ASET Geog danPertambangon il 16 No2 Tahun 2008 CARBONATE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND PLATFORM. MORPHOLOGY OF THE WONOSARI FORMATION IN THE AREA FAST OF PACITAN, 1M, Ma'ruf Mult, Mt, Safe Sitegar®, Papi, and N, Supratnat 1M, Ma'ruf Mak, M4 Sti Siegr, Peps, and N. Supraina, Carbonate Depstona vironment and Plafrm Moroiogy of dae Wovose' Formation ia the Area East of Preitan, RISED ~ Geol! dan Petambangon Ji 1 No.2 Taku 2005, pp. 29 38,9 figures | abe Abstract: Ftd observation a aborstory wou Have ben conducted to determine the faubonate fies dstibuion and oltre the eavivoament of deposition end platform ‘morphology of de Tear limestones ofthe Wonosti Formation i the east of Pain. All samples were then chased based on Joréan clsifcatin (1985), and being ‘otepreted their environment of deposition. The Wonesri Formation in he eat of Pacitan comprises of cor! bounctore faces, fruminifer pckstne-vackeston, ges foram pactton, coa-ger forum udsone, end algal-reminifal pecktonefoles. ‘These facies represent dapostnal envionment ofthe et ze ote outer se Bain= cur slope and ridlavipper slope environments sited te not of the ree! zane, Sd bac eer she envionnent thes ad Wes, Sarl Penelian lapangan dan analsn i labortoium telah dsukan untuk menenukan $ebaran fis asbona dan terre nglngan pengentspan se moog afore far bausanping Taser Fonsi Wonose ei sebelsh tinue Pian, Samp ban ‘iklsieasikan erdasrkan ksh Jordon (05RS) yang Kenan diterprelskan lingkungon pengedspannya. Formas Wonesr i imr Pein fer was fries cor boundstone, erominfera packaione-nactstane, lager Joram poclston, cva-targer {foram rudsions, dan nies algal framinferelpoctone, Fass fais toot eval Tinghungealinghungsn pengcadopan ref sone aa eager-ahel, inghangun Bax outer slope dan midale-uppr slope yi Ul ur efron, st ingsugan back ee ‘ner shelf dh ebelahseltan dan bat ref zoe, INTRODUCTION Carbonate rocks are considered one of the iain reservoir rocks in hydrocarbon exploration, ‘especially for the Tertiary in Indonesia. Hence, the sty of these rocks are very important for the petroleum geoscience. The hydrogeological spouts ofthe western atea of Gunung Sowu of the Wonossri Formation, which comprises vagus facies types of carbonates have been stuied by Utomo et af (1992), and Siregar etal (14a and 19946), in relation to hydrogeology staly, end only covers the western srea of ‘Pi Pesan Gig = LP 2» Gunung Soma, while Sartana (1964) has studied this formation in’ the eestern area. The Identification of the various Tacies types were mainly based on the Dunham (1962), classifiestion, Regional geology investigations of this ates have been conducted by Rahardj eta (1995), end Sudarne (1997). ‘Tho main object ofthis sudy, the Wonossri Formation, bated on previous facies determination, hus been interpreted to represent carbonate platform. This study extends the area Of investigation to. the easter ptt basically ‘wari ear epson enaonner,carboute ployerRUSET— Gzolog dan Perambongon Jl 16 No.2 Pann 2008 ‘employing the same carbonate facies classification of the environment of depocition and platform morphology. ‘The rest ofthis stndy wil provide us witha beter oveiall picture of the Testy carbonate rocks and the tectonic setting of this region, hich represent very Important parameters in hydrocarbon exploration, ‘The research area is sisted in the Pecitan saree in Esst Java, located to the east of the Gunung Sewn atea of Youyakarta end Central Java, The Gunung Sewu geologic uit represents 4 rimmed shelf carbonate platform extending ‘elativly in an east-west direction (Sitega ef af 2008), To the north of Gunung Seora os a telatively deep (-200-400 m) fore ae basi with voleaniiastc sedimentation derived fiom the Yoleanie ere tothe north (Lokies, 1999). In the Pacitan ara tothe eas, the Wonosari Fornaton developed in a different facies (Sieger et a, 2004) called as Punung Formation (Satono, 1964). A correlation between tho stratigraphy of the Gunung Sewu area (south of Yogyakarta d (Central Java) and the Punang area (East Java) is shown inthe Table below. The presen sty of. the Wonosari carbonate sedimentation tthe east of Pavtan covers an area of about 110 kin’ ‘Table 1, Stratigraphic Correlation of the Gunung Sewu and Punng Areas. TMs [reo asm | Cn Ny rece eae. METHODOLOGY ‘The Jordan carbonate classification (1985, bbr. ICE) will be used in this study. The facies ‘alyses in which the most significant elements ‘fa carbonate rock are represented is shown i ‘Kepek Pm salon of ines med mt Wonder in. Bese ime, celine Hines, ty imatn,pcns cdo at ‘O30 Fm, Tuco