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clauses, Which items do the sentences describe? ds were too salt catch abl jin the sencences using relative were 100 amal to catch a. ball “_ pis ldren Ter i a Stinger was n engines ie was inspired bythe sound it made when ft ‘ «ofrtber bands together to make ab cha chosen ter alot onsutation with chicren ard acts | ina variety of colors and sizes ural ber fibers They are sold erent nays be combined ina huge number of o realy creative They i ike to be farsen He was a cxrpente: le Chis That was roughly 52 gk play wel bricks for every person on the planet ed more than 320 tllon bcs 4 Did you know? Recent stuces have shown that hls ld describe how to use a hula hoop poopie can work a many as 30 of our muscles and lesb balance, ye. Try to use ‘ean aso help hand-eye coorinat nd endurance Start hula hooping? 1. Think about how you coul someone who has never seen or heard of on relative clauses 35 you can in your descriptions. 2) MINING Read the instructions. Then prepare a short talk lay with you need to. you 1 shape them into a short tal zn research t online Make notes a CL Manual activities ,e verbs. What do they all have in commen? Mime and / or describe thes h gab grap hold pickup putdown scratch stroke throw touch wave 2. Name some things you can do with every verb. Compare with a partner. 3. (EINRIEETIELY Answer these questions using the verbs in Exercise 1.Then tell the class most as ab xd posession? Do you stil have Do you have ary photos of you witht some peeps lee ta wh . schol blew tat what ou play wth a hid wheter Leg®or Bre dl) can deer you choose as a career, Do you agree or disagree? Make some notes. a ae 2. Write a short opinion essay (140-190 words) discussing your ideas. nd spur opnory eg, What chidren play with can affect ti rent for: On the one han, I beleve tat On the ner han 4. Jone senances sing relive clauses Which Kart do the sentences describe? spi is eiren Ther hands were too smal catch a bal mall to catch a bal eto hep bis ehidren, whose hands were 120 sor bands together to make aba. Stilinger We tation with elena as an engineer s of i adults It was inspired by the sound it made when t sen after alot of ct sald ina variety of colors aed ses combined ina huge number of ferent ways satura uber fibers They visansen He was a carpet se means someting ike play wei a That was roughly 52 bricks for every person on the Planet Js alow cre invented tn 1949 by OC {by a Dash company had produced mare tan 320 ballon bi Z 4 Did you know’? Recent suis have shown hat da e how to use + hula hoop hooping an werk many 2s:30 of ourmaacles and dank help hand-eye coordeation lei balan nekrance Sar hula hooping Tink about how you could describ ws who has never seen or heard of one. Try to Use nin your descriptions. te many relative clauses as yOu ca Jen into a short ta eter rayou ne. Make 2. TIMIBEENI Read the instructions. Then prepare short tak people ie to play with you reed he tem Let the others guess TS Ue La Manual activities and | or describe these verbs. What do they all have in common? serch stroke throw touch wave 1 Mime catch gab grup hold pickup put down 2. Name some things you can do with every verb, Compare with a partner 4, WEUDIESIRI Answer these questions using the verbs in Exercise 1-Then tel the class sxe Do you stithave i? Do you have ay photos of you witht Pritt to 1. Some psychologists beliove that what you play with asa child (whether ifs Lego® you choose asa career. Do you agree or disagree! Make some notes. ‘or Barbie dolls) can determine what 2. Write a short opinion essay (140-190 words) discussing your Ideas. pron eg, What chidren ply vith can affect the career rent for On the one hand, I beleve that 2 aument again On the other hand, However Choose two ofthe questions to talk about. h 2 ‘ookat Exercise 3 above and read the descriptions apn, Underine the deals for exch aa ee be se Se srt can Wy 2 eas we recy or rena © 120 on ac can ron nce tue nd say whether they are restrctng 1. Lego which has grown tremen the years has been found ‘ures. Then take turns miming them for your partner to guess he benefits of diferent dvs in popularity over lp children lear e number of sills that are important You first! Have you ever of these things? i Playeg with a Koosh all Lego® Mindflec Rubiks Cube Super Soaler joj) 4. Can you suggest some kind of chronological order for 5: wary ofthese ts nes eu wou reer want ola ©) Avwirless EEG heat reads your brainwave se ses to guide a bal through a series of obstacles ©) Thisball nw {) This game was vented by some Yale played catch University students who ‘inner plates ss item, tures. 