Minna no Nihongo One Seton a Cee ate BRR - SCRA BSEBhR ZU-T-49-2We at 3A Corporation are continuing actively to produce new study materials designed to meot the individual needs of an increasingly wide range of lesmers, end we sincerely hope that readers wll continue to give us their valued support. ‘In conclusion, F should like to mention the extensive help we received in the ‘reparation of this text, i the form of suggestions and comments ftom various quarters, tnd trials of the materials in actual lessons, for which we are extremely grateful. 3A ‘Corporation intends to continue extending its network of friendship all over the world through activities such as the publishing of Japanese study materials, and we hope that ‘everyone who knows us will continue to Jend us their unstinting encouragement and support inthis. Iwao Ogawa President, 34 Corporation March 1998FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION On the Publication o Second Bullion of Minna no Nikongo Shokyu — Wie are proud to publish the second edition of Minna no Nihongo Shokyu. As stated in the Foreword to the first edition, Minna no Nihongo Shokyn can be rogueed as & ‘companion volume to Shin Nihongo no Kiso, «textbook originally developed for technical The first printing ofthe frst edition of Minna no Nihongo Shokyw I was issued in ‘March 1998, when great changes in the social environment surrounding the tesching of Japanese were taking place. The burgeoning of relationships between Japan and the res of the world had led to a rapid increase in the number of students of Japanese and their reasons for studying the language, and the consequent diversification of their requirements had necessitated a response more tailored o learners individual situations. 3A Corporation published Minna no Nihongo Shokyu in response to suggestions and comments received from people on the front Hines of Japanese teaching in Japan and elsewhere. Minna no Nikongo Shokyu was acclaimed for its easily understood key learning points and methods, its high degree of general applicability that took into account learners diversity, and for being a carefully-crafted learning resource that was outstandingly effective for students attempting to master Japanese conversation quickly. It has served ‘well for over ten years, but any language changes with the times, and both Japan and other counties have experienced great upheavals recently, Particularly inthe last few years, the ‘environment in which the Japanese language and its learners are situated has changed casa Inthese circumstances, 3A Corporation desided to review and partially revise Mi ‘no Nihongo Shokyu I and 1, based on our publishing and training experience and reflecting the many opinions and questions we have received from stedents and teachers of Japanese, in onder to be able to contribute Further tothe teaching of Japanese as a foreign language, “The revision focused on making the book even more usable and changing any words ‘or scenarios that no longer refected current conditions. Respecting the wishes of students and teachers, we have preserved the original textbook format, which has the benefit of making the book easy to se for both learning and teaching, and we have introduced more exereises and practice questions designed to strengthen students’ active Ianguage sbilty by inviting them to understand situations for themselves and think about how to express themselves, rather than merely following instructions and practising in a passive way. We have included a large numberof illustrations for this purpose‘We are extremely grateful forthe enormous help we received in the editing ofthis ‘book, in the form of comments and suggestions from various quarters, and tals in actual lessons, 3A Corporation intends to continue developing textbooks that ean not only help students of Japanese to commnnicete wha they need to but also contribute to international {nterpersonsl interchange, and we hope that everyone engaged in such sctivites wil find them useful. We warmly invite everyone who knows us to continue to lend us theit ‘unstinting encouragement and support in this. “Takai Kobayashi President, 3A Corporation June 2012TO USERS OF THIS BOOK 1. Structure The second edition of Minna no Nihongo Shokyu I consists of two volumes: the Main Text (With CD) and the Translation and Grammar Notes. We plan to publish the ‘Translation and Grammar Notes in twelve languages, stating with English ‘The materials have been compiled with the sim of inculeating the four skills of| speaking, listening, reading and writing. However the Mein Text and the Translation and Grammar Notes do not provide any instruction in reading and writing hiragana katakana, or kanji Il, Contents 1, Main Text 1) Japanese Pronunciation ‘This section gives examples of the chief points to nate concerning Japanese pronunciation. 2). Classroom Language, Everyday Greetings and Expressions, Numerals ‘This seotion contains a list of words and phases used in the classroom, basic Pat everyday greetings, and so on ~ 3) Lessons ‘There are 25 lessons, each containing the folowing sentence patterns Basic sentence pattems to be learned in tha lesson. @ Example sentences Basic sentence patterns incorporated into short dialogues to show how they ‘are used in actual conversation, New adverbs, conjunctions, and other parts of speech, plus further learning points, are also introduced. ® Conversation In the conversation, foreign people living in Japan appear in a variety of situations. The conversation includes everyday greetings and other expressions and as well as the material to be earned inthe lesson. If time allows, students can try developing the conversation by introducing some of the Usefll Words given inthe Translation and Grammar Notes. @ bxercises The exercises are split into three levels: A, B, and Exercise A is laid out visually to help students understand the gremmatical structure easily. It has been designed to make it easy for sudems to practiseconjugating verbs and forming connections, as well as mastering the basic sentence patterns, Exercise B employs various forms to strengthen students’ grasp ofthe basic sentence pattems, A number with an arrow (#) indicates an exercise that uses anllustration. Exercise C is designed to help students improve their communication abilities. Students use this exercise to practise conversing while substituting the underlined words in the designated conversation with alternatives ‘matching the situation; however, to prevent this becoming a simple substitution drill, we have wherever possible avoided using words to indicate substitutions. This means thatthe exercises are very fies, with students able to create vatious different conversational examples based on a single illustration, ‘Model answers to Exercises B and C are available ina separate compilation volume. @ Practice questions ‘There are three types of practice question: listening comprehension, grammar, and reading comprehension, The listening comprehension ‘questions are further subdivided into two types: answering short questions, and listening to short conversations and grasping the key points, The grammar questions check students’ understanding of vocabulary and grammar points. For the reading comprehension questions, students read simple passage incorporating vocabulary and grammer they have already stadied, and perform various types of task relating to its contents, @Review ‘This is provided to enable stadents to go over the essential points once more every few lessons. @ Summary of Adverbs, Conjunctions and Conversational Expressions ‘These are practice questions designed to enable students to review the ‘adverbs, conjunctions and conversational expressions presented in this textbook. Verb forms” ‘This section summarises the verb forms presented in this textbook, together with _vaious forms added tothe ends of verbs Table of Key Learning Points ‘This is summary ofthe key eaming points presented in this textbook, focusing ‘on Exercise A. It indicates which ofthe Sentence Patterns, Example Sentences, and Exercises B and C are relevant to cach ofthe leaming points introduced in Exercise A,6) Index This inchudes jassroom Language, Everyday Greetings and Expressions, ang ‘new vocabulary and expressions appearing in each lesson, with references to the lesson in whieh they first appear. 7) Included cD “The CD that goes with this book contains the conversation and the listening comprehension exercises from each lesson 2, Translation and Grammar notes 4). Explanations of the general features of Japanese, a well a8 the Japenese writing and pronunciation systems. 2) Translations of Classroom Language, and Everyday Greetings and Expressions 3) The following for each of Lessons | through 25; New words and their translations. @ Translations of Sentence Pattems, Example Sentences and Conversations. Useful words relevant to each lesson and snippets of information on Japan. © Explanations he grammar ofthe Sentence Patterns and expressions. 4) A surumacy of how to express numbers, time, and time periods, ist of counter suffixes, and conjugations of verbs. Il. Time Required to Complete the Lessons {Asa guideline, it should take students 46 hours to cover each lesson, and 150 hours to finish the entire book. IV. Vocabulary "The book presents approximately 1,000 words mainly ones used fiequenty in diy lie V. Kanji Usage ‘Wherever possible, kanji used in ths book have been selected from the lst of Kanji for Regular Use Joyo Kanji) announced by the Japanese Cabinet in 1981 41) {RES (words that are formed from two or more kanji and have a special reading) which appear inthe Appendix othe Joyo Kaji list are writen in kanji eg BS iend SEH suit HAE spectaces 2). Some kanji and readings not appearing i the Joyo Kanji list have been used in place names, people's names and other proper nouns, and in words from artistic, cultural and other specialised feds: cg Rh Osaka BR Nera SAE abu3) ‘To make the text easier to read, some words have been wen in kana even ‘hough they appear inthe Joye Kani eg b5G Bs) havent 7h. $05 (¥8) yesterday 4) Numbers are unaly shows as Arabic mers: eg 7% ninecclock 6TH istapit “F> one GB) probably VI. Miscellaneous 41) Words that ean be omitted are enclose in square brackets: eg, Biz 54 0RIT4. My father is 54 [yeas old). 2). Synonymous words nd expressions are enclosed in round brackets: eg HACK) whoHOW TO USE THIS BOOK EFFECTIVELY 4 Learn the words ‘The Translation and Grammar Notes introduces the new words for each lesson, Lear these new words by practising making short sentences with them 2. Practise the Sentence Patterns “Make sure you understand the meaning of each sentence patter, and do Exercises A and B aloud until the pattern becomes automatic, 3. Practise holding conversations Practise the sentonce pattems using the short ialogues given in Exercise C, but dost stop ‘there; carry on and extend te conversations. The conversations simulate everyday situations that students are likely to cncounter, and the best way of acquiring @ natural conversational shythm ist act out the conversations using gestures and facial expressions while listening tothe CD. 4. Check your understanding Back lesson ends with some practioe ‘questions which you should use to check that you have correctly understood the lesson, 5. Apply what you have learnt Try talking to Japanese people using the Japanese you have leamt. Applying what yout have leat right away, before you forget it is the quickest way to progress Learning Sequence for Each Lesson a rowan /\ race patie cia yo N aeriea | | Execie a 1 8 Exercise a Hreeee Senteoe Pate Comte ‘Sees Paes, | Example Sets, | Reviwandciece| |S : cmon] | NZ Stay the material by flowing ier Route (2) of Route). To make sure you cover all te key Teaming points, please check the Table of Key Leming Points et eer of this ookCHARACTERS Mike Miller Sato Keiko American, employee of IMC Japanese, employee of MC fe BN Jose Santos Maria Santos a Brazilian, employee of Brazil Air Brazilian, housewife Karina Wang Xue Indonesian, student at Fuji University Chinese, doctor at Kobe Hospital Yamada Ichiro Yamada Tomoko Jepanese, employee of IMC Japanese, bank lerMatsumoto Tadashi Matsumoto Yoshiko Kimura Izumi Japanese, Japanese, housewife Japanese, announcer department chief at IMC British, professor at Sakura University Karl Schmidt Lee Jin Ju German, Korean, Pl ‘engineer at Power Electric Company research worker at AKC Teresa Santos ‘Yamada Taro Brazilian, schoolgil (9 yrs), Japanese, schoolboy (8 yrs), daughter of Jose and Maria Santos son of Ichiro and Tomoko Yamada Gupta Thawaphon Indian, employee of IMC Thai, student at Japanese language school ‘IMC (computer software company) AKC (TIT it HEY 7 — : Asia Research Institute)CONTENTS GENERAL FEATURES OF JAPANESE “ 2 JAPANESE WRITING 5 INTRODUCTION Japanese Pronunciation . A 1. Classroom Language : — 7 IL. Everyday Greetings and Expressions 7 ‘TERMS USED FOR INSTRUCTION = KEY TO SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 9 Paeon 1 ~ [ 10 + Vocabulary WV, Grammar Notes rriescoriae LN NTH Sentence Pats and Example Sentences 2. Nilt Nal (Tl) HULHL Conversation: How do you do? BNE NTHH TL, Useful Words and Information ane Countries, People and 5.10 Ne Languages 6~ 8h Lesson 2 6 1, Vocabulary WV. Grammar Notes 1. Translation Loman ote Sentence Pater and Example Sentences 2.5 N/ZO N/M N Conversation: 3454 Thank you in advance for your 4. js. js kindness 5.MiO Ne TL, Useful Words and Information 6.0 substituting for anoun Family Names Be REITEOLesson 3 1 1. m. ‘Vocabulary Ww ‘Translation Sentence Patiems and Example Sentences Conversation: PU take it, please Useful Words and Information Department Store Lesson 4 i 1. m. Vocabulary w. ‘Translation Sentence tems and Example Sentences Conversation: What time are you open to? Useful Words and Information Telephone and Letters Lesson 5 ie 0 Vocabulary Ww. Translation Sentence Paters and Example Sentences Conversation: Does this train go to Koshien? Useful Words and Information National Holidays Grammar Notes LSS/EE/BES/ OBES 4BL/ DEE 2. Nit place C4 RCL ebb 4.NiO WN 5. The °/% Le system of emonsratives 6b~ 28 Grammar Notes LB 8-4 2VET/VERL/ VEL VEELTLA 3.N (time ANOS NET S.NIE No on Grammar Notes . LN (place) 7824 /RE4 Boat zest AERELTLE . 