod day ested? > fee yougate Scion Hey go any pet 1A Do ose hing Ege B at dat my iar, 2 A lea day ot 2 Nov ecg. ater eeeerpel 2 Norther Yo an oro mie you va 4. 4 Myon sing at hme his evening? 2 Tum Boyou want ocome ound? 5 Did yougo obra une Nov it Tel atod GEBD My wonders K= Kelly, = Sam, P= Peter K We were doing the wonders ofthe world in school today. You knows the seven ancient ‘wonders the pyramids and suchlike and we got to talking about what modern wonders ‘would be and well we all thought that. ‘Huh! 1 know what the best modem wonder is for me Tknow what's changed my life more than anything ele. ‘What's that, Dad? ‘The dishwasher. Uh? What d’you mean ~ the dishwasher? “Lmean the dishwasher. think its marvellous! ‘Every time I use something ~ cups, plates, dishes, knives, forks, you know, just put ti, and after afew days it ill up, I tur it on and “Dingo'— all clean, bright and spasKling and T start again Helps keep my kitchen tidy, I'm rot very good at tidy. ones Yeah, and the rest ofthe house isa mess! ‘Come on Grandpa, abit more serious, 8 Lar serious K Wal anyway weal said at school the very best thing was the mobile phone .. P Liew it $5 Hubt I don't even know how to use one K Oh, Lcoulda' ive without mine. ts brant. ean cll or text my fiend all he time. P Dont know Ker fom we Lam and they ean cor Stim Or acd ito four Nun You mein the when ou red picking op fours Santon eng Sah tht ind hing oT going wo Bebo aot yg att ol or Gnurer-1asjon ge an Bas ‘tte ppg ORO hts pd but the pole shat pec twee much ey ae ee oeele = x Sc one ipa pease eee gs) Al gal ight Kel you can Sha hac ee Ha wer Pee io them pu pasa eons hax telnet big coment =o thow tend of hinge elo eect, ewe. ton het youcmn poe lant int oven § Seti nox borng. i realy ‘ngreo youaow when pple ihe whe tei ig eben os Andean go boty madi we pet ‘ota tied they agin a ou Kart oo oop et neue Tre do, Cob moe vin aes toner th moder wr » id hve ty free sot sing rookristnchoeou frthe baeos ders hanged thee wo and ito ante y bse Begone ‘ak svar on the compute hcg cul mcog toni sw a oor Sent isdone nomads Yeh br thea ut ta you ged o Your compitral day ert son people Trp commision eo cen Ba be trough machines J bce ovve gual ae dite waste ‘iia dca an 0 ey oe touylTm gad dot hve emade and eign dy Alvi rate the way hing ae poing Jord proba bale sed np eee ee oe s Han ov ny in pe seepi2 ied $ wed Lae oeSony imate. ot suckin ai 1 Nevermind there no Come td st down 2A fps, Mun! Fina hol nove 3 Mere nyo ae 24 Have you bet that ay ing ut wih ee 1 Resi {dost knoe what sh sce in im! 4A Holgi tke you to dhe homeware? B Ager ow about you? 5A lon now abot you but sk and tio of seater 1 Sonnet ont sandal hs in, 6A Who was tat you ith tight 1 Mind your on buat ‘A Tinted Fm aking next week of. 5 That sounds ikea god ide. The break wild ou goo. § A Lets go or unin the pu 1 Ne? Rn You mut be olin 9A Can we getopeeriesfnoon a 3.02 B Fimsory. teat ake then What boat bitin? 10 a Wht orion oa Ws it expenset B Mes eeaea orton! 1 Tm taking this Fiday and next Monday off ‘Were going avay for along weekend, 2 Gan we meet at about 7 oelock? 3 Tm really soery Ym late 1 ovesiept 44 Joh going to take Sue to the party next week 5 Dads how much do you can? Unit 2 Seepls an 1 she marred? Yes heis, 2 What does he dot Hea lawyer 3 Where doos he lvet Inabig hous in Dallas, Texas, 4 Has he got any children Yes hes got wo. What does his wife do? {6 Which sports does he play? He sometimes plays galt 7 ‘Where is he working a the moment? In Mexico. 18 she paid very well Yes hes 45-year-old cllege graduate makes $60,000 year asa paperboy! eines eth dg ss pperbyt ey A get Frei god mone 8003 yet fo our hours work a day. On top of that I often get $50 trek tp Net ba yout ye up 22.00 am. eery ay, selon sed fon ncrappes {hp 230 cmt ue eu 6 tule and 100 newpaper na res ed ‘Chewy Blazer andthe newspapers are packed into the Back, love the peace and quiet in the early morning. ‘Most of the time Ihave the world to mysel. Occasionally, meet a jogger. F usually get back Jhome by 7.00 asm. Then I have the rest ofthe day to be with my family and do what want, have rw teenage children and my wife works at the University of lows, Some day coach my Kid’ baseball team, other days I play golf. also studying for my master's degree atthe ‘moment. want to hea marriage counsellor eventual but Tm not in a hurry. 'm enjoying life too mach, Some people think snot much ‘of job buts hey, when they're siting in an ‘office, 'm playing goll So 1 ask you~ who has the beter lie? 1 Tm paid good money $60,000 a year. And L often get $50 a week in tips. 2 Tget up at 200 aim... The fist newspaper isdelvered at 230 am, 9 Terie a red Chevy Blazer andthe newspapers are packed into the back 4 Tove th peace and quit. 5 Occasionally, meet a jogger. 6 Tusually get back home by 7.00 a.m, 7 My wife works atthe Universi of lowa. 8 Some days I coach my kids’ baseball team, ‘other days I play oll 9 Tmalso studying for my master’ degree at the moment. want tobe a marrage counsllor, 10 Some people think it's not much of a jab, buts hey, when they're sitting in an office 'm playing got. Seepl7 Interview with Lucy Ts nterviewer,L= Lucy 11 Doyoulie yourjobt 1 Ones dor enjoy my job very nic, 2.1 Why do you tke so much? 1 Bectse love working with children and ‘aking then ang 3-1 What do you wear to workt 1 tr bes Af cu and 41 Who are you working wth now? Anyone specal? 1 Welyat the moment Fm working with {ery ek lite gl from Bosna She's had {lomarny operations Sh’ very speci 0 1 Does she speak any English? L. No, she doesn. We communicate through laughter. 1 Isnt tiring? 1. Yes, its 1 very tring indeed cahausted at the end ofeach day, 71. What do you doin the evenings? Do you just go home and relax 1 No, dont. [often go out with frends. 1 Ihave the est rende and the est ob in the world Sport and leisure Mary Tm years od but ve alway been interested in keeping fi, Recently started doing aerobics. so once avveekon~ erm a Thureday ‘morning to the local old peopl’ day centre. I's fealy nice there. They rata special aerobics lass for us. Erm fist ching we doi exercise. for about three quarters of an hour. We go throu all he exercises to music, Ther ae beoween four and eight of us depending on the weather, realy. ‘We jas wear lose iting clothes and comfortable shoes or trainers and, ~erm ~apart from the music, and Julianne, ou lovely instructor, we dont need anything else! Fm quite 00d at it now. [can do mos of the exercises, although there are one oto that area bit energetic for me at my age—erm~T'm one oF fhe oldest~ erm ~ some ofthe others are just babies of about sisty! Afterwards weall go fora cup of tea and apiece of cake in the coffe bat ea realy nice morning. Jenny {did stat sing ut my id 408.Now go once or tice a ear for wo week, sal ‘ay springen Londons 0s ‘toot in Bure ~in Franca or Ansa At iat wae diay artng my ent sn of my time on my boom! ht was ‘ermine to ler {took some css. My husband thought twas mad ~ but my chien said ‘You go for Mur! 91 dd and now my Bonband’ taken up sling too ive my ‘Kis ad ple and boots a ull that take wih ey and ofcourse al the aes clobes =i iportant tobe flsionable onthe stops, you know. havea lovely ski suit et ook ood: Now my instructor sp Tm avery good ‘Ser and ina even ge eon 0 ends ~ and my husband! If youve never been king, Fonsouly i He cn yey your et ‘Thomas 1 absolutely love fotbal. im crazy about it. 1s ‘he best! lave watching it but specially enjoy playing it Tam nine yeas old and pay forthe focal tear at my school’s fotball pitch. I play matches twice 3 week ~ on riday evenings ater School and on Sunday mornings. And we also have football coaching on Tuesday evenings ‘when we just practise al our football kills I's brilliant! Er we all have a special kit a football shirt with a number on the Back ~ er ‘number 7 is my lucky number! And we wear shorts, socks and stuf alin matching colours and of couse ou football bots oh and we flo have to wea shin pade fr protection, you know. We havea team tacksui too ~ but we ‘only wear this before and after matches and for training, Erm ~ my rum always comes to ‘support us~ even when i's raning. Mm ~ my team isn't very good, infact, we nearly always Tose~ but we don't cae! Er- our fotball coach, Martin, says winning doesrit mater ~ its taking pact that counts ~ mmm ~ maybe he's right, but you know what I chink? I think i’ just fantastic when we win! Yeah. See p2t See p2t “When are you going away on holiday? “On the fitteenth” ‘And when do you get back?‘On the twenty-fourth, I'l give yous ting selien we get home! 1 And now the business news The Unemployment rate has sen slightly this ‘month, The national unemployment rate is rove 4.2%, and in our area an estimated 15,000 people ate out of work. ‘3 ‘Thank you for elling the Blackpoo! Concert, Hall, This is Matt speaking, How can Thelp, “Ohyi tm—do you sl hae seat for tonight's concert” es, we do "Great. ike two tickets please, Can 1 reserve them by phone? "Yes thats ine. Fem ~ tickets ae £35 each Could I ave your name please” ‘Yes Sarah Davison! “Thanks! ‘Can T pay by visa” "Yes that ine, Erm — what's your ead sat... 8849? “Letime read that back, 4929... 7983. 0621 849 “Thats ight! 4 ‘Bey, relly lke your shoes! Where d'you buy them ‘At that new shop in town ‘Oh yeah? Nextt the pos office? ‘Seah! “How much were they, ifyou don't mind me asking” £39.99 the sale, Everything’ half price you now, s0 they were redoced from £7959 "what bargain!” 5 “ello” ‘Hi Jim, Howe things? ‘Fine Listen we'eehaving a party this Saturday, and we were wondering if you'd like to come. I's our tem wedding anniversary? “Congetulations. When sit “Teatarts at seven cock” ‘Saturday at seven? Sounds good! Unit 3 ‘The Tale of Gluskap and the Baby CGluskap the warior was very pleased with Dhimself because he had fought and won so many Dates. He boasted toa woman friend: Nobody can beat me Really sid the woman. I knove someone who can beat you. His ame is Wass’ Gluskap hed never heard of Wass He immediatly wanted to set him and ight im. So he was ken to the ‘woman’ village The woman pointed to a baby ‘ho was sting and sucking apiece of sugar on {he floor ofa texpee. “There she sad. "That is Wass, He site but he is very strong? Gluskap laughed and went up to the baby."Tam Gluskap. Fight me! he shouted. Little Wass looked at him fora moment, then he ‘opened his mouth Wasa! Waaaht he screamed. Gluskap had never heard such 3 terrible noise. He danced a war dance and sang some war song. Wass screamed louder, Waaah! ‘Wsah! Waaah? Gluskap covered his eas and an out of the teepee After he had rum 2 few ries, he stopped and listened. The baby was sil TQ Tapescripts 31-3.6 screaming, Gluskap the fearless was tried. He ‘fan on and was never seen again inthe woman's ilags, an laughed stopped Iooked danced i covered listened opened screamed id) ‘wanted shouted boasted pointed 1 What was she doing at 7 ook yesterday She wan packing he ict. 2 What wi she ding too? She wa ting the erp 3 What was she ding at 10 oon? She fing to Gig 4 What was she doing tal pnt leen? She wa avings meting 5 What was she doing tips one in the aemoon! She wes having hunch 6 What wa the doing t 3 dock? She wn isting Dot Com Enterpries 7 Whatwasshe doing at60'dockt She ws writing report on the plane. {What was she doing thal past eg nthe evening! She was puting the baby tobe 9. What ws she doing t 1 oc? She wa lasing a tengo musi an 1A 1 did laugh this joke. B Why? Fd you heard it befoet 2A Woe you surprised by the ending ofthe int 3 No.l read the book, $0 Talready knew Tents the plane {Why Had you ef your passport t home? Ts homesick the he ie wa ing inFrace Thats realy sd! Had you never ved abroad before! ‘The hotel where we stayed on haliday was sft “Thats pity: Had you stayed there Te yids parent for he ist time lt Sn Realy T thought you'd met them before ‘My grandfaer had two Sons om is ist. marta Realy did't Anow be been mated before the airport but I couldnt get on ap ‘An amazing thing happened! N= Nicola, W = Wanda NN i, Wanda, Did you havea good holiday? Wh, yea, we had a great time, But have totel you -the most amazing thing happened. IN Really? What was that ‘W Well, Roy and I were atthe beach near the ‘hotel and we were swimming in the sea ~it ‘was our first day ~ and tis huge wave came along and knocked my sunglasses int the wate 1N Why were you swimming in your sunglasex? Woh, I don't know. just lett them on 0p of, my head [forgotten they were there. Anyway they were gone. [eouldet find them anywhere. Iwas relly upset. You know Roy hha given me those sunglasses for my Dirtday and they were really expensive IN Tremember ~ nearly £100 W Yeah. Anyway, had to have sunglasses, so 1 ought anew pair~justa cheap pair this time. The next day Twas ving om the beach sunbathing. Then, suddenly another huge N You dn lose another par of sunglasses? WNo, no. Youll never believe this there was another huge wave. It completely covered me. wae so wet and IN Ate you sue this was good holiday? ‘W Yeah ~ but listen! When looked down, there fon the sand right nest tome, were my ‘expensive sunglasses. The ones Thad lost the day before! I couldn't believe my ees! NN Youre joking! That is amazing! GEXD Books and films V=Vinnie, W=Will,S = Sue, M= Maeve, \V Hey just read a great book. WA book? Hey Vinnie, were impressed! What ¥ The Philosopher’ Stone IM Isnt that a Harry Potter book? Well, yeah, yeah but... No, no, come on you guys realy it was ternfie. asso amazed, TiC Rowling’ a rally good writer. Lots of adults read her books, theyre not just for kids [W Sure, Vinnie. You belive tha, if you want. No,comecon, he's right. mean ve seen people reading Harry Potter onthe Underground and Ive sen the video — my nephew has it~ i's exelent! 