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Bồi Dưỡng Học Sinh Giỏi Vật Lý Lớp 11 - Tập 1 - Nguyễn Phú Đồng PDF
Bồi Dưỡng Học Sinh Giỏi Vật Lý Lớp 11 - Tập 1 - Nguyễn Phú Đồng PDF
khong the tranh khoi. Rat mong nhan difdc sif dong gop, chia se cua cac thay c6 deu cho hai qua cau: q'l = q'2 = ' '
giao va cac em hoc sinh tren ca nifdc; Moi y kien dong gop xin gufi ve dia chi
ngphudong@gmail.com hoac khang vietbookstore@vahoo.com.vn. • khi cham tay vao mot qua cau nho dan dien da tich dien thi qua cau se
Xin tran trong gidi thi^u bo sach den quy thay c6 giao va cic em hoc sinh! mat dien tich va trd thanh trung hoa.
Chu bi6n
ThS. Nguyin Phii Dong 3
Bdi diiOng hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVHUhang Vi?t
- Khi mot dien tich diem q chju tac dung ctia nhieu life tac dung Fp F j , ... do c. C A C B A I T A P vi; Lye T U O N G T A C TITOI D I E N
1. Tl/CfNG T A C G I 0 A CAC D I E N T I C H D I E M DlfNG YfeN
cac dien tich diem qi, q2, ... gay ra thi hcJp life tac dung len q la:
1.1. Hai dien tich diem bang nhau dat trong chan khong, each nhau doan R = 4cm.
Li/c day tTnh dien giffa chiing 1^ F = 10'^N.
-f De xac djnh do Idn cua hdp luTc F ta c6 the diTa vao: **
a) Tim do Idn moi dien tich.
+ djnh l i ham cosin: F^ - Fj^ + F2 + 2FjF2Cosa (a la goc hdp bdi Fj va ). b) Tim khoang each R, giffa chiing de liTc day tTnh dien la F, = 2,5. lO^^N.
Bai giai
• F, va F2 cung chieu thi: F = F, + F2 (a = 0, cosa = 1). ^ a) Do Idn mSi dien tich
_ Vi: + Hai dien tich day nhau nen q, va q2 cung dau.
• F, va F2 ngiTdc chieu thi: F = IF, - F2I (a = n, cosa = -1).
+ Hai dien tich bang nhau nen: qi = q2. .. . '1
• F, va F2 vuong goc thi: F= ,JF^ + F^ (a = 90°, cosa = 0). - Theo dinh luat Cu-16ng:
-5
• Fj va F2 cung do Idn (Fi = F2) thi: F = 2Fi cos y . F =k = RJ^ =4.10-1 j i ^ 1,3.10 ' C
R^ R' 9.10^
+ phiTdng phap hinh chieu: F = ^jF[+F^ Vay: Do Idn cua moi dien tich la ^2 1,3.10"'C
(F, = Fu + F2x + Fy = F,y + F2y + ...) b) Khoang each R, giffa chung de life day tTnh dien la F, = 2,5.10"^'N
- Khi mot dien tich q du'ng yen thi help luTc tac dung len q se bang 0:
- Vdi khoang each R: F = k - ' ^ (1)
F = F, + F2 + ... = 6 R^
-f Cac life tac dung len dien tich q thi/dng gap la:
- Vdi khoang each R,: F' = k - 3 - (2)
+ trong life: P = mg (luon hu'dng xuong). R:
+ life tTnh dien: F = .SiSl. Q^^Q ne'u q, va q2 trai dau; \\ic day ne'u q, 10r5
- Suy ra: R, = R. — = 4. = 8cm.
8 •
y 2,5.10"^
va q2 Cling dau). , ,
Vay: De life day tTnh dien giffa hai dien tich la F, = 2,5.10 ''N thi khoang
+ liTc cSng day T. ; u
each giffa chiing la R| = 8cm.
+ lircdanh6icual6xo:F = k . A / = k ( / - / o ) .
•I FM 1.2. Hat bui trong khong khi d each nhau mot doan R = 3cm, moi hat mang dien
fi
tichq =-9,6.lO-'^C. _ H :
a) Tinh life tTnh dien giffa hai hat. 'iff''
b) Tinh so electron dirtrong moi hat bui, biet dien tich moi electron la e = 1,6.10-"C.
*" Bai giai y-• - ^ . r.
a) Lffc tTnh dien giffa hai hat , 1'\
Vuong goc Ciang do Idn ,-13x2
(-9,6.10-'-')
Ta cd: F = k = k^=9.10'. = 9,216.10'^C '
R' R^ (3.10-^)2
Vay: Life tTnh dien giffa hai hat la F = 9,216.10-'^C
A\
4
Cty TIMHH MTV UWH khang V i ^
B6i diiBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, t?p 1 - IMguygn Phu B6ng
tiep xiic nhau roi lai diTa ve vi tri cu, chiing day nhau bang lye F' = 3,6.10^N. _ Lire tac dung len q2: Fj = Fj2 + F32 =^ F2 = F12-F32 (Fj2;F32 ngiTdcchieu)
Tinhqi,q2.
qiq2 1 3 ^ 2 = 9.10'. ( - 1 0 " ' ) . 5 . 1 0 " 4.10"^5.10-
Bai giai .F, =k
AB= BC^ (5.10-^)' (10"')2
- Khi hai qua cau chU'a tiep xuc, ta c6:
FR^ ^2,7.10-^(2.10'^)^ .F2= 16,2.1 0 " ' N
F =k k ~ 9.10^ = 12.10
_ Lire tdc dung len qs: F3 = Fjj + F23 => F3 = F13 + F23 (F,3;F23 cung chieu)
=> qiq2 = 12.10'^ (1) (hai qua cau day nhau)
(-10"^).4.10" 5.10 ^4.10"
- Khi cho hai qua cau tiep xiic nhau roi tach ra xa nhau thi: F' = k
q;q2
.F3 = k I l l s + k ^ ' ' ' ' = 9.10'.( (4.10 ' ) ' + (10"')'
R^ AC^
.F3 = 2 0 , 2 5 . 1 0 " ' N
vai: q ; = q ^ = ^ 1.9. Ba dien tich diem q, = 4.10"^C, q2 = -4.10"^C, q3 = 5.10"*C dat trong khong
khi tai ba dinh ABC cua mot tarn giac deu, canh a = 2cm. Xac dinh vectd life
^1+^2 tac dung len q3. , ; „,,:•< is^jj. , .
-4
=> F' = k (q,+q2)= ±2RJ|^ = ±2.2.10"' 3,6.10 Bai giai
R^ V 9.10^
=^(q,+q2)= ±8.10-^ (2) Ta c6: F3 = ^^3 + F23, vdi F,3 = ; F23 =k
- Giai he (1) va (2) ta di^dc: q, = 6.10"' C va qz = 2.10 ' C; q, = -6.10"' C va
-v-9 a" a
q2 = -2.10"' C hoac q, = 2.10"' C va qz = 6.10"' C; q, = -2.10"' C va qz = -6.10"' C. Vi ll =12 .F,3 13'*23 = 120°
= F23Va a = (F,3,F23)
Vay: Dien tich cua cac qua cau khi chU'a tiep xiic nhau la: qi = 6.10"'C va 4.10"'.5.10
q2 = 2.10"'C; q, = -6.10"'C va qs = -2.10"'C hoac q, = 2.10"'C va q2 = 6.10"'C; =>F3 = F,3 = F23 = 9.10' = 45.10-^N
(2.10"')'
qi=-2.10"'Cvaq2 = -6.10"'C.
Vay: Vectd life tdc dung len q3 c6:
2. H ; G TONG HglP TAG DyNG LEN MOT D l t N TIGH + diem dat: tai C.
+ phi/dng: song song vdi AB.
1.8. Ba dien tich diem q, = -10"'C, q2 = 5.10"'C, = 4.10"'C Ian lu-dt dat tai A, + chieu: tiTAdenB.
B, C trong khong khi, AB = Scm, AC = 4cm, BC = 1cm. Tinh life tac dung len + doldtn:F3 = 45.10"^N. _i i
moi dien tich. , , , 1.10. Ba dien tich diem qi = qj = q3 = q =
Bai giai 1,6.10""C dat trong chan khong tai ba
Ta c6: AB = 5cm, AC = 4cm, BC = 1cm => AB = AC + CB C nkm trong dinh tarn giac deu canh a = 16cm. Xac
doan AB. djnh lire tac dung len dien tich q3.
c
B
e-
Bai giai
qi •" "" q3 q2
- Life tac dung len qi: Fj = F 2 j + F 3 1 =^ Fi = F21 + F31 (F^^pPsi '^""g'^hilu) Taco: F3 = F,, + F23, vdi
I1I3
1211 I3I1 5.10"V-10"'') 4.10-'.(-10"^) Fi3 =k
=>F, =k +k = 9.10'.( ( 5 . 1 0 " ' ) ' ) a
AB' AC^ ( 4 . 1 0 -2x2
"')
F23 = k I2I3
F, = 4 , 0 5 . 1 0 " ' N
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B6i duBng hoc sinh gi6i V$t 1^ 11, tjp 1 - NguySn PhO Dflng
C t y T N H H MTV DVVti |-,lunu UiAt
64.10"^(-10"'')
e.io-^Vi „.:d3f:! f|.:>f& 'O'ff! f'V
F23 = k = 9.10".
h2% = 36.10^N iMs sill •
(4.10"')^ =^ Fo = 3,6.10^ + 4,8.10"^ = 8,4.10"'N Ann
=>F3= >/F^TF^ = V(27.10-^)^+(36.10"^)^ =45.10'^N Vay: Vectd life tac dung len qo cd: ,
Vay: Vectd liTc tac dung len q^ cd: + diem dat: tai O.
+ diem dat: tai C. + phiTdng: vuong gdc vdi BC. \
+ phiTdng: CO (O la trung diem AB). + chieu: tij" A den BC.
+ doldn:Fo = 8,4.10-^N. " ^
13 _ AC
(tan OCB =
_
) 1.13. Hai dien tich q, = 4.10'^C, q2 = -12,5.10"*C dat tai A, B trong khong khi,
F23 BC AB = 4cm. Xac dinh lire tac dung len qj = 2.10"'C dat tai C vdi CA 1 AB va
+ chieu: tiT C den O. CA = 3cm. F '
T a c d : ^ = F , , + E , o - f 4 = F,o+F23, 1,! ^ 5 B
4.10^210"^
AC
11%
Fn =k = 9.10'^ ,-2x2 = 8.10^N
(3.10-^)
10 11
B6i clL0ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phd Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi?t
B a i giai „ AD^+HD^-AH^ \r
cosp = •
D o tinh doi xiJng nen ta chi can khao sat mot dien tich ba't k i , ch^ng han dien 2.AD.HD
tich tai B tren hinh ve.
aV3 1V3
Ta c6: F = F, + F3 + F4 + F5 + F,, v d i : a2 +
2 V 2 , _
,2
F, = F 3 = k 5 - ; a = 120°
2a.
w5
2 t.
=>F,3 = F, = F3 = k-
f 2^ 2 r 2V B
=>F^ = +
F 3 = k 4 = k - ^ = k - 3 i (c = 2a) D a a J
c^ (2a)2 4a2
Q2 2
F4 = Ffi = k \ k - 3 - ; b ' = ( 2 a ) ' - a ' = 3 a ^ p = 60°
b^ 3a2
V a y : Life tdc dung len m o i dien tich c6:
F 4 6 = 2F4Cos30° = 2k (3) + d i e m dat: tai cac dien tich. ' '•u >
3a2 2
+ phiTcfng: hdp v d i mat tur dien mot g6c a: cosa ^ — —
F =F , . F 3 . F . =k 4.k4.k^ .k4/'^"^^ 2 F E23
4a2'"3a2 '" a^ ' 12 ^3
12 13
B6i du8ng hpc sinh gi6i V?t ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang ViSt
2 2
f 2> ( 2 > ( 2\- TiTdng tir doi v d i cac d i e n tich q2, qs va q4.
— - Vay: D o Idn liTc tac dung len m o i dien tich la F « 0,45.10"'N.
I a' J I ^ J
2V2
cosa = a = 160°30'
0 Taco: = q2 = I 3 " I 4 ^2 q'4
2V^k^.Vik%-
Do'i v d i q,: Fi - F^, + + F^j + F,,, + F2,i + Vy, + V^., v d i :
Xac djnh life tac dung len m o i dien tich, ne'u: • Fri = F 3 i = F 4 i = k • = k-
(aV2)' 2a^
a) Co 2 dien tich q , = q2 = 1,6.10-"C tai A, C; 2 dien tich qa = q4 = - 1 , 6 . 1 0 - " C
t a i B ' va D ' . F 2 , = k \ ; F 2 , ( y ) = 0;F2,(z) = 0
F21(x) -
b) Co 4 d i e n tich q = 1,6.10""C va 4 dien tich - q dat xen ke nhau d 8 dinh cua
hinh lap phiTdng. F j K x ) = F31(y) = - F 3 l C O S 4 5 °
B a i giai
= -k-
a) Ta c6: 4 •\2'_.
2a2' 2
= k •= k-
(aV2)^ 2a^ Fri(x) = 0; Fn(y) = 0; Fn(z) = F n - k -
/I
F21(x) = F21(y) = - F 2 l C 0 S 4 5 ° ;v'
q^ 72 j-Uxl =
F^r.(x) —.F2.„z) = -F2-,cos45° = - k - ^ ^ . — =-—• k \ F2.,(y) = 9
= -k- '2a2'2 4 a^
2a^ 2
„2
F3'i(x) = Fruy) = Fruz) = F r . c o s A ' A C = k
F3UX, = F 3 , ( . , = F3,cos45° = = ^k^' Sa^'aVi 9 • a^
2a2 2
14 1
B6i duSng hpc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, tgp 1 - IMguygn Phu D6ng
TCr do: ,^ ,
+ C nam tren du'dng thang A B , ngoai doan A B , ve phia A .
Vay: Phai dat tai C , vdi A C = 4cm; B C = 12cm thi q3 se nam can bang,
a " a - a- b) Dau va dp Idn cua q3 de qi, q2 cung can bang
- De qi va q2 cung can bang thi: C A B
-Q-
2 9 a- . 4 H
F2, + F31 = 0 va F|2 + F32 =0 F21 = F 3 , va F12 = F32.
1.19. d moi dinh hinh vuong canh a c6 dat dien tich Q = lO'^C. Xac dinh dau, dp q2 10"^10
Idn dien tich q dat d tarn hinh vuong de ca he dien tich can bang? q = l. mg = 3.10-^'. = lO^C.
Bai giai hay k 1^^ = mg \^VK
V a y : D i e n tich q = 10-*C. ' "
- Vi dien tich d cac dinh hinh vuong nh\S nhau nen dien tich q dat d tarn hinh
vuong luon can bhng. 1.21. Hai qua cau kim loai nho giong nhau treo vao mot diem bdi hai day / =
- Vi he CO tinh doi xufng nen chi can xet dieu kien can b^ng cua mot trong cac 20cm. Truyen cho hai qua cau dien tich tong cpng Q = 8.10"^C, chung day
dien tich con lai, chdng han dien tich dat d D. nhau, cac day treo hdp thanh goc 2a = 90°. Cho g = lOm/sl
- De dien tich dat d D nam can bang thi: Fj4 + F24+F34+Fq= 6 a) Tim khoi lu'dng moi qua cau.
b) Truyen them cho mot qua cau dien tich q', hai qua cau van day nhau nhu'ng
=:>F'4 + F24 = Fq ( F , 4 + F 3 4 - F 4 ) g6c giiJa 2 day treo giam con 60°. Tinh q'. '
Bai giai ;:';•;:! si
a) Khoi liTdng moi qua cau . «
Ta c6: Kho'i lifdng moi qua cau la m; dien tich moi qua cau \k
-7
Q 8.10 = 4.10-'C.
- Cac liTc tac dung len mot qua cau: trpng liTc P , liTc c^ng day T v^ life dien F .
- Qua cau nam can bang nen: P + f + F = 6.
- Suy ra: F = P t a n a o k ^ =mg.tan45°(r= l\/2)
kq^ kq^
=>m = (lV2)^g.tan45° 2l2g.tan45°
-T\2
9.10 .(4.10'0
m=
2.(2.10')^10.1
- De Q ct D n^m can bhng thi q < 0 q = -—(2yf2 + \). = l,8.10-\g=l,8g.
4 Vay: Kho'i lu'dng cua moi qua cau la m = l,8g.
b) Dien tich truyen them cho mot qua cau
Vay: De ca he can bang thi q = - ^ ( 2 ^ / 2 +1). - Khi truyen cho mot qua cau dien tich q' thi
1.20. Hai qua cau kirn loai nho giong nhau moi qua c6 dien tich q khoi li/cfng goc giffa hai qua cau giam nen q' < 0. Vi
m = lOg, treo hd'i hai day ciing chieu dai / = 30cm vao ciing mot diem. GiiJ hai qua cau van day nhau nen (q + q') > 0.
qua cau I co djnh theo phifdng th^ng diirng, day treo qua cau II se lech goc - Dien tich cua qua cau di/Pc truyen
a = 60" so vdi phiTdng thang diifng. Cho g = lOm/sl Tim q. them dien tich la (q + q').
Bai giai q.(q + q')
- Cac life tac dung len qua cau II: trpng life P , = mg.tan30° (r' = 1}
- ri^dngtiTcaua, t a c 6 : F ' = P t a n a ' o k
lUccSngday f va li/cdien F . H
- Qua cau II nhm can bhng nen: P + f + F = 6. mg.tan30°.l^ 1,8.10"^10.^.(2.10"')^
q + q' kq = 1,15.10-'C '
- Tarn giac liTc "gach gach" 1^ tarn gidc deu n6n: F = P. P 9.10^.4.10 -7
IR, •. . . . • 19
B6i du8ng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 1 1 , t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Cty TNHH M T V DVVHj^h.nj Viet
V i q > 0 ; q ' <Onen: q' = 1,15.10'- 4.10'=-2,85.10 'C.
+ Cac li/c tac dung vao mot qua cau: trong lire P, lire cSng day f, va li/c
Vay: Dien tich truyen them cho mot qua cau la q' =-2,85.10"^C.
1.22 Hai qua cau nho bang kim loai giong nhau treo tren hai day dai vao cCing dien Fj.
mot diem, du'cfc tich dien bang nhau va each nhau doan a = 5cm. Cham nhe
+ Dieu kien can bang cua mot qua cau cho: F, - P t a n ^
tay vao mot qua cau. Tinh khoang each cua chung sau do. 2
Bai giai q a,
= mg.tan — (1)
Goi q, m la dien tich ban dau va khoi liTcJng cua moi qua cau. > , ? =T a, T 2
(2]sin-1)2
- Trirdc khi cham tay vao mot qua cau, dieu kien can bang cua mot qua cau cho: 2
2 Trong dien moi E:
tana = - « — (F = k ^ ; P = mg)
P 21 a + Cac lire tac dung vao mot qua cau: trong lire P, li/c cSng day , lire dien
du'cfc phan bo deu cho hai qua cau (q' = ~ ) ' hai qua cau lai day nhau va = (D,-D2)Vg.tan (2)
a •2 \2
e(2/sin--?)
khoang each giiJa chiing la a', lu'dng tiT, tCf dieu kien can bang ciia mot qua
cau lijc nay ta suy ra: - TiJ(l) va (2)suyra:
2kq^ • 2 «2 a, • 2 Ot,
(2)
mg . 2 _ n tan—*- D, sm -J-tan-i
3 a,
2«1 D,-D,
-1 sin tan ' ^ sm^-^tan-^
a q
— "4
sm^-J-tan—L
=> a = •w 3,15cm Vay: Gia tri cua £ theo D,, D2, a,, a2 la 8 =
D
^ </4 D, - D , • 2 "2 0I7
' ^ sm-^^tan-^
Vay: Khoang each giffa hai qua cau sau khi cham tay la a' « 3,15cm. ' 2 2
1.23. Hai qua cau nho giong nhau khoi lu'dng rieng Di du'dc treo bang hai day b) Dinh D, de a, = a2
nhe Cling chieu dai vao cCing mot diem. Cho 2 qua cau nhiem dien giong D, eD, i> > i i "I .'Mi(
Khi a, = a2 thi E =
nhau, chiing day nhau va cac day treo hdp goc a i . Nhiing he vao chat dien D,-D2 £-1
moi long cd khoi lUdng rieng D2, gdc giila 2 day treo la a2 < a i .
_
Vay: Gia tri cua D, de a, = aj la D, = ^^2
a) Tinh e cua dien moi theo Di, D2, a i , a2.
E ^
b) Dinh D, de aj = a,. , ' ' i>? ^ "f
1-24. Hai dien tich q, = 2.10'^C va q2 = -8.10"'C dat tai A va B trong khong khi,
Bai giai , ,
A B = 8cm. Mot dien tich qa dat d C. Hoi:
a) Tinh e cua dien moi theo Di, D2, tti, a2 ^) C 6 dau de q., can bang? Khi qj can bang, qj phai cd dau nhu" the nao de can
- Trong khong khi: ' • bang nay la can bang ben? khong ben?
20
Cty TNHH MTV DWH ku,^ ^|^,
B6i dU3ng hoc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9
b) Oa'u va do Idn cua qj de he can bang? K h i he can hKng, tW can bang cua he va k
• t
I ben hay khong ben? AB^ AC^ AB^ BC^
B a i giai ^AC^^
q3 = q2 (-8.10"'') = 8.10X
a) V i t r i cua C de q3 n ^ m can bang va dang can bang <" • vAB,
- V i tri cua C • , + V i qi > 0; q2 < 0 => q3 < 0: qj = - 8 . 1 0 ' C . 7 I
L6 xo CO chieu dai / ( 2 L >l> lo) nhuThinh ve. Xac dinh gia trj cua q?
mga = 3 ^ 3 .10^1
0,01.10.373.10"^
= a B a i giai na, vrs-it'nu'-i' ;
3.9.10% (5.10-^)^-^^:'?">! V i he C O tinh doi xifng nen ta ehi can xet mot qua cau, chang han qua cau
ben phai (hinh ve):
Cac liTc tac dung l e n qua cau: trong life P ; life dien F ; liTc dan hoi F , ; life
.10'^ = 1,14.10^C
quan tinh F^ ; liTc cang day T .
• fjiiVi-.'sri'fiCr
V a y : D i e n tich cua m o i qua cau la q = ± 1,14.10"^C.
_ Qua cau nam can bang nen: P + F + Fj + F + T = 0 (1)
1,26. M o t vong day ban kinh R = 5cm tich dien Q phan bo deu tren vong, vong
dat trong mat phang thang diJng. Qua cau nho m = I g tich dien q = Q diTdc _ Tir(l)suyra: F - F, = (P + F;,)tana '•^isl ,. . - i ^ ^ . g W i. (2)
treo bKng mot day manh each dien vao diem cao nha't cua vong day. K h i can
k ^ - k ' ( / - / o ) = (mg + m | ) . -
bang, qua cau nam tren true cua vong day. Chieu dai cua day treo qua cau la 1^
/ = 7,2cm, tinh Q.
Bai giai i UJ
- Cac lire tac dung len qua cau: trong liTc P ; life dien F ; liTc cang day T . ^2 3
:^ k ^ l = ^mg. . ' +k'(/-/o)
- Qua cau nam can bang nen: P + F + T = 0 .
P - - ,
- Tarn giac lU'c "gach gach" cho: F = , vdi: F = I d F (tong cac liTc dien 3mgl
tana + 2k'(l-lo)
cua cac phan tuf nho cua vong day tac dung len q)
kq 3mgl
P = mg; F = ZdF.eosa = ZdQ.cosa= V a y : D i e n tich cua m o i qua cau la =1 + 2k'(l-lo)
I'
kQ' mg
—-^.cosa =
tana
Chmendil: DIEN TRi/dNG
kQ^ mg mgl
(sina = y ) A. T O MT A TKIEN THirC
sma R
I. Di^ntrirt/ng '
10--\l0.7,2.10"^ 1. Di^n triftfng: D i e n triTdng sinh ra bdi dien tich Q la viing khong gian ton
Q =7,2.10-1, = 9.10-^C. •)OQ:ilmmT
" kR V 9.10'^.5.10"^ tai xung quanh dien tich Q va tac dung liTc dien l e n dien tich khdc dat
du'dc no'i vdi nhau bang mot 16 xo nhe each dien, chieu tn/5ng do dien tich diem Q gay ra tai diem Q>0 E M
dai tif nhien cua lo xo la /o, dp ciJng k ' . M o t sdi chi, M each Q mot doan r eo: 0-—^
+ D i e m dat: T a i M . Q<0
each dien, manh, nhe khong dan, c6 chieu dai 2 L , moi
dau day ehi dUdc gan vdi mot qua cau. Cho diem giffa + Phu-Png: Dirdng thang noi Q va M .
O cua sdi day chi chuyen dong thang duTng hu'dng len + Chieu: HiTdng ra xa Q neu Q > 0; hiTdng ve Q neu Q < 0.
vcti gia toe a , c6 dp Idn bang ^ (g gia toe rPi tif do). + Do Idn: E = - . (k = 9 . 1 0 ' ^ ( ^ ^ ) ; e: h^ng so dien m o i ) .
e r
Bfii dUSng hpc sinh gidi Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
3 . MO'i quan h$ giffa ctfcfng do di§n trUcfng Itfc d i ^ n trtfcfng: K h i dat dien
+ Neu(Ej,E2)=a va E, = E 2 thi E = 2 E , . c o s | .
tich thur q trong dien trong dien truf&ng E thi q se chju tac dung ciia life
dien trUtJng F , v d i : " j ' " i - - ... i-- • u Tri/cJng hdp dien tich nam can bang trong dien triTdng thi tit d i e u k i e n can
+ Do Idn: F = IqlE. : - ta CO the diTa vao phifdng phap "tam giac life", phiTdng phap hinh chieu nhiT da
4. N g u y e n l i c h o n g cha't d i $ n t r t f t f n g : N e u trong M E, diing cf chuyen de 1 de xac dinh cac dai lu'dng can tim theo cac dai lu'dng da cho.
khong gian c6 nhieu dien tich d i e m Q i , Q2, ... thi Do'i vdi nhffng vat c6 kich thffdc (c6 hinh dang dac biet), de tinh cffdng dp
dien trUdng tdng h d p do cac dien tich nay gay ra dien trffdng do vat do gay ra ta c6 the dung mot trong hai each sau:
tai d i e m M each Q i , Q2, ... Ian lUdt la r i , Vj, ... la: + Cac/i 7: Phi^cJng phap vi phan: ^ '
E = E,+E2+... E • Chia vat thanh nhieu vat raft nho, moi vat nho do dffdc coi nhiT mot dien
• Cffdng dp dien trffdng do vat gay ra la tong hdp cua cffdng dp dien triTdng
1. D i ^ n thong: Dien thong (thong liTdng dien
tru'dng) qua dien tich S la dai lu'dng xac dinh b d i : do nhieu vat ra't nho (dien tich diem) gay ra: E = l A E j
N = ES.cosa ( a la goc hdp bdi vectd E va phap • TCf tinh doi xilng cua vat ta xac dinh dffdc hufdng va dp Idn cua E .
'{ tuyen n cua dien tich S ) + Cdch 2: Phu'dng phap dung dinh l i 0 - G :
2. D j n h If O s t r o g r a d s k i - Gauss; D i e n thong qua mat k i n c6 gia trj bang • Tinh dien thong: N = ES.cosa ( a la goc hdp bdi hiTdng cua E va hffdng
tong dai so' cac dien tich c6 mat ben trong mat do chia cho SQ : phap tuyen n ciia S).
B. NHtJNQ CHU Y KHI GlAl BAI TAP C. C A C BAI T A P V £ DIEN TRUdNQ * '
- Can phan biet giffa yeu cau " t i n h " va "xac d i n h " cffdng dp dien trffdng: tinh 1. CUOING DO D I E N TRl/OfNG DO D I ^ N T I C H D I E M G A Y R A . LlJC
(tinh do Idn), xac dinh (ca d i e m dat, phffdng, chieu va dp Idn). DIEN TRUCJNG T A C DVNG L E N D I E N T I C H D I E M
- K h i bieu dien vectd cffdng dp dien trffdng do mot dien tich d i e m gay ra can 2.1. Q u a cau bang k i m loai, ban kinh R = 5cm dffdc tich dien diTdng q, phan bo deu.
chu y den dau cua dien tich: Q > 0 ( E hudng xa Q ) , Q < 0 ( E hiTdng ve Q ) .
T a dat a = la mat dp dien mat (S: dien tich mat cau)
Cong thUiC tinh cffdng dp dien triTdng do dien tich d i e m gay ra cung di/dc
s
dung de tinh cffdng dp dien trffdng do mot qua cau tich dien phan bo deu gay
Cho a = 8,84.10''' C / m l Hay tinh dp Idn cua ciTdng dp dien triTdng tai diem
ra vdi r la khoang e a c h tCr tam qua cau den d i e m ta xet.
each be mat qua cau doan 5cm.
- Trffdng hdp c6 nhieu dien tich d i e m Q i , Q 2 , . . . gay ra tai d i e m M cac ciTdng
B a i giai
dp dien trffdng E , , E 2 t h i ta dung nguyen l i chong cha't dien trffdng de xac
Chpn mat Gauss la mat cau S' dong tam vdi qua cau, ban kinh r = 10cm.
dinh cirdng dp dien triTdng tong hdp tai M . D e tinh dp Idn ciTdng dp dien
~ D i e n thong qua m a t s ' l a : N = ES'.cos a = E S ' = E . 4 7 I T ^
trffdng tong hdp tai M can chii y cac trUdng hdp dac biet sau:
~ Theo dinh l i 0 - G ta cd: N = 4 r t k l q i = 47tkoS = 47ika.47tR^ = 167r^R^ka.
+ N e u E p E 2 Cling chieu thi E = Ej + E 2 .
=>E.47cr2 = 1 6 7 r ^ R 2 k o = > E = 4 7 i k ( - ) ^ a
+ N e u E j , E 2 ngi/dc chieu thi E = IE, - E2I.
=>E = 4.3,14.9.10^(—)^8,85.10-^ = 2 , 5 . l O W / m .
+ N e u E p § 2 vuong goc thi E = ^E^+E^ . 10 -
27 •
B6i duBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguy§n Phu D6ng
Vay: Dp Idn cua cUdng dp dien trUdng tai diem each be mat qua ciu doan a) H, trung diem AB.
M each A 1cm, each B 3em.
5cmla E = 2,6.1 OW/m.
2.2. Proton dirpcdat vao dien tru'dngdeuE= 1,7.1 OV/m. ,• c) N hdp vdi A, B thanh tarn giac deu. i''
a) Tinh gia toe cua proton, biet mp = 1,7.10 " k g . Bai giiii
b) Tinh van toe proton sau khi di dU'pe doan du'dng 20cm (van toe dau bang ^ Vectd cirdng dp dien triTdng tai trung diem 11 cua AB
khong). Ta c6: E^=E^+E^ . ' '
Bai giai Vi Ej eung chieu vdi Ej nen EH = E I + E2.
a) Gia toe cua proton: Bo qua trpng li/c tac dung vao proton, gia toe cua proton la:
^-19 vdi E, = k — i - ; E 2 = k . . A H = B H - — = - = - = lcm =10-^m
F 2 2 2
^ = 1,6.10" m/s' AH^ BH'
a= —
'm mp 1,7.10'^' . I'
,9 4.10
. E H = 9.10^ = 72.10' V/m
Vay: Gia toe eiia proton trong dien tru'dng la a = 1,6.10''* m/s^. (10-^)^ i\o~^f
E,
b) Van toe proton sau khi di dU'pe doan du'dng 20cm
Vay: Vectd cu'dng dp dien triTdng tai H eo: ©- -
Taco: v 2 - V ( ^ = 2 a s =^ v = ^ v ^ + 2as = +2.1,6.10''*.0,2 =8.10^m/s H E2 EH B
+ diem dat: tai H. ^
Vay: Van toe proton sau khi di dU'pe doan du'dng 20cm la v = 8.10'' m/s. + phu'dng: du'dng thang AB.
2.3. Electron dang chuyen dpng vdi van toe VQ = 4.10^m/s thi di vao mot dien + chieu: ttj" A den B (eung chieu vdi E, va E^).
trU'cJng deu, cUdng dp dien tru'dng E = 910 V/m, V Q eilng chieu diTdng siJc + dp Idn: E H = 72.10'V/m.
b) Vectd cu'dng dp dien triTdng tai diem M
dien tru'dng. Tinh gia toe va quang du'dng electron chuyen dpng cham dan
deu CLing chieu du'dng siJe. Mo ta chuyen dpng ciia eleetron sau do. Taco: E^=E^+E^
Bai giai - V i A M = AB + B M = > M nam tren diTdng thang AB, ngoai doan AB, ve phia A.
^ ! V i electron mang dien tich am nen life dien tru'dng F tac dung len electron - V i E , ngi/dc chieu vdi E2 nen EM = | E I - E J
se ngu'de chieu vdi chieu dien tru'dng E nghla la ngu'dc chieu vdi chieu -10
4.10
, chuyen dpng cua electron nen electron se chuyen dpng cham dan deu, cung vdi E, = k- = 9.10^. = 36.10' V/m. rV 01} ,
AM^ (10-')'
chieu vdi chieu du'dng sdc dien tru'dng vdi gia toe:
,-10
E2= k .= 9.10'. = 4.10'V/m.
„ , £ . : £ ^ . < - ' . ' ^ - ' ° - " ) ; ' " ' > . - 1 . 6 . 1 0 " nvs' ,-2x2
m m 9,1.10"^' BM' (3.10"^)
+ d i e m dat: tai M .
Vi ; N A = N B = a; a = 120° = > E N = E l = E2 = k
+ phiTdng: dirdng thang A B . K ^2
30 31
BoiduSng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Mguyen Phi'i Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
A H 3 B a i giai
Vi = 10 *C; cosa = TT~-~ " e n Ei = E2 = k -
MA 5 MA^ .4. aV2
V i q i = q2 = q3 = q4 = q ; r, = r j = r j = r4 = - y - nen E i = E2 = E 3 = E 4 .
10"^ 3
= > E M = 2 E , c o s a = 2.9.10^- a) Trufdng hdp dau cua cac dien tich Ian lu'dt la + + + +:
(5.10"^)^ 5
= 0,432.10^ V/m. E o = E i + E 2 + E 3 + E 4 = E,3+E24 ^ E o = 0 ';J '
Vay: Cifdng do dien tri/dng tai d i e m M c6: Vay: Tru'dng hdp dau cua cac dien tich Ian li/dt la + + + + t h i Eo = 0.
+ d i e m dat: tai M . b) Tru'dng hdp dau cua cac dien tich Ian liTdt la + - + - : :\
2.10. Tai ba dinii A, B, C ciia hinh vuong ABCD canh a dat 3 di^n tich q giong Ta c6: E,^ = E, + . V i q, = qj = q ; A M =B M nen
nhau (q > 0 ) . Tinh E tai:
q _ ; cosa = cosA =
' a) Tarn O hinh vuong. , , b)DinhD. E, = E 2 = k- = k
A M ' a^+h^ Va^ + h^
Bai giai
kqa
a) CiTcfng do dien tru'dng tai tarn O: ^EM = 2E|COsa = 2 k = 2-
- VI q, = q2 = q3 = q; r, = = rj = nen Ej = E2 = E3.
vay: CiTcJng do dien triTdng E M tai M tren trung triTc cua A B c6:
• Eo = E , + E 2 + E 3 = E , 3 + E 2
+ d i l m dat: tai M .
- V i E, \h E 3 ngiTdc chieu nen £ , 3 = 6 nen Eo = Ej. + phiWng: song song vdi AB. 'i an.i 'nis! ^n&'i/if ;,3 .ev • ^
q _ 21cq + chieu: tir A d e n B. , ^ ,
=> E n = k
+ d61dn:EM= 2
(a2+h2)2
1 , kq
- VI q, = q2 = q3 = q < 0; r i = rz = r3 = a nen El = E2 = E3 = k ^ .
2a^ 2'n2
2.11. Hai dien tich qi = q > 0 va q2 = - q dat tai A , B trong khong khi. Cho A B = 2a. E23 = 2E2Cos30° = 2 k W. : / l = Vik 4 ''
a^ 2-
a) Xac dinh ciTdng do dien tru'dng E M tai M tren trung triTc cua A B , cdch A B
E23 n\m tren duTdng cao SH cua tam giac SBC.
doan h.
b) Xac djnh h de E M dat ciTc dai. Tinh gid tri ciTc dai nay. Suy ra: E^ = E^ + E23 + 2EjE23Cosp, , - ;
35
Bi5i du3ng hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyin Phu Bfing
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
va EBD- = 2EBCOsa2 = 2.
4 kq Vi kq
2 2 3 a2 3
cosP =
V I E ^ c '^""S ^B'D' = EAC + EBD'
2a.
2
8V3 k q 8^3 k q 1673 k q
N2
> Eo —
9 9 9 a^
+ 2.
^/I = 6 k4 Vay: Do Idn ciTdng do dien triTdng tai tarn O iiinh lap phiTdng la j . ,;
V ^ y
I6V3 k|q|
.Es= A / 6 - va E 5 hiTdng ve tarn tam giac ABC. y a
2.14. Cho hai dien tich diem qi va q2 dat d A, B trong khong khi, AB = 100cm.
Vay: VecW ciTdng do dien triTdng tai dinh S cua tu" dien c6: Tim diem C tai do ciTdng do dien triTdng tdng hdp bang khong vdi:
a) qi = 36.10-^C; q2 = 4.10-^C. b) q, = -36.10-'C; q2 = 4.10-*C.
+ dpldn:Es= .
Bai giai
+ hirdng: tiT S den O (ban doc tiT chUng minh!). a) Khiq, = 36.10-'^C;q2 = 4.10-''C
2.13. Hinh lap phiTdng A B C D A ' B ' C ' D ' canh a trong chan khong. Hai dien ticii Ta c6: E^ = Ej + E j . De E^ = 0 => E, = - § 2 , siiy ra:
Qi = q2 = q > 0 dat d A, C; hai dien tich qj = q4 = - q dat 6 B ' , D ' . Tinh do Idn + C nam trong doan AB (vi q,, q2 ciing dau).
curdng do dien triTdng tai tam O hinh lap phiTdng.
^2
+ E| = E2 <=> k =k
Bai giai
AC^ BC —^-^
Ta c6: EQ = E^ + Ec + E 3 , + E^. = E^^ + ^g.^, C B
s<! 'hi AC 36.10 -6
- =3 (1)
vdi A C = A ' C = VAA'^+A'C^ = 7a2+(aV2)2 -6
BC ^2 V 4.10
= aVs i vaAC + BC=:AB = 100cm (2)
=> AC = 75cm va BC = 25cm
= > A O = C O = B'0 = D'0= — = —
2 2 Vay: Khi q, = 36.10-'C; q2 = 4.10^^C, de E^ = 0 thi AC = 75cm va BC = 25cm.
b) Khi q, = -36.10'C; qj = 4. lO'^C , ,
AO = CO = B'0 = D'0; Taco: E ( , = E | + E 2 . D e E^-^O => E, = - E 2 , suy ra: ,i .
CC'_ a _73 + C nam ngoai doan AB, ve phia B (vi q,, q2 trai dau; q, > q 2 ) •
costti = cosa2 =
CA'"a73" 3
^2
+ E, = E, o k =k —>
ndn EA = Ec = EB- = ED- = k
4 kq
B AC" BC e-
f rr\2 3 a2
.71 AC 36.10 -6
2 = 3 (3) 1 fllH I 'i
V y
BC ^2 1 4.10 -6
4 kq 7^ 873 k q v a A C - B C = AB = lOOcm
= > EAC = 2 E A C 0 s a i = 2. (4)
3 a2 3 => AC = 150cm va BC = 50cm
V§y; Khiq,=-36.10-^C;q2 = 4.10-'^C, de' £ ^ - 0 thi AC = 150cm va BC = 50cm.
36 37
B6i du3ng hqc sinh gidi vat ly 11, t?p 1 - NguySn Phu D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khann Vi$t
2.15. Cho hai dien tich q,, q2 dat tai A va B, A B = 2cm. B i e t q, + q2 = 7.10^^C va B a i giai
d i e m C each qi 6cm, each qa 8cm c6 ciTdng do dien triTcJng E = 0. T i m qi, q2- Cdc lyc tdc dung len hon b i : ,
B a i giai :f. ;.; , .* + Trong li/c P = mg (hi/dng xuo'ng). 1
Ta c6: + A B + BC = A C => C nam ngoai doan A B nen qi va q2 trai dau. + Lire day A c - s i - m e t F ^ - - D V g (hiTdng len)
+ B C > AC
+ Li/c dien tru-dng: F = qE (hiTdng xuong neu q > 0; hiTdng len neu q < 0).
H6nbinimcanbang(lc(lijrng)khi: P+ F^+F =0 O F + F = 6
Vi = Ej + = 0 => E, = E2 <=> Ic
AC^ BC' V I P > FA nen P ' = P - FA => F phai hu'dng len => q < 0 va F = P - FA.
BC^ 8^ 64^_I6 E = mg-DVg ' ,
AC^ 36 ~ 9
B ^ m g - D ^ g = 9.10"^ 10-800.10'*'. 10 ^ 2 10'^C ^
16
(1) E 4,1.10' • ^
q2 = - - q ,
Viq<0 nen q = - 2 . 1 0 ' C .
va q, + q2 = 7.1 O^^C =^ q, =-9.10"^C va q2 = 16.1 Q-^C.
Vay: D i e n tich cua bi de no can bhng Id lufng trong dau la q = -2.10"'C.
V a y : Gia trj cac dien tich q,, q2 la q, = -9.10^^C va = 16.10"*C.
Hai qud cau nho A va B mang nhiJng dien tich Ian lUdt -
2.16 Cho hinh vuong A B C D , tai A va C dat cac dien tich q, = qj = q. H o i phai
2.10^'C va 2 . 1 0 ' C diTdc treo d dau hai sdi day t d each dien
dat d B dien tich bao nhieu de curing do dien tru'dng d D bkng khong? N
dai bang nhau. Hai d i e m treo day M v^ N cdch nhau 2cm;
B a i giai
khi can bang, vj t r i cac day treo c6 dang nhi/ hinh ve. H o i
- Cu'dng do dien tru'dng do qi, gay ra tai D la: E j j = Ej + E 3 . de du'a cde day treo trd ve vj tri thang dufng ngu'di ta phai
V i q, = q3 = q; A D = C D = a nen E.j = 2EiCOs45°. * B dung mot dien tru'dng deu c6 hufdng n i o va do Idn bao
q S nhieu?
= ^ E n = 2k = V2k
a" 2 a' B a i giai
- De E D = 0 thi phai dat tai B dien tich q ' sao cho E2 = E ^ . - De diTa cac day treo trd ve vj tri thang dilng
khong. VI q, < 0 nen E ngiTdc chieu v d i F nghla la cilng chieu v d i F (hirdng tuf
2.17. M o t hon bi nho bang kirn loai dU'cIc dat trong dau. Bi c6 the tich V = 10mm\ ^ a i sang phai).
khoi lU'cfng m = 9.10"'kg. Dau c6 khoi liTcfng rieng D = 800kg/m\t ca difdc dat V d i qua cdu B: TiTdng tir. ^ \
trong mot dien tru'dng deu, E hudng thang duTng tif tren xuong, E = 4,1.10^V/ni- ^%r. De dira cac day treo trd ve vi tri th^ng diJng can phai dung mot dien
T i m dien tich cua bi de no can bang Id lijfng trong dau. Cho g = lOm/s^. trirdng deu c6 hiTdng tCr trai sang phai va cd do Idn E = 4,5.10" V/m.
39
Bfli duang hoc sinh gi6i Vjtt 1^ 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
Bai giai a) Tri^ng hdp hai mat phang dat song song • -
a) Cu'dng do dien tru'dng do ban phang gay ra * Vdi mot mat phang: Chpn mat Gauss la hinh tru c6 dtfdng sinh vuong goc vdi
Chon mat Gauss la hinh tru c6 dudng sinh vuong g6c vdti day, hai day hinh ddy, hai day hinh tron c6 dien tich S va each deu ban phang doan h.
tron CO dien tich S va each deu ban phang doan h. + Dien thong qua mat Gauss: N = ZEiAScosa2 + = 2EiS. < ,•
- Dien thong qua mat Gauss: N = Nj + N2. + Theo dinh li Ostrogradski - Gaus:
+ Phan dien thong qua mat ben: N| = ZEiAScosai = 0 (vl cosai = 0). N=-Iqi +
+ Phan dien thong qua hai day: N2 = SEiAScosa2 = 2ES. h
=> 2E,S = — l a A S = — CT.2S -1
=> N = 2ES +
-I, Theo djnh li Ostrogradski - Gaus: N = +
+ = E2 <—
28,
h
2ES = — laAS = a.2S < • + - Vdi hai mat phang: E = Ej+E2
^0
+ Ben trong hai mat phang: E, va E2 cung chieu nen
E=
J E = E, + E , = 2- g _ g
28„
Vay: Cu'dng do dien tru'dng do mat phang gay • 2e 0 ~ e"0 ; g.,
ra tai diem each mat ph^ng doan h: E + Ben ngoai hai mat phang: E, va E, ngUdc chieu nen
+ la dien triTctng deu, c6 hu'dng vuong goc
E = E, - E, = a = 0.
vdi vdi ban phang, c6 do Idn E = 2e.
• b) Tru'dng hdp hai mat phang hdp vdi nhau goc a
+ khong phu thuoc vao khoang each ttr diem Vi El = E2 nen:
ta xet den ban ph^ng. + Ben trong hai mat phang:
b) Tinh dien tich q „-„.a - CT . a a . a
- Cac life tac dung len q: trong life P, liTc dien E = 2Eism — = 2 . sm — = — .sm — . .
tru'dng F, liTc cang day f . 2 28o 2 So 2 a a a
.cos— = — cos—.
2 So 2
- Tam giac liTc cho: tana = — = + Ben ngoai hai mat phang: E = 2E1COS— = 2 —
mg 2mgeo Vdi q > 0
40 41
B6\g hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phu P6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
2.12. Mot ban phang rong v6 han dMc tich dien va dat vao mot didn tri/cfng deu. Theo dinh H Ostrogradski - Gaus:
Biet cifdng do dien triTdng tong hOp d ben trii vh ben phai cua ban \h Ei, E2 N =— E.Tir/ = — Lqi =—
hufdng vuong goc vdi ban, dp Idn Ei vh E2. Hay tinh mat dp dien mat a ciia ^0 ^0
ban va life dien tac dung len mot ddn vj dien tich ciia b^n. )f»n ** Lr:;^ M
=>E =
2ne(,r 1
a) Mat d6 dien mat cua bin ph^ng lJ4^4k(»:' Vay: CiTdng dp dien tru^dng gay bdi mot 1
Chpn mat Gauss la hinh tru c6 di/dng sinh vu6ng gdc vdi day, hai day hinh day thang dai v6 han tich dien deu la 1
tron cd dien tich S va each deu ban ph^ng doan h.
- Dien thong qua mat Gauss: N = Ni + N2. E= • E2
sf + Phan dien thong qua mat ben: Nj = ZEiAScosai = 0 (vi cosai = 0). ' ' 27re()r
+ Phan dien thong qua hai day: N2 = Z E i A S c o s a 2 = E i S + E 2 S = ( E i + E 2 ) S . 2.23. Hai day dan thing dai v6 han dat song song trong khong khi cich nhau
=> N = ( E | + E 2 ) S
E, + doan a, tich dien cung da'u vdi mat dp dien dai X.
- Theo dinh li Ostrogradski - Gaus: N = — Tq, a) Xae dinh E tai mot diem trong mat phlng doi xiJng giffa hai day, each mat
4-
^0 phang chufa hai day doan h.
• => ( E l + £ 2 ) 8 = — S a A S = — < r +
b) Tinh h de E ciTc dai va tinh gia trj cure dai nay. ''*'
^0 ^0 i B a i giai
=> a = 8o(Ei + E2) a) CiTdng dp dien triTdng tai mot diem trong mat phing doi xilng giffa hai day
Vay: Mat dp dien mat a cua ban la a = eo(Ei + E2). Chpn hai mat Gauss la hai hinh tru true la eac day dan, hai day ede hinh tru
b) LiTc dien tac dung len mot ddn vj dien tich cua ban - la hinh tron cd ban kinh r, chieu cao /. (1) 2)
Ta cd: F = F, + , vdi F , ' = a E , = eo(E, + E 2 ) E , , YiXi=X2=X;
h +—
>
= eo(Ei + E2)E2.
F2' = a E j r, = r2 = r = .2. 1
E = 2EiCosa = 2. X h Xh
Vay: LiTc dien tdc dung len mot ddn vi dien tich cua bdn la F' = — E f - E ^
1
27ieor r ^ ^ r ^
2 " dien deu
2.22. Tinh cufdng dp dien triTdng gay bdi mot day th^ng dai v6 han tich
(mat dp dien dai X) tai diem each day doan r. (h^ + ^ - ) TriTdng hdp X >0
4
B a i giai
Chpn mat Gauss la hinh tru dong true vdi day, hai ddy hinh tron c6 hin kinh Vay: Ci/dng dp dien trUdng tai mot diem trong mat phing doi xtfng giffa hai
r, chieu cao/. re - day, each mat phing ehiJa hai day doan h la E = ^
- Dien thong qua mat Gauss: N = Ni + N2. / • I: /
4
+ Phan dien thong qua hai day: N| =i;EiASeosai = 0(vicosai = 0).
+ Phan dien thong qua mat ben: N2 = ZE,AScosa,2= ES = E.27tr/. b) Gia tri cua h de E eifc dai
^ N = E.7tr/
42* 43
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi?t
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ng
Vay: Cu:dng dp dien truTdng tai diem each tam qua cau doan r k h i r < R la
X .3
TCrE = • => E = E„,ax k h i M = h + — min => h = ~
^ 0 ,u2, a "^0 a 4h E ^ ^ ; k h i r > R la E =
(h^+—) 38
4 4h
1 2 25. Ben trong mot qua cau mang dien vdi mat dp dien khoi p c6 mot I 6 hong hinh
va E„,ax =
- 0 ( a ^ ^ ^ TOoa c l u . Xac dinh dien tru'dng tai mot diem bat k i cua lo hong trong triTdng hdp:
a) Lo hong c6 cung tam vdi qua cau.
2 4.^
2 w T a m Or cua qua cau each tam O2 ciia 16 hong mot khoang d.
Bai giai
Vay: Gid t r i cua h de E ciTc dai la h = - va Emax = — ^ •
2 TtEga a) Tru'dng hdp lo hong c6 ciing tam v d i qua cau
2.24. Qua cau ban kinh R tich dien deu vdi mat do dien k h o i p va dat trong _ Gpi Ej la ciTdng dp dien triTdng do qua cau
khong k h i . T i n h ciTdng do dien tri/dng tai d i e m each tam qua cau doan r dac (khong c6 lo hong), mat dp dien khoi p
(trong va ngoai qua cau). gay ra tai d i e m M ; E j la ciTdng dp dien
Bai glai tru'dng do qua cau dac (c6 kich thUdc bang
Tac6: lo hong), mat dp dien k h o i - p gay ra tai
+ Du'dng sijrc dien triTdng la nhiTng du'dng thang hudng doc theo ban kinh qua cau. d i e m M . Theo nguyen l i chong chat dien
+ D p Idn ciTdng dp dien tru'dng tai cac d i e m nam tren cCing mat cau c6 gia tri tri/dng, ta c6: E,^ = Ej + E j
nhiT nhau.
Chpn mat Gauss la mat cau dong tam vdi qua cau tich dien: - Theo ke't qua bai tren, ta c6: Ej = - ^ . f ; E j
3£A 3Sn
- D i e m M nam ben trong qua cau: r i < R:
+ D i e n thong qua mat cau S , (ban kinh r,) la: N = E S i = E . 4nrj^ . Ef^ = — . r + — . r = 6 (r la khoang each tiT hai tam chung O j , O2
3EO 36(5
V a y : K h i O i = 0 2 t h i E^, = 0 .
,, p. — Ttr;
pV _ ^ 3 1 ^- - R b) Tru'dng hdp tam O i cua qua cau each tam O2 cua lo hong mot khoang d
E.47tr/ = =>E=-H1 O
^0
"0 ''O
3en
-"'O - Tirpng tir, ta c6: E , = — .rj; = (r, = O ^ ; ^ = O^M)
38 38.
- D i e m M nam ben ngoai qua cau: Vi > R:
0,M
+ Theo dinh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = — Zq, - V l E , ~ r , ; E 2 ~ r 2 = > ^ = ii-= - ^
E2 rj O 2 M
O r M
d r, -
E = =>EM =
pd pd 3 r..
45
AA
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - Mguyen Pliu Dony Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
Vay: Khi tam O i cua qua cau each tarn O2 cua I 6 hong mot khoang d thi 3, Di?n tM' gSy ra hdi cac di$n tich diem
k Q
CO chieu tuf O, den O2 va c6 do Idn EM = — . '•' ' ' • _ Dien the f^dy ra bdi mot dien tich diem Q:W=—.— ( = 0)
e r
2.26. Mot v6 cau ban kinh trong Ri, ban kinh ngoai R2 mang dien tich Q phan bo (r la khoang each tijf dien tich diem Q den diem ta xet)
deu theo the tich. Tinh cU'dng do dien trU'cJng tai ncfi each tam qua cau doan r. _ Dien the f^dy ra bdi h$ di$n tich diem Q,, Q2, Goi V i , V2,... la dien the
do cac dien tich Q], Q2,... gay ra tai diem M trong dien trUdng. Dien the
toan phan do he dien tich tren gay ra tai M la: •' IV''
- Thetichvocaula: V = V 2 - V , = ^7r(R^-R^). • " - - • ^
V = V , + V 2 + . . . . = SVj ..;.Vi. •••1 „
- Mat do dien tich kh6l cua v6 cau la: He thurc tren la npi dung cua nguyen 11 chong cha't dien th6'.
4. LiSn gii?a cifofng dO di^'n trift/ng va hi$u di$n thfi' ,
UMN = Ed ^ . _ • ^'
V 4;r(R5-Rf)
M , N la hai diem tren cCing mot diTdng siJc;
- Tai diem ben trong qua cau ( r < R i ) : M N
E la ci/dng do dien tru'dng cua dien triTdng
E = 0(xem bSi 2.25).
deu; d la khoang cdch giffa hai diem doc ^—=^
- Tai diem ben ngoai v6 cau (r > R2):
theo mot di/cfng suTc c6 hieu dien the la U. ^ ^
DR^
I L T h ^ ' n a n g t l n h di$n
E = (xem bai 2.24).
The nang cua dien tich q dat tai diem M trong dien tru'dng dac tri/ng cho kha
nang sinh cong cua dien triTdng khi dat dien tich q tai M :
- Tai diem trong v6 cau (Ri < r < Rj): E = (xem bai 2.24). ^ osdT
W, = qV
B. NHinSQ C H U Y KHI G l A l B A I T A P
ChuwndeS: D I E N T H E VA H I E U D I E N T H E k Q
- C6ng thiJc tinh dien the gSy ra bc(i mot dien tich diem (V = - . - ^ ) cung diTdc
e r
A . T 6 M T A T KI£N T H C C O ^ i p dung cho qua cau tich dien phan bo deu vdi r la khoang each tiif tam qua
I. Di^nth^-Hi$udi$nthg' > -fe f cau den diem ta xet.
1. Di^n the': Dien the tai diem M trong dien triTdng dSc triTng cho dien - Lire dien triTcJng 1^ life th6' nen cong cfla liTc dien N
tru'dng ve mat diT trCT nSng liTdng va diTcfc do b^ng thiTdng so' giffa cong de trufdng khong phu thuoc vao dang quy dao di ^ , ..-^-'/f
- 7 ^
chuyen cua dien tich ma chi phu thuoc vao vi tri 2?r
diTa mot dien tich q tuf diem M ra xa v6 ciTc va di$n tich q: V M = .
7^—>•
cua diem dau va diem cuo'i cfla quy dao: A = qU.
~ Mo'i quan he giila cong ciia liTc ngoai A ' v^ cong ^ M. -N'
2. Hi^u di^n th6': Hieu dien the giCTa hai di^m M v^ N trong di6n tnrdng dSc
triTng cho kha nSng thiTc hien cong cua dien trifcfng giffa hai diem d6 va cua lire dien trircJng A: A ' = - A = - q U .
diTdc do b^ng thi/dng so giffa cong cua life dien lam di chuyen mot dien •~ Doi vdi vat dan can b^ng di6n can chij ^:
tich q tit diem M den diem N va do Idn cua dien tich q: + Vat dan la vat d^ng the: Cdc diem ben trong vk trdn mat vat dSn c6 c&ng
AW, 250.1,6.10"'^ ,. ., / .
W = ^ (Q,V, + Q2V2 +....) = ^'^Qi\ = 1, 2,..., n)
= ^ " M N q -1,6.10""^
kQ kQ
VSy: Hieu dien the'giu'a hai diem M va N trong dien trirdng la U M N = -250V.
(Vi = —-+—-+.... la dien the tai diem dat Qj do cac dien tich khdc cfla he
3 4 Electron chuyen dong khong van toe dau tCf A den B trong dien trU'dng deu,
gay ra) U B A = 45,5V. Tim van toe electron tai B . ^U.J ,s
l.^., ...... kQ, • Bai giai '
+ Trirdng hdp he 2 dien tich: W = - ( Q , V , + Q2V2), vdi V, = , V2 = IM-..- :;J I fil;^
mv^
Ta cd: Cong cua lire dien trirdng: A = q U ^ = AW^ = (UAB = - U B A = ^5,5V)
+ Trirdng hdp he 3 dien tich: W = - ( Q i V i + Q2V2 + Q 3 V 3 ) , vdi
i,a 2 2.(-l,6.10"-).(-45^^^^,^.^^^^^_
kQ, kQ, kQ, kQ, kQ, kQ,
m 9,1.10"^'
VSy: VSn toe cua electron tai B la V B = 4.10^ (m/s).
3.5. Electron chuyen dong quanh nhan nguyen tuT hidro theo quy dao trdn ban
C. C A C BAI T A P V £ DIEN T H ^ - HIEU DIEN T H ^
kinhR = 5.10-''em.
1. CONG C U A LVC D I E N - D I E N T H E , H I E U D I E N T H E
a) Tinh dien the tai mot diem tren quy dao electron.
3.1. Hieu dien the giOfa hai diem M , N trong dien triTdng U M N = lOOV.
b) Khi electron chuyen dong, dien trU'dng cua hat nhan cd sinh ra cong khong?
a) Tinh cong cua liTc dien trU'dng khi mot electron di chuyen tiT M de'n N.
Tai sao?
b) Tinh cong can thiet de di chuyen electron tCr M den N.
Bai giai
Bai giai
a) Dien the tai mot diem tren quy dao electron
a) Cong cua liTc dien trU'dng
Ta cd: A = qUwN = -1,6.10~". 100 = -1,6. l O " J. Tac6: v,M.glO''.^'°-".28.8V
Vay: Cong cua life dien trirdng khi mot electron di chuyen tir M den N la E.r 5.10""
A = -1,6.10-'^ J. Vay: Dien the' tai mot diem tren quy dao cua electron la V = 28,8V. V
b) Dien trU'dng cua hat nhan cd sinh cong khong?
b) Cong can thiet de di chuyen electron tiT M den N: A = - A = 1,6.10"''' J.
Khi electron chuyen dong, dien trirdng cua hat nhan khong sinh cong vi
3.2. De di chuyen q = lO^C tif rat xa vao diem M ciia dien trU'dng, can thirc hien
electron chuyen dong theo mot quy dao khep kin.
cong A ' = 5.10"'j. Tim dien the d M (goc dien the d 00 ) .
3.6. Dien tich Q = 5.10'C dat d O trong khong khi.
Bai giai
a) Can thiTc hien A ' , bao nhieu de diTa q = 4.10^C tiT M each Q doan r i = 40em
Ta cd: Cong can thirc hien: A = - A = -q( - ) = -10^(0 - V M ) = 5.10"^ J
den N each Q doan r2 = 25cm.
^) C i n thiTc hien cong A'2 bao nhieu de du'a q tijf M chuyen dong cham ra xa v6
Cling (rj = 00).
Vay: Dien the d diem M la V M = 0,5V.
3.3. Khi bay qua 2 diem M va N trong dien trirdng, electron t5ng toe, dong nSng ^) Cong dira q tir M den N *' ' 7
tang them 250eV ( l e V = Ue.lO"'"^;). Tinh hieu dien the giffa M va N. ^ Tacd:
g _g r! '.a »'.' V.
»# ^^'^iai
" ' Ta cd: Cong cua liTc dien trirdng la A = q.U^g = AW^ + Dien the'tai die'm M : V ^ = k-5- = ^"^^ -^-'^ = 112,5 V < .:
^ e.rj 0,4
49
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
=> A ' . = - A = - q U ^ ^ = - q ( V ^ - V J = - q V ^ ' "' Cong can thifc hien de tich dien cho vat dan: A = - A = - q V = -
A'2 = -4.10'.112,5 =-4,5.10"^ J.
mv^ mvp mv^ mv^ ^ , , . -hi?
Vay: Cong can thiTc hien de diTa q tCr M ra v6 cung la A'2 = -4,5.10"^ J. =>-qV=— =>V,„ax = — - = - — (khi Vo = 0).
2 2 -2q 2e ' .
3.7. Tinh the' nang cua he thong hai dien tich diem qi, q2 each nhau khoang r
trong chan khong.
VSy: Co the tich dien cho vat dSn c6 lap den dien the toi da la V = .,
Bui giai 2e
Taco: + Dien the do qi gay ra: V = k — 3.10. Electron d each proton doan r = 5,2.10"'cm. Muo'n electron thoat khoi siJc
r hut proton no can c6 van toe toi thieu la bao nhieu?
Baigiai
, + The nang cua he dien tich qi, q2: W = q2V = ^^^^. - Cong cua dien tru-dng tac dung len electron: ' ' " ' !
, ^, ke ke^ '
A =qV=e— =
Vay: The nang cua he dien tich q,,q2 la W =
r - De electron thoat khoi siTc hut proton thi: Wd > A.
* CM y: Co the dting cong thifc tinh the nang cua he 2 dien tich:
W = 1 (q,V, + q2V2), vdi V, = ^ , V2 = ^
mv^ ke^ |2.9.10^(1,6.10~'^)^ , ^ , ^ 5 . , ^
2 er^, er,2 => > => v > J o v> J ^=3,2.10^(m/s).
2 r V mr ^ 9,1.10"''.5,2.10""
nenW=i(q,>.q,H).Hq2 Vay: De electron thoat khoi siJc hut proton thi electron phai c6 van toe toi
2 er^i eri2 r thieu la v = 3,2.10V/s).
3.8. Hai dien tich q, = 2.10'^C, qj = -3.10"^C each nhau 20cm trong khong khi. Di 3.11. Trong nguyen tO" hidro, electron chuyen dpng quanh hat nhan theo quy dao
chuyen hai dien tich de chiing each nhau 50cm. Nang li/dng cua he hai dien tron ban kinh R = 5.10~'cm. Tinh nang li/dng can cung cap de ion hoa nguyen
tich tang hay giam. Tinh do bie'n thien n^ng lu'dng cua he. tur hidro (du'a electron ra xa v6 cifc).
. r . L, Baigiai Bai giai
- The nang ban dau cua he hai dien tich: • tw Electron chuyen dong xung quanh hat nhan theo quy dao tron du'di tac dung
^ V ^ ^ kq.q^ _9.10^2.10-^(-3.10-^)_ ^ ^ cua lire hu-dng tam, life nay chinh la liTe Cu-16ng.
r, 0,2 p 1 mv^ ke^ . , .