iene, tects at Tunor in.:Reod neon, ison wah ‘ars nde states cto ly Instone, ringing wih taco ands, cls, englere neon, a, ‘StmitaFn, rein snes with ‘bontent sae angron Fa. Vtemi en, tgp, plow in, telat bei ents een Soutien Peery, eco stn, tne Nawal in: Agee sadn, estos nly ln eona ise Wl Fo Conn andes powers, ication wih flat one, and seine ran of trenton ay Kebo-Dutik Fa Bede tessa shal, ‘alee if ane zn aca stn Pn: Quezsandron, core smdson, ‘lone song ny i cl ered ‘ood Hn esol Fin: Dae, anit, dca asi ‘Wangtt-camping Fe = intone, snd, ae ey 30 the following equation; ‘Girone Facks(C = CthieDserpex) + Composion “Tere RemRUSET— Geog dan Pertamborgon Jk 16 Na2 Tahun 2005 Camposition and texture are the dominaat factors inthe equation. Composition is used for Aesribing the sond-size (or larger) fiaction of the rock or sediment. The most abundant grain type is listed fist ard is followed by the next ‘mst abundant one. Textual term om Dunnam (1969) considered the relative abundance of sligchems and mieite but do not consider the “dentiy of the diferent earbonage grains. Rocks se assigned names according 10. their epositional textures, which are related to the etry of the depositional environment. The JCP als) takes into account the presence of grave size carbonate grains and’ the variation of boandstones according. to the Dunham clasification (as modified by Embry & Klovan 191, in Tucker, 1990). Lithie descriptor and satks are optional. Lithie desritors are pottayed for sedimentary structures, admixtures ‘of ergillaceous or arenaceous materia, diagenetic feanres and fractures. Remarks refec to minor features that are nor logged a8 par of roek forming particle types of textures, Remarks can be used to identity rare, special occurences of fosils, sedimentary” siuetutes, porosity, or bydocerbon shows The next sep i 10 interpret che environment ‘of cepostion ofthese fies. The interpretation is rou occa bused on the Wilson carbonate epnstions! ‘mod (1975), which is constrained by the main biota "composition, texture, sedimentary structures, and. iis essoviated sediments ‘The classification recognizes 24 types of mierofacies assignable to nine standard facies belts, with the possibilty of some mierofaces types occuring ir ‘ore than one facies bel (fier Wilson, 1975; luge, 198, in Jordan, 1995). Each type of platform morphology has very distinctive characteristics. ‘The term carbonate platform has been used in a very general and Toose sense for a thick sequence of mostly shallow water carbonates (Tucker, 1990), Carbonate platforms develop in a whole range of rotectoniesetings, but particularly slong the passive continental margin, intvaratonie basin 0 failed is, and back arc. basins to foreland busin. Three main types of carbonate platform have been recognized rimmed shelf, ram, and isolated plaformn. Besides its geotectoie senting, platform mocphotogy also depend on the feces vvaiation and distribution, vertical facies changes, andthe platform geometry. Carrlstion laetween several cross sections in @ north-south Aiection in the studied area describes the reintionship between the carbonate facies of the Wonosari Fermation and the undetlying erations, Figure. Blovks of limestone exposuees (Lack solid lin), lcaion of traverse (hit dashed Hine) an site ventions (dats in colors). Background Landsat gery sequited on March 13,2003 31RISET— Geog dan Pertambongan id 16 No.2 Tau 2008 All samples were taken during Geldwork in 2005. in which 6 uterop site wore obsarved ‘and Sections “measured. Site locations were ‘redetermined based on previous facies maps, ‘and geomorphology interpretation of Landsat ‘imagery (Figure 1). 10 detailed meatured section of interesting facies variations and Iithology contacts were mate, and samples collected with 8 minimum of (sample foreach facies. From ‘each sample a polished slab was prepared for ‘egascopic determination, and thin section for Iieroscopic determination, From the’ 64 Yocations, 40 locations were selected for Iegascopie and mioroscopie analyses; these samples covered the investing a5 well a the hitherto unrecognized facies in the fed, A total ‘of 40 thin sections and 10 polished slabs have been prepare, RESULTS Carbonate facies types The locetion where observations were made in the research area (Figure 1), i extended from Pacitan in the west to Teluk Panggol inte eas ‘The esearch area has been divided into 6 blocks based on the locality of the outerops Figure I), ‘hey afe Block 1 in the nortneast of Pactan, 2xtending ftom Wanaganda inthe west 16 Bungur inthe east. Black 2 is located to