1M Actually, Pe just Bought Captain Corel’ ‘Mandl on DVD. Has anyone read that book $ Oh no, no, please! Not Captain Corll’s ‘Mali. T ould mor ead that book. Everybody sid it was great could nor read |W You have to skip the frst hundred page and after that is gre V Hey guys! Call me old-fashioned but Ike to begin a book atthe beginning. ‘Wit itisa great story, though ~ "specially when it, ynow, moves o him and the gd on the Greek sland. 1M Yeah, its fantastic love story. But so00 sad! ‘Actually I read it on holiday. on a beach on 8Greek sland would you beieve~ and just cried and cred. People kept asking me if was OK V Hy, didnt Nick Cage star in the lm? W Yeah, with Penelope Cru... he is just 0 lovely [M Er wel right so what your favourite book then Sue? $ Oh... well... myalltime best... right, youll never believe this. it~ Dracula! M Dracula? Yo're Kidding! No no,Tim not. {know everybody's hood of Dracula snd soen Drala ims ut Tet not ‘many people have read the book. 1 bya ‘man calle Bram Stoker and its bilan. ‘W Yeah there ae loads of Dracula lms saw one not Long ago actualy, with = er= ‘Tom Cruse. 'V Yeah, yeah love horror movies ~the scarier the better 2M Well, actualy, think Frankenstein's a much beter horror movie. You fel really sorry for that poor monster '§ Wel fs good but not tht good mean that’s only my opinion ofcourse. Y Draculas ove scary with huge teth that he sinks into the necks of beautiful women. Aaangh! 1M Aaazgh! That's disgusting! 5 OK Viney: OK.So what else do you rea scan other than Harty Poter thats? 'V Hey come on, come on! had to read Ernest Hemingway at school and I quite enjoyed it ‘oh what was i called? Oh ye, yeah, yeah, The Sin Abo Ses W Rises ~ The Sun Alo Rises V Whatever. Wo I read it years ago its great read, actualy Isl about Hemingways travels through France and Spain, is i? Oh, .. and his drinking IM Yeah, Hemingway drank sot, didn’t het Wel, wee going on holiday to Florida next month ‘Maybe we can hang out inthe bars where he tused to drink and ‘V What? What? Hemingway lived in Florida? W You're the American! V Well ‘W Yeah, in — in Key West, but wel only vst same ofthe bars he wont to! an 1A Did you ike the lime B twas excellent Have you sen it yt? It stars Julia Kershaw and Antonio Belin ‘What did you think of the ply? twas really boring Tfelaslep during the First act 3A Did you lke your pizzast B They were delicious. John had tomato and ‘mozzarella and Thad tuna and sweetcorn, Do you like Malolm Baker's novest 1 didi ke his first one, bat I couldnt put his latest one down unt the lst page. What do you think oftheir children? Think they spoil them. They akways give ‘hem whatever they want. What was your holiday like? Twas nice break, but the weather wast very good. What did you think of Sally Cotter? => wp eh o> > 'B She’ usually good, but I don't think she seas right fr his part 8 A What wa the match like? B twas really exciting, especially when Davi Stuart scored inthe losing minutes. Unit 4 GERD Teenagers and parents = Imerviewe,§= Sarah, L=Lindsay 1 Tellme, what ce some god things about Tring tenagr and not an aul? 's Ue. well or one thing you donthave to prow 1 Sea, And you dot have to pay bis, 1 OK 1. And yu can go ou with your ends, and owes gseping andy can go the $ Ob, come on Linda. Aduscan do al that toot Ba wha diferent sow much freedom teenagers hae. 1. Dont have, you mean 5 Right How much feedom we dot he. 1 men, Lahrys have to tell ay mum and dad ‘where 'm ping and what time Im coming home 1 Mmm T Anda inedoyou hao et ack Mmm ~by 10 clock ona weekday, maybe Wor at the weekend Ie dca mater because you never have ‘enough money anyway! 5 Definitely ou gt pocket mone fom your parents but its neter enough, And you srt lowed to buy whatever you want. 1 OK OK Lifes ough fo kids bt what do {you thinkit's ike bing an dl Lindsay? 1. Wal adits have to wotry aout png the bil and taking care of ther amy They ‘analy do what they wat wien they 1 They have esposbilies, you mean? 1. Yeah Utd mare sory fern ur than ny dad, She' always using around and she has to goto work a well She dost as to svorkon Thursdays and Pia, bse sil has loads of cient tings to doin 3 day, tke shopping and cooking, and taking me to dance case So do you think your dad hasan easier het Wal, dont know, He ast ie over 500 rls wee 1 Seah te me about school What aresome of theres at our school?” S$ Ot There ae so many! Lessee, We cat wat makeup. We are allowed to chew un We at alowed fo bring oie Bones to case 1 Ther are millions of rles~all of them sup ' Andifyou break one of the ules, you have to Say atr school 1 Wal speaking of scook I've goto go ve got to do my homework 1 Yu dont hart goo wrk 2 You don't have to pay bil 5 You can go outwith yous friends. ways have to ell my mum and dad where im going 5 What time do you have to gt back home? 6 You aren’ allowed to buy whatever you 7 Adults have to worry about paying the bills, 8 They cat always do what they want. 9 We aren't allowed to bring mobile phones to clas 10 Tve got to go. ve got to do my homework. 1 Wheres my briefcase? I've got to go to work! 2 Look at those dirty plates! We've got to do the vwoshing-up. '5 Pamela ‘and Charles don't have any’ food in {hele house. They've got to go shopping. 4 John needs to get an alarm clock. He's got to getup ea tomar 5 Thavent got any clean socks, Tve got to do the washing, 6 Theche’s cooking EEBD See p32 ‘See p33 G=Grandma, A = Antony G You must ook ater your money. A Yes, Grandnal Iwill 4G You mustn't ako stranger, ‘A No, Grandmal I won't G You must't go out when is dark, [A No, Grandia I wont. G You must drink too much beer A/No, Grandma Twon'. G You must make sure yo ext vel A Yes, Grandia! I wll G You must havea bath regulary AA Yes, Grandma! wil G You must phone us if your in trouble {A Yes, Grandma! wl G You mustn't go anywhere that's dangerous, ‘A No, Grandmal l won't, Asie D=Dave,M~ Manager D Sou wht time do Thao sare Mite he morning 400 in he tran, D And dol ove to me union Dette ou hve wet he same wir memryoneche~ shorted wie Buck tomy ander Anda g Secs what dol does? rin ene ects Remeber —you istavasbe pote ou sy Good Imorung ge wimeve tine fay. and then Gn pout When they jo ha they wen une tency athe comptes an when they ihe, Should rsd back wha they ordered. Then Joutak ce some and ouput per Norteoa Tare Gren When can art M You sar £0 tomorow moon, DB cook Hes our And your name tg Yue all sec Wome o Burp Heme, Dive ‘The Italians eat alot of pasta ‘The Chinese cook lots of noodles and rice, 50 the water’ got todo the Tapescripts 37-48 123‘The British invented football ‘The Canadians offen watch ice hockey on TV. “The French produce champagne, ‘The Japanese eat raw fish. ‘The Scots wear kilts on special occasions. ‘Come round to my place! ‘Sumi [Mynameis Sumi. I came from Nagano, japan, ln my country, we usualy invite guests home at the weekend for dinner at about 7 lack in the ‘evening. Before they came, we must id the font garden and clean the entrance hall Then ‘ve must spray ial with water to show that we ‘welcome our guests with cleanliness. The gusts tsualy bring a gift and when they give you the silt they say Tm sorry this is such a smal gif? ‘but in fact they have chosen it very carefully ‘When the meals ready the hostess ay, have nothing special for you today, but you are ‘welcome to come this ay. You can se tht in Japan you should try vo be modest and you should not show off to mach, Ifyou dont tunderstand ovr culture, you may think this is ‘ery strange. When we have foreign guests, we {ny to serve traditional Japanese meas ke ssh, tempura, o sukivaki, but when we have Japanese juess, we seve al nds of food such as Spaghetti, Chinese food, or steaks. ‘When gusts leave, the host and hostess se them ‘ut of the house and wait until their ear turns the comer ofthe see; they wait unt they cant see them any more. Kate [My name is Kate and Ty fom Bristol in England. We like to have people over for lunch sand they usualy get hee around noon. We often bhve people overo ext, but sometimes when we invite alot of people ove, fora family gathering for example, we have what’ called a ‘potluck Tanck, A potluck i an inform occasion, so people ‘res casually, Ifthe weather nice well have i ‘ouside in the garden, What makes i fun is that ‘everyone who comes has to bring a dish of fod. ‘They given a choice: starter, main couse, salad ‘or vgetable, or desert As the host, know hhow many of each kind of dish the guests will bring but not exaty what the foods wil be That's why its called potluck ~ its a surprise, having a dinner party and not knowing what you're going to feed the guess! AIL have to dois Inake one dish myself and get cups, lases and Janives and forks together and supply the drinks. AS the guests arrive, they put their dish onthe table, and people elp themselves, Some guests _might bring a bottle of wine orlowers a gift That I don't expect anything, Is afar, red way of geting together with frends or family. Leas ‘My name is Lucas and I'm from Port Alegre ‘whichis inthe southern part of Brazil We ike to invite ove fiends over at weekends on a Friday fra Saturday night for a‘Churraso or Brazihan barbecue. These are very popular inthis art of Brat. People come about 8.00 in the evening and stay ‘to midaight or ever later ~ sometimes unt 2.00 in the morning, whenever people start getting Sleepy People stay along time; there is no set time for dinner to end. Wel sit around and play cards or just all ts very informal If people TH Topescipts 49-54 : want to bring something ltl them to bring Something forthe mea ikea bottle of wine oF Something for dessert. ‘hut what about the food? At a Charro, we cook different kinds of meat on long metal Severs ovr an open flame, We haveall Kinds of seat beet, pork, and maybe Brazilian sausage. ‘Sometimes dian Wo, Ten we ca oi Ses oh meat from the skewers to seve the guest. really delicious. We usualy have potato salad or ‘ce a side dishes. Aer the meal we drink coffee orespressa 1A Gould you bring us the bil, please? 1B Yes, sic bring it right avay 2. A Would you give me your work number, please? OF course. Oh, shall 1 give you my mobile umber, 00? Can Thelp yout Just looking thanks. “wo large coffees, please, White or black? (Gan you tell me the code for Paris, please? ‘One moment. FIL i up. Tikgive you ali f you ike. ‘That would be great! Could you drop me off atthe lary? ‘Would you mind opening the window? [No problem: Its stuffy in here. (Gould Thave extension 238, please? “That line's engaged. Would you like to hold? ere> wpeeee 1 ‘Soyanyvay, there was, sitting in my boss's oie All of sudden, the phone rings and ry boss sys ‘Sorry to interrupt, daring ut I think the ‘Baby's crying. Could you go and check?” 2 ‘Can help your "Yes. I bought these shoes here two days ag, and the heel on this one is already broken. (Can I change them for anew pair” “Of course Let me see if we have another pair in your sie” 3 ‘Will yu turn down that awl muse?” “What? “Will you rum dove that afl music? Or bere til — turn tof” ‘Oh, all ight 4-H era you ping? “Thave a mestng with the web designer and the programmer about our new website this afternoon. “Could you do mea favour? Would you mind asking the programmer to call me? have a {question for him about the budget? "Sure. No problem Unit 5 Ben's ist B= Ben,A = Alice B 1m going shopping, Do we ned amiing? 1 [dott thinks.» Ob hang on. We aves so ry sug 2 Its OK es on my ist Fm going to buy some. 1A What about bread B Good ie 1 get Fat, ‘A Er, what time will ou be back? B 1 don't know. {might stop at Nick's. It kind hat soon stopp eng homes Shaateeeuc ale mremeat Sim TU tke ta cal you. Whats good tie to a Su know that on my way ome topped o Sit my ann Por Tse see Specie ae owe lana aay ngs beste toe parents and my brie sang. utah ved eto go bck and ove do hn in ng of olga yea fnpraytmookng lower bering om aber ace eas TiS My boberand Leal you toa “etcang (evo rom) fea ic ok! Torte yous, ear Do pout the pcre of Sang cha mnie 1 They pening th wae 2 Theteacher then td he homework 3 Toe jt ised anergy ema LB ase parer 3 Mel seceded i psa ding 6 Masked him to move isa, 4 Test need ogo othe lo ibe backina 8 [dot mind looking afer our ct 3 fast me nuh etn rng 10 Plate can youn me cary peat 11 Tht sopping for does 12 Shes ei ooking oar o working meseeps0 1A. Nic’ rally quiet and shy: He mever says a sword. Yen his brother is much more outgoing 2A Whats Canceboyrend ike B Wels esta dark and handsome, ut hes ottry pa i eeu be een rer thin Can 5 How vas ourluneh? B Ugh was afl The iz was Aibgusting We were rely starving, bt we Su could et 4A Minn! Thee tomatoe ae rely dln, Didyou pow tem yourchest B Yew i Alou veqetabls ee home- 5A Lidge god mein London? B Weld great me, Theres 0 much to do. iva ly excing iy. And there are Somany peopl tom al ove the word ‘Rinks ney x enmopaitn New York EBB New York I= Interviewer, J = Justin, C= Cinda 1 How long have you been ere in New York? J Neary theee yeas. 1 And ate you enjoying it J, Welove t © les great, 1. So what do you like best? G Oh the atmosphere, the mixture of all kinds ‘of people. The sped of everything —its exciting 1 Tove the architecture, its so diferent from London, Walking the steets and looking up atall those skyscrapers 1 And what about the people? {© Well, New Yorkers have a reputation for being rude and unfriendly but I dont think thats true. People are always in. a huey, but they're hot unfriendly J What lowe isthe ~the great misture of nationalities and cultures I's got be the ‘ost cosmopolitan city in the wold. 1 More than London? J Hmm welh I think so, bu theyse both very mixed, Life here seems moch faster than in London, Everyone's in such a rush. Bverything’s done for speed. For example, I dont think people cook at home much everyone seme to eat out o get food delivered because its {quickor and easier. 