- The nang liic sau cua he hai dien tich: mr
kq^^9.10^2.10-^(-3.10-^)^ 1 , 1 ke^ ke^
Dpng nang ciia electron: W. = —mv^ = —m-
h 0.5 2 2 mr 2r
W\g hQC sinh gi5i Vgt ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyjn Phu D6rig"
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
ke ke^
- The nang cua electron: W = qV = - e — = ke^
T ' ••'-^ • . Nang ii^<?"g '^"^ '"'^ "
ke^
- Nang IiTdng toan phan cua electron: W = W j + W, = <0 2 ke^ ke
2r Theo dinh luat bao toan nSng lu'dng: Wd,iu = Wsa,, => rnv^ = — => r = —
mv^
ke^
- Nang lUdng can thie't de ion hoa nguyen tuf hidro: W = - W =
2r Vay: K h i hai electron tiT do chuyen dong ve phia nhau, khoang each nho nhat
ke^
. . W = ^•"''•"•'^•"'"'^2,3.IO-'-J.14.4eV; giffa chiing la r :
2.5.10"*' mv„
Vay: Nang liTdng can thiet de ion hoa nguyen lit hidro la W = 14,4 eV. c) Khi hai electron tif do, ban dau electron I dtfng yen, electron I I chuyen dong
3.12. H a i electron ban dau d rat xa nhau, chuyen dong l a i gan nhau. Tinh ve phia electron I j '
' dm
khoang each nho nhaft giiJa chiing trong cac triTcfng hdp sau: mv:
Nang lu'dng cua he luc dau bang dong nSng ciia electron I I : Wd^,, =
a) Electron I du'cJc g i i l c6' dinh, electron I I bay den electron I v d i van toe dau VQ.
b) Hai electron tiT do, chuyen dong ve phia nhau vdi ciing van to'c dau Vo. mv ke^ mv^ 2 ke'
_ Nang lu'dng cua he luc sau: Ws,„, = -+ •
= mv + —
c) Hai electron tif do, ban dau electron I dilng yen, electron I I bay den electron I
vdi van to'c dau VQ.
mv 0 _ ke'
B a i giai . - Theo djnh luat bao toan nang lu'dng: WdS,, = W^ai • + mv
2 .J,,.i..,,,.:
Chon go'c the nang d oo (V^ = 0 ) - Theo djnh luat bao toan dong lu'dng:
.2 2
a) K h i electron I dUdc giff co dinh, electron I I bay den v d i van toe dau Vo — - - v„ mv 0 ke mv^ _ ke^ 4ke'
mv„ = m v + m v = > v = — — • + m- => r = •
° 2 2 mv„
- Nang lu'dng cua he luc dau la dong nang cua electron I I : Wj^u = — ^ „
VSy: K h i hai electron tif do, ban dau electron I difng yen, electron I I chuyen
- Nang lu'dng cua he liic sau (khi diTng lai) la the nang tiTdng tac tmh dien tao
4ke'
nen do siT c6 mat cua electron nay trong dien tru'dng tao hdi electron kia: dong ve phia electron I , khoang each nho nhaft giffa chung la r
mv„
- k e . ke^
Wsau= -e.( )=
3.13. Qua cau nho kho'i Iffdng m mang dien tich +q trffdt khong ma sat vdi VQ = 0
r r
tif dinh B cd dp cao h cua mat phang nghieng BC (gdc nghieng a ) . T a i dinh
mv^ ke^ 2ke^
gdc vuong A cua tarn giac A B C c6 mot dien tich - q .
- Theo dinh luat bao toan nSng lu'dng: Wdj,, = W^^u => — - = => r =
2 r mvj Tinh van tdc qua cau k h i den C. D i n h a de qua cau cd the den dffdc C.
B a i giai
V a y : K h i electron I di/dc giiT c d djnh, electron I I bay dd'n v d i van tdc dau vo
2ke^ Chpn mdc the nang hafp dan d chan mat phang •'jjs r";)'!*) ,<!
thi khoang each nho nhaft giffa chung la r = •m v j nghieng; mdc the nang dien d vo cijng. +q B
iNang Iffdng cua dien tich +q gom co:
b) K h i hai electron tif do chuyen dong ve phia nhau
- Nang lu'dng cua he liic dau la dong nang cu^ hai electron: + Dong nang: ^^^^
mvo mv„ 2
W a , u = ^ +- ^ = mv^ + The' nang hafp dan: mgz
-q A
+ The'nang dien: Mz5):3. = _ kq^
52
B6i du3ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyjn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
3 15. Hai dien tich q, = 10~*C, q2 = 4.10"*C dat each nhau 12cm trong khong khi.
- Nang liTdng cua +q khi d B : WB = 0 + mgh + — ~ (1) Tinh dien the tai diem c6 cu"dng do dien triTcfng bing 0:
h
' ^ j ; v \ . . v ; ' ' - S ' f . _v ^ ' B a i giai •' ''A .i.
- NSng lufdng cua +q khi d C: Wc = - m v ^ + 0 + — 3 _ . w M I (2) nufl Vi qi, q2 cung dau nen diem c6 ciTdng dp dien tru"dng bang 0 nam giiya qi, q2.
2 AC
Goi A la diem dat dien tich qi, B la diem dat dien tich qa, C la diem c6 cU"6ng
- Ap dung djnh luat bao toan nang lifcJng cho he kin (dien tich +q, dien tich
(Jp dien trufdng bang 0, ta c6: Ec = El + E2 = 0
va Trai Dat): t ,
u kq^ 1 2 kq^ 2 o r u kq^ 1 1 , ^^'^
WB = Wc o mgh - - f - = - m v ^ - - 2 - o = 2[gh - — ( - - — ) ]
h 2 AC m h AC ' AC^ BC^ AC^ (0,12-AC)2
(0.12-AC)^ 0,12-AC J- - 'rrv.: , :
Vdi AC = - ^ o = 2 [ g h - ^ ( l - t a n a )]=> v - J 2 [ g h - ( 1 - tana )-'^'^^ o : =4 O =2 , . _
tana mh V mh
2 2 ^ AC - 0,04m; BC = 0,12-0,04 = 0,08m ®^ ' ^""""®
- Be qua cau m den di/dc C thi: gh - (1 - tana) — > 0 => tana > 1 - ii q2
mh kq^ _ Dien the tai diem C:
Vay: Van toe cua qua cau khi den C la v 2 [ g h - ( l - t a n a ) — ] , de qua ^ AC BC 0,04 0,08
mh
Vay: Dien the tai diem c6 cu'cJng dp dien triTdng bang 0 la Vc = 6750 V.
,2
cau de'n du'cfc C thl goc a phai thoa tana > 1 - "^^^ 3.16. Hai dien tich q, = 3. lO^C, qj = -5. lO^C dat tai A, B trong khong khi, AB =
kq 8cm. Tim nhiJng diem c6 dien the bang 0:
3.14. Hai dien tich q, = S.IO^^C va q2 = 2.10"^C dat tai 2 dinh A , D cua hinh chO a) TrenAB. i
nhat ABCD, AB = a = 30cm, AD = b = 40cm. Tinh: b) Tren du-dng vuong goc vdi AB tai A. ^' ^* ' '
a) Dien the tai B, C. ' v m) B a i giai ^"'f * ' <^
b) Cong cua dien tru'dng khi q = lO'^C di chuyen tii" B den C. , , a) NhffngdiemcodienthebhngOtren AB p \^ j
,,v0i > B a i giai Gpi M la diem C O dien the bang 0 tren AB, ta co:-! [• ' " '
Taco: B D - V A B ^ + AD^ = ^ 3 0 ^ + 40^ - 5 0 c m v „ - _ H , J ^ = o = . i l o l = ^ « ^ = o.6
a) Dien the'tai B va C /<) • i i' - n AM BM AM BM BM
- Dien the tai B: ' i' ' '
A M = 0,6BM (BM > AM) , '
V„=i3i.i3l ^ v^,^.10'.5.l0-^^ 9.10^.2.10-^ + NeuMnhmgiffa A, B t h i : A M , + B M , = A B = 8
AB BD 0,3 0,5 <^ 1,6BM| = 8 =1^ BM, = 5 cm va A M , = 0,6.5 = 3 cm.
- Dien the tai C: + Neu M nam ngoai A, B thi: B M 2 - A M 2 = AB = 8
kq,^kq,^ 9.10^.5.10-^^9.10^.2.10-^^ ^^.^ ^ BM2 - 0,6BM2 = 8 BM2 = 20 cm va AM2 = 0,6.20 = 12 cm.
^ AC DC 0,5 0,3 Vay: Co hai diem c6 dien the bang 0 tren AB la M , va M j vdi A M , = 3 cm,
b) Cong cua dien trufdng khi dien tich di chuyen tCf B den C ' lyifitt | H f # BM, = 5cm; A M 2 = 12 cm, BM2 = 20cm. v .
Ta c6: A = q(VB - Vc) = 10".(1,86.10'- 1,5.10') = 3,6.10-'J. ^) NhiTng diem c6 dien the bhng 0 tren diTdng vuong goc vdi A B tai A
Vay: Cong cua dien triTdng khi dien tich q di chuyen tCr B den C la A = 3,6.10 Goi P la diem c6 dien the bang 0 tren di/dng vuong goc vdi AB tai A:
V,=i^.i^.0«lJ^ = ^ « A P . 0 , 6 B P
AP PB AP BP
55
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu Dflng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
Vi: AO = BO = CO = DO The nang cua mot dien tich q, dat trong dien trircfng cua dien tich diem q2 v^
9.10^ 9.10^2.7.10" each dien tich nay mot doan r la: W = k +C 4 ,^ , J '
•.(-q-q-q + q ) - - • = -9000 V .
0,W2 0,1 V2 The nang cua he n dien tich diem trong khong khi: •
Vay: Dien the tai tam hinh vuong la Vo = -9000 V.
W =£k-ii-^ +C (vdii<j).
3.20. Ba dien tich diem q, = = qj = q = lO^C ban dau d ra't xa nhau. Tinh cong
can thiTc hien de diTa 3 dien tich de'n 3 dinh cua tam giac deu ABC canh a =
_ Chpn goc the nang d v6 cung: C = 0 t > (
3cm dat trong khong khi.
Bai giai
(i<j)
Chon goc dien the tai v6 cung: = 0 . Gia suT ban dau q, diJng yen cf A. .0 "li
- Cong can thiTc hien de du'a dien tich qj tijr oo de'n dinh B cua tam giac: " qq-
Vay: The nang cua he n dien tich diem trong khong khi la W ^ k - ! - J - (i < j).
i i ^ii
.•:,„(i)
a' a" • qi
3.22. Ba electron ban dau diJng yen d ba dinh tam gidc deu canh a, sau do chiing
- Cong can thiTc hien de du'a dien tich q3 tijr oo de'n ;i,.<y^
chuyen dpng do li/c tirpng tac tlnh dien. Tim van toe cuTc dai moi electron dat
dinh C cua tam giac: A3 = qjVs = qVs t 1
diTpc.
_kq^ kq2 _2kq
vdi: V3 = V , + V 2 = — ^ + - Bai giai ...m m?,'r
2kq^ - Tirdng tir bai 8.25. cong lufc dien trirdng de dira ca ba electron ra xa nhau
=:>A,= (2) • 3ke'
( W , , = Wd,„ax; W , = 0 nen V = v,„ax) la: A ' = - A = -
- Cong can thiTc hien de diTa ca ba dien tich tren den ba dinh A , B va C cua
3ke^
- Matkhdc: A W'd = A =
tam giac la: A = A . ^ A 3 = ^ +^ =^ = ^.9.X0\iX0-^f ^^
a a a 3.10-2 - V i ba electron hoan toan binh d^ng nhau nen '
Vay: Cong can thiTc hien de diTa 3 dien tich de'n 3 dinh ciia tam giac deu la:
A = 9.10-'J. AW'd = 3 W d = ^ ^ (vo = O ^ W o d = 0)
3.21. Chiang minh rhng the nang ciia he n dien tich diem trong khong khi la mv^ ke^ 2k
• V = v„,ax = e
ma
W,= ^ k . ^ ( v d i i < j ) .
Vay: Van toe c\ic dai ma moi electron dat dirpc la v„,ax = e J— •
Bai giai
- Cong cua lire tac dung len vat trong trirdng liTc the bang dp giam the nSng 3.23. Hai dien tich +9q va - q dirpc giCT chat tai A, B trong chan khong, AB = a.
cua vat do trong triTcJng liTc, cong ma lire dien triTdng thi/c hien khi mot di?n M6t hat kho'i lirpng m, dien tich q chuye'n dpng doc theo diTdng AB nhir hinh
tich qdich chuyen tir A t d i B la: AAB = W A - W B ' v *' ben. Tim van to'c cua m khi d rat xa A, B d l no c6 the' chuyg'n dpng den B.
59
Cty TIMHH MTV DVVHKhang Vi?t
B6i diOng hgc sinh gifli Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
3 24 Hai hat proton va hai hat pozitron ban dau nam yen xen ke nhau d cac dinh
Bai giai
Goi qi = 9q; q2 = -q; qa = q la dien tich chuyen dong doc theo AB: q3 chiu tac cfla mot hinh vuong, sau do bay ra xa nhau. Biet ti so khdi liTdng cua chiing —
dung cua liTc day cua qi, life hut cua q2. m
- Xet tai diem C each B khoang x, khi do ta c6: I. - 2000, con dien tich thi gidng nhau. Coi rang khi bat dau chuyen dong tu do,
cac hat pozitron se bay ra xa v6 eiTe ra't nhanh, sau do cac proton mdi tach xa
Fi3=k- ;F„=k X qi q2 nhau. Tinh ti so van tdc pozitron va proton khi da bay xa nhau v6 ciTc.
(a + x)' q3 ^i^f:
. Bai giai <
Ilia 9q^ 3 1 ]\lh^n xet: Ban dau, liTc tac dung len cac hat eo dp Idn bing nhau nhu^ng
+ K h i F | 3 > F 2 3 ^ k- >k
(a + x)^ (a + x)^ x^ > — M = 2000 nen cac hat pozitron c6 gia tdc Idn hdn gia toe cdc hat proton
a + X X '' m
=> 2x >a = > x > - t 2000 Ian. Do do, cac hat pozitron se di ra xa v6 ciTc rat nhanh sau do cac hat
? 2
proton se tach ra do tiTdng tac giOfa chiing vdi nhau. Vi the ta c6 the coi r^ng
VI Fi3 > F23 nen life tdng hdp tac dung len q31^ li/c day, do do khi each khi cac pozitron djch chuyen thi cac proton diJng yen. ' •
B mot doan ^ > — thi q3 se chuyen dong cham dan. Neu khong cd cac hat proton thi the nang tufpng tac giila cac hat pozitron la:
W = eV = ke^
+ Khi Fi3 = F23 = ^ X = XQ = - : lire tonghdp tac dung len qjbkngO.
Dien the do moi hat proton gay ra tai vi tri moi hat pozitron la:
j + Khi F,3 < F23 ^ X < - : liTc tdng hdp tac dung len qj la life hut. v = ke
Nhir vay, van toe ban dau VQ toi thieu cua hat la iJng vdi van toe Vc cua hat The'nSng toan phan cua cac hat pozitron la:
tai C bhng 0 (vc = 0).
- Ap dung dinh luat bao toan nang lu'cJng: Wo = W + 2eV' + 2eV' = ke^ 4ke^
a72
+ 6 xa v6 Cling hat ehi c6 dong nang: Wj = -^mv^
ke^ +4
" + Tai C, VI Vc = 0 nen hat ehi c6 the' nang dien tru'dng ciia qi, qa: .^2
Khi cdc hat pozitron chuyen dnr^ rat xa nhau, to^n bp the nSng nay
chuyen thanh dong nSng c u;. c lu.ig: Wo = W,,.
+ Theo djnh luat bao toan n3ng liTcJng: Wj = Wc keV 1 -av^- = mv (1) n^
+4 = 2
2
- - 2kq3^ q,
2 a + x^ Xo m a + Xp XQ m a + a- a The nang ban dau cua cac hat proton la: W = ke^
I- 2 2 a^^'
=>v^-2kq^(^ 1_) = 6 ^8kq^ 8kq^ Khi cac hat proton chuyen dong ra rat xa nhau, toan bp the nang n^y chuyen
m 1,5a ma thanh dong nSr g cf; chiing: W = W^.
° m 1,5a 0,5a ma
,;: Vay: Van toe toi thieu cua m khi d ra't xa A de c6 the chuyen dong de'n B la
(2)
/8kq^ hay V o > aV2 2
^0 =
ma ma
61
B'fll difflng hoc slnh' g76i vgriyTTrrgtrT^'-wgiiyen vm uow Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khahg Vijt
Dien the tai M tren true vong day do d, gay ra: 3.27. Hai qua cau kim loai nho c6 ban kinh Ri = 3R2 dat each nhau doan r = 2cm
d„ M trong khong khi, hut nhau bang liTc F = 27.10"^N. Noi hai qua cau blng day
o
dan. Khi bo day noi chiing day nhau bang \\ic F ' = 6,75.10'"'N. Tim dien tich
8N / R ^ ••1'
,'.uu 'Mi irfJ fVd: liic dau cua cac qua cau. ,
- Dien the tdng cong do vong day gay ra tai M :
Bai giai ';
V= Xdv- - Goi dien ihe'ciia moi qua cau liic ban dau la Vi, V2. Ta c6: ; ,
q
eV R ^ + h ^
v,=k^;v,=k
V= kQ Q Rj R,
h^ 47ie.£oVR^Th^ VI Vi ?t V i nen khi noi hai qua cau b^ng day dan, cac dien tich se di chuyen
Q tilf qua cau nay sang qua cau kia cho tdi khi dien the' hai qua cau b^ng nhau.
Vay: Dien the" do vong day gSy ra tai M la V = •
Gpi dien tich va dien the'ciia cac qua cau sau khi noi day la: q j , q j , Vj, V2 .
471 .8.8„^/R 2+h2
3.26. Vong day ban kinh R tich dien Q phan bo deu, dat trong khong khi. Dien q; . q2 . q'l R.
Taco: V,'= V ' o k-^ =k-^ = > = = 3
tich diem q cung da'u vdi Q tif A tren true vong chuyen dong den tam B cua R. qi
vong, AB = d. Tim van toe nho nhat cua q tai A de q vUdt qua di/dc vong day qiq2
~ Lire hut ban dau ciia hai qua cau: F = k
Kho'i li/dng q la m. f " •'
Bai giai
Ta c6: Van toe nho nhat cua q tai A de q viTdt qua vong day tiTdng iJng viin 11 ('
k 9.10^
toe d B cua q se b&ng 0. .
q;q2
Life day liic sau cua hai qua cau: F ' = k
- Nang li/dng cua q tai A: W A = k-,=2i== + ^^
1^2
- NanglirdngcuaqtaiB:WB= k ^ ( v i h = 0 ; v B = 0) 9.10^^
62 63
QUI quong hgc Sinn gioi vgt ly n , t j p 1 - Nguyen pnu uong Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khann Vi$t
- Ma q; =3q;,=^ 3q^2 =3.10-'" =^ q^ = IQ-^C; qj = 3. lO'^C Hieu dien the giffa hai diem B, A:
- Theo djnh luat bao loan dien tich: q', + q2 = qj + q2 = 4. lO^^C U3;, = qEo.B'A' = U B c = 1 2 0 V
Cifdng dp dien triTdng EQ:
^ q 2 = 4.10-'-q, ' " ^" (2)
- va (2) suyra: qf-4.10-^qi-1,2.10"'^ = 0 f • __SC. (vdi cosa = • >BA = BCcosa)
B'C BA'
" BC
qj =6.10-^C;q2 =-2.10"^C q^ =-2.10-^C;q2 =6.10'^C 120 _ 120 120
hoac = 4000 V/m
q, = - 6 . 1 0 - ^ C ; q 2 =2.10-^C q, =2.10"^C;q2 =-6.10-^C ^ ^ 0 - BC.cosa 0,06.cos60" 0,06.0,5
Vay: Hieu dien the giiJa hai diem AC la UAC = 0; hieu dien the giuTa hai diem
3.28. Co n giot thuy ngan hinh cau giong nhau dU'cJc tich dien, dien the' be mat
BA la UBA = 120V; cufdng do dien tri/dng EQ = 4000 V/m.
moi qua cau la VQ. Nhap cac giot nay thanh mot giot hinh cau Idn. Tim dien C
b) CUdng dp dien trifdng long hdp tai A
the' tren mat giot Idn nay. q 0
Ci/dng dp dien trndng do q gay ra d A:
Bai giai
kq _ kq j
•' '' kq E, =
- Dien the be mat cua mot giot thuy ngan nho (ban kinh r) la: VQ = — . AC^ (BCsina f
r
9.10^9.10"'° 9.10^9.10"'° B
- Didn the be mat cua giot thuy ngan Idn (ban kinh R) la: V = . -3000 V/m
,0x2
(0,06.sin60'')
(0,06.^)2
- Mat khac, the tich cua giot thuy ngan Idn bang the tich cua n giot thuy ngan
nho nen: - Ci/dng do dien triTdng tong hdp d A: E = E, + Eg
-7tR-^ =n.-7:r^ =>R = r ^
3 3 ViE.lEo = 73000^+4000^ - 5 0 0 0 V / m .
Dod6:V=J^ = ^ . ^ = ^ V , . : ,
Vay: CiTdng dp dien trUdng tong hdp tai A la E = 5000 V/m.
r.vn r 3.30. Dien tich q = 10"^C di chuyen dpc theo cac
canh cua tam giac deu ABC canh a = 10cm ^
Vay: Dien the tren mat giot thuy ngan Idn la V = N/TI^VQ .
trong dien trufdng deu cu"dng dp dien triTdng la: ^T^—V
3. L I E N H E G I L T A Cl/CfNG D Q D I E N T R I / C K N G V A H I $ U D I E N THE
E = 300V/m, E // BC. Tinh cpng cua liTc dien B '------^ c
3.29. Tam giac ABC vuong tai A dufdc dat trong ^
trirdng khi q di chuyen tren mpi canh tam giac. ^ |,
dien tnrdng deu , a = ABC = 60°; AB // . E,
Bai giai
Bie'tBC = 6cm, U B C = 120V. ~ C6ng cua life dien triTdng khi q di chuyen tren canh AB cua tam giac:
a) Tim UAC, UBA va cUdng do dien triTdng EQ. i
A a AAB = - q . E . A B ' = - q . E . - = - l O ' l S O O . — = -1,5. lO^^J
b) Dat them d C dien tich diem q = 9.\0-^°C. t
2 2
B I
Tim ci/dng do dien triTdng tdng hdp d A. C6ng cua life dien trirdng khi q di chuyen tren
•WiK • :i> Bai giai canh B C cua tam giac:
a) Tinh UAC, UBA va EQ V = q . E . B C = 10 ^300.0,l =3.10-^J B
- Hieu dien the giiTa hai diem A, C: C6ng cua life dien tru'dng khi q di chuyen tren canh C A cua tam giac:
UAC = qEo.A'C' = 0 = - q . E . A C = AAB =-1,5.10-^ J .
(AC \h hinh chieu cua AC len phiTdng cua diTdng siJc). \
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, tjp 1 - NguyJn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khann Vi?t
3.31. M a t phang dien tich S tich dien q phan bo deu. hai ta'm kirn loai c6 cun| V-"(^1-^2) q(/ir/,)
f j j g u dien the' giifa hai ta'm k i m loai: U12 - V ,
dien tich S dat 2 ben mat q each mSt q nhffng doan nho l^. Tim hieu die, 28.KJ 28oS
thegiu'a2tamkimloai. ;*it ;
V a v H i e u dien the giffa hai ta'm k i m loai la U n = — — — . ,
- Tru-dc het can xdc dinh ciTSng do dien tri/dng gay bdi mot mat p h i n g r6ng vf
1^ 1
3 . 3 2 . Hai mat phang rpng v6 han tich dien deu trai dau nhau, mat dp dien mat
hantichdiendeudattrongchan kho ng.
n -~ ±a. Chpn go'c dien the d ban tich dien am, true Ox hu'dng vuong goc tij" ban
E
+ Goi (7 = - la mat do dien mat cua mat phang AS A
am sang ban diTdng. T i m dien the tai mot diem trong khoang giufa hai ban.
S
+ i + + + 1 + Baigiai i
tich dien (gia a > 0). Do tinh chat phan bo
dien tich tren mat phang, ta thay mat phang + + _ A p dung ke't qua t i m du'pe d bai 10.5 ve
AS
AS
ci/dng dp dien tru'dng do mot mat phang
tich dien chia khong gian lam hai nu'a doi
4 , E
rpng v6 han tich dien deu gay ra, ta van +<7
xi^ng nhau. "
dung dinh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss cho he
V i mat phang v6 han, nen bat k i difdng thang nao vuong goc vdi mat phaiio
hai mat phang tich dien. V i dien tich phan
cung deu la true doi xuTng cua he dien tich. Do do, cac vectd ci/dng do dien
bo deu tren hai mat phang nen dd dang
trirdng tai m o i diem ben ngoai mat phang deu song song vdi nhau va vu6n»
nhan xet rang ci/dng dp dien triTdng gay bcti
goc vdi mat phang c6 do Idn bang nhau, hUdng ra xa mat p h i n g neu o > C
tuTng mat va bdi ca hai mat eo phifdng -a
(mat phang tich dien du-cfng) va hiTdng ve phia mat phang neu a < 0 (mat
vuong goc v d i cac mat. M a t khac, ciTdng dp
phang tich dien am). NhU" vay cl m o i nufa khong gian hai ben mat phang ticli
dien triTdng c6 dp Idn nhu" nhau tai cac d i e m AS
dien, dien tru'cfng la deu.
each deu mat phang.
+ De xac djnh ciTcJng dp dien trUcJng do mat phang tich dien gay ra tai A cad
mat phang mot khoang h, ta chpn mat k i n S la mot hinh tru (bieu d i l n bam Ngoai ra, d trong khoang giffa hai mat phang, veetd E eo chieu tff mat p h i n g
difcJng net dut tren hinh ve) c6 diTdng sinh vuong goc vdi mat phang, hai da) tich dien dffcfng sang mat phang tich dien am. Chpn mat k i n S la mat t r u , c6
song song (day tren chiJa d i e m A ) each mat phdng mot khoang h va c6 dien del hai day song song dien tich AS each deu mat phang va mat xung quanh hinh
AS. Chpn chieu diTdng ciia phap tuyen n hi/dng ra ngoai mat S. V I phdp tuyei tru vuong goc vdi m a t p h ^ n g .
cua mat xung quanh hinh tru vuong goc diTdng siJc nen a = 90° => cosa = f + Dien thong N qua toan bp mat S ehi con bang dien thong qua hai mat day.
dien thong qua mat xung quanh bang khong. D i e n thong toan phan qua mat* Doi vdi mat k i n S3 thi tdng dai so cac dien tich ben trong mat k i n 1^:
chi con bang dien thong qua hai diy \h. c6 gia t n : Iq = aAS-^(-aAS) = 0 ' ' '
N = 2EAS. cosa = 2E.AS
+ A p dung djnh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = -5- => 2E.A S = 0 => E = 0
+ D i e n tich q d ben trong mat AS la dien tich c6 tren phan mat phang c6 die'
^0
tich AS gidi han bdi mat t r u : q = a.AS.
Nhu" vay, effdng dp dien truidng tai m p i diem trong khoang khong gian ben
+ A p dung dinh l i Ostrogradski - Gauss: N = 2E.AS = =>E = ngoai he hai mat ph^ng (d ea hai phia cua he) bling khong: E = 0 .
( ^0 ^ E)oi vdi cac mat k i n S,, S2 thi dien tich q 6 ben trong mat k i n c6 dp Idn
+ D i e n the do mat ph^ng tich dien q gay ra tai tam k i m l o a i cdch mat q doan ' q = aAS va N = E.AS. D o d o :
E.AS = ^ z ^ E = ^
G.L
V , = Ex = V2 = Ex = ^0
2en 2e.
67
cty TNHff Twry-iwyH ggangW"
Bfll diflng hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
3 35.1^0' ^™ '"^'"'^ ^ ^^^^ '"'^^ P^^" ^^^^ "^^
- Dien the' tai mot diem trong khoang giuTa hai ban: V = Ex = — x ' Tinh dien the tai mot diem each tam qua cau doan r.
^0 Bai giai
Vay: Dien the tai mot diem trong khoang giiJa hai ban la V = Ex = — x . Xru'dc he't can xac djnh ei/dng dp dien tru'dng gay bdi mat cau kim loai tam
^0
O, ban kinh R, tich dien q > 0.
3.33. Hai ban kim loai phang dat song song each nhau d = lOem duTcIc tieh die^ £)jg'm Ai ben ngoai mat cau each tam O mot khoang r > R. vf
trai da'u va eung dp Idn. Mot thanh dien moi ehieu dai / = 1cm n^m dpc theo + Xet mat eau Si, tam O, ban kinh r chiJa diem Ai. Vi li do doi xiJng tai mpi
mot diTcJng siJc, hai dau thanh c6 2 dien tich diem eijng dp Idn q = 10 diem tren Si veetd cufdng dp dien tru'dng E deu vuong goc vdi Si (tiJc la
nhi/ng trai da'u. Khi quay thanh goc 90° quanh true qua mot diem tren thanli CO phUdng trCing vdi ban kinh), c6 dp Idn h\ng nhau, hU'dng ra xa tam O
de thanh vuong goc vdi du'dng siJc, can thiTc hien eong A' = 3.10~'°J. Tin\ neu a > 0, hU'dng ve phia tam O ne'u a < 0.
_2i
hieu dien the giiJa 2 ban kim loai. + Dien thong qua mat kin Si: N = 47ir E
Bai giai ' + Theo djnh li Ostrogradski - Gauss:
- TCr ket qua bai 3.32, eu'dng dp dien trUdng giffa hai ban kim loai phing tich
dien trai da'u vdi mat do dien mat ±a la: E = — = 47tka.
^0 kq
- Lire dien tac dung vao moi qua cau c6 dp Idn: F = qE = q. 47ika. => E - 47ir^8.
- Khi quay thanh mot goc 90° quanh mot true qua mot diem baft ki tren thanh
mot goc 90° thi dau kia chuyen dpng dpc theo di/dng siJc so vdi dau nay cua + Dien the tai Ai: VAI = Er = kq
thanh mot doan s = / nen eong phai thiTc hien la: +
Diem A2 ben trong mat cau tich dien each
/
A' = Fs = q.47rka/
+
: r
tam O mot khoang r < R: Vi qua cau la vat
- Hieu dien the' giiJa hai ban kim loai la: U = Ed 1
dang the' nen dien the tai mot diem ben
A'd 3.10''". 10"^ 1
trong qua eau bang dien the tai mot diem
U = 4;tka.d =
ql 10"". 10"^ = 300 V tren mat qua cau: r' = R.
Vay: Hieu dien the'gii?a hai ban kim loai la U = 300V. + ^ + Xet mat cau S2, tam O, ban kinh r = R chiJa diem A'.
3.34. Mot vat dan tich dien phan bo deu tren be mat vdi mat dp didn mat a + Dien thong qua mat kin S2: N = 4 7t .R^E
Tinh eu'dng dp dien tru'dng tai mot diem d sat mat ngoai cua vat dan. + Ap dung djnh li Ostrogradski - Gauss:
.;A„!>i f'fe.j--
..••iri ii<'.a ri Bai giai
- i = > 4 . R ^ E =-i-:^E= 'I -"^^
••'ci
69
Khang VI?T
Boi duSng h o c j i n h gidi vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu Sfing
B a i giaj
Vi sir phan bo dien tich c6 tinh do'i xiJng cau nen dUcfng svCc dien trifdng ]^
nhffng diTdng thang trting vdi phiTOng ban kinh, hiTdng ra xa tam O cua khCj . T A T KI^N TflCrC
cau neu S > 0, hoac hu'dng ve tam O neu S < 0. Hdn niJa, tai cac diem caei,
deu tam O, cUdng do dien tru'dng c6 gia tri nh\i nhau. Chon mat kin S la mat 1 j)jnh nghla: Tu dien la mot he gom hai vat dan dat each dien vdi nhau,
cau dong tam vdi khoi cau va chila diem khao sat. jnSi vat dan du'dc goi la mot ban tu dien. Moi tu dien c6 hai ban: ban
- Diem A], d ben ngoai khoi cau tich dien each tam O mot khoang r > R: diWng va ban am. ii|^ •
mat cau Sj, tam O, ban kinh r chiJa diem A;: u 2, Dien dung cua tu di^n
+ Dien thong qua m a t s , : N = E.AS = 471 .r^E Dien dung cua tu dien la dai liTdng dac tru-ng cho kha nang tich dien cua tu
+ Theo dinh li Ostrogradski - Gauss: ^jgn- C = (Q = IQI = IQ'I la dien tich tu dien; U la hieu dien the giQ-a
N = ^ o 47i.r^E-p- E- hai ban tu)
cj Ghep hon tap: Vxia ghep noi tiep vufa ghep song song.
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70
II. Nang W^ng cua ty di^n 1 1 1
• Ghep noi tiep: Ub = U | + U2 + ...; -+—+...
- Nang lirdng cua tu dien: W = - QU = - C U ' = - . ^ .
Dinh luat bao toan dien tich cho he c6 lap: SQj = const.
2 2 2 C
- Mat do nang liTcJng dien triTdng: Trong khong gian giiJa liai ban tu c6 di6„ C C
Vdi mach tu cau can bang (—1- = — ^ ) : Mach tiTdng diTdng [(Ci nt C2) //
trUdng nen c6 the noi nang luTdng cua tu dien la nang lifdng dien tru-dng. Goj
V = Sd la the tich viing khong gian giffa hai ban tu thi mat do nang liTdng diet, (C3 nt C 4 ) ] . Mm a••
trU'cJngla: • C2
B . NHONQ C H U t KHI GlAl BAI TAP Neu mach gom tu dien, nguon dien, dien trd mac vdi nhau thi:
- Khi giai cac bai toan ve tinh dien dung, dien tich va hieu dien the" ciia mot tu + Neu trong mach c6 dong dien thi khi giai can: '
dien can chu y: • Tinh cU'dng dp dong dien trong cac doan mach.
+ loai tu dien: phang, cau, xoay,...; moi tru'dng giffa hai ban tu dien (s). • Tinh hieu dien the' hai dau doan mach chiJa tu dien (bang cac djnh luat
+ doi ddn vj hdp phap: ddn vi ciia Q ra (C); dcfn vj cua U ra (V); ddn vj cua 6m).
C ra (F). • Suy ra dien tich tren tiTng tu dien.
+ cac diJ kien: noi tu vao nguon: U = const; ngat tu khoi nguon: Q = const. + Neu trong mach khong cd dong dien thi khi giai can: ^,
+ dat vao tu mot tam dien moi e'; he gom 2 tu ghep noi tiep: tu 1 (e, di); tu • Viet phUdng trinh dien tich cho tifng doan mach. , ,
2(s',d2), vdid, + d 2 = d . • Vie't phiTdng trinh dien tich cho cac ban tu noi vdi mot nut mach.
+ nhung tu vao chat dien moi e': h? gom 2 tu ghep song song: tu 1 (e, X i ) ; tu • Suy ra hieu dien the, dien tich tren tCrng tu dien. t , |
De xac dinh liTdng dien tich di chuyen qua mot dan mach can:
2 (e', X2), vdi X ] + X 2 = X.
+ Xac dinh tdng dien tich tren cac ban tu no'i vdi mot dau cua doan mach liic
i
'////// E dau: Q.
'//////
Xl
+ Xac djnh tong dien tich tren cdc ban tu no'i vdi dau noi tren cua doan
mach luc sau: Q'.
X2 % -A + Suy ra lu'dng dien tich qua doan mach tren: AQ = IQ'-QI. V. •
d, d2 ^ Can chu y den gidi han hoat dpng cua tu dien khi xac djnh hieu dien the ciTc
- Vdi cac bai toan ghep tu can chii y:
dai dat vao tu hoac tinh dien triTdng danh thiing cua tu: Ugh = Eghd. Vdi bp tu
+ Khi ghep cac tu chU'a tich dien tru'dc:
thUUb),„ = inin{(Ugh)i}. -
• Ghep song song: Ub = U , = U2 = Qb = Qi + Q2 +••.; Cb = C , + C2
Nang lu'dng cua bp tu bang tong nang liTdng cua cac tu ghep thanh bp:
I 1 1
• Ghep noi tiep: Ub = U i + U 2 + . . . ; Q b = Q i = Q 2 = - - ; Wb= I W i = W, + W 2 + ...
C, +—+...
C,
Trong dien triTdng cua tu dien, cac dien tich thu'dng chuyen dpng theo quy
+ Khi ghep cac tu da tich dien triTdc: ^ao la dirdng cong nen de giai cac bai toan ve chuyen dpng cua cac dien tich
• Ghep song song: Ub = U i = U 2 = ...; Cb = C i + C 2 + . . . thu"dng su* dung "PhU(/ngphap toa do" bang each: • • '
73
72
Cty TNHH M I V liVVii Kl.iuiii VJcl
+ Phan tich chuyen dong cua dien tich thanh hai chuyen dong thanh phan B a i giai
ddn gian tren hai true toa do Ox, Oy. Sau khi noi, hai qua cau eo ciing dien the' V va dien tich tren hai qua ciu Ian
+ Khao sat chuyen dong rieng re cua dien ti'eh tren hai true toa do do. lirdtla:Q, = C , V ; Q2 = C2V.
+ Phoi hdp cac chuyen dong thanh phan thanh chuyen dong thi/c eiia dien tich Theo djnh luatbao toan dien tich: Qi + Q2 = Q •
Chii y: Cac life thiTdng gap: trong liTc P = mg ; life dien F = qE 0 >f Hi} .iui \ % >
^(C,+C2)V = Q ^ V = -
- Khi dien tich n^m can b&ng trong dien triTdng cua tu dien ta eung diTa vao C,+C2
dieu kien can bang da biet de giai quye't cac yeu cau eua bai toan loai nay: PiSn tich cua moi qua cau sau khi noi la: •
F,+F2+... = 6 0,2
Q, = C,V = .Q = -.5.10"^ =2.10'^ C
0,2 + 0,3
C. C A C BAI TAP V E TV D I E N
C 0,3
1. D I E N DUNG, D I E N T I C H VA H I E U D I E N T H E CUA T V D I E N Q2 = C2V = ' .Q = .5.10"^ =3.10"^ C
C1+C2 ^ 0,2 + 0,3
4.1. Tu phang c6 cac ban hinh tron ban kinh 10cm khoang each va hieu dien the
4.4. Tu phing khong khi dien dung C = 2pF di/dc tich dien d hieu dien the U = 600V.
hai ban la 1cm, 108V. Giffa 2 ban la khong khi. Tim dien tich tu dien.
a) Tinh dien tich Q cua tu.
B a i giai
b) Ngat tu khoi nguon, diTa hai ban tu ra xa de khoang each tang gap 2. Tinh Ci,
- Dien tich phan doi dien cua hai ban tu la: S = TIR^ = 7t.0,l^ = 0,0l7i (m^)
Qi, Ui cua tu.
- Dien dung cua tu dien phang la: c) V i n noi tu vdi nguon, d^a hai ban tu ra xa de khoang each tang gap 2 Ian.
C-
eS 1.0,01.;: . ^ - i ,
= 2,78.10-" F TinhC2, Q2, U2cuatu.
9.10^47i.d 9.10^471.0,01 B a i giai
- Dientichcuatu dienla: Q = CU = 2,78.10 ".108 = 3.10~'C. a) Dien tich Q cua tu ']
Vay: Dien tich ciia tu dien la Q = 3.10"' C. Ta c6: Q = CU = 2.10-'l600 = 1,2.10"' C. ,v.,
4.2. Qua cau dien dung C = 50pF tich dien d hieu dien the U = 180V. Tinh dien Vay: Dien tich cua tu dien la Q = 1,2.10''C. , r-
tich va ban kinh qua cau. b) Khi ngat tu khoi nguon: Khi ngat tu khoi nguon thi dien tich khong ddi nen:
B a i giai Qi = Q = 1,2.10"'C
-12
- Dien tich cua qua cau: Q = CU = 50.10"'l 180 = 9.10"'C. eS _C_2.10
- Dien dung cua tu dien: Ci = = 10-^2 F - : l pF
- Khi qua cau di/dc tich dien Q, dien tich se phan bo deu tren be mat qua clu, 9.10^47t.2d"'2~ 2
-9 nor.
Dien the ciia qua cau la: V = 9 . 1 0 ^ - ^ = 9.10^-^^^^ = — ~ Hieu dien the cua tu dien: Ui = — - ^ - ^ ^ ^ • = 1200 V .
sR R R -12
10
- Dien dung ciia qua cau la:
V t y : Khi ng^t tu khoi nguon va du^a hai ban tu ra xa gap doi thi dien tich ciia
C = ^ = > V = ^ = U ^ ^ = 180 R = 0,45m = 4 5 c m . tu la Qi = 1,2.10''C dien dung cua tu la C, = IpF va hieu dien the cua tu la
U | = 1200 V.
Vay: Dien tich va ban kinh cua qua cau la Q = 9.10"' C va R = 45 cm.
Khi van noi tu vdi nguon dien: Khi van noi tu vdi nguon thi hieu dien the
4.3. Qua cau dien dung C, = 0,2 j i F tich dien Q = 5.10"^C. Noi qua cau n^y vdi
gitta hai ban tu khong doi: U2 = U = 600 V T: ; "
mot qua cau d xa khong tich dien, dien dung C2 = 0,3 n F bang day dan manh
E^ien dung cua tu:C2 = F = l pF
Tinh dien tich moi qua cau sau khi noi. 9.10^47t.2d 2 'nil •
~" Bien tich ciia tu: Q2 = C2U2 = 10-'l600 = 0,6.10"' C.
74 75
B6\g hgc sinh gidi Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyin Phu Dfing
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann Vi§t
Vay: Khi van noi tu vdi nguon dien va du^a hai ban ra xa gap d6i thi dien tic|, 2 G H E P C A C T V D I E N
cua tu la Q2 = 0,6.10"'C dien dung cua tu la C2 = IpF va hieu dien thd' cua
la U2 = 600 V. 4 7 Tinh dien dung tiTdng diTcing, dien tich va hieu dien the' trong moi tu trong
' cic tri/dng hdp sau: / . '
4.5. Mot tu dien cau diTdc ca'u tao bdi mot qua cau ban kinh R, va v6 cau hi^ C, = 2 ^ F , C 2 = 4 ^ F , C 3 = 6 H F ; U = 1 0 0 V .
kinh R2 (Ri < R2). Tinh dien dung ciia tu.
Bai giai ^^C, = l l i F ' C 2 = l , 5 n F , C 3 = 3 ^ F ; U = 1 2 0 V . ^ ,
Ta c6: Hai ban tu dien la hai mat cau kim loai dong tam ban kinh Ri, R2. ^)C, = 0,2HF.C2=1HF,C3 = 3^F;U=12V.
- Dien the cua m6i ban: d)C, = C2 = 2 ^ F , C 3 = : l H F ; U = 10V. ^2
C| C2 C 3
v ^ k sR,
^ ; V^ , =eR. k ^ / C - i C2J- C 3 - L
V
1+ 3
880 "~ Dien dung tiTdng di/dng cua bo tu: C = Ci + C23 = 0,25 + 0,75 = 1 ^F
76 77
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
B6i du3ng hgc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguyen Phij Dgng
O' 2 7 IQ"'*'>'*''•"''^
- Hieu dien the cua tu C,: U, = U 2 3 = U = 120 V. .
uieu dien the ciia b6 tu sau khi ngdt khoi nguon: U = = — = 270 V
- Dien tich ciia tu C,: Q, = C U , = 0,25.10"*. 120 = 3.10"' C.
- Dien tich cua tu C 2 va C.,: Q 2 3 = C23U23 = 0,75.10 ^ 120 = 9. l O ' C.
^ pien tich cua tu C,: Q ; = C , U ; = 0,2.10-^270 = 5,4.10--^ C
• Q 2 = Q 3 = Q 2 3 = 9.10^C
^ pjgntichcuatu C2: Q 2 = C 2 U ^ =0,8.10^^270 = 2,16.10--^ C .
- Hieu dien the cua tu C 2 : U , = ^ = = 90 V
Vay: Hieu dien the' bp tu va dien tich moi tu sau khi ngat ra khoi nguon la
C2 10-^
U' = 270 V; Q'l =5,4.10-'Cva Q'2 = 2,16.10~'C.
_ Q 3 _9.10-' _ ,
- Hieu dien the cua tu C3: U , = = = 30 V . 4 9. Hai tu khong khi phang c6 Cj = 2 C 2 , mac noi tiep vao nguon U khong doi.
C3 3.10"
Ci/^ng dp dien tru'dng trong Ci thay doi bao nhieu Ian neu nhiing C 2 vao chat
d) Hai tu C 2 , C 3 mac song song va mac noi tiep vcti tu Ci: *' " ' •'. ^
didn moi c6 e = 2?
Ta c6: C23 = C 2 + C3 =2+ 1 = Bai giai
C C 23 C1C2 2C2C2 _ 2 C 2 _
- Dien dung tu'cJng di/dng ciia bo tu: C = — ' ^-^ =—^— = 1,2LIF Dien dung ban dau cua bp tu: C =
b< ^ ^ * • • C,+C23 2 + 3 ^ C2 C , + C 2 2C2+C2
79
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Cty TNHH MTV D W H iJuim v.ei
Bfli duOnp hoc sinh gi6i V j t l» 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ng
b) Ng^t A , B khoi nguon. Djch chuyen ban b theo . Bon tam k i m loai phang giong nhau dat
phUdng vuong goc v d i ban mot doan x. song song nhU" hinh ve. Khoang each B D = B
Tinh hieu d i e n the giffa A , B theo x. A p dung = 2DE. N o i A , E v d i nhau roi noi B, D
k h i x = d/2. , , vdi nguon U = 12V, ke do ngat nguon d i . D
9.10^47c(d + x) 9.10^471 ( d - x ) 9.10^47i ( d ^ - x ^ ) Khi lap day giiifa B va D bang dien m o i : K h i lap day khoang giffa B, D dien
Q' 2e SU 3C • •
U =- -.9.10^471 ( d ^ - x ^ ) ^ U ' = " - ^ ^ ' - ^ ' ^ - B i e n dung cua tu C 3 : C 3 = — ^ = l , 5 C o .
C 9.10^47td.eS. 2d
81
80
B6i difflng hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyjn PhO £)6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
V a y ; K h i lap day giffa B va D bang dien m o i thi hieu d i e n the giffa B va D 4 13 Bon tafm k i m loai phang hinh tron dffdng kinh
UBD = 6 V . : R.>« p = 12cm dat song song cdch deu, khoang each
4.12. T u phang khong k h i C = 2pF. Nhdng chim m6t nufa tu v^o diSn m o i 16r giffa 2 tam lien tie'p d = 1mm. N o i 2 tam A vdi D
e = 3. T i m d i e n dung neu khi nhiing, cac ban dat: j - ^ i noi B , E vdi nguon U = 20V. Tinh dien dung
a) Thang dffng. b) N a m ngang. -i* <; : ciaa bo tu va dien tich cua m o i tam. ^
Baigiai B a i giai
eS _ He thong 4 ta'm k i m loai tren tiTcJng difdng mach tu nhu" hinh ve:
Ta c6: D i e n dung ban dau cua tu: C- = 2pF
9.10^471 d eS
j D i e n dung cua m o i tu: C, = C2 = C3 = Q =
a) K h i cac ban dat thdng dufng, he diTdc xem g o m 2 tu C, va Cj mac song song: 9.10^47td
C, 0,06^ 10 p_ B A
f2 —
c, 1 1
s
C2
9.10^47td 9.10^4.10"-^ 1 1
C2
D
1 1E
D i e n dung cua bo tu: 7 B D 1 1
I
C3
C,2.C3
C = 10-'° F c.
C„+C, 2C„+C„
- D i e n dung cua tu C i : C ] =
9.10^4Tcd 2 - D i e n t i c h c u a b 6 t u : Q = C U = - . 1 0 " ' .20 = - . 1 0 " ^ C = > Q,2 = Q 3 = - . 1 0 " ^ C
S 3 3 3
^2 _sC 4 9
- D i e n dung cua tu C2: C , = - „ .10-5
9.10^4nd 2 :i$u dien the hai dau bo tu C,, C2: U , = U2 = U,2 = -
C,2 2.10-'° 3
- Diendungcuabotu: = - + — - ( — ) C - ( — ) . 2 - 4 pF.
2 2 2 2 hien tich cua cac tu C,, C j ; Qi = Q2 = C , U , = I Q - ' ^ . y = 1.10"^ C . r
V a y : K h i cac ban tu d a t t h i n g duTng thi dien dung cua tu la = 4 pF.
D i e n tich tren m o i tam:
b) K h i cac ban dat nam ngang, he diTdc xem g o m 2 tu C i va C2 m^c noi tiep.
+ T a m A : Q, = - . 1 0 - ^ C ; tam B : Q, + Q2 = - . 1 0 - ^ C .
3
C, t ^'
2
C2
+ T a m D : Q2 + Q 3 = - . I Q - ^ C ; tam E: Q 3 = - . 1 0 - ^ C .
T 3'
eS
- D i e n dung i u a tu C i : C, = V a y : D i e n dung cua bo tu la C = - . 1 0 ' ° F ; dien tich cua m o i tam k i m
3
' -9.10^471-
-2C loai Ih:
eS
- D i e n dung cua tu C2: C2 = - Q A = | . 10-5 C ; QB = - . 1 0 - 5 C ; QD = - . 1 0 - 5 C va QE = - . 1 0 - ' ' C .
3 3 3 3
9.10^4n-
2 -28C •14. T u xoay g o m n ta'm hinh ban nguyet dU'dng
T
kinh D = 12cm, khoang each giffa 2 ta'm loien tiep
- D i e n dung cua bp tu: = 2C.2SC 2B c = i : 3 _ . 2 = 3 p l
C,+C2 2C + 2 8 C 1 + e 1+3 d = 0,5mm. Phan d o i dien giffa ban co dinh va
ban di chuyen c6 dang hinh quat vdi goc d tam la
V a y : K h i cdc ban tu d a t nam ngang thi dien dung cua tu la Cb = 3 pF.
a (0° < a < 180°).
82 83
Bfil diflng hoc sinh gi6l V9t ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyin PhO B6ng Cty TIMHH MTV DWHJ<hann Vi$t
a) Bie't dien dung ciTc dai cua tu la 1500pF. Tinh n. V3y- ^'^ phdng dien giiTa hai ban tu dien thi a > 4 0 ° . "
b) T u diTdc noi v d i hieu dien the U = 500V va d vj 4 15. Cho mot so tu dien d i e n dung Co = 3 f i F . N e u each m^c dQng it tu nha't de
tri a = 120°. T i n h d i e n t i c h c u a t u . ), r-r'-^^^^^'j ^5 dien dung 5 ^ F. V e sd do each mac nay. , ,
c) Sau do ngat tu khoi nguon va thay ddi a . D j n h
Bai giai
de sir phong dien giffa hai ban. B i e t d i e n
_
CO \.,:;;^^^f-''
Bp tu C O dien dung 5 ^F > Co => Co mac song song vdi C|:
trirdng gidi han cua khong k h i la 3.10*V/m.
' =>C; = 5-3 = 2MF ^1 ' .
Baigiai
C, = 2 )iF < Co => C| gom Co mdc noi tiep vdi C2: Q Q
- D i e n tich phan d o i dien cua moi ban: S = - 7 i R ^ . - ^ ( a tinh bang do) 1 1 ^_L_1_1=1 J—"—^'—1 Co
2 180"
C2 Co '2 3 6 ••'•'H (-] Co
- Hai ban d o i dien tao nen tu dien C O dien dung:
=>C2 = 6^F
_ C2 = 6 M F = CO + CO
=-
Co
* C, = ^ v d i : R = 0,06 m ; d = 5.10^ m . = > C2 gom Co mac song song vdi Co.
9.10^471 d 9.10^4Tcd vay: Phai dung it nhat 5 tu Co va mac nhiT sau: [((Co nt Co) // Co) nt Co] // Co
-ri D
(hinh ve). • ,.,;>,:,: - . j , , , • • • :• „.,i
-7i.0,06^~ ^'r-,r>'^'4r*^^
4.16. Cho bp tu dien nhir hinh ve. Tinh dien dung bp t u , hieu dien the va dien
,^=^C,=^^ L8QL=«.,O-"F
' 9.10^471.5.10-^ 18 tich moi t u , cho C, = C , = C., = Ui F, C2 = 4 ^ F, C 4 = 12^i F, U = 30V.
- T u gom n ban tiTdng du"dng (n - 1) tu C i ghep song song nen d i e n dung cua tu Bai giai
^ / (n-l)a.l0-"
C C 14 '
\y la: C = (n - 1 )C, = -^^ - Dien dung tirdng diTdng cua C, C2: C,2 = 2 _ • = 0,8HF
18 1+ 4
a) T i n h n ,t;,• t" . • i - ' 4 ;')!• • - Dien dung tiTdng diTdng ciia C i , C 2 , C3:
D i e n dung ciTc dai cua tu ]h 1500 pF khi a = 180°. Ci23 = C,2 + C 3 = 0 , 8 + 1 = l,8jiF
C4 C2
=> 1500.10-^ = < " - ' > - ' ^ ° ° ' ° " " => „ - l = 15 => „ = 16. - Dien dung tiTdng dirdng cua C,, C 2 , C 3 , C 4 : c
18 C - _ 1,8.1,2
U ^ c, J - c
V a y : T u xoay c6 n = 16 tSm hinh ban nguyet. i© a||T -'1234
^nyC,
- 0,72 ^ I F c> r' 1
C,23+C4 1,8 + 1,2
b) D i e n tich cua tu dien
E>ien dung tirpng diTdng cua bp t u :
- K h i a = 1 2 0 ° ^ C = i ^ ^ i ^ ^ - ^ = 10-^ F .
C = C,234 + C, = 0,72 + 1 = 1,72|iF '
18 • ^. i.l:.t ..J^. . •
Hieu dien the hai dau tu C,: U 5 = U = 30 V .
•2 D i e n tich cua t u : Q = C U = 10-^.500 = S.IO'^ C.
~ E)ien tich tu C 5 : Qs = C5U5 = 10-'.30 = 3.10 ' C.
c) Gia t r i cua a de c6 sir phong dien giffa hai ban tu
~ E>ien tich tu C,234: Q1234 = C,-234U = 0,72.10^.30 = 2,16.10'^ C.
- H i e u dien the gidi han cua hai ban t u : Ugh = Eghd = S.IO'.O.S.IO"* = 1,5.10^ =
~ ^ ' e n t i c h t u C 4 : Q 4 = Q,23 = Qi234 = 2 , l 6 . 1 0 - ' C .
- K h i ng^t tu k h o i nguon thi Q = const. D i e n tich ciia mot t u :
Q^5ao;l^io:^ ,
^ " i e u dien the'hai d a u t u C 4 : n ^''^'"'%18 V .
^ 15 15 3 C, 1,2.10-
<15 ::.> a>40°. ^ i ^ u dien the' hai d£u tu C 3 va C,2: U 3 = U,2 = U,23 = ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = '^ V .
a.lO-" Cj23 1,8.10
85
B6i doBng hgc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
- D i e n tich tu C 3 : Q 3 = C 3 U 3 = 10-^ 1 2 = 1 , 2 . 1 0 ' C. iH Cho bo tu dien nhU'hlnh dU'di, C 2 = 2Ci, UAB = 16V. T i n h U M B .
- D i e n tich tu C,, C j : Q, = Q 2 = Q12 = C,2U,2 = 0,8.10 ^12 = 9,6.10 ' C. B a i giai
-6 Sdd6machtu: {[(r,/^C,)ntC2]//C,} ntC2. ^ ,,n
Q, 9,6.10
- H i e u dien the hai dau tu C i : U , = • =9,6V.
-6 ' " p i ^ n ' ^ " " S tu"(<ng du'dng cua doan mach M , B: C2 Cj
10 N M
-6 i " CMB = C , - H C , = 2 C , A -
9,6.10
- H i e u dien the hai dau tu C^. U , = ^ • = 2,4 V . r p j g n dung ti/dng du'dng cua doan mach N M B :
,-6
C2 4.10" C^-CMB _ 2C,.2C, ^
4.17. Trong hinh diTdi: C, = 3 n F, C 2 = 6)aF, C3 = C^ = 4|iF, C 5 = 8 ^ F , U = 900V CNMB q + C ^ B 2C,+2C, ' BiH
T i n h hieu dien the giCfa A , B. Dien dung tiTdng du'dng cua doan mach N B :
B a i giai CNB = CNMB + C I = C I + C | = 2C|
- S d d o mach t u : [(Ci n t C 2 ) / / ( C 3 n t C 4 ) ] ntCs.
_ _ 2Cp2C,
- H i e u dien the giffa hai d i e m A B : UAB = - U | + U 3 . Didn dung tifdng du'dng cua doan mach A B : CAB =
^2 "^^NB 2Cj+2Ci
C,.C, 3.6
- Ta c6: = = 2|iF _ Dien tich cua bo t u : Q = C A B U = C,.16 = 16C, => Q 2 = QNB = 16C,
C,+C2 3+6 11
86
87
B6i daSng hgc sinh gi6i V<it ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH_Khana Vi$t
c, c, C = C,2 + C 3 4 = | + | = 2 ^ F .
- Tac6: — = ^
C3 C, C2
Hinh 3: Sd do bp tu nhU' sau:
(3)
88 89
Boi dL/t3r,g hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. lap 1 - fJyuyen Phil D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
q , ( - + - ) = U , - ^ UAM + U M N = U A N O ^ + ^ = ^
(5)
C, C3 C, ' C3 L| C3
(6) ^ ^ + ^ =^=>q + 1 5q = 3 q
C3 ' ^^V, C,' 6 4 2 ^1 ' ^5
(5)
- Tir(l),(2),(3),(4)va(5)tadirdc:
U,- ^2
C.+C, -qi+q2+q5 =0 qj=57|iC
- L a y ( 5 ) : (6), ta diTdc: ' —^ q2=51
q,+q2=108 q3=22^C
2q3+q4=72 q4=28C
1 8 - ^2
2 + 5 q, -3q3 +I,5q5 - 0 q5-6)aC
(qa: dc(n vj tinh la | J , C )
10 + 5
lO-q^.
"10.5 ~ Diendungcuab6tu:C = Q = ^ i ^ = ^ Z l ^ = 29^p.
U U 18 18 ^ ,
1 8 - ^2
'^•24. Tu phang khong k h i , dien tich m o i ban S, khoang each 2 ban d, tich dien
o3,5- =^ ^2 =:rrr = 2 0 ^ C = 2 . 1 0 " ^ C.
10-0,3q2 0,85 <3en hieu d i e n the U roi ngat khoi nguon. Cac ban tu dat thang dilng. Do dien
=> q , - 2 0 ^ C = 2.10-^ C ; q 3 = qi + q2 = 4 0 ^ C = 4.10-' C. Tinh mat dp d i e n tich d m o i phan tren mat ban. '
Tinh cadng dp d i e n tri/dng trong khoang giffa 2 ban d phan khong k h i va phan
V a y : D i e n tich cua m o i tu la q, = 2.10"' C; qz = 2.10"' C; qa = 4.10"' C.
^i^nmoi.
4.23. Cho bp tu nhir hinh ve: C, = C2 = 6 ^ F , C 3 = 2 ^ ? , C4 = C5 = 4 | i F , U A B Tinh dp bien thien nSng li/dng cua t u . - '
18V. T i n h d i e n tich m o i tu va dien dung bp t u . » = Baigiai vt V
dufpc x e m g o m hai tu Ci//C2: it,-, i-'nb
90
6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyin Phu B6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khano Vi§t
Vay: Dien dung tiTcfng di/dng cua bo tu la: C = . + Nang lu'dng cua tu khi con noi vdi nguon:
0jd 8 SU^d - s )
- Vdi phan tu "khong khi": U ' = V$y: Do bien thien nSng lu'dng cua tu la: AW = . '
' 2d(l+e)
2d 4.25. B6 4 tu giong nhau ghep theo hai each nhu'hinh ve.
a) Cach nao c6 dien dung Idn hdn.
' d d'l+8 ( l + 8)d b) Neu dien dung tu khac nhau chiing phai c6 lien he the nao de C A = CB-
2
- Vdi phan tu "dien moi": U ' = = \= -Hh
C2 86QO
=^C,=—^
c c
(Cjba'tki). 1—^'—11—^'—1
Cj + C 2 C,+C2 0,1 + 0,2 30 c, C2
Vay: De C A = C B thi giffa dien dung cua cdc tu dien phai thoa he thiJc + Dien tich tren moi tu:
+ - + -
C C Q l = Q 2 = Q = C,2.(U,+U2)
C^=-—L-2- (Cjba'tki). N U2
C, + C 2 =—.30 = 2^C
30
4.26.Ba tu dien nhiT nhau diTcJc mac vao mach nhiT hinh ve, cho biet: Ui = 3V,
+ Hieu dien the tren tu Ci, C2:
U 2 = 4,5V. Hay fim cac hieu dien the: UAO, UBO va Uco-
Baigiai Qi
U, = -20V;
0,1
Gia suf sir phan bo' dien tich tren cac tu nhiT hinh ve.
- T a c 6 : - q i - q 2 + q3 = 0 (1) 2
-lOV.
UAO + UOB = U , 0,2
~ Khi K dong, Ci noi vdi nguon U | , C2 noi vdi nguon U2. Liic nay cac tu c6
^ - ^ =U.^q,-q2=3C (2)
L., ^2 dien tich ,Q2 (gia siif da'u cua cac ban tu nhir cu):
U B O + UOC = U2
Qi = C , . U , = 0 , 1 . 1 0 - 1 |iC;Q2 =C2.U2 =0,2.20 = 4 ^C
^ +^ = U2 = > q 2 + q 3 = 4 , 5 C - Trirdc khi dong K, dien tich tai M : QM = Q2 - Qi = 0.
L,2 '^3
~ Saukhid6ngK,dientichtaiM: Q j ^ = Q 2 - Q j = 3 n C .
=> q2 + qi + q2 = 4,5C ,
=> q, + 2q2 = 4,5C (3) •~ BienliTdngquakhoaK: AQ = Q i ^ - Q ^ = 3 ^ C . , '
QA 95
B6i diiSng hnr. sinh ai6i Vjt ly 11, tjip 1 - Nguygn PhCi ^^..^ Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
4 . 2 8 . Tren hinh v e : UAB = 2 V (khong doi). 4,30. H a i tu dien C, = 3 ^ i F , C2 = 2 n F diTdc tich dien d e n hieu dien the U , =
K
C, = C2 = C 4 - 6 n F , C 3 = 4\iF. Tinh 3OOV, U2 = 200V. Sau dd ngat tu khoi nguon v ^ noi tCfng ban m o i tu v d i nhau.
dien tich cac tu va dien liTdng di chuyen Tinh hieu dien the bp t u , dien tich moi tu va dien li/png qua day ndi neu:
• B
qua dien ke G khi dong K . 3) N6'i ban a m C, v d i ban diTdng C j . b) N d i ban a m cua 2 tu v d i nhau.
c, Isfdi cic ban cung dau v d i nhau. d) N d i cac ban trdi dau v d i nhau.
B a i giai B a i giai
C4
- K h i K dong, mach tu nhiT sau: [(Ci // C2) nt C 4 ] // C 3 : Ta cd: D i e n tich ban dau cua m o i tu:
+ D i e n dung tiTdng di/dng cua C , , C2: C12 = C i + C2 = 6 + 6 = 1 2 p,F Qi = C , U , = 3.300 = 900 ^ C = 9.10^ C. + - + .
+ D i e n dung tiTdng difdng cua C,, C2, C 4 : C, „ Q2 = C2U2 = 2.200 = 4 0 0 ^ C = 4 . 1 0 " ' C . " "
a) Khi ndi ban am C, vdi ban dUdng C2 ^' ^'
_ C,,.C, 12.6
= 4|iF
'"124 A B V i mach khong k i n nen khong cd siT di chuyen dien tich: AQ = 0.
12 + 6
C2 Q ; = Q , =9.10-^ C ; Q 2 = Q 2 =4.10-^ C .
+ D i e n dung tUdng difdng cua bo t u :
?
C = C,24 + C 3 = 4 + 4 = 8|aF va U = U i + U 2 = 3 0 0 + 200 = 5 0 0 V .
+ D i e n tich cua tu C 3 : Q 3 = CJUAB = 4.2 = 8 |iF. 3 VSy: K h i ndi ban a m C, vdi ban du-dng C2, hieu dien the bp tu la U = 500 V ; '
+ D i e n tich cua tu C4: Q 4 = Q12 = Qi24 = C,24.UAB = 4.2 = 8 ^iF. didn tich m o i tu la Q ' , = 9.10^ C va Q'2 = 4.10"* C; dien liTdng qua day ndi la
Q' 8 AQ = 0.
+ H i e u dien the hai d^u tu C , , C j : U , = U2 = U,2 = =— =^ V. b) Khi ndi ban am cua hai tu vdi nhau
-12
V i mach khong k i n nen khong cd sir di chuyen dien tich:
+ D i e n tich ciia tu C i : Q , = C i U i = 6 . - = 4 .
AQ = 0 =^ Q ; Q j = 9.10-^ C; Q2 = Q2 = 4.10-^ C . -. ^ fL
2 va U = U j - U 2 = 3 0 0 - 2 0 0 = 1 0 0 V . C, C,
+ D i e n t i c h c u a t u C 2 : Q 2 = C2U2= 6 . - = 4|aC. ,p V l y : Khi ndi ban am hai tu vdi nhau, hieu dien the bp tu la U = 100 V ; dien tich
+ D i e n liTdngdi chuyen qua dien ke G: AQ = Q 2 + Q 3 - 0 = 4 + 8 = 12 ^ C . m§i tu la Q ' , = 9.10^ C va Q'2 = 4.10^ C; dien liTdng qua day ndi \k AQ = 0.
c) Khi no'i cac ban cung dau v d i nhau
V a y : D i e n liTdng di chuyen qua dien ke G khi K dong la AQ = 12 f i C .
