IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. 59, NO.

1, FEBRUARY 2017 249

The Equivalent Thévenin-Network Representation of

a Pulse-Excited Power-Ground Structure
Martin Štumpf, Member, IEEE

Abstract—The N -port equivalent Thévenin representation of
a power-ground structure is constructed using the Lorentz reci-
procity theorem of the time-convolution type. It is shown that
the introduced multiport Kirchhoff-circuit representation offers
a number of alternative routes to determining the pulsed electro-
magnetic radiated emissions of a power-ground structure from its
response to an electromagnetic disturbance in the receiving situa-
tion. Moreover, the result may serve as an important check on the
validity of numerical solutions to related electromagnetic radiation
problems. An illustrative example that validates the equivalent-
circuit representation is given.
Index Terms—Integral equations, reciprocity principle, time-
domain analysis.
I. INTRODUCTION
HE Kirchhoff-type equivalent representation of an an-
T tenna system is a corollary of the Lorentz reciprocity the-
orem of the time-convolution type that illuminates its transmis-
sion/reception properties and thus facilitates efficient design and
measurement methodologies. In electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC), the objective is to secure the proper operation of an
electronic device in the presence of an EM disturbance (i.e., the
receiving state) without introducing intolerable EM emissions
(i.e., the transmitting state). Accordingly, the relation between
the transmitting and receiving situations is of particular interest
in EMC, too (e.g., [1, Ch. 8]).
The transmitting state of parallel-plane structures is tradition-
ally analyzed with the aid of the cavity model that has proved to
be computationally efficient and physically instructive in analyz-
ing such structures of simple [2], [3] as well as complex irregular
shapes [4], [5]. For the corresponding EM-radiated susceptibil-
ity analysis concerning the plane-wave coupling into printed
circuit board (PCB) traces, efficient computational models have
been proposed and successfully validated [6], [7]. Despite the
well-known benefits from applying the property of reciprocity
(e.g., [8]), it seems that its potentialities in analyzing radiated
EM emissions/susceptibility of PCBs have not been fully appre-
ciated so far. Indeed, except for the reciprocity-based calcula-
tions in transmission-line theory (see, e.g., [9, Sec. 7.5.2]), the
Manuscript received April 11, 2016; revised June 8, 2016; accepted July 7,
2016. Date of publication July 28, 2016; date of current version October 25,
2016. This work was supported by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and
Sports under Grant LD15005 (the COST CZ (LD) Program) and under Grant
LO1401 (the National Sustainability Program). The author would also like to
acknowledge the contribution of the COST Action IC1407 “ACCREDIT.”
The author is with the SIX Research Centre, Brno University of Technology,
616 00 Brno, Czech Republic (e-mail: martin.stumpf@centrum.cz).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TEMC.2016.2590565
vast majority of relevant works on the subject keep the trans-
mission and reception situations apart. Hence, the main pur-
pose of this work is to introduce a reciprocity-based description
that will shed some light on the transmitting/receiving states of
power-ground structures.
Standard equivalent circuits of parallel-plate structures are
based on the (frequency-domain) modal-type solution (see [10,
Sec. 2.2]) whose eigenfunctions are attainable either analyti-
cally for relatively simple topologies (see [10, Sec. 2.4] and
[11]–[14]), or numerically for structures of arbitrary shape [15].
The equivalent network representation introduced in this pa-
per can be to some extent understood as a “weak formula-
tion” of the relevant boundary-value problem, through which
the local Kirchhoff-circuit quantities are interrelated with the
(global) far-field radiation amplitude in the embedding. In fact,
the internal impedance matrix appearing in Thévenin’s network
representation admits the eigenfunction expansion.
Transmission and reception reciprocity properties of parallel-
plate structures have been previously studied in [16, Sec. IVb].
In the latter paper, the introduced time-derivative transmis-
sion/reception relation (see [16, eqs. (22) and (23)]) gives,
in fact, the equivalent Thévenin’s voltage generator of a thin
parallel-plane one-port structure in terms of its pulsed EM char-
acteristics in the transmitting situation. The complete Thévenin
N -port network of a populated power-ground structure, how-
ever, has not been studied so far. A systematic derivation
of such a Kirchhoff-circuit representation is, hence, the main
objective of this paper.
In this paper, it is demonstrated that the obtained multiport
network representation immediately offers a number of alter-
native routes to determining the pulsed EM-radiated emissions
of a power-ground structure from its response to an EM dis-
turbance in the receiving situation. Apart from this important
application, the network representation provides reciprocity
relations that allow to benchmark purely computational EM
solvers. Consequently, the main results of the paper may also be
useful in the efforts to validate computational EM techniques
[17]. Finally, it is worth noting that application of the Kirchhoff-
circuit equivalents to extracting antenna scattering properties
has been a subject of controversy in the antenna community
(see [18] and [19], for example). Accordingly, such applica-
tions must be considered with some care, should it arise.
This paper has the following structure. The receiving
and transmitting states are defined and mutually interrelated
in Section III. For convenience of the reader, the derivation
of the starting time-domain reciprocity relation is given in
Appendix A. Section IV focuses on a special case of the main
result, namely, on a power-ground structure with two accessible