1 Have you made many fends here? J Tvemade fiends at work mostly But ists Ailficlt to make fiends ouside of work — people are so busy. But most Ind people prety indy © Except the lati drivers! Some of the radest people Ive ever met are New York tax (river! J And some ofthe worst drivers. Every time 1 sitim a tan [say a prayer, They drive so fist nd suddenly they change anes And worst of fll they dont seem to know where anything © Yeah~ you spend the enize journey giving directions. Anyway ik using the subsey. Ws cheap. J) Yeah, and easy to use and i seems safe to me ‘We walk a Tor as well I's alo safer now than 126 Tapescripts 65-72 it was ten years ago. Wil ot very clean but its geting Better 1 Devubentcat J No.No, we don't, Not many of ou ends do Actual. You dnt realy need one 6 Tidhate to driven the iy be esi ‘Anya you can got eveything delved 0 Jour door ~ nat st food 1 Dont you go suppiagt 1 Ohyeshof coune we da Notal of ws an {Mord wo shop on Sth Avenue You knows but ite its fun tolook © Actual the sope~sory he stores are fest always open— wel eat lyst Staor 100 at aghe 1. People work moc ter here Twat expecting t work uch long hors! And the edits” sorry vocation tine and te the public holidays theyre theyre much shorce Tony get ten days yeas ciel for people likes wi ames in ober countries dite to fd tine evs tem 1 Tix peel yous happy 1 Fanatic 6 lean amaring place bat ina ew years think Tbe eskeasted and rsd re queer lies London T= Interviewer, = Alan 1 Alan, how long have you lived in London? AA Fifteen year. T And do you ike it here ‘A Sure like it~ but London is one of those ites that you love and hate a the same time, 1. So fist what do you bate? ‘A Oh the usual big city things the crowds, the lt the trafic, and ofcourse the Underground ~ i so expensive compared ‘wth the subway in New York And what do you lke? ‘A Oh, lt: fantastic theatres I'm am actor so that’s important for me great art galleries, museums, ove the Natural History ‘Musou. Concerts, wonderful orchestras. The ‘est of everything comes to London 1 And what's best for you? ‘A For me” Oh, I jus love standing on Waterloo Bridge and looking down the river atthe Houses of Parliament and now of course ‘there's the London Bye [think it’ jost ‘wonderful. And 1 ike traveling in the black ‘abs. Tai devers here are great, 50 friendly! ‘They tell you thei life stories AND they ‘know every steest in London - not kein New Yor 1 And what about the people? What do you think of Londoners ‘A. Ah well generally speaking thnk that they do ive up to their reputation ~ they are reserved, It takes hile o gett know people. They won't tell you about themselves ‘You sy to an American How are you" and you get‘Oh man, T'm just great. got the promotion and {love working herein Dallas, Denver, Detoit or Delaware etc y know. Ask an Englishman ‘How are you" and you get'Er “ne, thankyou! So the stereotypes true? [A Yeah, theyre theyre pretty reserved. They don't ike giving personal details but they «complain alot about life generally. They seem ‘much less positive about ife—-much more rer you! ‘Why? What's wrong with my clothes thotight [looked relly cool A t’sso mantic, sit B What it A Wal they're cally in love, arent they? B Who? ‘A Paul and Mary. B Paul and Mary arent in love, are they? ‘A Oh yes, they are Theyre mad about each other 7: 1A You broke that vase, didn't you? BB Yes, Idi. I dropped it. I'm sorry. ‘A You'l replace it wo't you? B Yes, of course Iwill How much didi cost? A 300, 1B 3002 Te wast shar much, was it Yes it was. Hive you paid the electricity bill yet? 'No, ou paid it, didnt your? No, haven't paid it.I thought you pid it Me? But you alvays pay it, dont you? ‘No, don'. always pay the phone bil Ohi yes. Sooty. ‘We love eachother dont we? Erm, think so We dont ever want tobe apart, do we? Well And wel get married and have lots of children, won't we! ‘What? You havent ought me a rng, have yout Yes, have, Diamonds are forever. Oh, dear! Helen didnt win the lotery, did shet Yes, she di, She won £2 milion! She ist going to giv it all away, is shet Asa matter of fact she is ‘Wows Not many people would do that, vould they? Well, Feetanly wouldn't Think we're lost Lat’ look at dhe map. Ubob. ‘What do you mean,"Ub-ob’ You did't forget to bring the map, dd you? Sorry. low are we going to get back to the campsite without a map? ‘Well we could ak a police ofcer, couldnt ‘There arent many police officers on this ‘mountain! ‘The forgetil generation Presenter P Hi and welcome wo What your prion? ‘How's your day been so far? Have you done all the things you planned? Rep al your appointments? Of — and did you remember toed your mother a binhday car Iso, fi for yout I ot — wal yore not alone. Many of usin the busy sweaty century are fndng tore and more dificltt femembet everthing Once upon atime we jst Blamed geting ade for our absnt- Inindedness bt now expert ae taming our moder ies. They that we hae ‘become the forget generation and that day alter day we ovetiond our memories. len Las year ied unverity and go job in Selo tors Caney Kado doy sore rac ier thangs work San ta ae teanad ere a cre feran it Seek etre ar sing here fhe lecre oom, and ought tose Why {hott knowrambody? The soar ferembered Tied ive nd that Too fou afore Josh Tn drag nee Led src beat the end of ett paced your eu end peat Rag Coarse penne ‘intone we tng ding onthe tan, seine ray eu ta te bop a So by eke ok sean a Tank sours We bin Newest nsbst sm oar Sidday! tough Newent dont want o Tapescripts 109-119 31 pepe pe>ere> o >e>erurere>> > oe be0 10 Newastle My pent Ine in Py mouth Sea eewhen vas ec ved wih ny Parents in Nevene bt we moved to Pymosth hen ws ten Tend lee How con ve bean pi Fiona Sore times ot died goto Sr puto ny snr ck a be Tonknge hee ne nigh tele pepeing raveykapornt ming be ocr oye tented opt al te og paste my reat et Home and wad dow othe ‘sso. Jast etre got onthe bu ok tyes el ering ny ty pk bedroom slippers! ese GHD = Presenter,A~ Alan P Sores of frees ie tee ae aie tonany o wand expert ay that such aes ‘Ele Joy and Hons show the ls of terry ot ja raed fog canbe Caused your ay of i Alin Bachan Frnt of Pepin and expla wy A Gneofthe problems thes day that may companies ver fee enployes The ‘ett one person ofien dots FB ot tnt bere were done any people are now done by a few. If you have five Wing oat once, youbesme reed and forge tank ay people work STtnony ta meting emeing have the experince where they Sart setenee and teeny hough they an remeber what theyre tallng about they cn Bish he sents That's happened to me. 2 Ia ere feding~you think youre going mane: remember on patent ho cae meso dtd bec tee ipors tcings none week he ound beta ring at tenets cy La terra Tm ing abut This was 8 patent neo wc led tot Erling She esha some an yo tagcat ofan shed recy ved Se so many hing oink Sout tht ee brn oud cope st or P ean se the problem, but hatte olution? How ai you phat pet ‘Wal pu of he oii recognizing the Fron Once we aed oh po tout he stele he resid hat ‘he waa’ pong ea end she lt nore ‘lnc and rt eo ep her at do {ou know ono the hea way reer Sings een nthe ds of pol sad handheld oman atta 1 Rea ntl, jst pic of paps A the bepining of every dy we youl s tof Cig you hr snd ges yous realrgod fling when ou css ings ff trl eeyou do ent Welther you have Thank ou very much Profesor,” uh-nvum 1f0%--Prosor im Buca aq 1A What do you say we break for neh? 1B Great idea. We can grab sandvich atthe deh. 2 A Whitare you upto? B Nothing much. us sting around 32 Tapescripts 1140-127 watching TV. You're sich a eoueh Fey, give mea break! work hard all week like ta relax at weekends Quiek! Give me your homework 0 Tan copy it ‘No way! Do your own homework! Did you mend the TV? Kind of Channel 4's OK, but we sil cant set Sky ‘Anything good on tonight? Duo, Look inthe paper. ‘What do you call hat stuff you use to clean between your teeth? B What do you mean? ‘A You know Its like string White. 'B Oh! You mean dental fos. A Yeah, That’ it Unit 12 “The marriage proposal J=John, M = M 1. Moira! Hello there! How are yout M Ton! I'm just fing, thanks Te realy great to see you again, We haven't seen each other since our tip to Pars, 'M Ob, John! loved every minute in Pars 1 never forget it as long as Hive, Can we go hack there next spring? J Moira,-r fist, there's something Lwant to ask you, something have o ask you. Moira, love you so much, Will ou marry me and ‘ome to Paris with me on honeymoon? ‘M Oh, John Yes, wil. love you, too. The wedding ‘A= Adam, B= Beatrice 1A How do you know Job and Moist {went to the same school as Moira ‘te you marred? ‘es. tam, Thats my husband over there. ‘Where di you meet your husband? ‘Actually, inet him aa wedding Hive you rele fa to get ere? Yer weave We ew rom Dublin yess ‘4 Boyou liven Dublin? B Ye we do, 1 Soyer are you staying? 8 Weve saying at the Four Sasons Hote 7A Soamls Can we meet there ater fora rink B Sure Il inroduce you tomy husband GHB b= betsice, R= Rom BU just me ths ely nice guy called Adam. R Oh, yah? B He was very fen Do you know what be ‘sid? Firs healed op hw knee John nd Moira tld him that had gone othe same school a Moira Then be aed if] was Aharid. Of course ad that as! R Heashed you that B cand net he asked where wed met and ® 5 2 3 {oid him that we'd actualy met ata wedding You told him that? Sure, Then he wanted to know how Tong we hha been here and said we had just got here yesterday and that we ha flown in fom Dublin, He asked if we lived in Dublin, 0 1 told him that we di What ele did this guy want to know? B Well he asked witere we were staying and it ‘urns out that he's staying atthe Four Seasons too, Then he asked if T could mest him later fora drink, and I sad we could and that [would introduce him to you Tm not sure I ant to meet this gy. GHEBD = Ron, B = Beatrice 1 R Adam les in Birmingham, He told me he lived in Cambridge. He doesn't ike his nee ob. He told me he loved it He’ moving to Manchester Hang on! He told me he was moving to Australia He went to Brighton on his lat holiday. Strange, He told me he'd been to Florida Hel be forty next week. Realy? He told me he'd be thirty! He been married thre times. But he tld me he'd never heen ma You se! told you he was aia! 1 The postman told me to sign on the dotted lin. 22 Maria asked Mark to translate a sentence for hee “Mary reminded her son to send Aunt Judy a birthday car. 4 John begged Moira to marry him. 5 John insted his bos to his wedding 6 “Tommy refused to goto bed 7 8 2 Ben advised Tim to tlk to his solicitor, ‘The teacher ordered Jounna to take the chevring gum out of her mouth Kathleen Brady (OK. We argue sometimes but not that often Usually we just sit quietly and wateh TV in the ‘evenings But sometimes. sometimes we argue bout money. We dant have much, so get very ‘upset when Kenny spends the litle we have om| Workbook More information on have/have got Rp 11 Tenses and auxiliary verbs ‘When do, be, and have ae used as ausiliary verb, they make diferent verb forms. do In the Present Simple and the Past Simple there no auxiliary ver, 50 do, does, and did ate used to make questions and negatives (except with bbe have got. Where do you work? ‘Ske does’ ik he ob Whar did you buy? We didn't buy anything. ‘4 Grammar Reference 11-12 be 1 Be+ verb + ~ingis used to make continuous verb forms Continuous ver forms describe activities in progress and temporary activities. He's washing his har. (Present Continuous) ‘They were going ro work. (Past Continuous) Pye been learning English for two years. (Present Perfect Continuous) 1 ike tobe lying on the beach right now. (Continuous infinitive) 2. Be+ past participle is used to form the passive, Paper is made from wood. (Present Simple passive) ‘My car was stolen yesterday. (Past Simple passive) The house has been redecorated. (Present Perfect passive) ‘This homework needs to be done tonight (Passive infinitive) ‘There isan introduction to the pasive on p137. have Have + past participle is sed to make perfect verb forms, “He has worked in seven diferent countries, (Present Perfect) ‘She was erying because she had had sore bad news (Past Perfect) Ta lke to have met Napoleon, (Perfect infinitive) Perfect means ‘before so Present Perfect means ‘before now? (See Units 7 and 10.) Past Perfect means ‘before a time inthe past: (See Unit 3.) Bp 12 Negatives and auniliary verbs ‘To make a negative, ad to the ausiiary verb I theres no aulary verb, ute dondoes'/din'. Positive Negative “Hes working. Heian’ working. Iwas thinking, Twas’ thinking. ‘We've seen the play. We haven’ seen the play She works in abank, She doesn't work in a bank, They lik skiing. They dont ke skiing He went on holiday. He didn’t goon holiday. Itis possible to contract the auxiliaries beand haveand use the ‘uncontracted not He's not paying today, (= He i'r playing today.) We're not going to Italy afer all. (= We arent going to Italy.) ve not read that book yet. (= 1 haven't ead the book yet.) But Tm not working. NOT Femsi-workingWp 13. Questions and auxiliary verbs 1 To make a question, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb. If there is no auxiliary verb, use do/does/ai Question ‘Shes wearing jeans, What is she wearing? You aren't working. Why aren't you working? You were born in Paris. Where were you born? Pater’ boen t0 China. Has Peter been to China? We have been studying. ‘Have you been studying? Throw you. DoT know you? He wants fe-rears, What does he want? ‘They didnt go out Why did they go out? 2 There is usually no do/does/id in subject questions. Compare: Who wants ice-cream? What flavour ie- 14 Short answers and auxiliary verbs, Short answers are very common in spoken English. Ifyou just sey Yes (of No, it ean sound rude. We use short answers ater Yes! No questions. ‘Tomake a short answer, repeat the auxiliary verb. Inthe Present and ese Simple, use do/doesdid. Short answer Are you coming with us? Yes, am “Have you had breakfast? No, Fhaven'. Kate likes walking ‘Mary didn't phone Doo forget to writ. No, she doesn’. She hates it. Ys, she did You were out. No, won't. UNIT 2 Bp 21 Present simple Form Positive and negative Question T T We | work wo \* you | dont work you They Where they | ter He he works, See | Goes work, foes | she Short answer Do you live in Bristol? is, we do Desshe havea car? No he doesn’. Use ‘The Present Simple used to express 1 an action that happens agin and again (a babi). 