~ T h e o d j n h l u a t b a o t o a n dien tich:
4 . 2 9 . Hinh v e : U i = lOV, U2 = 20V, C, = 1 ^ F, C2 = 2 ^ F. T i n h dien liTdng qua G C,
Qi +Q2 = Q i +Q2 =9.10"^ +4.10'* = 13.10"^ C + ..-
khi dong K .
••'"''''"'^^ B a i giai ~ u;=U2C.^=Ql.QllQl = lH0l.260
' ' q C2 q+q 5.10-^
- Khi Q
la: Ki m
=Qd ,2di?n
= 0. tich cac ban tren cua cac tu - r U
=> Q i = 2 6 0 . C j =260.3.10"^ =7,8.10"^ C
- K h i K ddng, dien tich cac bin tren cua cac
t u l a : Q ' i = C i U , ; Q ' 2 = C2U2 Q2 =260.C2 =260.2.10-^=5,2.10"'* C .
- D i e n li/dng qua G khi K ddng l i : Aq = ( Q ' , + Q'2) - (Qi + Q2) Hieu dien the bp t u : U = = U2 = 260 V . ^
=> AQ = ( C , U , + C2U2) = 10^.10 + 2.10^.20 = 5.10~' C.
^ l e n lirdng chay qua day n d i : AQ = Q j - Q J =9.10"'*-7,8.10-'* =1,2.10"'* C .
V a y : K h i K ddng, dien liTdng qua dien ke G la AQ = 5.10'^ C.
97
6i diflny hoc sinli gioi vat ly 11, tap 1 - IMguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
Vay: K h i no'i cac ban cilng da'u vdi nhau, hieu dien the' bo tu la U = 260 V ; d a u K d vi t r i ( l ) , t i m Q ,
dien tich m o i tu la Q ' , = 7,8.10^ C va Q'z = 5,2.10"^ C; dien lUdng qua day 3' K sang vi tri ( 2 ) . T i m Q, U cua moi tu.
. \o ^
noi la AQ = 1,2.10''*C. . Bai giai
j ^ i K d vi tri (1): D i e n tich ciia tu Ci:
d) K h i noi cac ban trai da'u v d i nhau
, C U = 1-110 = 1 10 |iC = 1,1.10"'' C .
- Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich: *
Qi +Q2 = Q i - Q 2 =9.10"^ - 4 . 1 0 " * =5.lO"'* C y^y: Khi K d vi tri (1) thi Q, = 1,1.10^ C.
jQii K d vi tri (2), CO su" phan bo' lai dien tich.
Qi_^Q2_^Qr^^5J0_-^
1 2 o n n ,n r- , o-6
Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich: Q, + Q 2 3 = Q, ( = Q'^ = Q , , ) .
Cj C2 C,+C2 5.10'
. IT - U ' - Qi-Q23_Ql+Q23 Qi _ 110
= > Q'I = 1 0 0 . q =100.3.10"^ =3.10"'* C = 50 .
' M a U . - U 2 3 « ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ - ; ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
23 ^
va Q2 =100.C2 =100.2.10"^ = 2 . 1 0 " ' ' C . 2+3
Hieu dien the'hai dau tu Ci: U'l = 50 V . •
- H i e u dien the bo tu: U = U , =U2 =100 V .
_ D i e n t i c h c u a t u C , : Q , = 5 0 C j = 5 0 . 1 = 5 0 ^C = 5.10"'^ C . .
- D i e n lircJngchay qua day noi: AQ = Q j - Q , = Q . I O " ' * - 3 . 1 0 " ' ' = 6 . 1 0 " ^ C .
_ Dien tich ciia tu C2, C,: % = Q 3 = Q 2 3 = SOC^^ = 50.1,2 = 60 ixC = 6.10~** C .
Vay: K h i n o i cac ban cung da'u vdi nhau, hieu dien the' bo tu la U = 100 V;
dien tich m o i tu la Q ' , = 3.10"^ C va Q'2 = 2.10^^ C; dien liTdng qua day noi la - Hieu dien the' hai dau tu C2, C3:
noi song song v d i tu C2 chu'a tich dien. H i e u dien the bo tu sau do la 40V. Vay: Khi K d v i t r i (2) thi Q', = 5.10'' C, U ' , = 50 V ; Q'2 = Q'., = 6.10'' C,
T i n h C2 va dien tich m o i tu. U'2 = 30 V va U'3 = 20 V .
Bai giai 4.33. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve. Cac tu c6
- D i e n tich ban dau ciia tu C,: Qi = C , U = 2 . 6 0 = 120 ^ C . dien dung C gio'ng nhau, nguon c6 hieu 4 = r 1
dien the U . T i m dien tich m o i tu khi khda
- K h i noi C i song song v d i C2, theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich: Q j + Q2 = Q i J u
K chuyen tif a sang b.
Bai giai
- u ; = U , = 4 0 V « 5 . . Q l = Q l l Q l . ^ = 40
~ ' ^ h i k h 6 a K d v i t r i a : D i e n t i c h t r e n t u C , : Q = C,U = CU.
^ > khoa K d v i t r i b, se cd sir phan bo l a i dien tich, gia su- suT phan bo' dien
120 ^ 120 - , „
2 + C2 ^ 40 "'chtren cac tu nhu'hinh ve.
= 40=>C2 = 2 = 1 |aF . V'
Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich: Qi + Q 2 + Q 3 + Q 4 = Q
- D i e n tich luc sau c u a t u C , : Q j = 4 0 C i = 4 0 . 2 = 80 ^C = 8.10 ^ C .
^ M a t k h a c : U , = U 2 6 = U 3 = U45
- D i e n tich luc sau cua tu C2: Q2 = 4OC2 = 40.1 = 40 = 4.10 ^ C . v
<=>&.^Q26 _Q3_Q45_Ql+Q26+Q3+Q45
Vay: D i e n tich ciia m o i tu khi m^c song song nhau la Q'l = 8.10"^ C v i Q'2 = c c c c c c
C + - + C + -
4 . 1 0 ^ C ; dien dung C2 = 1 ^ F . 2 2 2 2
4.32. Cho 3 tu C i = 1 n F, C2 = 2 ^l F, C3 = 3 ^ F, ^ Q_^u
U = 1 lOV (hinh ben). 3C 3
OR 99
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViSt
CU
+ D i ? n t i c h t u C,: Q , =
3 cc 1.3
CU
+ D i e n tich tu Cy. Q 3 = + D i e n dung tiTcJng du-cfng cua C, va C 3 : C,3 = ' ^ = = 0,75 |aF
+ D i e n tich hai dau tu C C 3 : Qi = Q 3 = Q 1 3 = C , 3 . U = 0,75.120 = 90 ^ C
CU
+ D i e n tich tu C2, C(,: Q j = Qe = Q 2 6 = + H i e u dien the hai dau t u C , : U , = ^ - — = 90V.
6
Cj 1 J"'" ' ' 1
CU
+ D i e n tich tu C 4 , C 5 : Q 4 = Q , = Q 4 5 = AB
6
^
. H i e u dien the hai dau tuC3:
• • •
U,=
^ C3
^ = — = 30V.
3
—•
CU CU
V a y : D i e n tich ctia m o i tu la: Q i = Q 3 = ; Q 2 = Q 4 = Qs = Qe = Khi K d vj t r i (2), c6 sir phan bo lai dien tich:
K, + Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich:
4 . 3 4 . Cho mach dien nhiT hinh v e . Cac tu c6 C,
K2 Q3=.Q3 z^U3=U3=30V
dien dung giong nhau, nguon U = 9V. B a n
dau K2 mci, K i dong. Sau do m d K i va dong - Q , + Q 3 - Q 2 = - Q , + Q 3 - 0
K2. T i m h i e u d i e n th6'moi t u .
90 ''
Bai giai _ M a t k h d c : U\=v,c.^ =^ =^ = ^ : — = 15V.
^ C, C2 C,+C2 6.10-^ o
- K h i K2 m d , K , d5ng, mach tu nhu" sau: [Ci nt C2 nt C 3 ] :
Vay: H i e u dien the cua m o i tu khi khda K chuyen tiT vj t r i 1 sang v j t r i 2 l a :
C
+ D i e n dung ciia bo t u : C^, = — . Ui=U2 = 15V; U3=30V.
A B
+ D i e n tich ciia tu C,, C2, C 3 : Q, = Q2 = Q 3 - Q123 = C,23.U = j . U = 3 C .
4.36. Trong hinh ben: C, = 1 ^ F, C2 = 2 ^ F, C 3 = 3^l F,
—• •—
UAB = 120V. T i n h U moi tu khi K chuyen tii 1 sang 2. C,
- K h i K i m d , K2 dong, mach tu nhiT sau: [C, nt (C2 // C 4 ) nt C 3 ] :
Jj-
Bai giai
+ T a c 6 : Q'I = Q i = 3 C ; Q 3 = Q 3 = 3 C . - Khi K d vj t r i 1, mach tu gom: C| mac noi tiep v d i C 3 :
C3
+ Theo djnh luat bao to^n dien tich: + Dien dung IMng diTdng ciia C, va C 3 : Cj
+ 1+
- Q ; + Q 2 + Q 4 = - Q , + Q 2 = 0
2 ±
C,3=-S:^ = -L1 = 0 , 7 5 ^ F
3i+
- Q 2 - Q 4 + Q ' 3 = - Q 2 + Q 3 - 0
c,+C3 1+3 ^ a
+ M a t k h a c : U 2 =1]^ + D i e n tich tren m o i t u C | , C 3 :
Qi = Q 3 = Q i 3 = C , 3 . U = 0,75.120 = 90 ^ C
_ Q 4. . Q 2 + Q 4 _ Q i _ 3 C _ 90
Q2
= 1 , 5 V = ^ U , =U3 = ^ -3 V + Hiau dien the hai dau t u C , : U j = - ^ = — = 90 V .
2C -IC ' ^ C
c+c Cj 1
khda K chuyen tit v i t r i 1 sang v i t r i 2. Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich:
Cj
Bai giai - Q 3 + Q 2 = - Q 3 ^ Q 3 = Q 2 + Q 3
100
B6i du9ng hoc sinh gi6i Vjit ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
+ H i e u dien the hai dau tu C,: U'^ = U - U . = 120 - 54 = 66 V . ' _ Khi K chuyen sang vj t r i I : U 2 = 3 V ; Q 2 = Q 2 = 6 ^ C ; Q , = C , U = 9|iC.
V a y : H i e u dien the cua m o i tu la: u' = 9 0 V ; U 2 - 5 4 V;U3 = 6 6 V , _ Khi K chuyen l a i ve v j t r i 2:
4.37. Trong hinh ben: C, = U i F , C2 = 2 ^ ? , + Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich: ' ' ' ' '
+ Matkhac: U,+ U2 = U . ^
, + H i e u dien the cua tu C,: U " = ^ = - = 7 V
' C, 1
i =U o Q ( _+_ ) = U+
C, C2
+ H i e u dien the cua tu C2: = U- UJ'=9-7 = 2 V . ' '
Vay: K h i K chuyen tCr vi tri 2 sang vi t r i 1 thi hieu dien the m o i tu la U " , = 7
Qi
u+ 9.^ V; U"2 = 2 V .
=^ Q , = - ^ = 9 liC . "^'^S. Hai tu d , C2 mile nhiT hinh ve. Ban
1 1 1 1
H + - dau K , m d , K2 ddng. Sau do m d K2 r o i ^ C,
c, 2
•J^ng K i . T i n h hieu dien the" m o i t u .
U,
Q, B a i giai ^
+ H i e u dien the hai dau t u C , : U ' = - ^ = - = 9 V
C, 1 M iS- '1,5 Khi K i m d , K2 dong: D i e n tich cua tu C2: Q2 = C2U2.
1^ 103
6i duSng hpc sinh gidi V$t ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khann Vi§t
^ U ' , +U - ^ ( U - U , ) +U-^(U-U;)+...+ U - ^ ( U - U ; ) = 0
Vay: Hieu dien the' moi tu la U , =
C, +C 2
1 1 1
4,39. Cac tu C,, C 2 , C,, diTdc tich dien den cung hieu dien the U. Sau do mSc nU-C,(U-U',) = O o n U - C i ( U - U ' , ) — =0
noi tiep cac tu thanh mach kin, cac ban tich dien trai da'u fioi vdi nhau. Tinh
— + — + ... + —n _ ^0
nC,
- Tongquat: U'i = ( l ^)U
- Dien tich cua cac tu dien khi diTcIc tich dien den hieu dien the' U:
Q i = C,U; Q 2 = C 2 U ; ... ; Qn_, = C„.,U; Q„ = C„U.
V?y; Hieu dien the hai dau tu dien thif i la: U'i = (1 - ^ ^ ) U , vdi i = I + n
- Dien tich cua cac tu dien sau khi di/dc noi vdi nhau:
Q', = C,U',; Q'2 = CjU's; ... ; Q'„_, = C,U'„.,; Q'„ = CjUV Co la dien dung tirong duUng cua bo tu ghep noi tiep. :
- Ap dung dinh luat bao toan dien tich cho cac diem noi cac ban tu dien ke nhau: ^- G I O H H A N H O A T D Q N G
+ ban am tu 1 vdi bandirong tu 2 (diem 1):-Q'i+Q'2 = - Q i +Q2 (1) Hai tu C, = 5.10-'°F, C 2 = 15.10-'°F mdc no'i tie'p, khoang giffa 2 ban m6i tu
+ ban am tu 2 vdi ban diTdng tu 3 (diem 2): - Q ' 2 + Q ' 3 = - Q 2 + Q3 (2) '^P day dien moi c6 chieu day d = 2mm va dien tri/dng gidi han 1800V/mm.
^ o i bo tu chju diTdc hieu dien the gidi han bao nhieu?
+ ban am tu (n-1) vdti ban du'dng tu n (diem n-1):
Bai giai
- Q ' n - , + Q'n = - Q n - l + Qn(n-l) ^leu dien the toi da dat vao hai dau moi tu: Ugh = Eghd = 1800.2 = 3600 V
hay-C,U', + C 2 U ' 2 = - C , U + C 2 U (!')
^hi hai tu mac noi tiep thi: Q i = Q 2 => C i U , = C 2 U 2 .
-C2U'2 + CjU'a = - C 2 U + C3U (2') ^ ^ ' C , < C2 => U , > U2.
104 105
B6i dusng hoc sinh gidi Vat ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV pyvH Khang Vi$t
- N e u U 2 = Ugh Ui > Ugh: Tu 1 se bi danh thung nen U , = Ugh = 3600 V: Vi El > Egh = 30 kV/cm nen kh6ng khi bi dam xuyen va trd nen dan dien, khi
_C,U, 5.10~'°.3600 do hieu dien the U cua nguon dat triTc tie'p vao ta'm thuy tinh, dien trirdng
= 1200 V
^2 - " 7 ^
15.10.-10 trong ta'm thuy tinh la:
U 39
Vay: Hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: Ugh = U, + U2 = 3600 + 1200 = 480ov
4.41. Ba tu C , = 2.10'F; €2 = 4.10 "^F, C 3 = 6.10 ' ' F mac noi tiep. Hieu dien the'gj^i ' ^2 = 7 = ^ = ^^1^"^ > Egh = 100 kV/cm nen thuy tinh bj dam xuyen, tu
han cua moi tu la 500V. Hoi bo tu c6 chju di/dc hieu dien the 1 lOOV khong? dien bi hu". . ' •' ' * '
Bai giai 4.43. Ba tu C, = 1 (aF, C2 = 2nF, C 3 = 3|.iF cd hieu dien the gidi han U, =
- K h i m a c 3 t u n o i t i e p : Q , =Q2 = Q 3 « C , U i = C 2 U 2 = C3U3 lOOOV, U2 = 200V, U 3 = 500V mac thanh bp. Cach m^c nao cd hieu dien the
Vi C, < C2 < C3 U , > U2 > U3 nen : 0 gidi han cua bp tu Idn nha't? Tinh dien dung va hieu dien the' gidi han bp tu
U | = Ugh = 500V ,::fn i «; lUC nay? , . . ,„ ,
c,u,
'I'-^l 2.10"''.500
= 250 V
Bai giai ...
U2=- Vdi ba tu C,, C2, C 3 thi se cd 4 each mac: '
^2 4.10-^
a) Q/c/! 7: [C| nt C2 nt C3]: Ta cd:
C.U, 2.10-^500
U3=-
.-9
= 166,67 V Q, = Q2 = Q^ o C,U, = C2U2 = C3U3
-3 6.10
- Hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: U| + U 2 + U3 = U O U, + qu, C,U,
• - i ^ =U
C3
U = U, + U 2 + U 3 = 500 + 250+ 166,67 = 916,67 V < 1100 V.
Vay: Bp tu khong the chiu du'dc hieu dien the 1100 V. Tirdd: U, = u — = —U<1000 =^ U < ^ ^ « ] 8 3 3 V
Ci 11 3
4.42. Til phang khong khi d = 1,5cm no'i vdi nguon U = 39kV (khong ddi).
a) Tu CO hu^ khong ne'u biet dien triTdng gidi han cua khong khi la 30kV/cm? --3
b) Sau do dat tarn thuy tinh c6 e =1,1 = 0,3cm va dien triTdng gidi han
PIT .
lOOkV/cm vao khoang giiJa, song song 2 ban. Tu cd hiT khong? U<200
•^i' Bai giai ' •
^ C2 2 22 3
U 39
i.Au
- Dien triTcJng giffa bai ban tu la: E = — = — = 26 kV/cm .
i l ^ = Au<500: U < 2750 V
d 1,5 33
a) Trirdng hdp dien triTdng gidi han b^ng 30 kV/cm: V i E < Egh nen tu khdng bi htf
Vay: Tru^dng hdp nay hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: Ugh = 733 V.
b) Trirdng hdp dien triTdng gidi han bang 100 kV/cm: Khi c6 tarn thuy tinh, dien
b) Cdch 2: [C, // C2 // C 3 ] : Ta cd: U, = U2 = U 3 => Ugh = 200 V.
dung cua tu tang len, dien tich d cac ban tu tang len lam cho dien tru'c^ng
Vay: Trufdng hdp nay hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: Ugh = 200 V.
trong khoang khong khi cung tang len.
c) Cdch 3: [(C, // C2) nt C 3 ] : Ta cd: U, = U2 =^ U . = 200 V ,
Gpi E| la cirdng dp dien triTdng trong phan khong khi; E2 la ci/dng dp die^
an.! n5ni / r .
trUdng trong phan thuy tinh. Ta cd: va: Q,2 = Q3
107
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
B6i diOng hpc sinh gidi V g t 1 1 , t?p 1 - Nguygn PhO B6ng
2
Nang li^dng dien trirdng: W = — —
Matkhac: = ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ ? ^ ^ = 0,5U < 500 V = ^ U < 1000 V .
Mat dp nang lu'png dien tru'dng:
Vay: Trufdng hcJp n^y hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu la: Ugh = 400 V.
W q^ (8,9.10~*)2 ,
d) Cdch 4: [C, nt (C^ // C 3 ) ] : Ta c6: U 2 = U 3 => U^,^^ = 200 V . •- w =- r= r = ^w = 4 = 0,028 J/m^.
S 8me,RAnR' 1 ^ j3
va:Q, = Q23 <=> C,U, = ( C 2 + C 3 ) U 2 3 471.9.10^
Ma U , + U23 = U vay: Mat dp nang liTpng dien trirdng d sat mat qua cau la w = 0,028 J/ml
4.46. Nam tu giong nhau, moi tu C = 0,2^ F mac noi tiep. Bp tu diTde tich dien,
thu nang liTctng 2.10"*J. Tinh hieu dien the moi tu. ii.r ,0 vj;
Bai giai
vaU„= ^ = - < 2 0 0 ^ U<1200V 2 10'^ .
23 C2+C3 6
_ NangliWngmoituthudirpe: W = . — ^ = 4.10"^ J. '"
Vay: Trirdng hpp nay hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu 1^: Ugh = 1200 V.
- So sanh 4 each mac, ta thay each mac thuf 4 la c6 hieu dien the gidi han cija _MaW = ^ ^ u J ^ =J ^ = 20V.
bp tu la Idn nhat va bhng 1200 V. Dien dung cua bp tu trong tri/dng hPp nay
2 V C V0,2.10-^
^ c _ C . ( C , + C 3 ) _ 1.(2 + 3) _ 5
Vay: Hieu dien the cua moi tu la U = 20 V. * '
C,+C2+C3 1+2 + 3 6
4.47. Viec han moi day dong diTpc thiTc hien bkng mot xung phdng dien cua tu
Vay: Cach mac c6 hieu dien the gidi han cua bp tu Idn nha't la each mac C = 1000^l F dufdc tich dien den U = 1500V. Thdi gian phat xung 1 = 2 ^ 8 , hieu
suS't thiet bi H = 4%. Tinh cong sua't hieu dung trung binh cua moi xung dien.
[ C i nt ( C 2 / / C 3 ) ] , luc do Ugh = 1200 V va C = 7 laF.
Bai giai ,',4fMw„t ,
o
4. NANG LI/0NG CUA T V D I E N
- mnglUdngeuatuC:W = ^ =l M H : ! i ^ = ll25J. "
4.44. Tu dien khong khi d = 5mm, S = 100em^ nhiet liTdng toa ra khi tu phong 2 2
dien la 4,19.10"^J. Tim U nap. - Hieu suat cua thiet bj: ? ^
Bai giai H f^r^A n W.0,04 0,04.1125 , _7 „, '
H = — = 0,04=>P = =- — = 2,25.10^ W .
CU^
Nhiet li/dng toa ra khi tu phong dien: Q = W t 2.10"*^
Vay: Cong suat hieu dung trung binh cua moi xung dien la P = 2,25.10'' W.
: ^ u^.gQ.2q.9.l0^4,d = 2.4.l9.10-l9.l0r4,.5.10^' '^•48. Tu phang khong khi diTpc tich dien roi ngat khoi nguon. Hoi nSng iMng tu
C eS .100.10"'' thay ddi the" nao khi nhiing tu vao dien moi long c6 e = 2.
^ U = 21700 V = 21,7kV. Bai giai , ...
Vay: Hieu dien the nap cua tu la U = 21,7 kV. - 1^5ng lirpng ban dau cua tu dien: W, = .
4.45. Mot qua eau kim loai ban kinh R = 10cm tich dien den hieu dien the ' • ' 2C,
8000V. Tinh mat dp nSng li/png dien trufdng d sat mat qua cau. Khi ngat tu ra khoi nguon, dien tich tren tu khong ddi, nhiing tu vao dien moi
Bai giai u W
'<^ng CO E = 2 thi C2 = 2Ci nen tu dien cd n^ng li/png: Wj = — =
.... - ' kq V . s R 8000.0,1 ^ Q . ^ - S ^ ,
- Dien the cua qua eau: V = — = > q = — ; — —- = 8,y.iu L-
eR k 9.10^ ^3y: Nang liTOng cua tu giam di 2 Ian. < '^^'^ '" •
109
1 no
B6i mng hgc sinh gi6i V^t ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyln Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
4.49. T u phang khong khi C = 10 ' " F dUdc tich dien den hieu dien the U = lOOV
^ C U = C'U' =. U ' = ^ =^ = i^ = ^ = 200V.
roi ngiit khoi nguon. Tinh cong can thUc hien de tang khoang each hai ban tu C 3C 3 3
len gap doi? Vay: Hieu dien the' cua tu khi ngat khoi nguon va nhung vao dien moi la U '
B a i giai
' • c 10"'° 100^ '' C6ng <3e nhac tu ra khoi dien moi
- Nang krong cua tu dien: W, = —^ = •' = 5.10"'' J . '>'
lu-^ , u ' ..r CU^ 6.10"^600^ , ^„ , '
j^ang WcJug cua tu khong khi: W, = = = 1,08 J .
- Khi ngat tu ra khoi nguon, dien tich cua tu khong d o i :
Q = C,U = 10 "'.100= 10 '^C Hang Wdng cua tu sau khi nhung vao dien moi:
C '^CVl^3.6.IO-'.200^ "
- K h i tang khoang each cua hai ban tu len gap doi thi: C2 .
2 2 2 : , .
Cong can thiet de nhac tu ra khoi dien moi: ' ,
- Nang li/dng luc sau cua tu dien: =— =— = 2W, ^^^^ .^^^
A = W| - W 2 = 1,08 - 0,36 = 0,72 J. -
Vay: Cong de nhac tu ra khoi dien moi la A = 0,72 J.
- Cong can ihi/c hien la: A = W , - W, = W, = 5.10 ' J. 4.51. Hai tu Ci = 2 ^ F, C2 = 0,5 ^ F tich dien den hieu dien the U, = 1OOV, U 2 = 50V
Vay: Cong can thiTc hien de tang khoang each giffa hai ban tu len gap doi la r6i ngat khoi nguon. Noi cac ban khac dau ciia 2 tu vdi nhau. Tinh nang
' A = 5.10-''J. '- • W^v lifdng cua tia lufa dien phat ra.
4.50. T u phang khong k h i C = 6|LI F du-dc tich dien den hieu dien the U = 600V B a i giai
4.52. Hai tu C, = 600pF, C 2 = lOOOpF di/dc m^c noi tiep vao nguon U = 20kV rgj
ngit khoi nguon. N o i cac ban cung dau cua hai tu v d i nhau. T i n h nSng l u o j i g
cua tia lufa dien nay ra. i f i» ' i ' < . < «t 1 p 6 bien thien nang lu'cJng ciia t u : A W = W - W . • ' -
B a i giai
, . ^ C.C, 600.1000 ^
'^•.w4,c„-c,4(,-.,c„u^.<i;!^' , ,
- D i e n dung tiTdng diTcfng cua bo t u : C = ^ '^^ = 600 + 1000 " ^ "
2.10~^47t .9.10^
- D i e n tich cua tu C,, C 2 : Q, = Q 2 = C U = 375.10-"l200OO = 7,5.10^ C. Khi rut ta'm thuy tinh ra khoi tu dien, ta can thiTc hien mot cong. K h i tu dien
noi vdi nguon, cong A dting de riit tam thuy tinh c6 gia tri bang do bien thien
- N5ng liTdng luc dau cua hai t u : Wj = — ! - + — ^
nang li^dng cua he tu dien - nguon. M o t phan cong nay l a m thay ddi nang
^ i / , 53 . 10"^)^
(1 W P5-10"^")^
i u ; ^ (1 ' U ; ^0,075 J
2.600.10"'^ 2.1000.10''^ liTdng cua tu dien mot liTdng: A W = ^( • " e)CoU^
- K h i n o i cdc ban cung dau cua hai tu vdi nhau thi; Q| + Q j = Q , + ; UJ =
_ Khi tam thuy tinh diTdc riit ra khoi tu dien, dien dung cua tu dien giam d i , do
do vdi cijng hieu dien the" U , dien tich ciia tu dien giam d i . M o t phan dien
Cj C2 C,+C2 C,+C2 (600 + 1000)10"'^ tich AQ da dich chuyen ngiTdc chieu nguon dien. Cong djch chuyen cac dien
=> U ' l = U ' 2 = 9375 V . tich nay bang: A W ' = - A Q . U = - A C . U ^ - U^CQCE -1)
Dodo:
- Nang liTdng luc sau ciia hai t u : W2 - •+
A - A W + A W ' = 1(1 - e)CoU2 + U'Co(e -1) = l ( e - DCQU^ = 318.10"' J .
600.10-'^9375^ ^ 1000-10-" 9375^ ^ 3 j
2 2 2 Vay: D o bien thien nSng liTdng va cong can thiTc hien trong trirdng hdp nay la
tinhlaCothi: C= eCo=-^
2Co E 2 2d
a) K h i tu van noi v d i nguon
- Nang liTdng cua tu dien khi mac vao nguon l a : W = ^ C U ^ = ^^^0^^ • AwJ5.|).5.20O.lO-'.3OO-^,3^,^_,j
- Nang liTdng ctia tu dien sau khi ban thuy tinh da diTdc riit ra het l a : 2.10"-\47r .9.10^
112
B6i dudruj iu>c sinh gidi V$t ly 11. t^p 1 - Nguygn PhCi Bong Cty TNHH MTV DVVHKhang Vi$t
- Khi tu dien diTdc ngat khoi nguon, cong de rut ta'm thuy tinh chi b^ng dp bi^^^ Cong cua liTc dien tru'dng keo dien moi long vao trong tu dien bie'n thanh the
thien nSng lu^dng cua tu dien: A ' ^ AW = 1590.10"^ J. nang cua cot dien moi trong trong tru'dng. Cong nay bang dp bie'n thien nSng
Vay: Dp bien thien nang liTdng va cong can thiTc hien trong tri/dng hcfp
lu'dng cua he tu dien - nguon: A =
la AW = A ' - 1590.10^ J. \ ; :
4.54. Tu phang c6 dien tich ban S, khoang each 2 ban la x, noi vdi nguon \j Vdi Ci, C2 la dien dung cua tu dien triTdc va sau khi c6 cot dien moi vdi chieu
khong doi. cao H. Ta c6 thd' coi tu dien sau khi dien moi dang len nhu'gom hai tu dien
a) Nang luictng tu thay doi ra sao khi X tang. r-: mac song song: mot tu dien khong khi c6 chieu cao h - H, mot tu dien c6 dien
b) Tinh cong sua't can de tach cac ban theo x. moi long c6 chieu cao H. Do do:
Biet van toe cac ban tach xa nhau la v.
c) Cd nang can thiet va dp bien thien nang lUdng ciia tu da bie'n thanh dang
nang lu'dng nao?
Bai giai
a) Sir thay doi nang liTdng cua tu khi x tang: Gpi x la khoang edeh ban dau giffj => A = — E o ( e - l ) / H
hai ban; x' la khoang each luc sau giiJa hai ban. Ta c6: A x = x' - x > 0. 2d , v .,
C'U^ CU^ - Trong lu'dng cua cot dien moi la: P = mg = Dgd/H.
- Dp bie'n thien nang lu'dng cija tu dien: A W = W - W = — — - The nang W ciia cot dien moi trong trong triTdng bing trpng liTdng ciia n6
z^AW= {-^ = 0_(^_^') ^ 5_.Ax<0. , nhan vdi chieu cao khoi tam — : W - P.— = - D g l d H ^ . ?
2 x' X 2xx' ; 2xx' , . I . 2 2 ^ ,
' ii'i
Vay: Khi X tang thi nang lu'dng cua tu dien giam. (E-DEQU^
- VI A = W = > H =
b) Cong sua't can de tach cac ban tu Dgd^
ban cham vao mat dien moi long e eo khoi liTdng rieng D. Noi tu vdi nguon ^' ^) Tinh dp bien thien nang liTdng ciia he tu. Nhan \6t vh giai thich.
dien moi dang len doan H giCTa hai ban. Bo qua hien tiTdng mao dan. Tinh H- Bai giat ^
Hieu dien the tren mdi tu
Bai giai
E>ien tich ban dau ciia tu 1: Q, = CoUo = 100.10-'.60 = 6 . 1 0 ' C .
- Khi tu dien da du'dc tich dien va dUdc dat cham who chat I6ng dien moi, no
Khi hai tu mac song song vdi nhau: Q', + Q2 = Q i U ' j =
xu hirdtng hiit dien moi vao giOTa hai ban, vi vay nang hrdng ciia he giam di-
114.
B6i doBng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phii D6ng
Q, 6.10 ,-3 60 4,58. Tu phang c6 cac ban nam ngang, d = 1cm, U = lOOOV. Mot giot thuy ngan
C,+C2 C2 IO^'^CE + I ) 0,1.U2 + 1
mang dien tich q n\m can bKng ngay giffa 2 ban. Dot nhien U giam bdt 4V.
'1 "-2 ^i^^2 ^\
Hoi sau bao lau giot thuy ngan rdi cham ban du'di? Cho g = lOm/sl
60 = 0,1U^^+U^ < » 0 , l U ^ ^ + U ^ - 6 0 = 0 B a i giai
U'2, = 20 V; U'22 = - 3 0 V (loai). De giot thuy ngan nam can bang trong dien tri/dng thi: P = F.
Vay: Hieu dien the tren moi tu la U ; = = 20 V . U _ q gd 10.0,01 , .
c> mg = q — — = — = = 10
b) Do bie'n thien nang liTdng ciia h6 tu
^ ^d m U 1000
C Q U ^ _ 10-^60^
- Nang lifdng ban dau ciia he tu: Wj = = 0,18J , Khi U giam bdt 4(V) thi U ' = U - 4 = 1000 - 4 = 996V thi:
U'
- Nang liTdng liic sau ciia he tu: p _ F' = ma <=> mg - q — = ma
d
c,u;^ c,u;^ io"'*.20^ o,i.2o.io~^.2o^ => a = g-
= 0,06 J. md
2 2 2 2 2
- Do bie'n thien nang luTdng cua he tu: _ Khi giot thuy ngan rdi cham ban du'di thi quang diTdng di du'dc la: s = - .
4.60. T u phang d = 4cm du'dc tich dien. M o t electron bat dau chuyen dong tir
1 eU
bdn a m sang ban du'dng, dong thdi mot proton cung bat dau chuyen dong Thay gia tri cua t vao (2) vdi chii y y = h ta du'dc: h = —. .
2 md
ngiTctc lai ttf ban du'dng. H o i chung gap nhau each ban dUdng mot khoang bao
nhieu? Bie't mp = 1840me. Bo qua tac dung ciia trong life. 2hvf,md 2.6.10 '.(3,2.10^)^.9,1.10^".3.10"^
u = = 582,4 V .
B a i ^iai er 1,6.10"'\(6.10"^)^
- Bo qua tac dung cua trong li/c nen proton va electron chi chiu tac dung cua Vay: H i e u dien t h e g i f f a hai b a n tii d i e n la U = 582,4 V .
life dien tru'cJng: T " — —'
+ 4 52- ^^^^-^ ^^"S '^'^ '^'^^ ^° ~ lOOV, m o t d i e n tiiT b a y v a o
B a i giai
~ D e d i e n tijT k h o n g r a k h o i t u t h i : y > - o-^H^ >1 +
- Chon h e t r u e xOy nhu" h i n h v e . Chuyen d o n g c i i a 2 2mdv?>
d i e n ttf t r o n g d i e n trU'dng d ^ d c chia t h a n h h a i f
O 9,1.10~-''.0,01^(6.10^)^
p h a n t h e o h a i t r u e Ox va Oy: = 2,04 V
+ Theo true Ox: D i e n tuT chuyen d o n g t h a n g d e u : qx' l,6.10-'^0,!^
. ' ' X = Vot (1) ^ay: De dien tu" khong ra dirdc khoi tii thi U > 2,04 V .
+ Theo t r u e Oy: D i e n tu" c h u y e n d o n g n h a n h d a n + '^•^3. Dien tuT mang nang lUdng Wo = 1500eV bay vao mot tu phang theo hiTdng
d e u dudi t a c d u n g c u a lire d i e n triTdng: ^ong song vdi hai ban. Hai ba'n dai / = 5cm, each nhau d = 1cm. Tinh U giiJa
1 2 1 eU 2 F eU '^ai ban de dien \\i bay khoi tu dien theo phu'dng hdp vdi cac ban mot goc a =
y = - a t^ = - . — r (2), vdi a = — = —
^ 2 y 2 md m md 'l°(tanll".0,2). ' , ^, '
- K h i ra k h o i b a n t h i q u a n g du'dng d i e n tuT d i diTdc t h e o t r u e O x l a x = /, theo B a i giai
t r u e O y la y = h . D o d o : ^hon he true xOy nhU hinh ve. Chuyen dong cua dien tu" trong dien trU'dng
t.i:;IS I
^^Oc chia thanh hai phfin:
+ T i r ( l ) suy ra: t = — .
"*" Theo true Ox: D i e n tiJ chuyen dong thang deu: x = V(,t; v^ = VQ = const.
118
B6i dilBng hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. t?p 1 - NguySn Phu Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
+ Theo true Oy: D i e n tuf chuyen dong nhanh dan deu d\id\c dung cua Iif^ b = h , + h 2 = ^ . - ^ ( s + 21)
at ax' ... F qU ^ 2 mdv„
dien tru-dng: y = — - ; Vy = at (vdi a = — = -J— )
2vi m md
qUs(s + 21) 1,6.10"'^.50.0,06.(0,06 +2.0,15) .
- Taco: :=> V n —7, =A T, ^ r— = 1,6.10' m/s
^ 0 V 2mdb \j 2 . 9 , 1 . 1 0 - " . l , 8 . 1 0 - l 2 , l . 1 0 - 2
+ Theo true Oy: D i e n tuT chuyen dong nhanh dan deu diTdi tac dung cua
^ r> 2-2 2qU,_, , ^ mv^sin^a mv^sin^a^
at' ax F qU <=> 0 - v ^ s i n ' a = — i — ( d - x ) x=d ^ =:d(l ^ )
dien triTcJng: y - ; Vy = at, vdi a = — = ° md 2qU 2eU
2^1 m md
^ $ y : Electron c6 the each ban tu a m khoang n g i n nhat la
- K h i dien tuf ra khoi t u :
„2
1 q U s' qU s x = d ( l - " ' ' 2' oe U
''"'"
•0 ---
2 md v j md V 0
H Hat b u i m = 0,01g mang dien tich q = l O ' C dSt vao dien triTdng d i u E
^ A ^2 I u quis •^^m ngang, hat b u i chuyen dong vdi Vo = 0, sau t = 4s dat van tdc v = 50m/s.
Ta c6: — = — => h , = — — r ^ho g = lOm/s^ C6 ke den tac dung cua trong life. T i m E.
mdv.
120 121
B6i du3ng hgc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t§p 1 - Nguygn Phil Bang Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
' qE
122 123
B6i duBng hQC sinh gioi Vgl ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
2mx _ mgx
y = Vo
qE qE
D O N Q f > I ^ N K H O N Q Otf I
' qE V qE
CmsnJilL DONG DIEN KHONG DOI - DIEN TRd
\2
2mgxy , 2mxv„
<=> y +
2
+
mg
X = '0 .1 DINH LUAT OM CHO DOAN MACH
qE vqEy qE
qE .2 ^ 2_., „ ..2 gVo dien cua day dan trong mot ddn vi thdi gian: I = —
= > V =
+ g t - 2gVot + VQ=^ V,„in <z> V „,i„ => t =
^m^ At
qE
V d i dong dien khong ddi thi: I = —.
qE' g^V^
1. D i ^ n t r d
+g
qE' - Di^n trd ciia day ddn kim loai hinh tru: R = p — ( p la dien trcl suat; / la
qE + g S
chieu d a i ; S la tiet dien).
~ Di^n trd phu thuQc vao nhiet do: R = Ro(l + a t) hay p = p^Cl + a t ) .
qE qE
Vmin — V o = : > Vn,i„ = (Ro la dien trd day dan d 0°C; R 1^ dien trd day dan d t°C; v d i k i m loai
2 2
qE P > 0, v d i cha't dien phan p < 0).
+g
124 125
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vigt
Si duang hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, t j p 1 - M g u y i n Phu D6ng
" R,+R.+R,
B . NHtnNQ C H U Y K H I GlAl B A I T A P
Bien doi mach tam giac thanh mach hinh sao:
1. De tinh ciTdng do dong dien trong doan mach, hieu dien the' hai dau doan
mach dien trd c6 the diTa vao:. , <. r , , R, - R , 2 + R | 3 + -
R23
v - Cong thufc dinh nghla cu'dng dp dong dien (I = —); djnh luat 6m (I = H)
R^lR^
! t R
- Tinh chat cua doan mach noi tiep, song song. Rl3
- Cac bai toan "chia the'" (doan mach noi tiep), "chia dong" (doan mach R-iiRa
song song). ^3 - ^ 3 l " ' " ^ 3 2 ' ^ ' ^'
R12
2. Khi tinh toan dien trd can chu y:
+ Cac doan mach cd so' dien trd v6 cung nhieu: Luc nay dien trd tiTPng dUdng
- Cong ihdc djnh luat 6m (R = — ) ; cong thufc R = p - , cong thufc R = cua mach se khong phu thupc vao so liTdng mac xich nen cd the coi dien trd
tifdng du'dng ciJa ca mach (n mic xich) bang dien trd ti/Png diTPng cua mach
Ro(l + a t ) .
gom (n-1) miCc xich: R n = R n _ i , ivt do tinh diTdc R „ .
- Tinh cha't cua doan mach noi tiep, song song.
- Cdc bai toan "chia the" (doan mach noi tie'p), "chia dong" (doan mach C . C A C B A I T A P \h DONG DIEN KHONG D6I - D I E N TRd - DINH
song song). LUAT 6M CHO DOAN MACH
j5j - Cac quy tac tinh "fi/^n trd tucmg ducfng" do'i vdi cac mach dien trd ghep 1. DONG D I E N K H O N G D O I
vdinhau: ; S.l. Mot dong dien khong doi cd I = 4,8A chay qua mot day kim loai tiet dien
+ Cac quy tdc bie'n doi tumg ducmg: thdngS= I c m l T i n h :
• Chap cac nut c6 ciing dien the (thi/dng vdi doan mach c6 R = 0) hoac tach
3) So' electron qua tiet dien thang cua day trong Is. '
'tf mot nut thanh nhieu nut cd ciing dien the.
^) Van toe trung binh cua chuyen dong dinh hifdng cua electron. ' '
• Chap cac nut doi xiJng nhau qua mot true (mach dien ph^ng) hoac moi
Biet mat do electron tu" do n = 3.10^% •\ „
mat phSng (mach dien khong gian) qua dau ra - vao cua mach dien (vi co
Bai giai ,
cijng dien the); tach mot niit llwnh nhieu niit thi cac niit nay phai nam doi
So electron qua tiet dien thang ciia day trong Is al-, i-n
xiJug nhau qua mot true (mach dien ph^ng) hoac mot mat ph^ng (niat^h
T ' T q "6 It 4,8.1 . , _i9
dien khong gian) qua dau ra - vao cua mach dien. Taco:I=- =— = > n = — =— • = 3.10 t- - '
• Bo qua doan mach khong cd dong dien di qua (doan mach cd dien trd f''' t t e 1,6.10 ''^
Idn). Vay: So'electron qua tiet dien thSng cua day trong Is la n = 3.10".
+ Cac phep Men doi m(jtch hinh sao thanh much tarn gidc hoac mach tarn gi^'^ Van toe trung binh cua chuyen dong dinh hudng cua electron
ihanh much hinh sao: Ta cd: Mat dp dong dien: i = — = nqv
S
127
m
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i V^t ly 11, t|ip 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng — — Cty TNHH MTV DWHJ<hang Vijt
4,8 :hieu cua I , I , , I3 diTdc cho nhu' hinh. Tim cirdng dp dong dien va hieu dien
=> V = = 10 ^ m/s = 0,01 mm/s.
-4 | t h e tren moi vat dan con lai. Cho biet cac diem tren cung mot day dan se c6
nqS 3.102^1,6.10"'^10
•cDng dien the.
Vay Van toe trung binh cua chuyen dong dinh hifdng cua electron la v = 0,01 mm/s,
Bai giai '9^^ ^ *. ,
5.2. Trong khoang thdi gian 10s, dong dien qua day dan tSng deu tCr Ii = 1A de'n
|Mach dien diTdc ve lai nhu'sau:
I : = 4A. Tinh cuTdng do dong dien trung binh va dien liTdng qua day trong thdi I M 'J I
heo tinh chat cua doan mach no'i liep,
gian tren.
(1)
jng song:
Bai giai (3)
•3
r a c d : U A B = 1 2 V ; UAM = 8 V .
(2)
CiTcJng dp dong dien trung binh: I = - ^ - ^ = — j - ^ 2,5 A I = 6 A; 1| = 3 A; 13 = 5 A. M
A = N B
• I2 = l 3 - I , = 5 - 3 = 2 A . 14)
Dien lifdng qua day trong thdi gian tren: q = It = 2,5.10 = 25 C.
i I4 = I -13 = 6 - 5 = 1 A.
5.3. Tu phang khong khi c6 ban ciTc hinh vuong canh a = 20cm, khoang each
"" UNM = UAM = 8 V ; U N B = U A B = 1 2 V ; U M B = UAB - U A M = 1 2 - 8=4 V.
d = 2mm, no'i vdi nguon U = 500V. Du'a mot ta'm thuy tinh c6 chieu day
2. D I E N T R 6 Tl/OfNG Dl/OfNG
d' = 2mm, h^ng so dien moi e = 9 vao tu vdi van toe khong ddi v = lOcm/s.
5.5. Mot tu phang, chat dien moi giiJa hai ban tu c6 hang so dien moi 8 va dien
Tim cU'dng dp dong dien trong mach trong thdi gian du'a tam dien moi vao tu.
trd suat p. Dien dung cua tu la C. Tinh dien trcf cua dien moi giiJa hai ban tu.
Cu'dng dp nay c6 thay doi trong thdi gian noi tren khong?
Bai giai v M ft r
Bai giai
Ta c6:
- Dien dung cua tu trU'dc khi du'a tam thuy tinh vao:
eS + Dien trd ciia dien moi: R = p - (1)
C= S
k.47t d k.47i d k.47t d
sS
- Dien dung cua tu khi di^a tam thuy tinh c6 be day d' = d vao: + Dien dung cua tu ph^ng: C = (2)
k.47id
eS 9S 9a^
C = + Khoang each giiTa 2 ban tu dien bang chieu dai dien trd cua tu di?n: d = /.
k.47: d k.47t d k.47t d • Tir(2)suyra: - = i = - ± - (3)
Quang dirdng diTa tam thuy tinh vao tu: s = a. S S 4nkC
s H 20 1 10,-9
Thdi gian diTa tam thuy tinh vao tu: At = - = - = — = 2 s. • The'(3) vao (1), ta diTdc: R = = ^ . Vdi =
47tk.C C ° 4:Tk 36n
Aq U(C'-C)
Cirdng d6 dong dien trong mach: I = — =
At At V$y: Dien trd cua dien moi giffa hai ban tu la R = "^^ '
C
U.8a' 8.500.0,2'
1 = = = 3,54.10~''A. Hai day dan, khi mdc noi tiep cd dien trd Idn gap 6,25 Ian khi mic song
k.4jid.At 9.10^.471.2.10"^2
song. Tinh ti so dien trd cua hai day.
- V i tam thiiy tinh chuyen dong deu nen I khong doi.
Bai giai
Vay: Cirdng dp dong dien trong mach l i I = 3,54.10"^ A = const.
5.4. Bon valt dan di/dc noi bSng Tac6:R,+R^=:6^5.-5l%-o(R,+R,)'-6,25R,R '=0 ^'^^
R,+R2 \ ^/ 1 2
(1) (4) B
cac day dan nhif hinh ve. Biet
UAB = 12V; UAM = 8 V ; I = 6A;
ZJ-rL— H4:
N Rf+2R,R2+R^-6,25R,R2 =0 o Rf-4,25R,R2+ R ^ - 0
1 ii
j _ 9 . Co hai loai dien trd Ri = 3Q, R2 = 5Q. H o i phai can m o i loai may cdi de khi
^ R , =4R2 (loaigiatriam) =>—- = 4. ghdp no'i tie'p, chung c6 dien trd tUdng dUdng la 55Q?
R2
B a i giai
Rl ^
Gpi X la so dien t r d R i , y la so dien trd R2 can diing: x, y nguyen, dUdng.
Vay. T i so d i ? n t r d cua hai day la — - 4 .
D i e n trd tUdng dUdng khi he ghep noi tiep: Ru, = 3x + 5y = 55
5.7. Day dan c6 dien trd R = 144Q. Phai cat day ra bao nhieu doan bKng nhau d | 55-3x
khi m^c cac doan do song song nhau, dien trd tiTdng diTdng la 4Q? = > y = - y — = ll-0,6x , ;
Uai giai _ V i y nguyen, du'dng nen: 11 - 0 , 6 x > 0 => x < !8,3 .
+ x = 0 = > y = 11 •
D i e n t r d ciia m o i doan day sau khi cat la: Ro = — •
n + x = 5=>y =8
+ x=10^y =5 ; •
D i e n trd tiTcfng diTdng cua n doan day gio'ng nhau mic song song 1^:
R + x = 1 5 = > y = 2.
R, - I Rl io i _r Rz ^ = ^ n = ^ — =6.
Vay: Co 4 phiTdng a n chon cac dien trd R i , R2 de khi ghep noi tiep dien trd
" n ^R,d V4 tiTdng du'dng cua chung la 55 Q g o m :
V a y : Phai cat day dan thanh 6 doan bhng nhau.
+ mach gom 11 dien trd R2 ghep noi tie'p. ; .v,
5.8. Ba dien t r d R, = I Q , R2 = 2Q, R3 = 3Q. H o i c6 bao nhieu each m^c cac die
+ mach gom 5 dien trd Rj va 8 dien trd R2 ghep noi tiep. r s
trd nay v d i nhau? T i m dien t r d tiTdng diTdng trong m o i tri/dng hdp.
+ mach gom 10 dien trd R\a 5 dien trd R2 ghep noi tie'p. h
B a i giai
+ mach g o m 15 dien trd R, va 2 dien trd R2 ghep noi tiep.
Cac each m^c 3 dien t r d R,, R2, R 3 la:
5.10. Ba dien trd R,, R2, R3 diTdc mac theo sd
- [ R l nt R2nt R 3 ] : R,d = R i + R2 + R 3 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6Q.
do ben. B i e t khi doi cho cac dien trd, ta c6 I ' ' ^
- [ R , / / R 2 / / R 3 ] : _ L ^ J - + - L + -L = i + l + i = i!- ^ R _ ^ = A « 0 , 5 5 Q . the tao du'dc cac mach eo dien trd 2,5Q; ~
R,j R, R2 R3 1 2 3 6 11
4Q;4,5a
TinhR|,R2,R3.
- [R, nt (R2// R3)]: R,d = R. + - 1+ = 2,2Q.
R2+R3 2+ 3 B a i giai
V i vai tro ciia R i , R2, R3 nhif nhau nen gia siif cae each mic eo dien trd ti/dng
dufdng tu-dng ilng la:
131
130
61 doeng hpc sinh
sin gi6i Vjt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ngj Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann Vi$t
_ L a y ( 5 ) - ( 4 ) ^ R , R 2 - R | R 3 = 1 , 5 . ( R | + R 2 + R3) (7)
1 R ( ) | « l + RQ2a2
_ Lay (7) + (6) => 2R,R2 = 6.(R, + R2 + R,) - ^ ;-.M R = (Ro, + R02) (2)
•^01 +''^02
R,R2 = 3 . ( R , + R 2 + R 3 ) (8)
RniCt,
_ Thay (8) vao (5) => R2R3 = R, + R2 + R3 ~ (9)
_ T h a y ( 8 ) v a o ( 6 ) = ^ R , R 3 = l , 5 ( R | + R 2 + R3)(10)
a (I) va (2) suy ra: a = Ry, + R 0 2
_ Dien trd cua hai day d a i v d nhiet dp t: R, = Ro,(l + a,t); R2 = Ro2(I+ a j t ) . (p2 = l , 2 . 1 0 ~ ^ Q m ; a 2 = 6 . 1 0 " - ' ' K ' ' ) cung tiet dien, mac noi tiep. T i m t i so
(vdi a|t, a2t « 1) chieu dai hai thanh de dien trd cua mach khong phu thupc nhiet dp.
_ Gpi Ro la dien trd chung cua hai day dan d 0"C; a la he so nhiet dien ir*^
B a i giai
chung cua hai day dan. D i e n trd chung ciia hai day dan d nhiet dp t Ijk:
E^ien trd ciia thanh than va thanh silt d nhiet dp t: * ' '
R = Ro(|+at) (1)
^ i = Ro,(l + a , t ) ; R2 = Ro2(l + " 2 0
a) Khi mdc noi tiep: R = R, + R2 = Roi(l + a,t) + RQJCI + a2t)
^ h i hai thanh ma'c noi tiep thi dien trd tifdng diTdng cua hai thanh la:
=> R = (Ro, + R02) + (Roia, + Ro2a2)t
^ = Ri + R2 = (Roi + R02) + (Roia, + Ro2a2)t
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B6i diSng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Kh :,:„ viet
- De R khong phu thuoc vao nhiet do thi: ( R o i a , + Ro2a2) =0 => RoiCti = - Ro2a2
Bai giai
1
Vi 3.4 = 2.6 => Mach cau can
D
6 U
b^ng nen diem M chap diem N .
Pjttj 1 A-5 A O 1 A-3
4.10"\0,8.10 400 44
Ivlach dien du'dc ve lai nhUsau:
Vay: De dien trd cua mach khong phu thuoc vao nhiet do thi ti so chieu dai
D B
dien trd it nhaft va each m^c de c6 dien trd tu'dng diTdng hhng 7,5Q. -CZH
Bai giai 12Q
- De CO dien trd 7,5Q phai mac song 1 [_
song vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd X •— P
, 1 1 1 1.2
X = 20Q X 3.6
ma: — + — = —
X 12 7,5
Ta c6: RAC = = 2Q.
i2Q l-f2 = 3 " ' ^ ^ = 3 + 6
- De CO dien trd 20Q phai mac noi tiep
vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd Y ma: «— RAM - T" + 2 — —Q ; RMB - -—7 - •
3 3 2+4 3
Y + 12 = 20=^ Y = 8Q -CD—C3- RAP = 2 + 2 = 4Q.
- De CO dien trd 8Q phai mic song song 12Q Y
=> RAM-RPB = RAP-RMB => mach cau can bhng.
vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd Z ma: I2Q Mach dien du'dc ve lai nhu" sau:
R•AM
- +— = -=>Z-24Q _ 12Q
^R,n= ^ A M RAP ^ RMB-RPB
R•MB
Z 12 8 • A
RAM + R A P RMB RpB B
- De CO dien trd 24Q phai mac noi tiep
IA
12Q
, vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd 12Q nffa. 1.2
R•AP RiPB
Vay: So dien trd toi thieu la 5 dien trd va du'dc mac nhiT sau: = 2,4Q.
i2Q - 4 J.2
R ^ _ 4R
R1234 ~ y R A N B = ^ A K I 5 = 7+>' + 7 = 2r
B
Bai giai
Gia suf dong dien vao nut 1 va ra niit 2: (5)
- D i e n t r d ti/dng du'dng cua doan A B : RAB = - •
_ Khi giffa cac cap niit 3 va 4, 3 va 5, 4 va 5
•j ( j )
- D i e n trcf ti/'dng du'dng cua doan BC: RBC = — • c6 dien trd r thi cu'dng do dong dien van
6
khdng qua cac dien t r d nay v i cau can . (V
- D i e n trd tu'dng du'dng cija loan mach: R , =— +— +- - —. bkng. M a c h d i e n dU'dc ve l a i nhu" sau:
AC 3 6 3 6 - Dien trd tuTdng diTdng cua toan mach:
(1) (2)
5 . 1 8 . Cho mach dien nhiT hinh, day c6 tie't dien deu,
dien trd cua doan day c6 chieu dai bang ban kinh R ~ r 2r 2r 2r ~ 2r " 5"
vong tron la r. D o n g d i e n di vao d tam mot vong 2r
- Neu mach c6 N nUt thi: R =^
tron va d i ra cl tam mot vong tron khac. Tinh dien N
trd ciia mach. 5.20. Cho mach dien nhii hinh Ri Ri R.
3 p O A N M A C H N O I T I E P , SONG SONG
^ 8R + R^ = 3 , 2 + 8,4R=>R^ - 0 , 4 R - 3 , 2 = 0
gj3. Cuon day dong ( p = l,75.10"'*Qm ) c6 n = 1000 vong, diTdng kinh m 5 i vong
= > R = 2 Q ; R ' = - | Q (loai).
1^ d = 6cm. M a t dp dong dien cho phep qua cuon day i = 2 A / m m l T i m hieu
Vay: D i e n trd ti/dng diTdng cua mach la R = 2Q. dien the Idn nha't C O the dat vao cuon day.
cac dien trd r nhiThinh ve. CU'dng dp dong dien cho phep qua cuon day: I = iS = 2.10^7lr^. '
Phai mac them vao C D 2. ' J- J* „ ^ nnd nrtd
Dien trd cua cuon day dong: R = p — = p =:p . ^ "
dien t r d R bao nhieu de S S Tir"
tI
=> U,„ax = 2.10^1,75.10'. 1000.71.0,06 « 6,6 V .
B a i giai Vay: H i e u dien the Idn nhat c6 the dat vao cuon day la U„,ax « 6,6 V .
- D o mach dien dai v6 han nen doan mach tif M N trd d i tUdng du'dng vdi ca 5.24. Doan mach g o m 4 doan day cung dp dai, ciing l a m bang mot cha't, dien
doan mach A B . tich tiet dien: S i = I m m ^ S 2 = 2 m m ^ S3 = 3mm^; S 4 = 4 m m l Bo'n doan day
- G o i R la dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach:
mac no'i tiep vao nguon U = lOOV.
(2r + R)r 2r^ + Rr
I 1^
R = Tinh hieu dien the tren m o i doan day. '>'
2r + R + r 3r + R B a i giai
<=> R2 + 2 r R - 2 r ^ = 0
5.22. Cho doan mach g o m n dien trd R, = I f i ; R 2 = ; R„ = - Q mac R = R, + R 2 + R3 + R4= p/( —+ — + -1+ -L).
2 n S, S2 S3 S^
I—r
R R, R 2 s s s s
Hieu dien the giffa hai dau doan 1: i'.' * ^
1
n(n + l )
R, R2 u, = iR, = !^ = y "
=>R = B I I S, S2 S3 S4 Sj Sj S3 S4 -
n(n + l ) « '
=.U,= [»« . 4 8 V .
Vay: D i e n trd tu'dng duTdng cua mach la R =
n(n + l )
10"^ 2.10"^ 3.10"^ 4.10"^
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14©: I
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KhanqVigt
Vi S2 = 2 S , = > U 2 = - ^ = — = 2 4 V . (1)
u«.*u.. R,+R2 10
2 2 U
+ [RintR2]:R„ = Ri + R 2 = — .
n
12
Hieu dien the'giiJa hai dau doan 3: (2)
r => R, +R, = =5
' 2 2,4
(3)
(4)
^s s s <? Thay (2) vao (1) ta du-dc: R,R2 = 1,2.5 = 6
^2 TiT ( 2 ) suy ra: R2 = 5 - R,
R , =3Q R 2 =2Q
Hieu dien the giffa hai dau doan 4: o R f -(4)5 Rvao
Thay 6 =ta0:diTdc: R|.(5 - Ri) = 6
, + (3)
=2Q' -3a
U4 = IR4= = ^ = 12 V . R, R2
R, = 15kQ thi V chi U , = 70V. Khi m^c noi tiep V vdi R2 tM V chi U2 = 20V. Tim cu'dng do dong dien qua tifng dien trd. R3
20
Cirdng do dong dien qua dien trd R,: I, = = — = 1,25A.
Rj 12 ,
Vay: Gia trj cua R2 \h R2 = 7 0 k Q . '
5.26. Hai dien tret R,, R2 mic vao hieu dien the U = 12V. Lan dau Rj, R2 'H'^' Cirdng do dong dien qua dien trd R 2 , R 3 : l 2 = I j = ^ ^ = — = 0.75A. .
song song, dong dien mach chinh Is = lOA. Lan sau Ri, R2 m^c noi tiep, doHr R23 20
dien trong mach !„ = 2,4A. Tim Ri, R2. Vay: CiTdng do dong dien qua cac dien trd la Ii = 1,25A; I2 = I3 = 0,75A.
Bai giai 5-28. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve. Biet UMN = 18V, -CD-ciTdng do d6ng dien qua R2 la
Dien trd tUdng dUdng cua doan mach khi: I2 = 2A. Tim:
R2
N
Ri ne'u R2 = 6n, R 3 = 3n. ^ ' ^ I
RsneuR, = 3 Q , R 2 = l a M R3
b) Ta c6:
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R j : U2 = I2R2 = 2.1 = 2V. Rj+Ry 3000 + 6000
5.29. Hai dien trd R, = 2000Q, R2 = 3000Q m^c nor tiep vdi nguon U = I8OV =>I, = - ^ 2 _ l = _ l _ i = o,4I<l (1) h
R,+R2 6+4 • ^ ^ ' '
(khong do'i). V o n ke V mile song:song vdi R i , chi 60V. T i m so chr cua von 1^^
VU2 = I _ I , = 0,61 < 1,2 , (2) i ^ ^ ^ ^
do khi mac song song v d i R2. ^ ^
B a i giai ^Tni)va(2)suyra: ^^2,5A ^
- K h i von ke mdc song song vdi R i : ll<2A
• Bp hai dien trd m^c song song chiu dffdc cffdng dp ddng dien t o i da 1^
+ Cffdng dp dong dien qua R i : Ii = - ^ ^ ^ = - ^ ^ = 0;03A.
R| 2000 V x = 2A.
144
B6i dusng hpc sinh gi6i V^t. ly 11, t?p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khann Vi^t
4- R34 20 , . .
4^
R, 36 R3
I V$y: E)ien trd tffdng dffdng cua mach va cffdng dp dong dien qua cdc dien trd
Dien trd tiTcfng diTPng cua
R34 —
R ^ R •4
R3+R4
R3, R4:
_ 20.30 = 12Q
20 + 30
'2 R,
R4
I i a R A B = 3 0 Q ; I , = 0 , 4 A , l 2 = 0,25A,l3 = l4 = 0,15A.
5.33. Cho doan mach nhif hinh ve: R , = R3 = 3Q, R2 = 2Q, R4 = I Q , R5 = 4Q,
. , ,v
-c
5.32. Cho doan mach nhiT hinh ve: Ri = 22,5Q, R2 R , 3 + R24 6+3
Ri Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua doan mach AB: RAB = R 5 + RCB = 4 + 2 = 6Q.
= 12Q,R3 = 5 Q , R 4 = i 5 Q , U A B = 12V. ^
R, R4 Hieu dien the hai dau doan mach AB: UAB = IRAB = 3.6 = 18V.
Tinh dien trd ti/cfng dffcfng cua mach va ci/dng
^) Hieu dien the hai dau moi dien trd
do qua tffng dien trd. ^
Hi$u dien the hai dau R5: U5 = IR5 = 3.4 = 12V.
B a i giai
Hieu dien the hai dau CB: UCB = IRCB = 3.2 = 6V.
Mach dien dffdc ve lai nhi/sau:
Di6n trd tiTdng di/dng cua R3 va R4: Cffdng do dong dien qua R , , R 3 : 1 , = I3 = ^ = ^ = 1A.
R34 = R3 + R 4 = 5 + 15=20fi \ o Rj3 6
Uiif^ 1':""
Dien trd tffdng diTdng cua R2, R3 va R4: Hieu dien the hai dau R , : U , = I j R , = 1.3 = 3V. . ;
Hieu dien the hai dau R3: U3 = I3R3 =1.3 = 3V.
R3 R4
R2 + R34 12 + 20 CffcJng do dong dien qua R2, R4:12 = I4 = — = - = 2A ni^h.
Dien trd tffdng diTdng cua doan mach AB:
RAB = R I + R234 = 22,5 + 7,5 = 30Q ^'eu dien the hai dau R2:U2 = l2R2 = 2.2 = 4V. / ^
^>^u dien the hai dau R 4 : U 4 = l4R4 = 2.1 = 2 V .
147
B6i duang hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KhannViftt
Vay: Hieu dien the' hai dau cac dien trct 1^ CU'dng dp dong dien qua R2:
Ui = 3V; Uz = 4V; U.-, = 3V; = 2V va U., = 12V. .
U4 I, Ri
c) Hieu dien the hai dau cac doan mach A, D; E, D: ^2 R2 20 oe,.A'Xa:..A>,' ,
Hieu dien the hai dau A, D: UAD = UAC + UCD = U5 + U, = 12 + 3 = 15V. '3 R,
Hieu dien the hai dau E, D: UED = UEB + UBD = U4 - U3 = 2 - 3 = -IV. CU'dng dp dong dien qua R,: I4
R,
ve: R| = lOQ, R2 = 6C1, = 20Q.
R4 0,3 (, i 3
R3 = 2Q, R4 = 3Q, R 5 = 4Q.
X4
m 149
B6i dusng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyin PhO P6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
5.37. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve, UAB = 6V. Khi ^ i—i^i _ H i = M.o,3A. J AI3
K md, ampe ke A , chi 1,2A. Khi K dong, A^RT'"^^/ K "~ ^' Ri 12
I.
ampe ke A i va A2 Ian liTcft chi 1,4A; 0,5A. Bo Ciidng do dong dien qua R2:
Ri R,
qua dien trd ampe ke'. U2 _ 2,4
B - = 0,4A.
Tinh R i , R2, R 3 . R2 6
Bai giai HitM dien the' hai dau R 3 :
Khi K md: Mach dien gom R, va R2 mac noi tiep:
UAC = UAB + UBC = 3,6 + 2,4 = 6V.
B D
u
AB => R, + R. = — = 5Q.
I* = Cifcfng do dong dien qua R3:13 = = — = o,6A.
1,2
R^ 10
R, = 5 - R, (1) Cifdng do dong dien qua nguon U i : I = I , + I , = 0,3 + 0,6 = 0,9A.
