Key Words for Fluency Intermediate collocation practice learning and practising the most useful words of English George Woolard THOMSON United Kingdom = United States + Australa + Canada + Mexico * Singapore + SpainTHOMSON ——+___- Key Words for Fluency Intermediate George Woolard Publisher: Christopher Wenger Director of Development: Anita Raducanu ‘Amy Mabley Developmental Editor: Jimmie Hill Production Manager: Sally Giangrande Intl. Marketing Manager: Eric Bredenberg Copyright © 2005 by Thomson ELT, 2 part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson ELT and the ‘Thomson logo are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means ~ graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems — without the written permission of the publisher. Printed in kaly. 123456789 10 08 07 06 05 04 For more information, contact Thomson Learning, High Holborn House, 50/5! Bedford Row, London WCIR 4LR, United Kingdom, or ‘Thomson Heinle, 25 Thomson Place, Boston, MA 02210 USA, or you can visit our internet site at celtthomsen.com For permission to use material from this book, submie a request online at www thomsonrights.com ISBN: 0-7593.9628.0 Sr. Print Buyer: Mary Beth Hennebury Wlustrator: Bill Stott Cover/Text Designer: Anna Macleod ‘Cover Image: © Anna Macleod Printer: Canale ‘The author George Woolard is an experienced ELT teacher and trainer whe has worked in Greece, Malaysia, and the UK. He now teaches at Stevenson College, Edinburgh. His publications include Lessons with Laughter and Grammar with Laughter (Thomson ELT) Acknowledgements | am grateful to Michael Lewis for his comments in the early stages of the development of the Key Word approach that underpins this book I should also lke co thank those colleagues and seudents at Scevenson College, Edinburgh, whose feedback proved invaluable during the development and writing of this material. Lastly, am particularly grateful to my editor, Jimmie Hil, for his meticulous comments and guidance in shaping this book George Woolard Key Words for Fuency ~ intermediateTo the student Dear Student Words have friends! You have probably spent a long time learning new words. However, itis not enough to know only a word and its meaning. You also need to know what other words it combines with to make natural expressions in English. Words have friends, and you need to know who they are! We call this relationship between words ‘collocation’. This is a very important part of learning vocabulary. Key words This book practises the collocations of some of the most useful words in English. These ‘key ‘words’ are the nouns we use to talk about particular topics. For example, nouns like trip, fight, passport are key words if you want to talk or write about travelling How is the book organised? This book is organised into topics, divided into 22 sections. Each section consists of a number of one-page units. Each unit consists of a box at the top of the page, which lists the most common collocations of the key word. This is followed by exercises which help you to notice and practise the collocations of that key word in natural expressions and sentences. How to use this book There is simply not enough time to learn all these collocations in cass, so this book is designed for self-study, and will help you to develop your vocabulary quickly and independently. If you do one unit of this book every day, in under a year you will have learned over 3,000 ‘expressions. That will make an enormous difference to your English! This book can also help you with your work in class. For example, if the topic in your ‘coursebook is about jobs, then it would be a good idea to look at Unie 4 ~ Work. Lastly, collocation practice is one of the best ways to prepare for the FCE and similar examinations, especially for the speaking and writing sections. Keep this book! This is a book for life. When you have completed the exercises, it becomes your personal vocabulary reference book ~ a resource book that you can return to again and aga George Woolard Edinburgh 2005 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateBefore you begin Section world ‘country home building accommodation and rent place to live Section pollution, fumes, waste and rubbish ‘earthquake and flood storm damage the environment Section 3: The natural world weather heat and temperature noise and silence Section job staff and duty qualification and inverview stall raining wage, salary and pay Work Section 5: Travel trip holiday flighe delay and destination passenger passport and visa luggage and fare Section 6:Traffic traffic street route and map accident injury Contents 10 u 2 1B 4 16 7 8 19 20 2 23 4 25 %6 7 28 30 31 32 3 35 36 38 39 40 4l 2 “a “ 4% a7 48 0 50 Section 7: Education education lesson practise and homework ‘exam and mark. Section 8: Sport and fitness sport team game race, competition and match viewory defeat prize strength energy and exercise Section 9: Health health iness disease and infection stress smoking and drugs (illegz!) pain appointment, symptom and test ‘treatment and cure operation and drug Section 10: Money money and cash savings, fortune and debt price fee and charge expense Section 11: Food food drink meal and dish diet and appetite party Section 12: Fun and entertainment fun and entertainment joke television and programme 4 Key Words fr Fluency ~ Intermediate 2 33 54 55 56 58 59 60 61 62 8 6 66 90 31 2 3fan and audience flim music and song Section 13: People life dexth age character clothes and fashion appearance habie and routine Section 14: Relationships friend enemy marriage divorce love respect, family Section 15: The body and the senses head band heart ee sight smell breath sleep and dream Section 16: Feeling and mood feeling mood happiness and pleasure anger fear and anxiety worry confidence disappointment and relief surprise and shock Section 17: Society ‘government and election society justice kw 34 95 %6 98 99 100 tol 102 103 104 10, 107 08 09 ho ut 12 14 us 116 17 le U9 120 i 2 123 4 126 127 128 129 130 BI 132 133 1B4 136 137 Be 139 140 Section 18: Crime and punishment crime and criminal offence, offender and victim arrest and charge (criminal) evidence trial and verdice sentence and fine punishment and prison Section 19: Conflict peace atrack defence bomb and explosion casualty weapon and gun dispute and strike campaign and demonstration Section 20: Communication language discussion speech secret, rumour and lie Section 21: Information message document article lecter mail advert, publicity and reputation ‘Section 22: Technology machine equipment computer and internet fault repair Answer Key Alphabetical List of Words Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 142 143 laa 14s, 146 \47 148 150 St 152 153 154 55 156 157 58 160 ra 162 163 64 166, \67 168 169 170 aT In 74 175 176 7 178 179 196Before you begin |. What are key words? “Key words’ are the most common and most useful words in English. They are the most important ‘words to learn. The main reason they are important is because they can combine with lots of other words in short expressions. We call these expressions ‘collocations\ 2. What are collocations? Collocation is'the grammar of words' — how words go together with other words. Collocation tells us which words can come before or after other words. Here are some examples from this book: + verbs with money ‘You can earn money, save money, lend money, and inherit money. + adjective with price ‘You can pay the full price for something. Perhaps you only paid half-price. + verbs with food ‘You can prepare, serve, eat and waste food. ‘These are just a few of the collocations you will learn in this book. 3. Why are all the key words in this book nouns? Nouns are the most important words we know, All the other parts of speech ~ adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, verbs, and prepositions ~ are important too, but they don’t tell us as much as nouns do, Nouns tell us WHAT we are talking about: language Verbs then tell us what we ean do with a language: learn it acquire it, speak itor translate it ‘Adjectives can then tell us what kind of language: ‘our first language. a foreign language, body language, bad language. But the most important idea is to start with ideas or ings which we express with nouns. I you are having a meal and you would like the sak, you could simply say salt Everybody knows that you want the salt.So you could have said: the sale or the salt please for pass the salt please for Could you pass the sale, please? ‘We know that the last sentence is the best way of saying what we want. If we had said ‘Could you pass the X. please? nobody would know what we wanted! In ths situation, che noun salt carries 99% of our meaning 4, Why is it important to learn the collocations of the most important nouns? If we know 100 of the most important nouns,and we learn 10 verbs or adjectives which can go with ‘them, we will then know 1,000 expressions. Every time we learn 100 nouns with 10 collocations of each, we add another 1,000 expressions to our vocabulary. Quite simply, learning to use more words 6 Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatealong with the words we already know is the most useful way to expand our English. If you study all three books in this Key Words for Fluency series, you wil learn over 10,000 expressions, 5. Who chose the words in this book? ‘These words chose themselves! In all the modern databases of English, the key words in this book are among the most ‘commonly used. The best way for you to improve your English is to learn the most common collocations of these most common words. This intermediate book ‘contains around 15 collecations of over 200 of the most useful words at this level-That means you will practise over 3,000 useful expressions if you study this book. Dictionaries contain thousands of words and expressions, but they cannot tell you which ones to learn or how to use them. “The 3,000 expressions in this book will help you to improve and help you to pass your examinations, “He makes to0 many sly mistakes!” 6. Why is this book called Key Words for Fluency? Fluency isthe ablity to speak naturally listen efciently, read quickly. and write well What does this 1. Speaking naturally means NOT making everything up one word at a time, but speaking in whole expressions at normal speed. 2. Liseening efficiently means understanding people atthe speed at which they speak This means that when you hear the first word of an, expression or the first few words of a sentence, you know how it is going to end. 3. Reading quickly means that your eye is ahead of your brain! You are able to predict what the author has written. 4. Good writing is writing which expresses exactly What you want to say in natural ways which the reader will immediately understand, All those skills depend on having a large store of words and expressions which you don't need to think about or construct every time you use English. The more collocations you know, the less you need to think! And the more fluent your English becomes. 7. Test yourself! Here are eight common situations.You should be able to guess the missing words immediatly. |. I need to work harder at my English. make too many sily ‘The answer is ‘mistakes Although people would understand what you meont if you soi fous is hot the word we use inthis situation Again ‘make o mistake’ or make mistakes’is a fted expression ~ 0 callocation 2. Look, we've got plenty of time. like to see what the countryside round here is like Lets take the scenic .......home. The answer i route’ You wouldn't say ‘scenic road or ‘scenic way: The collocation is ‘scenic route’ f you used ‘way’ or ‘road’ people would understand, but ‘scenic routes the natural choice. Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate3. If your television breaks down in the first three months, we promise to replace it free of The answer is‘charge’You might have guessed ‘cost: Again, your meaning s clear, but the collocation used inthis situation is free of charge’ 4, Not only did she win the marathon, she also set a new world The answer is record Infact, the whole collocation is ‘set a new world record: This is a good example of a verb + adjective + noun collocation, Most of the collocation in this book are two or three words verb + noun or adjective + noun or noun + preposition + noun This example shows that colocaions can be quite long. tis realy important that you learn the whole expression 5. There's been a coup and the president and his family have fled the .. The answer is ‘country You flee 0 country’'if you are a poltcian and you want to get out fast! We don't ‘lee the nation’ ~ always the country. 