10 2 work by er She drinks ten cups of afer a day. 1 wash my hair ice @ week 2 fact that ie ahsays true. Ronaldo comes rom Brazil Some binds fly south in ier My daughter has brow eyes. 3. afact thats true for along time (a tate “He works ina bak live na flat ear the centre of town I prefer cafe to Spelling of verb +-5 1 Most verbs add sto the base form ofthe ver. wants eats elps drives 2 Add -sto verbs that end in hy ch -m and -0, watches fses goes 13 Verbs that end ina consonant + -y change the ~~ carries flies worries tris Bur verbs that end ina vowel + -y only add -s buys says plays enioys D> Workbook pl4 Pronunciation of at the end of a word, isses washes Adverbs of frequency 1 We often use adverbs of frequency withthe Present Simple 0% = 20) Air never rarely notoften sometimes often usally always 2 They go before the main verb, but after the verb be. Compare: usualy start school at 900. They're usually in a hurry in the ‘morning Tm not often tate for shoo. He's mever late. We're rarely at home at the weekends. don’t often goto bed late. ‘She never ents meat. rarely see Pear these days Grammar Reference 13-21 1353 Sometimes and usually can also go atthe beginning or the end, Sometimes we play cards, We ply cons sometimes, Usually Igo shopping with friends, 1 go shopping with friends siswaly ‘Never alvays arly and seldom cannot move in this way. NOT Never go-tothemovies Always Fhave-ten in-the morning, 4 Bvery day, ete, goes at the end. Hephones me every night. Wp 22 Present Continuous Form Positive and negative 1 HeiShertt eating WelYou!They Question am |i what | is | he/shert | doing? are_| welyou/they Short answer Yes,Tam, ‘reyou going by train? | X72 Use ‘The Present Continuous is used to express 1 an activity that i happening now. Don't tur the TV off Pm watching it You ea’ speak to Lisa, She's having a bath 2- an activity or situation that is true now, but is not necessarily happening a the moment of speaking. Don't rake that book. jane’ reading it. me doing a French evening class his year 3a temporary activity Peter sa student, but he’s working as a waiter during the holidays Pm living with fiends uni I find a place of my own. 4 a planned future arrangement, Tm having lunch with Glen tomorrow. We're meeting at 1.00 outside the restaurant, Spelling of verb + ing 1 Most verbs ada ing to the base form ofthe verb. going wearing visiting cating 2 Verbs that end in one -elose the -. smoking coming oping writing ‘Verbs that end in -ce don't drop an = agreeing seeing Olic ying 3. Verbs of one silable, with one vowel and one consonant, double the consonant. stopping setting running planning jogging fhe final consonant is -y or -w its not doubled, playing showing [> 23 state verbs 1 ‘There are certain groups of verbs that are usually only used in the Present Simple, This is because their meanings are related to states ‘or conditions that are facts and not activities. This i a feature of the use ofthe Preset Simple. The groups of verbs are: ‘Verbs of thinking and opinions Delve think understand suppose expect agree doubt know. remember forget mean imagine realize deserve prefer believe you, Do you understand? Tow his face, but | forget his name. Verbs of emotions and feelings like love hate care hope wish want admi ike black coffe. Do you want 0 0 out? Tdow' care Verbs of having and being belong own have possess contain cost seem appear need depend on weigh come from resemble This book belongs to Jane. How much does it cost? He has alt of money. Verbs ofthe senses Took hear taste smell feel The food smells good. We often use can when the subject isa person. ‘Gan you smell something burning? Tean hear someone crying. 2 Some of these verbs can be used in the Present Continuous, but ‘change of meaning Inthe continuous, the verb expresses an activity, nota state. Compare: think you're right. We're thinking of going to he cinema, (opinion) (mental activity) He has alo of money. She's having a bad dey. (possesion) (activity) {see what you mean. Are you seeing Nigel somorrow? (understand) (cctvity) The soup tastes aweful.’ tasting the soup tse ifit ees sal, (state) (activity)Introduction to the passive “The pasive dele with in Units 2,3, and 7. Form tobe+ past participle “The tense ofthe verb ob changes to ve dient tenses i the pave, Compe: ‘A party i being held by the Patel nest week (Present Continuous passive) [My neighbour is invited 10 her party every yar (Preset Simple passive) “He was invited ls yer, wasn. Present Perfect passive) 1a love tbe invited ro heir ary, (Passive infin) Use 1 Passive sentences move the focus from the subject to the object of active sentences Alfred Hitchcock directed Psycho ir 1960. Paycho, one ofthe clase thrillers of all ie, was direted by Alfred Hitchcock. “The pasive isnot just another way of expressing the same sentence in the ative. ‘We choose the active or the passive depending on what we are more interested. inn the fist sentence, we are more interested in Aled Hitchcock in the second sentence, Psycho has moved tothe beginning ofthe semence Because we ate more interested in the fm. 2 Byand the agent ae often omitted in passive sentences if the agent = isnot known, My apartment was robbed lastnight. ~ snot important. ‘This bridge was built in 1886, ~ isobvious. was fined £100 for speeding. 3. The passive is associated with notices and announcements. Customers are requested to refrain from smoking. {thas been noticed that reference books have been removed from the library 4 In informal language, we often use you we, and they o refer to people in general for to no person in particular. this way, we can avoid using the passive. You can buy stamps tls of shops ot jst the post fes They're building «new department store in the iy contre ‘We speak English in this sop Be carefull Many past participles are used a adjectives. very interested in madera We were extremly worried about you. Pm exhausted! I've been working hard al day [p> 24 Present Simple and Present Continuous passive Form Present Simple Passive spersonal, formal styl. I is often used in camsare + past participle Present Continuous Passive _amlisfae being + past participle fe [Bey is bel 8) mended. They | are being Use ‘The uses ate the same in the passive asin the active. My aris serviced every sic months. (habit) Computers are used inal areas of hie and work. (fact that i always true) Sorry about the ness, The house is being redecorated atthe moment (activity happening now) UNIT 3 Introduction to past tenses We use different past tenses to focus on different ‘moments and periods of time inthe past. Look at the disgram, Read the sentences, Wher Andrea arrived ar work at 9.00 am. 330 (Bl) 9301000 Her secretary opened the post Her secretary was opening the post. Hier secretary had opened the post, Bp 31 Past Simple Form ‘The form ofthe Past Simple isthe same forall persons. ts T Fossett | finished} yesterday. We let | br odlock You trvived | thee weeks age: They Negative 1 She | iam | inh | ysterdey dnt | jeave | Ta odock (ee) Question Re | iis te eport When [ld | they | getmarnied? (ete) Short answer . > | tenwedi Did you enjoy the mete | Yooe did The Past Simple is used to expres: 1a finished action in the past. We met in 2000 went to Blanchester last ek, Tob ef two minutes age. 2 scons that fll each ater in story ‘Mary walked ino the room and stopped. She listened crs, She heard nose coming fom Ilan the crein She threw the eurtn ope, and then she sw3 apast situation o habit. When J was acid, we lived in a small house by the sea, Every day T walked for nies on the beach with my dog. ‘This use is often expressed with used to. ‘We used to live in a small house. J sed to walk for miles Spelling of verb + -ed 1 Most verbs ada to the ase form of the verb. worked wanted helped — washed 2 When the verb ends in -, add ~ liked sed hated cared 3. Ifthe verb has only one silable, with one vowel + one consonant, ‘double the consonant before adding -ed. stopped planned robbed But we write caokad, seated and moaned because there ae two vowels. 4. The consonant is nat doubled ifit is -y or -. Played showed 5 In most two-syllable verbs, the end consonant is doubled ifthe stress ison the second sylabe. preferred —ad'mitted ‘But we write ‘tered and ‘visited because the stress ison the frst syllable 6 Verbs that end in a consonant + -y change the -y to -ied. carried hurvied buried But we write enjoyed, because it ends in a vowel + -y There are many common irregular verbs. D> Irregular verbs pIS7 ast Simple and time expressions Look at the time expressions that are common with the Past Simple. lastnight. two days ago, yesterday morning. jn 2001, ‘when Tas young, I met her > 3.2 Past Continuous Form Positive and negative Question r 7 He | was she She | wasn't wis | he Hu working. | | What it | doing? We | were we You | Mere were | you They _| “eer they Short answer Ys, I was/No I wasnt, es, they were No, they were’ Were you looking for met Ware they wting outside? Use ‘We often use the Past Continuous in sentences withthe Past Simple, ‘The Past Continuous refers to longer, background activities, while the Past Simple refers to shorter, completed actions. 138 Grammar Reference 32-33 ‘The children were playing in the garden son when thei grandparents ‘arrived. “The Past Continuous is used: 1 to expres activities in progress before, and probably after, particular time in the past. ‘AI? o'lock this morning I was having my breast. Talked past your house lastnight. There was an awf lo of nose, What were you doing? 2 for descriptions, Jan looked beautiful. She was wearing a green corton dress. Her eyes ‘were shining in the light ofthe candles that were burning nearby. 3. to-expressan interrupted past activity. When the phone rang, Iwas having @ shower While me were playing tennis it started to rain 4 express an incomplete activity inthe past in order to contrast ‘withthe Past Simple that expresses a completed activity. Twas reading a book during the flight. (1 did't finish it.) watched a fil: during the fight (the whole film) Note ‘The Past Simple is usually used to express a repeated past habit o situation, But the Past Continuous can be used ifthe epeated habit ‘becomes a longer setting for something. Compare: went out with Jack for ten years [first met Harcy while I was going out with Jack DP Workbook p20 More information on witle, during. and for {p> 33 Past Simple or Past Continuous? 1 Sometimes we can se the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. The Past Simple focuses on past actions as simple facts. The Past Continuous focuses on the duration of past situations and activites, Compare: A Lid see you at the party lst night B No. I stayed at home and watched football. A Tin’ see you atthe party lastnight B No, Iwas watching ootal at home. Questions in the Past Simple and Past Continuous refer to different time periods: the Past Continuous asks about activities before the Past Simple asks about what happened afer. When the war broke out, Peter was studying medicine at medical school. He decided that it was safer to go hone to his parents and postpore his studies What was Petr doing when the war broke out? He was studying. Whar did Peer do when the war broke oul? He went home 10 Fis parents,Bp 34 Past Perfect Perfect means ‘before! so Past Perfect refers to an action inthe past ‘that was completed before another action in the past. Form ‘The form of the Past Perfect isthe same forall persons Positive and negative i You | ena) | seni bee We [hadi | Ratted wets ook toes Question the vibaetad | | veins oa Shortanwe Tdiearesiet? | SREB Use 1 The Past Perfect is used to make clear thet one action in the past happened before another action inthe past. When I got home, {found that someone had braken into my ‘apartment and had stolen my DVD player, oI called the potice Past x ——»x x Now My DvD ple vassclenVarinedhome Veale te ple Aeon I Someone broke ito my apartment and sole my DvD psyer ‘Action 2:1 got home and calle the police. 1 did want ogo tthe haar with my friends becuse PA seen the play befor. mst ey >_> now 1 Isa the play My lends a the pay Action 1:1 saw the play. ‘Action 2: My friends went to the theatre to se the play. 2 Notice the difference between the following sentences: When Igor the party, Peter went home ( First arrived, then Peter left) When I got to he party, Peter had gone home. First Peter lft, then I arrived.) B35 Past tenses in the passive Form Past Simple Passive Past Continuous Passive Past Perfect Passive ‘was/were+ past participle ‘was/were Being + past participle had been + past participle Use ‘The uses are the same in the passive as in the active. ‘The bridge was built in 1876. (finished action inthe past) The bom was being defused wen it exploded, (erupted past activity) The ler din’ arive because ic had been sent my old addres. (one action before another action inthe past) UNIT 4 Introduction to modal verbs ‘The modal verbs are can, could, may, might rst, wil, woul, should, ought o. They ae knoven as modal auaiary verbs because they el another verb (Se also Unis 1, 5,8, and.) eam svi. Do you think I should go? Form 11 There is no -sin the third person singular Shecam ski, He must be tired. It might ain, 2 There is no do/doesidonW/doewn'ia the question or negative Whar should Io? Cam Ielp you? You must’ steal! He cant dance. Twon't bea minute. 3. Modal ausiliary verbs are followed by the infinitive without 0. The ‘exception i ought You must go, PW help you. You ough to see a doctor. 4 They have no infinitives and no ~ing forms, Other expressions are used instead, Til love ro be abe to ski. hate having to getup on cold, winter mornings. 