4 What pronouns do the cases comin? . 5: Only one of the relative pronouns canbe omited Which kinds of kinaesthetic activities, F non-restrictive Add commas where Undertine the sentences with relative necessary, ‘recent study of people who had an increased risk OF “ alt NPbciner’sdscseshowed hat even small empnendegterre —— tmisclocrneng ee progression inp bere ie ane oe rcan NF “hat many pee deel Swiaand omerma eae cea tease athee ttt which ar easier onthe fens age ther motor development Darian hence 2. Betcha your hinds nd ng ves your «Playing with a Koosh ball can help reduce sida WAR wotlut atthe same time, andresanc ae turn can help improve peformenes Nes oer ata Menaliaameangiee tbr chrcectiscany ng, or anything els? Just pass a Roseh bal Martalloakteswelvioldage Nein {on hand to han or afew minutes beora oc ol other mus intrumeres ARdnatice ne aiterence tat makes te ecu ar acivitesindude thingie soothing tng ortyping one kev it Kooeh bal Lego® ofthe questions to talk about. he items in Exercise rater up toa es, “1 Work wth 2 partner and answer the questions about Exerc (Dhow mary of te sertences se cones Why 2 Wich et rere ore? (3 Wi oes we war (orev)? ‘OPAGE 165 he benefits of S27 whether they are res 1. Lego which has grown tremendously in popularity over the years has been found to help children learn a number of sli that are important in thei cognitive development Jtcan help them sole problems, plan and orgniz. it can improve their thinking sls and ther creativity can also ‘boos their motor development Everdsing your hands and finger ives your brain a workout atthe same time, and research shows that people who do thishave a better chance of keeping their mental faculties wellinto old. age. Not ust people who play the plano and other musical instruments, but aso, those whose regula activities include things ike playing cards or chess, kiting or typing on a key 4s withthe pictures. Then take turns miming them for your partner to guess. at Exercise 3 above and read the descriptions again, Underline the details for each item. 4. What pronouns do the causes contain) 5. Only one ofthe relative proncurs canbe omitted Which ferent kinds of kinaesthetic activities. Underline the sentences with relative ictive oF non-restrictive. Add commas where necessary. 4, Playing with a Koosh ball can help reduce stress whieh You first! Have you ever pyen with any of these things? Mindex Rubiks Cube Super Soaker yoryo ou suggest Some kindof chronological order for tems ones you would never want to pay wal 6) A wireless EEG headset reads your brainwave activi es to guide a bal through a series of obsades. ¢) Thistahimertedin the 19305 infatabe, which makes eng to cary around. ). This gave was invented by some Yale University students who played catch using dinner plates. A recemt study of people who had an inereased inturn can help improve performance. Nervous about an exam (or anything else)? Just pass @ Koosh ball from hand to hand fore few minutes before you begin and notice the difference that makes. is incredibly soothing 5. a (orage) room under a buldeg 6 something that makes it feu todo something. ‘in the article on page 10,Why are they mentioned? acustion 3 acral perod 5. one lang 7 readeg ‘4 grammatialinowledge puberty 8 soci interaction Rend he arte again How many words an ou nd tht sound i Lite nd heck your ansers . most gs MES mins come up with a of ther words with th same sound Which group most words? Talk about your answers to the questions atthe end of the article, TERELEYAUED Write complete sentences for 1-5 below with simple and continuous verb forms. Go around. room and ask a different person about each sentence. Sp - 2a ex) ‘OCIAL COMMENT The enigma of language number of film directors have made movies about children who, because of terrible abuse, were never exposed to language in childhood ~ a situation 12s always fascinated psychologists and linguists. example, Mockingbird Don't Sing (a movie by Harry Bro ley Davenport) is based on the true story ‘of Genie” (not her real name) who was discovered in California in 1970, When they found her, she was being kept in a single room without human speech or contact. She had been there for most of her 13 years. No one had her, and she had never listened to the radio or atched TV. Although some people tried to help her, she was let dum by “the system the state and government have taken care of her. For the last ears, however, she has bee living in an