6. On the way to Athens last week, we flew through an electric storm.The plane was struck by The answer is ‘ightning’ You are ‘struck by lightning’ You can't be ‘struck by thunder’ The collocation ‘struck by lightning’ is fixed You never need to think about it! Just learn i and remember it 7. Its so stuffy in here. I just want to get out into the fresh The answer i ‘i You might think of saying: just want to get outside, Because we have this ready-made collocation ‘get out into the fresh air, that's the natural thing to say! 8. Sorry,I'm late. The traffic was terrible. My taxi got stuck in a traffic. The answer is Jom’ The collocation ‘trafic jam’ so common, it's dificult to think off as twe words! However, its important that you notice and learn the whole expression ‘got stuck in a traffic jam. ‘And itis equaly important that you make yourself use the expression, Practise by changing the pronoun, the tense, nd the context. For example: We got stuck in a huge traffic jam on the way to the airport and missed our fight. | try to avoid the rush hour because I hate getting stuck in taffic jams. Finally | hope that these 8 examples help you understand why noticing and learning collocation is so important: * The more collocations you know and can use, the more fluently you will be able to speak. le means you won't have to make up everything new all the time ~ you can just remember whole expressions. + The more collocations you know, the easier i will be to understand people who speak quickly - particularly native speakers. + The more collocations you know, the easier it will be to read because you wan't have to read every word + The more collocations you know, the easier it will be to write well and accurately. ‘You won't need to translate from your own language into English as much. 6 Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 1 A place to live world 10 country un home 12 building B accommodation and rent 14 Basis é Gy “al Wi, Nic ” e “Home, sweet home!” ‘key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediateworld Verb + world Adjective + world World + noun change the world a changing world world affairs destroy the world an ideal world world peace | ‘take over the world the outside world a world authority | see the world a safer world ‘a world record the whole world |. Verb + world Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Asa young man | wanted to ........-..the world before | settled down. That's why | went off to Australia and New Zealand, 2, Like many young people, my son is very idealistic and he wants to the world and make it a better place 3. Man is the only creature capable of the world 4, Fast food outlets seem to have over the world. You!l find burgers and {ries in almost every corner of the planet. 2. Adjective + world Complete these sentences with the above adjectives: 1. As the only survivor of the crash fel | was the luckiese man in the. world. 2. We must get rid of nuclear weapons to guarantee our children a ........... World, 3. We live in a rapidly ...........world and must learn to adapt if we are to succeed, 4 In an .....-+.+,World, no one would go hungry. 5. The people on this small island have no telephones or radios ~ they are completely cut off from the «2+... world 3. World + noun Notes 10 Complete these sentences with the above nouns: 1. DeVoits, a world .......+..-0n UFOS, will be giving a talk in the main lecture theatre this evening. 2, Maurice Green brake his own world when he won the 100 metres at the Olympics. 3. If you want to broaden your knowledge of world .........,you should read a newspaper every day. 4. The recent increase in terrorism is a real threat to world 1. Note these prepositional expressions: The ceremony was watched by mills around the wold thoughout the word J the world over 2. Note these expressions There's nothing inthe world we can do about (nothing ata) There's no need to rush, we've go al the tne in the word (have plenty of time) He cared on, wthou a care he word (ot wered about anything ot al) The food was out of tis wor! (fantastc) Thanks for coming It means the world to me, (ery importent to me) 3. Note that if you break a world record, you become the world record holder ey Words for Fluency — intermediatecountry Verb + country Adjective + country Common expressions enter a country a foreign country countries break off relations flee a country a free country ‘countries go to war paralyse a country neighbouring country countries gain independence represent a country an underdeveloped country countries host sporting events run a country wealthy country ‘countries sign agreements |. Verb + country Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Le He ...ssse-othe country to escape arrest for the murder of his wife. 2. Arailair and bus strike has the country. Most offices and factories have had to shut down. 3. You'll need a visa to ..........the country. 4. Many people are unhappy with the way the government is ..........the country. 5. She was proud to «her country at the recent Olympics. 2. Adjective + country Complete these sentences with the above odjecives: |. It’s hard to believe that, in such a ..........country, some people don't have enough food. [es dificult to live In @..........€ountry ifyou don't speak the language. Don's tell me what to do! Ie a........--country and I can do what I like! The developed world should provide more aid to .......... countries. 3. Common expressions ‘Match the haves: Which country will hose ‘Twenty couneres signed . The country gained (Our country has broken off ‘The two countries are in danger of independence from the UK in 1967. . going to war over ol diplomatic relations with the UK. fan agreement to stop whaling the next Olympic Games? , paper wawne Note [Note these verb + preposition expressions e ‘We are here today to honour those who fought and ded for thei county in two World Wers. Thirty lego! immigrants have been deported back pone ioe cats ty aa fsa "She wos s0 proud to [Al vehicles ae checked atthe border to prevent ‘represent her country! cups being smugped ita the county. ey Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate The UN is often involved in setdling border disputes between countries "home Verb +home Home +noun Verb +noun+home Preposition + home get home hhome address take 2 taxi home athome head home home cooking see (you) home away from home leave home home delivery send (you) home from home return home home town welcome (you) home _on the way home all home ‘own your home 1. Verb + home Complete the sentences withthe core form ofthe above verbs: I. He.....sscschome at the age of 18 and joined the army. 2. I think we should .........home now, before it gets too dark. 3. L might be able to go ~ It depends on what time | home from work 4. Some people want to their home, while others are quite happy to rent. 5. 1........-home once a week on my mobile o see how my parents are keeping. & We became increasingly worried when our daughter filed to ..........home 2. Home + noun Choose the correct collocation: |. When I went away to university I missed my mother’s home cooking / meals. 2. Please remember to write your home address / street at the top of the letter 3. The price of the dishwasher includes free home transport / delivery and installation, 4. When she dies, she wanes to be buried in her home city! town, 3. Verb + noun + home Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. The teacher ..........him home from school for bad behaviour, 2. One of my colleagues. me home safely after the party. 3. IF you miss che last bus, you can always. a taxi home, 4, Hundreds of fans went to the airport to ..........their team home, 4, Preposition + home ‘Motch the two halves: 1. My job involves alot of travel so I'm 2. There was nobody 3. | stopped at the supermarket 4. The internet makes it possible fon the way home from work. to work from home, at home when I called away from home for weeks at a time eee Notes 1, Note hese adjective collocation: ‘My ideal ome wuld hove an indoor swimming pool and it would ovelok the se, He's fom o broken home. His parents separated when he wes cnly four They spend the summer in their hold home in the French Abs, 2. Note the expressions home-grown’ and home-made’ We had homegrown vegetables and homemade breed for inch 2 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatobuilding Verb + building Adjective + building Noun + prep + building construct a building a derelict building appearance of a building demolish a building an empty building damage to the building convert a building 2 fine building entry to the building evacuate a building a high-rise building a floor of the building restore a building ‘the main building the tenants of a building «public building I. Verb + building Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Our company has the contract to design and the new parliament building, 2. This beautiful old building has been painstakingly ..........-to its former glory. 3, Within minutes of receiving the bomb threat, we had ...........the building. 4, There are plans to ‘eathe old school building into homes for the elderly. 5, Engineers say that the bullding is unsafe and chat it will ave to be .. 2. Adjective + building Notes Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1, Our footsteps echoed through the buliding, 2. New York has . buildings everywhere, 3. On the day of the King’s funeral, fags flew at half mast on all buildings. 4, Many homeless people end up sleeping rough in parks and .........- buildings. 5. My department isnt in the town centre, but the building of the university is Fightin the middle of town. 6, Prague is a beautiful city with lots of buildings. "Its nothing but igh se 3. Noun + preposition + building buildings everywhere!” Complete the sentences with the above nouns lL 2 3 4 5 . to the building has been estimated at £60,000 . By law, there has to be a fire exit on each of the building. ‘The burglars gained to the building through the back door. All the ......+.+-0f the building are unhappy about the increase in rents “The interior of the hotel has been extensively renovated, but the outward .. of the building hasn't changed for over 100 years, |. Note how we say we like a building: ‘eis on atvacive bulling with beouful gardens. The cat it an pressive bung witht igh was and huge gate The Blve Mosque in Istanbul isa truly magricen bling. 2. A tisted building is one which cannot be changed without permission from the government eis usualy an important buldng because ofits history oF design. ey Words for Fuenoy ~ Intermediate 13accommodation and rent Verb + accommodation Adjective + accommodation Verb + rent find accommodation free accommodation afford the rent provide accommodation _ furnished accommodation. owe rent live in accommodation self-catering accommodation _pay the rent guarantee accommodation temporary accommodation put up the rent withhold the rent I. Verb + accommodation Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. We help new employees to suitable accommodation in the city. Most find something they lke within a week or two. 2. Students are .........--a¢commodation in the halls of residence for their first year Were lucky we have plenty of student flats and rooms. 3 les. small hotel bue ie can accommodation for up to thirty people. 4, My Uncle Paul is disabled and ...........In sheltered accommodation, where there Is a warden on call to provide help if needed. 2. Adjective + accommodation Complete the sentences with the obove adjectives: 1. The council is using the local schoo! hall accommodation for the families made homeless by the recent floods. 2. Wee in ..........accommodation, so well be doing all our own cooking, 3. The flat had a bed and a chair! That's not what I call accommodation! 4. In return for ‘accommodation and food, tidy the house and look after the two kids while the parents are at work. 3. Verb + rent Notes 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs ht a slightly higher rent than the other tenants in the fat because my room is the biggest. 2. The landlord wants to .......++++ Up the rent by £25 a month, but 'm refusing to pay any more. Were ...........the rent until the landlord agrees to ge the central heating fixed We need a bigger house for our large family but we can't the rent. . The landlord is threatening to eviet the tenants if they don’t pay the rent they -by the end of the week |. Note these expressions with ‘xcommodation’ There's a shortage of lack of cheap rented accommodation for students in London 2. Note these expressions with rent Since Ising my jo, Ive len behind withthe ren (nt able to pay The rents due one month in advance. (pay fer the month ahead) ‘Mos of my salary goes on rat Ive very lide left fr food and entertainment havea spare oom to let at a monty rent of E55, Whats the rent onthe house? ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediateSection 2 The environment environment pollution, fumes, waste and rubbish earthquake and flood storm damage Now, Carol don't yu think youre taking this @ bic 00 far?” ey Words for Fluency —Intormodiato 17 18 19 20environment Verb + environment Noun + prep +... respect the environment a hostile environment damage to the environment harm the environment a male environment effect on the environment pollute the environment 2 pleasant environment a threat to the environment protect the environment a safe environment in harmony with the a stress-free environment the destruction of the .. |. Verb + environment Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 2 3 4 Many of the town's factories continue to the environment. The local rivers have all been ruined by the chemicals from some of them. I always try to buy eco-friendly products chat don't ‘the environment. ‘The government hopes to teach children to ...........the environment through ew projects in schools. ‘Acid rain produced by factories is killing trees across the country. The government must introduce new policies to the environment. 