Khi K dong: Mach dien gom [R, nt (R2 // R 3 ) ] : Ci^cfng do dong dien qua ampe ke': IA = I - I i = 0,9-0,3 = 0,6A.
_ ^3 CiTdng do dong dien qua nguon U2: F = I A +12 = 0,6 + 0,4 = 1 A.
^ - ^ - M = 2,8=.R23 =
^23 R 23 ^23 ^/ 0,5 2,8 5.39. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: R 4 = R2.
_ Neu no'i A, B vdi nguon U = 120V
u AB 30
+ Matkhac: = •^l+^23\-J ~~ tW I3 = 2A, U c D = 30V.
1 RJ+R23 1,4 7
- Neu no'i C, D vdi nguon U' = 120V
Vay: T i so cUdng do dong dien qua hai doan day ban nguyet la 1,318. o 405OR4 = 6 0 7 5 0 = ^ R4 = 15^:2.
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B6i difing hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
30 2 ^
^ 15 + 30 3 : ; • .;j 1 t ; • f '
# \). Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ' ^ = ^ - ^ ^ = — . i , ;
R^B • R
- H i e u dien the hai dau R4: U4 = I4R4 = | . 1 5 = lOV. '• - ' -m*^
+ H i e u dien the hai dau A , C: U A C = I R A C = — . — = 2 4 V .
Vay: Gia tri d i e n trcf R4 va hieu dien the hai dau R4 la R4 = 15Q va 1)4= j o v R 3
5.42. Cho mach d i e n nhu" hinh ve, UAB = Vay: K h i mac vao A , C von ke chi 24V. ' ''
D 543. Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve. V o n ke
; . 132V, von ke V m^c vao A , D chi ^
44V. H o i so chi v o n ke do k h i mac ' (dien trd Rv); mac vao A - C chi 24V; ^ ^
R R R R
. vao A , C. fnic vao A - B chi 12V, m^c vao B - C chi A B C
66R
o 44 = ^ <o 44R + 44Rv = 66Rv => Rv = 2R. = . £ A B _ RV(RI+R2)
R + Ry U^3 R.Rj+RyCRj+R^)
- K h i mac von ke v^o A , C: ^ R ^ R R R
von ke mac vao B , C:
+ D i e n trd tu'dng diTdng ciia doan R,R
E>ien trd tiTdng diTdng cua doan mach A C : RAC = R I +
mach A C :
Rj+Ry
RR, R.2R 2R
RAC — Rv U
R + R„ R + 2R Cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ^ . ' i
^AC . r , ' :
2R IIR
+ D i e n trd tiTdng diTdng doan A B : RAB = RAC + 3 R = — + 3 R = •*• H i e u dien the hai dau B , C: U B C = I R B C
154
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann Vi§t
B6i diflng hoc sinh gidi VSt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu Dong
12 8 U
(3)
^3. 1
CifSng dp dong dien qua R3:13 =
Ry Ry
- Mat khac: U;,^ + U^^^ = ^ K C = 24 => U'^^ = 24 - U;,^ (4)
R + R^ R
12 8 _ Hieu dien the hai dau D, B: Uy = l^(R + R ^ ) = + 1 (1)
- Thay (4) vao (3), ta diTdc: — - = Rw Rw
U:,3 24-U:,3
=^ 288 - 12U;,3 ^8U;,3 => U : , 3 = 14,4V. " - Cu'dng dp dong dien qua R2:12 = '1 _
^CDB ^+^DB
- Hieu dien the hai dau B, C khi khong mac von ke: Ug^ = 24 -14,4 = 9,6V
Vay: Khi khong mac von ke thi U ' A C = 24V, U ' A B = 14,4V va U ' B C = 9,6V. Dien trd' tiTcJng diTdng
, -
cua mach, DB:
r^^
R D B = R v ( R + R vv) i . = _Rvv (vR + Rwl
v)
Ry + R + Rv R + 2R,,
b) G i a t r i R , , R 2 " <
Vay: Gia tri cac dien trd R,, R2 la R2 = 2kQ, R, = 3kQ. '^iJy + U v - 1 - 5 = 0<::>U^_ + Uv. - 6 = 0 = > U v , = 2 V ; U v , = - 3 V (loai)
157
Cty TNHH MTV DVVHKhang Vijt
1 = T1 , + IT v =
r 19 + 9,5 u 19 19 u
600 Ry R.Ry -<=> 600 +- 2R, 300Ry
+ 225
Rl+Ry ' 300+ R,
14
19 . 19 U(300 + R „ ) 19 1 1
- Hieu dien the hai dau E , F: UEF = l2(2R + RA)
600 2Ry 525Ry+67500 2 300 RV 525RY+67500
UEF_0.2.(2R + R ^ )
- Cirdng do dong dien I3: 13 = 19 U
R R (1)
600Ry 525Ry+67500
z:> I , = I2 + I3 = 0,2 +
0,2.(2R+RA)
=0,8
2R + R
^ =3
R>
=1 ¥1
R R - Ng'u von ke' m^c vao R2: TiTdng tiT, ta c6:
R
RTR,
- Hieu dien the hai dau C, D: UCD = I i ( R + R A + REF) + Dien trd tiTdng du'dng toan mach: R = R, + — .
4R^+4RR^+0,8R^ R2+Rv
R-(2R + R A )
<=>UcD = 0,8. R + RA +
3R + R . 3R + R . U
^+ Cirdng do dong dien qua Rj: Ii = —=
R
U ^ ^ ' - ^ ^ ^ ^ A ^ Q ' ^ ^ A ^ I : . ! . Il,-0,S 4R^4RR^+0,8Ri
•I4 =
- C D I
225+R,
R R(3R + R . ) R(3R + R , )
R,R, U 225R,
1,+ Hieu dien the hai dau R2: = I , . — ^ — ^ o U„ =—
6,4R^ + 4 , 8 R R , + 0,8R; ^ „ (8R^+6RR^+R^)
^ ^ = 0,8. ^ R,+ R„ V2 225R^ "225 + R,
R(3R + R A )
300+-
R(3R + R J 225 + R,
3R + R^ R U 19
)=> I = 0,8.(3+1-—) = 3A .225Ry o U„^ 2=- 6 0 0 R r " ' « v = 7 . 1 2 i V .
0,8R(3R + R^) R
XV 3R
^ x+ .R,^ 2 525Ry+67500
Vay: Ampe ke' chi 3A. Vay: So chi von ke'khi m^c v^o hai dau R2 la 7,125V. R,
5.46. Nguon hieu dien the U khong doi, mot von ke hai didn trd Ri = 300ft So'chicua vonke' r-T"!-.
R2 = 225Q m^c vao nguon. E)i$n trd tiTcfng diTdng toan mach: *
a) R, noi tiep R2, von ke m^c vao hai dIu R, chi 9,5V. Tim so chi von ke n^'^ R--M2_+R = 300.225 R2
.R.=^+R.
m^c vao hai dau R2. R1+R2 ^ 300 + 225
b) Ri song song R2, ca hai m^c no'i tie'p vdi von ke. Tim so chi ciia von ke. U
Cwdng dp dong dien qua von ke': I = —=
c) Ri, R2, von ke noi tiep nhau, von ke chi 12V. Tim so chi von ke khi Ri, R 900
von ke' mac song song. + R,
158 159
i d i f i n g hoc sinh gidi V g t j y 11, t a p 1 - N g u y i n Phu B 6 n g " Cty TNHH MTV D W I ! K l i , , , , , , Vie!
Uv=l2R2v=0.9 - ^ ^ = 180
Rj+Ry
U 9975 o6v air
(3) (R,+ R,)R
900 600Ry = 180
Z ^ R\ R,+ R 2 + R v
9975 1 1
- Thay (3) v^o (2), ta duTcJc: Uy = R^ = 16,625V.
R,-+- Ry
600R„ (1)
R,+ Rv 300
Vay: So chi von ke la 16,625V. 1 1 1
-M^.200 <=> (2)
c) So chi von ke khi Ri, R 2 , von ke mac song song R, R2 ^ R2 -+- Ry 200
- Khi [R| nt R2 nt Ry]: 1 1
( R i + R 2 ) R v =360
_ (3)
R,+ R2 -+- Ry
U U
+ Curdng do dong dien qua mach: I = Rj + R j + R v 360
Rj+Rj+Ry 525+ R
1 1 1 1 1
U - La'y(2)-(l),tadirdc:
+ So chi cua von ke: Uy = IRv = -.R,,=12V (4) R2 Ri 200 300 600
525 + R,
1 1
^ R, =
Rj -+- 600
- Khi [Ri // R2 // Ry]: So chi cua von ke la U:
R. 1 1
4275 9975 ) -+ -
+ Tir(3)suyra:U=—+ ' ' Rj 600
2Ry 600 %
]-l 1 1 1
2137,5 R2 - Lay(l)-(3),tadirdc:
R„ = - RJ R,+R2 300 360 1800
U-16,625 -c
Ry R. 1
l|.2137,5 <=>- R,.(Ri+- -)
• + Tir (4) suy ra: -= 12 R , ( R , + R2) 1800 1800 1 1
+
(525 + . . ^ \ l ^ ' i j ( U - 1 6 , 6 2 5 ) Rj 600 ' - Rj 600
U-16,625'
2137,5U R, R R
-= 1 2 » 2 1 3 7 , 5 U = 6300U - 79087,5 =:> U = 19V. ^ ' =77:b-(2 + » 1 8 0 0 = 2R, + ,/.J;„-;i.
525U-6590,625 1800^ 600' '600
)2
Vay: Von ke chi 19V. ^ R , + 1200R, -1080000=^ => R i = 6 0 0 f i
5.47. Hai dien trcl R|, R2, ampe ke va von ke Ian liTcJt mac thanh ba sd do sau. So 1
R,=- • = 300Q.
chi von ke luon la 180V, so chi ampe ke Ian lUdt la 0,6A; 0,9A; 0,5A. Tinh 1 1
Ri, Ra- 600 6.J " • ; •
R. R. R2 ^ ^h- Gia tri cac dien trd la R, = 600 Q va R2 = 300 Q.
C)ay dan CO S = 3,2mm', p = 2,5.10"^nm , c6 d6ng dien I = 4A di qua. Tim
^•^c dien trirdng tac dung len moi electron tiT do trong dSy.
161
Baigiai
50. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve. Dien trd |j
^i^jj = R . Ban dau con chay C tai trung
CiTdng do dien triTdng giffa hai dau day dan: •'ri •
iem M N . Phai thay doi vj tri con chay ,,; '
nhi/ the nao de so chi von ke (V) j?
E = H = H = ! ! S . I P ^ E = ^-^'^-^Q" .0,03125 V/m .
d / / S 3,2.10-' hong thay doi khi tang hieu dien the" }
ho (UAB) len gap doi. Dien trd von ke 'h
Life dien trifclng tac dung len moi electron t\i do:
y v6 ciing Idn.
F = e E = i,6.10'^0,03125==5.10-^' N .
B a i giai
5.49. Cho mach dien nhvl hinh ve: No'i
Khi C d giffa, mach dien diTdc ve lai nhiTsau (hinh ve):
A , B vdi nguon hieu dien the UQ. ^
pien trd tu'dng dffdng doan mach AB:
Tim he thiJc lien he giffa R,, Rj, R3 |
de vdi so' 6 dien trd tiiy y, ta luon c6: Uo R. RcN^^ -
RAB = RMC +
U: U U(R+RCN)
Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
R AB
B a i giai
- Hieu dien the hai dau R 3 : U n = I3R3; Un^i = W R i + R3) Hieu dien the hai dau von k^i
U(R + RC^) RR
CN _
URR CN
Uv =
R. R2-R2J^+RRCN R + RCN
RcN
R 1 _
(1) u u
=k -l Uv =
RMC
3n
R. R RcN + 1
-CD- R
I2R2 ' RR R CN R B
CN HZD-
Mat khac: U„_, = I2R2 = l 3 ( R i + R3) => ^3=^^^:
R U
Ban dau: RCN = — = = 0,4U
2--+1
U„_2 = (I2 + l 3 ) R i + I2R2 2
L R ,=
R l 2 ( R i + R2)
(R+, + I3R1
R 2 ) ( R 4 +* R 3 ) + R I ^ 2
U„..2 = l 2 ( R l + R2) + R , + R3
2U
R, + R , Khi U tang gap doi, Uv khong doi nen: Uy = = 0,4U
R R CN
U„.2 (Rr^R7)(Ri+R3)+RiI^2 =
_k
R
1 +1
-+ 1 +- I^CN R
R, R,+ R3
u n-l R^CRi+Ra)
k-i (k-ir % - 5 - = x =^ x - - + l=5 o x ' - 4 x - l = 0 ,
R1 _ 1 R CN
= k-l-- = (k-l)- (2)
R. 1
1+ R
k-1 =^ X = 4,236 = RCN =p,236R = ( V 5 - 2 ) R
R
R, k
-r. Lay (1) chia (2) ta difdc: — - — ^^y: Bi so chi v6n ke khong thay doi khi tSng UAB len gap doi thi con chay
R3 " k - 1
!!!!iiii.tn:yaiR^^=iS-m..
II R, R7 k
V a y : D e ' ^ = l c . h , ^ = l c - . v . ^ = —
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B6i duBng hpc sinh gi6i Vji ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguyen Phil D6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DWH KhanoViSt
5.51. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ben. Ba
_ U(R^+3RRV+R^) RRy(R+2Ry) _ URy(R + 2Ry)
dien trci R giong nhau, hai von ke' = IRr^p = (1)
R(R2+4RRy+3R^)R2+3RRy+R2 R2+4RRy+3R2
CO C l i n g dien trd Rv, mot tu dien
phang C CO cAc ban hinh chi? nhat; URv(R+2Rv)
dien trd cac day noi khong dang l2 =
RCE R^+4RRv+3R RRy
V R+
ke. Ngirc(i ta dat vao hai diem A, B R+R,
mot hieu dien the' mot chieu UAB =
URV(R+2RV) R+R, URv(R+Rv)
150V khi d6 von ke V2 chi lOV.
R2+4RRy+3R2 •R(R+2Ry) R(R2+4RR^+3R2 )
a) Tinh dien tich tren moi ban tu ciia
tu dien bie't rang dien dung cua tu Sochi cua von ke (2): v;
la C = 5.10^F. URyCR+Ry) RR U.Ri
IT =I R =- V
b) Dat mot khoi dien moi dong cha't hinh hop chff nhat c6 dieh tich ddy b^ng i. ^2 ' ""'^ R(R2 +4RR^ +3R2 ) • R + R V " R ^ 4 R R y +3R2
150R,^
dien tich cua ban, c6 chieu cao bang — khoang each gii?a hai ban, ap sat vao o 10 = C:>R^+4RRy+3R?, = 15R?, o iR+2R^f = 16R?,
R^+4RRy+3R^
mot trong hai ban nhiT hinh ben. Hoi dien tich tren moi ban tSng gap may Ian, o R+2Rv = 4Ry R = 2Rv. '.1 1
biet r i n g h^ng so dien moi 8 = 2.
- TirCDsuyra: i^O-R^-^Ry ^^qy
Bai giai JO'
a) Dien tich tren moi ban tu ciia tu dien
- Bien tich cua tu dien: Q = CU = 5.10'^.40 = 2.10~^C.
- Dien trd tiTcfng du'dng cua mach DE:
b) Sir thay ddi dien tich tren moi ban cua tu dien C, - L
R - -r C,
- Tu diTcfc xem gom 3 tu C,, C2, C3 diTdc ghep nhiT sau: C, T-
1
- Dien dung cua tu itic chi/a diTa dien moi vao:
RR,
- Dien trd ti/dng di/cfng cua mach CE: RCE = R +
R+R V eS eS
=>C,=
RR, 9.10^4nd 9.10\47id 9 10^4^- 9.10^47td 9.10^47cd
Rv(R+ -)
R + Ry _ RyRCR + 2Ry2 2
- Dien trd tiTdng dxidng cua mach CP: RCF = •S
RRv R2+3RRV+^^ e ~- _
R„ + R + -R+R,
^ C2 = 2 2S 2
= 2CQ ; C 3 = = — ijl,;;;
9.10^4^^ 9.10^4;:d
- Dien trd ti/cfng di/dng mach AB: 9.10^47td 2
RRy(R + 2Ry) _ R(R^ + 4 R R v + 3 R ^ )
RAB = R + ^'en dung ti/dng du'dng cua bo tu: C = - ^ £ 2 _ + C , = = Ir
R^+3RRv+Rv R^+3RRv+Rv C,+C, 3 Co+2C„ 2 6 °
U(R^+3RRy+R^) 7
- Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach: I = Q = CoU;Q' = CU = ^
Q 6
R(R2+4RRV+3R?.)
- So chi cua von ke ( I ) : , , Dien tich tren moi ban tu dien tang ga'p — Ian.
6
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khana Vi§t
B6i diSng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
• Vie't cac phUdng trinh dong dien tai cac nut: E Ivjo = E1^.
Chmende6: MACH CAU D I E N T R d
• V i e t cac phiTdng trinh djnh luat 6m cho cac doan mach va diTa cac
phu'dng trinh ve V M , V N theo V A , V B .
A . T 6 M T A T K I E N THirc
. Chon V B = 0 (UAB = V A ) . Giai he phiTdng trinh de tim V M , V N theo V A .
I. M a c h cau can bang M
guy ra dong dien qua cac doan mach.
Ri Ro
^. Dung phu'dng phap dong dien: Cac bu'dc thiTc hien nhu" sau:
V
- Dieu kien: —L - - 1 .
R^3. R. _ B
R5
• Vie't cac phu'dng trinh hieu dien the' cho cac doan mach theo cac dien trd.
- He qua: V R4
• V i e t cac phu'dng trinh dinh luat 6m cho cac doan mach va du'a cac
+ U , = U 3 ; U 2 = U4. N phu'dng trinh ve dong dien theo cac dien t r d . i>
• Vie't cac phu'dng trinh dong dien tai cac niit. Suy ra he thiJc giffa cac
+ I , = I2; I3 = I4; I5 = 0.
R2 R4' dien t r d .
• Suy ra d6ng dien qua cac doan mach va dien trd tiTdng du'dng cua doan
I, R, I. R.
+ Ui + U 2 = U 3 + U 4 . + 1, + I 3 = l2 + l4 = l . mach.
I3 R, ' I , R^
2. Vdi much cdu dien trd chiia tu dien: Ta can ket hdp cac cong thiJc ve tu dien nhif
+ M a c h : (R, // R 3 ) nt (R2 // R 4 ) : chap M , N .
da biet, chu y la khong c6 dong dien qua doan mach c6 tu dien mac noi tiep.
R,R
M^^3 . + . ^ 2 ^ 4
+ R = Rn + R24 =
C C A C B A I TAP V E MACH C A U D I E N T R d
R,+R3 R2+R4
1. M A C H C A U D I E N TROf
+ M a c h : (R, nt R2) // ( R 3 nt R 4 ) : bo qua R 5 .
6.1. Hinh ben la sd do cau Uyxtdn de do
^ Rl2-R34 _(Ri+R2MR3+R4)
Rx. A B la day dien trd dong chat hinh
RJ2+R34 Rj+R2+R3+R4
tru cang t h i n g , Ro da biet.
R.
I I . M ^ c h cfiu khong c a n bang: D i e u k i e n : Khi di chuyen con chay, tai vi t r i Ig = 0,
R3 R.
AC = /,, CB = h. T i m Rx.
B a i giai
B. NHONQ C H U t K H I GlAl B A IT A P
Khi \ 0, ta CO mach cau can bang: R ^ R C B = RQRAC
1. TrUdc khi f^idi cdc bdi todn ve mach cdu dien trd can di/a vao dieu k i t "
R R R,.pi=Ro.p^ o Rx./2 = Ro./, =>Rx= ^
— = — de k i e m tra xem mach cau c6 can bhng khong. N e u :
R3 R4
R /
- M a c h cau can bang: Ta c6 the bo .qua R 5 hoac chap hai d i e m M va N lai ^Sy: Gia tri cua R , theo /, va U la R^ = —
nhau ta c6 mach tiTdng du^cing: (Ri // R 3 ) nt (R2 // R 4 ) hoac (R, nt R2) // (R?
'••2' Cho mach dien nhiT hinh vS: R, = 4Q,
R 4 ) . DiTa vao djnh luat 6m va cac tinh chat cua doan mach noi tiep, soi^^
^2 = 2Q, R 3 = 8!^, R4 = 4Q, R 5 = 2,4Q, ^
song de giai.
^ = 4Q, R^^ = R^^ = 0 , UAB = 48V
- M a c h cau khong can b^ng: De giai cac bai toan v l mach cau khong can
ta CO the: ("^hong do'i).
+ D u n g phUdng phap chuyen tuT mach tarn giac sang mach hinh sao h"^' ^ ' n i so chi cac ampe k e ' k h i :
ngu'dc l a i , chii y mach dien tUdng difdng va cac cong thiJc bie'n d d i . ^Kmd.
+ D i i n g phufdng phap dien the: Cac bu'dc thiTc hien nhiT sau:
B6i dugng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Klinn,; Vi§t
Cirdng do dong d i e n qua mach chinh: I = - ^ ^ ^ = = 4,8A Hieu dien the hai dau A , C: UAC = IR13
-H'^ t. RAB 10 75 168,75.(6+ R4)
UAC = -.2,25 =
H i e u dien the hai dau A , D : UAD = IRAD = 4 , 8 . 2 = 9 , 6 V . 13,5 + 8 , 2 5 R ,
2.25.-'*'''
9,6 6 + R.
Ci/dng do dong dien qua R 5 : 1 5 = = 2,4A.
R ACD
I iilV \
Cirdng dp dpng d i e n qua R,: I , = — ^
H i e u dien the hai dau A , C : U A C = I5R246 = 2 , 4 . 1 , 6 = 3 , 8 4 V . R,
R, 4 '^KhiR, = 2Q:
=> a m p e k e ( 2 ) c h i 1 2 A .
Tac5:I, = | ^ ^ ^ = , 5 A ; l 2 = ^ ^ = .OA.
U AB 48 8 , 2 5 . 2 + 13,5 8,25.2+13,5
_
- Cifdng do dong dien qua R2:l2 = = 8A.
R2+R4 2 + 4 "Tai C: I , = I2 + => IcD = I i -12 = 15 - 1 0 = 5 A .
^^y: K h i R 4 = 2 Q thi ICD = 5 A .
169
B6i dU8ng hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguyin Phu B6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DVyHJ<hang Vigt
Ta co:
1 1 1
» 150( - ) = 120( 12
5000 • R AC 4000 30000 - R AC + UcD= 1 0 - — — . R 4 = 1 o I2R4 = 9 . ( R 4 + 3 ) R^=9i^.
3+R^
120
o 0,03+—=0,03 + « 1,25.(30000-R^C) = RAC 12
^> R^AC_ 3 0 0 0 0 - R AC + UcD=10- -.R. = - 1 .
3 + R.
_ 50000 R A C _ AC _ 50000 ^ 5
o 2,25R^c = 3 7 5 0 0 => R^r
A C "=
R AB AB 3.30000 9
m 1 2 R 4 = l l . ( R 4 + 3 ) =^ R , = 33f^.
V a y : D e so chi cua cac von ke' khong thay ddi k h i K dong hoac m d , C phai d iHr ' I ' M , ' '
DlalV.TimR4.
a) K h i K m d :
Bai giai
® R
b) K h i K dong: .1:1
o I K R = I 3 R A + I 4 R A = > R A = TTT = ¥ = •
Ta c6: UCD = UCB + UBD = Uj - U 4
I3+I4 6
u 12
Vay: D i e n trd cua ampe ke la R A = 1 A.
H i e u dien the' hai dau Ry. U3 = -.R, = .5 = l O V . ^ a c l b
1 + 5
Cho mach dien nhi/ hinh ve: U A B = 12V, R , = 5Q, R2 = 25Q, R 3 = 2 0 0 ,
U 12 ra't I d n . K h i hai d i e n trd r noi tiep, von k e c h i U , , k h i chiing song song von
H i ^ u d i ? n the hai dau R 4 : U 4 = -.R. =
R2+R4 3 + R. kS"chiU2 = 3U,.
6i doSng hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Mguyen Phij Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
0
b) Tinh so chi V khi nhanh D B chi c6 ^ R2 Ivlat khac: UCD = UCA + U A D = - U A C + UAD = 0 = > UAC = U A D
B
mot dien trd r. <:i> I I R A C = I3RAD (2)
c) V o n ke dang chi U i (hai r noi tiep). R3 R R (
L a y ( 2 ) c h i a ( l ) t a diTdc: = : mach cau can bang.
De V chi 0 : D ^CB ^DB
- Ta chuyen cho mot dien t r d , do la dien trd nao va chuyen di dau? <=> RAC-RDB — RAD-RCB
- Hoac ddi cho hai dien t r d . D o la cac dien trd nao? V d i : R i = 5 Q , R2 = 2 5 Q , R3 = 2 0 Q , r = 2 0 Q :
B a i giai o R2R3 = 2 5 . 2 0 = 5 0 0 ; R|.r = 5 . 2 0 =100.
H i e u dien the hai dau C , D : UCD = UCB + U B D = U 2 - U D B V a y : D e mach cau cSn bang, ta chuyen r no'i tiep R i , luc do:
U 12 \1_
C i r d n g d o d o n g d i e n q u a R,: I i = = 0,4A. RAC = R i + r = 2 5 Q va RAC-T = 2 5 . 2 0 = - 5 0 0 . ''
Rj+ K2 J+ ZJ 30 6.8. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh v e :
H i e u dien the hai dau R2: U2 = I1R2 = 0 , 4 . 2 5 = lOV. UAB = 3 3 V , R , = 2 1 Q , R2 = 4 2 Q ,
U 12 R3 = R 4 = Re = 2 0 Q , R 5 = 3 0 Q ,
Cirdng do d6ng dien qua R3:13 = ^— =
R3+R03 DB R7 = 2 0 Q , Rv rat Idn.
400-2r „ , N D
<=> = 3U, (2)
S6' c h i cua v o n k e : U v = U M D = U M C + U C D = U 3 - Ug
40+ r ^
- L a y (2) chia ( i ) . 4 0 Q + 2r 1 0 + r ^ 3 < ^ 4 o o o + 3 8 0 r - 2 r 2 = 3.(4000+20r-2r-) Di0n trd tiTdng diTdng ciia R2, R 4 , Re:
40 + r 100 — 2r ^246 = R2 + R 4 + Re = 42 + 20 + 20 = 82Q
o r ^ + 8 0 r - 2 0 0 0 = 0 : ^ r = 20Q va r = -IOO(Q) < 0: (loai). t B i e n trd tiTdng di/dng cua R,, R3: R13 = R i + R3 = 21 + 20 = 4 1 Q .
V a y : K h i nhanh D B chi c6 mot dien trd r thi so chi V m 4 V . ^^^ng do d6ng di?n qua mach chinh: I = -HAB _ 3 ^ 3 = ^ A .
c) D i e n trd can phai di chuyen de V chi so 0 R AB 142 142
Ta c6: U C D = U C B + U B D = UCB - U D B = 0 => UCB = U D B
174
B6'\g hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
_ U ^ 2079 77
H i e u dien the hai dau A C : UAC = I R A C = = V . -iTcfng dp dong dien qua R2: I2 = A.
142 3 R AND 188.54 376
71
77 _ 231
Cirdng do d6ng d i e n qua l i g u dien the hai dau R 4 : U 4 = I2R45 = : ^ ' 2 = — V . "\
R 13 71.41 71 94
A- o I 231 231
H i e u dien the hai dau R 3 : U 3 = I1R3 = — . 2 0 = — ^. CifcJng do dong dien qua R 4 : 1 4 = ^ - A.
R4 94.20 1880 >?
67 '
U 1353 33
Circfng do dong dien qua R2: h = = — — = — A . uigu dien the' hai dau R 6 : = IR36 = 10 = V . ' ," , .
' 376 376
376 ' 'i;.:>S.'V-:..:
^246 'l-o^ 14z
J. ... „ T 2750 275 , £;! ~ \
33 330 Ci/cfng dp dong dien qua Re: Ifi = —^ = = A.
Rg 376.20 752
H i e u dien the hai dau Rg: U s = I2R6 = -20 = V. ,
• • 142 71 ,4, 1'..,., a r..\
275 231
S^chicuav6nke':Uv = U 3 - U 6 = — - — = — =4,65 V . Ctfdng dp dong dien qua ampe ke: 1^ = le -14 = = 0,243A .
752 1880
71 71 71
V$y: So chi cua ampe ke la 0,243A.
b) So chf ciia ampe ke
6.9. Cho mach d i e n nhU' hinh ve: UAB = 5V,
Thay von ke'bang ampe ke', mach dien dU'dc ve lai nhiT sau:
cic von ke' c6 dien trd gio'ng nhau, V2 A B
Ri
- c z > chi2V.
M B Timso chi V 3 . " '' "
D
D b) Bi^t Ri = 4,8R2. T i n h Rv theo R,, R2.
R2
HZD- Bai giai
N R5 * R6
T a c 6 : I , = l 2 + l 3 ; I5 = l3 + l4
T a i D : I4 + IA = l6 ^ IA = le -14 VA-VC , VC-VB,VC-VD
D i e n trd tU'dng dufcfng cua doan mach A N D : R, R, R,
275 2079 Rj Ry Rj
H i e u dien the hai dau A , D : UAD = IRAD = — . 1 5 , 1 2 = .
376- 188
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
Ma Ri // R; < ^ U , = u ;
^ Rj = R ; = 9 f i = * R 2 =30-9 = 2 ] Q .
Tir (1) suy ra: UAB - U 2 = U2 + U2 - VD ^ V p = S U j - UAB = 1 V pien trd Mdng dUdng cua toan mach:
1 1 1 5 1 1 4
(4) _ R,R; , R2R2 , 9.9 ^ 6.21 ^55^
Tijr (3) suy ra: — + — = +^— <=> Ry R2 R.
R2 1
^"^'^ R,+R; R2+R2 9+9 6+21 6 .
Thay R2 = — vao (4) ta diTdc: CiTdng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
4,8 R, Rj Ri Rj
AB _ 12,32 1,344
=>Rv= 1,25.4,8R2 = 6R2 1= .6 = 1,344A = I , + l 2 =^ I , = I2 = = 0,672A
AB 55 2 . f.;iii
b) K d6ng, tim vi tri con chay D de: '+ N6'u ampe ke A2 va A 3 chi ciing gia trj: I2 = I3
- Ampe ke' A 3 chi 0. U , = IjRj = 91
^1
Taco: [^9I,=R;I2 ^ 1 . = ^
- Hai trong ba ampe ke chi cilng gid tri. Tinh gia trj nay. U2=I2R;
Bai giai
a) So chl cac ampe ke': Khi K md, ampe ke A 3 chi so 0.
K2
Cirdng do dong dien qua Ai: I , =
U AB _ 12,32 ^ 308 = 0,82A.
RJ+RJ 9+6 ~ 375
Matkhac: I , = I 2 + I 3 = 21^ = | f =^ =
12,32 154 K2 3
Ci/dng do d6ng dien qua A2: = = 0,41A.
30 R 375 R;I. I ,2R ;
I , = I , + l 3 = I , + l2 = - i ^ «
vay: So chi cua ampe ke Aj la 0,82A, cua ampe ke A2 la 0,41 A, cua ampe 9 3 ^ 9
A 3 la 0. R; 30-R:
O —!- - 1 +1 o R; = 9 9 - 3 R ; R; = 2 4 , 7 5 ^ ^ [I T
b) Vi tri con chay D 9 3
- De ampe ke A 3 chi 0: Khi K dong, ampe ke A 3 V$y: De 2 trong 3 ampe ke chi cung gia tri thi con chay
chi so 0: mach Cau can b^ng: Dphai d vj tri sao cho:
Ta c6: R , R 2 = R 2 R i R; = 9D.; R; = 30Q; Rj = 24,75Q.
R,
o R , ( 3 O - R ; ) = R2R'I o 9(3O-R;) = 6R; ^•^1- Cho mach cau nhiT hinh ve. Cac dien trd: R| = 2f2,
o 15R; = 270 => R; = I S a R^=12«. ^2 = 4Q, R3 = IQ; X la mot varistor (dien trd phi
C I4
^"yS'n) CO dong i phu thuoc vao hieu dien the U
Vay: Con chay D phai d vj tri chia R thinh CD
I3J vao hai dau varistor theo bieu thiJc i = k U l
haidi^ntrd R; = 18Q;R2 = 12Q. A_
(A3)
- De hai trong ba ampe ke' chi ciing gia trj I5
178 179
Bfli d i a n g UQC sinh gidi Vat ly 1 1 , t$p 1 - Nguyjn Phu Pflng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
a) Ve diTcJng dac triTng von - ampe U = f(i) cua varistor. Goi R = — la dien trd tu, R2R3
thcJi cua varistor. Co the noi gi ve dien trd nay khi i bien thien tifO den +00 . kR, kR^Rj
b) Biet k = 0,25AA^l NgiTdi ta dieu chinh hieu dien the U,, = UAD de cau c;!,, R
bhng. Tinh cong suat P tieu thu tren varistor. Tinh cac dong i , , va hieu die,,
_ Ri(Ri+R;) _ R,
the Uo. Cirdng dp dong dien qua Ri: Ij =
R1+R2 kR2R3(Rj+R2) kR^Rj •
c) Ri, R2, R3 va k CO gia tn bat ki. Tinh Uo de cau can bang. Tinh dong I tron„
mach chinh. Thay X bang mot bien trd R, ta c6 cau Uytxtdn. Hay neu sir CiTdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = I i +12
giong nhau va khac nhau giffa cau Uytxtdn va cau nghien ciJu trong bai nay? R, R1 R, R,
=>I =
Bai siai kR^Rj kR^R^ kR2R3 R3
a) Du'dng dac triTng von - ampe U = f(i) cua varistor . ^ ^ Khi thay X bang bie'n trd, ta c6 cau Uytxtdn. Sif giong nhau v^ khac nhau
giifa cau Uytxtdn va cau nghien ciTu trong bai la: *i ..'i.
Ta c6: i = kU^ => U = . , ,
+ Giong: Deu la mach cau dU'dc dieu chinh de mach cau can bang hay
khong can bang.
dj 2Vk' lyfk.^Fi
+ Khac: Cau Uytxtdn: dieu chinh bien trd R c6n hieu dien thS" dat vao hai
Khi i -> 0 thi R -> 00 ; khi i -> co thi R -> 0: dien trd khong phi tuyen. dau doan mach la khong doi; cau nghien ciJu trong bai nay la dieu chinh
b) Tinh cong suat P tieu thu tren varistor, tinh cac dong i i , va hieu dien the U,, Uo. ,„ „
6.12. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve, (D) la
VI mach cau can bing nen: R,.R = R2R3 => R = =— =2^.
R, 2 mot dien ke".
a) R3 = R4 = R; R, = 2R. Dat A
U^n JU 'iJiii '
Cirdng do dong dien qua X: 1, = — ^ = -U^. R, R.
R Vk.R a -= ^—'-;
; b h=- - —^ . Tim he thufc lien
R, R3
R2 E R3 D R4
he giiJa a va b de khong c6 dong
^ Vk.R k.R^ 0,25.2^
dien qua (D) khi dat vao AC mot
Cong suat tieu thu tren varistor: Px = Ri^ = 2.1^ = 2W.
hieu dien the" khong doi.
Hieu dien the hai dau A,D: Uo = i2(R3 + R) = 1.(1 + 2) = 3V.
R
Un 3 R3 = Rfi; cac dien trd khac bat ki. Dat a = Tim
R. R3+R4 R3+R4
Cirdng dp d6ng dien qua Ri: i , = — = = 0,5A .
Rj+R2 2+4 H ihdc lien he giila a, c va d de khong cd dong dien qua (D). ,^
c) Tinh UQ de mach cau can bhng
Baigiai
RjR
Khi mach cau can bkng: R.Rx = R2R3 =>^x = He thijfc lien he giffa a va b de khong c6 dong dien qua (D) ,
" 1 Be' khong CO dong dien qua (D) thi:
Bai giai
Tif (1) va (2) suy ra: I , = -h (3)
a pjgn tich cac tu khi K md, K dong
Mat khac: I4 = I2 + !& = l6(b + 1) (4) j^jii K met, khong c6 dong dien qua cac dien trS n6n: = U^,^ = U .
Vay: He thifc lien he giiJa a, c va d de khong c6 dong dien qua (D) la ^) Bie't hieu dien the gidi han moi tu la 70V. Hoi R ] c6
1 1+c , thay ddi trong khoang gia trj nao?
- = +1. Bai giai
a d Hieu dien the giffa hai ban moi tu theo R ,
2. M A C H C A U D I E N T R d C O T y D I E N
Cufdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — — = —^——.
6.13. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R, = 200, "2 Ri+600 , .
X c, R2
R2 = 30Q, R3 = lOQ, C, = 20^F, C2 =
R3
Taa c6: U A D = U A C + UCD O I R , = U , + U 3 ( I ) ST
3 0 n F , U = 50V. UDB = UDC + UcB o IR2 = -U3 + U2 (2) ; . .
a) Tinh dien tich cac tu khi K md, K dong. R. C2
- Q i + Q2 + Q3 = 0
b) Ban dau K md. Tinh dien lu'dng qua R3 khi < ^ - C J U A C + C2UCB + C3UCD = 0 - U | + U2 + U3 = 0
K dong. + u - ^ U 2 = U,-U3 (3)
182 ft 183
B6i diiSng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn PhCi D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DWH viOt
40X400 - 600) - Nhan xet: CU'dng dp dong dien can do Idn hdn CU'dng dp dong dien qua dien
400 + 600
V i U3 < 0 nen ciTc dU'cfng cua tu C 3 gin v d i D , ciTc a m ciia tu C 3 g^n vdi C. R I R
ke' Ian nghia la thang do du'dc m d rong l +_ i - =(l+n)lanva
Vay: H i e u d i e n the giOfa hai ban cua cac tu dien la 56V, 6 4 V va 8V.
b) G i d i han cua R i
cang Idn thi thang do cang du'dc m d rong.
40(2R,+600) I I . V 6 n ke'
Ta c6: U j = < 70 (6)
R,+600 - Cau tao: G o m dien trd phu R p m^c noi
Rn
40(R,+1200) tiep vdi dien ke G.
< 70 (7)
R,+600 - Cong thiJc: G p i U la hieu dien the can
do. U p la hieu dien the hai dau dien ke •u„
40(R,-600) u
< 70 (8) G, U p la hieu dien the' hai dau dien trd
R,+ 600
phu Rp.
T L r ( 6 ) s u y r a : 4 ( 2 R , + 600) < 7 ( R i + 6 0 0 )
U = u„
=^ R, < 18001:1 (9) R„
g J
T i r ( 7 ) s u y r a : 4(Ri + 1200) < 7 ( R i + 6 0 0 )
Nhan xet: H i e u dien the can do Idn hdn hieu dien the hai d a u d i ^ n ke
R, > 200Q (10) R-
lan nghTa la thang do du'dc m d rong = (1+n) Ian v^
T i r ( 8 ) s u y r a : 4 ( R , - 6 0 0 ) < 7(R,+ 600) - R. R„
^ Rj > -2200i^ (11) ^^ng Idn thi thang do cang diTdc m d rong.
Tir(9),(10),(ll)suyra: 200Q < R, < 1 8 0 0 n . Chu y : K h i thang do cua cac dung cu do du'dc m d rong m Ian thi dp nhay cua
Vay: R i c6 the thay do'i trong khoang tii 2 0 0 Q den 1 8 0 0 Q . dung cu do giam m Ian.
184
B6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 1 1 , t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii Dong Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t
186 187
B6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i Vat Iv )1, lap 1 Nguyen Phu r)6ng_ Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
^) Tinh R;
j(^hi chiTa mac them dien trd S: Gpi n la gia tri moi dp chia tren G, ta c6:
(R + R J . ( S + R J + R S
_ Lay (1) chia cho (2): § ^ ^ = 20,48
U y (1) chia cho (4): 0,3 = ^ ( — ^ ) => X = ° f =5 R + 2R • •
X ^ +± o,3(-i- + ~ ) o (2 + Rg).(8 + Rg) + 8Rg =20,48.(2+ 2Rg)
0,047 Rg 0,047 18,81
o 16+18R +R^ = 40,96 + 40,96R^ o R^-22,96R-24,96 = 0 => R = 24Q
=> kirn dien ke lech 5 dp chia.
d) Cach bien G thanh von ke Vay: Dien trd moi dien ke la Rg = 24 Q . W
De bie'n G thanh von ke, ta mac noi tiep G vdi mot dien trd phu Rp. Liic do: b) Gia trj moi dp chia cua G: Vdi U = 3,2V thi tif (1), ta c6: * * '
T C r U ^ C l + ^ j U =*Rp =:R„( — - 1 ) = 18,81( ! l ) = 981,19n. I = ^ — - = X.n (3), (vdi X la dp lech cua kim dien ke).
' Rg' 8 P Ug 0,01881
R+—^ '
Vay: De bien G thanh von ke phai m^c them dien trd phu Rp = 981,19f^ no' g
tiep vdi G. TA- X R + 2R„ 2 + 2 24
7.3. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve, UAB khong ddi, R = 2Q, hai dien ke' gio'ng nha^' Uy (3) chia cho (1): — = ^ X = 32( ^ ^ ^"^^ ) = 200.
kim cua moi dien ke' lech 32 dp chia. M^c them dien trd S = 8Q song son? 32 . R,.S \8
R + _R_+i S_ 2 + -24 + 8
vdi mot trong hai dien ke', kim dien ke' do chi lech 12,5 dp chia. 6
a) Tinh Rg. f R ^ Vsiy: Dien ke lech 200 d6 chia.
b) U = 3,2V. Tinh gia trj moi dp chia cua G. ^ * ^ (£y~ M6t di^n ke nd'u lin \Mt m^c them sdn si, S2 thi gik tri mSi dp chia tSng Ian
c) Neu mach chi con R va mot dien ke ciing vdi S mac song song dien ke tW Ih ni, n2. Hoi gia tri moi dp chia ciia dien ke' t3ng bao nhieu Ian, neu
chi cua dien ke la bao nhieu? ^^P^ng ca hai sdn:
noi tiep b) M^c song song.
188 189
B6i duang hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV D V y H K h a n n Vi§t
B a i giai Hoi khi sCf dung cac dau B, C thang do tang bao nhieu Ian. ,^ , ;
pign trd dien ke la Rg. Tinh R,, R2. . , ;:
Khi m^c them sdn Si thi gia tri moi do chia tang ni Ian:
B a i glai
, — = 1+-A = n , =i> —^ =n.-1 (1) ! ichi suf dung dau vao la A, dau ra la B thi mach dien duTcJc ve lai nhir sau:
eo sd do nay Rj la sPn nen:
Khi mj(c them sdn S2 thi gia trj moi dp chia tang na Ian: ^
R2+R,
I. h '^2 r ^-^
I R I i = l g 0 - - ^ )
1, ^ — — 11-,
^ = 1+_L = n =>-^ =n,-l (2) B
^ = l . ^ . n .
-ay
a) Mac noi tiep
I„ R,
Khi m^c si noi tiep sj thi gia tri moi dp chia tang:
=>Ri+R2+Rg =n,R, (1) R.
_L = i+^ = n 3 (3) _ Khi siir dung dau vao la A, dau ra la C thi mach dien di/cJc ve lai nhiTsau:
Theo sd do nay R2 la sdn nen:
Lay (5) c h i a ( l ) :
Rg _ (n^-m^-l) ; =>R,+R2+R =n2R2 (2)
Sj+Sj n,+ n2-2
a) Khi dung dau vao la B, dau ra la C, ta c6: I2 Ig
(n,-l)(n,-l) n,+n,-2+n,n,-n,-n,+l n,n2-l
; Tir(3)suyra:n, = 1 + ' ' ^ ^ ==> n , = ' \ ^ =-^"^ Theo sd do nay [R, nt R2] la sdn nen:
. "i+na-^ n,+n2-2 n,+n2-2 B
R
^ n.Hj —1 ,A-
Vay Khi hai sdn m^c noi tiep, gia trj moi dp chia tang len = ^ ^^ - 'an.
J ^ R. R2
b) M^c song song " ' " ' R ^ " " ^ = > R , + R 2 + R g = n 3 ( R , + R2) (3)
L a y ( l ) c 6 n g ( 2 ) : R „ ( — + — ) = n. + n 2 - 2 a, = 1 + n, + nj - 2 = ni + na
8 Si S2 TCr(2),(3)suyra: n2R2 = njCRj+Rj) = n 3 ( ^ ^ + R 2 ) = n j C ^ + D R
Vay: Khi hai scJn m^c song song, gia trj moi dp chia tang len 114 = nj + n: - ' n
Ri B n2 = n 3 ( - i — =
n,+n2
Ri, R2 nhiT hinh ve. Khi sit dung dau A, ^
B thang do (so vdi khi khong c6 dien trd ^ ^ R2 ^^^y: Khi sur dung cac dau B, C thang do tang len = "'"^ Ian.
phu) tang ni Ian. Khi dDng dau A, C ni+"2
15 = ( 1 + - L ) . 0 , 3 2
(1)
10 Neu noi vdi chot (2) thi sdn gom [R2 nt R 3 ] : :„ 1
^ 4 0 + R , + R - 100
oi50 = (l+iili^).0,3 (3) ^ ! ^ = 1 = 49 R , + R2 - 49R3 = - 4 0 (3)
R3
6i doSng hoc sinh giSFVat ly IT, Tap 1 - iviguyen Mnu-pnnr Cty T M H H ' M T V D W H Khang V i ^ t '
b) B i e t dien trd dien ke g = I Q va gia trj m o i do chia khi khong sijr dung dien trci 99Ri - R 2 = 1 R, =0,0105^
Tir(4) va (5) suy ra:
, phulaO,01A. T i m R i , R 2 .
R,-24R2 = - 1 R2 = 0,042n • '• 'in.-
Bai giai
a) Gia trj m o i do chia khi siir dung hai cho't A , C Vay: Gia trj cac d i e n trd R , va R2 la R , = 0 , 0 1 0 5 Q va R2 = 0 , 0 4 2 Q .
& »••--' *— - J ' . ' 5Q). Biet UAB khong d d i . T i m sai so tUPng do'i
R +R2 cua phep do khi coi cu^dng dp qua R tru'dc va sau
Neu sijrdung chot A , B thi: I j = (1+-^ (1)
R, khi mic ampe ke' nhU' nhau.
B a i giai
Neu siir dung chot B , C thi: = (1+-^— (2)
Ri Cirdng dp dong dien qua R khi chu'a mifc ampe ke: I = — . , j , ,^
R
R
Goi n la gia trj m o i dp chia khi sur dung hai chot A , C: ;/.ii!,i:;j;;ia.-;
AI
= 0,0625 = 6,25% . 'iii4 i/i^-i I1 1 k
1 + I 75+5
I3 _ n _ R1+R2 _ R,
"2 _ 1 1 = 0,2A'
>n = 0 , 2 5 .
0,25 R,+ R2 1 1,25 ^^y: Sai so' tiTPng d o i cua phep do la y - = 6,25% .
1+ + 1 +1
R-2 R.
. -^2
Vay: Gid trj m o i do chia khi suf dung hai cho't A , C la 0 , 2 A .
195
9i6i V$t ly 11. t?p 1 - NguySn Phu £)6ng
Cty TIMHH IVITV DWH Khanr, \/ia»
7.10. Do R theo hai each nhif hinh
(1) (2) j^jgu dien the hai dau R2: U2 = IR2 = 0,75.100 = 75V.
ve, so' chi cua cac may do
R Vay: Hieu dien the" hai dau R2 la U2 = 75V.
trong cac triTdng hdp: .B
Gia trj Rv de sai so' tUdng do'i khong qua 1 %
(1) la I , = 2,06A;U| =49,6V.
(2) la l2= 1,49A; U2 = 50V. CiTdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I -
•I .
Tim R , RA, RV- Biet UAB khong ddi. R
.i
B a i giai u 120 120
= 0,8A
49,6 2480 R,R 100.900 60+90
- Trircrnghc}p(l): (1) R.+ 60+
I, R+Rw 2,06 103 ' Rz+Ry 100+900
B a i giai ^'"1 Rx theo RA, RV de hai sai so tren bang nhau, xet khi R A « R V
a) TinhU2
U
'^•a tn dung cua R ,
120
Cirdng do d6ng dien qua mach chinh: 1 = = 0,75A.
R,+R, 60+100 "^•"^^nghclpd): - =
I R„+Rw R,.Rv u R. R^
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi«t
Bfli dugng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
- Neu khong bo qua siT thay doi dien trd cua dung cu theo nhiet dp thi ckn ch^j Bai giai
y den cong thifc: R = Ro(i + a t) khi xdc dinh dien trd cua dung cu. 2 .
QQng suat tda nhiet cua day nikelin: P| = Ril = Rj
- Khi Sit dung cac dung cu chi toa nhiet de dun nong cac vat can chii y: f R1+R2
+ khi cac vat bi dun nong, nhiet lU'dng can cung cap cho vat do la: Q = mc
(m la khoi lU'dng cua vat, c la nhiet dung rieng cua cha't lam vat. At la (jg QQng sua't tda nhiet cua day nicrom: P2 = R2I = Rj •
R1+R2 t'"' -'
tang nhiet dp ciia vat).
+ khi cac vat bi nong chay, nhiet lU'dng can cung cap cho vat la: Q' = Lm (L
la nhiet nong chay cua cha't lam vat). R2. ^ \ 4,7.1Q'\ 2.10"^ _g '
A' ^ ^\ 'i 0,5.10"^ '4,4.10-^1 ~
Pi
- Cong thiJc tinh hieu sua't: H % = —.100%, A ' la cong c6 ich va A la con? s,
A ^
Vdy: Day nicrom se tda nhiet nhieu hdn va nhieu ga'p 8,55 Ian.
loan phan.
8.3. Be'p dien diing vdi nguon U - 220V.
- De giai quyet cac bai toan ve ciTc trj cua cong suat ta thU'dng suf dung he qua
a) Neu ma'c bep vao nguon 1 lOV, cong sua't be'p thay doi bao nhieu Ian?
cua bat dang thiJc Co-si:
b) Muon cong sua't khong giam khi mac vao nguon 1 lOV phai mac lai eupn day
+ Hai so dUdng a, b c6 tich ab = const thi tdng (a+b) = (a+b),„i„ khi a = b.
b^'p dien nhu" the nao?
+ Hai so du"dng a, b c6 tong (a+b) - const thi tich ab = (ab)„,ax khi a == b.
Bai giai ^'^
C . C A C B A I T A P V E CONG V A CONG S U A T CUA DOING DIEIN
a) C6ng sua't be'p thay doi bao nhieu Ian
8.1. Bong den cong suat 60W c6 day toe bang vonfram (he so nhiet dien trcl a =
4,5.10 'dp '). Nhiet dp khi chay sang la 2800°C. Tim cong suat den ngay luc - Khi mac be'p dien vao nguon U = 220V: P = Hi
viTa bat den. Nhiet dp phong la 20°C.
Bai giai - Khi mdc be'p vao ngu6n U, = 1 lOV: R=}S-^^ =^ = 11^ = i
Gpi Ro la dien trd ciia den d 0°C. , ' R P 220^ 4 "
- Dien trd cua den khi chay sang (t|=2800°C) la: R i = R o ( l + a t , ) . ,] VSy: Neu mac be'p vao nguon 1 lOV tW cong sua't cua be'p giam di 4 Ian.
- Dien trd ciia den liic viTa mdi bat d nhiet dp phong (ta = 20°C) la: Cdch mac lai cupn day be'p dien: Muon cong sua't khong doi thi dien trd phai
R2 = R o ( l + U t 2 ) .
gi^mdi41an: R ' = — = - ^ - ^
- Cong suat cua den khi chay sang: P , = — = =60=:>—=60(l+at,) 4 R R
—+ —
; ' ^ ' R, Ro(l+at,) Ro
2 2 ^--i''
- Cong suat cua den liic mdi bat: Pj = ^ay: Phai mac song song hai nijra day dan.
R2 Ro(l+at2)
Ngirdi ta dung nicrom lam mot day be'p dien. Nicrom c6 he so nhiet dien trd
^ p _ 60(1 -fat,) ^ 60(1 +4,5.10-\2800) « = 2.10V, dien trd suat.d 20°C la p = l,l.IO"'^Qm. Day be'p dien c6 tiet
^ l+atj 1+4,5.10-\20 ^'^n S = 0,25mm^ tieu thu mot cong suat P = 600W khi mdc vao nguon U =
Vay: Cong suat cua den luc viTa mdi bat la P2 = 748,6W. '20V va nhiet dp day be'p dien luc nay la 800°C. Tim chieu dai cua day.
8.2. Day nikelin (dien trd sua't p = 4,4.10"^Qm), chieu dai l m , tiet dien 2mnr Bai giai
day nicrom (p = 4,7.10~^Qm), chieu dai 2m, tiet dien 0,5mm^ mac no'i ti'-P ^^•ig sua't tieu thu cua day be'p dien: P = — = =
R / p,(l+aAt)l
vao mot nguon dien. Day nao se tda nhiet nhieu hdn va nhieu gap may Ian
200 201
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Pliu Uuny Cty T N H H M T V D W H Khang vi§t
a) Thdi gian dun va dien nang tieu thu Ui' Vay: Cu'dng dp dong dien qua be'p la I = lOA, dien trd cua be'p la Rt = 11 !^ •
^•8. Cho hai den 120V - 40W va 120V - 60W mac noi tiep vao nguon U = 240V.
Hieu suat cua bep: H = —.100% = —.100% = 80%
^) Tinh dien trd moi den va ciTdng dp dong dien qua hai den. • '
A' p.t
mcAt ^„ mc.At 2.4200.(100-20) ^ Tinh hieu dien the va cong sua't tieu thu moi den. i ,) 0. - ^i
o = 0,8 => t = = = 1400s = 23,3 phut. Nhan xet ve dp sang ciia moi den
Pt 0,8P 0,8.600
840000 Cho biet dieu kien de hai den 120V sang binh thiTdng khi mac noi tiep vao
Dien nSng tieu thu: A = Pt = 600.1400 = 840000J = « 0,23 kWh • nguon 240V la gi?
3600000
Vay: Thdi gian dun va dien nSng tieu thu cua bep la t = 23,3 phut va A = ^'^ ' Bai giai
E)ien trd moi den va ciTdng dp dong dien qua hai den '
203,
B6l duBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt 1^ 11, tjlp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
^ | y : De hai den sang binh thiTdng can mc'ic [R, nt D, nt (D2 // R2)] vdi R, :^
2 200, R2 = 80Q.
Dien trd cua d6n 1: R. = = = 360ft .
Co hai den 120V - 6 0 W 120V - 45W.
' Pdm, 40 8.10-
f i m dien trd va cu'dng dp dong dien djnh miJc moi den.
Cirdng dp ddng dien qua ri: I , = Id„,, + Idmj = ^'^ + ^'^"^^ = 0,875A. ;
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den 2: , = "^"'^ = — = 0,4A .
""^ 16 Hieu dien the hai dau r,: U , = UAB - U^„,^ = 240 - 120 = 120V. ,,
Nhit vay, phai mile (R2 // D2), cu'dng do dong dien qua R2: E)ientrdr,:ri = H.=_120 = 137ft.
1,875
h = Id„, - Id.u2 = - 0,4 = 0,2A ^ R^ = ^ = ^ = 80ft
Cirdng dp ddng dien qua TJ. = I<,„,j -1^^,^ = 0,5 - 0,375 = 0,125A.
. Taco: U - U 2 = 4 0 - 1 6 = 24V
Hi6u dien the hai dau rr. U2 = U^„,^ = 120V. ; ,
NhU vay phai mac (Ri nt Di), hieu dien the hai dau Ri:
U, = U - U 2 - U =24-12=12Vz^R, = i ^ = -i^=20Q
' ^dm 205
_ 120 B a i giai
D i e n t r d rz: = = 777:^7 . :fl :i''<itfr-t i>r<i f'S,,
Ij ~ 0,125
_ ^dm, _ 120" _
pjgn trd cua den 1: R, = - — -144Q.
Cong suat toa nhiet tren day: t ">.; -.fnAI:.'!*
100 .,,„, .;„, <t
^2 ^,2 'f'''^^^'-'- 240^
' " 1 ^ 2 dm 2 _
p i e n trd cua den 2: =
dnii
. C a e h 2 : P , . ^ . = = 120W
dm
i , ^ " i ^ . + Rr ^ 960 + 320 / Ci^dng dp dong dien dinh miJc ciia den 2: 1^,^^^ = ^ = - = 0,83A.
.,,,.•0/, ^ ^dm.
6
Ta thay: P 2 < Pi nen each mac thiJ 2 Icfi hdn. • ^ > •
8.11. M o t chuoi den trang t r i gom 20 bong den 6V - 3W m^c noi tiep vao nguon Ng'u ma'c vao nguon U = 120V thi cUdng dp dong dien qua m o i den la:
dien 120V. Sau do c6 mot bong bi hu". Co the khie'n den sang nhcJ each nao U 120
1= = 0,79A
sau day: Rj+Rj 144 + 7,2
a) Thao bong den hu'ra, nhet gia'y bac vao duoi den de noi mach. Ta thay: I < I<i,„ nen c6 the mac no'i tie'p hai den vao nguon 120V.
b) Noi hai dau day dien cua den bi hu" lai.Sau do, trong each l a m du'tJc chpn do !.13. De mac den vao nguon hieu dien the
sang long cong ciia 19 den con lai so vdi 20 den ban dau Idn hdn hay nlui Idn hdn gia trj ghi tren den, c6 the diing
hdn? Cac den c6 the bi chay (du't tim) d l dang khong? mOt trong hai sd do ben. Sd do nao c6
R a i giai hi^u sua't cao hdn?
Ca hai each a,b deu c6 the sif dung de lam den sang: Bi6't trong hai triTdng hdp den sang binh
- Do'i vdi each a: thirdng.
+ Ne'u dien trd cua gia'y bac nho hdn dien trd den thi dien trd tU'dng du'dn?
B a i giai
cua toan mach giam => cong sua't tang nen do sang tong cong ciia 19 den
Hieu suat cao hdn tiJc la cong sua't hao phi do toa nhidt nhd hdn. j j j , .y^j j
Idn hdn 20 den ban dau => den c6 the bj du't t i m de dang.
Gpi R la dien trd m^c them vao den. Ta c6:
+ N e u dien trd ciia gia'y bac bang dien trd den thi dien t r d tU'dng du'dng ciia
toan mach khong doi => cong suat khong doi nen do sang cac den khong
+ Dien trd ti/dng di/dng cua toan mach trong sd do 1: R, = ^ + —
ddi. • T,,,/'', ,„:,f„^, * ; ,
R 2
+ Ne'u dien t r d ciia gia'y bac Idn hdn dien trd den thi dien t r d tiTdng difdng
2 -v::.
cua toan mach t i n g => cong sua't giam nen do sang tdng cong cua 19 de"
nhd hdn 20 den ban dau. Dien t r d tiTdng du'dng c u a t o a n m a c h t r o n g sd d o 2: R 2 = y + R d
- D d i v d i each b: D i e n trd tU'dng du'dng cua toan mach giam => cong sua't tang
nen dp sang tdng cong ciia 19 den Idn hdn 20 den ban dau nen den c6 the t"!
tha'y: R^>- -=> R2>Ri .'ui.: oad f^-Vi-
diJt t i m de dang. "' " "
8.12. Co the m^c hai den (120V - lOOW) va (6V - 5W) noi tiep vao nguon I '
120V diTdc khong?
206 ^07
"B!!T^ifflng h p t smn giOT v?T ly 11, t!jp I - riguyen pmrPCTn?-
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vig
Dp giam the tren day: AU = RI < 1%U => p - . I < -.10000= 100. Gpi Uala hieu dien the'd hai dau nguon dien sau khi ting: ,
s 100
pll l,7.10'^5000.500 P2=P2 +AP2 O U2I2 =UiIi-l-Rl2 O U2I2 = U j I , + '
s> = 4,25.10'"* m 100 niM'
100 100
S,„in = 4,25.10"* m^ = 4,25 cm\ Taco: Ril = ^ ^^^i u,-^ = U , i + ^
Vay: Tiet dien nho nhat cua day dan la S,„in = 4,25 cm^. ^ 100 2 10 MO ' ' 1 0 0
8.16. TCr nguon U = 6200V, dien nang du'dc truyen tren day den ndi tieu th^' " ^ U = i o u , + ^ = 1 0 U , + ^ (AU = RI, = n U , )
Dien trd cua day dan R = lOQ. Cong suat tai ndi tieu thu P' = 120kW. ^ ' 1 0 ' '10 ' '
Tinh dp giam the' tren day, cong sua't hao phi tren day va hieu sua't tai dief _ (n+100),, _ (n+100) U .
Bie't cong sua't hao phi tren day nho hdn cong sua't ndi tieu thu. '~ 10 10 WT^
Bai giai ^^y- Phai tang hieu dien the ct hai dau nguon dien len ^" ^ '"^^ Ian.
- Cong sua't toan phan cua nguon: P = P' + RI^. e . ]0(n-(-l)
o U I = U ' l + RI^ <=> 62001 = 120000 + 101^
208 209
B6i dLfing hgc sinh gi6i V{it ly 11, Ijp 1 - Nguygn PhO D6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVlMU,.,,,, V,?1
8.18. M o t may bdm dien boat dpng vdi hieu dien the' U = 360V va dong I =: I H i e u suat cua tau dien khi chuyen dpng tren mat phang nghieng:
bcJm niTdc len d6 cao h = 4m qua mot 6'ng c6 tiet dien S = 0,01 m^, m6i „j!^' A =Ap +Ap = }imgS,cosa+mgS,sina
dirpc 80 l i t . '
fxmgSjCosa+mgSjSina _ mgV2(Hcosa+sina)
a) T i n h hieu suaft cua may bPm. Cho g = 10 m/s^
b) Gia stf ma sat l a m tieu hao 16% cong suat cua dpng cP va phan cong sua't h
phi c6n l a i la do hieu ufng Jun-LenxP hay tinh dien trd trong cua dpng co, ' V H2UI2 ^ . 0,8.240.50
. ' H - : : ^';r B a i giai ...^.tj ^2 ~ mg(ncosa+sina) ~ 4800.10(0,01.cos0,03+sin0,03) ~ ^
a) H i e u suat cua may bdm
Vay: V a n toe cua tau dien tren doan du'dng dau la v, = 10 m/s, tren doan
1 2 diTdng sau la V2 = 5 m/s. , • ""-^^f;;' " V"-
- Congco ichcuamaybdmCthirchientrong 1 s): A ' = m g h + -2m v .
8.20. D i e n trd R mac vao hieu dien the U = 160V khong d o i , tieu thu cong suat
V 80 10""* P = 320W.
- = 8 m/s
v d i : m = D V = 10\80.10^ = 80 kg; v = — = = 8 m/s.
St lO-ll a) Tinh R va cu'dng dp dong dien qua R.
4
1 „„„2. b) Thay R bang hai dien trd R,, R j no'i tie'p, R, = lOQ. K h i nay cong suat tieu thu
=> A ' = 80.10.4 + - . 8 0 . 8 = 5 7 6 0 J mii
2 cua R2 la P2 - 480W. T i n h ciTdng dp dong dien qua R2 va gia trj cua R2. B i e t
- D i e n nang tieu thu cua may bdm (trong 1 s): A = U l t = 360.25.1 = 9000J. R2 chju diTPc dong dien khong qua lOA.
- H i e u sua't cua may bdm: H = — . 1 0 0 % = ^ . 1 0 0 % = 64%. c) V d i R i , R2 bat k i , Ian (1) miCc R, noi tiepRz, Ian (2) mic R, song song v d i R2
, A 9000 roi deu mac vao hieu dien the tren.
V a y : H i e u suat cua may bdm la H = 64%. Hoi tru-dng hdp nao cong suat tieu thu cua hai dien t r d Idn hdn va Idn hdn it
b) D i e n trd trong cua dpng cP nha'tbao nhieu Ian? , , ... , .
V i hieu suat cua may bdm la H = 64% = 0,64 nen cong suat hao phi la d m iO-: :m.Hl ;"*i-»,g iXmi^, ' •
Bai giai ;
AP = 0 , 3 6 P ^ AP = 0,16P+rl2 = 0 . 3 6 P = > r = ^ = ^ ^ ^ ^ =2,88Q.
a) Tinh R va cu'dng dp dong dien qua R
25^
Dien trd R : R = H 1 = 1 ^ = =8 08 000 .
V a y : D i e n trd trong cua may bdm la r = 2 , 8 8 Q . 320
8.19. T a u dien khoi li/dng m = 4800kg chay tren mat diTdng nlm ngang, sau^ P 320
l e n doc cd gdc nghieng a = 0,03rad. Cu'dng do dong dien qua R: I = — = = 2A.