3.Nvehicle) t FSET RET, Goes 4.N (pervon‘snimal) © V BHLY ows LesttALesson 6 ~ I. 1 Vocabulary Translation Seatence Pairs and Example Sentences Conversation: Shall we go together? ‘Useful Words and Information Food Lesson 7 1. a. Vocabulary Translation Sentence Pater and Example Sentences Conversation: Welcome - Uselul Words and Information Family Lesson 8 i 1 Vocabulary ‘Translation Sentence Patterns and Example Sentences Conversation W's time we were going |= Useful Words and Information Colours and Tastes. + Grammar Notes LN V (teanstive) 2NE LET fe Leth 4th and tele 5.N (place) TV 6.VEEAE TEL LI B~m + Grammar Notes 1.N (ooVmeans) CV 2. ‘Word/Sentence’ it ~#8°C fete 3.Ni (person) i: Ne & HUFET, ete 4.Ni (person) = NE 8 HUET, ete 5.83 VELe 6. Omission of particles Grammar Notes LL Adjectives NIE adj LATE NIE adj OTH 3. adj N vag (M0) N aes Sethe) NIE C9 TTH INU ELE NCH ReicreLesson 9 1. Vocabulary wv. IL, Translation Sentence Pattems and Example Sentences Conversation: HE'S @ pltYene IL, Useful Words and Information Music, Sports and Films Lesson 10 - Vocabulary W. I Translation Sentence Patems and Example Sentences Conversation Do you have any nam pla? ML, Useful Words and Information Inside the House Lesson 11 1. Vocabulary W. I. Translation Sentence Paters and Example Seatenees Conversion: i'd lke to sendl this, please IL. Useful Words and Information ‘Menu Lesson 12 - Vocabulary w. IL, Translato Sentence Patterns end Example Sentences Conversation: How was the Gion Festival?” Tl, Useful Words and Information Festivals and Places of Note 38 Grammar Notes LNA BUST / DOU aT Neots cr Boer, ber Pet 2. tht 3 eons AES ILL Bt /8R 4nob. ~ SXGUT Grammar Notes LN BET /OET 2.Place l= NA HUET / VET BN phcels NET /0RT 4. Nu(thingpersoniplace) Ns (position) S.NIAY Na 6.TITART OTS » Grammar Notes Teo say numbers 2. How tose quanti 3. Quutifer lime pened © — i V 4 Quamier th NIE %6 Grammar Notes 1. Tense and affimativenegative forms of noun sentences and 4 -adjctve sentences 2, Tense and aimative/negative {Forms of -adjestve sentences BNE NEY ag TF ANE ME BGA ad) CF Ni ZN2O, 125 8 aj CF s.milo #) HY ate BBA ag CF Nib OBA ad TF 6.Adj (0 substituting for a noun)Lesson 13 1. Vocabulary I. Translation Senteace Patterns and Example Sentences Conversation: Separately, please Useful Words and Information Town Lesson 14 1, Voeabulary 1. Translation Sentence Patems and Example Sentences Conversation: To Midoricho, please Useful Words and Information Station Lesson 15 ~ 1. Voeabulary I. Translation Sentence Patterns and Example Sentences Conversation: ‘What family do you have? - Useful Words and Information ‘Occupations on 16 ~~ «Vocabulary 1. Translation ScutencePaterms and Example Sentences Conve: Please show me how to use it . Useful Words and Tnformati How to Use a Cash Mad - Grammay Note LNd RUTH AV 8 form fave- £m {i} 3 N(place)~ frase ghet Myer acco Ba + Grammar Notes 4.V Toformn S.V ET -form 2 6NeV TA HEELS - Grammar Notes LV T-form & Td 2.VToformit Wh EA. S.C -form 02> ANE V. S.NIE NE V + Grammar Notes 1 How to join two or more sentences together 2.ViT-form ab. Vi B.NUIE Nib adj 4NEV S.C9% oT 6.EH/ CONLesson 17 1. Vocabulary W 1. Translation Sentence Patems and Example Sentences Conversion: What seems to be the matter? ML, Useful Words and Information Body and Lesson 18 T.. Vocabulary W 1 ranstation Sentence Pattems und Example Sentences Conversion What do you like doing? I, Useful Words and Information Actions Lesson 19 1. Vocabulary W 1. Translation Sentence Ps lems end Example Sentences Conversation I'll start dieting tomorrow TL, Useful Words and Information Traditional Culture and Entertainment Lesson 20 1. Vocabulary W. 1. Translation Sentence Paster and Example Sentenses Conversation Shall we go together? UL. Useful Words and Information How to Address People 1a Grammar Notes LV te0-form DV EUsformeue CEE BVO -form VIE 2) EEL, AV PO -fom #6 TH OOTH 5. Making an object the topic ofa sentence 6.N (time ate y Grammar Notes Dictionary form of verbs 2.N } Vedictonary form = § * vset 3%: LO Boks }eor ; 5 us Grammar Notes a 2V A-form Sem byt 3.Videsform"). V2 -form") lat Av nagi (OM) ~ ¢ aaj A NE Grammar Notes Polite style and plain style 2. Proper use ofthe polite style or plain styl 3. Conversation in plain styleLesson 21 = Vocabulary - Translation Sentence Pater and Example Sentences \k 50, too Conversation: It IL Useful Words and Taformation Positions in Society Lesson 22 ~ 1. Vocabulary T. Translation Sentence Patterns and Example Sentences Conversation: What kind of flat are you looking for? IL, Useful Words and Information Clothes Lesson 23 s 1, Voeabulary IL, Translation Sentence Patems and Example Sentences Conversation: How do you get there? IL, Useful Words and Information Roads and Traffic 2 Sor munten | v doer v ° | pain form Pee wla8? 2a plain form N 4. Ni (place) T NVA YET 5.N (occasion) T 6NTEV TV form 9 ~ ~ 136 W. Grammar Notes 1. Noun modification 2. Yedictionary form ei Ree Vi4-fom® La 34 ve IV. Grammar Notes 1. Vedictionary form Vt. form te Vegi) mst) te-adj te No 2. Vadictionary form Vie-form 3. Veietionary form &, ~ (asincane) 4.N# ad 5.N€ motion }e2.~ CaineLesson 24 rns 148 1. Vocabulary Grammar Notes IL. Translation Laat Sentence Pttems and Example Sentences 2 aeT Conversion Vt efomm |b aT Shall | come and help? cnet Ml, Useful Words and Information B.NIIE NAV. Exchanging Gifts Lesson 25 ~ be 1. Vocabulary Grammar Notes 1. Translation 1. Plain past form 5. ~ (main clause) Sentence Paters and Example Sentences 2. forms. ~ (ain clause) Conversion: B.C form Thanks for everything View sform te 6 T 1. Useful Words and Information vag oud ecb b, ue) teagt—~e | ~toninsias Ne atl 5. Subject ofa subordinate clause jc and Subject 160 Article 2 : Clauses ~ 163 [APPENDICES T.. Numerals ~~ = 164 IL, Expressions of time 165 IL, Expressions of period 167 WV. Counter suffixes . 168 V.. Conjugations of verbs ~~ 170GENERAL FEATURES OF JAPANESE 1, Parts of Speech ‘The Japanese Language is composed of verbs, adjectives, nouns, adverbs, conjunctions, particles and other parts of speech, 2. Word Order In Japanese, prediates always come atthe end of a sentence, Modifiers always appear infront ofthe word(s) modified 3, Predicates Predicates ae formed ftom verbs, adjectives, nouns and C4 (#5). They i inglect according to, for example, whether they are (1) affmative or negative, 2) pastor ‘non-past. They do not inflect for person, gender ot number. 4, Particles. Particles are used after a word or atthe end of @ sentence. They indicate relationships between words and add various meanings, 5. Omission Subjects and objects are often omitted if they can be understood from the context, JAPANESE WRITING f ‘There are three types of script in Japanese: hiragana, katakana, and kanji (Chinese | characters), Hiragana and katakana are phonetic symbols purely representing sounds, while kanji | are ideographs, conveying meanings as well as sounds ' Japanese is usually written with a combination of hiragana, katakana, and kanji, with Jstakana used to write foreign names and loanwords and hiragana used to write particles and the grammaticl endings of verbs and adjectives, Romaji (the letters of the Roman alphabet) are also occasionally used to write Japanese (dhe names of train stations are one example) for the convenience of foreigners Hire are examples ofall four types of script we SA te Sf S24. oada ooa Me Tanaka is going tothe department store with Mr. Miller AR seks Oo * (O-kanji O=hiragana A~katakana ¥~romaji)INTRODUCTION Japanese Pronunciation 4. Kana and Mora Jepancse canbe writen phonetically in kana as shown below. ‘A ‘mors’ is a unit of sound equivalent in length t0 one Japanese kana (or two of the contacted sounds called yo-0, which are written with small Kans. “The Japanese language is bated on five vowel sounds: (2), ‘(0,9 (), 2 (0) and 50), “which are used alone or stached to either a consonant (eg. k* @= 4) ort a consonant pls the semi-vowel ¥' (eg, k+y +a= 4 e) (the only exception bsinga special mor, which is nt followed by 8 vowel) All of these sounds are or more or less equal in length when spoken, ©8, _—hiragana [°F katakana a romaii The aan eters nth gue on te rigt ate ot inthe ove ble | They ae wed wee sods WED | yg seastrgnl gamez | needed for se in loanworss. arti 2. Long vowels ‘Te five vowel sounds mentioned caer (%, $*, 7, 2 and #) constitute shor ‘vowels in Japanese, but they can be doubled in length (o two moras) to form ong ‘vowels. The meaning ofa wont changes acording tothe length of ts vowel() eg, BEEK (aund : BIZ A (gandmother) BUS A (uncle) | BEA A (geandiather) "8 (snow) | 5 3 (courage) A pitwe) 2. (yes) EB ake) | £854 (pass) SS there) ! £5 = (high school) Goo) | S129 (lan) Az K card) 972 = (wi) AXP (supermarket) ERMV=I= (escalator) / = (notebook) Note] 1) How to-write long vowels in hiragans: ‘To lengthen the vowels ofthe & -column, \*-column and 4 -columa, add Te orf 3 respectively, To lengthen the vowels ofthe & column, add [J (xceptions' 2 yes, 2 Tsay, BAA A older sister, and others). ‘Tolengthen the vowels ofthe #3-column, add [3 J exceptions: #450 big, 8450 many, C5 fa, and others). 2). How to write long vowels in katakana: ‘Tolengen any vowel in katakana, ed the symbol [— J. 3. Pronunciation of fy £ & Lis one mora long and never appears atthe beginning of a word. To make it easier to say, it is pronounced fn, nerf according to the sound that comes after it jefore sounds from the [#:-row) [ -row], [row] and [row iis pronounced i, eg, HEA f2\ opposite) AA 1 (everyone). @ Before sounds from the [it-row, TLf-row] and [ # row, itis pronounced fn, ce LAA newspaper) 2LU> (pencil) 9 L101 *(destiny),. @ Before sounds from the [row] and [4*-row|, itis pronounced fy, eg TLE (weather) HLA°< (study visi. £5 (spor) +L (tack)4, Pronunciation of > [24 is one mora long and appears before sounds from thet #-rowJ, [ owl, [#: -row | and [f-row J, When used in writing loanwords, itis also used before sounds in thet owl, 17 row], ete. e.g. 54 (aubordinate) : S24 (commodity pres) 0 Gio) | 42 8 (applause) BY (sound) : #2 E (husband) (23 Gary) Xa magazine) > (stamp) if (ull) 22 7lass) ~ (next month) ‘© Middle high (the pitch drops after the second mora) eg. ASEZ (egg) Uf=|5 & Gocroplane) 0 (teacher) ® Ending high (the pitch drops after the last mora) eg. Mr: Santos is also a company employee. Example Sentences 1. Are you [Mr] Mike Miller? ‘Yes, am [Mike Miller} 2. Are youa student, Me. Miller? ‘No, Tin not [a student. 3. IsMr. Wang a bank employee? ‘No, heist [a bank employee]. Hes & doctor. 4. Whos that [person]? “Thats Professor Watt. He's at Sakura University 5. IsMr. Gupta a company employee? he is {a company employee [Is Karina a company employee, 00? No, she's a student. 6, How old is Tera? ‘Shes nine [years old Conversation How do you do? Sato Good morning. Yamada: Good morning, Ms. Sat, this is Mike Miller: Miller: How do you do? Tm Mike Mile, Tm from America Pleased to most you. Sato Tim Keiko Sato. Nice to meet you.Ill, Useful Words and Information H+ A+ = Le Countries, People and Languages Comey pone _Langsgs TAIAWSA) Teak 8 ngs) 4E9RUK) rare Si engisy 4997 Gly) 499k 477% aia) 497 Goa) 47k 0 ib esi) 47 Fon) ark 2 fbn) AZERYT dati [4 RTE 278 (ines) 277+ Gam zenvk 17e ri anbi) 4=Abg IT (Amway | 4-x NIT Bi agit) #7 (Canada) ark Bs HE out Kore) wat 99279 F Gmainnbin | 9977 FETE YAR Singxpore) AAD (Spin) 4 (Taitnd) "FS (china) 14/4 (Geman Bex BURR Gapanese) 79 (Panes) 2a k 79 218 (eet) 749 E> (Philippines) zener 749 7 pina) 7258 uty aout 04 10 Gop
ot [Nouns used with €4 work as predicates, Besides indicating judgment or assertion, CF also shows politeness towards the listener. T'¥ inflects when the sentence is, nogatve (se 2. below) ori the past ens (see Lesson 12, @ bre B¥Kcr. ma company employee Ni NC e(TH) SVEEA | Ue (Cld) 1) 2484 inthe negative form of TF. Ce) $4 Lis fen wed ineveray conversation, while lt 4) £444 is wed informal speech and writing @ vyrzret HBr e ay v (era) y Ae Me, Santos isn'ta student. [Note] The It in Tit is pronounced > 3. [NENA] (asin 3 Particle ‘The particle # is used to express uncertiny, doubt, etc. onthe part of the speaker. A question can be formed simply by adding 4° to the end of @ sentence, A question ‘usually ends with a ising intonation, ‘Questions asking whether a statement is comect or not ‘This type of question is formed simply by adding 4 to the end of the statement, leaving the word order the same. The reply begins with 2\ ithe statement is agreed with and 1902 if is disagreed with @ rosuitrapers, ——t6MeMileran Ames? lo tayaker “ee omen @ 29 3hit EET. Ise era teach? ona, EEC Bye, ‘Questions with itorrogaives ‘An interrogatve replaces the part of the sentence that states what the speaker wants to ask about, The word order does not change, and # is added a the end @ 40 Fit venere ‘Who's that {person}? [so Fut] 29-2404. ‘Thats Me. Mile. ‘No, he isn't [a teacher}4. [N& 1 8] is used when the same thing applic as was stated previously skit BWR er, 777 8h BEECH, Mr Miles company employee. Me Guptis also a company employee NON, ‘When a noun N, modifis a following noun Ny © is used to connect the two nouns. In Lesson 1, N; represents an organisation or some kind of group to which Nz belongs @ 2F-3kit Co ART T. Me Milleris an IMC employee. £4 is added to the given name or family name ofthe listener ofa hid person to Show the speakers respect otha person. It should never be used withthe speaker's own name. 544 is added to small children's names instead of © 4. to indiate familiarity, @ bo Bit 27-8h04. That's Mr, Miller, ‘When refering directly to the listener, the word: (you) isnot generally used it the speaker knows th listener's name. The listener's given name or fanily name followed by $4 is usally wed @ Bk: 25-202 #8 cr, sum Aryasuleu Me Mile? 19-1 wk BAEC. Miler Nel woes company (Note) % & is used to address someone with whom one is very familiar, such as one's husband, wife, romantic partner, ee, Be careful about using it in ther situations, ast can sound impoliteBi 16 1. Vocabulary eh oo FE oot DAF ayean9— ae axe at FaaL- a-t- Lesson 2 this (hing here) that (hing near the listener) ‘hat (hing over there) this ~, this ~ here that ~, that ~ near the listener that ~, that ~ over there ook dictiontry magazine newspaper notebook ‘personal organiser business card (credit) card pencil ballpoint pen ‘mechanieel pencil, propelling pencil key ‘wateh, clock umbrella bag, briefease CD, compact dite television radio computer cat, vehicle desk chai chocolate coffeealae ccd Bee x ~8 oa ao 404 eae, [ej e) ayes [Seoat) zat Guat. b ip shoe BIBI UE, Sbelt LEAT LBL K (BHUOL ET). souvent, present the English language the Japanese language ~ language what Er. (wed to show hesitation) Oh? What! (used when hearing something unexpected) Here you are. (used when offering someone something) Thank you [very much 1 see, 1No, it snt/You are wrong, Oh! (used when becoming aware of something) Thank you in advance for your kkindes. Pleased to meet you, 10. (response 10 (2541 43L¢ (Bade +1)Translation Sentence Patterns 2 3 “This isa dictionary, ‘Thats my umbrella. ‘This book is mine Example Sentences 1 2 Is this a ballpoint pen? Yes, itis. Is that a notebook? ‘No, ita personal organiser. ‘What’ that? ‘fsa business card Isthis a9, ora7? sas, ‘What kind of magazine is that? Isa computer magazine. ‘Whose bag is that? fs Ms, Sato’ (bag). Is this yours, Mr. Miller? No, its not [mine]. ‘Whose is this key? As min. Conversation ‘Thank you in advance for your kindness Fehino Yamada: Yes, who is it? Santos Its Jose Santos, from 408. Santos: Hello, 'm Jose Santos. ‘ve just moved in here. (lit Thank you in sdvance for your kindness.) [Nice o mest you, Ichiro Yamada: Pleased to meet you, too. Santos: Here's some coffee for you (li: Umm... this is coffee, Please tke it) Tehiro Yamada: Thank you very much,Useful Words and Information 4 ii Family Names ‘Common Family Names in Japanese u 1) & ie a ih € by Kofi Sroka and Tassie Marya Agus 201 ‘When you move house, i i polite to introduce ‘yourself to your new neighbours and give them a «> smal gif, such as @ towel, soap or sweetsVv. 