the west 2f Pacitan the third isin Pactan tothe east, the ‘outh ison the west side of Kali Leroa, Sudimoro, and the area adjacent next othe river 1 the east is Block 5. The most enstem block is located t0 the west of Teluk Pangan, Samples fave been collected fom 40 location, and based on the facies determination they were casifed ito the following facies eyes: Foraminifera packstone~ waskestone facies ‘The texure of the pscktone-wackestone (PW) facies ranges from. paclstone to wackestone, with packstone being dominant. The ‘ack constituents comprise mainly bent foraminifera while planktonic foraminifera. at common (Figure 2), the sedimens being ‘wpiclly bedded, bed thickness of about 20-50 cm, grey to brownish grey in color, far and showing am upward thickening suecesion Channeling sutures are. developed in the Imidle ofthe section (see Figure 2), while other identified bioclasic material include fagnents of delicate branching corals (Poriidae), and mollsk shell fragamenis. Traces of burows were also recognized within. The matrix ofthis fcies ismicrite. In the research area, the occurence of the planktonic packstone-wackestone is restricted to the trea to the north of Pagergurung (northern ‘lack, the north of Gunung Tumpaknengko, and in the east of Kali Lorog oF atthe northern ts of the eastern centtal block. This facies is associated with marl, brown in color, dominated by benthos foraminifera, thinly bedded 5-40 em, and brit, Exnarttenai, ‘inc bem bone Reetactan 2 Figure2, Measured section a the Tampakaonsho (Lii0) “ection, showing the foraminiferal packatone ~ watkesine facies interbedded ith mar. “Larger foraminifera packstone facies In the field, this facies can be observed at several locations. Outerops in the northern part ‘of the western block (Banyubint) show bedéed limestone ranging in thickness from 20 cm to ‘massive packsione, some showing nodular wav bedding, grey, and hard. The carbonates mally consist of larger foraminifera dominated by Lepidecyclina and Amphivegina, and other Diociastc material, incloding, branching coral fagmenis, echinoid spines, benthic forams, reRISE ~ Gala cn Prtombangn ii 16 No.2 Tah 2005 tle fragments, mollusk fagrens, worm tube, find lthie Fragments (Figure 3). This larger foram pitkstone-wackestone is associated. with coral boindstone in the Block I and 2 (north and ‘westeinmast) with mirite as matrix. Inthe other Dleeks, (Block 3, 4 nd 5), this facies. is associated with boundstone and alal-oram peeksione. gure 3. Thin seston photographs showlog bott ‘within the larger foram paektone. Top photo is snaps from LEC (Karaagtue) tows Ineger foram (L),eekinaid spine frngmenta,(Q), aad ace of larger Foraminifera replace by sparry eatlte The bottom photo Was kee tron. LOS (Ngantala) sample, shane rg foraminifera (Ua woe >. CCorat-langer foraminifera rudstone facies This fcies fs composed of rudstone texared 3 carbonates with coral fragments representing. ‘major component. ‘This facies crops out in a restricted ara, in the westero tp of te eastem ‘ental block or near the Lorog River (Figure 4), hile another outerop is found inthe eastern ip af the eastern central block, or next t0 the ‘Tembawur River (Figure 4). In the field this facies shows massive (more than 2 meters thick) bedding with wavy contact, grey, and is hard te bet, gett ema Figuied, Measured secdons from two leatous nw both ans of the eastern caste biosk. Top fe PT2 locaton (essen) fad bottom is PTS (Kedungreo). Te Corslaeger foram eudstone ts overlie ly boundatone face.RISET— Geog can PetemBangon Slt 16 No: Tahun 2 FFeuna constituents include corel fragments as _ostracods. Matrix ofthis facies comprises well the major component, and benthic foram, sorted micite (Figure 3). This flee foond nilliolid, larger forams such as Lepidoeyelina, associated with platy coral bindstone on fof of I alzte fiagments, mollusc fragments, with (Figure 4. minor benthic forams, echinoid spines and igor. Thin section photographs showing the bots within the coralarger foram rudston facies (ale 1 mm) Left pot taken trom Ngasom (FT2) shows echineld spine (E), swallSenthe forse (Oh, and planktone foram (Pred sigae feagmant(R), mate Is micrite, Photo tothe right fe hy Kedangrao (PT3) same shows fragments of ezinad spine (8), bemhte foram (By rsgrent ‘of arger foram, enerusting re agae (Rand vg (V) developed tn bryorsan agmect, ‘Coral boundstone facies coral flamestone, platy coral bindstone, and branching coral baflestone, Due to the Himted lateral distribution of these three facies, the facies map only shows the tree facies grouped together