2. Adjective + environment We use ‘envionment 'to describe the conditions that we learn and work in. Complete the sentences withthe above adjectives: I 2 2 4 . My office i quite bright and spacious I's a.........., Working environment. Unlike some people, actually like coming to work! No working environment is entirely There are always pressures. ‘As a deep-sea diver | have to work in a dangerous and environment. | work in a predominantly .. environment. t'm the only woman in the office! Employers should provide ‘working environment for their employees so that accidents are avoided as far as possible, 3. Noun + preposition + environment Complete these sentences with the above nouns: Notes 2 3 Many chemicals used in industry have a damaging ‘on the environment. Some of them take a very long time to disappear. ‘Overpopulation is probably the greatest ...........to the environment today. Ie’s important that tourism develops in with the environment. Every day large areas of forest disappear to make paper for newspapers. Few of us take the time to think about this large scale ...........of the environment. We are causing serious ...........£0 the environmen by using up the Earth's [An environmentalist’ s someone who wants to protec the environment. ‘The Green Party i a poltial organisation whose main aim fe to procect the environment. Greenpeace le an international organisation which organises protert around the world to protect the environment. ‘We tlk about environmentally sriendly products! ‘Key Words for Fuency — Intermediatepollution, fumes, waste and rubbish Verb + pollution Verb+fumes Verb + waste Verb + rubbish reduce pollution inhale fumes ‘create waste clear up rubbish pollution destroys fumes pour out dispose of waste collect rubbish, pollution threatens be overcome by dump waste pick up rubbish pollution rises fumes. recycle waste reeycle rubbish I. Verb + pollution Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Most cars now have 2 catalytic converter to help ........... pollution. 2. Air pollution has ‘to unacceptable levels in some areas of the city 3. Scientists have warned that pollution is the ozone layer, 4, Pollution from the oil tanker is ..........fish farms all along the coast. 2. Verb + fumes 3, Verb + waste Complete these sentences with the above verbs I. Thick black exhaust fumes were ‘out of the back of the old bus. 2. Three firemen needed hospital treatment ater poisonous fumes. 3. Annumber of workers were : by toxic fumes from the burning factory and had to be carried out of the building by firefighters Complete these sentences with the above verbs |. We have a compost bin which we use to ‘our household waste, 2. The company was fined for Untreated industrial waste into the river 3. We use too much packaging on food. He vccescseessa lot of unnecessary waste 4, Is there a safe way to .. of nuclear waste? “You should've seen the black exhaust fumes pouring out of the bus!” 4, Verb + rubbish Note Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs 1. The rubbish is...........0n Mondays, but | put the bin out on Sunday night. 2. Who's responsible for ........-.-up the rubbish after the carnival? 3 Please tp your rubbish when you leave, and put i into the bins. 4, Why not your household rubbish instead of throwing it away? Note these expressions The government lay down srct guideline forthe dsposlof hazardous west There shouldbe an international ban on the dumping of radioactive wost at sea ‘After the match the stadium was litered wih ubbish ey Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 7earthquake and flood Verb + earthquake Flood + verb Flood + noun predict an earthquake floods cause damage flood damage survive an earthquake floods cut the area off flood victim set off an earthquake floods hie the area flood warning withstand an earthquake floods sweep things away flood water earthquakes hit earthquakes devastate earthquakes shake buildings I. Verb + earthquake Complete these sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs |. Most of the tall buildings in Tokyo have been designed to earthquakes. les always the older buildings which sustain the most damage, 2. Armajor earthquake will probably Los Angeles within the next 50 years. 3. In the future, scientists hope to become more accurate in ......... earthquakes But persuading people co leave their homes is another matter! 4. Achuge earthquake, measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale,..........the whole region ‘There are only a few buildings lee standing in the whole area. 5. The earthquake many buildings inthe area, but the tremors were not powerful enough to cause any of them to collapse. 6. Few buildings ..........the earthquake intact. Most suffered damage of some kind or other. 7. There are fears that the slight tremors we have experienced in recent months may off a fullscale earthquake, 2. Flood + verb ‘Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The floods have .........-off a number of villages inthe area. Rescue services are using boats to get food and drinking water through to the flood victims. 2. The region was .........-by a series of flash floods. There was no time to issue flood warnings and hundreds were drowned as 2 result. 3. Heavy floods have away homes and roads in the south of Bangladesh, Villagers will have to wait until the flood waters recede before they can return. 4, These severe floods have ‘widespread destruction. Ill be months before the flood damage is cleared up. [Now underfine the flood + noun expressions inthe sentences. Notes I. Note these expressions with ‘earthquake! The west coast of America is prone to earthquakes. (Rely tobe affected by them) Its an earthquake prone region Hundreds of people were buried alve inthe earthquake, Paces ike Naples and Los Angles are in earthquake zones 2. Note these expressions with flood’ People hing in lowing areas were evacuated to higher ground becoute ofthe flood ‘After the catastrophic floods the government deloed state of emergency. ‘The floods have let thousands of people homes. 8 Key Words for Fluancy ~ Intermediatestorm | Verb + storm ‘Common expressions storms break badly damaged in a storm storms strike blown down in a storm storms destroy blown off in a storm storms rage struck by lightning in @ storm | storms die down wrecked in a storm | bbe caught in a storm uprooted in a storm | sleep through a storm | I.Verb + storm Complete these sentences with the correct frm af the above verbs: |. Hundreds of people were made homeless when severe storms e..........the cast coast of America. 2. Aviolent storm ........../USt as we reached the beach, and we had to run for shelter. 3. Aterrible storm ...........for two whole days. We couldn't leave our hotel tll ichad down. It was terrifying! 4. The old church was completely .........-in the great storm of 1954. Complete the verb phrases with the corect preposition 5, We were caught ......a heavy storm on the way home lastnight. 6. I'don't know how you managed to sleep ......the thunderstorm, 2. Common expressions Notes ‘Match the haves: |. Two ships were driven onto rocks and 2. Anumber of roofs were 1. One of the town's oldest buildings was badly 1. Thousands of trees were Several people were struck by lightning blown off during the violent storms. during yesterday's electrical storm. uprooted in the great storm. ‘wrecked in the storm. damaged in the storm. “Thousands of trees were uprooted inthe storm." 1. Note these expressions with storm’ We took sheker from the storm n a bus sheer The storm lef 10,000 homes without power o water. The storm caused widespread damoge lew the worst storm in ving memory 2 Note this expression ‘was the storm ofthe century! Nobody hes seen anything Bk it 3. ‘Tewas a storm in a tencup’ means there was 2 lot of argument, or worry about something unimporeant. Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 8damage Verb + damage Noun + of + damage cause damage the cost of the damage insure against damage the extent of the damage prevent damage a risk of damage suffer damage signs of damage repair damage (€200) worth of damage 1. Verb + damage Complete these sentences with the correct form ofthe obove verbs: 1, Please help us to .........-.damage to the forest by keeping to the paths 2. The storm damage to property estimated at £100 milion. 3. Your house doesnt seem to have ‘much damage in the gales. 4. All our household products are "+ againse theft and accidental damage. 5. [ell eost about £50,000 to the damage caused by the fie. 2. How much damage? ‘Mark the sentences (LOT) i they mean a lot of damage, and (LIT) for litle damage: |. The voleanic eruption caused considerable damage to buildings. It wil take millions of dollars to repair them. ‘When the river floods, it causes extensive damage to the surrounding villages. le was a relatively small earthquake. It caused only minor damage to buildings. Fortunately, there were no injuries, and the damage to my car was minimal. ‘The oll spill has killed fish and caused incalculable damage to the coastline. ‘The house only suffered superficial damage from the high winds. Only a few slates ‘were missing from the roof 7. If we don't reduce pollution, we will cause serious damage to the environment. 3. Noun + of + damage Notes Complete these sentences with the above nouns: |. Storms cause thousands of pounds' ...........0f damage to property every year 2. Ie was difficult to appreciate the full of the damage at the time. lt was not until the morning after that the sheer scale of the damage could be seen. 3. The lof the damage caused by the oll spill will be around £200 milion 4, Although we hie a rock, there were no obvious ‘of damage to the boat. 5. Unless we can lower the levels of air pollution, there isa serious ...........0f damage to some of the old buildings and monuments in the city centre, |. Note the adjectives we use to describe damage that can't be repaired Ife cont stop the ol leaking from ce tanker, rreparable damage wil be done tothe coestine Deforestation has caused treersble damoge to the sl. Nothing wil ever grow in ag The smal amount of toxc chemicals in these fish can cause permanent bran daroge in children 2. Note this expression: Dont worry No damage has been done. 3. Note that in 3-2extent of the damage” andscale ofthe damage’ are similar in meaning Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediateSection 3 The natural world weather heat and temperature air light fire water noise and silence “Typical” Key Words for Fueney — Intermedisto 22 23 24 25 26 27 28weather | Verb + weather Adjective + weather Noun + prep + weather the weather changes (Coiling) hot weather the best of the weather || the weather holds (bitterly) cold weather a break in the weather the cold weather sets in dry weather a pleasant spell of weather dress for the weather wet weather a sudden change in the the weather turns hot or glorious weather weather cold Unpredictable weather |. Verb + weather Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Youre not properly .........+.for this sort of weather: Put a coat ont 2. Ifthe fine weather ..........-Untl the weekend, we'll go camping. 3. After a cool bright day. the weather warm and thundery lat night. 4. There's a chillin the alr. Ie looks lke the weather is ...........for the worse. 5. Well need to paint the outside of the house before the cold weather 2. Adjective + weather Complete these sentences with the above adjectives: I. les 35°C today. We don't usually have such boiling weather in Britain, but the summers have become warmer in recent years. . Bring plenty of warm clothes with you. In January the weather is bitterly . Be careful. he path down to the beach can be quite slippery in .. weather. Exceptionally weather over the past year has led to a shortage of water, My parents had two weeks of ............weather, but it rained all the time here. Scotland is a beautiful counery, but it has notoriously -- weather It can be pouring with rain one minute and brillant sunshine the next! 3. Noun + preposition + weather Match the two halves: |. A lot of us were caught out by the sudden change in weather les been an unusually long period of dry and settled weather. I think we got the best of the weather in the north today ‘We're hoping for 2 break in the weather. London certainly seems to have got the worst of the weather, with rain al day Few of us had bothered to bring an umbrella We won't be able to take the boat out if chis wind continues ‘We haven't had such a pleasant spell of weather for along time. anee Notes 1. Note these expressions: ‘After o good stare we ron ito some bad weather and had to travel mere slow ‘Well have your bithdoy party ausside, weather permicing (f the weather stable) He goes out joging in all wether. even when is raring snowing et) 2 The weather forecast isa statement of what the weather is Healy to be: The weather forecast sai would rain all day tomorrow. 