B i e t tau chuyen dpng thang deu, tren doan diTdng dau, I , = 25A. Tren doa" U 160
*>) Tinh cirdng dp dong dien qua R2 va gia trj ciia R2 - O
dirdng sau: I 2 = 50A. B i e t he so ma sat |x = 0,01, hieu d i e n the tren du'^nJ
Cirdng dp dong («en qua R,, R j : I = I , = I2 = ^
day U = 240V, hieu suat cua dpng cd H = 0,8; g = 1 Om/sl R1+R2
T i n h van toe v, va Vz cua tau dien tren m o i doan diTdng. jj2
Bai giai C ng sua't tieu thu cua R2: P~ = R , I ^ = R ,
211
B6i diOng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu 06ng Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
22. ^^9'- '^^y dong dien I | - 1,4A di qua thi nong len de'n ti = SS^C,
Cirdng do dong dien qua R2: I j = ^ = =^ 4A .
K|4-K2 1 U+ J U khi CC OO dong I2
l^^hi I2 = 2,8A; t2
t2 = 160"C. Coi nhiet lu"dng
lu"dng toa ra moi tru
trudng xung
quanh ti le thuan vdi dp chenh lech nhiet dp giCTa day va moi tru'dng.
va i ; = ^ = = 12A > lOA : (ioai). ^ ' *
jvlhiet dp moi tru'dng khong doi. Bo qua sii thay doi cua dien trd day theo
3 nhiet dp.
Vay: Cifdng do dong dien qua R2 la h = 4 A va R2 = 30 Q . n m nhiet dp day dan khi c6 dong I3 - 5,6A di qua. •v *
c) TrUdng hdp nao cong sua't tieu thu cua hai dien trd Idn hdn Bai giai
T2 «r
Gpi A la he so' ti le nhiet l U d n g toa ra moi tru'dng xung quanh: •.i-t (
Cong sua't tieu thu Ian 1: Pj = ^
AQ = A.At = A ( t - t o )
Nhiet lUdng toan phan cung cap cho day: Q = Q' + AQ :
Cong sua't tieu thu Ian 2:
p _ U^CR.+R^) ^ ^ (Ri+R;)^ ^ Rf+R^+2RiR^ Rlft = m c ( t i - t o ) + A ( t , - t o ) - ( t i - t o ) ( m c + A) (1)
120V, thdi gian nu-dc soi la t, = 10 phut c6n neu U2 = lOOV thi t2 = 15 phut. Lay (2) chia cho (3): '
Hoi neu dung U3 = 80V thi thdi gian niTdc soi h la bao nhieu? l i = !lZio ^ ^ . I ^ ^ t 3 = 060-20).5,6^ , 2 0 . 5 8 0 » C . ^
Biet rang nhiet liTdng hao phi trong khi dun niTdc ti le vdi thdi gian dun nUdc. ll t3-to 5,6^ t3-20 ' 2,8^
Bai giai Vay: Khi cd dong h chay qua thi nhiet dp cua day dan la tj = 580°C.
Goi A la he so'ti le, nhiet lu-dng hao phi trong thdi gian dun ni/dc la: AQ = A.t. 8.23. Day chi du'dng kinh tie't dien di = 0,5mm dung lam cau chi, chiu diTdc
Nhiet liTdng cung cap cho nUdc trong 3 triTdng hdp la nhiT nhau va b^ng: cu'dng dp I3 < 3A. Coi nhiet lu'dng day chi toa ra moi tru'dng ti le thuan vdi
dien tich xung quanh cua day.Hoi day chi du'dng kinh d2 = 2mm se chiu du'dc
Q' = Q - AQ = ( - A)t, = ( ^ - A)t2 = ( ^ - A)t3
dong dien bao nhieu?
=^ (Uf - AR)tj = (U^ - AR)t2 = (U^ - AR)t3 ^ 6 qua sir mat nhiet do tiep xiic d hai dau day. ' ' "' •' '
Bai giai
Ta c6: (Uf - AR)t, = (U2 - AR)t2 •
Dong dien Idn nha't ma day chiu du'dc i^ng vdi tru'dng h d p khi cd can bSng
o (120^-AR).10 = (100^-AR).15 o 120^ - AR = 15000 -1,5AR nhiet, nhiet dp day chi bang nhiet dp ndng chay cua chi. ; , v-'Vil >
<=> 0,5 AR = 600 => AR = 1200 Gpi AQ la nhiet l i / d n g day chi toa ra moi triTdng xung quanh trong thdi gian
+ TriTcfnghctp 1: p — I i ^ A t = kS',At
- p - ^ =4 p - ^ (5)
R2 =
P2 ^ 2 ndl
«4P^=k;:d,./.At (1) j^g'y (4) chia cho (5):
Ttdf
\}] P-2 /, d df UfP.
1-2 10\25
_ <=> =
+ T r i r d n g h d p 2 : p — l 2 A t = kS2At df '2 d\, d^ 100.220'
'1
(6)
r ^ 4p!l2^=k;td,./.At " (2) 16d^
I? dl d, I, d, ^ 4d,
Tir (3), (6) suy ra: = 64
- Lay(l)chiacho(2): ^ . ^ = - ^ o - i - = ( - ^ / 2
I6d
0,056
I2 d f I2 d^ = 0,014 mm
I2 = I , ( - f / 2 =3.(—/2 =24A.
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Bfii du8ng hpc sinh gi6i V§t ly 11, tap 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khana Vi^t
. n ' . i 'hi.:-'' 1 5 , .
De P khong ddi khi R bien thien quanh Ro thi P phai dat gia tri ciTc t r i : ^ . T 5 M T A T KIEN THirc
I Djnh luat 6 m cho loan mach (mach kin)
E,r
rr
+ SIRU + r') > 27rr'(r + r') - ^ + V R ( r + r') > 4rr'(r + r') J , Mach kin cd ban (gom nguon va di^n trdf thuan): 1
VR 1
E 1
2,T2
r'^U r'U^
=> Pa = F
" 4rr'(r + r') 4r(r + r') (R la dien trd cua mach ngoai; E, r la sua't 1 1.
dien dong va dien i r d trong cua nguon).
Dang thiJc xay ra k h i : - yjRir + r') => R = —
r +r 2. M a c h kin gom nhieu nguon di$n va may thu m a c no'i tiep \di di^n trd
VR
A p dung bang so: thuan:
E.r
IE-IE'
^ ^ i o o » 8 0 0 r = 80^ =>r = r' = 8f2 H
+ 4r.2r ^ R + I r+ Ir' I
(R la dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua mach ngoai; E, r la Nguon dien
va R„ = rr
sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon; E ' , r' la E'.r'
r + r' 8+ «
sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua may thu dien h
+ Cong sua't toa nhiet tren toan bo mach dien:
vdi quy u'dc: nguon khi dong dien d i vao tuf cifc am I
U' 80^
= 600W. May thu
va d i ra tiT ciTc du'dng; may thu khi dong dien d i vao
r'R „ 8.4
r +— " 8+ tir cifc du'dng va di ra tiT ciTc am).
r' + R 8+ 4 3. M a c h kin gom nhieu nguon gio'ng nhau
"V"': .
+ Ne'u n nguon gio'ng nhau m^c no'i tiep thi: Eb = nE; rb = nr.
217
T1 ft i
Bdi duBng hpc sinh gidi vat ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyin Phu B f i n g Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khan
any Vj^'l
II. Djnh lu^t 6 m cho cac loai do^n mach (tong quat) E
Vdi mach k i n g o m cac nguon dien giong nhau mic v d i nhau thi: I = ^ •
1. Doan mach chtfa n g u 6 n di$n noi tiep vofi dien trd ngoai: I = HABI^ R + r,
R +r ^ N e u cac nguon giong nhau m^c noi tiep thi: Eb = nE; rb= nr.
( U A B la hieu dien the tinh theo chieu dong dien; tiT A d e n B )
U - E '
4. N e u cac nguon giong nhau m^c song song thi: Eb = E; rb = — .
n
; 2. Doan mach chtfa may thu di$n va di$n trof ngoai: I = — . I N e u cac nguon giong nhau mac hon hdp d o i xiJng (m day, n nguon/day)
) R + r'
thi: Eb = nE; rb = — . (Eb la sua't dien dong cua bo nguon, rb la dien t r d
' ( U A B la hieu dien the tinh theo chieu dong dien: tir A de'n B ) m
3. Doan mach g^m nhieu ngu6n di^n va may thu di^n mac nO'i ti§p vdi trong cua bo nguon; R la dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua mach ngoai).
di^n trd ngoai: Vdi mach k i n g o m nhieu nguon dien va may thu mac no'i tiep nhau va mac
j _ U A B + ^ E + S E ' EE + EE'
vdi dien trd ngoai thi dung cong thiJc: I = ( E E la tong sua't dien
R + Er + Er'
R + Er + Er'
( U A B la hieu dien the' tinh theo chieu dong dien: tiT A den B ; E E la tong
d6ng cua cac nguon, E r la tong dien trd trong cua cac nguon; E E ' la tong
sua't dien dong cua cac nguon dien, E E ' la tong suat phan dien cua cac
sua't phan d i e n cua cac may thu, E r ' la tong dien trd trong cua cac may thu;
may thu dien; E r la tong dien trd trong cua cac nguon d i e n , E r ' la tong
R la dien trd tiTdng du'dng cua mach ngoai).
dien t r d trong cua cac may thu dien).
Khi dp dun^ dinh luat Om tdn^ qudt can chu y : 1 • » ''
4, Djnh luat Kiec-xop
Chon chieu dong dien trong mach (ne'u de bai chiTa cho), theo chieu ddng
- Dinh luat Kiec-xop 1:
dien xac dinh nguon dien, may thu trong mach.
T o n g d a i so cac cu'dng do dong dien tai m o i nut bang 0.
Neu mach dien ddn gian (gom cac nguon dien, m a y thu mac no'i tiep): dung
EIK = 0 ,
cic cong thii'c dinh luat 6 m cho cac loai doan mach de giai.
- Dinh luat Kiec-xop 2:
N€'u mach dien phiJc tap: thu'dng diing 2 dinh luat Kie'c-xop de g i a i , luc nay
Trong m o i mat mach (mach vong), tong dai so cac sua't d i e n dong bang
c^n chii y xac dinh dung da'u cua I va E theo quy u'dc da neu. ' ' ''
tong dai so cac do giam the.
(^hiiy: ' ff'i'. '
E E k = ElkRk t.::l \.'il M ' '
giai, ne'u tinh ra I < 0 thi can d d i l a i chieu dong dien cho doan mach do.
(Ek mang da'u (+) ne'u do la nguon dien (dong dien di vao tuf ci/c diTc^ng va
Tru'dng hdp c6 n nguon khac nhau mac song song thi ta cd the coi bo nguon
di ra tiT ciTc am) va ngiTcfc l a i ; Ik mang da'u (+) neu do la dong dien di vao
'f^n tu'dng diTdng v d i mot nguon (E, r) v d i :
nut va ngUdc l a i ) . » ; ,
B . N H O N G C H U Y K H I G I A I' B A Ii T A P it:,. ., „i, :V3i 1 1 1 E E, E2 E„
1. Khi dp clunfi dinh luat dm cho toan mach can cMy: m r, r„ r r, r^ r„ '^'•^<"
- Chon c h i e u d o n g d i e n t r o n g mach ( n e u d e b a i chU'a cho), xac dinh n g u o n E
d i e n , m a y t h u t h e o q u y u'dc: n e u d o n g d i e n d i v a o tiT ciTc a m , d i r a t i f ci/c hieu dien the'giij'a hai cifc (+ va - ) cua nguon tu'dng du'dng: U =
diTdng t h i d o l a n g u o n d i e n ; n e u d o n g d i e n d i v a o tu" ciTc dU'cfng, d i r a t t f ci/<^
R r
a m thi do la m a y thu.
^ 1 8 219
B6i clu9ng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn I'lni D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH KhangVie^
U 3^ Bai giai
Dien trd cua den: R = = — = 1,5Q 2) pign trd tU'dng du'dng mach ngoai
P.„.
dm 6 E, r
Ta cd: [ { R 2 nt R J V / R , ] nt R4
D
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den: I = = 1,5A. pjgn trd tU'dng du'dng cua R2 \h Rsia:
R +r 1,5 + 0,5 R, R4
R23 = R2 + R3 = 2 + 4 = 6Q
Hieu d i e n the c u a den: U = I R = 1,5.1,5 = 2,25V. Dien trd tU'dng diTdng cua R23 va R, la:j^j,j,^ ,
B
Cong suat tieu thu ciia den: P = R f = 1,5.1,5^ = 3,375W.
h -CZh
9.2. Von ke m a c v a o nguon (E = 120V, r = 1OQ) chi 119V. Tinh d i e n trd von ke, Rl23 =
R,+R23 2+6
Bai giai
Dien trd tiTdng du'dng cua mach ngoai la: R N = R123 + R4 = 1,5 + 4,4 = 5,9Q.
Gpi Rv la d i e n trd c u a von ke, I la ciTdng do dong d i e n qua m a c h .
b) Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh va U A B
E _ „ rU 10.119
Ta c6: U = IRv = - . R „ => Rv = = 1190Q E 12
Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 2A.
R+r " E-U 120-119 5,9+0,1
Vay: Dien trd c u a von k e la Rv = 11900.
Hieu dien the giffa hai diem A, B la: U A B = IRAB = IR123 = 2.1,5 = 3V.
9.3. Co 18 pin giong n h a u , m o i pin c6 e = 1,5V, ro = 0,2Q diTdc m^c thanh 2 day
c) Cu'dng dp dong dien qua moi nhanh re va U C D "i
song song, m o i d a y 9 pin noi tiep. Dien trd R = 2,1Q m^c v a o hai d a u b o pin
Cirdng dp dong dien qua moi nhanh re:
tren.
r:h ;;
a) Tinh suat d i e n dong va d i e n trd trong tufPng di/dng c u a bo nguon. I.= - ^ = | = l , 5 A ; l 2 = ^ = |=0,5A
Sua't dien dong ciia bp nguon: Eb = ne = 4.1,5 = 6V. Vay: D i e n trd cua von ke la Ry = 2051 Q .
D i e n trd trong cua bp nguon: u>. i~ ~ jis 9.7. Cho mach dien nhu" Wnh ve, moi pin
II CO e = 1,5V, ro = I Q , R = 6Q. T i m
r b = ^ = 1.0,25 = 0 , 5 Q ; . ^ R
cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh.
U N = Eb - fbl = 6 - 0,5.1,2 = 5,4V. 9.8. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, moi nguon
c6: e = 1,5V, ro = I Q , R, = 6Q, R 2 = 12Q,
4=3-
M a t khac: U N = U A B + U 5 U5 = U N - UAB = 5,4 - 4,8 = 0,6V. ^ R, R3
U5 0,6
R3 = 4Q. '-iv^m-
R5 = = 0,5^. T\m cufdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh.
I 1,2
B a i giai ' ' ' ' ^2 rf' *
9 . 6 . M a c h k i n gom nguon dien ( E = 200V; r = 0,5Q) va hai dien trd R, = iOOQ
Sua't dien dong cua bp nguon: Eb = E A M + EMN + E B C ' '' < " "
R 2 = 500Q m^c noi tiep. M o t von ke mac song song R 2 , chi 160V.
=:>Eb = e + e + e = 3e = 3.1,5 = 4,5V n• nmj,
Tinh dien trd cua von ke. t
Dien trd trong cua bp nguon: rb = TAM + TMN + TBC --
B a i giai
G p i Rv la dien trd cua von ke, R N la dien trd cua mach ngoai. =i>rb=|-+|+r„=2ro=2.1=2i^ 1 1 N R3
A H-| M
E . E,r
Ta c 6 : 1 = IRN + Ir = E r 1—
Dien trd mach ngoai: •!>!
R^+r
=>UN = E - I r (1)
R R2 R,+ R2 6+12
' I2
M a t khac: U N = U , + U2 = I.Ri + U2 (2) R2
Tif (1) va (2) suy ra: IR, + U2 = E - Ir
Cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
43 = 0,45A.
E-Uj _ 200-160 8+2
I(R, + r) = E - U2 => I = = 0,398A I —
R,+ r 100 + 0,5 Vay: Cu'dng dp mach chinh la I = 0,45A.
Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve, moi nguon
r
R4
Ma 1 = 1, + l 2 = > I | = I - l 2 = I - —
e = 12V, ro = 2Q, R2 = 3Q, R3 = 6Q, R, = 2R4, R2 Lrl
Rj
Hv rat Idn.
160 Uv 160 R.
:=> I = 0 , 3 9 8 - — = 0,078A va Rv = — = 2051Q. V6n ke chi 2V. T i n h R,, R,.
500 0,078
223
on
B6I duany lioc siiih gioi Vai iy I I, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9
b) Thay von ke bang ampe ke c6 RA = 0. Tim so chi cua ampe ke. 56"chi ampe ke: IA = lo - I i vdi I , = ^ = ^ = 1,8A; IQ = — = 9A.
Bai giai 2
3
a) TinhRi, R 4 ,.... BV
^ I A = 9-1,8 = 7,2A.
Tac6:E. = e = 1 2 V ; r . = ^ = i n ^ I = ^ = ^ Y | y : So' chi cua ampe ke la IA = 7 , 2 A .
2 R^B ^23
9lJ< mach dien nhu" hinh ve: E = 30V,
R2 p R3
2
• ^ i ^ 3 Q , R, = 12Q, R2 = 36Q, R3 = 18Q, B
vdi UAB = 2 V ; R 2 3 - ' ' = = 2 Q = > I = - = 1A D
R2+R3 3 + 6 2
I
2) Tim so chi cua ampe ke va chieu dong
Mat khac: I = — => IRN + I r t = Eb
^jgn qua no. E,r
R.. t,) p6'i cho nguon E va ampe ke (ci/c du'dng cua E noi vdi G).
-CD •jfjm so chi va chieu dong dien qua ampe ke.
Bai giai
va RN = Ri + R23 + R 4 = 3R4 + R23 = 3R4 + 2
a) S6'chi cua ampe ke' va chieu dong dien qua no
^ R, = ^ ^ I L J . ^ 3 Q va R , = 2R4 = 2.3 = 6Q. V) dien trd cua ampe ke RA = 0 nen mach c6 the du'dc ve lai:
3 3
Taco: R
Vay: Gia trj cac dien trd R , = 6 Q ; R 4 = 3 Q .
Di^n trd mach ngoai: R,
b) So ciii cua ampe ke ' - Br»p-[IZHD = G
Vi RA = 0 nen ta c6 the bo R2 va R3. CiTdng do dong dien qua mach:
R2+R3 36+18
12
1= = 1,2A
CiTdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: E,r
R,+ R 4 + r ^ 6 + 3 +1
E 30 10^ ^„ 10,^ 4 0 „
Vay: So chi ampe ke la 1,2A. 1=
= = — A =>UDF = IR23= — . 2 = — V .
9.10. Co 7 nguon dien giong nhau, moi nguon c6 R^+r 24+3 9 " 9 3
2
e = 6V, ro = - Q mac nhiT hinh ve. R , = 3 Q , R. 3.18 27
R,
R2 = 6Q, R3 = 2Q, RA = 0. Tim so chi cua ampe ke. R3 so' chi ampe ke chinh la cu"cJng do dong dien qua R3 nen so chi cua ampe
Bai giai 3- 20
Vi RA = 0 nen nguon giiTa hai diem ke'l^ f ^ A va dong dien c6 chieu tif D den G. , •
R,
m^c ampe ke bi noi tat. va chieu dong dien qua ampe ke' khi doi cho nguon va ampe ke
' ^ i ddi cho nguon E va ampe ke', ta c6 mach dien nhU' sau:
• 3.^
nr '2 f<AH E)ien trd tU'dng du'dng mach ngoai:
Tac6:Eb = ne = 3 . 6 = 1 8 V ; r b = - 2 - = - = 1 = I Q ; E,r
m z H —>• G
lo
^ 3.6 . „ R,+R2 12+36
R„ = R , , R „ . R , , _ a _ ^ = 2 . — =4Q. R2
Ri
^ Cu'dng dp d5ng dien mach chinh: R.
R3 B
Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: 30
r= = lA D
R;^+r 27 + 3
I=_MH_ = J L = 3 , 6 A R,
Ri
r.+Rj, 1+4
225
224
86i dUSng h g c s i n h gidi V j l ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu B6n9 Cty TMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
Rj+Rj 3+6 R| 6
E,r
U 1 2
=>h= = = 0,2A va I3 = I23 - 1 2 = 0,6 •- 0,2 = 0,4A.
8+6 7 Ri Rj 6
Cu'cfng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: So chi cua ampe ke A2 bang tdng I , va I2: Ii + I2 = 0,2 + 0,2 = 0,4A.
24 168 A - E
1= Tim E: Ta c6:1 = E = I(RN + r)
R^+r 24^j 31 R4 Rn+r
R,
vdi: 1 = 1,+l2 + l 3 = 0 , 2 + 0,2 + 0,4 = 0,8A
UA3 = I R . = 1^.^ = ^ V
E,r ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 „ 3
31 7 31
RN R, R2 R, 6 6 3 3 2
^I3=HAB = 576^96^
(1) vaE = 0,8.(1,5+ 5) = 5,2V.
R. 31.6 31
V|y: Suat dien dong cua nguon la E = 5,2V; so chi A2 la 0,4A.
576 75 72 144,
= > UAC = I124.R12 = ^ . 2 ^•14. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: R | = R2
va 1,24 =
R,24
= ^
31.8
=
31- 31
= —
31
V
= R3 = 40Q, R4 = 30Q, r = lOQ, RA = 0. <5>
Ampe ke chi 0,5A. A
E,r^ R4
(2)
Rj 31.6 31 T'inh suat dien dong cua nguon.
R3
^ d i cho nguon va ampe ke. Tim so chi cua ampe ke".
TO (1) vh (2) suy ra: I2 + I3 = =jpA . R2
Bai giai
D
^USt dien dong cua nguon
Vay: S6'chi ampe ke b^ng " ^ A .
^ ' ampe ke" c6 RA = 0 nen mach c6 the duTcJc ve lai nhU sau:
^6' chi cua ampe ke b^ng: I2 + I4 = 0,5A (1)
227
226
B6i dagng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11. tap 1 - Nguyen Phu B6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Kharin Vipt
B a i glai ,
V i R , = R2 => l i = I2 = - r (2)
^ S^chi cua von ke 7;, 7 . ^ ;
Vi rat Idn nen mach diTdc ve l a i nhU' sau: So chi ciia von ke bang UAB >
TCr (1) va (2), ta c6: ^ + 1 ^ = 0,5A (3) E,r
p i e n trd mach ngoai:
L R
M a t khac, ta c6:13 = C, A E, r
R
123 ^ ^ ' ^ ' R,+R2+R3 3+3+3 I—
h ^2
R,R Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
v(3i R123 = R3 + _ R,
R . + R^ 40 + 40 4,8 R4
1= = ],2A
Rfj+r 3+1
R.
=> h =
(4)
60 2 = > U 4 = I R 4 = 1,2.1 = 1,2V R2 ^ R3
U I.R
Tir ( 3 ) va ( 4 ) , ta c6: 14 = 0 , 5 = > I4 = 0 , 4 A .
R. ^
0,4
D o d o : U A B = I4R4 = 0 , 4 . 3 0 = 12V va I = I4 + I3 = 0 , 4 + ^ =0,6A
vdi R23 = R2 + R3 = 3 + 3 = 6 D
R|R,3 3 6 1,2.2
M a t khac: U A B = E - I r = > E = UAB + I - r = 12 + 0,6.10= 18V.
V a y : Suat dien dong cua nguon la E = 18V.
Vay: So'chi cua von k e ' l a : UCB = UCD + UDB = U 3 + U 4 = 1,2 + 1,2 = 2,4V.
b) So chi cua ampe ke I E,r
b)S6'chi cua ampe ke'
K h i do'i cho nguon va ampe k e , mach h-
I4 R4 Khi thay von ke bang ampe ke c6 R A = 0 thi mach du-dc ve l a i nhu" sau:
dien d^dc ve l a i nhU' sau: B,A
So chi cua ampe k e b a n g : I j + I3.
So chi cua ampe ke bhng: I3 + l4- R3
R R
R|2-i • R 4 Dien trd ma ch ngoa i : R N = - ^ ^ ^
D i e n trd mach ngoai: R N = 1-1
Rj23+R4 H, R.
R,R.
^134+^^^2
3.1
vdi R,3, = R, + J ^ i : i i - = 3 + : 3,75n = > RN = = 1Q
vai: R,3 =R , + - M ^ = 4 0 + i ^ = 6 0 ^ . 3,75 + 3 3
R3+R4 3+1
R1+R3 40+40 a
CiTcfng do dong dien qua mach chinh: ' I E,r
So v d i cau a thi R 1 2 3 khong d o i nen dong dien qua mach v a n khong doi: < —
K->n]
Bsc
R3
R4 = 2, I Q , R A = 0, R v rat Idn. T i m so s; r < i yay: So' chi cua ampe ke la 5A; so'chi cua von ke la: UAH = I R N = 5. | ,5 = 7^5v
chi ampe ice, von ke neu: E, r T J) K i . <iong: K h i K , , K2 dong, mach dien du-dc ve lai nhir sau:
a) K , , K2 met. , , •
U K
p j g n trd mach ngoai: ^
b) K , m d , K2 dong. ~ • 1 1 1 1 1 1I 1 1 3
—
2,1-+ 2,1 +2.1
-
_L- = — + — + -
c) K | dong, K2 md. i R2 R , R4 2,i:-..,55?j:
d) K , , K 2 d 6 n g . j ^ R N = 0,7Q ^ R4
b) K | m d , K2 dong: K h i K , md, K2 dong, mach dien du'dc ve lai nhiTsau: Bai giai
So chi cua ampe ke bh ng I4: ^ K| m d , K2 dong: K h i K , m d , K2 dong, mach du-dc ve lai nhiT sau:
E 11,5 115
I4 = I = « 4A
R^+r 2,1+0,8 29 E,r r+R, I
c) K i dong, K2 md: Khi K, dong, K : md, mach dien diTdc ve lai nhi/sau: Tac(5: I , = 2 A = ^ l J u c = I | R , = 2 R , .
I4 = ^BC _ ^^1 _ ^
D i e n trd mach ngoai: RN -
R , + R 134 A R24 2+2 2 D
B
A
^i^clng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I,
vdi R , „ = : R, + Jii:i^
=4,2+-=^^=:5,25a R4
' R,+ R 4 2.1+2.1 E,r^ ' * I i + l4 = 2 R , + ^ = 2,5R, E,r - J - R.
(I)
R2
Ri + R2 = 9 Q B a i giai
(1)
I
- K h i [R, // R2] => R' = ^'^^ El, r, E2, r2 El, r, E2, Tj
^ R , + R2
R R
Ta c6: Is =
F
=^ R' = — - r = — - l = 2 n .
1 5 —CD—
^ Is 0,5 Hinh a Hinhb
R,R ^ h m h a , t a c 6 : I , = - ^ i ^ o 2 , 5 = i ^ : ^ « 2 5 + 2,5r2=18 + E2
r^2 _
= 2 (2)
R,+ R2 r,+ r2+ R l+r2+9
^2,5r2-E2 + 7 = 0 (1)
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Bfli dU9ng hoc sinh gi6i V3t ly 11, t^P 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
E —E 18 ~ E - r 2 = l,5r2
- CJ hinh b, ta c6: I2 = — ^ 0,5 = ^ c ^ 5 + 0,5r2= I 8 - E 2 Vi : f i l l = ^2h
r,+ R I+T2+9
<:>0,5r2 + E 2 - 13 = 0 (2)
(6)
2,5r2-E2+7 = 0
- K e t hdp (1 )va (2), ta diTdc:
0,5r2+E2-'3 = 0 E2 = 12V":.q . =' va r ' i 2 = I,5r2 + r2 = 2,5r2 (7)
Vay: Sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon thiJ hai la E2 = 12V va r 1 1 0,6r2
- = - + L .1/
RAC = 6 n va Rc„ = 4Q. + Dien tich chuyen qua khoa K khi K dong la:
9.25. Cho mach dien nhi/hinh ve: E = 6V, r = 0,5Q, R, = 3Q, R2 = 2Q, R 3 = 0,5Q, AQ = 1-1,4 - 01= l,4nC= 1,4.10^'^ C
C , = C 2 = 0,2^F.
lAQI 1,4.10 -6
+ So electron chuyen qua khoa K la: n = = 8,75.1012
Ban dau K md va trU'dc khi rap vao mach cac tu chi/a tich dien. ^-l9
e 1,6.10"
a) Tinh dien tich moi tu khi K md. E,r R3
Vay: Khi dong khoa K, dien tich moi tu la Q', = 1 , Q'2 = 0,4^iC va so
b) Tinh dien tich moi tu khi dong K va so -1 1 1—1 electron chuyen qua khoa K la 8,75. l O ' l
electron chuyen qua K khi K dong.
c, M c) Dien tich tren tu C 3 ; Khi thay K bang tu C 3 , mach dien du'dc ve lai nhiT sau:
c) Thay K bing tu C, = 0,4^F. Tinh dien tich
II Gia sur sir phan bddien tich nhu'hinh ve:
cua tu C 3 . Xet hai triTdng hdp: E,r R3
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B6i dueng hpc sinh gi6i VSt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phu B6rig_ Cty TNHH MTV DVVIi
9.26. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: RA = R^j = 0, E,r ghi 1,5V - 0,75W. Djnh vi tri con chay C
Rv rat Idn, RMN = 1 2 ^ , Ri = 8Q. Khi C d M, h-
de cac den sang binh thu'dng.
ampe ke A chi 2,5A; khi C d N von ke chi Bai giai
24V. R
a) Tim E, r va so chi ampe ke A| khi C 6 M, N. M Ta c6: Eb = 6e = 6.2 = 12V; rb = ^ = — = 6Q
b) Khi C di chuyen tif M den N, so chi cac may R, 2 2 E,1r 1
Bai giai Mm —
= 0,5A c/^ 'B
u dm 1,5
a) Tim E, r va so chi ampe ke Ai khi C d M, N
- K h i C d M t a b 6 q u a R i : I = 2,5A. ?
E,r
h- ^ntrd moi den: R = = 3Q
—<8Mg
0,75
E , , E y 'i
Ma: 1 = R + r o 2,5 = 12+r I- ^ _ , _ -\^Lt
12-X (vdi x > 0 ) .
R
=> 30 + 2,5r - E = 0 (1)
M
" ^ Ahn sang binh thu'dng nen: I, = 0,5A. E,r (. •
1
'J
- K h i C d N t h i [R//R,]: t'<
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B6i duSng hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11, t$p 1 - IMguySn Phu D6ng oiy ii\inn iviiv uvvH Khang Vi?t
C = Bvon ke chi U, = 2V, khi C tai ^1 Tinh so chi cua von ke va cong suat tieu
trungdiem AB v6nkechiU2 = 3V. i ' (y) thu cua Rx khi K md va khi K dong.
Tim Ko chi
Tim SO von ke
rhi von ke khi
khi C
C =
= A
A .. •MA'h
oiS «-h 1^ A ci b) K dong, cho R, thay doi lii 0 den lOQ, cho bie't so chi von ke" va cong sua't
fs:, . Baigiai tieu thu cua Rx tang hay giam? i, :-.|> >?
ER, Bai giai
- KhiCsB,tac6:1, = U,=I,Rv = = 2V
Ry+R + r Ry+R + r a) S6' chi cua von ke' va cong sua't tieu thu ciia R^ khi K md vS khi K dong
_ Khi K md: [R, nt R2 nt R^]:
Ry+r + R 1 Ry+r R I
— = - o ——+ = - (I) + Dien trd mach ngoai: 'A - ,S >hov,(uUu,v. < '
ER„ 2 E RV„y ER,,
^ . ^ y 2
^v
RN = Ri + R2 + Rx = 1 + 0,8 + 2 = 3,8Q
AR E
- Khi C = — , ta c6: L = E,r + CU'dng do done dien qua mach: I = = = 1,25A
2 ^ Rw+^+r ^ ^ R^ + r 3,8 + 1
© Rv
ER, 4" So' chi ctia von ke' bang UAD: UAD = UAB + UBD
^ U2 = l 2 R y = = 3 vdi: UAB = E - I r = 6 - 1,25.1 =4,75V
1^
Rw+ - + r UBD = = 0 (vi I5 = 0)
R
R = > U A D = 4,75 V
_l_Rv-^r^ R _1
+ Cong suat tieu thu cua Rx: P = Rxl^ = 2.1,25^ = 3,125W. 'M
ER, 3 ERy 2ERy 3
Khi K dong: [(R, nt R2) nt (Rx // (R3 nt R4 nt R5))]
R,(R3+R4+R,)
- KhiCsA,tac6: L = + Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = R I + R2 +
Ry+r R^+R3+R4+R5
1- Rv+r
(3) R.= l + 0 , 8 + ^ ( ' " ' " ' ) = 3 Q
Ry+r U3 ERy 2+1+1+1
1 R 6
CU'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 1,5A.
U3 -+-E.Ry 2 Rj^+r 3+1
- Thay(3)vao(l)va(2),tadirdc:
1 R
UcB=IR345x= 1,5.-^ = 1,8V
U3-+-2E.Ry
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B6i du9ng hgc sinh gi6i V$t 1^ 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khany Viel
=>I, =
u ^2 _ ^21^2 _ 3 ^ _ ^2 Bai giai i
R, R, R, 18
U=3 hr K
Ta ''"O- '--'MN = U M A + UAN = - U A M + U M N
- , U M N = - I | R I +I2R2 = - I l . l +12-4
Ma U M , = 4V 1 + 2 = 4 =^ R^ = 3 ^ .
2R, 1 1
- Thay (2) vao (1), ta diTdc: 1,5 = - 1 , + - I , . 4 - - I ,
M a t k h a c : UAn = E b - I . r b
:^ I i = 4 , 5 A ; l 2 = 1,5A=:>I = I , + I 2 = 6 A
vdi: i = l , + l , = : i ^ + l = A + l=o,5A
18 3 18 3 (1 + 3 ) . ( 4 + 8)
- Mat khac: I =
R^+r R,+ R 3 + R 2 + R 4 1+3+4+8
=:> 4 = 4 , 5 - 0 , 5 r j , r^, = I Q o Sr^ = 1 = .
06 = E = 24V.
3+ 1
V a y : R2 = 3 Q , d i e n trd ciia moi pin la to = ^ f i .
Vay: Sua't dien dong cua nguon la E = 24V.
b) Tinh R4: K h i K dong, ampe ke chi 0, do do mach la mach cau can bang, ttfc la:
^•32. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: Ri = R.i =
R, _ R , R,R2 _ 6.3 20Q, R, = lOQ. K h i R4 = 5,5Q, mac mot
= 3n
R3 R, R, von ke (Ry rat lotn) vao C B , von ke chi
V a y : R4 = 3 f i . 6,75V. K h i R4 = 20Q, mac mot ampe ke
c) So chi ampc k c , von ke khi doi cho nguon va ampe ke: K h i K dong, doi ci ( R A = 0) vao C B , ampe ke chi 0,875A.
bo nguon va ampe ke'cho nhau, ta c6 mach: Tinh cu'dng do dong dien qua mach
<^hinh trong hai truTdng hdp tren.
* % u 6 n du-clc tao nen bdi m day song song, m o i day c6 n acquy giong nhau
•^a'c noi tiep. B i e t suat dien dong va dien trd trong m o i acquy la e = 2 V , fo =
R, ^ R'> R, R2
m, n. E, r
B a i giai — H-
cirdng do dong dien qua mach chinh
I B
R, R4 •""•^"g hdp R 4 = 5,5Q, Ucii = 6,75V.
X R4
D ^c6: UcB = UrM + U M u = U „ +U„
R3 B R4 R3
I,
U,^^ = i ^ R 3 = 2 0 1 , ; U , ^ = I R , = 5,51
Vi nen mach bay g i d cung la mach cau can bang
R2
R3 R4 247
B6i duSng hoc sinh gidi Vgt ly 11. t j p 1 - IMguygn Phu 06ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khar.g Vi?!
X ^ R ^ . - ^ . 7 , 5 Q
c
R, ^ ^ '2 R2 ^ 1 0 + 30
- So chi cua ampe ke: IA = I2 + I3 = 0,875 (2)
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I ' = —
R R 20 20
- Mat khac: I2R2 = Ii(Ri + o IOI2 = I|.(20 + — : )
^ R
" 3 + R" 4 20 + 20 2n
o 1= — o 7,5 + — = 2n (8) :f;J •
n m
o 101, = 301, ^ I , = ^ (3) 7,5 +
3 m
Ta lai c6: I3R3 = I4R4 o 2OI3 = 2OI4
8,75 + 0,5— = 2 n
(4) - Tir(7) va (8), tacohe: m
Taco: U ' +\J' = U ^ . = 16V a) Cifdng dp dong dien qua m o i dien t r d trong cac tru'dng hdp c6n l a i : G p i E, r
(1)
Ian liTpt la sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon
Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich, ta c6: ••• '
- Khi 3 dien trd m^c nd^i tiep:
Ro Ro Rfl
-Q;+Q2 = -Q1+Q2 = - 1 2 + 60 = 4 8 » -C,U;.^ + CjU^.^ = 4 8 B
Ta c6: RAB = 3Ro
o - 2 U c j + 6U;,^ = 4 8 : (2) E E
=> 1 = o 0,2 = I—
3Ro+r 3Ro+r E,r
U' +U' =16 U' =6V
^1
- T i r ( l ) v a ( 2 ) , taco: o 0,6Ro+0,2r = E (1)
U' =lOV RO'
-2V' + 6U' = 48
- Khi 3 dien trd m^c song song:
Ro
=> UMN = UMC + UcN = - U f j + U c N = - 6+ 6= 0. B
T a c o : RAB = I' =
Vay: K h i dong K i trUdc, m d K 2 sau thi U M N = 0. R. Ro
-+r
b) M d K 2 trirdc, dong K| sau: K h i m d K 2 tru^dc, dong K, sau thi mach dien du't*^
ve l a i n h u h i n h b l : ' «^ ^1 3 dien t r d d e u bKng nhau nen dong
- Q ' l + Q 2 = Q 2 = 60 o - C , U ^ j + CjU^^ = 60
^ 0,2Ro+0,6r = E (2)
OCA 25]
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
B6i duBng hoc sinh gidi V j t ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ng
0,8R„
0,6R„+0,2r = E [ E - 0 , 2 r = 0,6Ro J E = 0,8]^ <=> 0,\ 0.1= R ° ^ n = 7
T L r ( l ) va ( 2 ) , ta c 6 :
0,2Ro+0,6r = E [E - 0,6r = 0,2Rp [r = R^ " (^+r)n (—0-+r)n
n n
n ( ^n+ R o ) n
- Cac each mac con lai: y | y : Can 7 dien trd RQ va m^c noi tiep hoac song song nhau.
I Ro Ro 935. Co n acquy (E,r) giong nhau noi vdi dien trd mach ngoai R. Tim dieu kien de
Ro
A,-
^-ciD-c:
Ro
ciTdng do dong dien qua R khi n acquy noi tiep hoac song song deu nhiT nhau.
A,- Ro - C D - B a i giai
j^jii n acquy no'i tiep, ta c6: Eb = nE va rb = nr. ' '
nE
1= (1)
R + r^ R + nr
E,r E,r
Khi n acquy song song, ta c6: Eb = E va rb = - .
Hinh a Hinh b
_ 3Ro n
'AB 2 " 2 = > I ' = RT +r ^
R+ - (2)
b r, = —
0,8Ro = 0,32A n
3R. 3R„ - De dong dien qua R khi n acquy noi tiep hoac song song deu nhiT nhau thi:
-+ r 2 ° I = I ' o nE <=> nR + r = R + nR => R = r.
vai, =I2 = i = ^ =0,16A. R + nr „ r
R+ -
2RnR. -^^=0,48A Vay: De dong dien qua R khi n acquy noi tiep hoac song song deu nhu" nhau
+ Vdi hinh b: RAB = = - R . => I =
" ' " 2 R o + R o ~ 3 ^ ^ ° ' - 2R^ 2R. -+R. thi R = r.
+r 9.36. Co N = 80 nguon giong nhau, moi nguon c6 e = 1,5V, ro = I Q mac thanh x
Vi I2 = 21, va I2 +1] = 0,48 =^ I2 = 0,32A va I, = 0,16A. day song song, moi day y nguon noi tiep. Mach ngoai la dien trd R. Tim x, y
b) Can bao nhieu dien trc! Ro va mac the nao? de cirdng do qua R Idn nha't.
Vi ci/dng do dong dien qua moi dien trd deu bang nhau va b^ng 0,1 A nen chi X6t khi R bang: a) 5Q. b) 6Q.
CO the mac cac dien trd noi tiep hoac song song.
Goi n la so dien trd RQ: Tac6:Eb=:yE=:i,5>;rb=^ = - ( i ) R
- TrUdng hdp mile noi tiep, ta c6: RAB = "Ro X X
-c
0,8Ro xy = N = 80 (2)
o 0,1 = => n = 7 .
nRQ+ r nRQ+ RQ , .,1 n V Cu6ng do dong dien qua dien trd R:
X day
R E (3)
Trirdng hdp mac song song, ta c6: RAB = — => I = R+
n Rr
+r X
Vi CO n dien trd Ro mac song song nSn dong dien qua moi dien trd la: ^T^ay(2)vi.o,-,; ta dtldc: I = - 1 ^ ^ ^ = y nguon
Rx 4 y Rx + y
y = y-nax thi M (Rx + y) dat aic tieu. ''
• 'J'?:,
253
Bi5i diOng hpc sinh gioi Vatjy 11. Ijip 1 - IMguygn Phu"D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi«t
Hinh 1 Hinh 2
80 R
b) Vdi R = 6Q X= = 3,65 &nX'^^S'' Nguon CO sua't dien dpng E va dien trd trong T = —. Cac tu dien c6 dien
y = %^a6 =21,9 dung C ban dau chiTa tich dien. Dien trd cac day no'i va khoa khong dang ke.
•••••
Vi X, y nguyen va xy = 80 nen suy ra x = 4; y = 20. a) Tinh dien liTdng truyen qua doan day MN d cac mach dien cho tren.
Vay: Vdi R = 6Q till bp nguon gom 4 day va moi day c6 20 acquy. b) Tinh nhiet lu'dng toa ra tren dien trd R trong mach (2). ; ,
9.37. Nguon E = 180V, r = 2Q dan dien den ndi tieu thu nhd di/dng day dan dien ; ~ Bai giai
trd R = 4 Q . Ndi tieu thu c6 mot so den 1 lOV - lOOW mac song song. Tim so E,r .E,r
+ l~ A K
den ciTc dai c6 the th^p sang sao cho hieu di$n the hai dau den sai lech
1
khong qua 10% hieu dien the' dinh mtfc. C M M C
Bai giai C
1! B
R 2R 2R
- Ta c6: U^,., = 1 lOV; R^ = = ^ = 12m. 1 1
N N
Fr-i 100 Hinh 1
Goi X la so" den mile song song (x nguyen, dUdng): Hinh 2
aljDien lu'dng truyen qua doan day MN d cac mach dien
R 121 |Vdihinh(l):
- Dien trd cua bo den la: —^ = . V Khi K md: q, = 0, qj = 0 q = 0.
X X E
- 1CUdng .180x Khi K dong: Dong dien qua mach ngoai: I = ,'.>A i\u
= dp dong dien qua mach ngoai:
121 + 2^ 6x+ 121
E E +r 4
A
+ —
180
X X Vdi:RN = R + 2R = 3R;-r= - 1 =
' ~ 7R
- Hieu dien the giCTa hai dau den la: 2 2
U = I- 180x 121 21780 (1) 2F 4F
X 6X+121 x 6x4-121 UAM = IR = ; UMB = I.2R =
—
- De hieu dien the giffa hai dau den sai lech khong qua 10% (10% = 0,1) h'^^' 2EC 4EC
dien the dinh miJcthi: 110-0,1.110 < U < 110 + 0,1.110
=>q, = C U A M = - ^ ; q 2 = c u M B = -—.
o 99 < U < 121 4 (2)
254, 255
B6i du3ng hgc sinh gidi Vjit ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
2FP
3 4
Thay (2) v a c ( D ta diTcfc: - Q ^ M + Q A M = C E ^ = > Q ^ ^ = - C E ^
+ Tong dien tich tren cac ban tu noi vdi d i e m M la: Q'M = - q i + q2 = —
2 DINH L U A T O M C H O C A C L O A I D O A N M A C H
A q , + A q 2 = 2CE Aq, = j C E
9.39. Nguon dien (E, r ) , khi dien trd match ngoai la R i = 2 Q thi ciTcfng dp d6ng
Ta c6: Aq
dign qua R i la I , = 8A. K h i dien trd mach ngoai la R2 = 5 Q thi hieu dien the
Aq, R Aq, = - C E
hai dau nguon la U2 = 25V. T i m E, r.
Bai giai
+ D i e n lU'dng truyen qua M N la: IAq^j^l = l - C E - C E l = - C E .
- Khi R = R, = 2Q, ta c6: I = =— =8A
Rj+r 2+r
Vay: 6 hinh 2, dien liidng truyen qua M N la JAqj^j^j = - j C E va truyen tCr M
:i>E-8r-16 = 0 (1)
denN.
- Khi R = R2 = 5Q, ta c6: UAB = IR2 = ^ ^ R . = — = 25
b) Nhiet lifdng tea ra tren R trong mach (2): Rj+r 5+r
- Ta c6: D i e n li/dng truyen qua nguon la: q ' = 2CE 5E-25r-125 = 0 (2)
=^ Cong cua nguon dien la: A = q'E = 2 C E I
'E-8r-I6 =0 E = 40V
- M a t khac: NSng lu'dng cua hai tu dien la: T t r ( l ) va (2), t a c o :
5E-25r-5 = 0 r = 3n
W = W, + W2 = - C E 2 + - C E ^ = C E ^ , pi ^ Hy: Sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon la E = 4 0 V ; r = 3 Q .
2 2 ' •
- Theo dinh luat bao toan nSng liTdng, ta c6: Q = A - W = 2CE^ - CE^ = CE^ Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve:
E = 170V, r = 5 a R, = 195Q,
Qr + Q A M = Q = C E ' (1)
^2 = R 3 = 200Q, von ke c h i
O r R R 2R 2
- V i r nol tiep R A M nen: ^ = , vdi: r = - va R A M = — — - = - R ' ^ V . T i m dien trd von k e .
^AM ^ K+ZK 3
B a i giai
R
^Pdung dinh luat 6 m cho doan mach chiJa nguon, ta c6: R2
(2) ^ C B = E - I ( R | + r ) = 1 7 0 - 1 ( 1 9 5 + 5) (1)
^AM -R
khac, so chi cua von ke bhng lOOV nen: j
3
U c B = 100 (2)
257
256
uty n
=:>I = 0,35A
CiTcJng do dong dien qua R 2 va R3 la:
'
Ma h= U^n = 1,125.2 +^
2 +6
.2 = 2,7V .
- R2+R4
100 Vay: Dien trd R 4 = 6 Q , hieu dien the giffa A va D la UAD = 2,7V.
I2 = = 0,25A
R2+R3 200 + 200 So chi cua ampe ke ^ Qj, !
- CiTcfng do dong dien qua von ke la: Iv = I - I2 Khi K i , K 2 deu dong, mach dien duTcJc ve lai nhu"sau: *,
«
E, r R4
E = 6,3V, r = 2Q, R, = R 2 = R 3 rdng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
= 2Q, R A = 0, Rv rat Idn. ' ' 6,3 I4
R3
= 1,575A
a) Tim so chi von ke khi K | , K 2 deu md. RN + T 2+2
b) K| md, K 2 dong, von kechi 4,05V. ::> U^3 = E - I r = 6,3-1,575.2 = 3,15V
Tim R 4 va U A D . R,
(6) / _ U 4 _ 3,15
c) Tim so chi ciia ampe ke' khi K | , K 2 R4 4a: U 4 = UAB = 3,15 => L = = 0,525A
- • - R , 6
deu dong. D
Bai giai I3 + I2 + I4 = I =^ I3 + I2 = I -14 = 1,575 - 0,525 = 1,05A.
a) So' chi von ke' khi K|, K 2 deu md Mat khac, vi R , = R 3 nen 1. = L = -1^ = 0,525A .
Khi K|, K 2 deu md, mach ngoai chi gom [R3 nt RJ:
E 6,3 IA = I2 +14 = 0,525 +0,525 = 1,05A. .'i^^^',':,^^ ,
CUdng do dong dien qua mach: I = = 1,05A
R,+R3 + r 2+2+2 Vay: So' chi cua ampe ke la 1,05A.
''•42. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, bo
So chi cua von ke: UAB = E - Ir = 6,3 - 1,05.2 = 4,2V.
R. R. R,
nguon gom 8 pin, moi pin c6 e = 2V,
Vay: So chi von ke'khi K,, K 2 deu md la 4,2V.
To = 1 0 mic thanh 2 day song song
b) Tim R 4 va U A D : Khi K, md, K 2 dong, ta c6: R3 nt [ R i / / ( R 2 nt R 4 ) ] (hmh ve):
moi day 4 pin. Dien trd R , = 24Q,
, Taco: UAB = E - I r
1^2= 12Q, R 3 = 8Q, R4 = 2Q, R A = 0,
'=>I = i ± M = « ^ = ,.,-25A Rv rat Idn.
R4
r 2 A Tim so' chi cua cac ampe ke. . D
Mat khac: UAB = UAC + Uce = IR3 + UCB R, B
Tim so chi ciia von ke'. Dau du'dng \ If
o 4 , 0 5 = 1,125.2+ UcB=^UcB= 1,8V . R3
i p von ke'phai no'i vdi diem nao?
R2 R4
Bai giai
I 1,125 D Wchi cua cdc ampe ke: V i dien trd cua cac ampe ke b i n g 0 nen mach c6
2.(2+ R , ) ^hl du'cJc ve lai nhu'sau:
<=> 1,6= - — - — — .R4 =6a »
R,+ R 2 + R 4 2 + 2 + R.
25 )
_B6i dusng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann ViSt
®
M o i nguon e = 2V, r = I Q , dien
I: R, trd R i = 1 ^ , R2 = 12fi, R3 = 6Q,
= 2 Q , tu C = 0,8 M F , R A = 0 , . R2 R3
D
R,
R4
Rv rat Idn. Tinh:
D Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong
cua bp nguon.
Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong cua bp nguon: b) So' chi cac ampe ke va von k e .
R2.R3 „ 24.4,8 C
vdi: R23 = = 4,8V => RN = + 2 =6Q
R2+R3 12 + 8 24 + 4,8
8
R, R, R4
R3 N
Cu-dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh; I = -Rj^
— +2 —r, = _6 — _ = 1A .
+ 2
M
1
U A B = IR12.1 = 1.4 = 4 V z:>I, = - J ^ = — = - A D
R, 24 6
— f i y
=^I2 + I3 = I - I , = 1-7 = | A
1 1
(1) 1 1
6 6
E
M a t khac: I2R2 = I3R3 o I 2 I 2 = 8 I 3 (2) 1
Tir(l)va(2)suyra: I 2 = -l A
A ;;il33 = -iA .
3 ^ 2 Sua't d i e n dpng va dien trd trong cua bp nguon:
+ S6' chi cua ampe ke' 3 b^ng: I i + I2 = ^ + j = 0,5A . Ta c6: [ R , nt (R2 // R3) nt R 4 ] = ^ R23 = - ^ ^ ^ ^ = = 4Q
R2+R3 12 + 6
b) S6' chi cua v o n ke: So chi cua von ke' bang do Idn cua U D C - '=^RN = RI234 = R I + R 2 3 + R 4 = 1 + 4 + 2 = 7Q •>
Taco: UDC = UDA + UAC
Cudng dp dong dien qua mach ngoai: I = = 0,5A
U D A = - I . R 4 = -1.2 = - 2 V ; U A C = 2 e - - . 2 r „ = 2 . 2 - - . 2 . 1 = 3 V 7+1
2 " 2
=^I2 + I3 = 0,5 (1)
r:>UDt' = - 2 + 3 = I V .
^•1t khac: I2R2 = I3R3 < ^ I 2 I 2 = 6 I 3 (2)
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Bfii duang hpc sinh gi6i V$t 1^ 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu E)6ng Cty INilll MIV DVVH Khang Vigt
1 E 18
Tu-(l)va(2)suyra: = - A; I , = - A . Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = ^— = = l 8A
R^+r, 7,5 + 2,5 '
So chi cua ampe ke 1: U i = I3 = ^ = 0,33A . =1=1,8 [ l , + I =1,8 f l , =0,45A
Ta co: •
[I,(R,+ Rp) = l2R2 [301,-1012=0 [l2 = l , 3 5 A ' ,
So chi cua ampe ke 2: IA2 = I = 0,5A.
So chi cua von keco gia tri bang do Idn cua UDF,: Vay: Cir5ng dp dong dien qua mach chinh va moi nhanh la • '' -
1= 1,8A, I | = 0 , 4 5 A , l 2 = 1,35A.
Ta c6: VDE = U D A + UAH
0,5 [,) Dp sang den thay doi ra sao
I
vdi: U i M = - I R i --0,5.1 =-0,5V; UAH = e - --TQ = 2 - 4 - . 1 = 1,75V _ R^CRi+R,,) ^ R2(Ri + 12)
Ta c6: RH = = , (,l)
=>UD,.; = - 0 , 5 + 1 , 7 5 = I,25V. Rj+Ri+R,-, R2+R, + 12
' Vay: Cac ampe ke chi 0,33A, 0,5A; von ke chi 1,25V. it;) E
Ci/ctng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
c) Dien tich ciia tu dien
Hieu dien the giiJa hai dau tu dien bang UAM:
E E
Hieudienthe haidau A , B : UAB = I R N = =
UAM = U A C + U c N = IRi + I2R2 = 0,5.1 + -.12 = 2,5 V.
6
Dien tich ciia tu dien: q = C U A M = 0,8.2,5 = 2 = 2.10 *C.
E,
9.44. Bo nguon gom 20 pin gio'ng nhau, moi Cirdng dp dong dien qua den: I , = = ^ (2)
— I I - - 1
pin CO e = 1,8V, r,, = 0,5Q mac thanh 2 day ^'""^^ ( i + ^ ) ( R , + i2)
song song, moi day 10 pin no'i tiep. 1 1
^N,,,
- I I --
Den thuoc loai 6 V - 3 W . T i r ( l ) v a ( 2 ) , tadiTdc:
Ban dauR, = 18Q, R2 = lOQ. i E. Eb
1
I, = (2')
a) Tun cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh V—y ^^(R.+R, + 12)r,
N
.(R. + 12) R, + 12+,,+ ^ ^ i ^ ' ' ^ ' ^
va moi nhanh. R2(Ri+I2) R2
i
b) Tang R2 hoac R|, dp sang den thay doi ra sao? 1
Ta tha'y, neu Rj giff nguyen con tang R2 thi mau so cua bieu thufc (2') giam
c) Ri = 18Q. Tim R2 de den sang diing djnh miifc. R2
nen dong qua den se tang, den se sang hdn.
d) R2 = lOQ. Tim R| de den sang dung dinh muTc.
Neu R2 khong doi, tang R| thi mau so cua bieu thiJc (2' se tang nen dong qua
B a i giai
den giam, den giam sang.
a) Cu'cfng dp dong dien qua mach chinh va moi nhanh Tim R2 de den sang diing djnh mile
Taco: Eb = ne= 10.1,8= 18V ThayR| = 18fi vao (2') ta diWc:
r.= ^ = lM^=2,5Q I,= _ = (3)
m 1
18+12 + 2 , 5 + ( ^ ± ' 2 ) : M 32,5R,+ 75
RD = = 12Q A
P 3 '
R, ^
E)edensdngbinhthi/cJngthiI, =Id,„: gj- i .r Ji>-:6g
Dien trcl mach ngoai: I2' N
i li = Ic:,„= ^ - 7 = 0,5A (4) '
_ R ; ( R | + R , ) ) _ 10.(18+ 12) _
RN = = 7,5fi U, 6
R 2 + R , + RD 10+18+12 R2
0^0
B6i doBng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjip 1 - NguySn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
Vay: So chi cua von ke bKng 4 V , ciTc du'dng cua von ke' noi v d i C.
b) Tinh R A C
- Ta luon cd: U C M = E , - I(ri + R A C ) = 6 - (1 + R A C ) = 5 - R A C ^ R A C = 5 - U C M
+ TCr (3) vh (4) ta c6: -3 + I = -1,5 - 0,51 I = 1 A; U A B = -3 + 1 = - 2 V . R, = 5Q, R2 = 3Q, R v rat Idn.
+ So chi cua von ke la 2V, ciTc difdng noi vdi B . ^) V o n ke V chi 0. Tinh R3.
B
^) Dao vj t r i cac cifc cua mot trong D
- Hinh c: Nhanh tren: U A B = -I.2ro = - I (5)
Nhanh diTdi: U A B = e + I.ro = 1,5 + 0,51 (6) hai nguon. T i m so chi cua von ke.
265
B6i di/Sng hpc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - IMguygn PhO £)6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
6+3 = 9(3 + ^ 3 ) ^ e ' UAH = 0: TiT (2), de UAB = 0 thi: (R + r2)E, - E.r, = 0
=i> I = - R,
IOR3+2I 1
J
D' ^ => E, =
3 + R3
R. ' R+r,
Ta c6: UDC = UDB + ^ac = IR23 - E2 + hj = ICRj.i + rz) - E2 E r
9.(3 + R3) Vay: De UAB > 0 thi Ej > —
R ^+ -r.^ ; de UAB < 0 thi E, < R + r, ; de UAB = 0 thi
-+ 1 - 3 = 4R3+3 -3
IOR3 + 2 ! 3 + R^ IOR3+2I
E - - ^
De von ke chi so 0: UQC = 0 <=> -
' ~ R + r.
•2 fiOcN -7
-.(4R3+3)-3 = 0
iOR3 +21 El, r,
9.49. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R = lOQ, r, = r2 = I Q .
h-
36R3 + 27 - 3OR3 - 63 = 0 R3 = 6 Q . RA = 0. Khi xe djch con chay bien trd Ro, so' chi ampe R«
E2, r2
Vay: R3 =6n. ke'khong doi va bang l A . — I—
b) So chi cua von ke khi dao ci/c cua mot nguon: Gia suT dao ciTc cua nguon E2, ^mEi.Ej.
cirdng do dong dien qua mach la: B a i giai
R
3.(3 + 6) ^ _1_^ - Vi khi xe dich con chay Ro, so'chi cua ampe
1= ^'-^2
R^+rj+r^ 10.6 + 2! 3 ke khong ddi nen khong CO dong dien chay El, ri
qua nguon E|. h ; . 5 1 Jy.,.;? ~
1
Ta c6: U m = - E, + I(ri + R,) = -6 + - . ( 1 + 5) = - 4 V ^ UDC = 4V. Ro
- Taco: UAB = IR = 1.10= lOV. ; E2, r:
B
+ Vdi nguon E,, ta c6: UAB = E , => E , = l O V . { ; ^
Vay: Khi dao cifc cua mot nguon thi so chi cua von ke bang 4V, ciTc du'dng I,
no'i vdi D. + Vdi nguon E2, ta CO: UAB = E2 - Ir2
=>E2 = UAB + I r 2 = 10+ 1.1 = I I V . 'ki:MA>
9.48. Cho mach dien nhirhinh ve. Tim E , de: R
E,,r, E2, r2 Vay: Sua't dien dong cua cac nguon dien la
a) U A B > 0 . B Ei,r, ^
— h- — h- ^ E , = 10V,E2= I I V .
b) U A B < O . ; :
R Ii Ro
c) UAB = 0. ' " E2, h
'•M •* !• B a i giai
Ta c6: !\
+ 1=
E, + E , •tf'J.rui ^ '1 , i i
R
K5>
R + r, + (I)
+ n,,-P.-T.,-F. (E.-^E,)r. _ ( R + r , ) E , - E , r ,
(2)
^' R+r,+ r2 R+ r^ +
266 267
B6i du8ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjit 19 11, tjtp 1 - Nguygn Phii P 6 n g Cty TITOTTIgrrVTiWH Khang Viet
9.50. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: Ri = 2R2, R R2 0 2I, +3213= 12 (3)
' M
R4 = 2R3, E, = 12V, ri = r2 = 2Q, RA = RG I, =
'
2A
3
= 0, Rv rat idn. 101, - I O I 3 - E 2 =0
a) K md, von ke chi lOV, ampe ke chi Tir(l). (2), (3): 51, - 2 O I 3 + E 2 = 0
1/3A. TinhR|,R2, R3, R4. 21, +32I3 = 12
b) K dong, dien ke chi 0. Tinh Ej. E . = 10 = 3,33V
c) Thay khoa K bang tu C = 3|aF va ddi
ciTc nguon E2. Tinh Q cua tu va xac djnh Vay: Sua't dien dong cua nguon E2 la E2 = 3,33V. : .
dau dien tich tren cac ban tu. E, c) Tinh Q cua tu va xac dinh da'u dien tich tren cac ban tu
Bai giai Khi thay khoa K b5ng tu C, do dong dien khong chay qua tu C nen cac dong
a) Tinh R,, R2, R3, R4: Khi K md mach dxidc ve lai nhiTsau: dien trong mach bay gid giong nhufd cau (a). R
R, Ta c6: UNM = UNA + UAM = -I3R3 + IiRi 1 1
Ta c6: U A B = lOV; l 3 = ^ A . M
=>UNM= ~ . 1 0 + | . 1 0 = ^ V ^ C
Mat khac: UNM = -E2 + Uc ^E2
'3
3 IT TT c 10 10 20,, R3 R4
oR3 + 2 R 3 = 30Q = > U C = UNM + E 2 = — + — = — V I3
1—1
. , N
= lOQ va R 4 = 2R3 = 20Q.
A h ^ — I < ] ^1^ \ I B
= > R3
d) De do sua't dien dong diTdc de dang hdn, ngiTdi ta chon them mot nguon
CO suat dien dong > ej. Trinh bay each do nay.
Bai giai '/ e, d, r, R
V a V N e u khong bo qua r2 thi — = — v d i ro = — .
a) Ti so — theo d i , 62 neu dien t r d trong r2 cua P2 c6 the bo qua dufdc e, dj d,ro , d
272 273
doOng hoc sinh gi6i v a t ly 11. tjp 1 - NguySn Phil D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH_Khang Vi^t
- X e t theo vong (a), ta c6: 9.58. Bp nguon g o m ba acquy 12V - 3Q mic song song. M a c h ngoai 1^ mot bong
o I 1 - 4 I 2 + 1,5 = 0 (1) b) N6'u mot nguon bj dao ciTc thi cong suat den la bao nhieu?
Vay: Cong sua't cua den khi mot nguon bj ddi ciTc la P = 3,56W. -16 + A q = 24 => Aq = 2 4 + 16 = 40|.iC = 4.10"'*C
9.59. Co n nguon giong nhau (e, r) mac song song. Co mot nguon m^c ngiTOc vdi Vay: Dien lu'dng chuyen qua R la 4.10''^C. E:,ri Ri
cac nguon khac. Tim ciTdng do va hieu dien the cua moi nguon. 9.61. Cho mach dien nhu^hinh ve: Ej = 12V,
E2 = 6V, r, = rj = IQ, R, = 2Q, R2 = 3Q, E2, r2
E,=e v-_
C =5HF. I —
Trong (n - 1) nguon m^c dung, ta c6: Tim dien lu'dng qua E2 khi K dong. R2 K
B a i giai
Xet theo mot vong kin: -e + Ir - Eb + Irb = 0 +
7 1 - Khi K md: Dong dien khong chay du'dc qua tu C nen:
<=> I(r + fb) = e + Eb UAB = El = 12V E„r, R,
2(n-l)e Ma UAB = E2 + Uc => Uc = 12 - 6 = 6V.
<^ I(r + - ^ ) = 2e (Eb = e) o I . "'^ = 2e => I =
n-1' ' n-1 nr Dien tich tren tu: q = CUc = 5.6 = 30|aC . E2, r2
2(n-l)e I —
Suy ra: Dong dien qua nguon mac ngiTdc bang I = Khi K dong, ta c6 d6ng dien qua mach:
nr K
1 =
12 R2
Trong ( n - 1 ) nguon mic dung thi dong dien deu bhng nhau va b^ng: = 2A
R,+ R 2 + r j 2 + 3+1 -{Z>
I _2(n-l)e^2e
=^UAB = IR2 = 2.3 = 6V. Ei,ri
n-1 nr(n-1) nr — I —
Mat khac: U A B = E J + U ; .
2(n-l)e (n-2)e
Hieu dien the cua moi nguon: UAB = -e + Ir = -e + E2, r2
=> = UAB - E2 = 6 - 6 = 0. — f—
Vay: Ci/dng do va hieu dien the cua moi nguon la: nguon mdc ngift^c ^'en tich tren tu: q' = C U;. = 0 .
R2 K
^^y: Khi dong K, dien liTdng chuyen qua Ej la:
I = , cac ngu6n con lai la I ' = ^ va U = -r-C
nr • nr n ^q = q - q ' = 3 0 - 0 = 30nC = 3.10-^C.