as coral boundstone (see Figure 6). ‘The coral boundstone faces actually is @ facies groups of thee reet associated feces (Embry and Kiovan, 1971), they are massive Cw Center ite ts TI om [SS ope teme tment an Figure 6. Facies map ofthe Wonesari Limestone inthe Paclton ates uISEP— Geol den Fertembongon Ji 16 No.2 Tahun 2005 ‘This fusies mainly comprises various types of conls, with other faunal fragments such as ted alae, moles, larger foram, planktc foram, ‘aren algne, and echinoid spines, Worm tubes fre also found es @ primary component in some locations, Lime mud is commonly found as the matrix in the ranching coral bafflestone, while miele ean be found as matrix inthe platy cor bindstone and massive coral framestone (Figure Figue 7. ‘Thin section photographs showing biota within the matrix of ora Boundstone (PT 9), sale ist sm. Left photo shows lager Tornn (Ly planitone form (@), lle shell (M, and benthic foram 0B). Phote to the right shows feagments of larger forams (Led algae (R), coral (C), [the field this facies shows massive futerops, and can be found in several locations The play coral bindstone ean be tsced in the noth block, distributed from Pagergunung in the ‘wei to Bungu in the eat, This facies also crops fut in the easter cental Block around the Tumpak and Pula area, The branching. coral halestone is distibuted on both flanks west end eas of the ensten block in the area west of Pangggul. ‘The outcrops of the massive coral franestone are located near Ngesem-Nglumpang inthe westside ofthe easter central block, and Secang tothe west of Sudimoro, Algat— ora al Packstone faces This facies contain coarse-very coarse bioslastic grains which dominantly “comprise algae and larger foraminifera (Figure), In the Feld his facies can be recognized by ie well- Dedled nature, bedding ranging from 30 em 0 rassive, diy white to grey, hard-britie Microscopic examination has determined several biota as the components of this facies, including redalgae, both encrusted and atiulated, locally found in forming rodolitis, larger” foram Inching Amplisteging, Lepidocyetin, and Miogypsina, benthic foraminifera, and echinoid spines, Outcrops with good exposures can be observed around Banyubiru in the west block, Teluk Ngesen in the western cental block, and Seeang and Gununggrogoh inthe easter beck DISCUSSION The carbonate facies of the Wonosai Formation in the the Paciten ares comprises several ficies that are relatively similer those encountered othe west, inthe Wonosar are in the western part of the distribution area ofthe \Wosiosari Formation, fom Patangtitis ~ Pacitan, five facies can be distinguished, whieh area the planktonic packstone-vackestone cies, coral boundstone, grainstone-packstone, packtone- sudstone, and algal-foramtniferal feces (Sieger, 2004). In ts eastern part, the carbonate facies ‘ypes reveal five facies: foraminifera peckstone- Wackesione, larger foram packsione, coral rudstone, coral boundstone, and algal: foraminiferal peckstone faces. Paleontological evidence indicate an Upper ‘Te-Lower TF (Lower-Middle Miocene) age which was Aeterined based on larger foraminifera, whileRISET~ Geog dan Ferambongon Hl 16 No.2 Tahun 2005 Figure, Thin section photographs showing bits within he algaL foraminiferal packstoue faces. Left fs {om Gambiran (PGI) sample shows odelth (Rand beni form (B as mlens, ence ted by the calcareous algae. Right photo i typical stroctores lose the red algae (8). Photoyaph below shows pols slab odaity (R) developed by enarusting ofthe nucleus (8) nde planltonic foraminifera reveal an age not older than Middle Miocene (Siregar etal, 2005). The age tange is similar to the age determination of previous research. Nahrowi (1979) determined the age ofthe limestone formation inthe Punung atea as Middle Mecene-Carly Upper Miocene, hich leds tothe conclusion that the limestones in the research area represent an eastward ‘extension of the Wonossri Formation in the ‘Gunung Sewe are The coral boundstone feces which was found sopping out in the northem block, to the northeast of Pacitan and the other four blocks in the south of research ares. are interpreted to represent the finge ofthe carbonate platform. As thas been explained earlier, due to the restricted lateral distribution, the author inchuded three facies types of insita reefrelated sediments: balestone, bindstone and famestone facies, into ‘ne faces type, coral boundstone facies (Figure 9). Siregar et al (2004) reported that varius ‘pes of corel compesed the primary constituent oF the boundstone facies “of the Wenoser Formation in the Gunung