5 They don't usually have past forms, Instead, we can use them with perfect infinitives: You should have told me that you cant swim. You might have drowned! ‘or we use other expressions Thad to work hardin school Note (Could is used with a past meaning to tak sbout a general ability. Teould swim when Twas six. (= general ability) ‘Totalk about ability on one specific occasion, we se was abl 0! marge to. ‘The prisoner was abe t/managed to excape by climbing on tothe roof of he prison, NOT could-escape Use 1 Modal verbs express our attitudes, opinions, and judgements of events, Compare: “Who's that knocking on the door?” “its fhm’ (This isa fact.) ‘Who's that knocking on the door?” ‘Treould/may/might/mustshould can'/'M be John’ (These all ‘expres our attitude or opinion.) 2 Each modal verb has at least two meanings, One use of ll of them i to express possibilty or probability. (See Unit 9 pI47.) must post this etter! (= obligation) You must be tire! (= deduction, probability) Could you help me? = request) We could goto Spain for our holiday. (= possibility) You may go home now. (= permission) Wheres Anna?” ‘I'm no sure, She may beat work’ possibilty) Grammar Reference 34-Unit 4 139Modal verbs of obligation and permission Use 41 have (got) to ‘Canis a modal verb, . an and be allowed t express permission. Cans more informal and vsualy spoken Form You eam borrow my bike, but you can’t have the car. I need it. Positive and negative - ‘They ea’ come in ere with those muy shoes! Youre allowed to et married when ou 16. Vow [hee Aree allowed tose a dictionary for this tea? =r _| dr etd “eto allowed to park here He/She oD doesn’t have to > 42 should, ought to, and must Question Form H on ‘Should, ought 9, nd must are modal vers. Do | you | have towork hard? : iouldshoukda’ fate) WNowWerthey | Shoulshouldat Heshe i? | ought fough notte | workhand Use Have fois nota modal vee Use 1 Have toexpresses strong obligation. lt expresses 1 Should and ought to express mild obligation, suggestions, or advice. They express general obligation based om aw or tue, or based on ‘wha inthe speaker’ opinion, isthe ight or best thing todo, We often ue them {he authority of another person Is impersonal Sith hind hink Children have to go school unt they are 16, law) owe aby asking me for money I hin you shold pend les ‘Mur sys yo have to clean your ron bore you go You shouldn't sols othe television! 1° ad for your eyes. out. (mother's ordes) You ought tobe more careful with your mone. 2. Have got 0s common in British English bt itis 2. Should Uke... is possible, We often use Do you think... ? ‘more informal than have 1. Should 1 try to at les? ve goto g0 now Se you! Do you think I should ee a doctor? Dat got bed a Wve go tot xy [5 Musik have to, expeeses strong obligation. Must expresses an obligation that more. . - involves the speaker’ opinion. tis personal. Rage tb rrr! TTR Pe pow mus get my hair ut (This me talking tome) nu must goad visit your grandmother (A patent alking ta child) 3. Have texpreses a general repeated obligation. 4 Mustis alo associated with a formal, writen style. alwys havet ell ny parents where F'n going. ‘Al vistors must show proper ID. (Sign inthe lobby ofan office building) Have goto expresses an obligation on one particule Books must be returne on or before the de date, (Instructions inalibrary) ‘Pye got to get up early tomorrow to catch a train, ‘have to and must, don't have to and mustn't 1 Have ro and must are sometimes interchangesble. > can and be allowed to Tamust be home by midnight, Thave to be horne by midnight, But hae swe more often than mus Ifyou ae sure which to we fos probably safer to use have to, ‘Affirmative and negative 2 Must I... ?is possible, but question forms with have to are more common. ow | aves Do Thave todo what you say or con Ido what wane? LWetthey | ateallowed to 9 Have tohasall forms; must does no. | seetiatowed io] sie: had to work until midnight lastnight (Pas) ‘anleatt Yi have to study hard when you got college (Future) Heishe | Ssallowed vo Shea milionave She never had to do any work (Present erect) ist allowed to | hate having t get upon cold, winter mornings (ing form) you were amuse you would have fo wear @ uniform. (infinitive) Question 4 Don't have to and must are completely different. ‘cma [ESE Don't have to expresses absence of obligation — you can but it ist necessary. } Some people ion their socks, bu ou dont have oI thnk tsa waste of time. an |i When you go nt a shop, you don’t have to buy something. You can just lok ‘re [you | allowed to | park here Mist expresses negative obligation ~ itis very important not to do somethin. = The You must’ ste! other people’ things. 1 wrong. You must’ rive if you've been drinking Yu cou il somernet DP Workbook p28 Farther practice of must and have 140 Grammar Reference 41-42Bp 43 Making requests: can, could, wil, and would 1 3 ‘There are many ways of making request in English, can. Could help me, please? Will | ¥U | passthe salt, please? Would ‘Would you mind helping me, please? Gan], | speak to you, please? Could ask you a question? Do you mind if! open the window? ‘Would you mind if T opened the window? Gar, could, wil andl would are all modal verbs. ‘Coulis a little more formal; con i litle more familias. Could Tos. and Could you .. are very useful because they ean be used in many diferent situations Here are some ways of responding to request A. Excuse mel Could you help me? B Sure, Ofcourse. Well, 'm afraid matte busy right now. A. Would you mind if opened the window? B No,novat all No, thats fine. Wel ne ite cold, actually Bp 44 Making offers: will and shall/should L 2 Wand shal /should are used to express offers, They are both modal verbs ‘The contracted form of willis wsed to express an intention, decison, or offer made at the moment of speaking. Game over after work. 1M cook dinner fr you. ‘Tes Jane's birthday today’ ‘Ist? buy her some flowers? Give him your suitcase, Hel cary it for you on’ worry about catching the bus. Dave give you a if. Give it back or we'l cal the police! In many languages, this dea is often expressed by a present tense, ‘ut in English this is wrong PU give you my mumber Ucar your suitcase. Other uses of will are dealt with in Unit ‘Shall / Should ...7is used in questions with the First person, and we, It expresses an offer, a suggestion, or a request fr advice. ‘Shall erry your bag for ou? That very kind. Thankyou ‘Shall we go ou fora nel tonight?” “Mm. ove “What shall we do? We haven't got any money. We se should to make sn informal suggestion. What should we have for dinner? What should we do tonight? “We could ask Dad? UNITS. Introduction to future forms ‘There is no future tense in English as there i in many European languages, However, English has several forms that can refer to the future, Three ofthese are will, going 2, and the Present Continuous Tse you later (will) Were going to see a film tonight, Do you want ro come (going to) im seing the doctor tomorrow evening. (Present Continous) ‘The dfference between them isnot about nea or distant future, or about certainty. The speaker chooses a future form depending on how the speaker sees the future event. Is ita plan, a decision, an intention, ‘an offer, prediction, or an arrangement? This isthe important ‘question to ask when choosing a future form. There is more about this in Use below. Bp 51 will/going to and the Present Continuous Form Positive and negative e Ww He 5 ‘They wont Tmitim not She(She isn’t ‘Were/We aren't help you vaich TV tonight. going to catching the 10 o'elack train. [Sou'erfou arent Question will you ate you going to are you meeting the manager? ‘What time — Note ‘Weavoid saying going to come or going to go. We're coming tomorrow: Wher are you going home? Use Plans, decisions, and intentions (will and going to) will Wiis used asa modal auxiliary verb to expres a decision, intention, or offer made atthe moment of speaking We sav this use in Unit 4 (See 44.) Remember that you cant use the present tense for this use. 1 have the steak, pease. NOT Hhevethestesie PU see you tomorrow. Bye! NOT beee-you-tomorron: ‘Give me a call sometime, We'l go out for cofee. ‘efi there’s someone atthe door?” ‘OK, I'M ge ie?soing to ‘Going tos used to express a future plan, decison, or intention made before the moment of speaking. ‘Wher grow up, 'm going to be a doctor. Jane and Peter are going to get married aftr they graduate. ‘We're going to paint this room blue Facts and predictions (will and going to) will ‘The most common use of willis as an auxiliary verb to show future time, Ieexpreses a future factor prediction Iti called the pure Future or the Future Simple. We't be away for two weeks. Those flowers won't grow under the tre It's to dark (Ons ove will ast forever. You'l be sick f you eal those wets! Will fora prediction ean be based more on an opinion than a fact. 1 don’ think Lara will do very well in her exam, She does do any work. ‘am convinced that inflation will fall to three per cent next yer. going 10 Going to can also express a prediction, especially when itis based on present fact. There is evidence now that something is certain to happen. She's going to havea bay. (We can see she's pregnant.) (Our euns is going to win she mach. (It's fout-ni, and there are only five minutes lft to pay.) It aw’ going to rain day (Look at that beautiful bive sk.) Note Sometimes there ino difference between wil and gong to ‘will ruin is going to ruin the country with is stupid ‘This government conomepalae Arrangements (Present Continuous) The Present Continuous can be used to express a future arrangement ‘between people It usually refers tothe near future. Were going out with eremy tonight Pm having my har cut tomorrow. What are we having for lunch? “Think of the things you might put in your diary to remind you of what you are doing over the next few days and weeks, These are the kinds of ‘vents that aze often expressed by the Present Continuous fr the future, The verbs express some kind of activity or movement. im meeting Peter tonight. ie Taylors are coming for dinner. £m seeing the doctor the morning. Remember that you can't use the present tense for this use. vee going toa party om Saturday night NoT We're eating the 10 0 lack ean NOT Weestch the Weldedktrain: What are you doing this evening? NOT Sometimes there is no difference between an agreed arrangement (Present Continuous) and an intention (going to). ‘We're going to get 142 Grammar Reference 61-62 UNIT 6 Introduction to like Like can bea ve or preposition, Likes a verb can be followed by -ing orto, sometimes with a change in ‘meaning. {like going out atthe weekend. (general enjoyment) like to st in a hot bath and read, (habits and preferences) Like asa verb has a person asthe subject like modern ar. don’ Tike the way he loks at me ‘Do you like fish? Would you lke drink? Like asa preposition has an object after ‘She's wearing «hat like mine “He's nothing lke his father. ‘That sounds lke the postman. You're behaving lke children. This new girlfriend ofhis~ what's she like? Sp 61 What... like? ‘What isfare/was/wer.. ike? is used to ask about the permanent nature of people and things. It ask for a description or an impression ‘or a comparison What's the health service like in your country? What are she new students ike? @ Be careful! 1 description or an impression, we do not use like inthe Whats London lke? es quit big, and it's very intersting. NoT i“ ‘She's tall atractive, and very funny NOT She+iike tell — 2 With a comparison, we can use lite in the answer. Here, lke means similar 10 / the same as. Whats London lke? What's Amanda lke? 1s lke New York, but without the tall Ducdings. (= e's sila 10.) What's Amanda's daughter like? ‘She's just lke Amand (© She’ the same as...) DP Workbook p39 Likeand as p62 How...? 1 How. is wet ask about the present condition of something that cin change Hows work these dayst 1 beter ha ast ear. How was the ai tis moming? was wore than ual “To ask about the weather, we can use both questions. iow’s the weather What’ the weather like where you are? 2 How... Pis also used to ask about people's health and happiness. Compare: How's Peter? He's fine. What's Peter like? lesa nice guy. He's quite tall, has dark hair. 3 How... ?is also used to ask about people's reactions and feelings. How's your meal? Hlow’s your new job?Bp 63 How... ?0r What... like? Sometimes we can use What. lik? or How .? but they arent the same. What ie asks for an objective description. How «7 ask for personal feelings. Compare: How's the party? I's great! Whar’ the party lke? it's very noisy, but there's lots o eat and drink Bp 6.4 Verb + ing or infinitive >> Verb patterns piss, Wp 65 Relative clauses 1 Relative clauses are used to tell us which person or thing we are talking about. They make it possible to give more information bout the person or thing being spoken about. ‘The boy has gone tothe beach. (Which boy?) ‘The boy who lives next door has gome 10 the beach. ‘The book is very good. (Which book?) ‘The book that I Bought yesterday is very good. This isa photo of the hotel. (Which hotel?) This sa phoro of he hotel where we stayed. 2. We use who to refer to people (and we can also use that) ‘The book is about a girl who marries a millionaire. ‘We use that to refer to things (and we can also use which). Whar was the name of the horse that won the race? 3 When who or shai the object ofa relative claus, it canbe left out. ‘The person you need to talk t0 ison holiday. The book I bought yesterday is very good. But when who or tharis the subject of a relative clause, t must be inchide. 1 like people who are kind and considerate. want a computer that is easy to use 4 Which can be used to refer tothe whole previous sentence o ides, passed my driving test on my fist attempt, which surprised everyone. Jane can't come tothe party which i ashame. 