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250 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. 59, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2017

Fig. 2. Receiving situation. (a) Receiving power-ground structure. (b) Load

Fig. 1. Transmitting situation. (a) Emitting power-ground structure. port.
(b) Feeding port.

of the mth port. The corresponding pulsed voltage response

ports. For this illustrative example, we discuss the methodol- V T;n m at xn is linearly related to the excitation current at xm
ogy for determining the pulsed EM radiation characteristics. via
The corresponding numerical results are finally given and vali-
dated with the aid of the finite integration technique (FIT). Our V T;n m (t) = Z T;n m (t) ∗ I T;m (t) (2)
analysis relies on the unified methodology based on the reci-
procity theorem of the time-convolution type (see [20, Sec. 28.2] for n = {1, . . . , N }, where Z T;n m (t) is the corresponding
and [21]). transfer impedance. Consequently, the power-ground struc-
ture manifests itself via the transmitted EM wave field
II. PROBLEM FORMULATION {E T , H T }(x, t) radiated into the embedding where it admits
the far-field expansion [20, Sec. 26.12]
The power-ground under consideration occupies a bounded  T 
time-invariant domain D ⊂ R3 that is externally bounded by E , H T (x, t)
surface ∂D. The corresponding unit vector along the outward
N  T;∞ 
normal to ∂D is denoted by ν. The medium in D is assumed to be E , H T;∞ (ξ, t − |x|/c0 )|I T ; m (t)=δ (t)
=
causal and reciprocal in its EM behavior. No further restrictions m =1
4π|x|
as to its EM properties are imposed. Thickness h of the structure
is assumed to be small with respect to the spatial support of ∗ I T;m (t) [1 + O(|x|−1 )] (3)
the excitation pulse such that the cavity approximation applies
as |x| → ∞, where {E T;∞ , H T;∞ } = {E T;∞ , H T;∞ }(ξ, t)
[10, Sec. 2.2].
are the electric- and magnetic-field vector radiation charac-
The position vector (with respect to the standard Cartesian
teristics, respectively, and ξ = x/|x| is the unit vector in
coordinate system) is x = x1 i1 + x2 i2 + x3 i3 . The standard
the direction of observation. The time-domain surface-source
notation for the dot product · and the cross product × is em-
radiation-characteristic representation follows [16, (8)]
ployed. The time coordinate is t and ∂t denotes the partial
differentiation with respect to t. The time-integration operator ∂t−1 E T;∞ (ξ, t)
is defined as 
 t
−1
= μ0 ξ × ξ × ν(x) × H T (x, t + ξ · x/c0 )dA
∂t f (x, t)  f (x, τ )dτ. (1) x∈∂ D
τ =−∞ 
The continuous time-convolution operator is denoted by ∗. − c−1
0 ξ× ν(x) × E T (x, t + ξ · x/c0 )dA (4)
x∈∂ D
The time-convolution operation concurrent with the spatial dot
· ×
and cross product is then denoted by ∗ and ∗, respectively. The with ξ × E T;∞ = η0 H T;∞ and ξ · E T;∞ = 0.
Dirac delta distribution is denoted by δ(t) and the Heaviside
unit-step function is H(t). B. Receiving Situation
The power-ground structure is in the receiving situation (see
III. THÉVENIN’S NETWORK REPRESENTATION Fig. 2) irradiated by an uniform plane wave described via
In this section, Thévenin’s equivalent circuit representation
of a power-ground structure is constructed using the reciprocity E i (x, t) = α ei (t − β · x/c0 ) (5)
theorem of the time-convolution type. H (x, t) = (β × α) η0 e (t − β · x/c0 )
i i
(6)