adult care ni” could use words and phrases, but ever managed to make the grammatical connections aty for fluent language use and now, according to has lost even the limited language she once had. The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser isa movie by Wernct Herzog about a man in 19% century Germany who was, : ne version of events, kept ina cellar for fist 17 years with no human contact. The real-life Hauser di, apparently learn how to read and write (and peak), but in his case, its posible that his story was at Francois Truffaut directed L'Enfant Saucage (T 4 Child) about a pre-adolescent boy named Victor of 98. He was living wild in kind doctor (Jean Mare afaut himself in death, Victor ha st in France. Thanks t spand lad play ime of his Lesson 2 How (not) to learn a language You first! How many lan do you speak? Explain why, al: sewspakpoes ahead certs ahiced real lueney or the grammatical a granted and thatis necessary fore acy that we take for ive coifinunicaton All these movies deal with the great mystery of human beings acquire language, something have been puzzling over for centuries, hat people period” for young children to learn their frst language is efore puberty)? What docs it take to be ale t spa that language (or those languages)? Pechaps jut hearing itis enough; pethaps we have a “computer”-a kind of magic black box in our heads that converts that exposure into language ability. Othes suggest, homcver tha when babies hear language they ae also engaging in Social interactions with the people around them, and ths vitally important in language development And what abou learning foreign language? sth the same as a baby learning its first language(s? I exposure enough? Or do we need to interact with the people (students and teachers) around us? We know that People can learn foreign language ina classroom, bu is hat really where learning takes place? Or pethaps, in out digital world, the best place to learn is online But then we have to decide things lke whether knowing grammar isa help ora hindrance, or whether reading books is What do yo hink? What isthe 'Buages Y AT CAFES and 1 Read the information about customs OTHEN SSSaes5 IDEAS {TIS COMMON in many cultures for people to have pets. There are many benefits to ths practice; for instance, ican help to reduce stress, loneliness, and annie in children aswell as in adults In addition, sharing affection and responsibilty fra pet can help strengthen family relationships. There area variety of diferent ‘customs connected with pets in diferent cultures Cat cafés ‘Are you a cat lover? Have you ever heard of a ‘cat café? They aren't places where people have especie caty conversations; instead, people gq thereto meet ends and petthecale's resident ats tthe same time. Theye very ‘popular in large cites, ike Tokyo and Taipei, where people tend to live in small apartments, and they aren’ allwed to keep pes. There are apparent over 40 cat cafés in Tolyo alone. Some cafés have even extended the range of pets to include owls, rabbits, and goats! Cat cafes are now becoming, ‘popular in some parts of the US, like San Francisco and New York. Chinese crickets Keeping crickets as pets thought to have begun inthe Tang Dynasty in China (around 600 AD) The crickets were valued because of their Song, The louder they sang the more aluable ‘the crickets were. Keeping crickets was popular with isc the imperil Palace, and they had beautiful caved boxesto kee them in Poets mote poemsand aris create beau pening abou ices Nowadays, cies ars a very popular pein China even though hey ‘only livefor about a month! Vietnamese songbirds Keeping songbirds incgess aver camron custom in Viena Bird ones oka ther pets with et cate and oe rng thei caged birds theparkin th ex morning before mark There the cn show them off and young bis ate placed nea ler oness0 they can lear how to sing more beautifully. ‘The owners also want their birds to get used to singing in font of people, so you often see groups of people sitting or standing around thecage sterng othe delat songs ». Talk about the questions ra sbout ead least ie 1o have a6 a pet and wy? . Look at the animal metaphors. What do they mean? ‘Are they the same in your language? a won sheep's cbthing mel a rat from te horse's mouth (She thnks she's) the cat's meow et the cat out ofthe bag lito bids with one stone held your horses Manan 10. 