2 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatetemperature and heat Verb+ temperature Adjective + temperature Verb + heat control the temperature the average temperature escape from the heat take somebody’. a constant temperature feel the heat the ..rises / increases high temperature generate heat the .. falls! drops freezing temperatures lose heat ‘temperatures reach 40°C withstand heat |. Verb + temperature Complete these sentences with the correct form ofthe above vers |. The temperature will drop sharply tonight. it is expected to ...........t0 minus 10 2. Tomorrow the temperature will steadily to 2 maximum of about 22°C. 3. When | was in hospital,a nurse . iy temperature every two hours. 4, In some areas temperatures ean ...........40°C in the summer. 5. You can ‘he temperature in this room by adjusting the thermostat on the radiators. 2. Adjective + temperature Complete these sentences with the above adjectives: |. vssseeessse temperatures have turned the lake into a skating rink 2. The art gallery's heating system maintains a............emperature to protect the paintings. 3, Make sure you heat the food to a ...........temperature to kill any harmful bacter'a. 4, Whats the ......-+.-.temperature in Calro in July? 3. Verb + heat Notes Complete the sentences below withthe correct form of the above verbs: 1. could .....+.2++-the heat of the sun on my back as I walked through the park. 2. Rubbing your hands together will..........-heat and keep them warm. 3. Houses +118 Tot of heat through their windows. 4. In summer, we leave the city for the seaside to from the oppressive heat. 5. The Space Shuttle uses special tiles to help it... ‘the extreme heat of re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere. pm |. Note the following expressions with ‘temperature’ Red wine is best served ot rom temperature. Temperatures soared into the 40s. (hn hada it wok me afew days to get used to the change in tempore. 2. Note the adjectives we use to describe extreme heat: The bonfire gave outa fierce heat and | had to move avay. The freighters were driven back by the intense heat of the burning eae 3. Note the following ways of describing high temperatures: ‘Only tourists are sly enough to wonder about inthe heat ofthe day? 1 don't know how they manage t workin this het without “Oh, nurse | ust love it when ‘i cendioning. you take my temperature” Key Words for Fluency — Intermediate aair Verb + air Adjective + air Preposition + air need air cold air by air pollute the air fresh air into the air breathe air thin air through the air gasp for air polluted air on air UE alr into a tyre stale air sail alr I. Verb + air Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the above verbs: 1m going outside for a moment ~ I feel alittle sick. ...........Some air, ‘After two minutes under water, he came to the surface,..........for ai. ‘The quality of the air we i not as good as it was a hundred years ago. You should ‘some air into your tyres ~ they look flat to me. Smokers the air for other people, and that’s why | think smoking should be banned in public places such as restaurants and pubs. 2. Adjective + air 3. Preposition + air 2 Complete these sentences with the above odjectves: |. Tes stufy in here, We need some air, 50 let's open the windows. 2. We often go into the countryside to escape from the al of the city 3. At high altitudes itis dificult to breathe because of the air 4. The windows had been shut all week, so the air was rather .. 5. Nothing moved in the ........+--air-There wasn't a breath of wind. 6 Hele an icy blast of air against my legs when she opened the door. ‘Match the halves: “The delighted fans threw their hats high I 2. Love to watch birds fying 3. Our goods are sent all over Europe 4. This programme first went a. through the air, b. by air . on air 20 years ago. on radio or TV) 4. into the air, LL Note the following expressions: For a week afer the fre a the re tad oti ber fede “We ew ur ait the a” ‘She seems to have vanished int thin aI can’ find her anywhere The ar was thick wth smoke Amost everbody inthe bar wae smoking. 2. The expression “open ac’ means outside: The farmers market shld inthe open ar nthe town centre. ouside) Wie ate in an open-air restaurant / swam in an open-air ool! went to an eper-cir concert Key Words for Fivency ~ Intermediatelight Verb light Adjective + light Noun + of ¢ light Expressions with set light arcifcial ight fash of ight prepositions | need light poor light a glimmer of light up tothe light levin the light a brighe ight asource of ight by the light of Block out the light a soft ight in my ight light fades the fading light 1. Verb + light Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: 1. pulled the binds down to ‘out the light so I could watch television. 2. 1m afraid isa north-facing room, s0i€ doesnt... +++. much light. 3. Put the plant near a window. It a lot of ight 4. Lopened the Curtains £0 .......-..-in the light 5. The light was -.........0r 40 We had £0 stop playing. le was effcult to see the bal 2. Adjective + light Choose the correct collocation: 1. The light was so bright / sharp that | had to cover my eyes with my hands, 2. Modern farmers use both natural and artificial / unnatural light to grow tomatoes — especially in the winter. 3. The harsh light emiteed by fuorescent tubes hurts my eyes. much prefer the milder / softer light of alight bulb. 4. Reading in litle / poor light can strain your eyes, and could even damage them. 5. Ie was dificult to read the signposts in the disappearing / fading light. 3. Noun + of + light Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. A tiny window was the only ........--.of light in the prison cell 2. We saw a ....+..+--0f light n the distance, and hoped it was our hotel. 3. A witness said there was a blinding ...........0f light, followed by an explosion, 4, Expressions with prepositions ‘Match the halves: 1. When I'm camping Hike to read a. up to the light to see iit was genuine. 2. Move to the side ~ youre in my light ». by the light of a candle. 3. The shop assistant held the bank note c. and I can't see what I'm doing. Note Note these expressions ‘When we lf the buldng we were momentarly binded ty the sunlight Ugh from the street lamps outside wos shining through 2 small opin the cuts. The igh reflecting off the surface ofthe water dazzled me, and | had to put on my sunglasses There’ light coming from under the door so somebody must be in. The ight woen't good enough to tae photographs. In the fating lt | coud just make out the gure of John in rant of me In summer, the days are very lng in Scandina, es ight al night nthe fr north, Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermedito coyI. Verb + fire fire Verb + fire Fire + verb Fire + noun starea fire 2 fire burns a fie alarm light a fire 2 fire goes out a fie il put outa fire 2 fire breaks out a fire escape cause a fre 2 ire destroys 2 fie extinguisher | fhe a fre 2 fie spreads a fire risk | catch fire | Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. The car fire inthe crash, but the driver managed to get out safely. 2, Police believe that the fire at the castle was. «by an electreal faut. 3. 50 firemen ...........the fire at the factory. Ie took 3 hours to « out. 4, les very cold in here. Shall | . 5. We are treating the fire as suspicious. We believe ie was deliberately. the fire? “Where the fire extinguisher?” 2. Fire + verb ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The cinema was .........--by fire. he whole building was completely gutced. 2 Fire ‘out during the night, but all the hotel guests managed to escape. 3. The fire swept through the museum, then rapidly co adjoining buildings. 4. When we arrived at the hotel, coal fire was brightly in the Freplace. 5, Remember to put some logs on the fire. Don't let the fire cout! 3. Fire + noun Notes 28 Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. Smouldering cigarettes are dangerous and are a wellknown fire... 2. When you hear the fire ...........,make for the nearest exit, 3. We climbed out of the window and used the fire ...........t0 leave the building. 4 5. ‘The kitchen is on fire! Where's the fire --........? ‘We have regular fire ...........80 staff know how to leave the building safely. | Nowa hat ar fo detrb sombody who ws oc cag. was wee irs tio dri ating efor conc We aoa fo debe cong te inp or par ve nti eo i oof fin bt 2. Now hat we ak abut lr is olan res eve gt once fc nse on ihe he mich et Sarat Pr sa ri Th mu een ne open ay more nae rhe Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatewater Verb + water Adjective + water Noun + of + water boil water fresh water a drop of water drink water mineral water a shortage of water pour water boiling water 2 supply of water spill water drinking water fill with water water flows float on water water drips splash with water ‘wade through water 1. Verb + water Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: 1. You'l get dehydrated quickly in this heat, ifyou don't .......... lots of water. 2. Make sure you ...........the water before adding the pasta to the pot. 3. laccidentally knocked the glass over and water all over my book. 4. Alter washing the dishes, he ......-.--the dirty water down the sink. 5. There's water. ‘onto the floor. There must be a leak ina pipe somewhere. 6 Ina central heating system, hot water from the boiler, through the pipes to the radiators. 2. Adjective + water Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 2. While making tea he dropped a kettle of... 1. Bacteria in water is a major cause of disease in poor countries. ‘water and scalded his leg. 3. The water was dirty, so we drained the pond and filled it with water 4. Would you like some ......-....water? Stl or sparkling? 3, Verb + preposition + water ‘Complete the sentences with the above prepositions: 1. | thought the box would float water but it sank to the bottom of the pond. 2. The fisherman waded ‘the water to reach his boat 3. I splashed my face ........cold water in order to wake myself up. 4, Dilute the juice ........ plenty of water. 5. The policeman dived fully clothed the water to rescue the drowning boy. 6. He filed the basin ........hot water and washed himself with a cloth. 4, Noun + of + water ‘Match the two halves: |. Nuclear power stations are usually siuated near a. a shortage of drinking water. 2. We drank bottled water when there was b. a drop of water in my whisky. 3. Valways have . 2 good supply of water. Note these expressions Wter bois ata temperature of 100°C ad freezes ata temperature of O°C Wter gushed ou of the broken pipe and flooded the road Due tothe long spel of dry weather water supple are dangerously low, ey Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate anoise and silence Verb + noise Adjective + noise Adjective + silence make a noise an awul noise complete / total silence sleep through noise a deafening noise along silence shut out noise a funny noise a stunned silence can't stand the noise a piercing noise an awkward silence background noise ‘a squeaking noise I. Verb + noise Complete the sentences with the correct farm of the above verbs: |. Keep the noise down. I can't work when youre ..........-80 much noise, 2. I eried unsuccessfully to ...........0ut the noise of the roadworks outside my house. In the end, had to turn up my hi-fi to drown it out. 3. Veam’t....+...--the noise of a door banging. It drives me up the wal, 4. I just don't know how the baby manages to ........--. through all that noise. 2, Adjective + noise Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. The engine's making a ..........-noise.| need to get the garage to look at it. ve got a feeling is going to cost me a lot of money! 2. The noise of the disco was | had a headache after an hour. 3. I can't make out what he's saying on the tape. There's too much noise. 4. One wheel on the trolley is making a horrible noise. It needs some oil 5. Will you stop that noise this instant! | can't hear myself think 6. The fire alarm gave out a noise which made me jump out of my skin, 3. Adjective + silence Notes 28 Choose the correct collocation |. After eight months 2 letter arrived from her daughter, ending her big / long silence. 2. I wasn't relaxed, so our conversation was full of awkward / awful silences. 3. When they told us we had won a million pounds in the prize draw, we just sat there in surprised I stunned silence. We just couldn't believe it 4, Uve been getting nuisance phone calls recent. Every time I answer the phone there is complete / ful silence. Nobody speaks, but | know someone is there. |. Note these expressions with ‘noise’ We had to shout above the noise ofthe traf to hear eoch other. les absolutly impossible to work wih allthis noise going on! {rm avery ight sleeper The sites noise wakes me up. Wee finding dfcut ro gt used to the coston nie of he taf 2. Note the kind of things we doin silence’ They dove home in silence (they di’ talk) If youre not happy, you should complain. Don jus sufi silence. 