5. We use whose to refer to someone's possessions. ‘That's the woman whose dog ran away. That's the man whose wife won the lortery, 6 We can use where to refer to places. ‘The hotel where we stayed was right om the beach. We went back tothe place where we first met. Wp 6.6 Participles Particples after a noun define and identify inthe same way as relative clauses. ‘That woman driving the red Porsche is my aut. ‘The rem seem outside were probably the hive. UNIT 7 Introduction to the Present Perfect ‘The same form (have + past participle) exists in many European languages, but the uses in English are different. In English, the Present Perfect is essentially a present tense, but it also expresses the elfect of ‘past actions and activities onthe present Present Perfect means ‘before now? The Present Perfect does not express when an action happened. If we say the exact time, we have to ‘use the Past Simple is my lif, U have travelled tal sven continents Traveled around Afi in 1998, Wp 71 The Present Perfect Form Positive and negative T We | ve You | haven’ They lived in Rome, He [fs She | hasn't Question How longhave | we y0u_| known Petert Howionghas | Short anover Ye Tia Have you aby ved in Budapest] STARE Ue ‘The Present Perfect expresses: 1 anaction that began inthe past and sil continses (unfinished past. We've lived in the same house for 25 years. Paers worked a a teuher since 2000 “How long have you known eachother? ‘They've been rizrid for 20 years. Note ‘Many languages expres this ida with a present tense, but in English thisis wrong. ‘Peter hasbeen a teacher for ten years. NOT Baterioatevcher foe ae ‘These time expressions ate common with this use. ‘vo years 1970 month the end ofthe clas for | afewminutes since | August half an hour Bolclock ages Christmas ‘We use for with a period oftime and since with a point in time. Grammar Reference 63-71 1432 anexperience that happened at some time in one’s life. The action isin the past and finished, but the effects ofthe action ae stil felt. Whea the action happened isnot important ve been tthe Unite States. (L still remember) She's written poetry and children’s stores, (inher weiting caret) Have you evr had an operation? (at any time in your life up tonow) Hw many times has he been married? (in is life) ‘The adverbs ever, never, and before are common with this use. Have you ever been to Australia? Ive never tied bungee jumping Thaven' red sushi before. q Questions and answers about definite times are expressed inthe Past Simple. When did you go 10 the United State? Washer poetry published wiile she was alive? Toke my leg once, bu ist’ have fo stayin the hospital Ho met his second wife inthe dry cleaners 3 a past action that has a present result, The action is usally in the recent past The taxi hast arrived yet. (We're ill wating for it.) What have you done to your lip? (It's bleeding.) ‘We often announce news in the Prevent Perfect because the speaker is emphasizing the event a a present fact, Have you heard? The Prime Minister has resigned, ‘Susans had her baby! Tve ruined the meal Details about definite time will be in the Past Simple. ‘She resigned becauze sh lost «vote of no confidence. She had a baby boy this morning was a dficul birth, 1D edida’t watch ic carefully enough ‘The adverbs yet, already, and just ate common with this use. Thaver’t done my homework yet. (Negative) ‘Has the postman been yet? (Question) ve already done my homework. ‘She's just had some good news @ be careful with been and gone, He's been to the United States. (experience — he is there now) ‘Shes gone to the United States. (present result ~ she's there now) DP Workbook p45 Further practice of ben and gone Ip 72 Present Perfect or Past Simple? 1. The Present Perfect is for unfinished actions. The Past Simple i for completed actions. Compare: Present Perfect Past Simple ve lived in Texas for six years,” lived in Texas for sx ears (stil ive there.) (Now I live somewhere els.) Te written several books. Shakespeare wrote 30 plays. (ean sill write some more.) (He cat write any more.) 144 Grammar Reference 7 2 We can see that the Present Perfect refers to indefinite time and the Past Simple refers o definite time by looking at the time ‘expressions used with the different tenses. Present Perfect~ indefinite Past Simple definite fora long time. yesterday. Predone it | Hace Jo eee before. ‘90 days ago. recently, Tdidit | arB ook. T've already done it in 1987. Thaven't done it yet ‘when I was young. foralong ime. © Be careful with this morningafternoon, et: Have you seen Amy this morning? (Ie still morning.) itd you see Amy this morning? _(It'the afternoon or evening.) Bp 73 Present Perfect Simple passive Form Ihasthave been + past participle I | hasbeen sold. They _[ have been Use ‘The uses are the same in the passive a in the active. Two million cars have been produced so far this year. (unfinished past) Has she ever been made redundant? (past expevience) “ave you heard? Two hundred homes have been washed cvay by a tidal ‘wave! (present importance) B74 Phrasal verbs ‘There are four types of phrasal verbs. Types 1,2, and 3can be literal or idiomatic. Type 4 are nearly always idiomatic. ‘Typed ‘Verb + particle (no object) ‘2 He put on his coat and went out bb Tid’ put enough wood on the fre and it went out Ina the verb and particle are use literally. nb, they are used ‘iomatically. Go out means stop burning. ‘Examples with literal meaning: Sit down She stood up and walked out, Please go aay. She walked right past the soe without noticing it Examples with idiomatic meaning ‘The mariage dn’ work ou. (= succeed) (Our plans fll through. (= fil ‘Type2 ‘Verb + particle + object (separable) a [put up the picture 1 Tput up my sister forthe night {Ina the verb and particle are used literally. nb, they ‘iiomatically. Put up means give someone food and apace to sleep, ssualy forthe night ora few days. ‘Type 2 phrasl verbs are separable. The object (noun or pronoun) can come between the verb and the particle put up the picture put up my sister put the picture up. put my ster up.If the object isa pronoun, it always comes between the verb and the partie Ipuritup. NOT tpweapit Tputher up NOT Epatiprher: Examples witha literal meaning: ‘The waiter took away the plates. Don't throw it away. ‘Theyre pulling that old building down, Examples with an idiomatic meaning: I put off the meeting. (= postpone) ‘Don't let me down. (= disappoint) Type 3 ‘Verb + particle + object (inseparable) She came across the room. She came across an old fiend while she was out shopping, In athe verb and particle are used literally. In b they are used ‘diomatially. Come across means find by accident. ‘Type 3 phrasal vers are inseparable. The object (noun or pronoun) lays comes after the particle, NOT Shecomesnokdtrientacrosn or Shecameher servis Examples with a literal meaning: Po looking for Jane. They ram across the park We drove past them “Examples with an idiomatic meaning: {Took after it for you. (= care for) ‘She takes after her father, (~ resemble in features, build, character, or disposition) “He never got over the death of his wife. (= recover from) ‘Typed Verb + particle + particle get along very wel with my bos. Tn looking forward toi ‘How can you put up with that noise? ‘Type 4 phrasal verbs are nearly always idiomatic. The object eannot change position. It cannot come before the particles or between the ticles. NOT Pmooking forwanditte, UNIT 8 Introduction to conditionals ‘There are many different ways of making sentences with if It is ‘important to understand the difference between sentences that express real possibilities, and those that express unreal situations. Real possibilities {it rains, wel stay home. (if Present Simple + will) If youve finished your work, you ean go home. Cif Present Perfect + modal auxiliary ver) If you're feling il, go home an get into bed. (f+ Present Continuous + imperative) Unreal situations You would understand me bere you came fom my country (would + if + Past Simple) If were rch, I wouldn't have any problems. Gf were + would) If stopped smoking could run faster (if+ Past Simple + modal auxiliary verb) ‘There are several patterns that you need to know to understand the ‘variations. Note that a comma is usual when the ifclause comes first. Np 8:1 First conditional Form if + Present Simple + will Positive YL find your wale, let you know. ‘Wel come and see you on Sunday ifthe weather's good Negative You wont pass the rest if you don’t study. Ifyou lose your tikes, you wor’ be able to go. Question ‘What will you do if you don’ find a job? there isnt a hotel, where will you stay? [Note that we do not usually use willin the ifelause NOT Heyou-witHleave now-youll atch the train 145 grout tonight Fi give yous cll ‘can be replaced by wnless (=i possibility.) Unless I hear fom you, I'l come at 800, Tl tke my wmbreta in ease trains ot) oF mens (= because of the Use 1 First conditional sentences express a possible condition and its probable result inthe future. Condition (ifelause) If find a jumper in your size Result (result clause) PI buy it for you you can't do the homework, give mea cal. you can find my purse, Tight buy you an ice-cream. you've never been to Wales, you should try ogo there one day. 2 We can use the first conditional to express different functions (all of ‘which express a possible condition and a probable result) {Ifyou do that again 1H Kill you! (a threat) Careful! fyou touch tha, you'l burn yourself (a warning) Tl post the ltter if you like. (an offer) ‘Ifyou lend me £100, foe you forever (a promise) Grammar Reference 81 145,Bp 82 Time clauses Conjunctions of time (when, as soon a, before, until, after) are not usually followed by will We use a present tense even though the time reference is future call you when I get home. ‘Az soon as diner is ready, I'l give you acl, ‘Can Thavea word with you before Igo? ‘Wait until Fcome back. ‘We can use the Present Perfect if itis important to show thatthe action inthe time clause i finished, When I've read the book, Pillend ito you. go home after Ive done the shopping. (83 zero conditional Zero conditional sentences refer to ‘ll ime? not just the present oF fature. They express situation that is always true. Ijmeans when or whenever fp pnd ove 50 hat pear you get fie erent scout Sp 84 Second conditional Form if + Post Simple + would Positive fT won some money i go around the ord (My father would kill mei he coud se me now. Negative Ta give ny ob if e's ike I Esai ghost, I would talk it Question Whar would you do if you saw someone shoplifting? ‘Ifyou needed help, who would you ask? [Note that ws can change to werein the condition cause, iT T The | wererich, |}, | wouldnt have to work. Use 1 We use the second conditional to expres an unreal situation and its probable result. The situation or condition i improbable, impossible imaginary, oF contrary to known facts. ‘if wee the president of my county, Td inerease taxes (But is not ‘very likely that I wil ever be the president.) ‘my mother was sil alive het be very proud. (But she's dead) 1 Ted needed money, lend itr him. (But he doesnt nce it) 2. Other modal verbs are possible inthe result clause eould buy some new clothes iT had some money. 1 saved alte every week might be able t save up for a ear {you wanted that job, you'd have to apply very 500m 3 Yl were you Ti. is used to give advice. If were you, Fd apologize to her Tata it easy fora while if were you. 46 Grammar Reference 82-85 9 85 First or second conditional? Both conditionals refer othe present an fate. The diference is about probability ot time. It's usally cleat which conditional to ‘se. Hist conditional sentences are real and posible; sesond conditional sentences express situations that wil probably never happen. 1p Tose ny job FH. (My company is doing badly. Theresa strong possility of being made redundant) ‘If Tost my job, Td... (I probably won't lose my job. I'm just speculating) Ifehere ia rca war, wel ll. Sud by a pest) If there was a macear wa. (Bat 1 don't tink tll happen.) would Notice the use of would in the following sentences: She'd look better with shorter hair. (= If she cut her hai, she'd look bette:) ‘would to express preference 1 love a cup of coffe. Where would you lke to site a rather have coffes, please Pd rather not tl you, if that's al right Whar would you rater do, stay in or go out? ‘would to express a request Would you open the door for me? Would you mind lending me a hand?UNIT 9 Modal verbs Modal verbs can express ability obligation, permission, and. request. They can aso express the idea of probability of ‘how certain a situation is. Thre isan introduction to ‘modal auxiliary verbs on pI, Modal verbs of probability 91 Ex i ibility/probabilit D 31 bereng poate 1 Must and ce'texpes the logial conclusion of a situation: must = logically probable; cr’ = logialy probable. We don nave all the facts, so we are not absolutely sur, but we are prety certain. He mus be exkasted. He ca ven stand tp. Sue can have a te-year-old daughter Sue only 28 Hes in gece shape, ve thou he mst at east 60! A walkin this wether! You must be joking? [ether no answer? They must bein bed. They cant be curtis laze! 2 Could and may/might express possibility inthe present o future. May/Might + nots the negative, Coulis rare inthis use He might be los. They could move ra diferent place Dave ad Beth are at home, They could be atthe concer, suppose. We may go 0 Greece for our vacation. We havent decided et. Take your tril. fe mig ain ae. might not be ale o come onght. might have work late The continuous infinitive Mustouldieanvimight + be+-ing make the continous form in the present. Peter might be working lt. ‘They eat be working ver hard Compac: ‘on’ grass is lovely He must ut treaty? (abit) ‘Wat’ Jon doing in the garden” ‘He might be cutting the gra (n0%) Rp 9.2 Expressing possibility/probability: the past ‘The perfect infinitive Mastiouldican't/might + have + past paticiple express degrees of probability inthe past. Homust have been exhausted. ‘She can't have told hin: about us yt. He might have got ls. They could have moved house. ‘The continuous infinitive Mustiould/eant/might + have + Been + ing make the continuous form inthe past. ‘She must have been joking. They can't have been tying very hard. “He could have been lying '9 yo > Workbook p57 Further practic ofthe continuous infinitive B93 Asking about possibilities ‘To ask about possibilty/probabilty we usually use Do you thnk ..? Question forms with modal verbs of probability are unusual. ‘Do,you think shes married?” ‘She ca be “Whore do you think he's front” ‘He might be Spanish o Portuguese ‘Do,you think they've arrived ye” “They may have. Or they might have got stuck in the trai BP 94 So doit Neither dot When we agre or dsagree using So. Neither. 