A. Transmitting Situation
The power-ground structure is in the transmitting state (see
Fig. 1) activated by vertical electric-current excitation ports
whose action is accounted for by the electric-current volume
density J T (x|xm , t), for m = {1, . . . , N }, where xm is the
position and I T;m (t) denotes the electric-current pulse shape
where ei (t) is the incident pulse shape, α is the polarization
vector, and β is the unit vector in the direction of propagation.
The total field in the configuration {E R , H R }(x, t) is then the
superposition of the incident field and the scattered field that is
thus defined as
{E s , H s }  {E R , H R } − {E i , H i }. (7)
ŠTUMPF: EQUIVALENT THÉVENIN-NETWORK REPRESENTATION OF A PULSE-EXCITED POWER-GROUND STRUCTURE 251

The structure is at all xn , for n = {1, . . . , N }, loaded by

lumped impedances. The corresponding electric-current volume
density is then described via J R (x, t), with I R;n (t) being the
(induced) electric current flowing across the nth load. The volt-
age across the load is then linearly related to the load current
according to
V R;n (t) = Z L;n (t) ∗ I R;n (t) (8)
where Z L;n (t) denotes nth load’s impedance.

C. Reciprocity Analysis
The systematic use of the reciprocity theorem of the time-
convolution type yields (see Appendix A)
  
· · Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit of a two-port power-ground structure.
J T (x , t) ∗ E R (x , t) − J R (x , t) ∗ E T (x , t) dV
x ∈D
· Next, it is observed that we may decouple the system of (13)
= −μ−1 i −1 T;∞
0 αe (t) ∗ ∂t E (−β, t). (9)
by taking its special cases, namely the open-circuited port 2 for
Owing to the thin-slab assumption, the latter relation can be which I R;2 = 0, i.e.,
rewritten as
V R;1 (t) + Z T;11 (t) ∗ I R;1 (t) = V G;1 (t) (14)

N
I T;m
(t) ∗ V R;m
(t) + I R;n
(t) ∗ V T;n m
(t)
V R;2 (t) + Z T;12 (t) ∗ I R;1 (t) = V G;2 (t) (15)
n =1
· and the case when port 1 is open circuited, i.e., I R;1 = 0, which
= μ−1 −1 T;∞
0 αe (t) ∗ ∂t E
i
(−β, t) (10)
implies
for m = {1, . . . , N }, which finally allows us to write
V R;1 (t) + Z T;21 (t) ∗ I R;2 (t) = V G;1 (t) (16)

N
V R;m (t) + Z T;n m (t) ∗ I R;n (t) = V G;m (t) (11) V R;2 (t) + Z T;22 (t) ∗ I R;2 (t) = V G;2 (t). (17)
n =1

with Now, taking into account relation (12), it is seen that we may
·
use either (14) or (16) to calculate the pulsed EM characteristics
V G;m (t) = μ−1 i −1 T;∞
0 αe (t) ∗ ∂t E (−β, t)|I T ; m (t)=δ (t) (12) due to the electric-current source of port 1, i.e., I T;1 (t), while
for m = {1, . . . , N }, being the Thévenin voltage generator. the use of either (15) or (17) leads to the pulsed EM charac-
Equation (11) represents the Thévenin network representation teristics due to I T;2 (t). In the numerical examples that follow,
of an N -port power-ground structure. The conditions under we shall consider the former case and rewrite the correspond-
which the impedance matrix Z T (t) is symmetrical are studied in ing equations to the form that is practical for our calculations,
Appendix B. namely
I T;1 (t) ∗ V R;1 (t) + V T;11 (t) ∗ I R;1 (t)
IV. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
The main result of the previous section will be next illus- = I T;1 (t) ∗ V G;1 (t) for I R;2 (t) = 0 (18)
trated on a two-port power-ground structure. Specifically, pulsed
I T;1 (t) ∗ V R;1 (t) + V T;21 (t) ∗ I R;2 (t)
EM radiation characteristics of an irregularly shaped two-port
power-ground structure are evaluated in three different ways = I T;1 (t) ∗ V G;1 (t) for I R;1 (t) = 0. (19)
validating the proposed network representation.
The procedure then goes along the following lines.
A. Problem Definition 1) For a given excitation pulse I T;1 (t), calculate (or measure)
the pulsed voltage responses V T;11 (t) or V T;21 (t) in the
The relevant definition equations follow from (11), here given
transmitting state. Such calculations can be readily carried
in the explicit matrix form
 G;1  R;1 out using the time-domain contour integral method (TD-
V V CIM) [5], [22], for example.
=
V G;2 V R;2 2) For the corresponding plane-wave pulse ei (t) [see (21)],
 T;11 T;21  R;1 calculate (or measure) the pulsed voltage or/and cur-
Z Z I
+ ∗ . (13) rent responses {V R;1 , I R;1 }(t) with I R;2 (t) = 0 or
Z T;12 Z T;22 I R;2
{V R;1 , I R;2 }(t) with I R;1 (t) = 0.
A network representation of the two-port power-ground struc- 3) With the pulsed responses at our disposal, we can per-
ture is then shown in Fig. 3. form the operations indicated in (18) or (19) and get
252 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. 59, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2017