3. Its quite common nowadays to ‘observe a minute’ silence’ as 2 mark of respect after some terrible disaster Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 4 Work job career staff and duty qualification and interview skill training wage, salary and pay “Miss Ramsbottom, m sure your dog was the best-behaved fn ts class four years cunning, but it’s your quaiffeatons I'm interested in!” key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 30 31 32 33 & 36job Verb + job Adjective + job Noun + preposition + job |. apply fora job a challenging job the perks of the job | seta job a boring ob the pressures of the job hold down a job 2 rewarding job ‘qualifications for the job look for a job a responsible job Jose your job a stressful job 1. Verb + job ‘Complete the sentences withthe corect form ofthe above verbs 1 1. Max had beter be careful. he's late 2 for work again, he might ........---his job. j e 2. Wve been .....-.+s..f0r a job for 3 months, but | haven't had much success so far. en 3. We .-sssce--0-f0e a job with a company in Berlin. Tremaine Ci, \ 4. Brian let after only a week. He never manages & yi: yl 10 oo eeeeess down a job for long. ey 5. finaly a temporary job, washing dishes in a hotel, but it's only for a month ie compe port ut tS co) very stresfl jo.” 2. Adjective + job ‘Choose the correct collocation: |. I don't think doctors are paid enough for doing such a high / responsible job. 2. Pilots are well-paid, but i's a very stressful / nervous job. rather have my health 3. Helping sick people is very satisfying. For me, its a very rewarding / thankful job. 4. My job is so routine that | hate it Filing papers all day is such a boring / flat job. 5. The job isn't dificult / challenging enough for me ~ I want something more creative 3. Noun + preposition + job Notes 30 Complete the sentences with the above nouns: I. 1 got five free fights a year: Its one of the of the job. 2. Wall, there's no doube that you've got the right {or the job, but your lack of experience might count against you. 3. He resigned when he realised that the of the job were making hit il |. We talk about ullsime' and part-time’ jobs, "emporary’ and ‘permanent jobs: While sudying ot universiy | abe had a parttime jb no supermarket. ‘Nter years of temporary employment he landed a permanent job with « local newspaper. 2. Note the diffrent verbs that we use to describe jobs: What exacty des the job entai? Does tivo alot of paperwork? 3. Note the way we describe the qualies needed for a jb: Thi fb requires good mental skis ‘The jb demands good eyesight ond high eel of concentration, 4. Note these job + noun phrases Lats of people cre more interested in jb sotsfaction than in earning high solaris ‘Theres hardy any jb secur in acing. You are only employed for short pends of time, Key Words for Fluency — intermodiatecareer Verb + career Adjective + career Noun + preposition + career | begin a career a brillant career a change of career | choose a career a promising career 2 turning point in your career pursue a career a worthwhile career your choice of career | further your career the height / pinnacle of your career || wreck your career the greatest performance of your .. 1. Verb + career Complete the sentences withthe comet form ofthe above verbs: |. This scandal has his career as a politician. I's now in ruins. 2. He's the owner of a chain of hotels. but he ...........his career as a porter. 3. Getting more qualifications is probably the best way to . your career. 4. I think money is 2 big factor for most people when it comes £0 ...........a €areer. 5. | graduate from university soon and Im hoping to a career in business. 2. Adjective + career Complete the sentences below withthe above adjectives: [. She considers teaching a ........-.-€areer Ie is very satisfying to feel that you are helping people to develop. 2. He had a.......-...€areer in politics, becoming Prime Minster at the young age of 46. 3. He had a ........++.€areer ahead of him in football until a knee injury put him out of the game at the age of 21 3, Noun + preposition + career ‘Match the two hates She is now the managing director of the organisation ‘At 50 he fle like a change of career. Parents should advise and support their children in their choice of career. ‘Ava concert infront of 40,000 people, Moving to a new company marked a turning point in my career. vases Gabrielle gave the greatest performance of her career so far So he gave up his job as a lawyer and went into teaching. ''m much happier in my new job. However, its important that they don't try to influence their choice. ‘Ac the age of only thirty, she has reached the helght of her career Notes 1. Note the following career + verb collocations Her singing career took off afer her oppearance on the Chris Evans Show (become succesful) George Mackay ployed more thon 700 games na coreer spanning 20 years 2 Note these expressions: ‘Mot working women manage to succesfull combine family fe with 0 coeer. ‘She wons to get chead in er career. She's eager to climb the career ladder. 3. Nowe these two ways of saying the same thing Have you ever thought of teaching os a carer | a career in teaching? Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 3tstaff and duty Verb + staff Noun + prep + staff Verb + duty ‘employ staf the dedication of the staff carry out your duties recruit cake on staff a member of staff fallin your duties train staff the turnover of staff report for duty lay off staff vacancies for staff be suspended from duty your duties include (casks) Verb + staff Choose the correct collecation: |, Because of falling orders, the company has been forced to decrease / lay off staf. ‘Ac least 50 will have to go. 2, All our sales staff are educated / trained to handle dificult customers. 3. Our embassy in Paris employs / uses around twenty full-time staf. 4. Uhear the bank is recruiting / starting staff at the moment. I believe they are taking ‘on about a hundred people. 2. Noun + preposition + staff Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. There are always plenty of for staff in bars and hotels. 2. This project has been a great success, chanks to the ..........-of the staf. fd lke to thank you for all che hard work you've put into i 3. There isa high .......-..-Of staff in the catering trade. Most restaurants find it dificult to hold on to staff 4, The police suspect that a.........-.0f staff tipped off the thieves who stole the computers las night. 3. Verb + duty Notes 22 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. You should for duty at seven o'elock on Monday morning. 2. She isa hard-working employee who ... ut all her duties conscientiously. 3. The police officer has been ...........from duty until the claims of corruption against him have been investigated. 4. Your duties will ‘opening and answering the mail every morning. 5. The social worker is accused of ...........in her professional duties and she is facing dismissal asa result. |. Note these adjective collocation with staf ‘The compony has large warkforce of permanent and temporary staff ur hardworking and dedicated staff provide can excellent serce to our customers. We only have o skeleton sof over the Chrisumas period so service il be slower than usu 2. Note these expressions with uty What time are you on cy! off duty? (when do yu stort work {when do you fish work) Firefighters worked above and Beyond the cal of duty during the dose. Two pale offcers were led inthe line of duty (whe dong thei jo) Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatequalification and interview Verb + qualification Verb + interview have a qualifcation be invited to an interview {get / obtain a qualification have an interview study for a qualification dread the interview ‘courses lead to a qualification prepare for the interview Adjective + qualification eld an interview an academic qualification Expressions with interview a further qualfcation ‘make a good impression at the interview a recognised qualification don't do yourself justice at the interview come across badly at the interview |. Verb + qualification Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 2 3 4 2. Adjective ‘The course 10 a professional qualifcation in business administration. Sadly, some children leave without single qualification, You'll never get a good job if you don't any qualifications for further qualifications is one way of getting promotion. + qualification Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: For employers, practical experience is as important as. qualifications 2. You must have a university degree or a... qualification of equal status. 3 Some graduates go on to take ...........qualfcations ~ e.g.a master’s degree. 3. Verb + interview Complete these sentences withthe above verbs: hte. a lot of job interviews since | graduated, but not one job offer yet. 2 Candidates who are successful in the written test willbe ..........t0 an interview. 3. The best way t0 ..........fOr an interview isto find out al you can about the job 4. Incerviews willbe in London next week. 5.1m ry interview later today. 'm already a bundle of nerves. 4. Expressions with interview ‘Match the hoes |. He made a good impression at the interview. a. He never looked at them! 2. He came across very badly in the interview. b. They want to interview him again. 3. He didn’t do himself ustce inthe interview. —c. They offered him a job straightaway! Notes |, Note chat‘quaifiatlon’is often followed by ‘in She has quafcaions in mathemati and chemistry. 2. Note these expressions with interview: Intl interviews wil be conducted by telephone ‘They gove me a realy hord time ot he interview. My whole future riding on this interview. 1 Blew my chances of geting the jo by arring late for the iterview. ‘Key Words for Floncy ~ Intermediate askill Verb + skill Adjective + skill Noun + of + skill learn a skill basic skills use of your skills hhand down sls ‘communication skills test of your skis i | cose sks ‘computer skis degree of skill update your skills practical skils equip someone with skills social skills |. Verb + skill Choose the correct collocation: |. The aim of the examination is to investigate / test your problem-solving skills. 2. The company is looking for staff who are willing to learn / train new skills 3. This weekend refresher course is designed for staf wishing to lift / update their computer skills 4. These traditional skills have been given / handed down from generation to generation, 5. The introductory course aims to equip / educate students with good study skis 2. Adjective + skill Complete the sentences below withthe above adjectives: 1. In schools, all children are taughe the ........... ils of reading, writing and arithmetic. 2. At present, there is a shortage of people with skills like joinery and bricklaying. 3. To be an effective teacher, you must have good .........--skils 4, Nowadays, you need basic skills for most office jobs. 5. The job involves organising and attending receptions and conferences. Were looking for someone with good Skills ~ the sort of person who is equally at home talking to a duchess or a refuse collector. 3. Noun + of + skill Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. Keeping control of the car on the ice was a real ........-.f my skill as a driver 2. Brain operations are complicated and the surgeon needs a high --of sl, 3. Nurses used to complain that they are given menial tasks to do, which made litle of their professional skills. Notes 1. Note the verbs we use to describe the shi needed to do something Ie takes great silt buld one ofthese tny machines. The job requires | demands | cals for great ski and an eye for deta 2. Note the following prepositional phrases: He performed the tos with great sil ‘She has excellent | no sks map easing 3. Note chese expressions The stff development programme provides oppertuntes for you to acquire new ski ‘A good manager equres o numberof high specled sil These evercies wil develop the students’ speoking and Istenng ski. 34 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatetraining 1. Verb + training Verb + training Adjective + training complete your traning basie traning provide train formal training receive training incensive training require training proper taining regular training ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. We ........2:-ondine training and support in the use ofall our software packages. 2. Please note that operation of this equipment special training 3. All employees ofthis bank ...........specal training in dealing with armed robbers. 4. Although my sister has .......... her medical training, she has no intention of becoming a doctor, What a waste of time, effort and money! 2. Adjective + training Notes Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: |. All new recruits undergo six weeks’ .........tralning at the army camp. 2. No one must operate this machine without ‘raining. 3. His paintings sell for thousands of pounds, but he’ had no raining as an artist. He's completely self-taught. 4. As technology changes so quickly these days, itis essential that all employees. receive... training. 