6 repest the auiliay verbs. If there is no auxiliary, use do/does/did. Be careful with sentence stress. AGREEING DISAGREEING : . Like ice-cream. So dot. Idon'tlike Mary. Po, Tmwearing jeans. SoamI. Were going now. Wearen'. Tan swim. Socan Tecan speak Polish, Tan, Tent out, Sodid haven't been skiing, [have . . I dost like working, Neitherdo. | Ike bluecheese. Fdon' ean drive. Neither can, | (saw Pat yesterday. I didn’, Thaven't been to Paris Neither have. | T'm going to have T'm not. some cafiee. [> 95 too and either/neither ‘We express that we have the same ideas as somebody else by using 100 and cither/ncither. With 10 and ether we repeat the auxiliary verbs of if there is no auniliary, use dofdoesdid. like ice-cream, do, to. / Me to. Thave always studied hard Thave, to. / Me to. don’t ike working. Ion’, either. / Me neither. uns play a musical instrument, I car's, either. / Me neither Grammar Reference 91-95 7UNIT 10 Continuous forms Remember, the following ideas are expressed by al continuous forms: 1 activity in progress, Be quiet! 'm thinking. Livas having a shower when the phone rang Te been working since 9 o'clock this morning 2 temporary activity Were staying with friends untit we find a place of our ‘We've been living with them for six weeks, 3. possibly incomplete activity 1m writing a report. U have to finish it by tomorrow, ‘Who's been eating my sandwich? D> Workbook p63 Further practice of simple and continuous forms Rp 101 Present Perfect Continuous Form Positive and negative 1 we | ve You | havent They been working. Hey She ‘ She | past Question 7 nave | you How long ‘we | been working? she me [> | Use ‘We use the Present Perfect Continuous to express 1 an activity that began in the past and is continuing now. {ve been studying Exglish for thee years, lw long have you been working here? Sometimes there is no difference between the simple ve played ‘ve been playing I the continuous is possible, English has a preference for using it. ‘The continous can sometimes expres a temporary and the simple a permanent state ve been living inthis house forthe past few months (temporary) ‘ve lived here all my life. (permanent) Remember that state verbs rarely take the continuous form (see 23 p136). {ve had this book for ages, Pe always laved sunny days, 148 Grammar Reference 101-103 2 a past activity that has caused a present result, {ve been working all day. (Pm tired now.) Have you been erying? (Your eyes are red.) Rogers been cutting the grass. (Lean smell it.) The past activity might be finshed or it might not. The context usually makes this lar. Look out ofthe window! I?s been snowing! (It has stopped snowing now.) ve been writing this book fortwo years. (It stil isnt Finished.) ‘Pm covered in paint because lve been decorating the bathroom, (It might be finished or it might not. We don't know.) Bp 10.2 Present Perfect Simple or Continuous? 1 The simple express a complete ato "ye painted the ice and ro Tm doing the bathroom. “The continuous expres an activity over period and thing that happened dlring the activi ve got paint in my hair becuse Pve been decorating Because the imple exprestes completed ation, we ute it the sentence gives 4 number or quantity, Her, the continuous fn posi, ve been reading al day. Pve read ten chapters Sie’ ba cating ever sce seared She's eaten tn isis asad 2 Some verbs dont have the de of lng time for example, fdr, di lo, brea, tp. These verbs ae more vxully found in the simple Some vets have the idea of ong time, for example, wait, ork play lear, rain These verbs are offen found in the continuous ye cut my finger (One short action.) "ye been cating firewood. (Petaps over several how.) Wp 103 Time expressions ere are some time expressions ofen found with ertainvenses Past Simple lived in Chicago for six years. saw Jack eo days ag. They met during the war She got marted while she was at university. Present Perfect We've been marvel for tem years, They've bee living here sce Jame She has’ been working ince her baby was born Future Were gong on vacation for afew days. The cas ends in 20 minutes 1 be home in half an our Prepositions with dates, months, years et September pare 1 ack a Nona oming | Geen of Ney in solic on | 8 August at | Christmas rl etm Day these en holiday -dinner-time the 20th centuryUNIT TI Question words ‘Look atthe questions. Notice that What, Which, and Whose can ‘combine with a noun and How ean combine with an adjective or an adverb. What kind of music do you like? What size shoe do you wear? What colour are your eyes? Which pen do you want? Which way is it 10 the station? Whose book is this? How much do you weigh? How many irohers and sisters do you have? How many times have you been of a planet How much homework do you get every night? Hoy tall are you? How often do you goto the dentist? How long docs take you to ge school? {> 11 indirect questions 1 Indirect questions ave the same word oder a the pov and there dio. in Califor Do you know where [Tom lives]? NOT Deyortnewanhre deren 2 We fen mae dirt questions in indict questions o make them ound fer or more pole Diet quetion "hat ne do he bas cose? Inaizet question ald youl me Dove now Daou hapen 0 Povey any ee Dou remenber Md you ind linge Athi ogueton wor, for wht dow ifm congo rot Trond hethor ig Hee are some more exreios that nroduce Ido xo Tod I ir em iw Td like to know | Pnnorsine ‘what time the banks closet rect questions: how long the journey takes. Wp 112 Question tags Form 1 Question tags are very common in spoken English. The most ‘common pater ate postive sentence — negative tg You're Jen, arent you? or negative sentence — postive tag Wirt avery nice dais it? 2 We repeat the auxiliary verb inthe tag. IFthere is no ausiliary use dordoesiti You haven't been here before, have you? You eam speak: French, can’ you? We should rake the dog out, shouldn't we? Banks elose at four, don't they? ‘She oats meat, doesn't she? ow went to bed late, didn’t you? Note For negative question tags with I'm Tov late, aren't But, Pm not late, am? NOT Fvnoteterarent2 3 Notice the meaning of Yesand No in answer to question tags “You're coming, aren't you?” ‘Yes! (= Lam coming) “No! (= Tim not coming.) NOT Famdeteramcit Use We use question tags to Keep a conversation going by involving listeners and inviting them to participate. ‘The meaning of question tag depends on how you say it. |A.question tag with rising intonation is ik areal question — it i asking for confirmation, It means ‘Tm not sure, so I'm ‘checking: The speaker thinks he/she knows the answer, but isn't absolutely certain, Your name's Abigail, Be? You're in advertising arevt you? verisign You work in the city, dost yout {A question tag with fling intonation isnt really a question at all— itisa way of making conversation. It means Talk to me: The speaker expects people to agree with inv. Beautiful day, or HP es wonderful weather for swimming, ive? ‘That was a great concert, wasn? You havens been here before, have you? Note We can also use question tags with negative sentences to make a polite request for information or help, You couldn’ lend me your car this evening, could yout Grammar Reference IMI-1.2. 149UNIT 12 > 121 Tense changes in reported statements 1 is usual for the verb in the reported clause to move ‘one tense back’ ifthe reporting verb i in the past tense (ex sid old). Present ——» Past Present Perfect ——= Past Perfect Past ——__> Past Perfect ‘Tm going? He said he was going. “She's passed her tes! He zold me she had passed her test. “My father died when I was six’ She sid her father had died sehen she was si, The verb also moves ‘one tense back’ when we are reporting thoughts and feelings. I thought she was married, but she isn't 1 dis Rove he was a teacher thought he worked in a bank. 1 forgo you were coming. Nevermind, Come Thoped you would cal. ‘There is no tense change if — the reporting verb isin the present tense (eg. says as) “The train willbe late? He says the rain wil be lave. “Tome from Spain She says she coms from Spain = the reported speech is about something that is still rue Rain forests ae being destroyed. She told him tha rain forests are being destroyed. “Tate football” old him Thate football. Some modal verbs change an —— could will ——> would ‘may ——> might ‘She can type wel” He told me she eould type wel ‘Ti help you? She said she'd help me. "Tmay come? She said she might come Other modal verbs don't change. ‘You should go to bed? He rod me I should go 10 bed. might rain’ She said she though f might rain, Must stays as must or changes to had ta. "Tmust go!” He sid he musthad to go D 122 Reporting verbs “There are many reporting verbs. We rarely use say with an indirect object (ie the person spoken to) ‘She said she was going. NOT Sheseid-to-mesheswer going Tells always used with an indirect object in reported speech, the doctor her husband She told the news. We can use that aftr say and tll. He told her (that) he would be home late, ‘She sid (that) sales were down from as ear. Many verbs are more descriptive than say and tah for example, explain, interrupt, demand, insist, adm, complain, wart. tapi hae would beam He | imited [that sales were down that year 150 Grammar Reference 12-124 Sometimes we report the dea rather than the actual words “Tlllend you some money’ He ofr 0 lend me some money “Twonit lp you" Se ese help me Sp 123 Reported questions |The word order in reported questions is different in reported speech. There is no inversion of subject and auxiliary verb and thee is no do/doesid. This is similar to indirect questions (see pls). “Why have you come here?” Laskd her why she had come here. “what time i if? He wats 10 know what time i, ‘where do you live” She asked me where [lived Note We do not use a question matk in a reported question. ‘We do not use say in reported questions. He sad, How old are yout” He asked me how old Lamm, 2 IF there no question word, use ifor whether. Shewantstoknow | 4. | she should weara dress Bp 124 Reported commands, requests, ete. 1. For reported commands, requests offers, and advice, we use verb + person + 10+ infinitive. ‘They told us to go awey. ‘They asked me fo lok afer their et He urged the teachers to go ack 10 work ‘She persuaded me to have my har et. advised the President to leave immediatly. @ Says not possible. Use ask told etc. 2. For negative commands, use norbefore a, He tld me not tal anyone, ‘The police warned people not to go out. 5 Weuse tll for reported statements and reported commands, but the form is different Reported statements “He told me that he was going. ‘They told us that they were going abroad. ‘She told she har had been happening. Reported commands He old me ro keep stil, The police told people to move on My parents told me to clean up my room. ‘We use ast for reported commands and reported questions, but ‘the form is diffrent, Reported commands Tovas asked to ated the interview Hie asked me to oper my sutease She asked me not to leave Reported questions He asked me wha I did fora ving. Lashed her how much the rent was, ‘She asked me why 1 had come. D> Workbook p77 Further practice of ask and tllPairwork activities > UNIT 1 p9 PRACTICE ‘An amazing thing happened! ‘Student A. Ask and answer questions to complete the information, about Kaori Sato, Where was Kaori Sato born? Tit Osaka. How many films has she made? ‘Over forty. How long... ? KAORI SATO United Nations Goodwill Ambassador aori Sato was born in Osaka, Japan (Where?) KK inves sees insorin sirat in made over forty films. She has been a UN Goodwill Ambassador for (How lng?) Her special interest is children's health and education. She goes to Africa _ (How often?), and she visits schools and hospitals. She has raised (How much money?) from people in Japan. As a Goodwill Ambassador, she is paid just $1 a year. Her father was a famous (What/dor) Kaori went to university in Tokyo, then studied ______ (What?) at the Tokyo Theatre School. She has also written seven bestselling books. (How many?) studying languages. She is married, and has children. They are both at universi > UNIT 3 p25 PRACTICE Getting information Student A Ask and answer questions to complete the story. Where did Wanda and Roy go on holiday? ‘They went to Florida. What did they do every day? They went swimming and lay in the sun. Where ... ? THE_TALE OF TWO WAVES A TRUE STORY Last summer, Wanda and Roy went on holiday t0 Florida (Where?) Every day, they ‘One moming, they were (Where? swimming in the sea, when a huge wave knocked Wanda's expensive Italian sunglasses into the water. Wanda was very upset because pe ee (ne) ‘The next day, they were sunbathing on the same beach and Wanda was wearing (What?), when suddenly there was another huge wave, ‘which totally covered Wanda, She was How... fee, but then she looked down and to her amazement, she saw the expensive sunglasses that she had lost the day before. Pairwork activities 151UNIT 1 p9 PRACTICE Getting information Student B Ask and answer questions to complete the information about Kaori Sato, ‘Where was Kaori Sato born? In Osaka, How many films has she made? Over forty. How long KAORI SATO United Nations Goodwill Ambassador ori Sato was born in Osaka, Japan, in 1956. K: ina ow fin at and he over forty (How many?) films. She has been a UN Goodwill Ambassador for 20 years, Her special interest is (What?) She ‘goes to Africa every year, and she visits (What?), She has raised $25 million from people in Japan. As a Goodwill Ambassador, she is paid (How much?). Her father was a famous painter. Kaori went to university in (Where?) then studied drama at the Tokyo Theatre School. She has also written (How many?) best-selling books. She is married, and has two children. They are both at university, studying _ (What?) 152 Pairwork activities UNIT 3 p25 PRACTICE ‘An amazing thing happened! Student B Ask and answer questions to complete the story Where did Wanda and Roy go on holiday? They went to Florida, What did they do every day? They went swimming and lay in the sun. Where ... ? THE TALE OF eee ee A TRUE STORY Last summer, Wanda and Roy went on holiday to Florida, Every day, they _went swimming and ly nthe sun (What... do?) ‘One morning, they were at the beach near their hotel, swimming in the sea, when a huge wave (What... do7), Wanda ‘was very upset because Roy had given her the sunglasses for her birthday. ‘The next day, they were sunbathing (Where?) and Wanda ‘was wearing a new. cheap pair of sunglasses, when suddenly there was another huge wave, which (What... do?) She was furious, but then she looked down and to her amazement, she saw (What?)J own 6 p52 _ _ > unit 7 pss VOCABULARY READING AND SPEAKING Talking about you Roleplay 1 Work with a partner. List the following information. 