Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Aprendiz
José Manuel Bonett Muñoz

Gestión Logística
Ficha No.1565227

Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje Sena

Centro de Comercio y Servicios Regional Atlántico - Carrera 43 No 42-40
Barranquilla, Atlántico

Cartagena – Bolívar
2019
 Actividad

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or
structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability,
and other important considerations. Each form of business organization has
its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select
the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires
accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure
In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole
proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships
1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No
separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
 for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?
 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?
 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?
 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?
 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?
 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?
o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.
3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al
interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se

Ingles Español Government Gobierno

Business Negocio Regulations Regulaciones
Appropriate Apropiado Concerns Preocupaciones
Attorney Abogado Income Ingresos
Accountant Contador Liabilities Pasivo
Proprietorships Propietarios Configuration configuracion
Consulting Consultante Flexibility Flexibilidad
Establishing Estableciendo Management administración
Accurate Preciso
Accounting Contabilidad
Assets Bienes
Transfer Transferir

puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

R/ Export-Import Theory

Each form of business organization has its own advantages and

disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills
the goals of the entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate
business organization

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.
 Simple Present Tense

How to carry out a business

There are different forms of commercial organizations
The director controls all export and import operations
The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs
The owners are in charge of making all the decisions
The individual companies are governmental
The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rateThe owners are responsible for
their business

Present Progressive Tense

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business

Structure will determine how the business will be carried out, its fiscal
Responsibility and other important considerations. Each form of business organization
And the employer has to select the one that best meets the objectives of the employer
and the company.
The selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires accounting
and legal expertise and must be done with the advice of a competent lawyer or
accountant.

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

R/ How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of

commercial organizations since the director controls all export and import
operations, where the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all
 the decisions in front of the business. Individual companies are governmental
and have a lower rate than the tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the
business Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal
bases will apply different processes why you should know what you should
apply to have greater knowledge and not have legal consequences in the
environment even with a single administrator or boss immediately co-author all
the legal health and tax aspects for a better export or import in order to provide
the company with better quality and good recognition at the international level
and to conquer or reach large countries for its advertising and industry growth.

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de

formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” y el material
complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato
.doc o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de

aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades
propuestas, saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.