Fig. 4. Analyzed power-ground structure.

I T;1 (t) ∗ V G;1 (t). Recovery of V G;1 (t) apparently calls

for a deconvolution algorithm. An example of the latter is Fig. 5. Electric-current excitation pulse applied to port 1.
specified in Section IV-B.
4) The Thévenin voltage generator V G;1 (t) is subsequently
identified with the corresponding time-domain EM radia-
tion characteristics via [cf., (12)]

V G;1 (t) = α · E T;∞ (−β, t)|I T ; 1 (t)=δ (t) ∗ I T;1 (t)

(20)
provided that the plane-wave signature is related to the
electric-current pulse shape in the following way:

ei (t) = μ0 ∂t I T;1 (t). (21)

Finally, note that (20) and (21) are known as the transmission-
reception time-derivative relation [16, Sec. IVb].

B. Numerical Results
In order to validate the proposed methodology, the irregularly
Fig. 6. Pulsed-voltage response observed at port 1.
shaped power-ground structure shown in Fig. 4 is analyzed. Its
accessible ports are placed at x1 = (75.0, 112.5, 0) (mm) (port
1) and at x2 = (25.0, 37.5, 0) (mm) (port 2), its thickness is
taken as h = 1.50 (mm), and the relative permittivity of the
dielectric slab is R = 4.2. The corresponding EM wave speed
√
in the slab is c = c0 / R . For validation purposes, the pulsed
responses in the transmitting situation are evaluated with the aid
of both TD-CIM and FIT as implemented in CST Microwave
Studio. The pulsed plane-wave responses in the receiving state
are subsequently calculated using FIT.
According to the methodology outlined in Section IV-A, the
power-ground structure is first analyzed in its transmitting state.
To this end, the following electric-current pulse is applied to
port 1

I T ;1 (t) = 2Im (t/tw )2 H(t) − 2 (t/tw − 1/2)2 H (t/tw − 1/2)

+ 2 (t/tw − 3/2)2 H (t/tw − 3/2) Fig. 7. Pulsed-voltage response observed at port 2.