Sewu area. inthis castem part ofthe Wonosati Formation (Siignr etal, 2005), massive, branching and platy coral acted as the primary component of the ounstone facies. The domination of coral in the Wonosari formation confined the Mio:ene a the period of abundant global coral evelopment (Wilson and. Rosen, 1998; in Lokier, 1999) although Lolier “reported diferent dominant biotin this formation, The author assumed that this difference might be due tothe by the limited research area ofthe previous study, ‘The southern part ofthe Wonoseri Formation in Pacitan is mostly represented by esrbormes \eposited nv a beck reof inne shelf environment, notable due to the occurrence of the algal foraminiferel faces which i usally deposit in high energy shallow waters in todem reef environments (Flugel, 1982 in Tucker, 1990; Loki, 1999), in the’ back reef (Siregar et a 2004), Locally rodoliths ean be found within this facies indicating the very high energyRISEP— Geog dan Pertombangan St 16 No.2 Tahun 2005 environment with less then 50 ft of waterdept Gadan, 1995). The reef dental sediments (Jordan, 1996) is represented by — eventhough restricted in foocutence- the _comablarger_ “foraminifera rdsone ad larger Forsminifra facies. igere9, Sedimentation model o the Wonosae limestone inthe Pactan aren ‘These facies are commonly situated in the middle nd ypper slope (Wilson, 1975; and Fhgel, 1982, la Jordan, 1996). Coral faginents within’ the cora-eeger foraminiferal facies indicat a relatively high energy and near to the reef zone environment ‘The foraminifera packstone facies is dominated by benthic Foraminifera, ané common planconie framinitera, Within this facies larger foram, thin branching coral fagmens, and malhse fragments are also encountered. This facies has been interpreted to represent the ote shelf to basinal depositional envizonment. Biota such as benthic framinier, an brenching coral Fragments indiete the relatively moderate-high energy of the reef environment (Jordan, 1996). ‘Wiilt the indication ofthe basinal environment ‘was determined from the benthie and planktonic Foraminifera, and also from the associated beds, comprising thin layers of marl t rich in foraminifera (see Fignre 3). The texture which range fiom packstone to wackestone and the typical color of beds stengihens the 37 Snterpretation of the depositional environment of this facies. The location of this Tales in the northern part of the reef zone suggest thatthe deeper basin was located t0 the north of tis carbonate platform, similar to the Wonesai Jimestone in the Gunung Sewu area (Sireesr, 2008 and 2005; Lokier, 1999) CONCLUSION “The Wonosari Formation in the Pacitn aree has been imerpreted to represent the easiard extension of the Wonosati limestone of the ‘Gunung Sewu area, compesing a carbonat platform, of the same age and showing. + variation of fies which is quiet similar 10 its westem part. Several feces have been recognized within the Wonosari Formation inthe Pacitan area, inloding: foraminiferal packstone ‘wackestone facies, Inrger foram packstone, coral: Tavger foraminiferal rudstone facies,” coral boundstone facies, and alge-oraminifeal[ISET Geolegi dan Pertombongo ili 16 No.2 Tan 2008 packstone facies. The environment of éepesition Of the Wonosa! Formation cat be dstngulsed to a basin-ouersiope environment and middle ‘upper slope environment situated tothe north of the reef zone othe outer shelf and a back reef ler shelfenvironment tothe south and west, Acknowledgement ‘The author of this paper wishes to acknowledge I. Praptisih asthe team leader of the fiekiwork, Nandang Supriata, and Kuswand for their support during the fieldwork, and Soko ‘Trisuksmono for his support in the laboratory work, Drs. M. Safei Siregar for the valuable Aiseussion, and Dr. Fred Hehuwet for reviewing ‘and editing this paper. REFERENCES Dunham, R., 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks ccording to depositional texture. Ins Ham, WE ed: Classification of carbonate rocks, Ain. Assoc, Petroleum Geologist Mem. 1, Table 1p. 117. Jordan, CP, 1988. Classieation of carbonate ‘rocks’ and sample logging for carbonate IMhofacies. In Jordan, E1996 Carbonate seminar for Manus Southeast Sumatera, Maxus, Indonesia, 9.242. Loker, $.W., 1999. 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Carbonate facies in geologic histor, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 71 Wilson, M.E., 1996, Evoletion and hydrocarbon potential of the Tertiary Tanase Limestone Farmation, Slaves, Indonesia, Proc. 27 Ann. Conv, Indonesian Petroleum Association, p. 2r20.