5, Last year I took a course in learning how to fly,and after a period of three months’ training, | qualified asa pilot 7H never forget my basic traning!” |. Note the prepotitions that follow ‘traning We received training in several diferent teaching methods. Well need t provide traning forthe new members of ff 2. Note that ‘in-service traning’ straining that you do while you have ajo. The college runs ¢ numberof academic courses and ako provides inservice winng fr secretaries, chefs and mechanis, 3, Note thete noun expressions: All our adore hove completed o comprehensive twining programme Training sezsions wil beheld on Mondays at Sar {have to goon o training course to learn new sles techniques The shop open late on Mond for sof traning ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Itormodiatewage, salary and pay wining reject a pay offer ‘axis deducted from your aqalify for sick pay | pay: the money you get for doing your job, paid as a weekly wage or as a salary ‘wage: usually paid weekly — the pay of manual workers salary: usually paid monthly ~ the pay of non-manual workers I. Verb + wage / salary Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. She a good salary, but nothing compared to what her boss gets. 2. Most of my wages ‘on the rent and bills. 3. He lost his job so they have to ..........-0n one wage now. 4. In the UK, tax is automatically ...........from your salary 5, Angry teachers are ......+.+«higher salaries and better conditions. 2. Wage or salary? Choose woge or salary |. The government plans to raise the minimum wage / salary from £4.50 to £5 per hour. 2, He was offered a six figure wage / salary to move to a rival company. 3. The owner of the restaurant only pays the walters a weekly wage / salary of £90. 4, He earns a good wage / salary as a doctor, but not as much as a consultant gets. 5, My wage / salary goes directy into the bank on the last Wednesday of each month. 6. The basic wage / salary is low, 0 I'll have to do overtime to make enough money. 3. Common expressions with pay Notes 26 Only pay is possible in these sentences. Match the halves: |. Nurses have been awarded 2. 25% pay cut 2. Asa temporary employee I don't qualify for b. equal pay for the same work. 3. Men and women should receive 2 5% pay rise, 4. The unions have rejected sick pay. 5. Women employees get 18 weeks’ maternity leave. the latest pay offer, 6. In order to save the company, the staff accepted _f. on full pay. |. Note the expression ‘on my wage / salary / pay’ How can they possibly support thei familes on such alow woge/ salary? 1 can't offrd to ran a car on my wage ! salary! pay 2. Note the following expressions: ‘She asked fr an advance on her soar so tht she could poy her medica il (et paid ear) ‘There are two wage eames in our fay so we ve quite comfertaby. Whats the poy ! Slory fke? What are the wages ke? 3. A ving wages one which provides enough for your basic needs Teaching no lnger pays a ving wage and Ihave to give Private lessons to get by. Key Words for Fluency — IntermediateSection 5 Travel trip holiday flight delay and destination passenger passport and visa luggage and fare “Traveling ght!” ey Words for Fluency — Intermediatetrip 1. Verb + trip Verb + trip Adjective + trip Noun + of + erip | ford a trip a free trip the highlight of the trip cancel a trip a good trip the length of the trip goon a trip a long trip a souvenir of the wip plan a trip 2 round trip the cost ofthe trip make a trip 2 trip abroad / overseas ruin a trip Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs |. You need your parents’ permission if you wane to on the schoo! trip 2 A friend is going to lend me the money. Otherwise, | couldnt the ep. 3. Unfortunately the trips been called of twas «+. v+.++-+-due 0 lack of interest. 4, Ive vevvvvsssnathe same trip by car so often, could doit wth my eyes shut. 5. Our camping trip was .......... No,it was a disaster from start to finish. 4. | have to go to Oxford and back. Its about a 60-mile ‘rip. 5. I'm planning my first trip I'm off to Greece in the summer. 3. Noun + of + trip Notes 38 Complete the sentences withthe above noun phrases: 1. The of our trip to India was the visit to the Taj Mahal. 2. The full of the trip, including insurance, will be around £600. 3. Ihave a piece of volcanic rock as a ‘of my trip to Mount Vesuvius. 4. 'm not very happy with the ‘of the trp. think two weeks is long enough! 1. Note the ep + verb collocatons: The trip cost £1,200 ond inated four fights tos included an overnight tay in Singapore. 2. We name trips according to how we travel: Its only @ 30-minute bus tp. Do you faney gong on a boat trip thi ofternoon? (oF according t the purpose of che wip: «afin! camping ! shopping / sightseeing! business tip. 3A day eps when you go somewhere and come back onthe same day. ‘Averip of a lifetime's the kind of trip most of us can only dream about 4. Note these expressions: Thanks for posing that eter for me ~ it saved me a wp. 1 could have spared myself an unnecessary trip by phoning to see ifthe Rbrary wos open. 5. Note that‘trip’ refers to traveling somewhere, staying there and traveling back. whereas ‘Journey’ refers ony to traveling in one direction ‘key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediateholiday Verb + holiday Adjective + holiday Holiday + noun book 2 holiday 1 package holiday a holiday brochure cancel your holiday «a public holiday a holiday job enjoy your holiday a relaxing holiday a holiday resort spend a holiday a paid holiday a holiday weekend take a holiday 1 dream holiday ruin your holiday I. Verb + holiday Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: LL They always their summer holidays in the Canary Islands 2 Our holiday was by bad weather trained nearly every day. 3. The boss works all the time. He never, a holiday. 4. Wel, your holiday. hope you have a great time 5. Hdon'....+.+++ my holiday till the ast minute, in the hope of getting a bargain. 6. Always take out holiday insurance in case you have to wilt 2. Adjective + holiday 3. Holiday Notes Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. All permanent staff are entited to four weeks’ holiday each year. 2. Uspent a........-sholiday on the beach, reading and sunbathing. 3. A cruise round the world on a luxury liner would be my .........--holiday. 4. The Ist of May is now a .....+.+..-holiday in many countries. 5. We went on a cheap holiday to Majorca, + noun “g° ‘Match the two halves: took a holiday job es a holiday weekend, Rimini is a popular holiday resort We plan our summer holidays in December fon the Adriatic coast. >. $0 the roads will be crowded with holiday trafic. by looking through all the holiday brochures. 1 as a waiter when | was a student “tee only @ hoy ob” aoge see |. Note the mulword verbs inthe following sencences 1m afd Me Sith ' away on holiday url the end ofthe week. Can I help you? (ur holiday fell though a the lst minute because the travel company went bankrupt. Give me ating when you get back fom haldoy. We had to cut short our hlday Because Richard became i 2. Note that we name holidays according to when we hive chem: the Christmas / summer hakdys and ecordng te the ap thoy in! ig wai oh. 3. A'bank holly! s when shops, businesses, and banks are cloted. (US Engl: rational holiday) Key Words fr Fluency ~ Intermediate 39flight Verb + flight Adjective + flight Noun + prep + flight catch a fight a bumpy fight arrival of the flight miss a fight 2 connecting fight Cancellation of the fight flights are called a direct fight the duration of the fight | flights are delayed a long-haul fight final | last call for the fight fights are diverted a scheduled flight fon standby for 2 fight flights are cancelled 2 smooth fight fights get into airports ashore fight 1. Verb + flight ‘Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: |. We checked out of our hotel at 6am in order to ..........-the early flight to Paris. 2. When your flight is «please make your way to the departure lounge. 3. The fight leaves from Rome at 2pm and ........-..into Boston at éprn local time, 4. Unfortunately, our fight to Minorea was We took off 4 hours late 5. Geea move ont We need to hurry or we'll ‘our fight. 6. All fights from Newcastle have been due to heavy snow. Meanwhile all Newcastle-bound fights are being to Edinburgh. 2. Adjective + flight Choose the correct collocation: |, Te never been on a long-haul / long-distance fight before. I've only flown in Europe. 2, There's no direct / straight fight to Geneva, but you can fly to Luton and catch 2 joining / connecting fight from there. 3. Ie’ only a small / short flight from London to Paris. 4. Charter flights are generally much cheaper than scheduled / timetabled fights. 5. There was a lot of turbulence, so we had a pretty bumpy / shaky fight. It wasn’t quite as level / smooth as we had expected. 3. Noun + preposition + flight Notes 40 Complete the sentences with the above nouns: LL This is the final ..........for fight EJI21 to Geneva. Passengers are requested not to smoke for the ..........of the fight. Air France apologises for the lace of this fight He was put on ......+...for the fight to New York because it was fully-booked. British Airways regret to announce the ..........f fight BAQ33 to London, |. ‘Domestic ighs' are within a country international fights’ are between countries: The numberof international gts hos increased dramaticay in recent yeas There sno night ertertinment on our domes fights. 2. Note these expressions: The Austin airne, Qantas, operctes regu fights tothe For East. Brtiah Aways offers nonstop flights frm London to Singopore ‘Many people suffer from jeclog oer long fights Fight T232 wo Cate i now boarding ot Gte 15. Key Words for Fluency ~ intormodiatodelay and destination Verb +delay Noun + prep + delay Adjective + destination | apologise fora delay apologies forthe delay an exotic destination | | oid a dely a series of delays your intended destination expecta delay aly for the delay 2 new destination cause delays the reason fr the delay 2 popular destination face delays the top destination |. Verb + delay Complete the sentences wth the correct form ofthe above verbs: |. Roadworks are causing heavy congestion in the city centre, so long delays can be 2. Air passengers long delays this weekend due to the strike by air trafic controllers. 3. We... for the delay in getting your luggage to you, and for any inconvenience this may have caused, 4, The accident has «. some delays in a, train services in and out of York 3. eee ce int delys Zk, 2. Noun + preposition + delay a5 ¢| 4 Cpe oerennarwnnectoerons CIS Wa }Y) |. What's the . for the delay? We've been standing here for over 3 hours. 2. We would like to offer our for ZZ “1Bhoursis not the slight delay co your fight today. sige dele 3. Aer a cof delays, we finally reached our hotel two days late. 4, The airline accepts no ......----ofor delays caused by bad weather: 3. Adjective + destination Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Spain is stil the most .........-holiday destination for the British 2 At customs, you'll be asked your ...........destination and how long you plan to stay 3. Machu Pichu isthe . tourist destination in Peru. 4. Virgin Airlines are adding ........... destinations to their world-wide network. 5, Effight.com offer tickets to ...........destinations like Bali at great prices. Notes I. Note the verbs in ths sentence: ‘According tothe programme, we should reach I arive ot! get 0 our destination about midday. 2. Note the fllowing expressions with ‘delay My tan should ge imo eight clock, there are no unexpected elas Ie shoud take me abou an hour to get there, allwing for tafe delays Fighs are subject to delay because of bad weather Unnecessary delays are caused by pastengers not appearing when ther fights are called, Key Words for Fluency — Intermediate “passenger Passenger + verb Adjective + passenger Common expressions passengers travel ‘an angry passenger Passengers are: passengers board (planes) a drunken passenger required to passengers can be stranded a business class passenger asked to passengers can be killed nervous passenger requested to passengers proceed to _a terrified passenger reminded that gates I. Passenger + verb ‘Complete the sentences withthe correct form ofthe above verbs |. Flight LK 03 is now boarding Will passengers please ......-...-t0 gate 34 2. Passengers ...........the ferry at Jam and disembark at Zeebrugge at Spm. 3. Many passengers fying into London are .........0n to other destinations 4. The driver and all four passengers were outright in the accident. 5. Thousands of passengers were ..........-at Ory Airport last night following a lightning strike by air traffic controllers. 2. Adjective + passenger Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. An .....+.. passenger demanded to know why his flight had been overbooked. 2. The cabin crew smile frequent to reassure passengers that all is well 3 passengers held onto their seats as the plane hit some severe turbulence. 4. Economy class passengers are packed in like sardines at the back of the plane, while the passengers at the front have fully reclining seats and lots of legroom. 5. The cabin crew are trained to restrain passengers who become violent. 