3 Grammar Notes SHER BH Sat, and #4 are demonstatives and work as nous, refers to something near the speaker. £4 refer to something near the listener. ‘trees to something distant from bo he speaker andthe listener © tat B¥etH, Is that a dictionary? @ saa Kno Sere, ‘Whose umbrella is this? 20 N720 N7bON SO, £0) and HO) modify nouns @ co fit beLort. This book is mine. @ ao Fit canes Who is that [person]? BA BO Eh, ef In a noun sentence, the word 4 is often used to answer (nthe affirmative) a question ‘requiring an affirmative or negative answer. The expression (d\\, %3-CT can be sed, © cnt dere. Is thata dictionary? lin. 5 Che “es tis. £4 4s not usually used when answering a question in the negative; itis more common to say 4°.» 4 (No, it isn't), followed by the correct answer, © thie EF—SLOTHH. ——Isthat Mi Miler? asa, Boats ‘No, it is, @ thik Se —-FS EAH. that mechanical pencil? ‘Noi aallpoin pen.4 [a me] ‘This isa question asking the listener to choose between two or more alternatives for the answer. In answering this type of question, itis usual to state the chosen alternative, without saying either 128 or V2, @ chitta) THM [71TH tebisadoraT? ach. wee 5. [NOW| oan xplned in Leno ts td comma wo nouns ad N, wien N nlite Tepes ter exh sone oer seo 1) Nremhie aS bon @ shit 37e5-9-0 ECF, Thisabookon computes, 2) Nindanes who owen, @ zhi baLo ¥er. Tisinmy tok 6. © substituting for a noun © can be used instead of noun that has already been mentioned (e.. intead of #1 Ain example ®), If placed aftr the noun (asin example @® , where it comes afer the noun £25 -¥A) , enables N; (ILA) nN ON, (FEFTLO HLA) tobe omited. ) is used as a replacement for things but not for peopl. ‘Whose bag is that? 1keMs. it's @ co withit BEROTHN. Isthistag yours? Lands HELOL SIRE ‘Noy tis (ine. @ rssh moe Liter. Does Me. Miller work at IMC? we Inco Hier. "Yes, he doc. x IO, MCOTT, 2. [Be The pref taco wo words when th sper is speaking oliely feg. LEI40UF. [8] 510). 8. [21tte This expression is used by the speaker to acknowledge some new information he ot she has just bee given. Is pronounced with fling intonation @ 20 €it azrorre. itis uma yous? wud, Bodh Vale hSLOTH No, itisnt Its Mrs tithe. Ob,Is2 Lesson 3 1. Vocabulary tere this place ‘her, that place nar he istener nee that place over there ee whee, what place 266 this way, ‘this place (polite equivalent of = =) 265 that way, that pice ner the tstener (polite equivalent of % =) bbe that wa that place over thee (polit quvaent of t=) ebb which way, where (polite equivalent of 2) B25l5 ex classroom Laced at ining hal canteen cble san office aFlo ait conference room, meeting room jitow ait reception desk ee lobby ne om room BAL (BTHEY) (BRO) toilet, rest room mae staircase EUS 9 1, elevator EAMV—9— escalator UCFEAM NS BOR ‘vending machine th as telephone handset, telephone cal Calc (ee ‘country pole oh company, 48 house, home6 # ADIL aAy aye cor ar -% sa ves th a + Bh a (BC) Faathe cite am Oba Looe, [ve] RET CHO. te (re) (Haw. APT BAR 29K venus yap xwyy HR shoes tie, necktie department, counter (in a department store, et.) basement sth floor what floor how much hundred thousand ven thousand Excuse me, Thanks. ‘Welcome May [help you? (a greeting to e customer or a guest entering 2 shop, ee) Please show me [~] wel, tae, in that case Give me {~], please. Italy Switzerland France Jakarta Bangkok Bertin pame ofa sation in OsakaHl. Translation Sentence Patterns 1. Thisis the cafeteria 2. The elevators over there # Example Sentences 1. Ts this Shin-Osaka? “Yes, itis. 2. Where's the toliet? Its over there, 3. Where's Mr. Yamada? ‘He's in the meeting room. 4. Where's the ofice? is over there, 5. Which county are you from? “America 6. Where are those shoes from? “They eHalan [shoe]. 24 7. How much is this watch? 1s 18,600 yea, Conversation Shop Assistant A: Maria Shop Assistant A: Maia Maria: Shop Assistant B Maca Shop Assistant B: Maia Shop Assistant B: Maria Ti take it, please Good aftemoon. it: Welcome) [Excuse me] Where's the wine department? son Basement Level ‘Thanks. Excuse me. Could you show me that bottle of wine, please? Yes, here you ae. ‘Where's this wine from? Its from Japan, How much is it? 1s 2,500 yen OK. TH take it, pleaseIll, Useful Words and Information Feb Department Store - a ~ PR es ch AS, aoaananoys ae Lahr: ‘We Lees a watches, spectacles ag dell. nese -*- SBA a wp BARS EERE ae furniture, kitchenware, electrical appliances aig Maw SPE men's wear yg WL 2H hades wear aR TI Hee oessores, cosmtios park, parking lotIV. Grammar Notes 1, [SE7RE7RES/ SBD RBDT BBD “The demonstatves ©, £5 and BEE refer to places, == indicates the place QS where te spesker is, the place where the listne is, and > a place distant oars crass Sierra and can also be sed a8 politer-sounding } & ‘ematves for = =, £2 and £2 [Note] When the speaker regards the ease ne pe whe ay th aes ged y eS <<. In this situation, €< indicates | place slghly distant fom whete they both % are, and 8 somewhere even further os e "Using tis sentence pater, youcan sats wher a place, thing o person is © how aecer. ‘The tilt is over there. ® Eau vier, ‘Tho teeptione ison the second foo. @ tbe ca bbe. Mr. Yamada is in his office. 3. (KE7veS 1S is used foraking “Where?” and 245 for “Which direction?” C5 & ca also be wed for asking “Wherein whic casei is poitr than = © show coer, Where's the toilet? beet 1es over ther. @ EVHPHi LEETHO. Whores he iN? BeETT ‘sin that deton. is over there)US and &5 5 are alo used for asking the name of the country, company, schoo! or other place or organisation to which someone belongs. 4. cannot be used in this case, 2% by is politer than & = © FR voce, ‘What school do you go to? @ Rk ceeere, ‘What company do you work for? [N2 §) ‘When Nis the rame of acomnty and N isthe mame of pod it ath Ns tnde int county. When N, ithe ame of «company and Nei the name of a Wen eking ware oy what company someting i ade @ chit Loo 97Ua-¥—CHe, Whereis this compuer made? / ‘What company i his complet rauety? : ead in Japan Ng-HRO 37 Ua 9—ete tts made by Power Eleee Company The < /4/4/ © system of demonstratives bate | Yeates] [ig Tae Tie ing eno ON Li6 | fe eee Dison? [28 | ptace (polite) | (ee “The prefix #3 is added to things related to the listener ora third party in order to show the speaker's respect toward that person. © (alla vaecre, ‘What country ate you from?1. Vocabulary baer ney lekbset raat Sh nilet Beye Fob E425 D5ULE RK ElLawe EE wom BS va HEA (£3) Been $03 aes BLA RIOT us Cath ers users Lesson 4 weet met weet Haat wale wbyay oe tka Bika get up, wake up sleep, g0 to bed ‘work take a res, taken holiday study finish department store Dank post office library art museum, art gallery ~ clock = minute halt ‘what time ‘what minute ‘am, moming pam, aftemoot ‘moming aytime, noon night, evening the day before yesterday yesterday today tomorrow the day after tomorrow this morning this evening, tonight rest, holiday, a day off lunchtimeLink aoe aon Bee BNL ace Wonae ota FuLae a6aae ALLE eae 52K BhLGE we ~Et ae {aio eye eyey mR oth a 8 em, #6 aga ARE aL ARE ene +88 aga ARE meeting, conference (~& LET hold a meeting) film, movie every morning every night every day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Priday Saturday Sunday what day ofthe week from ~ up to ~, until ~ and (used to connect nouns) ‘That's tough, isn't it? (used when expressing sympathy) number what number your place New York Beijing (GE) Los Angelos Londoa «fictitious Japanese restaurant «fictitious bank a fetitious library a fctitious ar galleryIl. Translation Sentence Patterns 1. Its five past four now. 2. I getup at six [otlock] every morning, 3. Istudied yesterday. Example Sentences 1. What ime ist now? Its ten past to. ‘What's the time in New York now? Ts ten past midnight 2. What days are you off work? ‘Saturdays and Sundays, 3. What are Apple Bank’s opening hours? From nine tll three 4. What ime do you usually goto bed? {1.2010 bed af eleven o'clock. 5, When do you start and finish studying every day? 1 stady from nine am until three pm, 6, Doyou work on Saturdays? No, Ident. 7. Did you study yesterday? No, I didnt, Conversation ‘What time are you open to? Miller Excuse me, what is Asuka's phone number? Sato: Asuka? It's 5275-2725, Miller: Thank you very much, ‘Asuka! staff member: Hello; Asuka here Miller: Excuse me, What time are you open to? "Asuka! sta’ member: Until ten. Miller: ‘What days ofthe week are you closed? ‘Asuka! staff member: Sundays Miller: 1 see. Thank youIIL. Useful Words and Inform: i -4iK Telephone and Letters in How to Use a Public Telephone DERthe —]Putevinsor GD Pressthe Hang up the receiver, acardinto umber.” \ receive. the slot. amie Public telephones accept only ¥10 coins, ¥ 100 cons, and telephone cards Ifyou putin a ¥ 100 coin, no change wil be returned, * Ifthe machine has stan button, pres it ater [AR ner ontnormcn ember 110 Bee police 119 firlambolance 117 sie 197 weather forecast, Aircctry inquires Cd ve witesn aires 768829 63% - ich ae BIS Y 405% D Take card or change it am).3. — v 1V. Grammar Notes 1 [Fa -F eo “To expres lime, the counter susxes (o'clock and (minutes) are placed ater the numbers. is ead Jv& ater 2, 5,7, or 9 and A. afer 1 3, 4, 6,8 and 10.1, 6,8 and 10 reread s*, 4 >, 18>, and L'@-> (E>) beferes (see Appendix). ‘Toauk the time, is placed in front of U or Std, © Bikers. ‘What time is itnow? TE OCH. sR 70, 2. [VET/VEEL/VELE/VERLTLE 1) V £4 works asa predicate. Using # ¥ shows politeness coward the lstene. @ boku SE WW Lay, 1 sty every dy. 2) V 2+ isused when a sentence expresses something habitual ora truth Tis also used ‘when a sentence expresses a behavior or event that will occur in the future. The table below shows its negative and past-tense forms. Non-past (future/present) Past “Riicmatve [BERT Breath Negative | BEREL BEEeLelhe | © BH ome Reet. getup at six every morning. © blz om keer. 1m going to get up at six tomorrow morning, © we ome Bein 1 got up at six this morning, 3) Verb question sentences are formed by putting # atthe end ofthe sentence, without changing the word order. When using an interogative, this is placed in the part ofthe ‘sentence that the speaker wants to ask about, When answering such questions, the verb in the question is repeated, %5°TF and 42+ (see Lesson 2) cannot be used when replying toa verb sentence question, © 203 HH LELAD. Did you study yesterday? (2, MRL Ut ‘Yes, I did (study. oR MES LERLT Le No, did't study] © a bg hisate, ‘What ime do you ge up inthe momings? Ratt. “fl getup at] six oclock. ‘The particle Ic is appended to a noun indicating time to indicate the time of occur- rence ofan action. © ob: Bear. getup at sicthiny.@ TRFE BES RELA, Team to Tapa onthe second of Fly (See Lesson 5) [Note 1] I: is not used with the following kinds of noun expressing ine: £29, 6A, 5827, $09, BUCY, HE, CLL, VE, BOSS, EOL, 2015, ELL ILS), Ch Um ILS), BULB ILS), 09 G5), HAH OWS), SKFOCS), HLS), SELLS), BULLS), F209), 6 @ 295 WH LILA. 1 studied yesterday {Note 2} With he following nouns, the we of aed aeRO TEES © Bbc) RAs feet. Trngong to Nara. on Sunday. (See Lesson 5) optional: . (NPS NET 1) #4 indicates a starting time or pace, and # T indicates finishing time or place @ oho mec BW Let. — Isudytomg005, @ Rikny PR ec salt pour, Ittakes ree hours fom Osaka to Tokyo. (See Lesson 11) and 2 T are no always used together 2 wb @ ohm, Waar I start work at nine. 3) To indicate the starting or finishing timeldate ofa noun introduced as atopic, ~6° WET. ort b~d Toan be used with [TF] atached @ Kit gees sabe ce+. —Thebank’s open from9 103. @ Bkau radeoee, ‘The lunch break starts a 12. 5. [NEN ‘The particle & connects two nouns in coordinate relation © Kio Ka Ladbe Saocs, ‘The bank is closed on Saturdays and Sundays. 6 [=a The parle 1a in atached to he ed o Sentence and is we to elit aproment from te tenet chdk athe ener has underston,o mpbasie someting te lstener @ FE obec BH Let. taulysitincvoyy aera, Thats tough ti @ WbsL0 AEB 071 0 os19cr. telephone nanber i 71-6813 8710 6813 tht, 1.6813,1. Vocabulary weer sat Ayer Bord Roe ae vse ae The Bete LA b hth WK ead etkLe BaOT Borte ark Selig beak ved thnk 40 thio Lesson 5 eat D Ret come wat ‘go home, return Fe school supermarket x sation ett aeroplane splane © ship se elect tain sete undergroan, subway ae the Shinkansen, th bullet train bs taxi ane cyst BOT on fot A person, people Ke fiend & he, boytiend, over ite she, grind, over Rk family =Kt lone by onset na last weok oa this we xa next woe A last month oA this month aA next month Be ast year this year ae next year —* th year me what your “A -th mont ofthe year mn ‘iat monthaks fist day ofthe month 1a 24 second, two days 34 ‘thing, three days a) fourth, four days or) fit, five days 68 sixth, sx days 78 seventh, seven days 8a cighth eight days 9a ninth, nine days 108 tenth, ten days 148 fourteenth, fourteen days 208 tmrentets, twenty days 268 ‘twenty-fourth, twenty-four days 5 “th day ofthe month, ~ day(s) a ‘which day of the month, how many ays we when AACA wee birthday 25th Yes, itis. (ese) Bynes SEOELES ‘Thank you very mech. aut You're welcome Don't mention it platform ~ , th platform next local (ain) pid express Bia ‘name of a town near Osaka Kaa ‘Osaka Castle, famous caste in OsakaTransl; Sentence Patterns 1 2, 3 1 fam going to] go w Kyoto. 