− (t/tw − 2)2 H (t/tw − 2) . (22)
In the second step, the structure is irradiated by the incident
In the analysis that follows, we take Im = 1.0 (A) and ctw =
plane-wave [see (5) and (6)] with
0.15 (m) (see Fig. 5). The resulting pulsed-voltage responses
V T;11 (t) and V T;21 (t) at ports 1 and 2 are shown in Figs. 6
α = [0, cos (γ), sin (γ)] (23)
and 7, respectively. Apparently, the voltage signals calculated
via TD-CIM and FIT agree well. β = [0, −sin (γ), cos (γ)] (24)
ŠTUMPF: EQUIVALENT THÉVENIN-NETWORK REPRESENTATION OF A PULSE-EXCITED POWER-GROUND STRUCTURE
Fig. 8. Incident plane-wave pulse shape.
Fig. 9. Pulsed-voltage response across R L ;1 = 240.0 (Ω) at port 1 with
port 2 open circuited.
where we take γ = 5π/6. The plane-wave pulse shape
calculated from (21) with (22) is shown in Fig. 8. In line
with (18) and (19), we distinguish between two receiving sit-
uations. In the first one pertaining to (18), port 2 is left open
circuited (i.e., I R;2 (t) = 0) and we calculate the pulsed response
V R;1 (t) at port 1. For this case, we have chosen the purely re-
sistive (instantaneously-reacting) load Z L;1 (t) = RL;1 δ(t) with
RL;1 = 240.0 (Ω) and calculated the pulsed-voltage response
across it. The result is plotted in Fig. 9. Since the corresponding
electric-current response I R;1 (t) is just a scaled copy of V R;1 (t),
its plot is omitted. The second receiving state is associated with
(19) and corresponds to the situation with the open-circuited
port 1 (i.e., I R;1 (t) = 0). In this case, we have calculated the
open-circuited voltage response V R;1 (t) and the electric-current
pulse I R;2 (t) in the chosen capacitive impedance Z L;2 (t) =
(C L;2 )−1 H(t) at port 2 with C L;2 = 500 (pF). The resulting
pulse shapes are shown in Figs. 10 and 11, respectively.
With all the signals at hand, we may evaluate the time
convolutions on the left-hand sides of (18) and (19) and
get L(t) = I T;1 (t) ∗ V G;1 (t). For the electric-current excita-
tion pulse specified by (22), the closed-form deconvolution
253
Fig. 10. Pulsed-voltage response at open-circuited port 1 with C L ;2 =
500 (pF) connected at port 2.
Fig. 11. Pulsed-current response in C L ;2 = 500 (pF) at port 2 with port 1
open circuited.
algorithm that yields V G;1 (t) at once does exist, viz.,
∞
t2w  2(n + 2)2 − 1 + (−1)n +2
V G;1 (t) =
4Im n =0 8
∂t3 L(t − ntw /2). (25)
Obviously, the number of terms in (25) is finite in any
(bounded) time window of observation.
The sought pulse shapes of the pulsed EM radiation char-
acteristics as calculated from (18)–(19) are shown in Fig. 12.
In order to validate the results, the radiated electric field has
also been evaluated with the help of the “far-field probes” im-
plemented in the CST Microwave Studio. As can be seen, the
final results agree very well. The visible discrepancy in the late
part of the response found from (19) is largely attributed to
fact that V T;21 (t) was obtained upon integrating the space-time
voltage distribution along the circuit rim (see [22, eq. (19)])
under the thin-slab assumption implicit in the formulation of
TD-CIM. Obviously, the additional contour integration and the
254 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. 59, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2017

further write


T× s × 
E ∗ H − E s ∗ H T · ν dA = 0 (27)
∂D

which in combination with (7) and (26) leads to



T× R × 
E ∗ H − E R ∗ H T · ν dA
∂D
·
= −μ−1 i −1 T;∞
0 αe (t) ∗ ∂t E (−β, t). (28)
Application of the reciprocity theorem to the domain occupied
by the power-ground structure and to the total fields in the
transmitting and receiving situations yields


T× R × 
E ∗ H − E R ∗ H T · ν dA
∂D
Fig. 12. Pulsed EM radiation characteristics evaluated via (18) (port 2 open   
circuited), (19) (port 1 open circuited), and the “far-field probes” of FIT—CST · ·
Microwave Studio. = J T ∗ E R − J R ∗ E T dV (29)
D

where we have assumed that the medium in D is self-adjoint in

thin-slab approximation introduce errors that typically manifest its EM properties. Finally, combination of (28) with (29) leads
themselves in the late-part of the response. to (9) that is used in the main text.

APPENDIX B
V. CONCLUSION SYMMETRY OF THE IMPEDANCE MATRIX
Thévenin’s equivalent network of a power-ground structure In this section, we will investigate conditions under which
with N accessible ports has been constructed with the aid of the the impedance matrix Z T (t) is symmetrical. To this end,
time-domain reciprocity theorem of the time-convolution type. let us consider a power-ground structure in its transmitting
Such a representation closely relates the transmitting and receiv- state and interrelate two EM field states, say A and B,
ing states of a power-ground structure and may hence provide that are associated with EM fields {E T;A , H T;A }(x|xm , t)
new physical insights into its radiation and reception pulsed and {E T;B , H T;B }(x|xn , t) and their respective EM electric-
EM-field behavior. As has been demonstrated, the presented current sources
description may reveal new reciprocity relations that can be ap-
plied to benchmark purely numerical EM solvers. Moreover, it J T;A (x|xm , t) = I T;m (t)h δ(x − xm )i3 (30)
is anticipated that such an equivalent Kirchhoff-circuit repre-
sentation is applicable to describing (the change of) the pulsed J T;B (x|xn , t) = I T;n (t)h δ(x − xn )i3 . (31)
EM back-scattered field (echo) of a power-ground structure,
Application of the reciprocity theorem of the time-
thereby offering a means for its description based on scattering
convolution type (see [20, Sec. 28.2]) to the domain occupied
data. Consistency of the proposed equivalent-network repre-
by the power-ground structure leads to
sentation has been validated with the aid of TD-CIM and the 
(3-D) FIT.
T;A × T;B × 
E ∗H − E T;B ∗ H T;A · ν dA
∂D