3. Common expressions Notes 2 ‘Match the two halves: 1, Passengers are reminded that 2. Due to increased security measures, passengers are asked to 3. Once the plane has landed, passengers are requested to 4, To avoid delays, passengers are required to arrive at least two hours before their flight. remain seated until the plane has come to a complete standstil. smoking is not permitted on this aircraft at any time. show their boarding passes as they enter the plane. |. Note the verbs we use to describe taking passengers somewhere The ship cares both freight ond passengers between Hong Kong and Singapore The highspeed ral nk tonsperts er passengers tothe cty cert in just 20 minutes, Pesengers wee fered tothe slnd in smal boas. 2. Note the verbs we use with taxis and buses: The taxi pcked up a passenger outside the hotel and dropped him (off) atthe azpore The but stopped to let o passenger off Pessengers must not get 00 or off he bus while iis moving. Koy Words for Fluency ~ intormodiatopassport and visa ‘Verb + passport Adjective + passport Verb + visa renew your passport a forged passport apply for a visa show your passport anew passport extend your visa surrender your passport a valid passport need a visa stamp a passport obtain a visa steal a passport overstay your visa ‘a passport expires refuse somebody a visa a visa can expire 1. Verb + passport Complete the sentences withthe correct form ofthe above verbs 1 2 3 4 s My passport ‘this month. have to Ie before my holiday. You don't have to ‘your passport at the border: We'e all in the EU. If your passport is lost or vinform your embassy immediately He had t0 .....+...--his passport to the police to prevent him leaving the country The immigration official ...........my passport and handed it back to me. 2. Adjective + passport Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1 2 3 ‘Travellers are reminded chat for a holiday abroad they need a passport, need t0 get a......+-++.passport — my old one’s expired During the raid on the house, the police found drugs and ........++. passports. 3. Verb + visa ‘Match the two halves: Notes 1 2 3 4 5. 6 1. because my visa expires then. {need to stay longer in the UK to finish my seudies ‘There are long delays in obtaining visas to the region, have to leave the country by the end of June If you overstay your visa, you will be deported. He was refused an entry visa to the US You don't need a visa because of his criminal record s0 apply early to Visit Japan for a stay of under six months. so | will need to extend my visa You should make arrangements to have your “1 overstayed my vis, so they deported me.They were really visa renewed before ie runs out. ie about it!” [Note the following passport + noun collocatons: You wil need to provide a passport photo for your membership cord What a nightmare! took ur nearly two hours to get trough passport contro Note these expressions with visa entered the country ona tours visa! on a study vs. eis vad for sx months You won't be alowed to enter Tibet without a vsa, Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate aluggage and fare Verb + luggage ‘Adjective + fare Expressions with fares | maprignge ——thacacrire faerie! merase feo fare yoortppge a farere tp those up | | ove your eee ile fares are ct reduced! | | weigh your luggage half-fare slashed toon npes aren re search hen | 1. Verb + luggage Caples the sentences wth he comet fom ofthe above ver 1 Pease yourhand gage ad mak sure its not more ha kg 2. They wore fvaus when they learned thatthe aie fad r= tho ERS 3. erty machines are wed a alpors to -r--ugag for weapon and bombs 4 Thing ten go misig-t0 we avon recone Yous YOU MAES 5. When fying mae sure yours -your pgs youre © Acustico log rus 2. Adjective + fare Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. You'll have to pay the ...........fare. There’ no concessionary fare for students. 2. The .....+++---fare depends on when you are coming back. 3. There's a fare of £1 on all buses. You can go anywhere for chat price, 4 5. Children travel... con all our trains. Please have the fare ready when you enter the bus. No change is given. 3. Expressions with fares ‘Match the hoes: |. Starting next month, taxi fares a, by a massive 50%. 2. Bus fares are to rise by an average of 10 per cent _b. willbe going up. 3. Allot more people would use public transport. because of increased fuel costs. 4, Air fares to the US have been slashed 4. shot up by 30% in the last year. 5. Due to increased running costs train fares have e. if fares were cut. Notes 1, Note these expressions: Pico do nt love your hggoge unattended nly oe piece of and lggoge maybe taken om the arf [Athan gage mst be stoned under te sean fot orn the othe lockers. 2. We uee"baggge’ rather than Tugage’ i hese expressions You have t oy era f you exceed your bggogealowance. Excess boggoge scorged othe rt of £20 pr lo. fogeoe rela the place ton apart where you calect our gore ofr ih. 2. Note these verb + fre colocatins: 1 sve on fares by waking to wrk That rector ore necest0ry order ot people ying to dodge fre 44 ey Words for Fluency — IntermodlatoSection 6 Traffic traffic street route and map accident injury “Oh, were you the one who gave me a porking tcket Tost week? Pn terribly sory | did't reakse!” ‘Key Words for Fiyency ~ Intermodiate 46 47 48 49 50traffic | Verb + traffic Noun + prep + traffic Traffic + noun direct traffic a break in the traffic traffic congestion divert eraffc a build-up of trafic traffic accident hold up traffic the noise of traffic a traffic jam reduce traffic a queue of traffic a traffic warden ‘raffle builds up the volume of trafic traffic thins out |. Verb + traffic Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Trafle will be ..........-through side streets while the road is being resurfaced, 2. Traffic on the motorway was ...........up for three hours by a serious accident. 3. A policeman with white gloves was traffic from the middle of the road. 4. The town council is examining ways of traffic in the city. One extreme proposal is to close the city centre to all trafic except buses and taxis 5. The usual pattern on weekdays is that trafic...........Up during the late afternoon and begins to out after 7pm. 2. Noun + preposition + traffic Complete the sentences with the above nouns: LL The roads are quiet now. but there isa steady ...........of trafic in the evening. 2. We waited ages for a............in the traffic so that we could cross the road, 3. We need new motorways to cope with the increased of traffie on our roads. 4, There was a long ........-+-0f trafic waiting to turn right at the lights. 5. Our house is on a main road, so we are always aware of che constant of wraffc. 3. Traffic + noun Notes ‘Match the two halves: |. Twenty people died 2. There are plans to relieve 3. When I got back to my car 4. Twas stuck in «a wraffic warden was putting a ticket on it. a traffic jam for over an hour yesterday. In trafic accidents in the first month of this year. traffic congestion in the city centre, LL Note these adjective collocations: For your own softy, aways walk facing oncoming tfc on country roads. you leove before 4pm, you should manage to avoid the rh hour tof We've had an awful journey ~ there was heavy trafic al the way. The off was quite ight 50 we got though Leeds quicker thon we expected 2. Note these expressions: The haiday trafic heoding fer th coast hs ground toa hal on the M4, Police are reporting tailback of upto ten miles, 3. Note these other types of trafic ‘i ofc has increased 50% in the last fe years Rol tfc wos severely csropted by lost nights heavy snowstorms. ‘Koy Words for Fluency — Intermediatestreet Verb + street Adjective + street Common expressions clean up the streets a crowded street begin the street patrol the streets a deserted street __ live n the same street wander through the streets the High Street come up to you in the street cross over the street ‘one-way street stop someone in the street 0 down the street aside street bbump into her in the street parade through the streets |. Verb + street Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Thousands of tourists through the streets of Rome every day . I's a very secure area because the police the streets night and day. Well hve to «. over to the other side of the street to get to the market. Thousands of soldiers .. ‘through the streets to celebrate the end of the war. down the High Street and turn left. The post office is on your let. ‘The local council has launched a campaign to ..........-up the city’s streets. 2. Adjective + street Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. My brother was fined for driving the wrong way down 3 street 2. At 3 in the morning the streets were .........+. There wasn't a soul to be seen. 3. Boots is a big company. There's a branch of the store in every .......... Street 4. Abomb went off in a street, killing 20 people and injuring many more. 5. We lefe the busy main street and found a quiet bar in one of the.......+... streets 3. Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves: |. He was reduced to begging in the street ). Strangers come up co us in the street and . | stopped someone in the street ‘We work in the same area AS kids, we used to live in to ask for directions >. in order to get something to eat. a . say how much they enjoy our television show. the same street. 0 we often bump into each other in the street. “He was reduced to begging in the stret!™ 1. Note these expressions In surnmer the streets of Brighton ore filed with tours. ‘Many ofthe streets ore ed with tl ees. 2. We use the verb ‘roam’ if we wane to suggest somebody is looking for eroubl ‘ter the match gang of footal heclgons roamed the streets loking fora fight. 3. The High Street'is the main shopping stroot inthe cantre ofa town, key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate a7route and map Adjective + route Verb + map an alternative route bring a map mark the route a direct route raw a map plan a route an escape route read a map people line a route popular route study a map a roundabout route maps show things a scenic route |. Verb + route Complete the sentences wth the correct form of the above verbs: |. Ie’ always a good idea to ...........your route before you leave. 2. Here, take this map. ve .....-....-the shortest route to the college in red. 3. Ud... -..2+1. the longer route via the bypass — i'l be quicker in the long run. 4. Crowds of well-wishers the route, waving flags as the Queen passed. 2. Adjective + route Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. We had plenty of time, so we took the ..........-route through the mountains and enjoyed the magnificent views. | don't know why it took us so long. | must have taken a really route Motorists are advised to find an . route during repairs to the bridge. Make sure you are aware of all the possible .. routes from the plane. 3. The coastal path between Dover and Hastings is 2 route for walkers There's some amazing wildlife. ‘The most... route from the house to the stadium is through the town centre. Ics shorter, but it isn't any quicker. 3. Verb + map Notes 8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Look! | can't ‘the map and drive at the same time! All members receive a detailed map all the major tourist attractions. Francis ‘a map on how to get to her house on the back of an envelope. ‘We forgot to “a map of the area, but ic doesn’t matter as | know the way. We the map carefully to see if we had enough time to reach the next hostel before it got dark. |. Note these expressions with route’ ve on a busy bus route 50 can get to work more quik ‘Accommodation won't be a problem. There are plenty of B&BS olong the route / en route We traveled by motorway to the match, but we returned home by o diferent route. 2 Note these expressions with ‘map’ Con you show me where you ive on this mop? The guide pointed out te Bes beaches onthe map. Ie noc on the mop! [Never go waking In these his without © map and compass ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediateaccident Verb + accident Adjective + accident Noun + of + accident avoid an accident. a freak accident. the cause of the accident cause an accident a fatal accident in the event of an accident have an accident ‘a minor accident the scene of the accident reduce accidents a serious accident a series of accidenes | witness an accident a tragic accident accidents happen |. Verb + accident ‘Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: |. This accident could have been .... If safety procedures had been followed 2. The campaign against drinking and driving has road accidents by 20%, 3. The police would like to hear from anyone who the accident. 4, Ive been driving for 30 years and I've never fan accident of any kind. 5. le was the kind of accident that could have ..........-t0 almost anyone. 6. les hard to say what the accident, but police think the driver fell asleep. 2. Adjective + accident ‘Match the two halves: |. There was only a million and one chance of this happening 9. Make sure you always check for head injuries, 3. Ifyou hadn't acted so quickly, ‘The boy drowned when he fell through the ice. ‘Three motorists died Te was such a tragic accident. even if its only a minor accident le was a freak accident. ina fatal accident late lastnight there could have been a serious accident. 3. Noun + of + accident "Twas breathalsed ot the Notes Complete the sentences with the above nouns: eee ceeae |. After two months experts are stil trying to establish the ...........of the accident. 2. In the ...........0F an accident, call this number ~ 01122 54637770. 