1 fam going to] go home by taxi 1 came to Jepan with my family. Example Sentences 1 ‘Where are you going tomorrow’? [Him going] to Nara ‘Where did you go on Sunday? I didat go anywhere, How are you getting to Tokyo? {1m going] on the bullet tain. ‘Who are you going to Tokyo with? [i'm going with] Mr. Yamada. ‘When did you arrive in Japan? [arrived] on the twenty-fifth of March ‘When's your birthday? [Je on] the thirteenth of June, Conversation Does this train go to Koshien? Santos: Excuse me. How much isto Koshien? ‘Woman: 1fs350 yen, Santos: 350 yen? Thank you, Woman: You're weloome. Santos: Station attendant: Number 5. Santos: ‘Thanks. Santos: Excuse me, does this tain go to Koshiea?? Man No, the nex local train does. Santos: 1, Ise. Thanks, Excuse me, which platform for Keshien, please?Useful Words and Information RA National Holidays New Year's Day Coming-of Age Day 2 National Foundation Day a Veal Equinox Day Showa Day 38 BBE — constitution Memorial Day a Saas LYE Greenery Dry my fat THR ARE Bow — MarineDay TABS ABE« FEO —— Respeceforse-Aged Day 9 asi» KHOR —Avumnst Equinox Dey grew Se 10H 2 FG EXoe — Heakinand Sports Day RES W538 Fio8 comedy eS 114238 ‘43H A Labour Thanksgiving Day 124238 KRW A the Emperors Birthday * Varies ftom yearo year ** The second Monday 8 The third Monday Uap rest tee Sindy bowing Monty natin | L “The week from 29th Apei to Sth May, which contains w series of holidays is called 7— | |e Deo neue eeccmpecrane berber erst | | teatro 'IV. Grammar Notes JA TEST /RET/ MET ‘When a verb indicates movement to certain place, the particle ~ is put after the place noun to show the direction ofthe move. os © “Ri Heat, Tm going to Kyoto. @ BE daLA. {came to Japan. @ 34. Huse Tm going home. (Note) The particle ~ is read & 2 VSN G ESE TERUATLA ‘When you want to deny everything covered by anintrrogative, you atach the particle to the interogatve and pu the ver in its negative frm, @ LoiNb HesHL. —tmnotgoing anywhere. @ He Rxtue. Tm not going o eat anything, (ee Lesson 6) © ene RtHeeLAL ‘Nobody came, N(vehicle) ¢ P82 4/48 1/8) EF The particle T indicates @ means or method. The speaker ataches it after a noun representing a vehicle and uses together with «movement ver onda his oe het sens of tanspor. © EXe tees. 1m going by train, @ s72-t keke Teame by taxi ‘When aking about watkng somewhere the peak ses he expresion SC tn this eas, he pate isnot sed © Roo Bor uaz 4. [N(person/animal) © V ‘When talking about doing something with a person or an animal, the person or animal is marked with the patile & @ Ee BES RelA. —teameto Japan with my family, If doing something by oneself, the expression (1% !)T is used. In this case, the particle & isnot used. ® The WHS EEF. tmgoing to Tokyo onmy owe. | walked home from the station,Ts] wey ‘To ask about time, intenogatives using 4, such as AC, TAL FF and te dt? S*LAC% ae used. The interrogative ‘> (when) is also used to ask when something wll happen or happened. > does not take the particle! @ wo BE dale. ‘When yon come aan? SA 258K RELA. {I came ] on 25th March. © 0 BES Beate, ‘When are 0 goingo Hirsh? 2M fees. tin going et week “he pre ie placed th end of sentence. is sed to emp nferaton hc the ner dos no now, ot show hat he speakers vn is her Jaden of vw aservely @ co Mi Vis Hgete, woe HaFek, ROHR CFL. Dow inn go Kein? Wo, isda ou ned the net ea, @ RSH ho ncae vate. “There area lot of horses in Hokkaido, you know. (See Lesson 18.) ® ZITA, LO TART INHL, BULOTHES Maria, this ice exeam is very nice, you know. (See Lesson 19.) <5tth ‘The expression & 4 T4 #0 is used to express sympathy or agreement with what the speaker has said. Iti similar to the expression 4 T4'% (see Lesson 2-8), but while 3 T4# is used by a speaker to acknowledge the receipt of some new information, % C44 is used to show sympathy of agreement with something the speaker already thought or knew. ® alee Haicra, Its Sunday tomorrow, is it? b. eI, ‘Oh, yes, 50 itisLesson 6 1. Vocabulary aat exat et onet Kast dink | i POET AWC EN) aat smoke [a cigarette} I set Rat ‘see, look at, watch | saat meat or itn | 2aet mast read | eset e2at write 8:2 can also meanio daw | ox pint, but inthis case itis writen | wth hagann inhi boo) | mort moet buy | coat met ‘take [a photograph) | (Leleen) EX) | il Lat 4, play | |! Bet BEF (KC~] moet [a friend] { i (eater ziak a meal, cooked rice i HEC MTL breakfast } BONA BLL Tunch_ are mri = ay tread nae ra ces a ‘meat . & fish ' aH ‘vogetable | | a frit x rater i BR tea, green tea i ae black ica { +h milk | ince ii ‘beer i Celeit tala alcohol, Japanese tice wine i rigs tobacco, cigarette+6 co ee & eb me Lie cts we tena (elites wobek baok eace ae ehh aR wort, pryal gi Here, Un te (alt ARYT See 73738 deter report Photograph ‘video {tape}, video deck shop, tore sande homework (~€ Lt: do bomewort) tennis (~& LF : play tennis) soccer, football (~& L# : play soccer) cherry-blossom viewing (~® LE “view the chery blossoms) what together itl while, itl bit alays, usually after tha, and then yes That's good. see, Yes? (lit Whats it?) See you tomorow} Mexico a fictitious department store fictitious restaurant a fictitious supermarket a fictitious supermarketMl. Translation Sentence Patterns 1 2 3. 4 1 fam going to] read a book. 1 fam going to] buy a newspaper a tho station. Shall we go to Kobe together? Lot's take a bit of break, Example Sentences Do you drink aleohol? ‘No, I don't. ‘What do you usually have to eat in the morning? ‘Thave bread and eggs. ‘What did you have to eat this morning? 1 didnt have anything ‘What did you do on Saturday? 1 studied Japanese, then I watched a film with some frends. ‘Where did you buy that bag? [U bought it] in Mexico. Shall we play tennis tomorrow? “Yes that would be great Lets meet atthe station tomorrow atten o'clock. OK. Conversation Shall we go together? Seto: Mr. Miler Miller: Yes? Sato: Tm going to see the chery blossoms tomorrow with some fiends, Would you Tike to come with us, Mr. Miller? Mille: That sounds good. Where are you going? Sato: ~ Osaka Castle. ‘Miler: What time shall we go? Sato: Lets meet at Osaka Station at ten o'elock Milles: OK. Sato; See you tomorrow, then,4) reat 5S suowbory #8 psrimmon peach Actrk. mandarin orange Vegetable) 405) cocumber beh tomato at subogine, egptant By boas cabiage spring onion, sion spe F896 watermelon VAT opp banane a 7 grape Chines cabbage spinach poate eof Sapanese ais chicken ‘al ‘ren BU porsemuckerd — ELF salmon AUF lob, sing © Eheve sastine ECB im IC wb sea bream oA eutleish, si AUC cache! SAF mackerel pike cad fe octopus “apo pends impor fr are a lf of sd Fd etc} devas flows: eval 59% vopetables 8% fut 1%, mca 36% and eto 6%. { (20, Minty of Asc, Foret nd Fisheries). The seauficeny me off rice 's staple food) is 100%, iq 4 Grammar Notes 1N€ V(ransitive) ‘The paticle © is used to indicate the direct object ofa transitive ve, © ya-ne Kart, 1 drink juice. [Note] € is used only in writing the particle. Ne LET ‘A fairly wide range of nouns are used as the objects ofthe verb L +, which means that the action denoted by the noun is performed. Some examples are shown below. 1) Play sport or games, oA—E LAF playsoccer 377" LET play cards 2) Hold gatherings or events HOF 4~€ LED giveapaty Bike LEF poldameting 3) Do something Bae Let dotomvok bie LAF wok dae vat atmo 3. [Me Late ‘Thisis a quesGon to ask shout someone's actions @ RHE He Leto, WatwoyodbingooMonda? Bs feet. Tm going to Kyoto. @ 804 HE CELA — Whatdid youdo yesterday? YA % LEU, ol played svcee 4, [ek and & Both ‘£4 and #21 mean ‘what ‘44 is used in te following eases: 1D When it precedes a word whose fist sound isin the 2, # or * rw. @ ent Keres ‘What's that? @ Ho ¥ers, ‘Whats that book about? @ he sac. He Boate, ‘What do you say bere going tobe? (See Lesson 2.) @ Br @K~ Hee44. Howare you getting to Tokyo? (Note) % 4. T is used for asking ‘Why?’ as well as ‘How? *!=T can be used when. {he speaker wants o make it clea tht he or she is asking ‘How? @ Be PKA Feet, Howse yougeting to Tokyo? Hie fiset. ‘Tm going on the Shinkansen.2) When using itwith «counter suffix. @ FL—¥bekit HRT. — How old is Teresa? “IC is used inall other cases apart from 1) and 2). @ fe Rost, ‘What er you going to buy? 5. [Niplace) TV | ‘When added ater a noun denoting a place, the particle indicates the occurence of an action in that place ® Re Hite Roer, 1m going to buy a paper atthe station 6. [vaece] This expression i used when the speaker wants to iavite someone to do something, @ vol ak HHA F324 L4, Would you lke to come to Kyoto with us? AR WUT “Yes, that’ nie idea 7. [WEla3 ‘This expression is used when a speaker is positively inviting the listener to do something with the speaker. It is also used when responding positively to an invitation. @ broe Kaaled. Lets take a break. @ vols Brace Rce(CW) BOREL] ROC eutT ‘Questions using adjective sentences are formed in the same way as those using noun sentences (see Lesson 1) and verb sentences (see Lesson 4). To answer such a ‘question, the adjective is repeated. Expressions such as £5°C or 540.34 ‘cannot be used © xvi Boers, sit cold in Beijing? sta Rereye "es, its [eld]. © RAR cxeerTH, Is Nara Park busy? WR EERIE BURL, No, ian busy) -adj & N vy adj (9) N ‘When an adjective is used to modify a noun, itis placed in frat of the noun. “adjectives keep their % in this ase.© 77 btE bie E¥er. ‘Mr. Watt is # considerate teaches, @ #ika Bo tier, Mt. Pajiis high mountain, ‘connects two statements in an antithetical relationship. When these are adjective clauses with the same subject, ifthe initial clause remarks on the subject positively, the subsequent clause will remark on it negatively, and vice versa @ Bo és porocrn, Bees, Japanese fod is delicious, but its expensive. 5. [Ete 7bF4] ETE and HEI are both adverbs of degre, and both come before the adjectives they modify, © T & is used in affirmative sentences, and means ‘very. #4, used ‘witha negative, means ‘not very @ seit ete Rocr, Being is very cod @ ca eve HBe RAH. This is avery farmous movie. @ veveqie HE) Rewoes, Shanghai isnot very cold. @ x(okHu agy FBx KE ve suede, Sakura University is not avery well-known university 6. [Nik 5 CTH ‘The question NIE. 9 T44> is used to inguire about the listeners impression, ‘opinion oF feelings about a thing, place, person, ee. that he or she has experienced, Mh or et © Biko B¥u cicre. ow do you Sadie in oan? RLoett. Tes fun. 7. (Nit ELEN TH) 4% moles a non and is an ineropative wed fo initng abut the sate o pete of pron tig @ Fa con Here, ‘What sort of town is Nara? Bu Hes. Jtsanold town 8. (zi ttn] The use ofthe expression £3 74H to express agreement or sympathy was explained in Lesson 5. The © 3 T-¥ 2 that appears in the Conversation af his lesson Shows that the speakers thinking, sin @ blow. @ shea ciety. How's your work going? 49TH, HE LOttas BELSUTH. Wel its busy, but if ineresting 2se |. Vocabulary bevet ayar rate) apule] ca srta) U4] ALO y2a9 ait vied FUR yess BLA Dex ayeoh ake ase a c Pat Date bt o-ztt cane ben Prob te ‘3 RAL Lesson 9 sndertand have 8st) ‘ike OCG) dislike tte) ‘good at Fela) ‘Poor at nat Anke a ish (cooked food), cooking (~€ L2+ : cook) sport (UE : play sports) SR baseball (~ L#+ : play baseball) dance (~€ L2+: dance) aT trip, tour (~[€] L#+ : travel, rake a tp) oR music: ® song classical music jez concert terake wk Kabuld (traditional Japanese musical drama) ® str, dowing ¥ letter, character RE Chinese character himgana seit katana scrip pose the Roman sphabst fee be smal change ticket mA time ne something todo, erand HOR appointment, promise (8) U #4 : promise)THSt Sidejob (~& LA: work paresine) Slate TBA (Someone else's) husband Bot/Lolh REA (ay) husband Bish REL (Someone else's) wife oa oee 2/Rn (any) wite ott Fee tld well, much mostly, roughly many, much aL a litle, afew aR not at all (used with negatives) BG ARG catty, quickly, fast, because ~ why Please lend (it to me), SureCertainly, BY Tm sorry {, but), unfortunately ob Won't you join me (us)? [+1 is abit difficult. (a euphemism ‘used when declining an invitation) DoT. So you cant (come)? th $m pROLEt. Please ask me again some other time. (used when refusing an invitation indirectly, considering someone's feelings)|. Translation Sentence Patterns 1 Like Italian food. 2. Lean understand abt of Japanese 3, Itsmy son's (daughter's) birthday today, so Tm going home early. Example Sentences 1. Do you like alcohol? "No, I dont like i] 2. What spots do you like? like soccer. 3. Is Karine good at painting? “Yes, she's very good, 4. Do you understand Indonesian, Ms. Tanaka? "No, not at all 5. Do you have any small change? ‘No, I dott 6. Doyou read the newspaper every morning? "No, I dont; I doa't have time. 7. Why did you go home early yesterday? “Because there was something I had todo. Conversation Hts. a pltyien Kimura: Yes? ‘Miller: Is that Ms, Kimura? This is Mike Miller, ‘Kimura: Oh, Mr. Miller. Good evening. Are you well? Miller: Yes, 'm fine. ‘Umm... Ms. Kimura, would you like fo come to classical concert with me? ‘Kimura: That sounds nice, When isi? Miller: Next week; om Priday evening. Kimura: Friday? Friday evening's not so good for me. Milles: So.you cant come? Kimura: No, ifs pity, but ve arranged to meet some fiends... Miller: Ise. Kimura: Yes, Please ask me another time,Ill. Useful Words and Information PR xR - Bi Music, Sports and Films ay &§ wy wee $8 mae A Xd runs rea [e sae rok heer juz Tad cartoon Lsioamercan — || £%.42°91)— documentary | classical ae romance fo LAF I— — myptery . cadonn Jpanese | |3E fintaedenrcaseme | popularsongs | | BS war = musical 172 ay scion Ss —— ca ay vet = BS erty sees ream ey ise a wilotat EE ne ry Rn ttt non ng Fen ni ek ining HONy7 toting oo shine skatinge IV. Grammar Notes a [Na HVT / HOV ET NAHE CH MOTH / ES CH / FECT “The objects ofsome verbs and adjectives are markd wth #, © prLia ay 7 Ho Heer, Tike talian food @ brLia BRK HOV ET. understand Japanese, @ bruit Ha suet. Thave acar 2. [Chu N Ia ldo eons expe in Lesn 8, quston suet wng 2 ty ldo ug pec tane © Lhe adore SETH, Whatgomdoyo ite gonna Hect. ibe ese ‘These adverbs are placed before verbs to modify them. ‘Adverbs of does ‘Advetbs of quantity Usedwihanatimaive |< bOV ET [RCSL HUET St ba ET FIL AUET L_bagat Usciwihancguive [HEY bOYLEL BET BVEEL HAHA bINREL | ELEL BUZRK © Bax cc pever. ‘understand English well © Rio Fe mover, understand English a litle, @ Rio by bryaee, {dont understand English very well, © Bhs ncen ayer. have a lot of money. @ BBs BR syste, 1 don't have any money. (Note) 7 = Ly A224 and & ean lso modify adjectives. @ sce FL Rc, Is alte cold here. © 40 tis BE wea caves, ‘Tha lm i not at all interestinga. [Ebb ~ -Astatement before #% gives the reason for a statement art @ Hike Dy stcos, Hille hosed, dont read newspapers becase I dot have time It is also possible to state someshing anda the reason afer iby ading ~ 9° @ BH Hite Baste. Wk, RAE EL, Slat BY EE LIS. Do you read a newspaper every moming? ‘No, dot. dn ave tie. 5. [Y5LT] “The imerogative 4 L is ured to as the reason for something. #F is placed st the end ofthe reply giving the reason. ® x i Mithe hazece, aia SUELO, ‘Whi dont you read newspaper inthe momings? ‘Because I doit ave time. The question &9 L TCs used to ask the reason for something the other poeson has just sai, instead of repeating what they sid @s au Fe oar, Tm going home early today. colette. Why? Fxt0 BLA crab, Because its my son's (daughter's) birthday.1. Vocabul ayer oat waosle) Beso Ue BLYO VE BELO S BLYo = Lesson 10 BOK OK BOF kOe aag +e my ao ea ~E a exist, be (referring to inanimate things) ‘exist, be (refering to animate things) boy itl dog panda elephant eee, wood thing battery box switch refiigerator table bed shelf oor window postbox, msilbox building cash machine, ATM (Automatic Teor Machine) convenience store park café, coe shop ~ shop, ~ store fixed place to cach taxis, tains, ete. prefectureBABSEMS Sab (e548) THEeh. +7: wns wale F TITAS ‘on, above, over “under, below, Beneath font, before back, behind right [side] left (sie) i, inside outside next, next door ear, vicinity between, among ~y~yand soon ‘Thank you, sam pla comer, section the bottom ‘Tokyo Disneyland a fictitious supermarcetTranslation Sentence Patterns “There's a convenience store over there, Ms. Sat'sin the lobby. Tokyo Disneyland’ in Chiba prefecture. My familys in New York. nr Example Sentences 1. Istherea cash machine in this building? ‘¥s, ison the second floor. 