E|, r . E2, r2 Ei,r, E2,r2
9.60. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: ' ^no mach dien nhu" hinh ve. E, = 6 V ,
1
E, = 8 V , E 2 = 12V,C = 2 n F . ^2 = 3V, r, = i n , r2 = 2Q, R, = 4 ^ , Rj = 1 1'
2
Tim dien liTcJng qua R khi K ^ ' C , = 0 , 6 ^ F , C2 = 0,3^F. Ban dau + 11- B
chuyen dong tir (1) sang (2). — i r - D "
sau do K dong.
R, R2
L-o——CI]—'
276 oil
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi;t
Boi duoiig lioc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyen P t i j S6ng
a) Xac dinh chieu va so liTdng electron qua K k h i K dong ^,fn so' chi cua von ke, ampe ke" vh. dien
- K h i K m d : [C, n t C j ] : t f c h c u a c a c t u luc:
E,.r, E2, r2
=> qi = q2 => qo = - q i + q2 = 0. gatidaukhi K m d . ^ >,
6 + 3 Bai giai
1 = = lA
4+2+1+2 Tri^cfng hdp ban dau khi K m d :
R,+ R 2 + r,+
Khi K m d , ta c6 [R, nt R J :
::^UAD = UAC = E , - I r , = 6 - l . l =5V.
CiTdng do dong dien qua mach la:
UDB = U c B = E 2 - I r 2 = 3-1.2= IV. 3 U:J 'a :•:,)]
3 +
=>q; =U^DCI = 5.0,6 = 3^C E1+E2
Kmd
1 = = 0,5A
va q 2 = U D B C 2 = 1.0,3 = 0,3nC E|, r, _ E2, r2 R j + R j + r j + rj 3 + 3 + 2+1
27«
B6i du3ng hpc sinh gidi Vjtt ly 11. tjp 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng CtyTNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
9.64. Cho mach dien nhu'hinh ve: Ei = E2 = 1,5V, Tfnh d i e n lu'dng qua R 4 khi K dong. B A
r, = 0,2Q, r2 = 0,5Q, C, = 0,2(aF, C2 = C 3 = B a i giai
0,3|aF, R = 0,5Q. iChi K m d , mach du'dc ve l a i :
T i m dien tich cac tu khi khoa K chuyen tu" 1 sang 2. + V i dong dien khong qua tu nen: C
-J1+
B a i giai •2
1=
20+10 15
Taco: I = ^ i ^ = 2 , 5 A R4
R + Tj +
=>UDA = I R I = —.10= - V R7 R.
- Ban dau khi K d vi tri 1, ta c6: [C, nt C j ] : 15 3 B
D
+ M a t khac: U A D = E2 + Uc
va U , = U A B = I R = 2,5.0,5 = 1,25V.
D i e n tich cac tu: qi = q2 = C12U12 => q = CUc = 1 = ^\iC va ban du'dng cua tu noi v d i R 4 .
=^q, = q 2 = 0,12.1,25 = 0,15nC = 0 , 1 5 . 1 0 ' C .
i K dong, gia suf dong dien c6 chieu nhu'hinh ve:
- K h i K chuyen sang vj tri 2:
•f X e t vong (a), ta c6: -I2R2 - E2 + I3R3 = 0
Ta c6: U , . , = U A M = E , - Ir, = 1,5 - 2,5.0,2 = I V .
o -2OI2 - 1 + 3OI3 = 0
=>U^, +U^,^ = 1 V (1)
hay-2OI2 + 3OI3 = 1 (1)
Mat khac, theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich, ta c6: q[ + q'^ = - = - 0,15 + X e t vong (b), ta c6: I i R , + I2R2 - Ei = 0
Vay: Sau khi chuyen K tif vi t r i 1 sang 2 thi dien tich cua tu C2 khong doi U k D = I i R . = 5 ' ' 0 = 2V
b^ng 0 , 1 5 . 1 0 ' C ; con dien tich cua C, la q[ = 0,18.10"^C; cua C 3 la 1
va U : , ^ = E 2 + U ^ =U' - E , =2-1 = IV
C ~ ' - ' A D "^2
0,03.10~'^C.
q' = C U ^ = 1.1 = IfiC va ban diTdng cua tu n6'i vdti R 4 .
280 281
i dUBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tgp 1 - IMguyin Phu D6ng Cty TI\JHH MTV UVVH Khang Vigt
r = 0 , 4 Q , R, = I Q , Rj = 2Q, R 4 = 6 Q , K 53
RA = 0. ^ , , E,r > (A) 4. Thay cac gia tri viTa nhan di/dc vao (4), ta diTdc:
K h i K m d ampe ke chi 0,1A. B
i l . ( R , + 6 ) - l , 5 + 0 , 4 . — = 0 =>R2 = 3 Q .
K h i K dong ampe ke chi 0. 106 53
TinhR2,R5. J, A Vay:R5 = 2 f i ; R 2 = 3 Q .
1 Baigiai 967. Cho mach d i e n n h i f h i n h ve: R, = 2 f i , R A = 0, Rv ra't Idn. 7,. t
- K h i K m5, mach dien du'dc ve lai nhiTsau: Khi K m d , ampe ke' chi 1,5A, von ke' chi 6V.
E,r
+ Xetv6ng(a): I.R, + I 3 R 3 - E + I.r = 0 Khi K dong, chiing chi 3A, 4V.
o I , + 213-1,5 + 0 , 4 1 , = 0 Tinh E, r, R2, R3. R,
<:> 1 , 4 1 , + 213= 1,5 (1) B a i giai
+ X e t vong (b): I5R5 + I5R4 - I3R3 = 0 - K mcl, ta CO mach dien nhiT hinh a: R2
V.
o IsCRj + 6) - 2I3 = 0 Ta c6: (R, nt R2) ^ I , = I2 = I = 1,5A. K
R3
V d i I 5 bhng so chi cua ampe ke'bang 0,1 A.
UMB = I 2 R 2 ^ R 2 = = — =4Q 1 1
=> 0,1R5 + 0 , 6 - 2 1 3 = 0 (2) I 1,5
+ X e t tai nut C, ta c6:15 + I3 = I|
^ 1 , - 1 3 = 15 = 0,1 (3) Ma 1= o 1,5 =
R , + R2+r 2 + 4 + r
[ l , 4 I , + 2l3 = 1,5 f l , =0,5A
=>9+l,5r = E (1) R2
+ Tuf ( 1 ) , (2), (3): • 0,1R5 - 2I3 = - 0,6 =^ I2 = 0,4A
- K dong, ta c6 mach dien nhiT hinh b:
i i^i -^3 =0'' [^5 =2Q
Taco: r = r = = 1 = 1A E,r
V a y : R 5 = 2Q. ^^'^ ' 2 R2 4
, ll 1
- K h i K dong, vi ampe ke' chi 0 nen ta c6 mach nhif hinh ben:
=5. i ; , = i ' - i ; = 3 - 1 = 2 A ff' t.
+ X e t vong (a): I2R2 + I2R4 - E + Ir = 0 R,
D
B
Mat khac: U A B = I ; ( R , + R2) = • -(2 + 4) = 6 V
o l 2 ( R 2 + 6 ) - 1 , 5 + 0,41 = 0 (4) M
+ X e t vong (b): I | R i + I i R 3 - E + Ir = 0 [, Hinh a
=^U,3=U^B=6V=^R3 = ^ = ^=3Q
oI,(l + 2 ) - 1,5 + 0,41 = 0 E, r U R4
E,r
I B
o 31,+0,41=1,5 ' (5)
v^UAB = E - I r o 6 = E - 3 r (2)
+ Xet v6ng(c): l 2 R 4 - I | R 3 = 0
'l,5r-E=-9 [ r = 2Q R2
o 6I2 - 21, = 0 T i r ( l ) v a (2):
3r-E= -6 E = 12V
0 1,-312 = 0 (6) M
R, Vay: E = 12V;r = 2 Q ; R 2 = 4 Q ; R 3 = 3 Q .
+ T a i n u t B , t a c 6 : I , + I2 = I (7)
R3
282
Cly TIMHH MTV D W H Khang vig
B6i du8ng hgc sinh gi6i V j t 1 ^ 1 . t^p 1 - Nguygn Phti D6ng
4
9.68. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R| = 4Q, Vi I ' = I B + I2 + (4)
3 3Ry 3R2
R A = 0, Rv rat Idn, hai den giong nhau
va c6 hieu dien the' djnh mufc 6V, R2 la 9 45
1,5= Rj3 = 12Q
bie'n tret. Khi hai den ciing sang, von ke Rp R2
Ttf (3) va (4), ta c6:
"lU chi 4,5V, ampe ke chi 1,5A. Khi t^t bdt 16 16 R2 = 6Q
3Rp -+- 3R2
' mptddn, chungchi ^ V va ^ A . ^
V $ y : E = 1 2 V ; r = 1 Q ; R 2 = 6 Q ; R D = 12Q.
a) Tinh E, r, R2 va R cua den. I,) n m R2 de den sdng binh thu'dng
b) Tim R2 de den sang binh th^dng. f)i den sang binh thu^dng thi hieu dien the giffa 2 dau den phai b^ng hieu
Bai giai (jien the djnh mffc: UAB = 6V.
a) Tinh E, r, R2 va R cua den
- Khi 2 d^n ciing sang, so chi ciia v6n ke bang 4,5V nen UAB = 4,5V. Cifdng dp dong dien tdng cpng qua 2 den: 21^ = 2 . ^ ^ ^ = 2.— = 1A .
Rp 12
- Ta c6: IR, + UAB - E + Ir = 0 o 1,5.4 + 4,5 - E + 1,5r = 0
. Matkhac: IR, + UAB - E + Ir = 0 <=>4I + 6 - 12 + I . l = 0 => 1= 1,2A.
« E - l , 5 r = 10,5 (1)
- CiTdng dp dong dien qua R2 la: I2 = I - 2ID = 1,2 - 1 = 0,2A.
16 4
- Khit^tmotden:UAB= Y V , I = ^ A .
E,r T 0,2
' - E + rr = 0 o - . 4 + — - E + - r = 0
I ' R , + U'AB — h-
3 ?$y: De den sang binh thiTdng thi R2 = 3 0 Q .
„ 4 32 9.6S^ Cho mach dien nhff hinh ve:
o E--r= — (2)
3 3 E = 120V, r = 5Q, R, = 15Q,
J^2
E - l , 5 r = 10,5 = lOQ, R3 = R 4 = 20Q,
E = 12V
- Tir(l)va(2): c 4 32 => C = 0,2^F. Khi khoa K md,
T=\n
3 3 v6n ke V c h i 60V.
- Matkhac: ^) Khi K dong von ke chi bao nhieu? Cffdng dp dong dien qua khoa K la bao nhieu?
+ Khi 2 den sang: cifdng dp dong dien tdng cpng qua 2 den la: tinh dien tich tren tu C khi K md va khi K dong.
4^ Bai giai
I. =
R. R. R, Ta c 6 : K h i K m c ( :
Gia sur R V = oo : mach ngoai gdm [R2 nt R3 nt R 4 nt R i ] :
V I I = I2 + 2 I D = * 1,5= — + ^ (3) =>RN = R 2 + R 3 + R 4 + R |
= > R N = 15+ 10 + 20 + 20 = 65Q.
+ Khi mot den t^t, mot den sang:
120 U
\6
^1 =
Rj^+r 65+5 7
U ' AB
_ 3 _ 16
• Dong dien qua den: IL =
Rr Rp 3Rp ^6'chi cua vonke:
16 ^ A B = I ( R 3 + R 4 ) = y .40 = 68,57V.
• Dong dien qua R2: I 2 = -
Ro 3R.
% t khac, theo de bai: UAB = 60V, tifdo suy ra Rv ciia v6n ke c6 gia tri huTu han.
285
B6i duBng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng" Cty TNHH MTV DVVI
Taco: IR2 + UAB + I R i - E + I r = 0 101 + 6 0 + 1 5 1 - 120 + 51 = 0 ^_70. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: Cac
=>I = 2A dien trd thuan deu c6 gia tri la R,
UAR 60 ^ ngu6nE= 15V,r = R. ,
- Ci/cfng do dong dien qua R34 la: 13 = — ^ = = 1,5A.
A
Zu+zu 1 BietUAB = 3V.
- Cirdng do dong dien qua Rv la: Iv = I - 1 3 = 2 - 1,5 = 0,5A. A Tim so chi cua von ke" V.
. Bai giiii M
- Dientrdcua v o n k e l a : Rv = — = = 120n. , Xet theo mot vong kin, ta c6:
ly U,J
IR + UAB + IR - E + Ir = 0 -CD-
a) So" chi cua von ke' va dong dien qua khoa K: Khi K dong, ta c6 the bo qua
Vi r = R=>3IR + 3 - 1 5 = 0
khi do mach diTcfc ve lai nhiT sau: E,r
1=1 7...
X
- Dientrclmachngoai: Rj^ = R , + R
Ry+Rj+R^
=>R,.,5+i^^:^?^=45Q
[at khac: L = ^
^ R
=
R
- (2) •
I
120 + 2 0 + 2 0
M
- Cu'cJng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: R R R .
E , 120 hfk IR + I,R + UMN + IiR + IR - E + Ir = 0 (vdi r = R)
1= =>I = = 2,4A
45+5 3IR + 2I,R + UMN - E = 0 ti.fi,! , { J ) 01:
Vay: CiTdng dp dong dien qua khoa K bhng 2,4A.
[ O 3 . 4 + 2 . - . R + U M N - 1 5 = 0 ^ U M N = IV.
- So" chi cua von ke": E,r
Ta c6: UAB + IRi - E + Ir = 0 /ay:S6"chicuav6nkela IV.
o UAB + 2,4.15 - 120 + 2,4.5 = 0 =^ UAB = 72V. 9.71. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve: E = 6V, '
Vay: Von ke" chi 72V. r = 3,2Q, Ri = Sn, R2 = Rj = 4Q, UDC = 0,6V.
b) Dien tich tren tu C khi K md va khi K dong rimR4. R,
Ta c6: Hieu dien the" giffa hai dau tu C: Uc = UDB = U ^ Bai giai
- Xet theo mot vong kin, ta c6:1,(Ri + R 3 ) - E + Ir = 0 R2
D
R4
- Khi K md: UAB = I4R4 = I3R4 = 1,5.20 = 30V.
0 1 2 1 , - 6 + 3,21 = 0 (1)
Dien tich cua tu: q = CUDB = 0,2.30 = 6^iC . 4 ' '
~ Mat khac: UDC = UDA + UAC = - UAD + UAC
- Khi K dong: '-i
O U D C = -I2R2 + IiRi = 0,6 = - 4 I 2 + 81, E,r
+ Cu'cfng dp dong dien qua R34 la: "IM"^
vai l2 = I - I , 3>0,6 = - 4 . ( I - I , ) + 8I| — I—
286
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
9.72. C h o mach dien nhiT hinh ve: E = 2 4 V , E, r = > E = 4 I , + 3I (2)
r = 1,6Q, R| = 4 a R2 = 16ri, R3 = 8Q. M a t khac: Uc D = UCA + UAD = - I , R , + I2R2 = - I , + 3I2
B i e t dong dien qua day C D chay tit =i> 1,2 = - I , + 3I2 (3)
C den D va c6 cUdng do 0,5A. T h a y ( l ) v a o ( 3 ) : 1,2 = - I , + 31, = 21,
TimR4. R, R3
I =^ I , = 0,6A; I2 = 0,6A; I = I , + I2 = 1,2A.
r
Baigiai ^ h-J Tir (2) suy ra: E = 4.0,6 + 3.1,2 = 6V.
D
R2
- X e t theo mot vong k i n , ta c6: R4
i K dong:
I , R i + I3R3 - E + I r = 0 u^^, = - i ; R , + i 2 R 2 = - i ; + 3 r ,
o I i R , + ( I i - 0 , 5 ) R 3 - E + Ir = 0 E,r
<^0,75=-i;+3i^ IK;
0 4 I , + ( I , - 0,5).8 - 24 + 1,61 = 0
vi i ; = i 2 o 0,75= - i ; + 3 i ; =21;
o 1,61 + 1 2 1 , = 2 8 (1)
- M a t khac: I = I , + I2 1^ _^ 0 7 5 ^ Q 375^. J, ^ o,375A .
R, R3
M a I,R,, = I2IS.2 o
- I2R2 W ^ It iil = I6I2 I2 = - I i
+ X e t theo mot vong k i n , ta c6: I ; R , + l2R3+rR5 - E + I ' r = 0 '
4 D
R2 R4
1 , 5, « 0,375.1 + 0,375.3 + 2 , 5 r - 6 + 0,51' = 0 ^ l ' = 1,5A oi^ / ( l :
=>I = Ii + - I , = - I (2)
1-4^1
• 4 + CiTdng do dong dien qua Rc l a : k.•
I Vay: E = 6V;R6 = 2 Q .
Ta c6 : I3R3 — I4R4 => R4 - \ - —;— -
I4 1 ^•m Cho mach dien nhiT hinh v e : D , , D2
*Vay:R4= 12Q. E,r CO cung hieu dien the dinh miJc, den D ,
R5
9.73. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve, trong 1 1 1 CO cong suat djnh miJc P, = 60W.
A 1 1*—
Biet Rv rat Idn.
- K h i K dong von k e c h i 0,75V. R4
t Tim cong suat dinh muTc cua den D2.
Tinh E va R(,. 1 1 r
1
B a i giai
B a i giai J
" Rv rat Idfn nen khi K , , K2 m d thi khong c6 dong dien qua mach:
* Nhan x6t: Ta c6: R, + R3 = R2 + R 4 = 4 Q
P>E = U A B = 1 2 0 V
=>I|=l2 (1)
^ Khi K| dong, K2 m d , ta c6: .> *
M a t khac: R2 > R, =:> V Q < Vc nen so chi cua von ke b^ng UCD-
^AB - E + Ir = 0 « 110 - 120 + Ir = 0
- K h i K met:
^Ir=10 (1)
+ X e t t h e o m o t v o n g k i n , t a c d : I j R , + I1R3 + IR5 - E + I r = 0
o I , + 31, + 2,51 - E + 0,51 = 0 o 41, + 31 - E = 0
288 289
Boi dijgng hoc sinh gidfvjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn PhO D6ng^ Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
'^Tac6:UAN + L r N u - E + Ir = 0 ; R3
- Matkhac: I = - (2)
R, R, i. " ^ I 2 R 2 + I 4 R 4 - E + Ir = 0
^ R 2 + l4.6- I I +4.0,5=0
- Thay(2) vao(l)^ (3): <:S>R2 + 6l4 = 9 V d i I4 = l2 + l5 ;
Bai giai
(9)
R. P, •^ach 1: Chung ta chuyen mach tam giac A M N thanh mach sao:
Ta c6: - • •• •, r
- Tir(8) va (9): - = ^=:>P2 = - P , = - . 6 0 = 160W. . R,R2 2.5
3 3 3
R,+ R2+ R, 2+5+3
Vay: Cong sua't dinh miJc cua den D2 la 160W.
R, 3.2
9.75. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: E = 11V,
r = 0,5Q, R, = IQ, R4 = 6Q, R5 = 3Q.
1 1 R , + R,+ R2 3+2+5
Cu'dng dp mach chinh I = 4A, cu'cJng dp R2R5 5.3
R5
dong dien qua Ri la Ii = 3A. ^ R2 R4 R2+R5+R, 5 +3+2
Tinh R2, R3. 1—1
"•hi do mach ngoai gom:
Bai giai nt [ ( R ^ n t R j ) // ( R ; n t R j '
\
290 29 l i
B6i diiSng hgc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vjgt
o 201,
- l,R4-l5R5 = 0
292 293
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
B6i duang hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Mguygn Phu D6n9
90 ^ , ^ s o c h i c u a v o n k e V2.
- Thay vaoCOtadu-dc: 90 = E .(190+ 10)
Coi Rv la dien trd cua cac von ke'. r J U . » .
18000
o90 = E- (2) c6:UAB = E-lr
E - U , , 150-110 , 150 . ' - - . 1 1 —
1= K
- K h i K dong, ta co: I ' = I > I , = Hk.H- = = • R
-^R
R. R R„ 300 R, 15
a M k h a c : U A u = liRv
- Thay v a o ( l ) , tadirdc: 60 = £ - ( — + - ) . ( 1 9 0 + 1 0 )
I'v
(2)
^ 12000 • 0 RV
<=>60 = E 40
U AB
12000
(yi^.u A va I , =
R(2R+Rv)
o 100 = E - (3) 2R+ «, I2
RV K R + 2R + Rv
7'
110.(3R + R v )
18000
90 = E -
E = 120V 6R^+ 2RRv+R(2R + Rv)
TO (2) va (3):
12000 Ry = 600n ^ _ iio.(3R+Rv) , i ,11- ' ~!Mt^,M),lr
100 = E -
R, 8R'+3RR,
Vay: Sua't dien dong ciia nguon la E = 120V. IP' 110 110.(3R + R v ) _ 150 '05; a .
b) H i e u dien the' giiJa hai ciTc nguon dien khi K m d va khi K dong.i - Taco: I , +I2 = I <^ +
Rv 8R^+3RR R
90 90 i l l
B 10
la R, nguon E = 150V, r = — R, E,r' /ay: So chi cua von ke V2 bhng ^ R v = = •
15 D
T i n h U A B , chieu va ci/dng do cua I i , I2 neu: Dong I : CO chieu n g i T d c vdi chieu da chon,d6ng h cung chieu vdi chieu da
a) I = 2 A . chpn. -J
b)I= lA. c)I= -A. d ) I = - A. E|,ri
2 4 ^81. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve: E | = 1 , 5 V ,
B a i giai E2 = 2 V , Rv ra't Idn, von ke chi 1 , 7 V . 1
Gia suT cdc dong dien cd chieu nhU' hinh ve. Hoi khi dao ci/c nguon E i , von ke chi bao
' Ta cd: I , + I2 = I (1) nhieu?cd can dao l a i cifc von ke'khong?
I—
U A B = I2R2 (2) \ B a i giai E2, h
U A B = I i R i + E + I,r (3) .I2 _ Ban dau (khi chu'a dao ciTc nguon E i ) , ta cd:
Tir(l),(2),(3): R, U„A = E,+Ir, (I) :
fl,+ I , = I , I,+ l 2 = I va U B A = E2 - Ir2 (2)
<=>
I2R2 = I , ( R , + r) + E (R, + r)I, -R2I2 = - E (I5 + 5)Ii-40l2
o E i + I r i = E 2 - I r 2 = > 1= ^~ '
lL-^i2=J I,+ l 2 = I
(4)
2 0 1 , -4OI2 = - 2 0 I,-2l2 = - l E2, rj
Tir ( 2 ) suy ra: U B A = E2 - ]
a) V d i I = 2 A , lhay vao he ( 4 ) , ta diTdc:
I, = l A (3)
UAB = I2R2= 1.40 = 4 0 V .
1,-21, = - 1 |l2 = 'A
dao ciTc nguon E i , ta c d :
Chieu ciia I| va I2 nhif da chpn ban dau.
b) V d i I = 1 A, thay vao he ( 4 ) , la diTdc: ^ ' " " ^ ^ ^ U ' - E -I'r - E
r,+ r2
E2, r2
I,+ l2 = I 80,
• '2 =_ 0 , 6 = > U ' 3 ^ = 2 - ( 2 + 1,5).0,6= - 0 , 1 V
I^UAB = I2R:= - . 4 0= — V Ma
[l,-2l2 = - l
Vay: So chi cua von ke bang 0 , 1 V va ta can phai dao ciTc cua von kg'.
Chieu cua I , va I2 nhu'da chon ban dau. ^•82. Cho mach dien nhir hinh ve: cac
El, Ti E2, r2
Von ke' cd dien trd ra't Idn.
c) V d i I = ^ A , thay vao he ( 4 ) , ta diTdc:
^ K h i K m d , von ke V , chi 1,8V, V2 chi 1,4V. ;
I, = 0 " K h i K ddng v o n ke V , chi 1,4V, V j chi 0 , 6 V .
1
I = > UAB = I2R2 = - . 4 0 = 2 0 V Hoi neu dao ciTc cua nguon E2 thi cac von
I,-2l2 = - I ^ e ' se chi bao nhieu khi K ddng? K h i nay cd
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Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khanq Vi§t
Bai giai I, R.
=>3l2 = 6 I , = i > I i = y
- V i v o n k e c 6 d i e n t r d ra't I d n n e n k h i K m d t h i k h o n g c 6 d o n g d i e n q u a m a c h '
^ E , = U | = i , 8 V ; E2 = U 2 = 1 , 4 V ..., ^ ;v , ., y • . I 6+E2 > • E|,r| E l , r2
C
M a : I i + l2 = l ^ I | = - = A B
- K h i K d o n g va chu'a d a o ciTc: ' 15
E l , r, Ej,
E,+E, E ,1-^^-2
+ E B 21. 2.(6+E2)
J. A
Tac6:I=—! ^ U , = E, - Ir, = E,-
r
R+r, +r2 ' R+rj+r/' =>I2 = R,
3 15
D
_ E,-U, _ 1,8-1,4 (V, va Uc-D = U c B + U i i D
= 0,125 6 + E-, 6 + E, ^
R + r , + r2 E , + E2 1,8 + 1 , 4 = E 2 - I r 2 - I , R 3 = E2 ^.1 ^-3 •
5 15
E, + E . K
va U2 = E2 - hi = E2 - R ^ I 2 + 2E2 _3E2-12
R + r , + r2 => U c u -
5 5
h E2-U2 _ 1.4-0,6 _ Meu d i e n t h e d C c a o h d n d D t h i U C D = ' , 5 V , c o n n e u d i e n t h e d D c a o h d n d
= 0,25 E|, r, E2, r.
R + r, + E , + E2 1,8+1,4 C t h i U c D = - l , 5 V , thay v a o ( 2 ) , tadu'ctc2tru'dnghdp: ,
- K h i K d o n g va d a o cifc n g u o n E2:
1,5 = E2 = 6 , 5 V
E.-E,
Taco: I' ' _= 1
R + r, + r2 E2 = 1,5 V
UAB=E,-I'r,=E,-(E,-E2).
I R
R + r, + r2 + V d i E2 = 1 , 5 V , t h a y v a o ( 1 ) , ta diTdc: 1 = = 1,5A
= ^ U A B = 1 , 8 - ( 1 , 8 - 1,4).0,125 = 1,75V
Cong sua't c d a m S i ngu6n: P, = E , I = 6 . 1 , 5 = 9 W ; P2 = E2I = 1 , 5 . 1 , 5 = 2 , 2 5 W .
r, = 2 Q , r2 = I Q , R, = R j = R3 = 3Q, von
' Cong suat c i i a m o i n g u o n : P, = E , I = 6.2,5 = 1 5 W ; P2 = E2I = 6,5.2,5 = 16,25W.
El, ri E2, rj
ke V (Rv r a t Idn) chi 1,5V. , . / C
A H i e u sua't c u a m o i n g u o n :
T i n h E2, c o n g s u a t v a h i e u s u a t m o i n g u o n .
+ CiTcJng do dong dien qua nguon E2 la: I ' = I , + 1. = 1,8 + 0,6 = 2,4A. c) Hoi nhu" cau a nhUng so nguon la chftn va hai nguon d canh nhau c6 cac ciTc
cung ten noi vdi nhau.
+ Ta l a i c6: U A B = - l'r2 =>r, =
Co n hp nguon khac nhau mac song song.
I' 2,4
Hay chiJng minh bo nguon nay lu^dng du'dng vdi mot nguon (E,r) c6:
Vay: E2 = 6 V , r 2 = I f i .
E E, E, E.. 1 1 1
9.85. D i e n trd R mic vao nguon ( E | = 15V, r,) se c6 dong dien l A di qua. Diiny
-+....+- va - = — + — +....+ —
them nguon (E2 = lOV, r2) mac song song hoac no'i tie'p vdi nguon trift'c ' r r.
R
+ Thay (1) v ^ o (2), ta du-dc: 15 + r2 = 25 => r. = lOQ. Hinh b
300
B6i_dL0ng hpc sinh_gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phu Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
E7 E „ 1 1 1 Rr,+ Rr2+r,r2
1
— + + - ^ ) - U A B ( - + - + . . . . + - ) ( 1 )
thu t h l E2 < U A B ; d e E2 k h o n g p h a t , k h o n g t h u t h i E2 = U A B - ,(,„£.,,: 1
Hinh a
9.88. C h o m a c h d i e n nhu" h i n h v e . T a t ci c a c d i e n trd c u a m a c h n g o d i d e u g i o n g
E - U . A „B _
E U
A B
+ V d i hinh b: I = (2)1 n h a u v a b a n g R Q = 2 Q , b o n g u o n g o m n p i n m ^ c n o i tie'p, m o i p i n c 6 suat
r
d i e n d o n g e v a d i e n t r d t r o n g r = I Q . B o q u a d i e n tret c a c d a y n o i .
E, E , 1 1
+ Tir(l)va(2): - - ^ -= r ( —
^ + — + . . . . + — ) - U , „ ( - + - + . . . . + - ) 5 ) T i n h d i e n t r d ti/dng diTdng cQa m a c h
^) N e u n p i n i n ^ c s o n g s o n g v d i n h a u
Hinhb
1 1 1 1 thl cirdng d o d o n g d i e n qua nhanh
- =— + — + . , .+ — B
D B b K n g 0 , 3 A . T i m so p i n n v a sua't
B a i giai B a i giai
302
i A • • 3031
a ) D i e n t r d tiTdng diTdng c u a m a c h n g o a i v a cir6ng do dong d i e n qua bo ngu6n V = 0,3 + i ; + i ; = 0,3 + 0,15 + 0,15 = 0,6A
- D i e n t r d t i r d n g du-dng:
^^'AH = U k D + Kli = I'Ro+ 0'6 = 0.6.2 + 0,6 = 1,8V .
+ T a CO t h e v e l a i m a c h n h u - s a u ( h i n h a ) : ' t ,t >
vdi 1 = I , + I2 (7)
= > R N . = RO+R' = R „ + : ^ = ^ = 3 ^
^ TiJf(4),(5),(6),(7):
- Cu-dng do dong dien qua bo nguon 31 = 2 - 1 , I, =-0,18A
Ta c6: IDB = 0,5A => U D B = 0,5Ro = 0,5.2 = 1V. A C B
31 = 4 - 2 1 - I , =0,91 A
D
I = I,+ l / I = 0,73A
2.2 ^ 2Ro
Vay : - U c = I = 0,73A.
I = 0,5 + I , + I2 = 0,5 + 0,25 + 0,25 = 1 A.
Dong d i e n qua nhanh gom 1 pin la
Vay: D i e n trd tiTdng di/cfng cua mach la =3Cl; ciTdng do dong dien qua
Ii = 0,18A,
bo nguon la I = 1 A.
chieu nguTdc v d i chieu da chpn.
b) So' pin n va suat dien dong e cua moi pin
Dong d i e n qua nhanh con lai la I2 = 0,91 A.
- Tri/dng hdp n pin m^c no'i tiep d cau a, ta c6: U A B = E b - I r b (1) ^•89. Cho mach d i e n nhiThinh ve: E, = 6V,
vdi UAB = UAD + UDB - IRo + UDB = U + 1 = 3V. E l , r, E2, r2
E2 = 9 V , r, = r2 = 0,5Q, R, = R3 = 8Q, D
va
Eb = ne
= nr = n . l = n
R4 = 0,5Q, C, = 0,5
12V- 18W.
, C2 = 0 , 2 , den
V.
Thay vao (1), ta diTdc: 3 = ne - n • (2) Ban dau K m d va khi chu'a m^c cac
^ , ; = ^2R.
. M , 2.2
O . , 5 A ; , ; = 2R.
M.M=O,,5A' i ^ , electron.
2.2
+ Cu-dng do dong dien qua bo nguon:
304 305
BCi clu3ng hpc smn'gioi vai ly 1 1 , IJJD i - iviguyen h-nu uong Cty TNHH M T V D W H i < h , p j vi§t
Bai giai ^ ^ 240+15.16
a) Dien tich cac tu: Khi K md khong c6 dong dien qua mach: •Ma I = =2A
Tac6:U,.^=UMP=E, =6V 88 + 9,5.16 ,, .
^ UAD = 6 - 2.0,5 = 5V; U M D = -12 + 5 = -7V.
=> q, = C^l]^.^ = 0,5.6 = 3|iC ciTc diTdng cua tu noi vdi Ri. ^ U D M = 7V.
6+9
240+15R. |o N di chuyen deu tiT dau A den dau B cua
=^ 1 = (3) A
In trd trong thdi gian t = 5s. Tim chieu va do
16+R2 cu'dng do dong dien tiJc thdi qua ampe ke
^ng thdi gian tren.
Vi I = I , + I2 nen t i r ( l ) , (2), (3) ta c6: Ei,r, E2, r2
i ! Bai giai
240+15R, 12
— ^ = 1,5 + Tinh R, va UpQ -X^
~ + 9,5R, R2 +
12^
o 360R,+ 15R, + 1920 = 246R,+14,25R, + 1056 + 1056 + 114R, la c6: I = = — = 0,5A ; R,, = = 24n
dm , j 12 ' ' D p z:
^dm ^dm "
« 0 , 7 5 R ^ - 1 9 2 = 0 =i>R2 = 16^
^ ' den sang binh thu'dng nen: Ii = Ij,,, = 0,5A (1)
- Dien lu'Ong do cac tu phong qua R i , R 3 :
^D = Uj,„=12V
Taco: U M D = U M A + UAD I,(Rf,+ R,) 0,5.(24+ R , )
vdi U M A = - U A M = - U D = - 1 2 V ; U A D = E , - I r , Ta lai cd: L = i i ^ ^ l ^ = (2)
R. 144
306 307
B6\g hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Viftt |
E,+ E , C, M k M o t day dong chat, tie't dien khong doi, c6 dien trd R, dUdc uo'n t h i n h
' Mi/c>ng tron va chia thanh ba phiin bhng nhau bdi ba pin. M o i pin c6 sua't dien
R. ( R „ + R , ) |j0ng E va dien trd trong khong dang ke, cac pin m^c cijng chieu. ,
vdi: R^, = ^
h A N
B (jiffa hai d i e m xuyen tarn do'i A, B ngiTcfi ta
a)
bhng day noi khong dien trd mot tu
144.(24+ R,) _ 144.(24+ R|)
(jjen dien dung C. T i n h dien tich cua t u . Ban
144 + 24 + R 168+ R
R, ^ j o tich dien diTdng?
/^
9 + 6 15.(168+ R j ) [,) Thay tu dien bang mot von ke' c6 dien trd
!1 -
144(24-HR^;;^ = 3624+145R, E|, r. Ro.Tinh:
2' ^2
168+R CU'dng do dong dien qua von ke va so' chi B
cua von ke. B
15.(168+ R,) ^ 0 , 5 . ( 2 4 + R,)
V l I = I , + I2 <::>
3624 + 145R 144 Ci/dng do dong dien qua hai nilfa difdng tron
1 va2.
o 362880 + 2 1 6 0 R , = 260928 + 10440R, + 4 3 4 8 8 + 1 8 1 2 R i + 1 7 4 0 R i + 7 2 , 5 R 2
c) Suf dung ket qua cau b tlm lai ket qua cau a (giCfa A va B la l u ) .
o 72,5Rf + 11832Rj - 58464 = 0 =:> R, = 4,8n B a i ^iai
- T i m UPQ: Ta c6: UPQ = Upc- + UCQ, vdi Upc = - U D = - 1 2 V ; UCQ = E , - Ir, a) Dien tich ciia tu
A A
3624+145.4,8 R R
308 309
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t
.u0enJllOi
^ " ' c d N G VA C d N G SUAT CUA NGUON DIEN
-I^R„=2E + I , . | (6) ',11!^!:'^ VA MAY THU DIEN
- Thay (4) vao (5) va (6), ta diWc: osv- ^ X 6 W T A T K I E I N THtrC
1. Cong, cCmg sua't va hieu suat cua nguOn diC'n , ,
-(I.-I,)R„=E-I,.| ^ I , ( R o + | ) - I . R o = E (7)
, C6ng cua nguon dien: A = EIt. : rr,.„ f i e i jAjft ,! <n «
-(I,-ipR„ = -2E + I , . | => l 2 R o - I , ( R o + f ) = - 2 E (8) , Cong sua't cua nguon dien: P = — = E I . .'..in u, J . . i , > ,
2E 6Rn+R li. N H O N G C H U Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P
- Ttiay vao (7), ta di/dc: I2 = — • — (11) - Be giai cac bai tap ve cong, cong sua't, hieu sua't ciia nguon dien va may thu
can chu y:
4E 3Rn+R 2ERf,
Thay (10) v a o ( 6 ) , t a d i r d c : - l y R o = - 2 E + — . " - " + Cac cong thiJc tinh cong, cong sua't, hieu sua't ciia nguon dien va may thu.
R 4Ro+R 4Ro+R
Nhd rang cac dien trd (dien trd, bong den, ban la, bep dien...) cung la may
2E , ^ 2ER„ _ 2E
thu dien: may thu chi tda nhiet.
4R0+R ^ " 4R0+R R + Pho'i hdp vdi cac cong thiJc dinh luat O m da bie't, cac cong thufc ve bo
4+-
Ro •H.' nguon mSc vdi nhau (noi tie'p, song song, hon hdp do'i xiJng...).
c) K h i thay von ke d cau b) bang tu nhiT cau a) thi Uv - > Uc; Ro - > Rc ^ V d i acquy khi phat d i e n thl ddng vai tro la nguon dien; khi nap dien thl
^ ^ R 2 2 ^ang thufc C o - s i nhu'da bie't hoac tarn thiJc bac hai de giai.
^ Vdi bai toan tlm so nguon hoac so den thoa man dieu k i e n cho tru'dc can chu
S la so den hoac so nguon phai nguyen, du'dng nen neu gia tri t i m du'dc khtJng
Ke't qua hoan toan dung nhiT each giai c( cau a).
•Nguyen thl ta chon cac gia tn nguyen Ian can, lap luan va chon gia t n dung-
310 311
Bdi dugng h o c sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu 06ng _Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH K h j n g Vi$t
a) T i n h r. T r o n g m o i t r i r d n g h d p h a y g i a i t h i c h si/ c h t - n h l e c h g i i l a d i e n n a n g t i e u t h u va
gian n a p . N h i e t l i f d n g t o a ra t r e n d o a n m a c h : Q = A = 9 6 0 0 J . , i ;"::>)<
a) T i n h r c) Tru'cfng h d p d o a n m a c h chi^a m o t n g u o n d i e n d a n g p h a t d i e n
CUdng dp dong dien trong nuich: Dien nang ma dong dien cung cap: A = U l t = 8.2.600 = 9 6 0 0 J . u'ji'-
N h i e t lu'dng t o a ra t r e n d o a n m a c h :
U - H
1 = :> R + r -
R + r 1 E--U 12-8
Ta c 6 : 11 = l i - r l => r = =^2n =>Q = rlh = 2 . 2 l 6 0 0 = 4 8 0 0 J .
U 1-; 2,4-2,1 1 2
=> r = -R = - 0 , 1 -0,n5i2
I 2 + 10.3. A c q u y c 6 r = 0 , 0 8 Q . K h i d o n g d i e n q u a a c q u y la 4 A , n o c u n g c a p c h o m a c h
E. 2E
+ Cudng do dong dien trong mach: I , = — = . Matkhac: P = RI^ R= —
;;,-0;.M ' ' ' R + i^ R + 2r v^,^^,^ 3 KV i'/iji^
J 4E^ ' + VdiI = 2 A ^ R = — = IQ.
+ Cong suat mach ngoai: P. = R l f = R. .
(R + 2r)2
314
Boi di/ong hpc sinhji6[_V§t ly 11. t j p 1 - Mguygn Phu 06ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khanq Viet
10.8.a) K h i dien trd mach ngoai ciia mot nguon dien la R, hoac R2 thi cong su- j0,9-a) M ^ c h k i n gom acquy E = 2,2V cung ca'p dien nang cho dien trd mach
mach ngoiii CO ci:ing gia tri. Tinh H, r ciia nguon theo R i , R2 va cong sua't p ngoai R = 0,5Q. Hieu sua't cua acquy H = 65%. Tinh cudng do dong dien
b) Nguon dien tren c6 dien trd mach ngoai R. Khi mic them R, song song R „^ trong mach.
cong suat mach ngoai khong doi. Tinh R,. Khi dien trd mach ngoai thay do'i tir R| - 3Q de'n R: = 10,5Q ihl hieu sua't ciia
l i a i giai acquy tang ga'p d o i . Tinh dien trd trong cua acquy.
Baigiiii ^'^ a^'',:-;:>'i..-' :
a)TinhE,r '-•A^--.-:
Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai: ,« ' ^ ^) CiJ'c'ng do dong dien trong mach
i:- r2 r2
P = R l 2 = R . ^' 't Xa cd: H i e u sua't cua ac quy la: H = = — = 0,65
VR VR VR
V d i R, = R2 thi P , = P2 o
Vay: Cu'dng do dong dien trong mach la I - 2,86A. fr• /^^i. • :.
b) Dien trd trong cua acquy
RI Ii R1E RI
Khi R = R, thi H , = - U - ^ i - i
E E ( R , + r) R, + r •'wc .::y:-': •
Khi R R2 tW H , = =^ . ^2 'Zu'
=> r = 7 R ; R ; va E=(^+-L.)VP=(7R;+7R7)7P , ^ Rj+r Hj Rj R ^ + r
r, ^R,
ol^.^±JL=2o^:^ = i « 2 1 + 7 r = 4 2 . 4 r = . r = 7Q.
Vay: E = (^+7R^)VP ; r= ./R^R^ . 3 10,5+ r 10,5+ r 7
b) Tinh R , Vay: D i e n trd trong cua acquy la r = 7 Q . AUt?
V i cong suat mach ngoai khong ddi nen tiT cau a, ta c6: 10.10. M o t dong c d dien mac vao nguon dien hieu dien the U khong do'i. Cuon
E^ ^ day ciia dpng c d cd dien trd R. K h i dpng cd hoat dpng, cu'dng dp dong dien
chay qua dpng cd la I .
a) Lap bieu thu'c tinh cong sua't hii'u ich cua dpng cd va sua't phan dien xuat hien
X
trong dpng cd.
R+R,
^) Tinh I de cong sua't hiJu ich dat ci/c dai. K h i nay, hieu sua't cua dpng cd la bao
^nhieu?
R R + R, RR, R R + R ^ R^ R " B a i giai
o R 2 R ^ = r 2 R + r2R^ o R , ( R ' - r ^ ) = r ^ R , v d i R > r => R^ = -. Cong sua't c6 ich cua dpng cd: P = U I - RI^. .^^a'!, .
Sua't phan dien ciia dpng cd: U = E + R I => E = U - R I .
Tinh I de cong sua't hCTu ich dat ciTc dai ,
Vay.R, = j f ^ , v d i R > r .
R^-r^ U^R
Cong sua't c6 ich: P = RI^ = R.
316
BBi du9no hgc sinh giAi V$l ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu P6ng
U^R
Theo bat dang thiJc Cosi: (R + r)^ > 4Rr P < c6: PN = R l ' = R-
4Rr 4r (R + r ) ' (VR+-"=)' '
VR
U
Khi R r thi cong suat mach ngoai ciTc dai: P^^,^^ = => 1 = y-j E = const, r = const nen P N = PNCMUIX) khi R -r
4r R +r 2R
song. Tinh R2 de: Vay: De cong sua't mach ngoai c\ic dai thi R 2 = 00 va Pwdnax) = 32W.
a) Cong sua't cua nguon ciTc dai. d) De cong suat tieu thu tren Ri ciTc dai s"iH:r , ,i ' )
b) Cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon ciTc dai. •If ^.-'i
Vay: De cong sua't cua nguon ciTc dai thi R 2 = 0 va Php(niax) = 128W. Vay: De cong sua't tieu thu tren Ri cifc dai thi R 2 = <» va Pi(„,ax) = 32W.
b) De cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon cufc dai ^) De cong sua't tieu thu tren R2 cifc dai
Ta c6: Cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon: Php = rl^ = r- T&co: P 2 = R2I2 = — , v(3iU = R I = 7 - ^ (nhiTcaud).
(R+r)' R. 1+R.
Vi E = const, r = const nen Php = Php^nax) khi R = 0 => R2 = 0.
^8R ^
16^ T+R, 64R
Luc do: P,hp(niax) = 2.- = 128W. (for istiii 2 64
(0 + 2^ P2 = ^ — = ,
^2
R, (i+R2r
(\+RA^ (. 7f^.
^+ •1 ) '^2
Vay: De cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon ciTc dai thi R 2 = 0 va Php(max) = 128W
V'^2
c) De cong sua't mach ngoai ciTc dai
318 11 319
BUI UUBng nui; mim yim ^^gi ly 11 mt) i - mguyen HHU uung Cty TNtiH MTV DWH K h ^ ^ , | M
De P2 = f2„„„, Ihl R: = 1 il (liV bfit dang tlu'fc Co-si). j j j j 3 . Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve, cac
64 •' E, r
Luc do: P2„n.u, = — = 1(,W. ^jgn trd thuan deu c6 gia trj bang R.
v..V. (l-V' , J Tim he thdrc hen he giffa R va r de cong
suS't tieu thu mach ngoai khong ddi khi
Vay: De cong sua't tieu thu tien R^ circ dai thl R; = 1 Q va i\.,„,,,, - i6W. B
jC md va dong.
10.12. Nguon B = i 2V, r = 4il diMc dung de thap sang den 6V - (AV.
E = 24V. Tinh UAB khi: ,
a) ChOrng minh rhng den khong sang binh ihu'dng.
b) De den sang binh thiTdng, phai mac IhC'in vao mach mot dien tic) K^. Tinh ^ Kdong. ' ' >l -C3- i
va cong sua't tieu thu cua R^.
' B a i giai
Hai ^lai
3) He thilc lien he giOra R va r
V] 6'
Ta c6: + Dien trd cua den: R , = = — = 6Q Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P = RI^ = R-
6
dm
p ^
+ Cudng dp dong dien djnh muTc cua den: Ij^j^ = — ^ = — = i A . , KhiKmd:
a) ChiVng minh den khong sang binh thu'cJng R 2R 5
+ Dien trd tiTdng diTdng mach ngoai: R, = R+ R+2R
' = 3- R .
E 12 \9 =•
Ta c6: CuTdng dp dong dien qua den: I = = = 1,2A
Rj+r 6+4
+ Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P. =
Vi I > I,i,„ nen den khong sang binh thUdng.
b) Tinh Rx va cong sua't tieu thu cua R^
- Khi K dong: E,r
- Neu mac them R, noi tiep vdi den, de den sang binh thufdng tW:
+ Dien trd tu'dng dUdng mach ngoai: h-
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua den: I = = Id,,,
1^
R.(R+~) , rCZh
= 0,6R R
= > R , = - ^ - ( R , + r ) = ^ - ( 6 + 4) = 2Q R 2,5
R+R+ -
2 R
+ Cong sua't tieu thu cua R,: Px = Rxl' = 2.1^ = 2W.
- Neu mac them R, song song vdi dea, de den sang binh thu'dng thi: Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P, =
+ Hieu dien the hai dau R^: = U,, = 6V.
E-U. 12-6
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach: I = = = 1,5A.
VlP, = P j « ( ^ ^ + ' f = ( ^ + ' f oR^ +ll+2r = R2+—+2r
r 4
+ Cirdng dp d6ng dien qua R^: I2 = I - Idm = 1,5 - J = 0,5A.
R, - R
U. 6 R, - R 2 = r^(-^^r^) o r^ = RjR^ = | R . 0 , 6 R = R^ => r = R.
+ DientrdRx:R = —^ = — = 12Q. R,R2
" K 0,5 p y : De cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai khong do'i khi K md va d6ng tW r = R.
+ Cong sua't ti6u thu tren R,: P^ = R = 12.0,5^ = 3W.
320
Bfii dLfflng hpc sinh gidi V$t ly 11, tjip 1 - NguySn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vist
10.15. Cho mach dien nhu" hlnh ve: cac den c6 1576
= 1576
4
•n r
CLing dien trd R, nguon c6 r = J ^ ^ - Cong
Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai:
(h
E, r
suat tieu thu cua den 6 la 6W. (X) '(X)
Tinh cong suat tieu thu cua mach ngoai, i = UI= \ = 165P^ = 165.6 = 990W
R
cong suat va hieu suat cua nguon.
P P
Bai giai Cong sua't cua nguon: P' = E I = E.15^ = 1 5 ^ / 6 . - ^ = 15N/6.15V6 = 1350W
R
Ta c6: Mach dien dU'dc ve lai nhu'sau: ..CiKt.i:: tilt
Hieu sua't cua nguon: H = — = = 0,733 - 73,3% .
I ' • P 1350
MxWx>-(x Vay: Cong suat tieu thu mach ngoai la P = 900W; cong sua't cua nguon la P'
4
= 1350W; hieu suii't cua nguon la H = 73,3%.
10.16. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve,
I4
E = 9V, r = IQ, bien trd M N c6
-(x>
dien trd toan phan R = lOQ, dien A
E, r
trdR, = IQ, RA = 0,Rvra'tldn.
a) p i C d chinh gii?a bien trd, tinh so chi
tren v6n-ke va ampe ke.
- Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 6: = Rr^ => - \
b) Dinh vi tri C de cong sua't tieu thu trong toan bien trd la Idn nhat. Tinh cong
sua't nay.
- Hieu dien the 2 dau C D : Uco = ISR^T = j^'^R = S^/RPS • liai giiii
Dien trd tu'dng du'dng mach ngoai:
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den 4: = = — - = 3 j - ^.
R. R R
x + 10-x 10
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den 2: I 2 = I4+I5 =^^^"^^^ "^J'jf ' Cirdng do dong dien trong mach chinh: I =
R+r
- Hieu dien the 2 dau AB: So chi cua von ke' va ampe ke': Khi C d chinh giiJa:
RE
p = Rr = (R+r)^
P = R'I^ =
i ^ ^ ' f (Ti^-f)^
VR' VR VR VR
^ P = P,„,„ c> R' = R , + r = 1 + I= 2Q. Vi E = const, r = const nen P = Pn,ax khi R = r.
va P = 10,125W hay R , + 22.8
+!
= 4 =:> R = 2,4^ .
'max
11 I.
Vay: De cong toa nhiet d mach ngoai Idn nha't thi R^ = 2,4 Q. '
^) So chi cua ampe ke
Luc do: R' = =2 o - lOx + 20 = 0 = > x, = 7,24Q; X2 = 2,76Q, Dien trd tu'cfng dUdng mach ADB: :
Vay: Vi iri cua C de cong sua't tren bien trd Idn nha't la
xi = 7,24Q hoac X2 = 2,76Q va P,„„ = 10,125W. R = At +R = 58,4 = 60i^
10.17.a)Neu Ian lu'dt mac dien trd R| = 2Q va R2 = 8 Q vao mot nguon dien mot ^ADB R^+R^ 3 2 + 8
chieu CO suat dien dong E va dien trd trong r thi cong suaft toa nhiet tren cac
Dign trd tu"dng dU'dng mach ngoai:
dien trd la nhiT nhau. Hay tinh dien trd trong cua nguon.
b) Ngu'di ta mac song song Ri va R2 roi P,R= ^ ^ - ^ A D B , 60.60 ^ 3 Q ^
D
mac no'i tiep chung vdi dien trd R^
de tao thanh mach ngoai cua nguon
X ± R3 R,
• R4+RADB
Cifdng
Cifdng do
dp dong
dong dien
60 + 60
dien qua
qua mach
ampe chinh:
ke: U =I I=- RIi-+ r 30 +
68
4
= 2A,
dien tren. Hoi R^ bang bao nhieu thi
A
E, r
X => UAB = E - rl = 6 8 - 4.2 = 6 0 V
cong suat toa nhiet d mach ngoai la
Idn nha't? Cirdng do dong dien qua R3: I3 = = 7^ = •
c) Bay gid ta lai ma'c nguon dien tren va Ri, R2 vao mach dien nhiT hinh ve, RAB 60
Trong do R3 = 38,4Q, R4 = 60Q, ampe ke A c6 dien trd khong ddng ke. Hoi Hieudienthe'2dauR,: U, = I3R12 = 1.1,6= 1,6V.
ampe ke' chi bao nhieu, bie't rhng suat dien dong cua nguon dien E = 68V.
Cirdng do dong dien qua Ri: I, = — = -^^^ = 0 , 8 A . ^ 'if.
150.80
20 + 80
R, = 80i^ => U , =150.5 = 120V
= 30V
Eb = 2E; Fb = r i + r2 nen: . " Vay: Hieu dien the djnh mu'c cua den la 120V hoac 30V.
p (2E)^ ^ 4E^ ^ 4 ^ 4 j,) Tim Rb de hai den sang binh thirdng
4(r,+r2) 4(r,+r2) 4r, 4r2 1 Vdi den c6 U, = 120V; R,, = 80Q: De den sang binh thiTdng:
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den: Ij = 180 = 1,5A.
U 120
""^ 20 + 30 + Cu'dng do dong dien qua bie'n trd: I = lb = 2.1,5 = 3A.
b) TriTdng hcJp 2 acquy mac song song: Khi 2 acquy mac song song: ; E = ,3 0 150
o 1= =3 R,=8Q.
F
bb -- bF, Fb
r =- '•''•2
nen: R, + -^-'^+r Rb+40 + 2
" 2
(E)' E'(r,+ r,) E^ , Vdi den c6 U, = 30V; Rd = 5Q: De den sang binh thiTdng:
P
ii\ax 4( ^'^2 4r,r2
— + — = P, + P, = 20 + 30 = SOW P 180
) 4r, 4r.,
+ CiTdng do dong dien qua den: I . = - - = ——= oA
Vay: Khi 2 acquy mac noi tiep thi P,„ax = 48W; khi 2 acquy mac song song thi
j+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua bien trd:150
I = lb = 2.6 = 12A. , 0 !(i (,.< [ • ^
P,„„x = 50W. o 1= = 12 = 12 =>Rb = 8 ^
Mach dien gom mot nguon E = i50V, r = 2Q, mot den D c6 cong suat R. R^+2,5 + 2
10.19. Rh + + r
dinh miJc P = 1 SOW va mot bien trd Rb mac noi tiep nhau. Vay: De 2 den
a) Khi Rb = i8Q thl den sang binh thu^dng. Tim hieu dien the dinh muTc cua den. ^ sang
2 binh thiTdng thi Rb = 8Q., aph " s i j i^tfnrdniT
c) So nguon toi da c6 the th^p sang
b) Mac song song vdi den D mot den giong no. Tim Rb de hai den sang binh thirdng
c) Vdti nguon tren, c6 the thap sang toi da bao nhieu den giong nhifD. Hieu suai - Vdi loai den c6 = 120V; Rd = 80fi: Goi n la so den toi da c6 the thap sang
cua nguon l<.hi do la bao nhieu? binh thu'dng. VI cac den sang binh thudng nen: j |
Bai giai ' T P 180 , ^ . A.
+ Cu'dng dp dong dien qua moi den: ~ "[J ~ ~ ' X
a) Hieu dien the dinh mu'c cua den + Cu'dng dp dong dien qua bie'n trd: I = nid = 1,5n. , 1 i -
Cudng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
1 =
E ]50 150 o 1= = l,5n o E = l,5nRb+ l,5Rd+ l,5nr
..pi.)
R,+ R,+ r i8 + 2 + Rj ^O + Rj ft60 KMii v m n >«.':>
E-1,5R,
Hieu dien the dinh mu'c cua den: U^i - lR,i = 20+ R, => n = l,5(Rb+r) => n = ni„ax khi Rb = 0.
P 180
Matkhac: U . = - = — . ( 2 0 + R . ) = 1.2(20 + R . ) ' 150-1.5.80 = 0,8 = 80%
I 150 '
1,5.2
« 150Rj = 1,2(20+ R J ^ o 150R. =480 + 48R,+ 1,2R^ Vay: So'den to'i da loai Ud= 120V; Rd = 80Q la 10 va hieu suat cua nguon luc
36 la H = 80%. ; = io<ai„,=>H=Hi =i l|
329
328
- Vdi loai den c6 Va = 30V; R,, = 5Q: Goi n la so den toi da c6 the th^lp Iiay (3) vao (1): U, + 2U| = E - Ir
binh thiTdng. V i cac den sang binh thir&ng nen: ^ ,3U, = E - I r (4)
P 180 ^£f(3),tac6:2U, = E - r r (5)
-, •! + CiTdng do dong dien qua moi den: •'d ~ " j j ~ ~ • j^atkhac: I = l 3 = I i + I2 = 2I, (6)
+ Ci/cfng do dong dien qua bien trd: I = nl,, = 6n. ^
I ' = l3 + I> = l 3 + y = (7)
E 1' \
» 1= = 6n o E = 6nRb + 6R<i + 6nr
i Thay (6) vao (4) va thay (7) vao (5), ta dufdc:
3U, ^E-V 3Ui+l3r = E = 30 , , f
3K
=> n = n = n,„„x khi Rb - 0. 2U, + - I , r = E = 30 :)''''>^:'^u
6(Rh+r) 2U.=E-^.r
U, = 6 V v a l 3 r = 12V W ,^f'
va n„.„, = 119:^ = 10 (den) => H = - = — = 0,2 = 20%
6.2 E 150 -:^U2 = U , = 6 V ; U 3 = 2U, = 12V.
Vay: So den toi da loai U<, = 30V; R j = 5 f i l a 10 va hieu suat cua nguon luc E)e' biet mic theo each nao idi hdn, ta du^a vao hieu suat cua tiTng each m^c.
do la H = 20%.
10.20. Nguon E = 30V, dien trd trong r dung de th^p sang dong thcJi hai den D,,
D2 giong nhau va den D 3 . De ca 3 den sdng binh thiTcJng, c6 the m^c: Vay: Hieu dien the dinh mCire cua moi den la U, = U2 = 6V, U 3 = 12V va each
- (D,//D2)ntD3. mSe thiir 1 (hinh a) Idi hdn. _
- (DintD2)//D3. b) Cdc gia tri djnh muTc cua den va dien trd trong cua nguon
a) Tinh hieu dien the' dinh mifc moi den. Cho biet each mic nao c6 Idi hdn. P _ 6 0 ^ . _ rT _ I
mu each 1 c6 P = 60W thi I = - = ^ = 2A ^ I3 = 2A, I , = I2 = ^ = 1 A.
b) Mot trong hai each ma'e tren, eong suat cua nguon la P = 60W. Tinh eac gia E ~ 30
E 30 • ^
tri djnh miJc cua den va dien trd trong cua nguon. . P, = U i l , = 6.1 = 6W D,: 6V - 6W.
Bai giai P2 = U2I2 = 6.1 = 6W =^ D2: 6V - 6W.
I'l
P3 = U 3 l 3 = 12.2 = 2 4 W = ^ D 3 : 1 2 V - 2 4 Wr. ' '< ^ ^'
P 60 '
~ Ne'ucaeh2e6P = 60Wthi I ' = - = — = 2 A
r E 30
E,r
Hinha Hinhb
Theo (7): I ' = l l , =013 = | l ' = f = => I , = I3 = I ' - 1 3 = 2 - | = f A .
a) Hieu dien the' djnh mile moi den
Gpi U , , U2, U 3 la hieu dien the dinh miife eiia cdc den; I , , I2, I3 la ddng die"
f = > Pi = U , I , = 6 . | = 4 W r > D , : 6 V - 4 W v a D 2 : 6 V - 4 W . ,
dinh mtfc cua cde den.
- Tif each miCc 1 suy ra: U | = U2; tiJeach m^c 2 suy ra: 1] = I2. P3 = U3I3 = 1 2 . - = 16W => D 3 : 12V - 16W va r = ^ = Y = 9".
- V i cac d^n sang binh thi/dng nen ta c6: --s 3 ^3 2
+ Hinha:U,+ U3 = E - I r (1)
U Hinhb: U , + U 2 = U 3 = E - I r (2) Vay: Vdi each m^c 1 thi D „ D2: 6V-6W, D 3 : 12V-24W, r = 6 Q ; vdi cdch
- Tir (2) suy ra: 2U, = U3 = E - I'r (3) m^c 2 thi D „ D2: 6V-4W, D 3 : 12V-16W, r = 9 Q .
331
330
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - IMguyin Phil D6ng
10.21. Nguon E = 24V, r = 2Q dung de thap sang dong thdi ba den: Di(6V-3W)
D2(6V-6W), D3(6V-9W). Cac den sang binh thiTdng nhcJ m^c them mot die^
trd R vao mach. B R
A
a) Ve ta't ca cac scf do c6 the c6 va tinh R trong moi sd do. •
D2 R
b) Sd do nao CO hieu suat Idn nhat? Tinh hieu suat nay. ^i t
E,r E,r
Ta c6: 1,.,,,, = = | = 0,5A;
Ki) I,) Tinh hieu sua't
Hinh c Hinhd
T _ ^2diii _ 6 _ , . . 1, B R
mm - — 2dm - — - i^,
D Ta c6: Hieu suat: H = — , trong do: U la hieu dien the giOra hai cifc cua nguon.
P3
o
l3d„.= ; ? ^ = 7 = l,5A. V1 E = 24V = const nen H = H„„x khi U = Un^x-
Vi
0 U, + U , + UR 6 + 6+1,5.6 _
I Cach 3 CO hieu suat Idn nhat la: H = g = — = 0,875
=>
E,r
U i d m = Uadm = Uadii, = 6V. Chu y: Vdi each tinh tren thi ta xem cong cua dong dien san ra d mach ngoai la
Hinh a
Cach 1 (hinh a): [(D, // D 2 // D,) nt R]. Hldng CO ich, tiJc la bao ham ca cong san ra tren dien trd R. Neu chi xem cong
•.rtofl is (Ifsfrf; I i ' .
Ta c6: I = I , + I . + I3 = 0,5 + 1 + 1,5 = 3A. D,
san ra tren cac bong den la c6 ich thi:
UAB = E - I(R + r) 6 = 24 - 3(R + 2) •P^ .V, ,,. E 24
=>R = 4Q. r mi. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: E = 28V, r = 2Q, den D,: 6V-3W, den D2:
Cach 2 (hinh b): [(D, // D 2 // D3) // R]. 12V-12W,denD3: I2V-3W,Rbla bientrd. .,
Ta c6: UAB - Ir 6 = 24 -1-2 P3
= E a) Co the dieu chinh bie'n trd de ba
4-
I = 9A. den sang binh thiTdng khong? Vi
IR = I - ( I , + 12 + 13) = 9 - 3 = 6A sao? '•-••••v;::'':,}M
R
^) Ma'c them R| vao mach. Tim gia 1
[ -B
tri Rb, vi tri va gia tri Ri de cdc " ^
R„
' , i.^ ,^.,„A?>. den sang binh thi/dng. ;
Hinh b
c) Ba den va dien trd R2 c6 the mac theo cdch khac vao AB de cac den sang
Cach 3 (hinh c): [(D, // D 2 ) nt D 3 nt R ] .
binh thudng. Tun Rb, vi tri va gia tri R2. So sanh hieu suaft ciia hai each mic.
Ta c6: 1 = 13= 1,5A; UAB = U , + U3 = 6 + 6 = 12V.
B a i giai
Mat khac: UAB = E - I ( R + r) D,
=> 12 = 24 - 1,5(R + 2) =^ R = 6Q. ^) Ba den c6 the sang binh thi/dng khong?
U, 6
^ R, = = 8^
I, 0,75
V i R, = const nen P = P,™, khi I,, ' ' ' ~ Mat khac: P„ = UnI = ( E - I r ) I = ( 1 2 - 2 1 ) 1 = 121-21^ (2)
T i r ( l ) va (2): 3mn = 121-21^ (3) ,wr.„„
- Ta c6: I . = — (I la dong dien qua mach chinh, la dong dien qua m o i den)
Ma: I = mld = m ^j,^^^. (4)
m
Thay (4) vao (3) ta diTdc:
M a t khac: 1 = , ( R w = ^ ) 12-3n
m ^'Tin= 1 2 m - 2 m ^ < = > 2 m = 1 2 - 3 n m =
E E
n 1 2 3
m
+ r
R^n + mr
b) Cong sua't va hieu suat cua nguon Vay: D e cong sua't tieu hao cua moi nguon nho nha't thi phai m^c nguon
thanh 12 day va: ; j jj
- V d i m = 1 2 = > P = E I = 24.12 = 288W va H = - = — = 0 , 2 5 = 2 5 % .
E 24 P,nin =3.( ' f = 1,2.10'-^W = 0,0012W
12^+6
- V d i m = 4 ^ P = E I = 24.4 = 96W va H = - = — = 0,75 = 7 5 % .
10.28. Cac nguon giong nhau, moi nguon Eo = 1,5V, ro = 1,5Q mic thanh bo doi
E 24
^xu-ng thap sang binh thUdng den 12V - 18W.
Vay: Cong sua't va hieu sua't ciia nguon la 288W; 25% hoSc 96W; 75%.