1 Work with a partner, + the name ofa restaurant where you had a memorable meal Student A «the name ofa city, town, or village that you have visited and that you would like You are a journalist: Interview your to visit again partner about his/her dream job from + the name of a relative, friend, or colleague who is important to you exercise 1 on p58. Ask these questions. Choose names of people and places that your partner does not know. + What do you do? + How did you get the job? + What do you like most about it? ‘+ Whats an average day like? + Have you made any sacrifices to do this job? + What would you lke to do next? + What advice would you give to someone ‘who wanted to do your job? Student B ‘You have your dream job from exercise 1 on p58, Your partner is a journalist. Answer his/her questions. 2 Change roles. ‘Where was the restaurant? 2 Exchange lists with your partner. Ask and answer questions to find out about What was the food lke? the places and people your partner listed. 3. Report back to the class about one of the names your partner wrote, Pairwork activities 153>» UNIT 9 p70-71 > UNIT 9 p77 | NEED HELP! PRACTICE Lucy and Pam’s letters Who's who in the family? Here are Lucy and Pam's letters to ‘Susie's Problem Page’ 1. Work in small groups. Look at photos 1-5. They are all of Simon and his family. In each photo, who do you think is Simon? Dear Sule ‘Who do you think the others are? Why? Lam t6 years eld and totally depressed. Int in love with This must / could / can't Leon Rossi the film star, I think about him night and day. be Simon because L just sit in my room and watch videos of his films over and aver again. Ive written, hundreds of letters to him and sent emails t0 his fan club, but all I get back are autographed photos. I dream that one day I'll meet kim and that he'll feel the same way about me. My friends think I'm cenzy, s0 I dont see them any rare. I canit concentrate on my homework, and I have exams next month, Ive tried to talk to my mum and dad, but they're both solicitors and nauch 200 busy 26 listen to me, Please, please help me! I'm desperate. I'nt thinking of running away t0 Hollywood to meet him. Yours in misery, lucy "Dear Susie, I'm almost too tired to write, but | have no one to turn to, 1've been married for three years and everything was just fine until a year ago when Brian, my husband, lost his job. He became depressed, and because he has nothing to do, he just goes over to his mother’s house and spends all day with her. He says he's worried about her because she lives alone. \'m a nurse at a hospital. 'm exhausted after work, but when I get home | have to cook and clean. Brian refuses to cook or do housework — he says it's boring and gets angry with me if | ask him to do anything around the house. whole personality has changed — we don't communicate any more. We're always short of money and I'm worried that he might have a gambling problem. | found hundreds of lottery tickets in a drawer yesterday, but | haven't said anything about it What can | do? | still love him. We were hoping to start a family soon, but now I'm not so sure this is a good idea. Yours sincerely, > am 154 Pairwork activitiesRp vir ps7 a CTICE ing out about Madonna Student A Ask and answer questions to complete the information about Madonna, When was Madonna born? in 16 August, 1958, Where was she born? In Bay City, Michigan, What ‘Was born Louise Veronica Ciccone on 16th August, 158 (When?}, in Bay City, Michigan, She was the oldest of eight children Her mother ded of (What?) hen she was six years old. She was brought up by (Who... by?) who was an engineet. He remarried, and Madonna's stepmother was called Joan, She started singing and dancing when she was (How (old?), participating in school shows and being a cheerleader. She also had piano and ballet lessons, She went to the University of Michigan, where she studied (What?) but she put aside her studies after two years and went to New York, because _____(Why?) SShe had no money, so she worked in shops and as a model. She decided to start singing, and found work as a backing vocalist. She wrote songs, and performed at local discos. She signed a contract with (Who... with?) in 1982, and immediately her career took off. She had het first umber one hit in 1984 with Like a Virgin. In 1985 she appeared as the Jeadin the film Desperately Seeking Susan. ‘Around this time she married (Who?). Unfortunately the ‘marriage only lasted for four years. In 1992 she founded her own record company called Maverick. In 1996 she starred in the film (Which?) and she was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Actress. In the same year she had her first child, Lourdes Maria. The father was ______(Who?}. She currently lives in London with, (Who... with?) with whom she had a second child, a boy called Rocco. ‘She has had eleven number one hits ~ more than any other female artist. ———— Pairwork activities 155UNIT 11 p87 UNIT 11 p89 PRACTICE PRACTICE Finding out about Madonna Conversations Student B 1 Work with a partner. Choose one of the Ask and answer questions to complete the information about Madonna. conversations below and add question tags. 1 A. You broke that vase. B Yes, did. I dropped it. I'm sorry. A Youll replace it. B Yes, of course I will, How much did it cost? A £300. B £300! It wasn’t that much, A Yes, it was i . 2 A Have you paid the electricity bill ye? B No, you paid it. f A. No, I haven't paid it.I thought you ‘ 0 A M1 q, paid it. . wh B Me? But you always pay it. et ‘A. No, I don't always pay the phone bill Madonna was born Louise Veronica Ciccone on 16 August, 1958, in Bay Giy, Michigan B) Obes 07 (Where?). She was the oldest of eight children. 3 A Welove each other. Her mother did of cancer when she was B Erm, T think so. (Yow old? She vas brought A We dort ever want o be apart. Se aden aa A And well get married and have lots ree of children, called (What 2. name of... 2) , ; B_ What? You haven't bought me a ring, She started singing and dancing when she was eight, participating in school ‘A Yes, Thave. Diamonds oe forerer, shows and being a cheerleader. She also had piano and bale lessons B Oh dear! She went to the University of (Which... 07), where se va dudite wart louse: studied dance, bu she put aide her studies afer two years and went to "5 Ntsahe dd She won £2 ion! (Where... 107, because she had dreams of becoming a star ‘A Sheisn't going to give it all avy. She had no money so she worked in shops and as a model. She decided B Asa matter of fact, she is, (What... do?) and found work as a backing vocals. ‘A. Wow. Not many people would do She wrote songs, and performed at local discos, She signed a contact with that. ‘Warner Brothers in 1982, and immediately her carer took off. She had her B Well, certainly wouldn't. fist number one hit in (When?) with Like a Virgin. In ise i 1985 she appeared as the lead in the film Desperately Seeking Susan SA — we're lost. Lets look at the ‘Around this time she married Sean Penn. Unfortunately the martiage only B Uh-oh. lasted for___ years (How long? A What do you mean, ‘Uh-oh’ You 1n 1992 she founded her own record company called Maverick, In 1996 she didn't forget to bring the map. starred inthe flm Evita, and she was awarded (What?) B Sorry. Inthe same year she had her fist child, Lourdes Maria, The father was her ‘A. How are we going to get back to the personal trainer, Carlos Leon. She currently lives in campsite without a map? (Where?) with her English husband, Guy Ritchie, with whom she had a B Well, we could ask a police officer. second child, a boy called Rocco. ‘A. There aren't many police officers on She has had (How many?) number one hits ~more than thivenonintaint any other female artist. 2 Act out your conversation for the class, 156 Pairwork activitiesIrregular verbs Base form Past Simple Past pa Base form Past Simple Past participle be wasiwere been leave left let beat beat beaten lend lent lent ‘become became become tet let let begin began begun lie lay hain bend bent bent light lighted Highteaie bite bit bitten lose lost los blow blew blown, sake made made break broke broken mean meant meant bring brought brought meet met set bold baile bit rst had 0 had to buy boughe bought pay paid paid an could been able put put put catch caught ‘aught read Irid read ied! read /red/ choose chose chosen ride rode ridden come came come ring rang rang cost cost cost rise rose risen cat cut cut run ran run dig dug dug sy said said éo id done see saw seen draw drew drawn sell sold sold ream dreamed/reamt _dreamed/dreamt send sent sent rink drank drunk set set set drive drove driven shake shook shaken ex ate caten shine shone shone fall fal fallen shoot shot shot feed fed fed show showed shown fel fel fe shut shut shut fight fought fought sing sang sung, find found found sink sank sank ft fit fit sit sat sat fy flew flown sleep slept slept forget forgot forgotten slide slid slid forgive forgave forgiven speak spoke spoken freeze froze frozen spend spent spent set sot sot spoil spoiledspoitt __spoiledspoit ve gave sven spread spread spread © went been/gone stand stood stood gow srew grown steal stole stolen hang hangedhung ——_—hanged/hung stick stuck stuck have had had swim swam swum hear heard heard take took taken hide hid hidden teach taught taught hit hit hit tore torn hold held held told told hurt hurt hurt thought thought exp kept hept threw thrown nel elt knelt understand understood understood know knew known wake woke woken hy laid aid wear wore ‘worn lead led led win ‘won ‘won learn learned/learmt —_learnediearnt write ‘wrote weiten Irregular verbs 17158 Verb patterns Verba ag Verba $b +10 Knive adore ade fant stand Slow dow mind ak enjoy beg fin scourge Too forward to fxpeet ip me todo Note itvie |B 90 ‘We often use the verb go + -ing for sports and | need = to come activities. order someone go evimming vey dy. remind 10 shopping on wkend i want Verbe+1 ininve a aree oose Note dre Help canbe used without ascide ‘helped hi do he dies forget rae Eo in Verbs + sb + infinitive (no to) hope Telp = le i rer dag oe make offer soe Notes. promise 1 Tots used with makin the passive. reine ‘Wevere made to work hard a 2 Letcannot be wedi the psive Allowed ois wed instead. ‘would hate “ ae ‘Shes allowed 0 leave. wosld love ould prefer Notes 1 Helpand dare canbe wsed without. Wie hlped lean up the Khon They ht dare dare wit i 2 Have 0 for obligation. Thaye 0 wear « uniform. 3 Used to for past habits. Tused to smoke, but I quit last year Verb patterns ‘Verbs > -ingor fo infinitive (with litle or no change in meaning) ‘begin continue hate : doing i todo love prefer start ‘Verbs + -ing or fo+ infinitive (with a change in meaning) remember doing ar todo try Notes 1 remember posting the leer (= Thave a memory now of a past action: posting the letter) remembered to post the letter (= Treminded myself to post the letter. 1 didn' forget) 2 I stopped drinking coffe (=I gave up the habit.) stopped t0 drink a coffee (=I stopped doing something else in order to havea cup of cofee,) 3 Itried to seep. (=Tanted to sleep, but it was dificult.) 1 ried counting sheep and drinking a glass of warm milk. (= These were possible ways of getting toseep.)Phonetic symbols Consonants Vowels 1 ip pen /pen’ 25 fis) asin see (si) 2 big /big/ 26 ti asin his /hiz/ 3 itt tea /ti/ 27 fil asin twenty /twenti/ 4 a do /du:! 28 Je! asin ten/ten/ 3 kt cat /keet! 29 /e/ asin stamp /stemp/ 6 ia g0 /g0! 30 fa:/ asin father /'fa:da! 7 fff 31/0) asin hot /hot/ 8 OW 32 fo asin morning /'mo:nin/ 9 A 33 fol asin football fotb: 10 34 fury asin i now 35 (asin 12 fw my /mav! 36 /s/asin Biv near /nta/ 37 fo) asin letter /‘Ieta/ ih happy /"hepi! 13 Al ed /red/ 6 i yee! Diphthongs (two vowels together) 17 Awl want /wont/ 38 fev asin name /nexm/ 1s thanks /Oenks! 39° foul asin no /nau! 9 1 the (Sal 40 far/ asin my /mar! 20 i she /i 41 faw/ asin how /hav/ a Bf television /'telrvign/ 42 (ov asin boy /bot! 2 AY child /tfanld/ 43° fal asin hear (hia! 23 ids! German /"d5s:man/ 44 (eal asin where /wea/ a hy English /‘iyghtf/ 45 /oa/ asin tour /tua! Phonetic symbols 159