2. You see that man over there? Who is he? ‘That's Mr. Matsumoto from IMC, 3. Who’ in the garden? ‘Nobody. There's a cat there 4. Wha’ inthe box? ‘Some old letters, photographs and other stuff 5. Where's the post office? ‘fs near the station, infront ofthe bank, 6. Where's Mr. Miller? ‘He's in the meeting room, a } Do you have any nam pla? | witer Eee ner fia Soe? ! ' Woman Asi Store? ‘You see that white building over there? Is in that building, Miller 1 see. Thank you. Woman: Not atall -Bxcuse me, do-you have any nam pla? Yes ‘There's a Thai food section over ther. ‘The nam pla’ right a the bottom, Miller: 1 see, Thanks.Ill. Useful Words and Information 350 * Inside the House eee OE enzanconan dining rom Qty wwte living oom 5:45 bathroom bedroom @ Hier} washroom bal OBR — kitchen balcony CE owt ses saps ah (©Wash and rinse yourself @ Soup and sbampoo __ @ When you go out ofthe inthe tied area before should never be used in bathroom, leave the bath ‘eting into thebath. the bath. The bathis for full oot water and cover warming yourselfand itso iestays hot forthe relaxing ‘ext person. | How to Use the Toilet Japanese-style Wester a. €Grammar Notes Na BYRT CET YET and 104 F indicate the existence of a thing, person, ec. Since a sentence sng these simply tells te listener that a thing or person exists, the nown representing that thing or person is marked by 1) 4127 isused when whats presenti inanimate and canna move by ise, suchas Plants and objects @ 2yea-9-# HET. Theresa computer @ We suar. Thee re chery ee © Bile ayer. ‘There's a park. 2) 0 + is used when what is present is animate and can move by itself, ike people sd snial, © Bo Kavar ‘There's a man, © Reever ‘Theresa dog. This sentence form i usd to sy what or who sin cet place. 1) Te pail - i sed to mark th place wher he hing peso © belo BE WH KYAT. Theresa desk in my 00m. © He 9 3k4 eT. Me Millers inthe office, 2) The interrogative 41> is used when asking what is present, while the interrogative 72h is used when asking whois present © he Ha syete, ‘What’ inthe basement? VARIN BET, ‘Thor's arestaurant © BAe paw vate. ‘Who's at the reception desk? AA ELIE T. eM, Kimura is {Note] Remember tha the particle used after an nterogatve always (ettcis FR) Nid pace HUET ORT “This ype of sentence kes the noun (he thing hat exists) of. Place (= N #6 #1) 4/08 + as ts topic and talks about its existence, The noun is positioned at the ead of the sentence and is marked wit Ta this cae, the noun most be someting that bot the speaker andthe listener ae aware of © Rei xs—ov et HM aver. “Tokyo Disneyland isin Chiba prefer. © 27-thit SoHE wat. Mr. Miller is in the office. @ PH ¥.Ka-9y Ie LCI HYSTA, Where's Tokyo Disneyland?48K avast. “ts in Chiba prefecture, e ‘Where's Mr Miler? Mate He's inthe offic. (Note) This sentence form can be replaced with N (2 place T+ (Gee Lesson 3) [Note tha the intrrogative (X=) or N (% (£14) which comes before C7 and represents the place is not marked by I= in his case, @ RR ey x=-97 Kit LOTTO, When's Tokyo Disneyland? thier. Is in Chi prefecture. N,(thing/person/place) ON, (position When the noun N; represents direction or a position,eg. FA, LAL FR, IL BBE, VEY, BH, EE, EGY, BAK of UE, it shows a positional relationship with Ny @ Wo Ec Eko ayer. ‘There's a photograph on the desk. © HWS is Hito Wie SyzT, — Thepostoticeis next to the bank. @ KB Be zo We au ad, “The bookshop is between the Horst and the supermarket. (Note) Inthe same way as with nouns representing place, the location of an action ‘an be indicated by attaching the particle to these. @ Ro or RR Avan. met friend near the station. a ‘saion when enumerating list of nouns. In contrast otis, the particle ® i wed when only a few (two oF more) represenative items are enumerated. is sometimes put te the last noun to make it clear thatthe speaker has not mentioned al th nouns that could be onthe list. @ Ho Bic Hike Eko ovat. ‘There ae some Iter, photographs and other @ ho Bc Fhe Bkora guar. “There sesame eter, photograph another things inthe box ings in the box, TAT ART CTH ‘The following dialogue occurs at the beginning ofthis Lesson’s conversation: @ FARUL, TITAPT YoTt TITART TH, CPB) bO EMO Sey, Excuse me, where is Asia Store? “Asia Store? (Sentence omitted) Its in that building Tn actual conversation, people often do nat reply immediately to question they have been asked, but first confirm the main point ofthe question in this way|. Vocabulary wad [2et9e] Oat [eghe~) oat eraRt Lostwend BURL ot av-1942) TAI R—e Bot (nas BILG yeale [artes] [aca] that (eae~) 19 20 3° 40 52 62 7° Bo 95 10 1A 24 “A -6 -H -3 ot st ae Su Lesson 11 have [a chil] stay, be [ia Japan] take, cost (cefering to time or money) take a day off work] one (used when counting things) wo thee four five eight tea how many one person two people — people (Counter for machines, cars, et.) (Counter for paper, stamps, ee.) ~ times apple ‘mandarin orange sandwich couty [with rice} postage stamp postcard ceavelope parents brothers and sisters (amy) elder brotherBIE ab BHASL BIE BEGETLS wbae we seees parce Vy aca 29% mun - Laie <6 ~nk ~ ob Lodo LEV ELL am oo RCTS Bhoere, bro ~ee. Hotbolen How tate HER 7 -—) BBOLET. FORbIIT are sen aM -oF aee “Gomeone else's) elder brother (any) elder sister ‘Gomeone else's) elder sister (amy) younger brother (Gomeone else's) younger brother (ny) younger sister (Gomneone else's) younger sister foreign country foreign student clas = hour(s) — week(s) — month(s) = years) about ~ how tong intotal all, everything, everyone only ~ Certainly, (Sin Madam). [Nice weather, isnt it? ‘Are you going out? Tim just going to ~, See you later/So long. (lit. Go and ‘come back.) See you later/S0 long, (lit. 'm going and coming back.) sea mail small Please, (lt. ask fora favour) Astraliaes Il, Translation Sentence Patterns 1. There ae seven tables inthe meeting 00m, 2. Til be (Ive been) in Tepan for one yea. Example Sentences 1. How many apples did you buy? bought) four 2. Five cighty-yen stamps and two postcard, please. Certainly. Thal be five hundred yen altogether. 3. Are there any foreign lectarers at Fuji University? Yes, there are three. They're all American, 4. How many brothers and sisters do you have? Thre. (li:Four including me.) Two elder sisters and one elder broher 5. How many times a week do you play tennis? [Lplay] about rice 6. How long have you been studying Spanish, Me. Tanaka? [f've been studying it for] tree months (Only three months? You'e very good at it, arent you? 17. How tong does it take from Osaka to Tokyo on the ble rain? [Ut takes) two and a half hours. Conversation {fa like to sendy this, please Janitor: Lovely weather, isnt it? Are you going out? Wang: ‘Yes, justo the post office. Jasitor: Are you? See you later, Wang: ‘See you. Wang: TA like to send this to Australia, please. Post OMe Clerk: “OF course. Sea mail, or airmail? Wang: How much is airmail? Post Ofice Clerk: It's] ¥7,600. Wang: ‘And sea mail? Post Office Clerk: [ts] 33,450, Wang: How long does it take? Post Office clerk: Around seven days by ar and two months by sea ‘Wang: All igh, 1 send it by sea mail, plese,Ill, Useful Words and Informati x setmeal este tye set meal bow of rie with ed seafood and vegetables bow ofc with chicken sd eos bow! ofrce with beet alld net sautéed vegetables kes nso sop Sed seafood and veges vicar ic witha fish Japanese noodles made oes ‘whet four Japanese aoodis made from achat our Chinese woods in soup with ‘meat and vegeables Chinese sticfted nodes ‘with pork and vegetables typeof pancake grilled wit rest, vegabe ad gg AYA PY EA oF b=zh ~~ ant— 227 Yank 3-9 cary wih ice Inmburg steak rogue fied timp fied chicken salad 0 spaghet vier mbar sandwich Le cee black ex ince BGrammar Notes 1, How to say numbers 1) The words 0-2, 5.72, “~~ are used to count things up to 10, The mumbers ‘themselves are used when counting things ftom 11 and higher 2) Counter suffixes ‘When counting people and things, various diferent counter suffixes are sed depending ‘0a what is being counted, = Peopi, except for one and two. One person is counted & ) (TR), and ‘wo people are counted ss!) (2°), 4 is pronounced I= A ‘machines and vehicles ‘thin, fat things suchas paper, shirts, dishes, and CDs frequency, numberof times ‘minutes hours days (Thisis te same as for dates, but 1 2 is pronounced \ i %, nat 2.426, weeks ‘months - — 2. How to use quantifiers 1) Quantifers (numbers with counter sufixes) are usally put straight afer the noun + particle that determines the type of quantifier. However, this isnot slways the case with length of time. © Ykre > KZA, — Vooushe fourapples, @ Hel Ko PEs FR e+, There are two foreign students. @ Bicowh Gee WH ELA. | studied Japanese for two months in my home country 2) Asking howmany—— aio ‘The word \ (> is used when asking how many there are ofthe items counted by the ‘method explained in 1-1). © APLE Oho Hoe Bo fee (2) 24+ counter sutfix 24+ counter suf i used when asking how many there are of things with a counter suffix attached asin 1-2). /. How many mandarin oranges did you buy? {Ubouehi} eight© so Bike RLo WE wat, skuet ow many fig epee the in company? " terns) te © BH YAH se GH Lree. oat gi Ler. How my hous ou say anes ee ih? rly wu © tone Zo ( bev wk he lengh oftine wna kes © cognate WA LEC sews CaL ‘How long did you study Japanese for? raw ty bre ons © Bikns HH at codon waver. Willkie 2AM oer How long does it take from Osaka to Tokyo? hes) wo sada tow by Skansen 2 ~Co 3. 5 is added after quantifier to mean ‘about @ FRx EE s0keou ver. “There are about thirty teacher at our school. @ Seon meyer. Ittakes about fifteen minutes Quantifier (time period) | - V “This expression indicates frequency. ic 2m Re Bae, 1 goto see film about twice a month, ZN EO Zt means ‘ony Its added afer quntiors or nouns f indicate that there i no tor or nahin le @ 7-HRic Ril ko Biko The oar, ‘Ther i only one foreign employee at Power Elect @ au Sea xucr, Sunday i my only day off,16 |. Vocabulary LAKE Boe Pa Hee Beet BO (DEN) Fone [ora] (ay [a= bse] ato Was. BS se tht ae ws cay APL eae es [Blaoy Lesson 12 Erica) 3h ate HN ay ame By Ae] oe ol PY, BOY RLY en Caley easy, simple fae fast, carly slow, late ‘many (people), much few (people), litle cool swoet Iho (taste), spicy heavy light prefer [coffee] spring stutumn, fall winter weather rain, rainy snow, snowy cloudy hotel ‘world pany (~@ L#¢ ‘ giveapary) festivalcy eid cum FaFee oa] ott eine, bau ae wee BH VETO, Basn sukiyaki (beef end vegetable hot pot) sashimi (sliced raw fish) sushi (vinegared rice topped with raw fish) tempura (seafood and vegetables deep fied in batter) pork chicken beef flower arrangement (~& L2¥ practise flower arrangement) ‘maple, red leaves of suturan which one (of tw things) both the mest by far forthe Gis time Tmbome, Welcome home ‘Woss! Look at all those people! Tmtired the Gion Festival (the most famous festival in Kyoto) Hoong Kong (38) Singapore 8 fotitious supermarket a fictitious supermarketUl. Translation Sentence Patterns 1. Teas rainy yesterday. 2. Iewas cold yesterday, 3. Hokkaido is bigger than Kyushu, 4, Summer is my favourite season, Example Sentences L. Was Kyoto quiet? No, it wasa (quiet) 2. Did you enjoy your tip? "Yes, I did [enjoy it), ‘No, it wast very good. 3. How was last nights party? twas very lively. mete lot of different people 4. Is New York colder than Osaka? ‘Yes, is much colder Did you have nice weather? | D 5. Wich aks less ime tothe spot the tan, or the bus? The wan’ quicker 6. Which do you preter, the se othe mountains? ike hen both, ia 17. Which Japanese dish 6o you ike best? 12, ike tempura best, Conversation How was the Gion Festival? Miller: Tm back! Janitor: Welcome back Millet: Heres a souvenir from Kyoto, Janitor: “Thank you very mic, How was the Gion Festival? Miller: Ttwas interesting. Tewas very lively Jnitor: ‘Tha’ because the Gion Festival isthe most famous of Kyot's festivals Miller: Ob,isit? Took alot of photographs. Take a look Janitor: Wow! Look at all those people! Miller: Yes, i was a bit tiring.Il. Useful Words and Information %') © BP; Festivals and Places of NoteIV. Grammar Notes 4, Tense and affirmative/negative forms of noun sentences and * -adjective sentences Nonrpa (ecienvinrs) Past Nb Nhe Atma ag role? | ted Name [Nn Ee UERLIN he lw URMLTLE teadj Ura} CCH) ead LrofCow) © s058 Be Twas rainy yesterday. @ 3050 Ri Whee HY RELTLES “esterays exam wasnt ay ‘Tense and affirmative/negative forms of \ -adjective sentences ‘Non past (presenta) Past Affimative | HOUTT BROCE Negiive | bOCEOTE Bo eho ket @ 20512 Brow TH. tewashot yesterday @ 4050 NF mit EY BL tmoAet. Tia enjoy yesterday’ party very much NQN EY adj CF ‘This sentence pattem describes the quality andor state of Nin comparison with Ns @ <0 ‘Hi bo Hay RevcH, This cars bigger than thax one. NENE CBG adj CTH Ni /NO (54 adj TF “The imerogative &5 fis used when comparing any two items. Otome FRE VELA BELAUTIN Hy A-O AK BELBUTH ‘Which [do you think] is more interesting, soccer or baseball? [1 think] socoer’s more interesting. @ 29-ELE HY RELE VbOM FaRK EF eH, ‘Who's better at tennis, Mr. Miller or Mt Santos? © MRWe Rie ee 5a Huser. ‘Which is cooler, Hokkaido or Osaka? @ Be the vane Baer, Which do you prefer, spring or autumn?B ee Tea | N, OBIE adj TF indica rng. This quctn pater is sed w te inener hoa, fom a sroup or eepory dented by Ns thing, pace, person, ime se ht exbi he highest ope the state or quali deste by the atte, The ineopatve Wes determined byte kindof eer fo which th coe to bea, 0 Pt Mae OsiEA BOLUTT ON, Thstbit whith BOLE, Which of alin Japanese css isthe mos delicious? “Tempus te mos dlc @ Foyt LIM WEIL LOOATEN RIRH WhIEh boone, ‘Whur ws your favorite place ia Europe? Siterand wa (he bes) @ Bie pro sid Hy Boor, Bo bak Fe BOTH. Whois tales in your family? My young ote isthe alles, (See Leson 16) @ Re sot wei Rocre. — Watsthcodestine othe yu! 2h waite Bort. Pera ie cole [Note The parle is attached Yo te introgative even in an iterogatie sentence asking abou te subject of an ajutve sentnce (ee Leon 10) [Adj ® | ( substituting for a noun) Lesson 2 explained the use of # inthe form Ny“ to substitute fora noun mentioned previously. The in the phrase 21°) presented in the present lesson’ example sentence substiules fora noun ina similar way, in the frm a 0. @ IPS LO HELI ENTH Which is Kain’ bag? BO RCT RIVOTH ‘That big red one, Nilo Ie HOBIEL adj CHPa 1. Vocabulary eee LEE braet oeet ocklat outolet Lacclat SAELET GALEN] Ankle] ue vay Hau 7-0 bb vee 34 oo ered [BL asa Lesson 13 ile Roplet eel ET wb Ley [ame~) AB] aeLe Ike Re m ae a4 ak (alan ae enjoy oneself, play 0 to meet, weleome get ted (hen expressing the condition ofbeing tired, 74°40 L / is wed) marry, get marred 0 shopping bave a meal, dine take a walk [in a park) bard, tough, severe, awful want (Something) wide, spacious arrow, small (room, et.) ‘swimming pool fine ats fishing (~& U4 : fish, angle) skiing (~ LET: ski) weekend New Years Day about ~ (time) something somewhere, some placea®o LK baat bebe teat yIR BLD FLE get thirsty (when expressing the condition of being thirsty, © 24° PSE Lisisused) set hungry (when expressing the condition of being hungry, #52 5 F422 Ur isused) Let's do that, (used when agreeing With someone's suggestion) May Take your order? sot meal, table dnote bow ofrce topped with beef Please wait [a moment), (polite equivalent of C4) separately A fcitous company «a fcttious TV programmeU1. Translation Sentence Patterns 1, Twanta car 2, L want to eat some sushi 3, Tm going to France to study cooking, Example Sentences 1, What do you want most right now? {J want] « new mobile phone. ‘Where do you want to go for your summer holiday? {1 want to goto] Okinawa. 