1m each mdc nguon.
10.27. Co 12 nguon, moi nguon Eo = 1,5V, ro = 3Q. Cac nguon m^c thanh bo
^) Cach mac nao c6 so nguon it nha't. Tinh cong sua't va hieu sua't moi nguon luc
nguon doi xiirng roi noi vdi dien trd R = 6Q.
ido.
a) T i m each mdc nguon de cong sua't tieu thu cua R Idn nha't. Tinh cong sua'l XA)
b) T i m each mdc de cong sua't tieu hao cua moi nguon nho nha't. Tinh cong suat n ' ' ' B a i giai
Goi m la so' day, n la so' nguon tren moi day, ta c6: mn = 12. l,5n
va Eb = nEo= l , 5 n ; r b = =
- c 1 c nr^ 3n m m
• va Eb = nEo = 1,5n; tb = — = — .
m m
12^
a) Cdch in^c nguon de cong sua't tieu thu cua R Idn nha't ^ B i e n trd cua den: Ra = = — = 8Q.
8
E. in _ 1,5nm
'~ Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach c'.inh: I =
R + r, 3n ~ 6m + 3n Cirdng do dong dien dinh mufc cua den: Id = = ^ = 1,5A
6 +
m
338 339
B6i duSng hpc sinh gidi V$t ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu S6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi«t
3 24
]f. 0.{2 )+ - ^ . Xi , if ,
pe P = Pnmx thi (m+ — ) „,in <=> m = 6 (diTa vao bat dang thOfc C o - s i ) .
2-1 2-1
90'
'.< m M m Luc do: n = l O v a P = P,,,,,^ = = 56,25W. lUu Vi)b
va Eb = nE = l,5n; Fb = — = .
mile song song
m m • m ,„, , d p i n la so' nguon can mac noi tiep, ta c6: Eb = ne = 4,5n; rb = nr = 3n.
Ci/cJng dp d6ng dien qua mach chinh:
Cu-dng do dong dien qua den: I = =r — = 0,5 A .
1= ^ l,5n ^ l,5mn ^ 90 _ 90m _ 90_
Uj,„ 120 dnul^uu
R + r, j ^ O ^ m + 0,6n^ " ^ , 0.6.60 " m ^ + 3 6 " ^ ,
Cudng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: 1 = 2I.t = 2.0,5 = 1 A . , •
m m m
Hieu dien the 2 dau cua den: U , = Eb - fbl o l 2 0 = 4,5n - 3n = l,5n => n = 80
341
Bfii du3ng hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu Dflng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vigt
Vay: Can 80 nguon mac noi liep de thap sang binh thU'dng hai den tren.bjs^ Vi T i la so' nguyen nen (6n - 4) phai la vide so' cua 4 n = 1 va m = 3.
do mac nguon de dong dien qua day Idn hdn 1A Yay: Co 3 nguon mac noi liepnhau. ^ , ,, , . , ,
Goi m la so day, n la so nguon tren moi day, ta c6: mn = 60 (m, n s N*). Q32- BO nguon gom m day, moi day 5 acquy loai 2V-0,8Q. Mach ngoai la
nr 3n l,6ng den 2V-25W va dien trd R mSc song song.
va Eb = ne = 4,5n; rb =
m m f i m gia tri nho nhat cua m va gia trj R tirdng uTng de den sang binh thiTdng.
Bai ^iai
Dien trcTcua day dan: R = p -!_ = 1,26.10"^.
S 0,1.10 -6 5.0,8 4
Tac6:Eb = 5.2= 10V;rb:
Cu'dng do dong dien qua day dan: m m
270 p 25 VW^*^
4,5n 4,5m.n Ci/cJng do d5ng dien qua den: I^i = — — = — = 12,5 A. ,
R + r^ 25 2 + ' ^ " 25,2m+ 3n 25,2m + 3n
m U2 ^2
- Ta c6: I„ = = ^4 ^ ^ 6;^ ^ ^ 4
U .(till
.. 6 P,.,, 24 Vay: De den sang binh thu'dng thl gia trj nho nha't ciia m la 7 va R = - Q .
dm
10.33. Co 32 pin giong nhau, moi pin e = 1,5V, r„ = 1,5Q mac thanh bo va thSp sang
Gpi m la so'day, n la so'nguon tren moi day, ta c6:
binh thU'dng 12 den loai 1,5V - 0,75W mac noi tiep. Tim sd do mac bo nguon.
mr _ m
Eb - mE = 6m; rb = Bai |>iai ,
n n
Goi m la so' day, n la so' nguon tren moi day, la c6: mn = 32. ;
E. 6m
- Mat khac: I = — ^ - vaEb = n e = l , 5 n ; r b = ^ = - ^
m m m j ,
1,5 +
- De den sang binh thi/dng thi I = Ij = 4A. Cirdng do dong dien qua den: I , = = ^ = 0,5 A.
H i e u d i e n t h e ' 2 d a u c u a bo n g u o n : U = E h - r b l
• p i e n trcf c u a d e n : R^i = =:4Q.
<=> 1 2 . 1 , 5 = l , 5 n - — . 0 , 5 c i > 1 8 m = 1,5m.n - 0 , 7 5 n dm
G p i m la so d a y , n la so d e n t r e n m o i d a y . ta c 6 :
, o l8m + 0,75n-48 = 0 o 18m + 0,75 — - 4 8 = 0 ' ' + H i e u d i e n the' 2 d a u bo d e n : U = n.4 = 4 n .
+ Ci/dng d o d o n g d i e n qua b p d e n : I = I . m = m .
o 1 8 m ' - 4 8 m + 24 = 0 m = 2; m = - (loai). 4n
+ D i e n t r d tifcfng du'dng c u a b o d e n : R = — .
V a y : P h a i m ^ c n g u o n t h a n h 2 d a y , m 6 i d a y 16 p i n . ' " m
10.34. C o n a c q u y (e = 8 V , r,, = 2 Q ) ma'c t h a n h y d a y s o n g s o n g , m o i d a y x q , - - i , U = Eb - Tbl <=> 4 n = 32 - 8 m c:> n = 8 - 2 m .
no'i tic'p. V i m , n n g u y e n du'dng n e n (8 - 2 m ) > 0 => m < 4.
m 1 2 3
a) M a c h n g o a i la R = 2 Q n o i t i e p \ d i dc-n I 2 V - 2 4 W . T i n h so a c q u y it nhat v.
n 6 4 2
e a c h m a c de d e n s a n g b l n h thu'etng.
N - mn 6 8 6
b) M a c h n g o a i la cac d e n 4 V - - 4 W , bo a c q u y m a c n h u - c a u a. T i m so d e n toi da
V a y : So d e n to'i da la 8 va du'dc m a c t h i i n h 2 d a y , m o i d a y 4 dbn.
va e a c h m d c d e c h u n g s a n g b i n h thu-dns:. . -
10.35. C o m o t so d e n 3 V - 3 W va m o t so n g u o n e = 4 V , TQ = I Q .
M IJai iiiai
a) C h o 8 d e n , t i m so n g u o n it nhat va e a c h m a c d e n , n g u o n d e d e n s a n g b i n h
T a c o : Eb = x e = 8 x ; rb = — = —; v d i x y - n : l o n g so a c q u y . # thu-dng. C a c h n a o c6 I d i nhd't?
y y b) C h o 15 n g u o n , t i m so' d e n n h i e u nhat va e a c h m a c d e n , n g u o n d e d e n s a n g
C i r d n g d o d o n g d i e n q u a d e n : I,, = — ^ = — = 2 A.
a) So n g u o n it nha't va e a c h mc^c d e n , n g u o n de d e n s a n g b l n h thu'dng
<- • • 7 • i'. %
G o i X la so d a y , y la so d e n t r e n m o i d a y : x y = 8; g p i m la so d a y , n la so
19-
D i e n trd cua d e n : R , , = = 1 ^ ^ 6Q . nguon tren m o i day: mn = k.
P 24
' dill
P 3
Cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n t r o n g m a c h c h i n h : .H Cu'dng d p d o n g d i e n d j n h m i l e c u a d e n : = — ^ = - = 1 A.
U dm
t^h 8x 8x , 2x ^ 2
Cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n t r o n g m a c h : I = xl^t = x.
~ VT^ ^ T~ = = o4x = 8+— =^ x = 2 + — -
i ^^^^^'^ 2+6+-^ 8 + 2^ y 2y-l n.r n
H i e u d i e n t h e h a i d a u b o d e n : U = y U t = 3y va Eb = ne = 4 n ; rb = — = —
y y m m
V i X la so n g u y e n n e n { 2 y - l ) la iTdc so c u a 2: , U;.
'2y - 1 = 1 Ta c 6 : Eb = U + rbl o 4 n = 3y + — . x <=> 4 m n = 3 m y + nx
^ 2 y - l = 2 "^^"''^"'"^^^''•'^ 1:Vi:
m
b) So d e n t o i da va e a c h m d c de c h i i n g sang b l n h thu'dng
X 1 2 4 8
Cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n c u a d e n : I,, = — ^ = - = ] A y 8 4 2 1
n 12 6 3 /
, ,,,, ,, „. , ,,, ,, tr«h i'lffi f.)",' o j .
m 0,5 1 2 /
344 ' • • 345
Bdi duang hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
,. Nguon
1 cong sua't khong doi P = 12kW, dien trd trong r = 2Q cung ca'p dien
Vi n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la iTdc so cua 45.
m ^ho mot so den giong nhau 120V - 50W mac song song, dien trd diTcJng day
, 2 tai la 4 n .
6 45 15 9 5 3
m §6 den la bao nhieu de cong sua't tieu thu moi den chenh lech khong qua 4%
m / / / 2 / c6ng sua't dinh mu'c.
n / / / 15 / Vdi so' den tren, sua't dien dpng cua nguon thay do'i trong khoang nao ?
Bai giai
90
TrUdng hdp 4:x = l , y = 6=> n =
Gpi m la so'den mac song song. '-^ "
6-1 Ta c6: Cong sua't cua nguon bhng tdng cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai va
m
cong sua't hao phi d trong nguon: ^> . i 1, • ^
VI n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la iTdc so cua 90. P„ = mP, + IXR + r) (1) ; .^.j
m .
6.-L 90 45 30 18 15 9 6 3 2
vdi: I = m l , i ^ P„ = m P . + m ^ - ^ ( R + r) o 12000 = m P . + m ^ - ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^
m ., , . 288
m / / / / / / / / /
^.m^+Pj.m-12000 = 0 (2)
n / / / / / / / / /
h cong suat tieu thu ciia moi den chenh lech khong qua 4%> cong sua't dinh
+ Cach 1: Mac 6 day, moi day 1 den; mdc 6 day, moi day 3 nguon. mure nen:-(50-0,04.50) < Pj < (50 + 0,04.50) o 48 < < 52
+ Cach 2: MSc 6 day, moi day 1 den; mac 2 day, moi day 5 nguon. + Thay P,, = 48Wvao (2), tadu'dc:m^ + 4 8 m - 1 2 0 0 0 = 0
+ Cach 3: Mac 3 day, moi day 1 den; mSc 3 day, moi day 6 nguon. => mi = 88,14; m2 =-136,14 < 0 ( l o a i )
+ Cach 4: Mac 3 day, moi day 2 den; mdc 1 day, moi day 10 nguon.
+ Cach 5: Mdc 2 day, moi day 3 den; mic 2 day, moi day 15 nguon. + Thay P., = 52W vao (2), ta diTdc: ^ + 52m - 12000 = 0
TCf ket qua tren ta thay: Cach 2 va each 4 su" dung it nguon nha't la 10 nguon.
I m; = 83,9; m^ =-131,9 < 0 ( l o a i ) >| • A1 =
Tinh hieu suat: Ta c6: H = - = ^ . H => 83,9 < m < 88,14
E )2n
% m nguyen nen m = 84, 85, 86, 87, 88. ' ' '
30.1
+ Cach 1: Hj = = 0,83 = 83%. Vay: De cong sua't tieu thu moi den chenh lech khong qud 4% cong sua't dinh
12.3
mu'c thi m = 84, 85, 86, 87, 88.
30.1
+ Cach 2: = = 0,5 = 50%. ^) Sua't dien dong cua nguon thay ddi trong khoang n^o? ^•
12.5
+ Cach 3: H 3 =
30.2
= 0,67 = 67%. Ta c6: P„g = E I = ^ E = ^VV^, vdi RN = R + ^ . '
15.6
30.2 288
+ Cach 4: = = 0,4 = 40%. 1 2 0 0 0 . ( 4 + ^ + 2 ) « 336,4V.
15.10 ^^ydim = 8 4 = : > R ^ = 4 + — = : > E = ^
30.3 288
+ Cach 5: = = 0,4 = 40%. -^dx m = 88 R . = 4 + ^ =^ E = , 12000.(4 + ^ + 2) « 333.6 V.
15.15 Tl. 88 V 88 '
Vay: Cach c6 hieu sua't cao nhat la each 1. ^Viy : Sua't dien dong ciia ngu6n thay ddi trong khoang: 333,6V < E < 336,4V .
I 349
10.38. Dung mot acquy Ian lu'dt Ihip sang cho hai den D|, D2 c6 cting cong s^, p, „ p;
dinh mUc. K h i dung den D i , cong suat cua acquy la P| = 6 W ; k h i diing ,3^ K h i do: P„„x = —
4r , v d i E = - L P„.^^ = 4 l f r
D2, cong sua't cua acquy la P2 = 4W. Trong ca hai truTdng hdp den deu
g2
binh thiTcJng. , „ , . . , „ ! , ,,,, i„. , ' ^ TCr (4) d cau a, ta c6: i f r = P, - Pd = 6 - 2,4 = 3,6W P„„, = - _ = 2,5W
4.3,6
a) T u n cong suat dinh rniJc m o i den.
Vay: Cong suat Ictn nhat ma acquy c6 the cung ca'p cho mach ngoai la Pn^ix = 2,5W
b) T i m cong sua't Idn nha't ma acquy c6 the cung cap cho mach ngoai.
10.39. Cho mach dien nhiThinh v e : r i = r2 = 0.
B a i giai
Khi khong c6 nguon E2 (R2 song song R 3 )
, G p i R|, R2 Ian lufdt la dien trd cua den 1 va den 2; I|, I2 Ian liTdt la dong dj^^^
cong sua't nguon E| la 55W. Con khi khong
ji^y dinh mufc cua den 1 va den 2; r la dien trd trong cua acquy.
CO nguon Ei (Ri song song R 3 ) thi cong sua't
- T a c o : P, = P,, + i f r (1)
nguon E2 la 176W. B i c t R2 = 2R,, R,, = SR,.
P2 = P d + I ^ r (2)
H o i khi CO ca hai nguon thi cong sua't nhiet
tren toan mach la bao nhieu? cong suat
- M a t k h a c : I^R, = I^R2 ^ll=l^^^.
R2 may phat la bao nhieu? So sanh gia tri hai
cong sua't nay va giai thich tai sao chung
- Thay vao (2), ta dMc: P. = Pd + i f r . — i - (3) bang nhau (hoac khac nhau).
R2
Bai giai
- T i r ( l ) s u y r a : i f r = P, - Pd (4)
^ ^ i ^ i khong CO nguon E2, mach ngoai gom [ R | nt (R2 // R 3 ) ] : Cong sua't nguon Ei
• o 4 = Pd + ( 6 - P d ) | ^ o 4 = Pd + 6 - ^ - P d : ^ : ^ P d = E1
=>P, = =_ 55 (1)
2,2R,
R2 khong CO nguon E,, mach ngoai g o m [R, nt (R2 // R 3 ) ] : Cong sua't nguon E2
de 11:
DONG DIEN TRONG C A C M 6 | TRl/dNG
I -ILlB (6) r
' ~ R3
. fdn T A T K I E N THCTC ^
Cong suat cua may phat: P2 = E2I2 = 2 E , . — = — = —.121 = 1l o w . 3. Djnh luSt Faraday: Kh6'i lU'dng cua chS't thodt ra cl didn ciTc dUdc xdc
1 R, 11 R, 11 1 A
Ta thay I , < 0 nen phai doi chieu dong I , , vay nguon E , \h mdy thu, E2 \k may dinh b^ng cong thuTc: m = — . — . I t
I
F n
phdt. Do do 2 gia trj cong suat nay khac nhau.
(F = 96500 C/mol Id h^ng so Faraday; A, n Id nguyen tuf khdi vd h6a tri
Vay: Khi c6 ca hai nguon thi cong sua't nhiet tren toan mach la P = 99W;
ua cha't thodt ra; I , t la. cirdng do dong dien vd thdi gian ddng di?n qua
cong sua't may phat la P2 = 1 l o w .
H ifong
chatdi$n
dientror;^
phan).chat ban d§n
I' Ban d§n tinh khiS't: Dong dien trong chat bdn dan tinh khiet la ddng
chuyen dcfi c6 hu'dng cija cdc electron ngi/dc chieu dien tru'dng va cac lo
trong cung chieu dien truing. p,?}?; 'i- ? ;
^53
B6i du9ng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11. t§p 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
Bai giai
2. B a n d a n t a p c h a t :
Gpi: m la khoi lutJng k i m l o a i , V la thi tich khoi k i m l o a i , i
- Ban dSn loai n: Trong ban dan loai n, elecron la hat tai dien chu yeu
i|p la khoi li/dng rieng cua k i m l o a i . \
16 trong la hat tai dien khong chu ye'u (ne » n+).
la nguyen tiir lu'dng cua k i m loai, ^ i' ' ' . '
- B i n dan loai p: Trong ban dan loai p, lo trong la hat tai dien chii ye'u
la so' electron tu" do chila trong khoi k i m loai.
elecron la hat tai dien khong chu yeu ( n + » He). < jjit^!*
N ' . :
- Cac dung cu ban dan thu'dng gap la diot ban dan va tranzito. I^at do electron tif do trong k i m l o a i : UQ = — . ^l/ri - r
B . NHONG C H U Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P
/. Khi ^idi cac bdi tap ve dong di^n tr()nf> kim loai can chii y cac he thi?c VI moi nguyen tuf k i m loai giai phong n electron t\i do nen: N = n . N . —
chuyen dong c6 hU'dng cua cac electron trong k i m loai v d i cac dai liTctng khac ^ A
n.N..m ^ m N..n.D '
nhiT: D o d o : n„ = vdi D = - ^ n^ =
N N _ _N_
#
+ M a t do e: no = ( N la so e trong the tich V ) .
SI ~ Sv.At , Mat do electron tU' do cua nhom:
V
J i '
nN^D ,23 o 2,7
6,02.10^\3.
hay no = n N ' = n . N ,A-. " m -6 r i.
^ AV A no = — — = 1,8.10^^ (electron/m^). ^
(n, A la hoa tri va nguyen tuT kho'i cua k i m l o a i ; N A la so' Avogadro; D la 11.2. Do lu\ dong cua cac electron tu" do trong mot k i m loai dUdc djnh nghla nhU'
kho'i lu'dng rieng cQa k i m loai).
sau: v = nE
D i e n tich truyen qua tiet dien thang ciia day dan trong thcJi gian t:
( V : van to'c trung binh cua cdc electron tiT do; E: do Idn cUdng do dien triTdng
Aq = I.At = N e . At = noS v. At.e
trong k i m loai).
D p luti dong cua cac e:
Hay thiet lap bieu thuTc cua n theo cac dai lu'dng sau: '
v _ . , ( v a i E = H = £ ) .
~ I II I
^ E nnSeE
•0^^"" nQSeU n.SeR d / Ho: mat do cua electron tuf do. afS ftft
2. Khi gidi cac bdi tap ve dong di^n trong chat di$n phdn can chu y : e: dien tich nguyen to. /: chieu dai cua day dan k i m loai.
+ Sur dung diing cong thiJc cua dinh luat Faraday, nhd k h i F = 96500 C/mol S: dien tich cua tiet dien day k i m loai.
thi m tinh bang gam (g), t tinh b^ng giay (s). R: dien trd cua day.
+ K e t hdp v d i cac cong thiJc khac nhuT: m = D V (cha't r ^ n ) ; Bai giai >,
V(/) _ V
aa c 6 : v = ^E=>(4.= —. .; -
m = . (dktc: chat k h i , n la phan tuf khoi cua k h i thoat ra);
22,4 E
X e t trong khoang thdi gian A t , cac electron tiT do truyen qua tiet dien S diTdc
P2V2 m
PV = — R T , T ( K ) = t(°C) + 273 (chat khi)...
chiJa trong hinh tru day S, dUdng cao AS = v . A t . |
1, 12 F
D i e n tich truyen qua tie't dien S trong khoang thdi gian At l a : f,| i;
+ D d n v i : l a t m = l , 0 1 3 . 1 0 ¥ a ; H = 1000ml...
C . CAC B A I T A P v i DOPJQ D I $ N T R O N G c A c M 6 I TRUdNQ Aq = Ne = n^Ve = n^-SvAte ,i : ^ , j'- :
355
B6i diiBng hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tjip 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang yi§t
1/
= = /
noSeU n^SeR n^eSR
^ ~ rioSeU npSeR
RS
Vay: Bieu thiJc cua \i = Ia:R = p - ^
UocSR
1
11.3. Dong c6 nguyen tuT khoi 63,5, khoi liTdng rieng 8,9g/cm^ va dien trd = 4,6.10"'(SI)
^-19
n^ep 8,44.10^ll,6.10"'M,6.10"
1,6.10'Qm. Hay tinh: ^
a) Mat do electron tif do ciia dong (coi moi nguyen tit dong giai phong VSy: Dp lufu dong cua electron tiT do ben trong kim loai dong la
electron tiT do). H = 4,6.10"^ (SI).
b) Do liTu dong cua electron tuT do ben trong kirn loai dong. 2. D O N G D I | ; N T R O N G C H A T D I E N P H A N
Bai giai jl,4. Khi dien phan dung dich muoi an trong nu'dc, ngiTdi ta thu dufdc khi hidro
Goi: m la khoi liTdng kirn loai, V la the tich khoi kirn loai, tai catot. Khi thu diTdc c6 the tich V = 1 lit d nhiet dp t = 27°C, ap suat p = 1
D la khoi liTdng rieng cua kim loai. %tm. Tinh dien lufdng da chuyen qua binh dien phan.
A la nguyen tu" lU'dng cua kim loai, Bai giai ''j
N la so electron t\i do chiJa trong khoi kim loai. ac6: ' ~
N = 1 lit = 10'^ m ^ t = 27''C ^ T = 27 + 273 = 300K; P = latm = l,013.10^Pa.
- Mat do electron tuf do trong kim loai: np = — .
eo dinh luat Faraday, khoi lU'dng hidro thu diTdc d catot la:
- V i moi nguyen tuT kim loai giai phong n electron m do nen: N = n . N . — . 1 A^ 1 A F.m.n
m = -.—.It = -.—.q q= — — (1)
^ A F n F n A
nN^m m N.nD - Theo phiTdng trinh Claperong - Mendeleep, ta c6:
Do do: n^ = — ^ , vdi D = — . => n^ = —
° AV V ° A PVu
PV = —RT m = — - (2)
a) Mat do electron tif do ciia dong ii RT
B
- Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan: Rb
a) C d vi tri Rb = 12Q thi den sang binh thiTdng.
I4 = l5 = l i - I 2 = 0,6-0,4 = 0,2A Tinh khoi lu'dng dong bam vao catot binh dien J
- Hieudienthe 2dauR4: U4 = I4R4 = 0,2.4 = 0,8V. phan trong 1 phut, cong sua't tieu thu d mach
- Hieu dien the' 2 dau R5: E, r
ngoai va cong sua't cua nguon.
U 5 = U45 - U 4 = 4,8 - 0,8 = 4V.
358
poi_nugng~ngc sinn gioi v a i ly n , igp T - ivguyen PW Dong Cty TNHffWrVTJWH Khan,
b) Tir vi tri tren cua con chay C, ne'u di chuye'n C sang trai thi do sang cfla den j g , Cho m a c h dien n h U hinh ve: E i = 6 V ,
IiTdng dong bam vao catot trong 1 phut thaydoinhir the nao? I g2 = 3 V , r i = r2 = 0 , 5 Q , den R,: 2 V - 1,5W,
B a i giai
Sen R2: 4 V - 3 W , R3 la dien t r d , R 4 la binh
U ^ien phan dung dich CUSO4 c6 cdc dien ciTc
Ta c6: + D i e n trd cua den; = dm
= 4Q.
''dm b^ng dong, tu C, = 1 , C2 = C 3 = 2 M F .
Bie't cac den sang binh thi/dng. . ' ^
1. + Cirdng do dong dien dinh mu-c cua den: L = = - - i <; A
Tinh kho'i liTdng dong diTPc giai phong d
dm
catot binh dien phan trong thdi gian 1 6 phut
a) K h o i li/dng dong bam vao catot, cong suat tieu thu 6 mach ngoai va c6
5 giay va dien nang binh tieu thu trong thdi
sua't cua nguon „ ,t
gian tren.
- CiTcfng do dong dien qua bien trd: 1^, = ^ ^ P ^ A = O , 5 A b) Tinh R3 va R4.
12
Tinh dien tich tren moi ban tu no'i v d i N .
- Cirdng do dong dien qua binh dien phan: I = Id„, + lb = 1,5 + 0,5 = 2A. B a i giai
- K h o i lirdng dong bam vao catot trong 1 phiit = 60s la:
^dmj _ 2 8
+ D i e n trd cua den 1: Rj = = -Q.
.2.60 = 0,0398g = 39,8mg 1,5 3
F'n' 96500'2 '^dm,
- Cong sua't tieu thu ciia mach ngoai: Pj^ = U I = (E - r l ) l = (9 - 0,5.2).2 = 16W
_ 4'
- Cong suat cua nguon: P = E I = 9.2= 18W. + D i e n trd cua den 2: R2 = = 1^Q.
'dm. 3 3
V a y : K h o i liTdng dong bd m vao catot la 39,8mg, cong sua't tieu thu d mach
ngoai la 16W, cong suat cua nguon la 18W. Rdrnj 1,5
+ Ci/dng do ddng dien djnh miJc qua den 1: 1^^^^^ = = 0,75A.
b) Dp sdng cua den va lu'cJng dong bam v i o catot thay doi nhiT the nao? Udmi 2
- Ne'u con chay C sang trai thl Rb tSng => RNP tSng => d i e n trd mach ngoai tang
E Rdm2 _ 3
+ Cirdng do dong dien djnh miJc qua den 2: 1^^^^^ = = 0,75A.
. => I = giam nen li/Png dong bam v^o catot g i a m . 4
Udm^
R+r
- H i e u dien the hai dau den 1^: .i.. - - + H i e u dien the 2 dau A , B : UAB = U , + U2 = 2 + 4 = 6 V . >
Rd^b ERdRb
||F CUdng do ddng dien qua mach chinh: Ta c6: UAB = (Ei - E 2 ) - ( r i - r 2 ) I .
- IRNP =
R+_^A_ Rd+Rb Rd(R + R b H R R t
Rd+Rb 0,5 + 0,5 •(Id fei-:,,M'',:0;=:
ER, + Cirdng dp dong dien qua R4: I4 = I - I^tn^^ = 3 - 0,75 = 2 , 2 5 A . i ( « •
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den: I . = =
R,, R,(R+R,)+RR^ RRd ^UCho'i li/dng dong diTdc gia i phdng d catot binh dien phan va d i e n nang binh
R+R.+
B ^ u thu >. }
RR
K h o i liTdng dong giai phong d catot trong thdi gian t =16p5s = 965s la:
- K h i R b t a n g = > ( R + Rd. + - T — ) giam n6n Id tang, nghTa Ih do sang cua dbn tang'
'^b 1 A , 1 64
ni=-.—.It = .2,25.965 = 0,72g ; i. •
V $ y : Ne'u di chuye'n C sang trai thi do sang cua den tSng v^ liTPng d6ng bam I F n 96500 2
vao catot g i a m . ien nang binh tieu thu trong thdi gian tren: A = U l t = 4.2,25.965 = 8,685kJ
360
361
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi§t
b) Tinh R i va R4
Bai giai
- Dien trd cua binh dien phan: R4 = — - = ^ Ci^cfng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan: ^ ^
^4 2,25 9
" y-, = 0 nen mach dien diTdc ve lai nhu" sau:
- Cu'dng do dong dien qua R3:13 = I - 1 dm, = 3 - 0 , 7 5 = 2,25A. 1 A R,
f heo dinh luat Faraday, ta c6: m = p ~^2^ '
2 A B
- Dien trd R3: R 3 = ^ =
2,25 9 _ mFn _ 0,48.96500.2 ^ ^ R3
I " ^3
c) Dien tich tren moi ban tu noi vdi N "^^2" At ~ 64(16.60 + 5) ' I2
R2 ~z—
- H i e u d i e n t h e 2 d a u A M : UAM = E l - r , I = 6-0,5.3 = 4,5V.
Vay: Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan la 1,5A. R4
- Hieu dien the 2 dau MB: UMB = E2 - FJI = 3 - 0,5.3 = 1,5V.
1,) Dien trd binh dien phan ' " ''
- V i El > E2 nen ban cua Ci noi vdi M la ci/c am, noi vdi N la ciTc du'dng.
R R 44
- Tai N: qi - q2 + q3 = 0 Hieu dien the'2 d^u AB: UAB = I 2 ( R 2 + - ^ ^ - ^ ) = ^'^^^i + J—^^ = l'5(R2+2)
R-j+R^ 4+ 4
« C , U N M - C 2 U A N + C3UNB = 0
Cirdng do dong dien qua R,: I , = ^ = ''^''^^"^^^ = CSRj+l
o UNM - 2UAN + 2UNB = 0
- Matkhac: Cifdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: ^tWrnr, ,
UNM = UNA + UAM = UNA + 4,5 = 4 , 5 - U A N (2) I = Ii + I2 = 1,5 + 0,5R2 + 1 = 2,5 + 0,5R2 / ,,
- Thay (2) vao (1): 4,5 - UAN - 2UAN + 2UNB = 0 Ta cd: UAB = E - r l = 13,5 - 1 -(2,5 + 0,5R2) = 1,5(R2 + 2)
» 3 U A N - 2 U N B = 4,5 (3) o 11-0,5R2= 1,5R2 + 3=>R2 = 4Q.
- Mat khac: UAB = UAN + UNB = 6 Vay: Dien trd binh dien phan la R2 = 4Q. ^
C ^ 2 U A N + 2UNB = 12 (4) c) So chi cua ampe ke
- Lay(3) + ( 4 ) : 5 U A N = 16,5 Ta cd: I , = 0,5.4 + 1 = 3A.
=0 UAN = 3,3V; UNB = 2,7V; UNM = 4,5 - 3,3 = 1,2V. Hieu dien the 2 dau R3: U3 = U 4 = l2R34= 1,5.2 = 3V. . , ^
- Dien tich tren moi ban tu noi vdi N:
Cirdng dp dong dien qua R3: I3 = ^ = = 0,75A.
Q , = C , U N M = 1.1,2= l,2fiC. R3 4
Q2 = -C2UAN =-2.3,3 =-6,6 M C . a, So chi cua ampe ke: U = 3 + 0,75 = 3,75A. if,
Q3 = C3UNB = 2.2,7 = 5,4 j i C . Vay: Ampe ke chi 3,75A. ):;ofc-;;
11.9. Cho mach dien nhiT hmh ve: E = 13,5V, r = I f i , R , = 3Q, R3 = R4 = 4^ d) Cong suaft tieu thu d mach ngoai
fi. 1
RA = 0, R2 la binh dien phan dung djch C U S O 4 c6 cac dien cure b^ng dong. Ta c6:U = UAB = 1,5(R2 + 2) = 1,5.(4 + 2) = 9V
Biet sau 16 phiit 5 giay dien phan, kho'i E,r va I = 2,5 + 0,5R2 = 2,5 + 0,5.4 = 4,5A. i,r*ji:
363
B6i di^ng hgc sinh gi5i vat ly 11, t^p 1 - Nguy6n Phu Dflng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Viet
PhdntMba 3. Tuf trufcfng cua dong d i ^ n trong 6ng dSy dSn dai:
Vectd cam tfng tif B do dong dien gay ra c6:
- Phifdng: Song song vdi true
ong day. ^-^
Chuven de 12: TUf T R l / d N G - Chieu: Tuan theo quy tac ^
A . T 6 M T A T K I ^ N TiiCrc "Cai dinh oc 2".
I. Cac dinh nghta
fe.- Do Idn: B = 4 7 t . l 0 - ' . n l . (n = — la
1. Tuf trifcfng la dang vat cha't t6n tai xung quanh dien tich chuyen don?
, (dong dien, nam cham) va tac dung life tijf len hat mang dien khac chuyen mat do vong day; N, / la so" vong va
dong trong do (dong dien khac, nam cham khac). Hu'dng cua tif trU'dng tai If,"! ; f s'.
chieu dai cua o'ng day).
moi diem la hu'dng Nam - Bac cua kim nam cham dat tai do. NguySn h' chdng chS't tijf trufcfng:
2. DifoTng cam tfng tuf (du'dng stfc tiT) la nhffng
Goi Bp B 2 , . . . la cac cam iJng tif do cac dong dien I i , I 2 , . . . gay ra tai diem M .
dU'dng cong ve trong khong gian c6 tif truTdng
am iirng tiJf tdng hdp tai M la:
sao cho tiep tuyen d moi diem triing vdi hifdng
= B,+B2+...
tiJf tri/dng tai diem do. \ ,^
,-7 I ^C»o dd can diTa vao cac quy t i c "Cai dinh oc" hoSc " N i m tay p h ^ i " d l xdc
- D6 1dn:B = 27t.lO
djnh diing chieu cua cac vectd cam ufng tif thanh phan tiT do xdc djnh diing d6
(R 1^ ban kinh khung day). •dn cua B.
365
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vijt
B6i du8ng hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu DSng
; V i Bi cung chieu vdi B^ nen B = B | + 8 2 = 8.10"^+ 8.10"'^= 16.10"'^^. Gpi M la diem each moi dong dien 2cm.
^ Cam i^ng ttr do dong I i gay ra tai M la: I.
Vay: Dp Icfn cam ufng tuf do hai day gay nen tai ndi each chung 5em la B =
10
le.io^T. B i = 2.10-'.^ =2.10"^
r 0,02
= IQ-'^T
B,
12.2. Cupn day tron ban kinh R = 5cm (gom n = 100 vong day qua'n ndi tiep each
. Ca m lifng tCf do do n g l 2 gay ratal M i a :
dipn vdi nhau) dat trong khong khi c6 dong dien I qua moi vong day, tii
trifcJng d tam vong day la B = 5.10"^. Tim I . B, = 2 . 1 0 - \ ^ = 2 . 1 0 - ^ , = 3.10"''T
^'^ r 0,02 ,,,
Bai giai
Cam dfng tiT do cupn day gay ra d tam vong day la: - Cam ufng tiT t6'ng hdp tai M : B = B j + B j
f
f)<* B a i giai
0,5A. Tim cam ifng tiT trong ong day.
= 10-^T
Bai giai
Ta c6: Chieu dai cua moi v6ng day la ehu vi cua 6'ng day thing.
366
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
Bfli duang hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, t^p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
ngo^i doan no'i giffa hai day. V i T2 = 4ri nen M phai nhm ve phia I i : Cim u-ng tii do I3 gay ra tai M : B3 = 2.1 ^ = 2.10"^.
r + 0,12 r + 0,12
=>T2 = 4.(T2 -6) O 3T2 = 24 r2 = 8cm va r i = — = 2 c m . <" -
V i B i , B2 c i j n g c h i e u n e n : B , 2 = B , + B2 = 2 . 1 0 " ' . I ( ^ + - ^ ; - ^ ^ )
4
V a y : NhiTng d i e m c6 cam tfng tii tdng hdp bling khong n h m tren difcJng t h l ^
-7 . J 1 . 7 21
each day 1: 2em, day 2: 8cm. Re' B = 0 thi B|2 = B 3 « 2 . I 0 ' ^ I ( - + ) = 2.i0
r r + 0,06 r + 0,12
12.13. Day dan manh, thang dai c6 d6ng I = lOA di qua dat vuong goe v d i ductng
cam i^ng tii cua til tru'dng deu c6 Bo = 5.10~^T. T i m nhffng d i e m c6 cam iJng tff 2r + 0,06 ^ 2 o (r + o,03).(r +0,12) = r(r + 0 , 0 6 )
tdng hdp b^ng khong. r(r + 0,06) r + 0,12
Baigiai . . . .
< : > r ^ - r ^ + 0 , 0 9 r + 3,6.10""* = 0 = > r < 0 : khong phii hdp.,)
NhiJng d i e m c6 cam iJng tii tdng hdp bKng khong thoa:
Trrf(/ng hdp 2:
B = Bj+ BQ = 6 => B, = -BQ
Neu M nhm ngoai I3 thi B i , B 2 ciing chieu; B3 ngiTdc chieu vdi B i , B 2 :
M
B, = B o O 2 . 1 0 " ^ - = 5 . 1 0 " ^ ®'
Taco: B = B . + B , + B , = B , , + B 3 . . 6
Cam iJngtLr d o l l gay ra tai M : '••(v-£L;i|i " v-dO.,()/
2.10-^10
=> r = = 0,04m = 4em B, = 2 . 1 0 - ^ ^ = 2 . 1 0 - ^ — I. '2 I3 B,
••i + ® ^ ^ - M
V a y : Nhufng d i e m c6 cam i^ng tii tdng hdp bang khong nhm tren difcfng th3ng
Cam urng tir do I2 gay ra tai M : •• • > * * •
A song song v d i day dan, each day 4cm, A trong mat ph^ng chiJa day va
vuong goc v d i BQ . | ^B2 = 2 . 1 0 ^ i l = 2 . 1 0 - . - ^
'2
12.14. Ba day dan th^ng song song dki v6 han eung n ^ m trong mat phdng, hai
day l i e n tiep cdch nhau doan a = 6cm, ciTdng dp I , = I2 = I , I3 = 21. Day I3 n^m C a m d r n g t i r d o l a g a y r a t a i M : B3 = 2 . 1 0r ^
' ' .. ^I l =
= 22.10"
. 1 0 -.. ^
ngoai I i , I2 va dong I3 ngiTdc chieu I | , I2. T i m v i t r i M c6 cam i^ng tH tdng hdp
b^ng khong.
. V i B i , B2 c u n g c h i e u n e n B , 2 = B, + B 2 = 2.10~'.I( L_+_! ).
Baigiai ' m r + 0 , 1 2 r + 0,06
a ^ x ^ 2x <=> 4x = a + X =i> X = 3 ^ 3
r 0,12-r' 0,06-r
1 2 Vay: NhiJng diem tren true O2X vuong goc vdi mat phang chufa ba day vdi
<=> 0,12-r + 2r
<=> r-+-0,12-r 0,06-r r(0,12-r) 0,06-r aV3 ,
03M=± ^ • se 8 = 0.
«(0,12 + r).(0,06 - r) = r(0,12 - r) o 7,2.10^^ - 0,06r - r^ = 0,12r - r^
12.16. Mot day dan rat dai du^dc gap lai d giiJa thanh
«0,18r = 7,2.10'=^r = 0,04m = 4cm.
goc vuong nhuf hinh. Trong day dan c6 dong dien
Vay: Diem M tren diTcJng thang song song vdfi 3 day, trong khoang day 1 va 2,
4 = 20A di qua. Xac dinh vectd cam i^ng tif B do
each day giffa 2em (each day 1 la 4cm).
day gay ra tai A each O doan a = 2cm, tren
12,15. Ba dong dien thdng song song nhiT hinh
du'dng keo dai cua mot canh day nhiT hinh ve. o
ve: I, = I3 = I, I, = - , O1O2 = O2O3 = a,
B a i giai
2
dong I2 ngi/dc chieu vdi I,, I3. I, - ,Cam ling tif gay ra bdi dong dien chay
Tim tren true O2X vuong goe vdi mat 0 | 0- ®-- eIrong doan day dan thang:
phang ehiJa ba day nhilng diem eo B = 0. | B = i!:oi(^QgO,+cos6,)
B a i giai O
^ Tij- trirdng tai A chi do 1 eanh goc vuong gay ra, con tCr triTdng do doan day
Goi M la diem tren O2X ed cam ijng tif tong hdp b^ng khong, ta c6:
dan thang gay nen tai mot diem tren true eua day la bhng khong.
B = Bj+Bj+B, = B,3+B^ = 0 Theo quy tic nim tay phai," B hiTdng ra tru-dc, vuong goc vdi mat phdng hinh
=^B,3 = -B2 (1) Ve. Ta c6: 6, = 0, 62 = - => 8 = 10'^—-(cosO + c o s - ) = 10"^T , ^
- Cam ling tCr do I| gay ra tai M:
y: Vectd cam ilng tif 8 do day gay ra tai A c6 do Idn 8 = 10"^, hiTdng tCr
B, = 2.10 7 I. =2.10"'.
_
(vdi X = O2M)
ia sau ra phia trufde.
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B6i dii3ng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyen Pliu Oouti Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vijt
12.17. Mot hinh thoi lam bhng day dan dong chat, tie't dien
TiT triTdng do canh A B gay ra d O: B^^ = ^ ^ ^ ( ' ^ ° s a i + cosUj)
deu diTcJc noi vdi mot nguon dien ct xa qua hai day dan
dai nhu'hlnh ve. I
=> B A B = T ^ - 2 c o s a (a, = a 2 = a )
a) Xac dinh cam uTng lit B tai tSm O cua hinh thoi. 471OM
b) Xac djnh hu'dng cua B ne'u nhanh ACB b^ng dong,
2} a' a
nhanh A D B b5ng nhom. Vdi: + O M = V O H ^ + H M ^ = — + =
B a i giai.yyb a ,U nnbi' 4 4 7^
a
a) Cam \ing ttr B tai tarn O cua hinh thoi /yt^t MB
MB 2 _ 2 _ 1
+ cosa =
Tac6:B,,=B,-HB„^,vdi: '^^'^ I^^T '' 'yT^^ ^
OB VoM^MB^ la^ ^ , ^
+ B|^g = 0 : V I nguon d rat xa. " •'•'1'
+ B j = B , + B 2 + B 3 + B 4 = (B,+ B3) + ( B 2 + B 4 ) = 0 .
BAB -
Vay: Bo = 0 .
b) Hu'dng cua B neu nhanh ACB bhng dong, nhanh ADB b^ng nh6m B
Vi dien trd sua't cua dong nho hdn dien trd sua't cua nhom nen RACB < RADB. et BABtheoOy thl: B^^^ = B^g.cosP = B^3COS(90''-M6H)
Do do dong dien qua day dong (day ACB) c6 cu'dng do Idn hdn dong dien
qua day nhom (day ADB), lii do suy ra cam iJng tiT tdng hdp tai O se c6
hi/dng tir phia sau ra phia triTdc.
12.18. Mot hinh lap phiTdng lam bang day dan dong chat, tiet dien deu, hai dinh I Do tinh doi xiTng nen: B, = 4BABy = 4 ^ • '^
doi dien cua hinh hop du'dc noi vdi mot nguon dien cl xa bhng hai day dan dai
C O phi/dng qua tam hinh lap phiTdng. Tinh cam iJng tiT d tam hinh lap phi/dng. TiTdng t./: Ba = B 3 = =^ Bo = J B J + B ^ + B ^ = B,^/3 = ^ , r,
B a i giai ^'vo a.. y:>
f/
Vay: Cam ifng tiT d tam hinh lap phiTdng la Bo =
A
/A / i 1
. 7ca
1.19. Ngu-di ta mile vao hai diem bat kl cua mot
G J o vong day dan hai day dan th^ng dai hu'dng theo
E 6 H phu'dng ban kinh cua vong day. Hai dau cua hai
De ddn gian, ta c6 the xem trong mot canh khong c6 dong dien se ti/dng day dan th^ng du'dc no'i vao nguon dien d xa.
diTdng nhiT c6 2 dong dien c6 ciTdng dp ngiTdc chieu di qua canh do. Tinh cam Ung tCr d tam vong day.
TiT hinh ve, ta tha'y se c6 3 mat cua hinh lap phiTdng c6 dong dien ciTdng B a i giai
chay qua. Do do tiT truTdng do 3 mat gay ra d tam O la: B = B,+B2+B3 VI O nam tren true cua 2 day dan thang A M va B N nen tiT triTdng do chiing
gay ra tai O deu bhng khong.
( B , , B2, B3 Ian liTdt la cac vectd cam ilng tiT gay ra tai O bdi cdc mSt A E F ^ '
TiT tru'dng do 2 phan AEB va AFB cua vong day tron gay ra tai O c6:
FEHG, ADHE).
+ Phufdng: vuong goc vdi vong day.
Xet Bi = BAB+BEF+BFB+BAE
+ B, do AEB gay ra hiTdng tiT sau ra triTdc mSt ph^ng hinh ve, c6n B2
376 AFB gay ra hiTdng hiTdng tiT triTdc ra sau mat phdng hinh ve. 377
B6i du8nq hgc sinh giai Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ng
Cty TMHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
10-' U,„S
, dB CO phUdng vuong goc vdi mat phang chifa d l va r tiJc 1^ n^m trong mat
- TUdng tir: B , = A B ^ =_ B , .
phang chila O M va r , eo chieu xac djnh bhng quy t^c van niit chai.
P
, Xet 2 phan tiJT dong d i e n l d l i va I d h ed cung dp Idn dat do'i xu'ng nhau qua
V a y : B = B i - B 2 = 0.
tam O, ta thay vectd cam ufng tiJf do chiing gay ra tai M la d B i va dB2nam
12.20. D a y dan dai v6 han c6 mot doan uo'n hinh _
nuTa dirdng tron ban k i n h R nhiT hinh ve. tren cung mot mat phang d o i xu'ng vdi nhau qua true O M , c6 gia tri nhuf nhau,
fO
Xac djnh B d tam O cua nuTa di/dng tron. do do vectd cam tJng tiT tdng hdp ( d B i + d B i ) c6 phUdng O M .
B a i giai - L i luan tifdng tiT bKng each xet tiTng cap phan tuf dong d i e n doi xufng v d i nhau
- Tuf trurdng tdng hcJp tai O: B = B j + B j + B ^ . qua tam O, ta thay vectd cam li'ng tiT toan phan do dong dien tron gay ra tai
M la vectd c6 phu'dng trimg vdi true O M . NhU' vay cam iJng tiT B cua ca dong
V I B i , B 2 , B 3 cung chieu nen B vuong goc vdi m5t ph^ng day, hiTdng ra
,dien bKng tdng cac thanh phan dB theo phu'dng O M .
sau mat phang hinh ve.
t dB„ = dBeosp = ^ B = fdB„ = ^ fd
dl
- C a m iJng tuT do nuTa day dSn dai v6 han gay ra: B = —.^^sina. ' 47C ( 4n.r^
4n
(vdi L = 27tR: chu vi dong dien tron).
: Vi: ALsina = r => B , = B , = I 1 ^ioI.27tR^ _
R
f V d i cosp = - = B =
- Cam uTng tuf do nufa vong tr6n day ra: V R^+x^
I |Vay: Vectd cam iJug ttr d d i e m M tren true cua mot dong dien tron c6 phiTdng
I B , =-.271.10-'.-=71.10-'.-=
2 R R 4R [vuong goc v d i mat ph^ng vong day, c6 hiTdng ra xa vong day v^ c6 dp Idn
- Cam ufngtCr tdng h d p d O : B = B i + B2 + B3 ^OIR2
2(R2+X^)^/^ '
• 471 • R 4R 27tR 4R
V a y : Cam tfng tCr B d tam O cua niJa diTdng tron c6 hurdng tif trirdc ra sau, c6
do Idn B = HQIC-
27tR 4R
12.21. T i m vectcf cam li'ng tiJf d mot d i e m tren true cua mot dong dien tron, each
tam dong dien doan x. CiTdng dp dong dien la I , ban kinh la R.
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B6i diiSng hpc sinh gi6i V$l ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Chieu: Tuan theo quy t^c "B^n tay trai": chieu ngdn cii choai ra neu q > 0
Chuxen de 13: LUTC TOr va nguWc lai neu q < 0. vtti .M-r •
Dp Idn: F = IqlvBsina (a = [v, B]).
A. T 6 M T A T K I E N THlfC ' '
f 1. Ltfc tijf tac dung len myt doan day dSn mang dong di^n dat trong ISHIJNG C H U Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P . .
tri/c/ng deu: Life tiT F do tif tru'dng B tac dung len doan day dan thang; Xac djnh liTc tif tac dung len mot doan day dan cd ddng dien chay qua: Chii y
CO dong dien I chay qua c6: xac dinh dung chieu (theo quy tac "Ban tay trai") va dp Idn (chii y xac djnh
- Diem dat: Tai trung diem doan day. diing gdc a giiJa B va I ) . Ke't hdp vdi viec suf dung djnh luat II Niu-tdn va
- PhU'cfng: Vuong goc vdi mat phdng (B , /). tieu kien can bang khi giai quyet cac bai toan ve chuyen dpng va can b^ng
- Chieu: Tuan theo quy tac "Ban tay ^ ;ua doan day dan.
trai": Dat ban tay trdi dual thang sua
cho cac dUcyng cam ling tU dam vao _ :ac dinh life tUdng tac giila hai day dan thang song song cd dong dien chay
long ban tay, chieu tit cd tay den cac qua: Chu y cac dac diem ve chieu (hut, day) va dp Idn life tdc dung len mot
ngon tay chl chieu dong dien thi [doan day dan. Ket hdp vdi phep tong hdp life khi cd nhieu dSy dan song song
chieu ciia ngon cdi chodi ra chl chieu lang dong dien tu'dng tac nhau.
cua luc tif. ac dinh life tif tdc dung len khung day cd ddng dien: Chu y xdc dinh dung
' ' - Dp Idn: F = BI/sina (a = [B,I]) jdc a giffa phap tuye'n ii va B trong cong thilc tinh momen ngau life tif. Ket
hdp vdi dieu kien can bang ciia vat ran ( E M = 0) khi giai quyet cac bai toan
2. L\ic txidng tac tH giffa hai dSy dan thang ve can b^ng va chuyen dpng quay cua khung day.
song song c6 dong di^n chay qua: Xac djnh life tif tac dung len dien tich chuyen dpng (life Lorenxd): Chii y cdc
Li/c tif tac dung len mot doan day dan c6 chieu dai / c6: dac diem ve chieu khi ap dung quy tac "Ban tay trai" khi q > 0, q < 0 va dp
- Diem dat: Tren cac day dan. Idn cua life Lorenxd (gdc a giffa v va B). Trifdng hdp dien tich chi chiu tac
- PhU'Png: Vuong goc vdi hai day dan trong mat dung cua life Lorenxd thi nd se chuyen dpng tron deu vdi ban kinh:
phSng chiJa hai day dan. mv va. chuu ki i ^TT= 2jcm
- Chieu: Life hut neu hai dong dien cClng chieu; life R =
IqlB IqlB
day ne'u hai dong dien ngiTpc chieu.
- Dp Idn: F = 2 . 1 0 ' . ^ . ! (d la khoang cdch giila cAc BAI Tyip LVC Tir
hai day dan). d L ^ C T t / T A G DVNG L E N DOAN D A Y DAN THANG
3. Lufc tuT tac dung len khung dSy dan kin co dong di^n: Momen cua ngau i.L Doan day dan / cd dong dien I di qua dat trong tif trifdng deu B nhif cdc
liTc tif tac dung len khung day kin cd dong dien chay qua: hinh ve sau: _ 1
M = IBSsina ( a = [ti, B], S la dien tich khung day)
4. Li/c tuf tac dung ISn hat mang di^n chuyfe'n dpng: Life tCf tdc dung 1^"
hat mang dien tich q chuyen dpng vdi van toe v trong tif tri/dng (•'/''
Lorenxd)cd: Doan day dan va cac vectd difdc ve n^m trong mat ph^ng hinh ve.
- Diem dat: Tren dien tich.
a) 1B = 0,02T, I = 2A, / = 5cm, a = 30°. Tim F . >
- PhUdng: Vuong goc vdi mat phang (v, B). b) ]B^, 0,03T. / = 10cm, F = 0,06N, p = 45°. Tim I, phifdng, chilu cua F .
381
380
uiy I i v i II I i f i I V u
F 0,06
1= = 28,3A
Blsina 0,03.0, l.sin45"
sn. Theo quy tac ban tay trai, F hiTdng len tren.
c) T a c 6 : F = B l l s i n a . + + +
F 0,01
B = = 0,02T + + +
Ilsina 5.0,1
(5)
(4)
- Theo quy tic ban tay trai, B hiTdng len tren.
V a y : (1): hiTdng len; (2): hiTdng qua phai.
d) Ta c6: F = B l l s i n a
I (3): hiTdng tuT triTdc ra sau; (4): hi/dng qua phai; (5): hifdng len. ^
V d i : F = 0,B;^ 0 => sina = 0 => a = 0° . l3.3. Hai thanh ray nam ngang, song song va each nhau / = 10cm dat trong tilf
V a y : B hiTdng doc theo day, do Idn bat k i . trirdng deu B thang dufng, B = 0,1T. M o t thanh k i m loai dat tren ray vuong
13.2. M o t day dan c6 dong dien chay qua dat trong mot tii trurdng deu nhir hmh g6c vdi ray. N o i ray v d i nguon dien E = 12V, r = I Q , d i e n trd thanh k i m loai,
Trong hinh (1), (2) day dan vuong goc vdi mat phang hinh ve. Trong h m h (3) ray va day noi R = 5Q. T i m life tiT tac dung len thanh k i m l o a i .
day dan song song vdi mat ph^ng hinh ve. Trong hinh (4), (5) tif trirdng B B a i giai
vuong goc mat ph^ng hmh ve. Trong tifng tru^cfng hdp, hay xac djnh hifdng Cirdng do dong dien chay qua thanh k i m loai:
A/
cua life tii tac dung len day dan.
1
E 12
1 = = 2A
R+r 5+1
S
F = B l l s i n a = 0,1.2.0,1 = 0 , 0 2 N
tB
V a y : Lire tCr tde dung len thanh k i m loai la 0,02N.
382 383
uui UUUII!} mm mini giUI V j l ly n , t j p 1 - NguygtTPlurDgng" Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
384 385
B6i duSng hpc sinli gi6i vat ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguyen Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DV\ '• KII.HM;
13.8. M o t day dan c6 dong dien chay qua nam trong mat phang vuong goc 1,10. M o t thanh dan dien du'dc treo nam ngang tren hai day dan nhe thang
vectd cdm iJng tif ciia mot tCr triTdng deu. duTng. Thanh dat trong mot tii tru'dng deu, vectcf cam iJng tif thSng dufng hudng
ChtJng minh rang li/c tac dung len mot doan day nhm giiJa hai d i e m c6' (j j x u o ' n g va cd do Idn B = I T .
, khong phu thuoc vao hinh dang cua doan day do. Ijhanh cd chieu dai / = 0,2m, khoi lifdng = lOg, day dan cd chieu dai /i = 0,1m.
B a i giai H ^ ^ e vao cac d i e m giCf cac day dan mot tu C = 100 jiF difdc tieh dien tdi hieu
Chia day dan cong A B thanh hinh bac thang nhu: hinh ve: ® i Blien the U = lOOV. Cho tu phdng dien. Coi ring qua trinh phdng dien xay ra
- Tong li/c tac dung len cac canh song song vdi A B : •pong thdi gian rat ngan, thanh ehifa kjp r d i vj t r i can bang ma chi nhan difcJc
F = ^ I B . A 1 = B I l (c6 phi/dng vuong goc vdi A B ) ^•
B plheo phifdng ngang mot dong lifdng p nao do. T i n h van toe thanh khi r d i vi tri
- Cac life tac dung len cac canh vuong gdc vdi A B tufng cap m o t triet tieu nha pan bang va gdc lech cifc dai cua day khoi vj tri can b^ng.
nen life tif tac dung l e n day dan cong A B va day dan thang A B la BU. B a i giai
V a y : Life tac dung len mot doan day nhm giifa 2 d i e m co dinh khong pi^ f ' •'
thuoc vao hinh dang cua doan day do. a
\
13.9, Doan day dan A B c6 chieu dai / = 20em khoi lifdng m = lOg difdc treo nam .M
ngang trong mot tif trifdng deu cd veetd cam ifng tif thang duTng. H a i day treo
thang dufng, manh va nhe, chieu dai m o i day / = 40em.
. Cho dong dien I = 2 A qua day A B , A B bi day lech sang mot ben v^ cd vi tri
If
' can b^ng khi day treo lech gdc a = 30°. Life tif tac dung len doan day eung cap cho day mot gia toe a, vdi:
Tinh do Idn cam iJng tiJf B va van toe A B d vj t r i can bang. B o qua m o i ma sat Aq Av
F-BI/ = m a o B ^ l=m o B q l = mv
va life can cua m o i trifdng.
At t
B a i giai
- M = B C U l ^ 1.100.10-^100.0,2 ^ Q 2 m/s
=> V
I m m 0,01 / :' :
^ l e o djnh luat bao toan cd nang, vdi goc the nSng d A ta cd:
0,2'
WA = WB O
mv = mgl{ 1 - COSOQ) COSUQ = 1 - = 1- = 0,98
2gl 2.10.0,1'
P'i',
- Cac life tac dung l e n doan day A B : P, F , hai life cSng day T . ^> a, = 12^
V a y : V a n toe ciia thanh khi r d i v i t r i can bhng la 0,2 (m/s) va gdc lech eifc dai
Doan day A B can b^ng nen: P + F + 2 1 = 6 .
cua day khoi v i t r i can bang la 12°.
X e t mat cat ngang cua doan day, ta cd:
f 3 . l l . Trong hinh ve, A B la mot thanh kirn loai chieu dai 1 = 10cm cd dong dien
F BIl mg.tana ^ 0,01.10.tan30" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
tana = — = —
P mg II 2.0,2
! l a y cho biet phifdng hifdng va A —>
Theo djnh luat bao loan cd nSng, vdi goc the nSng d A ta cd: >
do Idn cua life tiJf dat l e n A B se ^
I
,.2
mv = m g l ( l - c o s a Q ) bien thien nhif the nao k h i thanh
1 —*
WA = Wn O B
/
quay d i 180° t i f v i t r i ban dau >
LUc tir tac dung len thanh khi thanh chUa quay: ,13. Ba day dan thang, dai dat song song trong cung
F = BIl.sina = 0,03.5.0,1.1 =0,015N inpt mat phang thang dufng cd khoang each a = 5cm
a) Khi AB quay trong mat phang cua hinh ve j\M hinh. Day thi? nha't va thu" ba di/de giu" co dinh,
I3
- Khi thanh chiTa quay life tii hi/dng len tren theo phi/dng vuong goc vdi hlnj, ted dong I i = 213 = 4A di qua nhiThinh ve. Day thiJhai
> t « ve,dpldnla0,015N. jjtir do, CO dong I2 = 5A di qua. Tim chieu di chuyen
Iciia day hai va liTc tac dung len 1 met day hai khi no .n- l2
- Khi thanh quay tif 0 den 90° trong mat phang hinh ve, dp Idn cua liTc tii g\^^
ttr 0,015 xuong 0 (khi thanh quay du^dc 90°). •>^t dau chuyen dong neu I2 cd chieu:
- Khi thanh quay lii 90° den 180°, dp Idn cua life tif tSng tCf 0 den 0,015, khi mi len. b) Di xuong. '>"•>''- '
quay dufdc 180° liTc tijf hu'dng xuong di/di theo phiTdng vuong goc vdi hinh vg I Bai giai
CO dp Idn la 0,015N. ^ i f c til tac dung len mot m6t day thiir hai: , s
-7 I , l 2
4.5
b) Khi AB quay trong mat phang vuong gdc vdi hinh ve = 2.10"'' = 8.10"'^N
a 0,05
Khi AB quay trong mat phang vuong gdc vdi hinh ve, dp Idn life ttr khong doi
0,015N, hu'dng len tren vuong gdc vdi hinh ve, sau do doi thanh hiTdng xuong ,-7 hh = 2.10"'' 2.5 = 4.10"-'^N
Do I3 gay ra: F32 =2.10
diTdi. ) 0,05
a
13.12. Mot vong kim loai cd khoi liTdng m, tich dien Q phan bo deu, I5n khong ifc tCr tdng hdp tac dung len mot met day thiif hai: F2 - F,2+F32
tri/dt tren mot mat phang nam ngang each dien va khong ma sit Dat he
\ii2diien:,, •riv •
thong tren vao mot viing tuf trifdng deu, c6 vectd cam ting tiT B vuong goc
F12, F32 ngiTdc chieu nen:
vdi mat phang cua vong kim loai thi life nen cua vong len mat phing nam F3.
ngang giam di mot nufa. Xac dinh van toe cua vong kim loai. 8.10-'*-4.10"^ = 4.10-'*N
'F2 =
F:
Bai giai
ii F j cung chieu vdi Fj2 nen day 'I2
- Xet mot doan nho A A cd dp dai Al tren vanh thi:
thi? hai se di chuyen sang phai.
m Al
+ Kkhoi lufdng doan A A ' la: Am = 27iR
' Khi I2 di xuong: ' ' '
389
B6i duSng hoc sinh gi6i V{it ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
Bai giai
- LiTc tCr tac dung len mot m^t day thuf nha't: R a
I I
R a
+ Dolzgay ra: =2.10"^-!-^ ^2A0~\—. De I4 nam can bang thi I4 phai dat d lam tam giac: •
'-^^=2.10-^-
- V I F , F3, ngu'dc chieu nen Fj = F ' - F 3 j = 2 . 1 0 - ^ - N = 20 vong noi tiep c6 the quay quanh canh AB thang diTng. Khung c6 dong
a 4~2 I = l A di qua moi vong day va dat trong liT tri/dng deu c6 B nam ngang,
o2 (B, n) = 3 0 ° , B = 0,5T. Tinh momen life liT dat len khung.
F, = 2 . 1 0 " ' . ^ = 2,82.10"^N
' 0,02 ^2 liai giai
Vay: De Ii/c tu" nho nhat thl bon dong dien phai xen ke nhaO, Fn,in = 2,82.10 \ . Ta c6: M = NIBS.sina.
13.15. Ba dinh lam giac deu ABC dat ba day dan thang dai vuong goc vdi ABC, => M = 20.1.0,5.0,1.0,05.sin 30° = 2,5.10"' (N.m)
CO cac dong I = 5A cung chieu di qua. Hoi can dat mot dong dien thing dai Vay: Momen liTc tCr dat len khung la
CO dp Idn va hu'dng the nao, d dau de he bon dong dien d trang thai can M = 2,5.10"^ (N.m).
bhng. 17. M p l day dan bang dong, khoi lu-png rieng p , dien lich tiel dien thang S.
Bai giai Day diTdc uon thanh ba canh AB, BC, CD cua mot hinh vuong canh a. Khung
Vi vai tro cua I , , I2,13 nhu" nhau nen de he 4 dong dien d trang thai can bkng, CO the quay quanh mot true n\m ngang 0 0 di qua A, D va dat trong mot tCf
ta chi can xet su" can bSng ciia I3 va I 4 . tru'dng deu B thdng du'ng. Cho dong dien I di qua day, day bi lech, mat
- Life tu" do 1|, I2 tac dung len mot met chieu dai dong I3: j phang day hdp vdi phiTdng thang du'ng mot goc a . Tinh a .
Vi ( F , 3 , F 2 3 ) = 60"
+ Cac lire FJ^, ^ cung gid, ngu'dc chieu, cung dp Idn nen chiing triet lieu nhau.
F' = 2 . ^ = F , V J
Lire F2 vuong goc vdi BC, cd phi/dng nam ngang tao ra momen doi vdi
- De dong I3 nam can bang thi: +
true quay AD: M2 = F2.LM - BIa(a.cos a ) = Bla^.eos a
+ Trong lire cua ba canh AB, BC, CD c6 phiTdng thing dufng^hirdng xuong
F43 = - F' =:> I4 phai ngu'dc chieu vdi I3 va F43 = F . lam cho khung cd xu hiTdng quay ngu'dc vdi chieu quay do F2 gay ra.
391
B6i duBng hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, tgp 1 - IMguySn Phu Dfing Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
Vay: Goc hdp giffa mat ph^ng day va phUdng thang diJng la a = arctan(—-) Vay: Goc quay a cua khung \k 12° va cong suat tieu thu cua dien ke la 3.10"^W.