1" . @ Answer the questions withou Look at each relative pronoun inthe ‘on page 27 and decide the clause ha ‘each one is restrictive oF non do you know? Can you leave out a pronouns? Why? /Why not! PY Of the looking 1. How re Meter dasa ‘other classrooms? ai 2 Wy the Monteson some pares 3. Wat re Morteson Method desired ooo) 4. Whe wo fers peopl ae me what one hah conment atthe article, Method popu ag learning toned ang AMIS Talk sbout one ofthe question, 4. What do you think about he Mortar Method! How sit smart or deren fy your own school experience? 2. How cana cis physical emir rent school prevent them from leaingh 3. Wht can ep chien en beter at agp 0.12) Listen to five people takin bout he tie a school. Di they ey or na a tach sealers opron postive Gh or neither () —— Speaker omen 3. Speaker 4. Speaker C] 5. Speaker C] @ canyourementberwhatexchspeler sgn | Use hese prompts fo help you.Then ag again and check, 1. drama eft / confident 2. rules / obey / stay ate adventurous taking risks 3. character / opposite hide / emotions 4, motivated / goals 5. team /sohe problems erse and emotions | engaged Tall your partner about the best ching that happened to you when you ‘were in elementary school. ber much abo grade, my teacher XPLORE ONLINE Find ot about another non-traditional method of ‘education, Make notes about what you discovered online, Present your ideas to the class, You first! How much do you know about languages? ‘Which is the odest ving language ey =! Protoindo-European guages? Oindia O indonesia ‘Nigeria @ Papua New Guinea Q Menderin O Poruguese | DI i cei youteov? Te mos vases documents the od or foreign language? often gskvae b MB ws | fash be ie Dengish O tinci 7: wien by tt a Osporish mr been ransated into 32 languages nd dlets Do yous mow any ofthe tings tht saya What are he Sx ca languages ofthe UN 1. 642 Listen and iden what language each person i peaking Do you speak any ofthe languages? 2. Work in prs. Do the qui above © HERIPRORIETONIEINE Find out more about oe of hse sings.) Latin American countries where Spanish fe notanofcal language: si Aticon angages ad the counties where they are spoken. Wich ofthese words can precede the word language broken colocuial dead everyday exthct fist foreign ving maternal modem mother native offensive ‘fical poete scintc second sgn spoken strong target the Rustan weak world writen 4, Talk abour these questions Fh mary phrases wit language in Exerc 3 can you find wih asi mean 2. pln tne pases or your parnerto ess 5, GEERNANED Ask each other the questions. {WR lguages dO YOU speak? 2. What about other members of your fami? eal —- is your first language spoken in? | 4, What's your favonte word in your mother tongue? What does it mean? who was vg by theses in the forest when they were dicovered? lp that sven by a ind individual toa child who has ben abused? a cretuetht copies the sounds of thes? 4 povemment organizations oF departments. 5. (torage) room under a big 6 something that makes tified o do someting, {inthe article on page 10.Why are they mentioned? acqustion 3. acral period 5. online karning 7. rexdcg 4 gammitial lnowedge 6 puberty 8 socal interaction Read the article gun How many word can you find that sound lke fo Usten nd check your anawers ng ouPt You hae two minutes fo come up with alist of other words with the same sound Which group 'most words? alk abot your answers tothe question the endo the arte EXELETAWD Write complete sentences for 1~5 below with simple and continuous verb forms. Go around the room and ask a different person about each sentence. ES Sp - 2 ap en: Lesson 2 How (not) to learn a language The enigma of language A222: fm directors have made movies about children who, because of terrible abuse, were exposed to language in childhood ~ a situation as always fascinated psychologists and linguists, example, Mockingbird Don't Sing (a movie by Harry Bromley Davenport is based on the true story of “Genie"(not her real name) who was discovered in California in 1970, When they found het, she was being kept ina single room with She had been thee for m out human speech of contact her 13 years, No one had alked to her, and she had never listened to the radio or ed TV. Although some people tried to help he, she dow by “the system encis that sh the state and government id have taken care of her. For the last few years, however, she has been living in an adult care home. At frst “Genie” could use words and phrases, bu she never managed to make the grammatical connections necessary for fuent language use~and now, acconding to some, she has lost even the limited language she once had n 4 of Kaspar Hauser is a movie by Werner about a man in 19*

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