3, fel tired today, so I don't want to do anything ‘understand, Today's meeting was tough, wasnt it? 4. What are you doing at the weekend? 1m taking the children to Kobe to see the ships. 5. What did you come to study in Japan’? came to study art 6. id you go anywhere for your winter holiday? * ‘Yes, I went skiing in Hokkaido. Conversation Separately, please ‘Yamada: Its twelve oclock already. Shall we go and have some lunch? Miller: OK. ‘Yamada: Where shall we go? Mille: Him... fd like to eat something Japanese today. Yamada: OK, let's goto Tsurya then ‘Waitress: What would you like to order? Miller: The tempura special for me, ‘Yamada: And TI have the beef on rice. ‘Waitress: One tempure special and one beef on tice? Coming right up. Cashier: ‘Thats 1,680 yen. Miller: Sory, but could we pay separately, plesse? Cashier: Of couse, the tempura special is 980 yen and the beef on rice is 700 yen.Useful Words and Information fio Town #5 scum Wi towa, iya & art museum,artgallery BES police a Tibeary ae police box: a cinema, movie ener BF sation » 0 ‘BE car pa parking ot Si botanical garden 2 amusement park Re university BR senior high school ed Buddhist temple “PF junior high school BE shimostrine S{e%E emery seo! ‘#4 (Christan chureh inet kindergarten 227 Mossue ae butchers shop RE egmasum rey tery 7-0 ‘swimming poo! ‘am fishmonger’s ish stone Bit park aE offlicence, liquor store Aga greengrocer's, fruit and Seat embassy vegetable store 3st S immigration bureau café, coffee shop convenience store supermarket My stomach hurts, soI don't want to eat anything. (See Lesson 17,) (Note 1] 12 Lv CH and #0 CF can only be used when talking about what the speaker or listener wan. They cannot be used to talk about what a thi person wants, [Note 2] Neither (LU C4 nor V #4 form /:4CF4 should be used when offering someone something or inviting them to do something. For example, J —E— BE LITHEA oF IE HMA fev C44 are-not proper ways of asking someone if they would like a cup of coffee. In this ease, an expression such as J— EI WOU THH or IEE DALAM should be used.2 | sce~ re feather By at *| The puposs ofthe actions 8 2-7, $84 and #2!) $F ae matked by = @ BBA yk Wike Rs at Tm going to Kobe to have sme Indian foo. Whee te verb befor: isN LET (eg. PEOL ET oF L429 LEA) oF NE LET (eg BULAE LEF or 7) € L#4), itis used inthe form NE WERT/EET/ ORE @ APs Kote fies. {Ym going shopping in Kobe, @ BES BWo WHie RELA. tometo lpantostaty at {Note When a noun denoting an event such as festival or concert comes before I= the purpose ofthe ation i usually interpreted ox being sing ho festival itening the omer ® ath Tim going to se festival in Kyoto tomorow. a. Lesa /ae| 5 means ‘anywhere’ or Somewhere and (= means ‘anything or “omething ‘The prisie~ comes after © 4 andthe pale € ar 2124, bat iter a these ca be omit @ Rhaw yin] Teel AD. (a, RRGA ae-c Healhe Did you go anywhere for your winter haliay? “eo, {went singin Hokdaio. [Note] I can headed toa word expressing tne inorder to make the topic of & seston B ora mpre Lams, Hole] the "on thisty lke something to rink. te © shows respect. @ BX? May Lake your order?Lesson 14 |. Vocabulary seth turnon wear wlEt tum of ae mune open Leer Moet close, shut werety axay hry 2627) red wait BbET1 bet bold eyatl mat take, pass TORGaTT HEE help (with task) tuar1 tuEt call eles Ler speak, tlk SHOETT Bort use eee awe stop, park BET BET show BlLaETT HALT (EHE~] tell fanaddress) [ewslaen) Thar ayer sit down AbETIT Beet stand up Boyar AY EF [RAI] enter [a cats] [soe the cavnt MET [S98 ~] go out ofa cals] [so8th es] EFT RUST TIO] in A [anne] thE wn lececity light xray sir conditioner passport an ame fem address 3808 ‘map le * salt aes ott sugartht mR question, problem, trouble he Ba answer bao Ray how to ead, way of reading moe ~s how to ~, way of ~ing steaight slowly, leisurely immediately again later litle more ~ more, another ~ right (used when encouraging some ‘course of action) am, Wee Eo boot cea Turn righ athe teach aH shane acy ep a fictitious town,Il. Translation Sentence Patterns 1. Justa moment, pease. 2. Shall Leamry your bag? 3. Mr Mille’s making a phone call now. Example Sentences 1. Please write your name witha ballpoint pen. “Yes, OK. 2. Exeuse me, could you tell me how to read tis kanji, please? 1s jusho’. 3. Hot, isnt it? Shall open the window? ‘Yes, please. 4. Shall Teome tothe station to meet you? | ‘No, its fine. get a taxi. 4 5, Where's Ms. Sto? ‘She's in the meeting room, talking to Mr, Matsumoto, OK, Tl come back later. 6. Isitraining? ‘No, i ist [raining Conversation ‘To Midoricho, please Karina: To Midoricho, please Driver: OK, Karina: Excuse me, Please tum right at those lights. Driver: Right, yes? Karina: Yes. Deiver:Isitstaight on? ‘Karina: Yes, go straight on, please Karina: Please stop infront of that flower shop. Driver: OK, fs 1,800 yen | Karina: Take itout ofthis please. Driver: Here's 3,200 yen change, Thank you,972 -kd HRI OSA ee R ticket office, ticket area ticket machine fare adjustment machine ticket barrier cnteance ceastexit west exit south exit north exit central exit, platform kiosk coin locker taxi rank bus terminal Dus stop Useful Words and Information Station super-express train express train spd service train somi-express ein local train timetable departing arriving at ~ {for [TOKYO] season ticket, ‘commuter pss coupon ticket one way seturvround tip2 IV. Grammar Notes 4. Verb Groups Japanese verbs conjugate, and sentences with various meanings can be formed by ‘adding various phrases to the conjugated forms of the verbs. Verbs are classified into thee groups depending on how they are conjugated 1) Group I Verbs In all verbs ofthis group, the last sound of the #F form is from the \ -column of the spllabary char, eg. 2 2-7 (ite), 02 £4 (rik) 2) Group I verbs In most verbs of this group, the ast sound ofthe form is from the 2 -column (eg. ANE (eat) and Zt £4 (show)), ut in some verbs iis a sound from the column (eg. 2+ (se). 3) Group I Verbs ‘Verbs ofthis group include + and ‘action-denoting noun + L 2 +, as well as set. 2. VT -form ‘The verb form that ends with or is called the -form. The method by which the “C-form is ereated from the # -form depends on the group to which the verb belongs, as described below. (See Exercise Al, Lessonl4 of Main Text) 1) Group I Verbs (1) When the las sound of the £4 form is 6, & oF 9), the \, or 1 is dropped and oC isattached. eg MET + oT buy ERED + fo wait PAN ET + HAT gohomereum (2) When the last sound of the #7 form is 2, U or (2, the 4, U or i= i dropped and £Tis attached. 0g ODLEF —~ OLT drink AUST + LT all LEET + LAT die (3) When the last sound ofthe # + -form is ¥ or ¥ , the & or ¥ is dropped and «> ‘Tor tT respectively is atached. eg PRET ONT write OSTET + OEOT funy However ‘8 # + (go) isan exception, and becomes 1. T (4) When the last sound of the 2 + -form is (., T is added tothe 2 -form, eg PLET > FUT ead 2) Group II Verbs Tisaddedto the £4 form eg ASET + BET = ALT show BEF + 1 aoe 3) Group Il Verbs Tis added tothe £4 fom. eg $£ + 3 come LEP > LT do ShULET + SLIELT gofora walk T eat 3. [VT -form ¢7230] Please do. This sentence pattem is used to tell, request or invite the listener to do somethingHowever, itis nota very polite way of asking someone to do something, soit soften used together wth the expression ¥ J: 2 #44 asin @ below. O tattin 20 Xho haFe Rar « Excuse me, could you tell me how to read this kanji please? (Requesting) @ tovsye Be bor Cet Please write your name with ballpoint pen. (Telling) @ CFE ACEL HST (150%. Please eatas much as you want, lavting) [V orm 0] This sete pater noes that eain tn orion snot © rosin S Wike wie vet, Me Miles malig poe el ow © % Re hot urte. Is itraining now? Wt, Hot ORT, ‘Yes, its [raining], ua. feo T Oat. No, iting) (VES form £254] shatt...2 This expression is used when the speaker is offering todo something forthe listener © alee ktlsio Shall I come tomorrow, too? AR 10M: RT CK "Yes, please come at en © #e Ral imy Sha end you my unbel? TRERL, BRULEE. ¥en please © fle beecea6 Shall I cary your bag? wks Hoa CH No, han you NAV ‘When describing a phenomenon by saying what was felt about it through one or more of the five senses (sight, hearing etc.) or when telling someone objectively about an event, the subject is marked with the particle #6 © He fot vet. Its ining ® Ahi VEEL, Mr. Mille isnt hee, is he? TEELE| @ tarts, Be hot ¢ Excuse me, could you pass the salt, please? @ hese, wbifiar Excuse me, but what is your name? The 4 in expressions such as TELA and LOH CTH (used as introductory remarks when addressing someone) isnot being used in an antithetical sense but asa casual preamble toa remark 141. Vocabulary Bear (yar juatT Loar Fae Weaejlatn Load ngO7 eoeOnd i BORk y7h TALL Hose Lecle laole LeLk FEEL Lesson 15 meet eet RU ET myer pyar waar mele ae vende Re a cd wer ae wee Bs pat ‘make, produce sell 2etto know be going olive do research materials, data catalogue simetable clothes products software clectronic dictionary ‘economy ‘municipal office, city all senior high sehool dentist, dentists single, unmarried Tm sony.RBC) Gee aie Hokvary Wbol ener ALO ATE Ladies and Gentlemen, everybody remember, recollect be (honorific equivalent of +) shopping distit in Osaka 8 fictitious TV programme %Translation Sentence Patterns 1. Isitall right to take photographs? 2, Me. Sans has an electronic dictionary. Example Sentences 1. May Ihave this catalogue, please? “Yes, ofcourse Please help yourself. 2. May I borrow this dictionary? ‘Sony, Fm using it atthe moment, 3. You mustat play ere ‘Okay. 4. Do you know the ward office's telephone number? No, dont. 5. Where does Maria live? ‘She lives in Osaka. 6. IsMr. Wang martied? No, he's single. 7. What job do you do? “~vT'ma teacher I teach ina sevondary school Conversation ‘What family do you have? Kirnura: Good film, wasnt it? Miller: Yes. Itmade me think of my family. ‘Kimura: Oh? What family do you have? Miller. My parents and one elder sister. Kimura: Where are they? Miller: My parents live near New York. “My sister works in Loindon. How about your family, Ms. Kimura? Kimura: ‘There are three of us. My father i a bank offical “My mother teaches English in a secondary school.Ill. Useful Words and Information 4 coos | tit Ria x Suit ampany employee | civil servant, rere bank employee | postman oe ak ‘ea teach solicitor, rey An eee policeman Ay RR EE athlete Pera | ee ARR journalist | singet/ator syyeT | FHAdH engineer designer fi eSIV. Grammar Notes 1. [Vt form § OW THH | May ldo... ‘This sentence patter is used for asking permission to do something. © Eke Bote HOTT, May Ttake a photo? @ and @ itlsate how to respond when your permission is sought using this pattem, ‘When witholding permission o tating that something is probibited, an apologetic or cuphemite answer may be given or the reason may be given, a usted in © (with holding permission) and @ and 2 (stating that something is prohibited below. Bo Ce CFI. May Lsmoke hee? Rk, Bot] TFL, Yes, ou may [smoke]. AREEL, Beaton, OC BOTH. Sony 18 pref itifyou did't. Tego sor that. See Lesson 17) @ sct Boek CFA Is ical right to smoke here? 22. ToT) OTHE, Yes, it ie [to smoke. wk, Go Tit] Oe. Het en, “Natt is aN Ski aes 2. | V T-form lz \It#4#A | You must not do. “his sentence pater is sed o express prohibition, ® wot Kote need, Heros, You cart smoke here; fs No Smoking era. ‘This expression cannot be used by someone of lower status to someone of higher stats. 3. | VC -form Ve F This sentence pattem is used in the way illustrated below, in addition to expressing a continuing ction as explained in Lesson 14 1) Toshow a state (mainly with verbs used in the ~T \ £4 form) it BELT Oat. Im married. @ BALE BES LE oT OFF. Tow Me. Tanaka It 9478 BoC ORT. Thaveacamera, tt Riis BLT EF. rive in Osaka, Note 1) The negative of L>T WF is LY EAL. Be careful not to say Lot nee © Hite ERE bot vate, ‘Do you know the mmber of Cty Hall? Pi seen Ye, 1, Ak, BM Eth ‘No, dont,‘Note 2] The phrase > 7 (92 + can mean either having something with you at ‘he moment, or owning it 2) To show a habitual action (the same action repeated over along period), occupation or personal status @ IMC Jy ea—7-Y ThE Hot VET. IMC produces computer sofware © RAAT HY 79—E Bot MET. Supematas sl nam pl @ 29-sLe Mee Wie 2, MeMiler works at IMC © Wa RE BL ver, My younger seri staying a niversy. “The prc sed with verbs such as 89) 27, bY) #4, OU Giese Lesion 16, O14") (lin, gop; see Lesson 19) and 2 # (ate; see Lesson 29) to indicate lation of the subject esting fom the action exessed bythe ver ®@ com Kora ones. ‘You can't come in here. @ coe Bote wege, May Isit here? @ KER6S 100 ShELI LAO Units Lome goats cote 2. [Vey form OT (HAO | Please don't do. “This sentence patie is used to ak or tl someone not odo something © cot Bhs dover cx Please doit tke photographs bere. {can also be used to show consideration to someone by tling them they don't have to do something @ baa HActos, SBI? Ce 1m ae, so please doit worry about me. : 3. [VEC form THEY SEL | Musto ‘This sentence patter is used to say that something must be done. Note that i is notin the negative. @ Re kevin vysec, mast take some medicine4, [VEN form CTE OW TH] Need not do, ‘Ths sentence pattem i used when saying that itis not necessary todo something, © ble Rui Te OOTH ‘You dont have to come tomorrow. 