2pSg .19. Khung day hinh tam gidc ABC dien tich S c6 dong I di qua. Khung dat
13.18. Mot dien ke tiT dien, khung day c6 dien tich S = a.b = (40.30) mm^ tren trong mot tif tru"cJng deu B , B song song vdi mot canh khung day. Tim
CO qua'n N = 100 vong day dong du'dng kinh d = 0,1mm. Khung du'dc treo nhd momen M cua life tiT tdc dung len khung. f * :; _
mot sdi day ma khi day bi xoa'n mot goc OQ = 1*^ thi xuat hien mot momen
' Baigiai^ ,„,, l,;,,,^,^,^,,, ^ , g
xocCn Mox = lO^^Nm. Khung du'dc dat trong tiT tru'dng cua mot nam cham vTnh
'a cd: M = NIBS.sina (a la gdc hdp bdi B va n )
V cijfu du'dc bo' tri sao cho B luon vuong goc vdi true quay ciia khung va phap
di: N = 1; a = 9 0 ° = > s i n a = 1 . A ^ ' / i v r r i . v
tuyen cua khung, B = 0,1T. Cho dong dien I = 0,1mA chay qua khung. Tinh
:> M = IBS.
goc quay a cua khung va cong suat tieu thy cua dien ke. Biet dien trd sua't
/ay: Momen cua life ti^ tac dung len khung la M = IBS.
cua dong la p = l,7.10"^nm.
aM N A M C H A M D A T TRONG T l / TRl/CfNG I
Baigiai ^ 0 . Mot day dan thang dat nhm ngang song song vdi BQ cua Trai Dat, Bo =
- Khi c6 mot dong dien chay qua khung, life tif tac dung len khung tao ra mot
[2,5.10"'T. DU'di day la mot kim nam cham nho dat song song vdi day each
momen quay M c6 do Idn:
day R = 2cm. Kim cd the quay quanh true thang difng. Tim gdc quay cua kim
M = INBSsinp =BP,„sinp.
25
(vdi p la goc giiJa phap tuyen cua khung va veetd cam iJng tiT; P,„ la momen khi cho dong dien I = 1,4A = -)=^
^3 A qua day.
tCr cua khung). Bai giai
- V i cam ifng tii' vuong goc vdi phap tuyen cua khung nen P = 90° => sinP = • •
- Khi khung quay mot goc a, day treo tac dung len khung mot momen xoati:
.a
a0
- Khung day d vj tri can bling khi momen liTc tiT bhng momen xo^n cua day Tacd:
treo:M = Mx + Tif trifdng eua dong dien tai vj tri dat nam cham hifdng tif ngoai vao trong.
+ Tif trifdng to'ng hdp d kim nam cham g6m tif trifdng Trai Dat va tif trifdng
I dong dien:
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5i d U B n g h p c s i n h g i 6 i V $ t ly 1 1 . I j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty T N H H M T V D V V H K h a n g Vi?',
B = Bo+B, 5,23. Vong day dSn tron dat thing difng, song song vdi BQ cua Trai Dat. Tai
+ Khi can b^ng kim nam cham c6 phifdng cua B . I tSm vong day treo mot kim nam cham nho. Khi cho dong I qua vong day, kim
2^ I quay goc a - 30°. Hoi phai quay vong day quanh true thing diJng qua tarn
S I mot goc p bao nhieu de kim nam cham lai nam trong mat phang vong day.
.-7 I -7
2.10-''^ 2.10"'.
B, 2.10"^ _ _L Bai giai
r _ a = 300
+ TCr hinh ve, ta c6: tana =—i- =
o 2,5.10 f Ban dau kim nam cham lech vdi phu'dng cua BQ mot goc a vdi:
Vay: Goc quay cua kim la a = 30^. B, B
tana - — (1)
10 B o-
13.21. Mot vong day dan tron ban kinh R = 10cm c6 dong I = 3,2A = — A di
B.
qua. Vong day dat thing diJng song song vdi BQ cua Trai Da't, Bo = 2.10 '^x e sau khi quay khung kim nam cham lai nam trong mat phang vong day thi
Tai tarn vong day, treo mot kim nam cham nho. Tim goc quay ciia kim nam ^tCr truing tdng hdp B phai song song vdi khung day B 1 B j . ,
cham khi ngat dong I . B, .
Bai giai
I Ta c6: sinp = — ( 2 ) 'DOM]/.;
BQ
Goc quay cua kim nam cham khi ngat dong dien:
- Tfir (1) va (2) suy ra: sinP = tana = arcsin(tana) = arcsin(tan30°)« 35°.
10
'ay: Goc ma vong day phai quay la P=:35°. '"''^
27t.l0-^- 2;t.l0-^-'^
_
B,
" I r 01 _ 1 _ • D I E N T I C H C H U Y E N DONG TRONG Ttr TRl/OfNG
r - tana = =1
B -5
o 2.10 l|.24. Hat a chuyen dong trong tiT triTdng c6 cam uTng tCr B = 1,2T theo quy dao
\
•6n CO ban kinh 0,45m. Hay tinh van toe v, chu ki quay T, dong nang W cua
=>a = 45'
\a.t trong lii trUdng va hieu dien the U can thiet da diing de t i n g toe cho hat
Vay: Goc quay cua kim nam cham khi ngat dong I la a = 4 5 ° .
jtru-dc khi di vao tCr tri/dng. Biet hat a la hat nhan nguyen tuf heli c6 khoi
13.22. Mot xolenoit dai / = 20cm gom N = 100 vong n^m ngang trong khong khi,
jliTdng bang 4 Ian kho'i liTdng proton, c6 dien tich +2e, khoi liTdng proton ga'p
true ong vuong g6c v<3i B ^ cua Trai Dat, BQ = 2.10^-'T. Trong long ong c6
840 Ian khoi lUdng electron.
treo mot kim nam cham, khi c6 dong I chay qua xolenoit, kim lech goc a =
Bai giai
45". Tim I . Cho - ^ 0 , 3 2 . Life tijf tac dung len hat a : F = vB.sina = vB ( V I a = 90°)
Bai giai hat chuyen dong theo quy dao tron nen life F dong vai tro la liTc hiTdng tarn:
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B6i diiSng hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KIKUKI ViOt
- Dong nang: Giai doan 1: chuyen dpng diTdi tac dung cua liTc tCr trong khoang chieu dai /,.
Giai doan 2: chuyen dpng thang theo phiTPng cua vectP van toe ngay sau khi
W = - m v ^ = -.6,6976.10"".(2,6.10^)2 = 2,26. lO'^J = 14. lO'eV = 14 MeV,
di het chieu d a i / i - ; .
Vay: Khoang each tif O den electron tai thdi diem t la: / = - ^ ^ . s i n C — . t ) . a.-
V at, VQ _ axj _ a/,
eB 2m tana = = —J- = (6)
13.26. Trong o'ng phong dien tuT ciia may thu ^0
v6 tuyen truyen hinh, electron thoat ra tCf ong giai doan 2: '4
catot K diTpc tang toe va thoat khoi anot ^ _ y2
Ta c6: tana = (7)
A vdi nSng liTpng W = 3keV. Sau do
electron di vao tijf triTdng B cua mot
v.B
cupn day: B vuong goc vdi phUdng ban B/j/j e B/,/2
dau cua electron, B = 1,6.10^T va tac Tir (6) va (7) suy ra: = - m
rav„ 2W
dung trong khoang chieu d a i / ; = 5cm. m
m
Sau khi ra khoi tiT tru'dng, electron chuyen dpng trong ong trong khoang h *
BV2
30cm roi dap vao man huynh quang. Tinh dp lech x cua electron tren ma"- y2 = (8)
Biet lev = 1,6.10 " j . V2mW
I Tir (5) vk (8), ta cd dp l e c h t h e o phU'dng b a n dau eiia electron khi d e n man
Bai giai
Chuyen dpng cua electron tinh tij" sau khi thoat khoi anot dUdc chia lam 'hinhla:
i
giai doan:
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i dUBng hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng cty TNHH MTV DVV!! Kiiany Viet
Bl B/i /, Vay: Mat do cua electron dan la n = 8,1.10^^ m ^; van toe trung binh chuyen
V2mW 2 dong CO hU'dng cua electron V = 3,1.10^ m/s. ,;
mW V2mW
3,28. May phat dien tif thuy dong (MHD). Tu phang dien tich moi ban la S,
l,6.10~''^.l,6.10'-\0,05
=>x = + « 0,142m = 14,2cm. khoang each giiJa hai ban la d difdc dat trong mot dong plasma dan dien c6
V2.9,1.10"^'.(3.10\l,6.10"''^) dien trd suat p . Plasma chay vdi van toe v khong doi song song hai ban. He
Vay: Do lech cua electron tren man la X = 14,2cm. thong du'dc dat trong tif tru'dng c6 B song song hai ban va vuong goc v . Hai
13.27. Hieu ufng Hall: dong dien I - 20A chay qua mot thanh dong c6 tie't dien ban tu dien no'i vdi mot dien trd R.
hinh chi? nhat, chieu ngang a = 0,5mm, chieu cao h = 10mm. Thanh dong dudc Giai thich tai sao tu dien lai c6 tac dung nhu' mot nguon dien cung cap dong
dat vao mot tuf tru'dng c6 B = IT, B vuong goc vdi canh h va chieu dono dien khong doi cho R. Tinh cong sua't tieu thu cua R.
dien. Khi nay, giiJa hai mat tren va dudi cua thanh dong xuat hien mot hieu Vdi gia trj nao ciia R, cong suat la cifc dai ? Tinh gia tri cifc dai nay ?
dien the U = 3,1.10'^V. Giai thich hien tufdng, tinh mat dp electron dan trong Ap dung so: S = I m ^ d = Im; B = 2T; p = 10"^Qm ; v = lOOOm/s.
dong va van toe trung blnh cua chuyen dong CO hU'dng cua chiing.
Bai giai
Bai giai
Cong suat tieu thu ciia R
Giai thich hien tu'dng:
Giai thich:
+ Trong hinh ve dong dien c6 chieu tif
' B Vi dong plasma dan dien nen khi
trifdc ra sau, nen van toe v ctia electron
chuyen dong trong tif tru'dng B thi se
dan hU'dng tiT sau ra tru'dc (ngU'dc chieu
chiu tac dung ctia life tif.
dong dien). < >
. a
+ V i electron chuyen dong trong tif tru'dng B nen se chju tac dung life tif. Theo
quy t^c ban tay trai ap dung cho hat mang dien am, life tac dung len V i van to'c v cua dong plasma vuong goc vdi B nen life tif tac dung len dong
electron se hU'dng xuong. Do do, sau mot thdi gian, phan du'di cua thanh dong plasma vuong goc vdi cac ban tu. Du'di tac dung cua life tif nay dan den sir
tich dien am con phan tren tich dien du'dng, khi nay giiJa mat tren va mat phan bo dien tich trai dau tren hai ban cua tu. Khi noi hai ban tu vdi dien trd
difdi cua thanh dong xuat hien mot dien tru'dng c6 chieu tif tren xuong. Khi R thi se CO dong dien qua R, khi do tu dien dong vai tro nhU' mot nguon dien.
thdi gian tang len thi cifdng do dien tru'dng nay cung tSng, den liic life dien Tinh cong suat tieu thu tren R:
tru'dng tac dung len electron can bang vdi life tif tac dung len electron thi la Tacd: P = I^R (1)
difdc mot hieu dien the xac dinh la U. E
vdi 1= (2)
+ Theo tren ta c6: Fd = F, <=> E = vB.sina. R+R.
U (R,: la dien trd cua phan plasma nam trong khong gian giifa hai ban cua tu; E:
o E = vB.sina o — = vB.sina
h la suat dien dong).
U 3,1.10"
V = = 3,1.10"^m/s Tacd: R, = p . - (3)
hB.sina l0.10"^l.sin90^
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5i du8ng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng 1 Cty TNHH MTV DVVii Kh^mo V-pt
A = Fd = qvBd; E = vBd (4) Tac dung cua life tur len electrdn: , ,- ,
Thay (4) vao (2), ta diTdc: I = — — (5)
j+ Theo V, lam electron chuyen dong tron vdi ban kinh R.
v'B'd' + Theo lam electron chuyen dong thang deu vdi van toe V2 = v.cosa doc
Thay (5) vao (I), ta diTdc: P =
theo phu'dng cua B .
Do tham gia dong thdi hai chuyen dong nen electron chuyen dong theo du^ng
Vay: Cong sua't tieu thu cua R la P = -.R '.'xoKnocvdi: : C \ ) ' ' ^ v ^ , ^^r/v'^tr'
i 1.:
r,' r . f""^! mv.sina x O = ' ' : i * : 5 # ' f c f ^ ' ^ ^ ' u q ; - > ^ ' ' V
b) Xac djnh R de cong sua't P dat ciTc dai Bankmh:R= -= .
v'B'd' t= eB eB
Ta c6: P = .R =^P = P,.„,khi (R + p - ) ^ ^ . '+ BiTdc xoSn: h = V2t, vdi =eBv.cosa; t: bang
eB eB thdi gian electron chuyen
|Vay:dong Quydifdc mot
cuavong tron ban kinh R.xoan 6c vdi ban kinh R = mv.sma
27tR dao27im electron
,
va h =, 1^ di/dng
v.cosa.27rm 27tmv.cosa ' • eB
- Theo bat dang thiJc Co-si, ta c6: R + p - > 2 J R . p - . 27tmv.cosa .
S V S bu'dc xo^n h =
eB
(R + p - ) n , i „ = 2. R . p - khi va chi khi R = p - . b) Cong cua liTc tijT tac dung len electron
v^B^d^ v^B^dS Theo thanh phan '^M"? electron bKng 0 nen cong cua liTc tir
va P = P :heo thanh phan niy b^ng 0. s. ^
4p
" max J Theo thanh phan Vj li/c tilf tac dung len electron khac 0, nhiTng vi electron
- Ap dung so: R =4 IQ-^j p- = 10"^^. ;huyen dong tron theo th^nh phan nay cong cua lire tir tac dung len electron
Tong mot chu ki cung bhng 0. .fc ,
1000^2^1.1 = 10.10^W= i o \ w . Vay: Cong lire tir tac dung len electron bkng 0.
va P.„„„ = Jo. Hai hat nho giong nhau, c6 dien tich q v^ khoi liTdng m, chuyen dong
4.10"
Vay: De P = P,„,„ thi R = 10"^" va P„,ax = !0\W. long thdi tir mot diem theo phiTdng vuong goc vdi vectd cam u'ng tCr B trong
13.29. Mot electron c6 van toe v df vao mot tif tru'dng deu, B hdp vdi v goc a • not tir trirdng deu. Hay bieu dien khoang each giffa hai hat theo thdi gian,
a) Electron chuyen dong theo quy dao the nao? Tinh cac kich thiTdc cua q^O leu van toe dau cua chiing cung chieu va blng Vj va V2 . Bo qua tiTdng tac
dao do. inh dien giCTa hai hat dien.
b) Tinh cong cua lire ttr tac dung len electrons. s Bai giai
Bai giai id sijf ban dau hai hat cilng d diem O. Sau thdi gian
a) Quy dao cua electron chuyen dong hat thuT nhat den A, hat thu" hai den B.
- Vi vectd v hdp vdi B mot goc a nen ta phan tich v thanh hai thanh phan: 2mv, qB 2mv, . qB ,
^ a c 6 : 0 A = — ! - s i n ( - 2 ^ t ) ; OB = ^sin(^t).
i + V, vuong goc vdi B . qB 2m qB 2m
+ V j song song vdi B . : • I
401
Cty TNHH M Khang Vi^t
B6i duang hoc sinh gi6i Vgt 1;^ 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn PhCi B6ng
- V i van toe goc cua hat thif nha't va hat thtf hai d i u b i n g nhau va Ichu'ng minh viing tit triTdng d e u c6 the xem nhU' mot "giTdng phan x a " electron
qB [Ta c6: H i e n tU'dng phan xa ifng vdi tru'dng hdp thu" hai 6 cau a. L u c do, du'di
CO = nen trong ciing thdi gian t thi goc quay (j) cua hai bdn k i n h den ic dung cua life Lorenxd, electron chuyen dpng trong vung ttr tru'dng theo
m
nhau (hinh v e ) , suy ra ba d i e m O, A , B nkm tren ciing du'dng t h i n g . l u y dao la m o t cung tron ban kinh R = — . N e u gpi i la goc ma electron
A B = O B - O A = — ( V , - V, )sin(-3?-.t)
qB ^ ' 2m l y vao vting ttr tri/dng, i ' la goc ma electron bay ra k h o i ttr tru'dng thi ta de
|dang chiTng minh dirdc: i ' = i , nghTa la "goc phan x a " bkng "goc t d i " .
V a y : K h o a n g c d c h g i f f a h a i h a t l a : r(t) = — - V j ) s i n ( — . t ) , vdi Vj > < B e day t o i thieu cua vting ttr triTdng ^^ Q
qB 2m Ta thay: Be day t o i thieu cua vting ttr tru'dng
13.31. M o t electron dang bay v d i van toe v thi lot vao m o t tif tru'dng de U c | | CO hien tU'dng phan xa l a : dmin = H K .
vectd cam ufng tii B vuong goc vdi vectd van toe v . d„,in = O K - O H = R - Rsini = R ( l - sini)
+ electron sau k h i di mot doan trong tiJf tru'dng se "chui" ra ngoai theo hi/^ni chieu sao cho ttr thong m^ no sinh ra qua mach k i n chong l a i sir bien thien
"khucxa"(hinhc).
- Trong mach k i n : Ec = -
At
(AO) la dp bien thien cua ttr thong trong thdi gian A t ) .
A<D
( N e u mach k i n c6 N vong day t h i : = "'^
- Trong doan day co chieu dai / chuyen dpng v d i v i n toe v trong ttr tri/dng B :
Ec = B/vsina ( a = [ B , v ] ) ... , ,
Hinhb
Hinh a Hinhc
403
402
i duSng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn PhCi B6ng CtyTNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t
B. NHIJNQ CHIJ Y K H I GIAI BAI T A P Dung dinh luat L e n x d xac djnh chieu dong dien cam iJng trong khung day
~- K h i ap dung dinh luat Lenxcf de xac djnh chieu dong dien can chii y „ - I n trong cac tru-cJng hdp sau:
' triTcJng hcJp cu the: Thanh nam cham rdi den gan khung day, sau do di qua khung day va rdi ra xa
J,, + Ne'u O tang, dong dien cam uTng trong mach Ic se tao ra ttr trudng
Ichung day.
ngiTdc chieu vdi tiT triTdng ban dau B de chong lai sif tang cua <t>. : o n chay cua bien trd R di chuyen sang phai. ^,«, ,
+ N e u <t> giam, dong dien cam iJug trong mach Ic se tao ra tCf trudng g igit khoa K (ban dau dang dong). . S
cung chieu v d i tH tri/dng ban dau B de chong lai s\i giam cua O. Chung day trong tiT tri/cfng ban dau hinh vuong, sau do duTdc k^o thanh hinh
Nhu vay, each xac djnh chieu ciia Ic nhiT sau: chOrnhat ngay cang d e t d i . ' ><. = ; .
•• • Xac dinh chieu cua B : De bai cho, dac d i e m tif trifdng cua nam cham, cac iTa khung day ra xa dong dien.
I quy t^c " C a i dinh o'c" xac dinh chieu cua B . ' a m cirdng do dong dien trong xolenoit.
I • Xac dinh xem O tSng hay giam: DiTa vao bieu thiJc O = BScosa .
• Xic dinh chieu cua B^: DiTa vao sir tang, giam cua O.
' j • Xac djnh chieu cua Ic: Theo quy t^c " C a i dinh oc" (hoac quy tac "Nam tay
phai").
- K h i xac djnh sua't dien dong cam ilng, dong dien cam ifng can chu y : K
a- -V-
+ Dung cdc cong thiJc tinh suat dien dong cam ufng trong mach k i n va trong
doan day chuyen dong.
(c)
+ K e t hdp v d i cac cong thlJc ve djnh luat 6 m de xac djnh cac dai liTdng dien
n h i f l , r,...
+ K e t hdp v d i cdc djnh luat N i u - t d n de xac dinh cac dai lu'dng cd hoc nhif v, D
a, s,...
1 4 . 1 . M o t nam cham di/dc di/a lai gan mot vong hanh nam cham rdi xuong
day dan nhiT hinh ve. H o i dong dien cam tfug — ] i nam cham rdi de'n
trong v6ng c6 chieu n^o ? V o n g day se di in khung day thi tiJf
chuyen ve phia nao ?
hong tang, B^ ngi/dc
• •. B a i g i a i
chieu vdi B , dong dien
- K h i diTa nam cham lai gan thi tif thong tang
B ^0 -r- am uTng cd chieu:
nen BQ ngi/dc chieu v d i B . Theo quy t^c
A-^D-^C->B->A. ^
" N ^ m tay p h a i " thi Ic c6 chieu nhiT hmh ve. S _ N y
K h i nam cham di qua khung day va rdi ra xa
- Vi mat ben trai cua vong day la mat B^c ( N )
hung day thi tif thong giam, B,. ciing chieu
nen vong day se bi day, di chuyen ve ben
phai. vdi B, dong dien cam uTng c6 chieu
A-^B->C->D^A.
405
404
Cty TNHH W T V D W I T K n a n g V i e i
i dii8ng hgc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t i p 1 - Nguygn Phu e 6 n g
b) Con chay cua bi6n trd R di chuyen sang phai Hai vong day dan tron ciing ban kinh dat dong
B
Ta cd: TCr triTdng B cua dong dien I cd m, vuong goc nhau, each dien vdi nhau. V 6 n g mot
6 dong dien I di qua. K h i g i a m I , trong vong hai cd
chieu ttf trong ra ngoai. K h i con chay cua
6ng dien cam i?ng khong ? N e u cd, hay xae djnh
bien ltd R di chuyen sang phai = > dien tret
h i e u dong dien cam iJng tren hinh ve.
tang, nen cU'cJng do dong dien I giam, tuf
Bai giai
thong qua khung giam, BQ ciing chieu v d i
'ir trirdng eua dong dien I trong vong day tron 1 ed phU'dng vuong goc vdi
B, dong dien cam lifng c6 chieu: ^ a t phang vong day 1, nghTa la song song v d i mat phang vong day 2. Do vay
A B - > C-> D A .
hi I bien thien thi tiT tru'dng do I gay ra bien thien nhiTng cac du'dng siJe dien
c) Khi ngat khoa K (ban dau K dong): ^
ong song v d i m a t ' p h a n g vong dSy 2 nen tiT thong qua vong day 2 b^ng
- Ban dau K dong, B c6 chieu hU'dng len. khong nen khong cd dong dien cam iifng xuat hien trong vong day 2.
- Trong thdi gian ngat K, dong dien trong
l4.4. Cupn day cd N = 100 vong, dien tich moi vong S = 300cm^ cd true song
. cuon day giam nen cam (Jng tif qua khung
song vdi B cua tir tru'dng deu, B = 0,2T. Quay deu cupn day de sau
1 day A B C D giam => ttf triTdng cam iJng
At = 0,5s, true cua nd vuong gdc v d i B . Tinh suat dien dong cam ilng trung
Bp cDng chieu vdi B => dong dien cam
iinh trong cupn day.
drng Ic CO chieu A->B->C->D->A.
d) K e o khung day thanh hinh chiJ nhat ngay cang det d i NBS.Ccosttj - c o s a j )
)6 Idn cua suat dien dong cam tfng: E =
K h i hai hinh c6 ciing chu vi thi hinh At At
vuong cd dien tich Idn hdn hinh chu" :, ,
,-4
D B. 100.0,2.300.10
nhat. Do do, trong qua trinh keo thi •
' /> = 1,2V
0,5
dien tich cua khung giam dan, dan
V a y : Suat dien dong cam uTng trung binh trong cupn day la E = 1,2V.
den itr thong qua khung giam => ttf
A 1.5. V o n g day dong ( p = l,75.10"*Q.m) di/dng kinh d = 20cm, tiet dien So =
tru'dng cam i^ng B^^ ciing chieu vdi
AB
B => dong dien cam (Jng Ic c6 [Smm^ dat vuong gdc vdi B cua ttr triJdng deu. T i n h dp bien thien — cua
A
chieu A - > B C - > D A .
cam ijfng tiT khi dong dien cam ufng trong vong day la I = 2A.
e) DiCa khung day ra xa dong dien
. Bai giai
K h i du'a khung day ra xa dong dien thi tuf thong giam,
Bat dien dong cam iJng xuat hien trong vong day cd dp Idn:
B(, Cling chieu vdi B , dong dien cam ilng Ic c6 chieu:
©
Be AO A(BS) AB 7id^ AB;;
A - > B ^ C ^ D - > A . D E = = S
At At At 4 At"
f) Giam ci/dng do dong dien trong xolenoit
/ 7td
K h i giam ciTdng dp d6ng dien trong D i e n trd ciia vong day: R = p - = p — .
S HiV I S 3
D
/ /
x o l e n o i t thi tiT thong giam, B^, ciing
Tcd^ AB
chieu v d i B , dong dien cam iJug c6 E 4 _ dS AB
A B Cirdng dp dong dien cam ilng qua vong day: I = — = — Ttd 4p • At
chieu A^D->C->B->A.
.1
406 •••^v-
i duBng hpc sinh gidi vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng Cty TMHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
4.8. Vong day dan dien tich S = 100cm^ dien trd R = 0,01 Q quay deu trong tir
At dS 0,2.5.10-^ tru'dng deu B = 0,05T, true quay la mot du'dng kinh cua vong day va vuong goc
AR vdi B . Tim cirdng dp trung binh cua dong dien trong vong va dien liTpng qua
Vay: Do bien thien cam u^ng tiT trong mot ddn vj thdi gian la = 0,14T/s
tiet dien vong day neu trong thdi gian At = 0,5s, goc a = (n, B) thay ddi tCif 60°
At
14.6. Cuon day N = 1000 vong, dien tich moi vong S = 20cm^ c6 true song song den 90°.
Bai giai
vdi B cua tCr trirdng deu. Tinh do bien thien AB cua cam u^ng tif trong thdj
Sua't dien dong cam li'ng xua't hien trong vong day:
gian At = iO'^s khi c6 suat dien dong cam iJug Ec = lOV trong cuon day.
Bai giai AO BS(cos90°-cos60°) 0,05.100.10"^cos60"
E= = 5.10-V
- Sua't dien dong cam uTng xua't hien trong cuon day c6 dp Idn: At At 0,5
AO AB E.At 10.10"^
E= = NS >AB = = 0,05T 5.10 -4
At At NS 1000.20.10"'* Cu'dng dp trung binh cua dong dien trong vong day: I = — = = 0,05A
R 0,01
Vay: Dp bien thien AB cua cam (Jng tuf trong thdi gian At = 10"^s la Dien liTdng qua tiet dien vong day: q = It = 0,05.0,5 = 0,025C.
AB = 0,05T. Vay: Cu'dng dp trung binh cua dong dien trong vong day va dien lu'dng qua
14.7. Cuon day kim loai (p = 2.10"^fi.m ), N = 1000 vong, diTcfng kinh d = 10cm, tiet dien vong day la 0,05A va 0,025C.
tiet dien day S = 0,2mm^ c6 true song song vdi B cua tuf triTdng deu. Tdc do 4.9. Vong day dan dong cha't dat trong tCf tru^dng bie'n thien deu c6 B vuong
AB goc vdi mat phdng vong day.
bien thien — = 0,2T/s. Cho TI « 3,2 . ) Tinh hieu dien the' giQa hai diem bat ki tren vong. ;
At
a) Noi hai dau cuon day vdi mot tu dien C = 1 ^ . Tinh dien tich cQa tu dien. ) Mac vao hai diem ba't ki cua vong mot von ke dien tiT, kim von ke c6 lech
khong ?
b) No'i hai dau cuon day vdi nhau. Tinh ci/dng dp dong cam ifng v^ cong suat
nhiet trong cuon day. Bai giai
) Hieu dien the giffa hai diem bat ki tren vong
Bai giai
Ta c6: Sua't dien dong cam li'ng xua't hien trong cuon day c6 dp Idn: Xet doan day ACB, ta c6: EACB = - ^ . E (E ti le vdi chieu dai day hay ti le
R
AO AB Tcd^ AB 1000.71.0, r
E= = NS = N. -.0,2= 1,6V vdi dien trd day).
At At 4 At 4
Gia sur dong dien c6 chieu nhiT hinh ve, theo djnh luat 6m ta cd:
a) Dien tich cua tu dien: Q = CU = CE = 1.1,6 = 1,6 ^C .
R, R,
UAB = I R A C B - E A C B = - ^ . E - ^ . E =0
b) Cu'dng dp dong cam iJng va. cong sua't nhiet trong cuon day R K
Dien trd cua cuon day: R = p - = p ~ = 2.10"^ TT-O. 1-1000 ^ Vay: Hieu dien thegiffa hai diem ba't ki tren vong la
S S 0,2.10'^ U = 0.
409
BfiidiJSng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu e6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi$t
14.10. Khung day dan tiet dien deu c6 dang hai nuTa du'dng AO, a B a/2 F
AB
.Sj =kS, =ka2(V)
tron nh\i hinh ve, du'dng kinh d = 40cm, dien trd cua At At ® B ® B
mot ddn vi chieu dai day Ro = 0,5Q/m. Khung day dat E, -
+ Chieu dong dien cam uTng I , : B tang ® R- 1
trong ttr triTcJng deu c6 B vuong goc vdi mat phang , Be
nen B„ ngiTPc chieu vdi B , dong I i
khung. Mot ampe ke' (RA = 0) du'dc m^c no'i tie'p trong ° ^ • D C E
mach nh\i hinh ve. Tinh so chi cua ampe ke neu B thay di ttr A d e n D.
doi theo thdi gian theo quy luat B = Kt, K = 2T/s. + Vdi dong dien I i , Ei tiTdng diTdng vdi nguon cd eye am n6'i vdi A, circ
f + Chieu ddng dien cam tfng I2: B tSng nen Bg ngiTdc chieu vdi B , dong I2
R^ = R3 = y .0,5 = - ^ ^ . 0 , 5 = 0,l7t(Q) I3
di ttr E den F.
= 0,436Q + Vdi dong dien I2, E2 tiTdng diTdng vdi nguon c6 circ am noi vdi E, circ
- 1^+iR: 3^ = 0 ', l 7 r + 0,2 + 0,l7c
Dien trd toan mach: R = R , + R
I difdng noi vdi F.
% Sua't dien dong cam uTng xuat hien trong khung:
Ap dung djnh luat Om cho cac doan mach BC, ta c6:
AO ABS 7td^ 3,14.0,4^ (1)
E = = 2S = 2. = 2. + UBC = - E l + Ii.3ar = - Ijar ^ -Ka^ + Ii.3ar = - Isar.
At At 8 25 Ka^
+ UBC = E2 - l2-2ar = - Isar - I2.2ar = - har. (2)
dayiar. 7Ka
ay: +Cifdng dp dong dien qua nhanh trai: I i = IBAC =
^ Tinh cirdng dp dong dien qua tirng ph^n cua 22r
>j khung day. Ka
+Cifdng dp dong dien qua nhdnh giuTa: I3 = ICB =
Baigiai 22r"
- Xet khung day ABCD: 3Ka
+Cifdng dp dong dien qua nhanh phai: I2 = ICEB = U r
+ Suat dien dong cam lirng El:
410 411
B6i dugng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, tap 1 - NguySn Phu Dfing D W H Khang
hdp v d i mat phang ngang, goc a. Dau K h i lay thanh dan di r o i sau do giiJ cho ttr tru'dng khong doi tiJc la ta noi 2 ban
d\id\a hai ray noi vdi mot tu dien C. tu CO dien tieh khae da'u vdi nhau, dien tich cua 2 tu bay g i d la Q p Q 2 .
He thong dat trong mot ttr trufdng B thang Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich: Q j + = - Qi •
diJng hu'dng len. Khoang each giffa hai
Q; _ Q2 _ Q'I+Q2 _ Q2-Q1 _ ^ R ' K ( C , - C , )
ray la /. Bo qua dien trcl cua mach. M a t khae: U j = U 2 o
Tinh gia toe chuyen dong cua thanh M N . '1
Bai giai
Qi = ^-77777^ ;Q2=
2 C1+C2 • 2 C,+ C2
- K h i thanh chuyen dong, sua't dien dong cam iJng Ec bang:
V a y : D i e n tieh tren cac ban tu sau khi lay thanh dan d i \h.
Ec = B l v . s i n ( ^ - a ) = Blv.eosa = U(^
TtR^KC, C2 - C , . _ ;cR^KC2 C 2 - C 1
- D i e n tich tren tu d i e n : q = Cuc = CB/v.cos a . Q, =
C1+C2 C1+C2
d
- Cu'dng do dong dien xuat hien trong mach: i = — = CBla.cosa 4.14. M o t eai vong c6 dirdng kinh d, khoi liTdng m v ^ d i e n trd R rdi vao mot tijf
d, triTdng ttr dp cao kha Idn. M a t phang vong luon n ^ m ngang va vuong goc vdi
- Lire tijf tac dung len thanh: F = B i / = CB^/^.cos a . B . T i m van toe r d i deu cua vong ne'u B thay doi theo dp cao h theo quy luat
- Tuf djnh luat I I N i u - t d n , ta c6: Psin a - Fcos a = ma B = Bo(l + a h). Coi gia toe trpng triTdng g la khong d o i va bo qua siJc can
Omg.sina -CB¥a.cos^" = ma <=>a(m + C B ¥ . C O S ^ " ) = mg.sina cua m o i triTdng.
mgsma Bai giai
=> a =
m+CB^/^cos^a K h i vong rdi d e u , dong nang cua vong khong d o i nen dp g i a m the ning cua
mgsma vong bang nhiet li/dng do vong toa ra.
V a y : Gia toe chuyen dong ciia thanh M N la a =
m + CB^/^cos^a AO
Sua't d i e n dong cam ufng xuat hien trong vong: Ec = At
14.13. M o t vong day dan tron ban kinh R c6 mot thanh dan
dat doe theo mot di/dng kinh ehia doi vong day. d giiJa
A(BS) A(Bo(H-ah)-^)_^^ Ah
m o i nijfa vong day c6 mot tu dien, dien dung C i , C2. -.B.a.
At At At
V o n g day dat trong tilf tru'dng deu c6 B vuong goc v d i
mat phang vong day, B thay doi theo quy luat B(t) = K t , Ah
K la mot hang so. T a i mot thdi d i e m nao do ngu'di ta At = V => Ec = — . B n t t . v (v m van t6c rdi deu ciia vong).
lay thanh dan d i r o i sau do gii? cho tiT triTcfng khong d o i . E, Ttd^Bgav
Ci/6ng dp dong d i $ n trong vong: I = - r ^ = — 7 ^ —
T i m d i e n tich tren cac tu sau do.
R 4R
Bai giai . h
Theo dinh luat bao toan nang liTdng, ta c6: mgh = R I t, v d i ^ = ^ •
- Suaft d i e n dong cam lifng xuat hien trong vong day:
= -lis—1:=
AO nd^B^av , n^d^'B^a^v^ 16mgR
E =
At At 2
413
BSTduang hpc sinh giSi vat ly 11, tjp 1 - NguySn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Uigl
16mgR ngin chay qua dien ke xung kich, dien ke chi mot dp lech. D p lech nay ti le
V a y : V a n toe rdi deu cua vong la v =
TT^d'^B^a^ v d i dien lu^png do dong dien chuyen qua dien k e , neu thcJi gian dong dien
14.15. M o t khung day dan hinh vuong canh a, khoi liTdng m , dien t r d R duo chay qua la nho so vdi chu k i dao dpng rieng cua bp phan dpng trong dien ke.
truyen mot van toe ban dau theo phi/dng ngang. Khung chuyen dpng tron D a i liTpng xac djnh bKng ti le giffa dien li/png chuyen qua dien ke va dp lech
mat ph^ng thang diJng trong mot tiT triTdng vuong g6c v d i mat khung. cua dien ke gpi la h i n g so xung kich cua dien k e .
Cam iJng tijf B thay d d i theo quy luat B(y) = D d do cam u^ng tif, ta dat cupn day vao khu viTc can do, sao eho mat phing
Bo + kv, k = const. Sau mot thdi gian khung i ^^ eua cupn day vuong gdc vdi tiT tri^dng. K h i do tiT thong qua cupn day la ciTe
dat van toe khong doi v. T i m van to'e ban dai. Sau do ta keo nhanh cupn day ra khoi tCr triTdng, k h i e n eho tCf thong qua
dau truyen eho khung. C o i gia toe trong cupn day g i a m den khong. Trong cupn day xuaft hien sua't dien dpng cam iJng
triTcJng g la khong d d i va bo qua life can cua (J) g v l trong mach eua cupn day va dien ke eo mot dong d i e n ngin, chuyen qua
m o i trirdng. dien ke mot dien liTdng cam ufng. TiT triTdng cang manh, thi k h i ta keo cupn
Bai giai day ra, dp bien thien tiT thong cang Idn va dien li/png chuyen qua dien ke
- Chuyen dong cua khung day la tdng hdp cua chuyen dong deu v d i van toe xung kich cang Idn. V i vay, bang each xac dinh dp lech cua dien k e , ta do
diTdc cam i^ng tiT. Trong thiTc te, ngiTdi ta rat hay dCing phiTdng phap nay de do
di/dc truyen v^ theo phu^cfng nam ngang (theo true x ) va chuyen dpng theo
cam iJng tiJf.
phiTdng t h i n g duTng (doe theo true z).
T i r thong qua n vong eua cupn day khi no n^m trong tir tru-dng la: = BSn .
j,^ Theo phu'Png thang diJng, khung chju tac dung eua life trpng triTdng va life tir
giiTa dong dien cam ij-ng trong khung va tiT triTcfng. Luc dau, khung rdi nhanh K h i ta k6o cupn day ra k h o i tif triTdng, tir thong (!?2 qua nd bSng khong, do do
dan, sau do dat van toe khong ddi nen: mg = BIl dp bien thien tir thong la: A O = O2 - O , = - B S n .
AB.S ka^ K h i tir thong qua cupn day bien thien, trong cupn day xuat hien suat dien
Cirdng dp dong dien trong khung: I = =
R R.At R dO " '
dong cam iTng: Cc =
ka^ dt
m g = ka. .a .V = ^
e
R ' kV Trong mach cua cupn day va dien ke c6 dong dien I = • D i e n lirdng
V a n toe toan phan v cua khung khi chuyen dpng deu: R
chuyen qua mach dien ke trong khoang thdi gian dt la:
V K H dq = I d t = ^ d t = -—do
^ R R
14.16. D e do cam iJng tiT giffa hai ciTc cua mot nam cham dien, ngiTdi ta dat vao
K h i tir thong bien thien mot lirdng A O thi dien lirpng chuyen qua dien ke l a
do mot cupn day nho g o m N = 50 vong, noi v d i mot dien ke xung kich, mat
p h i n g cupn day vuong gdc vdi B , dien tieh vong day S = 2cm^ dien trd cupn Aq = D o do, k h i ta keo cupn day ra k h o i tir triTdng, dien liTdng chuyen
R
day raft nho, dien trd dien ke R = 2.10^Q. K h i keo nhanh cupn day ra khoi tCr
-AO BSn
trirdng cua nam cham thi dien ke lech 50 dp chia. B i e t khi ed mot dien liTdng qua dien ke l a : Aq = . D i e n luTdng Aq chuyen qua dien ke" xung
2.10"^C di qua dien ke thi k i m dien ke lech mot dp chia. T i n h cam iJng tijT cua
kich chi mot dp lech p. V i the Aq = pC . Blng each do dp lech p, ta c6 the
nam cham dien.
_ R ^ _ RCP ^ 2 . 1 0 l 2 . 1 0 " ^ 5 0 ^ ^ 2 7
Bai giai xac dinh diTdc cam uTng tir B : B
Sn bn 2.10-^.50
- D i e n k e xung kich la mot loai dien ke nhay, m l bp phan dpng (khung day) c6
quin tinh Idn, nen c6 chu k i dao dpng rieng Idn. K h i c6 mot xung dong dien V a y : C a m iTng tiJf cua nam cham dien I I B = 0,2T.
414 .
B6i duang hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11. t$p 1 - Mguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi^t
T i r ( l ) v a (2) ta c 6 :
t i f t h o n g q u a c u o n n a y b i e n t h i e n A O , t r o n g m a c h c u a d i e n k e x u n g k i c h c6
.,(1 l\»')b i^U'llit!'
d i e n lUOng A q c h a y q u a , v d i : g -;tR2=f:2^=Eo.27rR ( E o = ^ ) = > E o = ^
q q 2
AO 2 N' 2, B
'
S ,.:•;:#,„,,
Aq = kR
V a y : C i r d n g d p d i e n t r i f d n g x o d y E t r e n v o n g d a y l a EQ =
„ • I.'-
- D i e n k e xung kich chi mot do lech a = — . DOAN D A Y D A N C H U Y E N D O N G TRONG T i f TRl/CfNG
C >?Sv,' . 1 9 . D o a n d a y d a n / = I m c h u y e n d o n g v d i v a n t o e v = 0,5m/s t h e o p h i f d n g
_ _ 2 N , B S ^ 2N3^^tonIS ^ 2N,^^oN,IS h d p v d i B c u a t i f triTdng d e u g o c a = 30°, B = 0,2T. T i n h suat d i e n d o n g xua't
R R Rl
hien trong day. ,j
^ CaR/ ^ 1,2.10-^256.12.0,6 _ ^^^^ B a i giai
g] 2^oN,N2SI 2.47t. 1 0 - ^ 8 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 , 4 5 . 1 0 " ^ . 0 , 5 ~ Suat d i e n d o n g xuat h i e n trong cuon day: ,,
V a y : D o t i r t h a m c u a l o i s^t l a = 1517 . E B/vsin a = 0,2.1.0,5.sin 30° = 0 , 0 5 V . ^
Chu y : P h i f d n g p h a p n e u t r o n g b a i ra't h a y di/dc d u n g d e d o d o t i f t h a m c u a cac V a y : E = 0,05V.
J1 / /
keo tru'dt deu tren hai thanh ray kim B / 1,2-0,2
Cufdng dp dong dien trong mach: I =
loai nkm ngang nhiT hinh ve. Cac ray
n6'i vdi nhau bang dien trd R = l,5Q. I V i thanh trffdt deu nen: F = o BIl = |img
Van t6c A B la v = 6m/s. He thong dat BIl 0,1.2.0,2
= 0,4
trong mot tCf triTdng deu B th^ng du'ng mg 0,01.10
(B = 0,4T). Bo qua dien trd ray va thanh
Vay: Cirdng dp ddng di$n trong mach la I = 2A,
AB. he so' ma sat giffa thanh AB va ray 1^ 0,4.
Tim ci/dng dp dong dien cam tfng qua R.
419
Cty TNHH IVITV DWH Khang Vi6t
B6\g hgc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguyjn Phu D6ng
^ ^ j ^ E - E , ^ E - B l v => V = E - I r 1.2-1,8.0,5 4.26. Mot he thong day dan dat nam ngang nhiT
r r Bl 01.0,2 = 15m/s hinh. Thanh Hz triTdt tren eac canh Ox, Oy va
Lure k6o tae dung len AB: Fk + F - =0 luon vuong gdc vdi phan giac OH, Hz tiep xuc
=>Fk = F„„-F= ^img-BIl =0,4.0,01.10-0,1.1,8.0,2 = 4.10-^N. vdi Ox, Oy tai M va N. Gdc xOy = 2 a . Van toe
Vay: Van toe cua thanh la v = 15m/s, do Idn cua life keo thanh la Fk = 4.10^(^ chuyen dong cua thanh Hz khong doi va bang v.
14.25. Thanh dong MN khoi lu^dng m = 2g trifdt Cac day dan deu ciing lam bhng mot chat, ciing IV
deu khong ma sAt vdi v = 5m/s tren hai thanh tiet dien va cd dien trd bang r cho moi ddn vi dai.
Bo qua dien trd tiep xiic tai M, N.
dong thang dufng song song each nhau khoang
® B He thong dat trong mot tCr tru'dng deu thang difng, cd c a m ilng tir B. Khi
/ = 50cm tif tru'dng B nam ngang nhu" hinh ve,
thanh Hz trU'dt tren Ox, Oy, hay xac dinh chieu va cU'dng dp dong dien cam
B = 0,2T. Bo qua dien trd ede thanh va dien M
iifng chay qua MN.
trd tiep xiie. Cho g = 1 Om/sl
Bai giai
a) Tinh suat dien dong cam Ung trong MN.
Suat dien dong earn i^ng xua't hien tren MN: Ec = B/v.
b) Tinh liTc dien tiT, chieu va do Idn dong dien earn tfng. Dien trd cua toan mach: R = ( 20M + MN)r
c) TinhR. MN „ . . MN 1
Bai giai vdi sina = OM =
20M 2sina 2sina
a) Suat dien dong cam tfug xuat hien tren thanh MN
Ta e6: Ec = B/vsina = 0,2.0,5.5.1 = 0,5V. R = ( — + l)r = l( 1 + l)r
b) Life dien tiT, chieu va do Idn dong dien cam iirng sma sma
- Thanh MN trU'dt xuong do tac dung cua trong lye. Luc do tiT thong qua mach Cirdng do dong dien chay trong day dan MN:
Er- Blv Bvsina
tang, xua't hien suat dien dong cam ufng Ec va cU'dng do dong dien cam iJng R ,^ 1 + sina, (1 + sina)r
Ic. Thanh AB c6 dong dien Ic di qua se chju life tir F cua tif tru'dng B . Dc K—: )r
sma
chong lai siT bie'n thien tiT thong qua mach, lufc tijf F se cd chieu hU'dng len. Theo quy tac "Ban tay phai" ta xac dinh diTdc chieu dong dien qua MN tir M
- Khi thanh rdi deu: F = P = mg = 2.10 \0 = 2.10^'N. denN.
4' D o Idn dong dien earn iJng: Vay: CiTdng do dong dien cam ti'ng chay qua MN la I = .
F 2.10"^
= 0,2A. (1 + s m a ) r
Bl 0,2.0,5
: Vay: Lire dien tirF = 2.10'^N, .27. Khung day dan hinh chiT nhat ACCA dat th^ng diTng, mot phan khung
dong dien cam lirng Ic = 0,2A. nam trong tir triTdng cd dirdng cam ufng vuong gdc vdi mat phang khung. TiT
c) TinhR tru'dng coi la deu (B = IT) trong khoang MNPQ va bang 0 ngoai khoang do.
Sua't dien dong cam iifng xua't hien tren thanh: Ec = B/v = 0,2.0,5.5 = 0,5V Cho AC = / = 10cm, khung cd dien trd R = 0,2Q, khoi lirdng m = 20g. Khung
dirdc di chuyen thang duTng di xuong vdi van toe v = 2 m/s.
CU'dng do dong dien xua't hien trong mach: Ip = —^
R
421
Cty TNHH ivi IV UVyH_Khang Vi$t
B6i dLOng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn PhO Sfing
a) Tinh ciTcfng dp dong dien cam iiTng trong khung Bai giai
va nhiet lUdng do khung toa ra khi djch chuyen Khi thanh quay 1 v6ng thi thanh se quet dien tich: S = 7t R^.
doan 10cm. Khi thanh quay 1 phiit thi thanh se quet 1 dien tich la: A S = co S = 1207t RI
b) Tinh liTc ngoai can tac dung de khung chuyen Hieu dien the 2 dau thanh se bang suat dien dong cam iJug:
dong vdi van toe deu nhiT tren.
Bai giai U = Ec = AO BAS B.1207IR'
At At At
a) Cirdng do dong dien cam ilng trong khung va nhiet liTdng do khung toa ra khi i true quay qua mot dau thanh thi R = I = 1,2m:
djch chuyen ^
0,05.120.7t. 1,2'
- Suat dien dong cam ufng xua't hien trong khung: .j,, U= = 0,45V iXt'V.:.':"'
AO A(BS) B.AS BlAx 1.0,1.0,1 60
At At At Khi true quay qua mot diem tren thanh each 1 dau thanh 10cm thi
At At
Thdi gian khung djch chuyen: R = 1 + 0,1 = 1,1m. .- ,Jlif0 - -m «.
, Ax 0,1
1' At= — = — = 0,05s
^ 0,1.0,1
= ^r-r^ = 0,2V u = 0,05.120n.l,r = 0,38V.
0,05 60
29. DTa kim loai ban kinh r = 10cm dat vuong goc
0,2 = l A ,
- CUdng dp dong dien cam dng: !(-, = vdi B cua tCf tru'dng deu, B = 0,1T nhU' hmh ve,
R 0,2 ®
Nhiet liTPng toa ra tren khung: Q = Rl^t = 0,2.1 lO,05 = 0,01 J.
Vay: Khi khung dich chuyen, cifdng do dong dien trong khung la lA, nhiet
, dia quay vdi tan so n = 3 vong/s. Cac tiep dilm
tai O, A noi dla vdi ampe ke'. 0
Tinh suaft dien dong cam iJng giffa O, A va chieu
lifdng toa ra tren khung la 0,01 J. dong dien cam tfng.
b) Life ngoai can tac dung
Bai giai
Gia suf cam ufng tiT B c6 chieu tif triTdc ra sau mat phing hinh ve. Suat dien dong cam lirng xua't hien giSa. O va A:
Khi khung chuyen dong xuong diTdi, tif thong qua khung giam, B^. ciing BAS
Ec = AO
chieu vdi B , dong dien cam ilng Ic c6 chieu A -> C -» C -> A . At At
Life tijf tac dung len canh AC c6 chieu hu'dng Khi dia tron quay thi dTa se quet mpt dien tich: AS = co^R
len tren, life tii tac dung len cac canh AA va
B.coTtR^ 0,1.3.7i.O,r = 9,42.10-^V
CC se can bang nhau: => E^ =
T a c 6 : P = mg = 0,02.10 = 0,2N. t
F = BI/sina = 1.1.0,1 =0,1N. Q ^ Khi dTa quay, tiT thong tSng, tiT tru'dng cam u'ng B^. ngu'dc chieu vdi B , theo
De thanh chuyen dong deu vdi van toe v = 2m/s can tac dung liTc ngoai: quy t^c nam tay phai Ic cd chieu tii A den O. ,
F = P - F = 0,2 - 0,1 = 0,1N theo chieu hiTdng len tren (do P > F). .30. Mpt vong tron bhng day dan ban kinh r = 10cm
14 .28. Thanh kim loai / = 1,2m quay trong tif triTdng deu quanh true A , A vu6ng dat trong tif tru'dng deu vuong goc vdi mat phang
goc vdi thanh va song song B , B = 0,05T. Van toe quay cua thanh 1^ co = 120 vong, B = 10"^T. Vong noi vdi tarn b^ng 2 thanh
vong/phut. Tim hieu dien the hai dau thanh ne'u true quay: ^ kim loai: OA co'dinh, OB quay quanh O vdi van toe
a) Qua mot dau thanh. goc 00 = 4rad/s khong doi. Dien trd cua moi ddn vi
b) Qua mot diem tren thanh each mot dau thanh 10cm. chieu dai vong va thanh Ro = IQ/m.
Tinh cirdng dp dong dien qua cac thanh va cac cung cua vong tron theo thdi gian.
422 423
Cty TNHH IVIIV DVVH Khang Vi^t
+ CirdngdodongdienquanhanhAlBla: dt dt dt dt
- Li/c tif tac dung len thanh ab la: F, = BiL = B^CL^a va eo chieu theo quy t^c
-3 cort.(2rt - cot)rRQ
10 27cr "Ban tay trai". Phi/dng trinh chuyen dong cua thanh ab la:
I , = I . - ^ =
R AlB 4t^ cortR,
l+2t- F - F, - F„« = ma => F = ma + mg + B ^ C L \
= > F = m(a + ^ g ) + B^CL^a
1-3 Vay: Dp Idn cua liTc tac dung len thanh ab la F = m(a + ^l g) + B^CL^a.
(27t - rot) 10,-3 2^-4t _ IO"^(7t-2t)
4t^ In lit 4t2 14.32. Mot thanh triTdt b^ng kim loai c6 khoi
l+2t- 1.2t-^ (l+2t-—)rt
7t
lifdng m, CO the triTdt khong ma sat doc
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua nhdnhA2B la: theo hai diTdng ray bang kim loai dat song
cort.(2rt - (ot)r song, nghieng vdi phiTdng ngang mot gdc
10--^ 2m a va each nhau mot doan la b. Cac
R A2B 4t^ (27i-a)t)r dUdng ray du'dc noi kin d ben du'di bang
l+2t-
mot tu chifa tich dien, ed dien dung C.
• • 425
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11. tap 1 - Nguyen Phii flflng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khanq Vi§t
Toan the he tr6n day dxidc dat trong mot ttf triTdng deu c6 vectd cam tfng tiJf H, la do tijr tham cua loi s^t tCr; N, S, / la so vong, tiet dien va chieu dai
B thang diJng (hinh ve). Vao thcfi diem ban dau, thanh triTdt diTdc giff d o'ng day).
khoang each / den canh day. Hoi sau bao lau tCr luc buong thanh tru'dt ra thi 3. SuS't di^n dOng W cam: E,e = = - L . —
no dat den canh day ? Tinh van toe cua no khi do ? Bo qua dien trd day dan.
Bai giai At At
Gia sijr tai thcfi diem t, thanh tru'dt kim loai c6 van toe v, gia to'c a. Suat dien 4. Nang liTc/ng tiJf trifcfng cua 6ng day:
dong cam vlng xuat hien tren thanh la: E = Bbv.sinp = Bbv.cosa . I - Nang liTdng tCrtriTdng: W = -LI^ = -LI^ = ^ - ^ S l
- Hieu dien the'hai dau tu dien la: U = E = Bbv.cosa .
2 2 B^ 87r.lO"\
- Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach la: - Mat do nang liTcJng tCr triTcJng: w =
87i.lO'^n
i = ^ = C ^ = C — = BCb.cos a . — = BCba. cos a .
dt dt dt dt NHtJWQ CHCI t KHI Q i A l BAI TAP
- Lire tiJf tdc dung len thanh triTdt la: F = Bbi = B^Cb^a. cos a va c6 chieu diTcfc Ap dung cac cong tMc ve hien tifdng tif cam: tuf thong tif cam, do tu" cam,
xac djnh theo quy tac "Ban tay trai". Phu'cJng trinh chuyen dong cua thanh suat dien dong tif cam, ning lu'cfng tif trUcJng...
triTcft la: b Coi suat dien dong tiT cam nhu" suat dien dong cam tfng binh thu'dng (mach c6
P + F = ma => Psin a - Fcos a = ma ^ m nguon dien) khi ke't hdp vdi cac dinh luat 6 m de tinh toan cac dai liTdng dien
<=>mg.sina - B^Cb^a.cos^" = ma nhirl, U, r... J;
f
=> a = m+B^Cb^cos^a CAC BAI TAP VE HIEN TUONG T V C A M
mgsina // ,1. X61en6it dai / = 31,4cm, c6 N = 1000 vong, dien tich moi vong S = 10cm^
- ThcJi gian tiT liic buong de'n luc cham tu dien la: CO dong I = 2A di qua.
2s 21 /21(m+B^Cb^cos^a) ^ Tinh tCr thong qua moi vong day.
mgsina ' mgsina Tinh suat dien dong tii cam trong xolenoit khi ngat dong dien trong thcli gian
t = J — :=> t =
m + B^Cb^cos^a A t = 0,1s, suy ra dp tif cam cua cuon day. * '
Giai lai bai toan khi xolenoit c6 loi, do tiT tham cua loi la |i = 500.
- Van toe cua thanh khi cham den tu dien la: v = yfzas = I •2mg/sina
Bai giai
V m +B^Cb^cos^a
Tir thong qua moi v6ng day
-7 N
ChuvendelS: HIEN Tl/dNG TU CAM Cam urng tCf B trong ong day: B = 471.10 y l .
A. T 6 M TAT K I E N TliCrc
1. Djnh nghla; Hien tiTcJng tiT cam 1^ hien Wdng cam i^ng dien tif xay khi tu" TCr thong tir cam qua moi vong day: O' = BS = 471.10"''.y.SI
thong qua mach kin bien thien do chinh siT bie'n thien cua dong dien trong O ' =471.10
-7 -6 -
.10.10"^2 =8.10''Wb
mach do gay ra. 1000A-2
31,4.10"
2. Tuf thong t\f cam: O = U Vay: TiT thong qua moi vong day la = 8.10'^Wb.
(I la dong dien qua mach, L la do tiT cam ciia mach. I)
Sua't dien dong tir cam trong xolenoit
AO vaA<D do tir cam„ cua
8.10cupn day ,
Vdi ong day (xolenoit) thi L = 471.10"''. Sua't dien dong tuf cam: e^, = =N = 1000. = 0,08V
At At 0,1
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5i duSng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Cty TNHH IVITV DWH Khang Vi6t
O 8.10 1000 5.3. Vong day sieu dan do tif cam L , ban kinh r dat vuong goc vdti B cua tCr
Do tir cam: T i r c D = L I = i > L = — = = 0,004H .
1 2 :-.(':SV.,;;;;t-
tru'dng deu, cam (Jng tiT tang deu ttr 0 den BQ. Tinh cUcJng dp dong dien cam
Vay: Sua't dien dong tiT cam trong xolenoit va do tiT cam cua cuon day la
uTng trong vong. •
ec = 0,08V va L = 0,004H.
Bai giai
c) TrU'dng hdp xolenoit c6 loi do tCf tham cua loi la |j. = 500
Ttr thong qua vong day: <t> = BScosa = B^Trr" . •V'i
Tuf thong tiT cam qua moi vong day: O" = nO'= 500.8.10"'^ =4.10"^Wb.
Tcr^B,
CiTdng dp dong dien cam i^ng trong vong day: I = — -
Suatdien dong tir cam: e^ = N ^ ^ = 1000.4.10"-^ = 40V.
At
OT^B,,
' ' T. NO)" 4.10^ll000 ^„ Vay: Cu'dng dp dong dien cam iJng trong vong day la: I =
Do lii cam: L = — = = = 2H .
I I 2 5.4. Cho mach dien nhirhinh ve, L = IH, E = 12V, r
Vay: Khi xolenoit c6 loi do lis tham cua loi la |x = 500 thi ke't qua d cac can = 0, R = lOQ. Dieu chinh bien trd de trong 0,1
a, b deu tang len 500 Ian. giay R giam con 5Q. Tinh cu'dng dp dong dien
trong mach trong khoang thdi gian tren.
1 IS
2 Bai giai E,r
15.2. Chiyng minh rang nang liTcfng tiT triTcfng trong xolenoit la: W^^^ = va
1 Gpi I la cu'dng dp dong dien do nguon E sinh ra; Ic la cufdng dp dong dien tir
mat do nSng lu'cfng ttr triTdng trong xolenoit la: w^^^ = , vdi B la cam cam (do Ec sinh ra). ^' i ^
2 W-IQ E 12 12
Ta c6: = 1,2A; l2 = = 2,4A.
ling til' trong xolenoit. R,+ r 10 + 0 Rj+r 5+0
Bai giai
Al 2,4-1,2
Do tiT cam cua ong day: L = y = — ^ • Ec = L = 12V
At At 0,1
vdi V = Si. the tich ong day => L = H ^ Q I I ^ V . .0 * Vi R giam nen I tang va theo djnh luat Len-xd, dong dien tiT cam L ngU'dc
chieu vdi I . Cu'dng dp dong dien trong mach trong thdi gian tren la: ,^
LI^
NSng liTdng tir trirdng: W = E—E
r = I - Ic =
R + r' = 0 ( v i E = Ec)
Cam lirng tu" trong ong day: B = nHonl => I = Vay: CiTdng dp dong dien trong mach trong khoang thdi gian tren la F = 0.
5,5. Xolenoit khong loi chieu dai /, tiet dien S va N vong day.
=^W = ^^^o"^^ B^ ^ _BH^ ^ B ^ ) Dien trd xolenoit bang R, cu'dng dp qua xolenoit ti le vdi thdi gian I = kt.
2 '(n^^n)' 2HHO 2n^io" Tinh hieu dien the' hai dau xolenoit.
Hai dau xolenoit tren noi vdi mot nguon dien c6 sua't dien dong E, dien trd
W B^
Mat do nSng lu'cfng tiT trUdng: w = —2L = _ trong r = 0, dien trd xolenoit R ra't nho. Khi t = 0, ngiTdi ta dong mach cho
V 2n^o ddng dien qua xolenoit. Tinh cu'dng dp dong dien qua xolenoit.
Vay: Nang liTdng tif triTdng va mat dp nang lu'cfng ttr triTcfng trong xolenoit la:
Bai giai
'•1 f\(r-: igh
„, 1 B^/S . 1 B^ Hieu dren the hai dau xolenoit
W„, = va w„. = -
Cam tfng tiT trong xolenoit: B = 47t.l0'^nl = 471.10"''ykt.
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duBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyjn Phii B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
- Vi B bie'n tiiien tiieo t nen trong xolenoit c6 mot sua't dien dong t\X cam: 15.7. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve; cuon day c6 do tiT cam
T2 L, dien trd thuan khong dang ke. Cac tu cd dien dung
At = -N- At = -47:.10" / kS Ci va C2. NgUdi ta dong khoa K. Tim dong dien cUc dai
V\c do Be sinh ra ngifcJc chieu vdi I trong mach nen theo djnh luat 6m ta c6: qua cuon day. Tim hieu dien the' cifc dai tren hai ban u
-7
cua tu Ci.
U = -Ec+RI= 47t.l0 kS + kRt Bai giai
C,C,
Vay: Hieu dien the hai dau xolenoit la U = 47r.lO~^ ^ k S + kRt. - Trirdc khi dong khoa K, dien tich tren moi tu la: Q = CUo =
b) CiTdng do dong dien qua xolenoit Tai thdi diem dong dien qua cuon day cifc dai (WL = WL(max); W2C = 0), sua't
dien dong cam ufng b^ng 0, toan bo hieu dien the cua nguon dat len tu Ci,
Vi r = 0, R rat nho nen U = E = -Ec = 47r.l0"^ ^ k S . dien tich tu C, la: Q, = C|Uo. n
Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich suy ra nguon da "cung ca'p" cho mach m6t
Matkhac,Ec = - L — => AI = - ^ . A t = - . A t , v d i L = 471.10"^^^^
At L L nen: C,C
dien tich: AQ = CiUo- Uo =
AI = .At => I = El
47t.lO"^N^S
c
-7
47t.lO 2
/ 0•
El
I
Vay: CiTdng do dong dien qua xolenoit la I = - nen
Theonguon da thiTc
dinh luat bao hien
toan mot
nangcong:
lifdng:A Wmrac
= A Q.Uo =
= Ws, —U
47I.10"^N2S o - C U ^ + A = ic.U^ + - L I ^
15.6. Mot pin c6 sua't dien dong khong doi E mac no'i 2 2 2
tie'p vdi mot ong day c6 do tu" cam L va mot tu c6
dien dung C thong qua mot khoa K. Ban dau khoa K
-I CiUo
C,+C2 ° 2 ^ ° 2 ° •Io =
mcl, tu khong tich dien. Xac dinh gia tri ciTc dai cua 2(Cj+C2) VL(CI+C2)
E 4^
d6ng dien trong mach sau khi dong khoa K. Bo qua Vay: Dong dien ciTc dai qua cuon day 1^ lo = C.Uo
dien trd thuan trong mach. VL(C,+C2) "
Bai giai c,
(Ban doc tu* giai de tim ket qua cua Uimax = Uo(l + C1+C2 )).
+ Nang liTdng dien triTctng c\ic dai d tu dien la: Wc 1
= -CU^ = -CE^,
2 '2/ 15.8. Hai ong day gio'ng nhau, diTdc m^c vie
nguon dien khong ddi, sua't dien dong E va y
+ N5ng liTcJng tCf triTSng cifc dai d oiig day la: W L = ^LI^^ . dien trd trong r, thong qua hai khda Ki va K2 r E,r I
(hlnh ve). Ban dau hai khoa deu md. Sau do
Theo dinh luat bao to^n n^ng lu'dng:
dong Ki trU'dc roi den K2. Xic djnh do Idn cua i
Wc = W , o l c E 2 =
vay: Gid tri ciTc dai ciia
iLI^^=>W = E
d6ng dien trong mach sau khi d6ng khda K la
dong chay qua Ki v^o thdi diem dong K2 neu
biet r^ng sau khi dong K2, d6ng on dinh chay t J
Imax = E^. qua Ki Idn hdn dong 6n djnh chay qua K2 la 2
Ian. Bo qua dien trd thuan ciia hai ong day.
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Bfii duSng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
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liol diOng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyjn Phu D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang^igT
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B6i duSng hgc sinh gioi V$l ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
MVC LVC
Ten
K ' v
deci deci d 0,1 = 10-' Chuyen dS 3: DIEN THE VA HIEU DIEN THE 46
Chuyen de 4: TIJ DIEN 71
centi centi c 0,01 = 10-^ ; m (tBd nXni • • ; • .
Phdnthithai ^
mili mili m :i 0,001 = 10'^ D6NG D I E N K H O N G D O I
C/iM^n 5/DONG DIEN KHONG DOI - DIEN TR6
micro micro 0,000 001 = 10-^ ^ DINH LUAT 6 M C H O DO AN M A C H 125
zepto zepto z 0,000 000 000 000 0 0 0 000 001 = 10-^' •*n'^." Phdnthiiba i
D I E N TlJ ^
yocto yocto y 0,000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-^*
Chuyen de 12: TlJ TRUCfNG 364
Chuyen de 13: Ll/C TlJ 380
Chuyen de 14: CAM LfNG DIEN T\J 403
Chuyen di 75.-HIEN T U O N G T U CAM 426
0:
. • . • . .1., ; ^