APPENDIX A
· · 
= −E T;A ∗ J T;B + E T;B ∗ J T;A dV
RECIPROCITY ANALYSIS D

The following analysis is based on the reciprocity theorem
T;A · T;B ·
− ∂t E ∗D − E T;B ∗ D T;A
of the time-convolution type as formulated by De Hoop [20, D
Sec. 28.2]. At first, combination of the surface-integral repre- · · 
sentation of the transmitted-field radiation amplitude (4) with − H T;A ∗ B T;B + H T;B ∗ B T;A dV (32)
(5) and (6) results in the following interaction integral: where {D T;A , B T;A } and {D T;B , B T;B } are the correspond-
 ing electric and magnetic flux densities, respectively. In the sec-

T× i × 
E ∗ H − E i ∗ H T · ν dA ond step, the reciprocity theorem is applied to the unbounded
∂D domain exterior to the power-ground structure. Taking into ac-
· count that the embedding medium is self-adjoint and that the
= −μ−1 −1 T;∞
0 αe (t) ∗ ∂t E
i
(−β, t). (26)
fields of states A and B are causal, we get

Thanks to the fact that the transmitted and scattered wave
T;A × T;B × 
fields are causal and that the embedding is self-adjoint, we can E ∗H − E T;B ∗ H T;A · ν dA = 0. (33)
∂D
ŠTUMPF: EQUIVALENT THÉVENIN-NETWORK REPRESENTATION OF A PULSE-EXCITED POWER-GROUND STRUCTURE
In case that the medium in D is reciprocal, the last integral in
(32) is zero. In such a case, the combination of (30)–(33) yields
I T;n (t) ∗ V T;n m (t) = I T;m (t) ∗ V T;m n (t). (34)
Now, upon combining the latter with the following identities:
V T;n m (t) = V T;n m (t)|I T ; m (t)=δ (t) ∗ I T;m (t) (35)
V T;m n (t) = V T;m n (t)|I T ; n (t)=δ (t) ∗ I T;n (t) (36)
we will, with the aid of the properties of associativity and com-
mutativity of the time convolution operator, finally end up with
Z T;n m (t) = Z T;m n (t) (37)
which expresses the symmetry of the impedance matrix. As
has been shown, the latter holds true provided that both the
power-ground structure and the embedding are reciprocal in
their EM constitutive properties. It is noted that in contrast to
similar proofs carried out in the real-frequency domain (see [10,
Sec. 2.3.1], for example), the proof given here is not limited to
power-ground structures that are linear in their EM behavior.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to express his thanks to the (anony-
mous) reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript and
their constructive suggestions for the improvement of the paper.
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Martin Štumpf (M’14) was born in Čáslav, Czech
Republic, on September 22, 1983. He received the
B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical en-
gineering from the Brno University of Technology
(BUT), Brno, Czech Republic.
He then spent a year and a half as a Post-
doctoral Fellow with the ESAT-TELEMIC division,
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,
during 2011–2012. He is currently an Assistant Pro-
fessor with the SIX Research Centre, BUT. He also
spent several months as a Visiting Scientist with the
Institute for Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Electromagnetic Compat-
ibility, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany, in 2008, and with
the Laboratory of EM Research, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The
Netherlands (in 2009–2010 and 2014).
Dr. Štumpf received a Young Scientist Best Paper Award (third prize) and a
Young Scientist Award at the URSI International Symposium on Electromag-
netic Theory, Hiroshima, Japan (2013), a Young Scientist Award at the URSI
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, Berlin, Germany (2010),
a Radioengineering Young Scientist Award at the Radioelektronika Conference
(2011), and a Best Diploma Thesis Award from the MTT/AP/ED/EMC joint
Chapter of the Czechoslovak Section of IEEE (2008).
His main research interests include electromagnetic, acoustic and elastody-
namic wave, and diffusive phenomena.