5. Making an object the topic of a sentence ‘When making # noun nthe expression N € V (ea noun hats he dct objet of ‘verb int the tpi of a sentence, the moan is placed a the beginning ofthe sentence an te parle & i replaced by the pail (2 BBs Bower ce We Coe Howe Cee. BB ccc deur Ces Dorit put your bags here, please Don't put your bags her, please. Bio ‘RB Reure fxar, TThave lunch i the company cafeteria, oucen S¥o RBC Exar. rau B¥o KE axe, Thave lunch inthe company cafeteria, 6. [NGime) 2 Tie V This indicates tne by which an event will enor an setion must be completed im © Bie soe ce Ry et, ‘The meeting will end by five. © dWback Re Reena yee, Thave to retum the book by Saturday. (Note) The particle #T explained in Lesson 4 indicates the end point of « continuing action. Be careful not to confuse it with © @ shee Weer. | work until ive oclock. 17Lesson 18 1. Vocabulary csav BovETL mort vseti weet jhoet goat ponetL wort Fat aay eaatT weaat GATALETM —RRLET aeclato FHlEt er =kobh hak Re loa ek kot ae Boo!) aH!) rel RK Sb a5 He Lesest a i 5 479m Rob bbe able to, ean wash play (stringed instrument, piano, et.) sing collect, gather throw away exchange, change ative reserve, book piano = meter cash, hobby diary prayer (~& L&T! pray) section head department head company president snimal horse the Interneta Be zhit RELAUTTA GLeiere, wo Ke Eo bnx especially ‘What! Really! (used when expressing surprise) ‘Thats interesting, isi? not easly (ased with negatives) Really? by all means, really Purusato (a song title meaning Home Town) the Beatles (a famous British pop exoup) district in Tokyo 18Translation Sentence Patterns 1, Ms. Miller ean read kaj 2, Tike watching films lit: My bobby is watching lms] 3. Tallvays write something in my diary before I goto sleep, Example Sentences 1. Can you drive? “Yes, Lean. 2, Can you ride a bike, Maria? “No, Least 3, What time is Osaka Castle open until? [Until] five clock. 4. Can I pay by card? ‘Tm sorry, we only tke cash. ‘5. What are you interested in? (it What are your hobbies?] ‘eolleet old clock. 6. Do Japanese children have to leam hiragana before they stat school? ‘No, they don' have to learn it) 17. Please take this medicine before meals. ‘Yes, understand. 8. When did you get maried? {H got married] three years ago, Conversation ‘What do you like doing? [lit: What are your hobbies?) ‘Yamada: What do you lke doing, Mr. Santos? Santos: Photography. ‘Yamada: What kind of photographs do you take? Santos: _ Photographs of animals. particularly like horses. Yamada: Really? How interesting! Have you photographed any horses since coming 1o Japan? Santos: No. ‘You don't see many horses in Japan. ‘Yamada: There are alot of horses in Hokkaido, you know. Santos: Realy? Inthat case, I definitely want to go there during my summer holiday.Ill, Useful Words and Information Se owim BH Actions i stint BATS bend 2 extend alIV. Grammar Notes 4. Dictionary form of verbs ‘This is the basic form ofa verb, as given inthe dictionary. The method by which the dictionary form is created from the ¥-form depends on which group the verb belongs to as explained below. (See Exercise A, Lesson 18, Main Textbook) 1) Group I verbs With verbs inthis group, the last sound of the #+ -form, which is always in the + column, is changed toa corresponding Sound inthe 3 -column, HEART FOL EET Oe Bee a #2 Toad = th ee 2) Group I verbs 2 is added othe # form “The dictionary form of L#-+ is + , while that of #4 4 is < % N ee Meatedonary form cx] T8#F | cones “C7 ina ver that indicates that a person has the ail todo something o that some bebaviouris posible as a result ofthe situation, The object of is marked by #°, and the ability or what is possible is expressed inthe form of ether @ noun or | the dictionary form of avec with = & added tot 1) Tathe ease of noun [Nouns indicating motion, such as JLTL, #8, 24— and 772) can be sed, as can nouns representing an ability, such a8 ISB. of 7-7 i O i9—8hit BBE CHET, Mr Miler can speak Japanese. @ Be rh Wye L Ao, DEL REO CR ET. ‘Alot of now bas fle, so we can ski this yea. 2) Inthe case of a verb “When a verb is used to desrie an ability or possibilty, You fe tonight | he Ade Aes, sex ta by) ! SRB Abtee ¥e Lam fe by woes) | 3510 Mee esta 3) nthe pain cen prices von oie ifthe meting of he ete | evident rom the content ) @ cisetel xo? ‘Would you like something toca? | ® ow about going to Kyoto tomorow? ® (2) BLO. Those apples are nce ret they? ® (SALT BS? Av there any scissors there? However, particles ike, IS, ob, #T and ¥ are not omitted because the meaning ‘of the sentence would be unclear without them, 4) Ia the plain style, the ofthe VT form ‘+2 is also often dropped, @ BF. ot 157 Have you gota dictionary? jk. HoT OS. ‘Yes, Thave. 394, MoT Delt, No, Thavent, 9 1 {1 work inthe same way a and is ofen wed in conversation © £0 AL~(A] HL? Isthacuy good? Fk Bde, BOL. Yes ie api, bei ie @ Bho Fry hd HEHE, VoL et foe? I Te got some tickets forthe sumo, Woo you ike ogo with me? er That be great 20Vocabulary BRETT wet obet1 euevnt avaTL (BEoy em] PC ABET 328841 wort [ole end ae cnet Yossie Larn Lesson 21 Boat wort meer ane (ay am) ie ET weet (ane~) RE ont weet ele] ane cod 9 ‘bike say lose, be beaten [a festival] beheld, take place De useful ‘move, work ‘quit or retire from [a company], stop, sive up pay attention, take care study abroad wasteful inconvenient swf, great (expresses astonishment or admiration) ‘ue lie ar, automobile transport traffic [commodity] prices ‘announcement, broadcast ‘anime Japanese animated fm) ‘comic book design, artwork ‘ream genius game, match (~ LET: play a ‘pame/match)2ay2 Ny eek opinion talk, speech, what one says, story (~ © USF talk, tllastoy) act recently, these days probably, perhaps, maybe surly, definitely really not so (used with negatives) about ~, concerning ~ Its been a long time [since we last ‘met ow about drinking ~ or something? ofcourse have to get home now. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (1934- 1968) Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) ‘Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) ‘Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Princess Kaguya (heroine of the old Japanese folk tale ‘Taketori Monogetar’) ‘Tenjn Festival (a festival in Osaka) Mt. Yoshino (a mountain in Nara Prefecture) kangaroo Captain James Cook (1728-1779) « fsttious company 2aTranslation 4 Sentence Patterns, | 1. Link ts going to rain tomorrow. 2, told my Dad I want to go abroad to study. | 3. Tbet you're tired, arent you? Example Sentences 1. Where's Me Mille? ‘think he's probably already gone home. 2. Does Mr Miller know about this news? ‘No, I dont think he does. 3. Which is more important, your job or your fimnily? ‘Think theyre both important. 4. What do you think of Japan? | ‘think the prices are high. 5. Do you say grace before meals? "No, we don't, but we do say, “Ttadakimasu’ 6. Princess Kaguya said, “T must go back home to the Moon.” Then she went back to the Moon. The End. “The End? Mummy, T want to goto the Moon, to. 47. Di you say anything inthe meeting? “Yes, said there was a lot of wasteful copying. 8. Theres a festival in Kyoto in July, ist there? ‘Yes, theres Conversation T think s0, too | ‘Matsumoto: Hello, Mr. Santos, [havent seen you fora while have I? ! Santos: Hi, Mr. Matsumoto. Are you well? 0 and have fora beer or something? ‘There's a soccer match between Japan and Brazil at ten o'clock tonight, isn't there? Matsumoto: Oh, yes, 0 theres. Which team do you think will win, Mr, Santos? Santos: Brazil, ofcourse! ‘Matsumoto: Well, maybe. But Japan has also goten better lately Santos: Yes, I think 0 00, but (Oh, Thave to get ome now. ‘Matsumoto: Yes, tet’s go home, shall we?Useful Words and Information % Positions in Society Bi, amon HE CAMEEEAB) primeminiser ARATE prefecture ~ ‘governor w a — — Felten Ragtime i ofthe se seit tues “upper secondary (senior high) school | ‘resident lower secondary (junior hi nol -- | BE [school] oy primate ica) neraren coe HE pacer) a ‘head teacher, principal EE om in ccirman SR ix hank) president president ‘RUE R —beanch manager director Ce "Kc tet = scion ead Rosato & stationnaster . 8 a { p BiH J cs _—_____& BER ospitt irecne HH poicestion OR cepementtet — HBR readme fice in charge vsIV. Grammar Notes 1. | Plain form & Huet] renin at The ideas or adgemets expressed with 56° are indicated by th parle & ‘This sentence pattern is used in the flowing ways: 1 When expressing conjecture © SUt Hache e Moat. Lehinkies going to rain tomorrow, | @ rr-#bekit £5 Bre oar, | think Teresa's already gone to bed. To express a negative conjecture, the clause before is put in the negative, | @: Tht 20 22-28 fot ORTH wa, mbar Bost, Hs Mr Miller heard that news? 1No, I dont tink he has. 2) When stating an opinion © BF Bio: Bive Boar. robin that prices in Japan are high, When asking someone’ opinion about something, the expression ~Is) 21% £3 BERT is used, without puting & after the 3. © Wr B8r ont v5 Hoare, =e SHOTHN, Ba oe Rahs HIG; What do you think ofthe new airport? think it’ lovely, but ita bit hard to get to Agreement with someone else's opinion sexpresed lke this © 7-9 418 HAetH. Mobile phones are handy, aren't they? bale 43 Moat. “Yes, I thnk so, too. x Boar sy. “The price Ei used to report sposh. There are two ways of ding this 1) When eporing speech cet, its repeated word for word In writing, te words are laced msde square brackets © te aac, ehavey e Fost, ‘We sy, “Goodnight before going to bed. © 29-8hi RR RRA ER atic Sorin. Mr Miller sid, ‘Tm gong to Toyo on business next week” 2) When reporting specie, the pin form is used before © @ s9-tha RRS ER rec For lA. Mr Miller sid thst he would be going to Toky on business ‘The tense af the quoted Sentence i no affected by the tose of the main sentence7 “The particle (= is used to indicate the person spoken to @ Re WE LAVY Boas, | told my father that | wanted to study abroad ‘ail _ | plain form Sad Jou ed? | sen 7% -adj | plain form [nee Tis sentence form is used when seeking agreement or confirmation ftom the listener. Lz 4 is spoken with arising intonation, The plain form is used before TL 2 3, but without the inthe case of a -adj or @ BLA MHF Am CTL EI? YYou'e going tothe party tomorrow, right? aa. HEE Yes, Lam, @ KW Reoncys i? wk. ELI CID No it was cad, I bet it was cold in Hokkaido, wasnt it? te Ni ‘When Nis ceremony or event such asa party concert, festival, incident or disaster, #1) 4-4 isused in the sense of “wo take place, to be held’ or ‘to occur. @ Rk BR: yovn0 sno Bo Hy et. There's a soccer match between Japan and Brazil in Tokyo TNA BIET ‘an action takes place is marked by He Hoa Liew Did you say anything atthe meeting? [Nee] ‘When esonnendng suggesting, or xresing «hoe for ssethig, the pale “TH bused to ie a cnample, wo esting to spe on, @ Base EaNeL Rak ELI, How aout dking aber orsrthing? Van form ee] This expression i created by omiting the 8° U7 # A fom VE 9 form 260% SHB AL (oe Lesson 17. Véeuvfomn‘e\% UE Ae means more a es the Vite fom 64402 118 4, which was posted in Lesson 17 @ 65 ome, have tobe geting home. 211. Vocabulary ser aweevl eat tet (wanen] carn R774 em) jeer bELAB 2-8 aoe z 5 sin ane [Bsc > Oo b a-e7 24 a Lesson 22 wey (mts e~1 eet [elses ae ppaton (a shirt, ete.) pt on (shoes, trouser, et.) pat on (a hat, ete.) put on {slases) put on te] bebors humor oftenwell, let me see ‘Congratulations, (used on birthdeys, at ‘weddings, New Year's Day, etc.) ‘Are you looking for ~? ‘Well then, this (polite equivalent of = #0) Kitchen with dining area Fapanose-style room Japanese-style closet Japanese-style mateess and quilt oy Paris Ho “Kae the Great Wall of China LUO Tym title ofa fetitious questionaireTranslation Sentence Patterns 1, This eake was made by Mr. Miller 2. That person over there is Mr. Miller. 3, Tve forgotton the words I Jeart yesterday. 4, [ont have time to go shopping. Example Sentences 1. These ate some photographs I took atthe Great Wall of China ‘Really? Amazing, isn it? 2. Which isthe painting that Karna did? ‘That one, That painting ofthe sea. 3. Who's that person wearing a kimono? ‘Thats Ms, Kimara, “4. Mr, Yamada, where did you first meet your wife? “At Osaka Castle 5. How was the concert you went to with Ms! Kimura? ‘Te-was very good, 6, What’ the matter? lost the umbrella I bought yesterday. 1. What kind of house do you want? “want a house witha big garden, 8, Would you like to go and watch the soccer on Sunday? ‘Somy, Ive promised to meet some frends on Sunday. Conversation ‘What kind of flat are you looking for? Letting agent: What kind of fat ae you looking for? Wang: Let me se, ‘A place where the rot is about eighty thousand yen, not far from the stati, would be good. Letting agent: How about this one, then? [Is ten minutes from the station, and the reat is eighty-reethousend yen. Wang: Is got an eatin ktchen and one Japanese-style room, right? Exeuse me. What’ this? Letting agent: Thats an eshte’ I¢s a place to puta futon in Wang: see, Can Ise tis at today? Letting agent: Yes. Shall we go now? Wang: Yes, pleasearr Ill, Useful Words and Information Clothes Ro & KRY RTD suit jacket trousers/pants| Pak (ig) ft AnH DAE 7H skirt Lovie sit sweater 279- ~ ¢ T |b, ~(main clause) | Evenif. « M]+~t [yc J “This expressions wed o preset contrasting conditions. The clase tha follows form (the min clause) dserbes something that wll happen thal would not mally be expected to happen if what was sated inthe main clase were tue @© Boe thot. BRLET. rao the laundry even ifit rains, © Bice, bea 70-7 Meer. Tate package holidays oven if they ae cheap. @ Bact. evare Buses. Tmo going io wea PC, even if ti convenient © BAG ce, “West. rmgoingto work, eveniticis Sunday 4 [et] 4 is used in conjunction with ~7: 5 to give notice that the clause following it is conditional intensifies the speaker's Sense of conditional. @ Bl 1H donb, Ouse the RHLACTH. 1 had funded million yoo, ike to travel round the world 5. Subject of a subordinate clause Tt was explained in Lesson 16-2 that the subject ofthe clause ~€#" is marked by # In the same way as ~T#™,~E2,~¥, ~2 215, ete, the subject of a subordinate clause containing ~ 7s or ~'T & isso marked by @ Eko ke aac, GRe WALat. {im going to clean up my room befor my fiends ave (See Lesson 18.) @ Be Who ve, Ble Kass, Take time off when my wife sill (See Lesson 23.) © Rae Biko oii: kemons, 05 Late. ‘What will you do if your fiends dont ave at the agred time? (See Lesson 25.)article: Topic and Subject Lace oer os nn eves. Te spre i a ot nc sonata sig dint ee. Sete (fw, cums unten 3% we pn en des ning tit Bn ¥ OEE Hho Fer. thowteapiaetipn Si os) a ew dees 20 Sand AL a ae 020 Bike oct. nisin oybalie BR F¢xo—9y es Ba LA Inet Dinh awe Te ofa ms lye pe le st neocoaet fo mince (eo ber ste so, OEE Be Fier, me tiscourse What isa Subject? ‘The subject oft sentence isthe mest important clement forthe sentence’ predicate (verb, adjective of noun + C+), For example, with verbs such as HA # + (@rink) oc £4 + (rum, te subject is whoever is doing the drinking or runing; with verbs such as 8+ oF 1) 8 (bo, ext) it is the person or thing tha exists; with verbs such as #6!) £4 (cain) or €¥ 2 (blow) itis the event’ principal actor (i.e, what- veri ining or blowing); with adjectives such as 8. F (igor ¥B CF (famous) or nouns such as #8 C+ (student o- “fh AT (ills) isthe posses sor ofthe atibute mentioned; and with adjectival predicates suchas 88 C7 (like) or H.C (ar, itis the experience of the feng mentioned, Tau, all ofthe noun ‘Phrases undcrlined in the examples below are subjects. In sentences that donot havea topic, the subjects masked by the particle 4 co kbs ene Rak Lt. Taro drank some bow (9 Wo Le Kee wy 24, Thewisabook onthe desk,(0805 Bios Hey rained yesterday, ‘3, How Do Topics and Subjects Relate to Fach Other? Although topics and subjects are diferent concepts, they are closely routed. In most sentences witha topo, the topic is also the subject For example, 843.4, (ER SL, sad 4 L in sentences (7), (8) and (9) below are al topics (because they ate all ‘markod with 2), but atthe same time they are also subjects because they are each the possessor of an ateibate or the expriencer of fclng. pascir SE CT. Me Tunakais famous. (fei Liz FE cr, Ms Seto isa student br: Although itis elaively common iz oe Woe. rm scared of dogs 1 the top and subject of sentence to coincide like this, sometimes they do not. In sentence (10) below, for example, © % is the topic (because itis marked with (4), but (because it is HP S A who performs the action of 344) 20 is noche subject (0) 20 Fiz BHSLo HS Uke MeTanaka wrote this book Sentence (10) ean be thought ofa being sentence (11) with =O "# & takon asthe ‘opi, anS¥s.0 20 Fe Fear (220 Feu SP sca #e Inher words, = © % has moved tothe head ofthe sentence, and is marked with I? Me, Tanaka wrote this book Ue Me Tanaka wrote this book. to indicate hat its pic, However, because € and Ut eanot be used together when hiss done, & ix limited and ony remains forming sentence (10) Note thi, although 4° and cannot be combined with I eter particles can, 99 sentences ike (13) nd (1) are posible. 9) Gs cic pete BBLat 1 wil getin touch with Me. Tanaka, (1 Shs cmbu Wbe ktea TL [No reply came from Ms, Yamads, 4, Seatenees with and without Topics Although most Jepanese sentences have topics, some do not. In a sentence with @ topic the subjects marked hy I an ina sentence without a tpi, i is marked by1, Some examples ofthe use of topc-les sentences are given below. 1) When describing an evet exactly as sen, beard, ‘A sentence without atopic is used when describing an event exactly s perceived by any ofthe ive senses: (3) b>, fv Ho O84, Ob its raining. (19 3740 Ese Me, Themal's [00] que. an Go He Rode sata. ooking cut of window) The mood! lovely, enti? 2) When communicating an event objectively ora the start ofa story ‘Atopices sentence islso used in these cass: (1s) £05 Sdise Re UA. Taro came yesterday. (19) RR m7 sae HY EF. Thelen pany next week QOH DOLEML BB ESAE ¥ BIEDELAE OE LI. ‘Long, long ag, in exrtain place, there was an old man and an ol woman,Article 2: Clauses ‘clause isthe form that sentenve takes whe itis part ofa longer sentence For example, in (1) and (2) below, the sentences PS L466 S2~ REL teandd Lie Ma HRY 2 4 have booome par of longer sentence taking the underlined forms (BB sce con Ae va, MBSA eHATLAL ‘When Ms, Tanaka arrived, Mr Yamada went hers, OdLE He fons. br Lit boneee. titra omomow Fin nt going ot ‘Aclause tht forms pat of longer semen i this way i called a subordinate cause, ‘while the part of the sentence left beind ifthe subordinate clause is remove is called the main clase {A subordinate clause amplifies the meaning ofthe main clause. For example, the sulordinat clause in example (2) limits what is sa inthe main clause by specitying Lite Eb feo £26 asa condition of my not going out Jn Japanese, «subordinate clause usually procodes the main caus. ‘The subjst of a subordinate clase is marked by 4 not by (2, except whon the clause isa ~# ora HE clausesAPPENDICES Numerals 0 a, AY 100 1s 200 26 300 38h 400 4 Ik L 500 sc 600 6 aK 700 7 eh LB 800 8 ise 900 9 303, ¢ 10 wd 1,000 agus 2,000 12 Ces 3,000 13 UwdeKe 4,000 14 Uooth, Coal 5,000 1s ed 6,000 16 UwjsK 7,000 IT Uwiee, Uwils 8,000 18 Ue slth 9,000 19 Umpews, Umas 20 10,000 30 SLU BF 100,000 0 heed 1,000,000 30 Sb w5 10,000,000 6 5i tos 100,000,000 10 bes, LEERF 80 (thes as 9 F05twF 0.83 1 Bet eed Thies thoes Tes Bolles wee ¢ ldo Ue ¢ Seid. WbBK Cainer HOTAEB EL ELSLO BKnight BELO BLLOO bE the day before yesterday | the morning before last BECO KL(LS) the night before ast 303 4040 4% 2030 EL(LA) esterday yesterday moming _{ lastnight S47 - we CAITA( 279 £4) today this moming tonight blk BLED BE BLD IEA LS) tomorow tomorrow moming __| tomorrow night BET BEoT BE Be2 TO WAH) | the day after tomorow _ | the moming ater next _| the night after next guch OEE Eth every day every moming every night week "month year. Z| LEAL hth tevesnceay | Ucwiroeay peek ‘the week before last the month before last Seer akin thio Brak last week last month last year zktad ete set this wee this month this year [ectes | Buifo Bonk “| next week next month next year Soules Sour Sbunk the weekanernext | themonthaternext__| the year after next zeled B08 [eet zone every week every month | every yearTelling time ws EU EAU a Eig Ake tae BE ct caat bm ase Ca eee Edbooh, Slash th hh Ceiaees Cea kes ioe rene Ca dkES Ee 5 8kcB BAS En itoe HS twice rtrd Cosas Casa Unies ECaILBES Cag kao ted SU e FREER EHO reer re ki Ceitom ELUe IES Cais Fh Uw IVER Ce aaies ELISIl, Expressions of period ee Crh, LEURL 3 6 7 sf eetae 9 0 Eleime [eno : Shinink [Soo | SARL ELLaieh [tanto | kab Le ik =k Bon, Leinme Bink iemhen GAEL 7| woe ek | eeolt ead ts eld tote Pee wba. 8) Line Ito Leienr a labar [zai lair separ Unateirh, caine |eotaiee | moe BhL ome Si whnk week — ih oA | year —% sr Leleire [Congo BALCounter suffixes 5M , Ee acs | [pl | ‘bin and onder fat things -€ He ifees ORIEL OBES 2) sto (eth cae 3] 420 Eth Skew 4) £20 Ehith, thas 3]\29 Sith au 6) t-> paca Ba 1) t%2 went wre 8] 29 WRBIEL foray 9|z20> Sesh | aesth | ensays wo) es twice | Cwsee | Uw ads aS recs, bhich ehithe hee books end ia A notebooks clothes = = T Wao Wabed 2 so Bek bs eKeO Thb eK 4 £ha0 hb sd 5 va0 That 6 Bao Bi bes 7 wees weed 8 fore) Wao Bed 9 s0482 | SatbeK 10 Cart Cotu| C9089, L949 | Coober, label 2 BLE theo BLESAl 4B shoes and socks =z 1 Woek ane 2 cee ite 3 BhEK BAITK 4] ahead Eek 5 re site 6 Khe Bolth 1| eee wees weit, 8|itoos (toe¢ Wrote, 9| sod Pree 10] Corot Corti bokd 2 | eho BAEC Fy] BO ese floors of a thinand | dvinks, ete, in| small animals, building Jong things | cups and glasses | fish and inseots =P ~* __% | cers Walkk vole Wee 2] cas tetas kes 3] sha Shite SUS 4[ thie Edit £h08 5) cou rity rus 6) 520s Bolts Bots 1| teas tetra 280s 8] ttoay (oid (tous 9| F 05a Beptk = ees | aaa 08 10] Coots bos | Cw rlfhs Cotte | Cw if Colds | Coots, Cots 2 | tek BMTL tehites [neue 16V. Conjugations of verbs | group TEES SES ASn laiclionantor i Rost let KBE ~] bot BF | muat BELT be { wat Boot BBS | ayet bot bs | ayat bot BB BETTER IHN] bot BB | grit HOT bak wort vot SG raat vot “4 afer ene vee Ry atlere~] wot we weet pout De ort Shot ha Rar Got 3B meat BUT BC ayer BOVet] Bhat BLA ay atlore~) BOVat] Bhat BLA lat BLiet BLT Bt Rowley BEOELT) BAO red Beat BEG aE Ber Bie FALET BOMEX) BALT Bat by ey Bot Bes Rost - bot 9 mia bALT pat moat baot OAS poet prot oS weatesay but nm ela PLT ot meet bot > yay Paot OS, mY) a+ scicyier] seitot] — aciksieuform, 2 Tico meanings bite bei ow bobbie bao te vb iew vere web das Hit ie BEVEL Bhok BLOKE BAIL k : | enjoy oneself, play meet [a friend] wash have exist, be (referring to inanimate things) [a festival] be held, take place alle say 20 hurry ood, require [a visa] ‘move, work sing sell | put send escort [someone], go with push, press remember, recollect think withdraw finish buy sive back, etun go home, retwmn take, cost fering o time or money) write, draw, paint lend put on (a hat, et.) do one's best 21 2 25as Spam 2a meee Maer eden myer WoEt UE TLET wuat ROETUSE ~] nat ayer lat ebay oat abet eyed. BVT RAT SET Het waz YET ORF ~] vet RY ET Le LAE ~] RUSTE LE ~] let welat wot wet weet aver. Luar thaet AET RAST TIE ~] RIVET ITLL AY ETS 2 ETAL wet AV EF BSB weet ~ Slat oF Bba eet at wed ae ne ote on on on 0% (0B oe (te (agmone [Sei Ber emeatings aia a6 ea, ten | a ask [the teacher] 23 a6 et sie” 7 Ween tum off 4 ‘touch [3 door} 23 getto know 1s ‘smoke [a cigarette] 6 be going to tve 1s sit down 4 tac ou, hand in, send 16 stand up | fuse “4 ite arrive 25 make, produce 5 take (someone) 4 help (witha task) 14 stay fat a hotel} 19 take, pass “4 take [a photograph] 6 grow old 25 repair, comect 4 a] h n 1 19] take off (clothes, shoes, ete.) ” climb, go up 19 dink 6 drink alcoho! 16 take (medicine) 7 ride, get on (a train] 16 the [dv 7s enter fa café] “4 (hoe {i097 | enter funiversity] 16 thee! Laos o Ae | tke (a bath] TU feaee 007 | put on (shoes, trousers, ete.) 24 weet wlEt Bet meat aeat BY Ed lSma~] toy £4 [AEA ~) eeEy BLEt Reet Rot Heat boat RE bat heey RAET DOL & EB] tury maT boyat ay esta! ~] ADS et ieeliar bw at vsiar waler Sy Ley eeyier aber Bhuiay abet bot US abolet bat praler etaler avier tales bow at bry iat eh (ER BWT tet toot wt wort ot #4 £ot DLT bot bet ot bbot WBC tet (855 aw a Be 26% 0 fet 8 bot k bbs BERD er ere to bes DRSne zane ite lt ltbor wor Bore wok BHOK Bok BbLE tok boT ok thok Rh Rok PELE ThE ian vo speak, talc pay play (singed instrament, piano, et) pull tum {tothe right) com hold fake (something) be useful take a rest, take a holiday take a day off (work) call read | understand | eross (a bridge}i-group Pes Teeny [uicionany em MitEy bUT be Bret jt bite moet pont] bone UES LY + I-€ ~) BUT bUS ott wt 08 wate veer] ut se WETUSEA ~) OT VS AnEt wnt wns Benet GENT jens weet BIT Bas MAE BLAT BLAS MAET(CoILEE~) BLAT BLAS MAST Braet BEAT BIAS EV ET(TAL SE ~] BY let BYT BYS mast paler PAT DRE RRET waar WAT DRE WtEFT(TAbE ~) wtiet ett One ote t (Hane ~) wit et ont Oe wy st eUT PS aaet Phat] HLS met aT aS Re cet SE OT] Fe 7S cnet ihe na, mnet Lac Une aset Last] Lase aecat 4° +B RAT AT RNS Rat YT KEYS amet PHT OHS oiet ut ou ete ct) THIS THAT Tat TCHS wet (BOY A] tt THote ook AMAL ak Be Our cnt Lor Lbxn FUR BNI AYA ont meaning open give | collet, gather take [a shower] exist, be (referring to animate things) have [a child) stay, be {in Japan] | putin, insert be bom getup, wake up teach tell fan adress] get off [a train) exchange, change change ‘make [a telephone call] puton [glasses] borrow think, consider pt on (a shir, ete.) pay attention, take care sive (me) close, shut check, investigate throw away be enough, be sufficient get tired turn on 20 out bbe able to, can [change] come outTet ligidnary fot] WET[E OS TLE A] cat CT cB BETA EO) viet tT tS weet ewer ret eH mat niet AT ne ROMA ET oyeaist] oymat| oymas set ewer] eet acm, ane sitar ane 2% Ried aabiat AT BAS Rat Aer AT BB meet beaat] Beat bers POET OL EEA ewer eet HS eet ptiier| prac] braseae OUbA wee a0 at bea ee bth Tigsfomo cok ak Omar oor Bit atthe ak beak eo bri g0 out [of a café] graduate from [university] stop, parc sleep, goto bed change (train ete.) start, begin lose, be beaten show see, look at, watch {20 to meet, welcome quit or retire from [a company], stop, give up forget 21 0Tear [Uletionary fort | Ft) SAGOLT) BARES MeL ST GATALERF) FATALT) GATATS Roglay POEDLI ST] POLOLT) MOLOTS Ret ser se ‘3 ee LE Hoch liat| Hoch l Tt) to lhte RELET hac Liat] Aa LT] ACTS EL ET PAE RI LET ITAS MILT GLE BITS Lat se-Liat] JE-LT PLEA IALE~] SAIELE Rt] SAIELT BRLET PARLE at| PAFLILT lar lier LT Latiaz 4 e~ Lier ut RL ET Legoliet| Lad VLT) Laodutse wRL ES Loeobea list | LmobsGlTt| Lao bt 5tsS LET Lede iet] Lrg elt) Le goede REL ET Lactliag] Laltle) Lecers BBL ET LAO at] LAIOLT) LAOS weal ET HOMULEST] HomuLT) tomodse wRL ET HhAC Liat] HKAC LT) HLACTS ERLE egULEaT] FGCLT GIUTS BAT RET ont eiat| ont ast DHT LS eel ET ThbLitt| TAPLT ThbTS ase L et RELIG ET |SLELILT | SLE LITE HoT RET SoC tet] toTsT bok awlet zecuiad] £ecur) pers Beat yo sae CERF] FAK LT] GTSLost Loobral Lada Lacee LAditee Bool #LELL eae ATS ThbL RAELIL bots £eCU! Yea ll Teer BAEOLA FATALE DvtoLk ah Hockle AOE LE hE ALK 2e-Lk eo) SABLA wo] se¥25le ae re ae lie es] Ladle av[lmobs ole wf Lagan wwf Lact eu] UeitoLd wu] domo tol RAACLE wo] 25CLA wo] ones wol tAbLE ee] S25 LA eo) bot ak ef eect eo] sdk LR show around, show the way drive do shopping marry, got married tour, visita place to smady it do research copy take a walk [in a park] work overtime do, play put on [tie] repair 20 ona business tip introduce have a meal, dine worry explain wash (clothes) lean (a room) bring (someone) phone study bring (something) reserve, book study abroad akaME Supervisor RIG (Pour Yoshiko) RIL (shizawa Hoke) SIBLE Contributors HIE (Tanaka Yone) HEF (SewecdaSechito) SIMA (Shigekawa Akeni) SFREF (Madioa Akiko) BEER (Milogam Keiko) Jobe H Lats FES bse iD (Tanabe Kiyo) AEWEL (Sato Netsue) BRT ay cux MAME RES Hee 3 ALG SKE BSA a2 81 2G ROAST DMA KARE wae Ay-s-ky hyn Rie mer Ro HRALAY Zao ho? 710-0082 KAT ARMEAN STH CE boar cmmrenaP ne ee users wim cuGeTSN ATS began neta! Fm _amirnbreRaa isworerenoeea me BY -A YADA LAT. FROST BEM CRTAM (IL) FEE PARE L COPIERS. RESRTUET. ce| HhBORRE MW OK OB (COM) rm 2.500482 @ aff o—v5m(cD%) — 2.500RHE ea sccm FEE mon ocnn 20004 2238] 2000+ aE 2000F+8 BEEBE en 2000 Reo 20007545 RRB sm 2000+ hse 000 er ~ 2000784 APY FBR vm 2000 TSAR 2000+ BARGE) ——~ 20007848 2-88 20007588 ERS TEBE nm 2OOO HE 0 ATEN a BOO E 0 BF RBG Boom ORF Ahram ——— 12008 HR ae —~ 9007+ HOTRASKEIMRE —~ 1 3008 BARISAN 22008 (© 885181 CD-ROM 797 ~— 3000848 2500F+ 20007848 vn 200 Lb SER 200088 Ab LAERE « 2000848 197 2000+ 5-188 ~~ 2000+ ORME on DOOKIE oxnER sm 1ZOORH @ mucecoxumEE — 1200R+R © BD-RE SANE 24008 (© 128H4CO-ROM 799 3000818 GhEORSE REZ. @RELOER mnnmn 1.200 COOLS Pa eee IRB (CD 8) menos 2200 FFB ems EBB om 1 BOO RE RE 18008 ana 1800 +8 kav 1500+ BREE om BOO FB UE IRR mmm 1 600 232 2mm 1.60048 ARLE 1.600548 RADE 25007 onsnme n= SOOPER © ERCCDA9) neon 2800 ORR cme FEI oman 1,800 48 ame 18008+6 Ke eiR 1.800848 RATE mene 1 ROOF HE RUA ISI mm 1 BOO D9 ATBBE rn 1 BOOB © RAO S nn 2500 AA YOMTIPERMEES—EORAUTRORT, WT. AUT-a490-9 httpy//www.3anet.co.ip/ ——__________hittpiviwww3anetcojp/ |