3. After a.......+++.0f aceidents in the fog. the police warned drivers to slow down. 4, Both drivers were breathalysed at the .. of the accident. 1. Note these expressions: Coreles / recles drving wos to blame forthe acddent. I waked amey fom the acide without scratch eas an eciden wating t happen. (Uke to heppen) This junction a notorious accident back spot. 2 tof acldens have happened here) 2. Note the verbs we use to describe the effects of an accident Remarkably na one was seriously hurtin the accident. Twenty people died and over @ hundred were injured inthe accident ‘The accident left him paraheed frm the wat down I scared fo He !parbally bind ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intormodiate 491. Verb + injury Noun + of + injury ‘Common expressions | prevent injury the pain of an injury because of injury | eause an injury reports of injuries due to / owing to injury 1D suffer an injury the risk of injury ‘through injury recover from an injury a series of injuries as a result of injury be treated for injuries the full extent of the following injury ‘escape with only minor | injuries Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs 1. The people nearest the explosion horrific injuries from fying glas. 2. Always wear protective footwear on the site to .........- injuries to your feet. 3. Survivors of the plane crash were for injuries at local hospitals. 4. Arman died in the accident, but I was lucky to ‘with only minor injures, 5. His appalling injuries had been ...........by a blunt instrument such as a hammer. 6. She has now filly ..........ffom the horrendous injuries she received to her hands land hopes to return to her work as a secretary soon, 2. Noun + of + injury Complete the sentences withthe above nouns Unfortunately he’ had a of injuries since he joined the team. “The bomb exploded outside café, but there are no Cyclists are advised to wear helmets to reduce the of head injury Morphine is used by doctors to deaden the ..........-Of serious injuries. The ambulance is on its way to the hospital: We don't know the fll of the casuals injuries yet. but we don't believe they are life-threatening of serious injuries. 3. Common expressions: Note 50 ‘Match the halves: |. He had to give up his football career 2. The driver of the car died asa result of the injures she received, may never fight again following his injury. 3. The British boxer Ali Ahmed at che last minute chrough injury. 4. Henman won' be playing because of a crippling ankle injury 5. He had to pull out of the tournament —_¢. in today’s match due to a shoulder injury. [Now go through the exercises and notes, and find adjectives that describe serious injury b 4 1 Divs Bove 4 5 ‘and one adjective foram injury which in' serious: 6 Note the folowing expressions Don't try tif these books by youre You do yours an injury. There ste doubt tht a seat bolt would have prevented his injures ‘The murder vim had ied from mutiple nui and stob wounds A postmortem examination revealed that he had suffered vere internal nurs. Key Words for Fuency ~ IntermediateSection 7 Education education 52 course 53 lesson 54 practice and homework 55 exam and mark 56 "Can you explain, Smithers, how it is possible to gt no marks zero, nothing, zich ~ in your biology excmination? ‘That's quite an achievement!” Key Words fr Fluency —Intormediato steducation Verb + education Adjective + education Noun + preposition + getan education 1 good education education give you an education —_—_—higher education access to education invest in education nursery education ‘the aim of education return to education private education standard of education ay for your education religious education the right to education secondary education sex education I. Verb + education ‘Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: 2. Adjective + education |. My parents ........+-.me the best education that money could buy. 2, Parents must make sure that their children ...........8 proper education, 3. A growing number of adults are ..........-t0 full-time education, ‘4. We put some money aside every month to for our daughter's education. 5, The Prime Minister said that his government will continue to in education. ‘An extra £100 milion will be spent next year on school buildings. Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: |. There will be free .......-... education forall three-year-olds within five years. 2. Some people think that . education is unfair and that we should all have the same educational opportunities, 3. The number of students in ..........-education has doubled in the lat 10 years The government is now thinking of building several new universities. 4. Vm against education in schools. | think it should be done at home. 5. In the UK, most young people receive education in primary school. They learn the facts of life early. 6. Like most parents | just want my children to have a .........-- education. 7. The government wanes to make ........--. education compulsory up to the age of 18. 3. Noun + preposition + education Complete the sentences with the above nouns: Notes 52 |. The cuts in funding will have an effect on the . By law all children in the country have the ........+++t0 a free education, of education in schools. ‘One «...++..+++0f education must be co teach children to think for themselves +10 higher education has improved, with more students now at university In the UK a public school is a private or fe-paying school. Government schools, where ‘education ir free, are called ‘state’ schools. Education fe compulsory in the UK between the ages of Sand 16. “Further education’ is for adults who have lft schook The classes are usually ata college and not ata universigy. Special education’ is provided for children who have physial problems or learning diffcutes. Note these expressions The new government has announced is educaton poly | an increase in spending on education Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatecourse Verb + course Adjective + course Noun + prep + course doa course a crash course completion of a course complete a course a demanding course a guide to a course drop out of a course fan introductory course a place on a course schools run courses an online course the entry requirements for ‘courses consist of (lectures). vocational course a course courses deal with (subjects) |. Verb + course Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: This language school s+. English courses for complete beginners ‘Older people are returning to schoo! to . ‘courses in using computers. IfyOu ........+-the course successfully, you will be awarded a certificate. ‘The course .....----.-with the fundamentals of car maintenance. les a dffcule course. 50% of the students usually ..........-out within 3 weeks. ‘The course ..........-OF a series of lectures with a written exam at the end. 2. Adjective + course Choose the correct collocation: |. le was a very tough and heavy / demanding course, but we managed to complete it. 2. I'm going to Japan to work soon, so I'm taking a crash / fast course in Japanese. 3. | studied are, But most of my friends did vacation / vocational courses, lke nursing. 4. The college runs on-ine / internet courses where a lot of the teaching is done through the internet and e-mail. 5. The introductory / primary course is for those people who have no knowledge or experience of teaching. 3. Noun + preposition + course Notes Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. Make sure you full the entry .......+.+.for the course before you send off che application form. 2. Lhave a conditional offer of a .........+.00 a nursing course. | have to pass all my ‘exams this year to be accepted on the course. 3. Our website provides a comprehensive .. 10 courses at UK universities 4, Students are given a certificate on successful ..........-of the course. 1. Note the verbs we ute to describe taking 2 course: ‘Atta of 48 students enraled for /sgned up forthe course in phtoerpty 2, Note the verbs we use to describe the aims of a course: This coureef designed to ge students o grounding in cor maintenance This couree prepares gradiates for careers inthe tours indus. 2. "‘Undergraduate’and postgraduate courses are taken at univers 1m doing a three-year undergraduate couse in computing at Leeds University 4. (A‘crah course’ teaches you alot about a particular subject ina short period of time. 5. Note this expression 1 wos fered 1 withdraw fom the course ue tithes 5 Key Words for Fusncy ~ intermedialesson Verb + lesson Preposition + lesson Noun + of + lesson fave lessons Aon about something the ana of te mson | | aoe Aeston with someone "the pon ofa eon | prepare leon daring lesion the fear ofthe feeson begin! wareateson ina Dine eason the man points ofthe sre lesons leon | Ssh your leone 1. Verb + lesson Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Teachers’ salaries are very low,so I'm private lessons at weekends. The teacher is terrible. | don't think he ..........-his lessons carefully enough. | got into trouble when my father found out that | had been «lessons. My English teacher always ..........-his lessons with a warm-up exercise. 5. My brother is decermined to be an actor so he's lessons in drama, 3. I was off school for 5 weeks, so have quite a few lessons €0..--...-++.Up With 2. Preposition + lesson Complete te flowing sentences with the oboveprepesvons: 1. We've got a lesson ..........Mr Humphreys this afternoon, 2. You can't expect to learn everything about computing ..........2 one-hour lesson. 3, The lesson was ..........the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. 4, No talking is allowed ...........the lesson, 3. Lesson or class Put a line through a word if is not possible and try to think ofa reason why i isn't: |. I'm having driving classes / lessons from my uncle. 2. The school runs evening lessons / classes throughout the year 3. I think Jack is going to need some private classes / lessons if hes going to have any chance of passing A level maths! 4. The teacher dismissed the lesson / class early because she had a meeting, 4, Noun + of + lesson Notes ‘Match the halves: |. The teacher started by going over the main 2. the point ofthis lesson! 2. just don't see b. at the stare of the lesson. 3. Ie always takes the students a while to settle down _c. to get the students talking. 4. The main aim of my lesson was 4. points of yesterday's lesson, 1. Note these expressions: ‘Wi spent the whole lesson copying from the blackboard! loking out ofthe window. | hope these lessons wil mprove my pronunciation J my communication sil 2. you are very angry with someone, the folowing expression can be useful 1m going to teach him a lesan! Somebody needs to teach Dave a lesson in how tobe pote to customers! Key Words for Flusncy ~ Intermediatepractice and homework Verb + practice Expressions with practice Verb + homework need practice Ie cakes (years) of practic. ive homework have practice be out of practice get some homework improve with practice It’ just a question of practice. do your homework learn through practice Practice makes perfect. correct homework ‘come with practice hhand in your homework | aie you practice help you with your 1. Verb + practice Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: cae eee ee eee ane at raat reper i a ese a cays asses are ae Bis aise cacnas Heese cscs neg uaieaee 4 Dont wcmn tour gc wil th pase Sle ri be nrc et Par tee het See we sae ease ate nace 2. Expressions with practice aay Mache hes . eer egg Ee 2 ey ate ay Ronde et alpacas wish 4. you want to learn ply the plano S7\ ‘a. Driving’ just a question of practice, b. itl take years of practice «Speak as much as you can. Practice makes perfect. 4. but Ima bie out of practice. : . 3. Verb + homework Tes usta queston of procice, Wogan” Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. You can’t watch TV until youve ........--.all your homework. 2. He never manages to ......++--»ih his homework on time. 3. You more homework at secondary school than at primary school. 4, The English teacher ...........the whole class extra homework for misbehaving. 5. My brother used to ...........me with my homework, but he's gone to university. 6, Our teacher ‘our homework during the lunch hour, then gave it back to us. t Notes Note these expressions {rm afraid he con't come out ust now Hes busy with his homework Wi do you aways leave your homework tthe very lst moment? 2. Aan assignment isan individual place of work that a student has to do: | stayed up lat let right to complete a clas assignment Thi fo realy tough assignment. 3. We can use assignment and plece of work’ in these sentences Do you actualy fo the couse iyeu don't hand in apiece of work? Tee had on for every assignment Ive done ths year Key Words for Fluency ~ Intormealate 55exam and mark ‘Yerb + exam Verb + mark revise for an exam get a mark sitan exam lose marks mark an exam give a mark pass/fail an exam deduct marks scrape through an exam Adjective + mark Expressions with exam your final mark. make a mess of an exam full marks pass an exam with flying colours a good mark a really stiff / hard exam ‘alow mark How did you do in your exams? ‘the top mark Verb + exam 1 2 3 4 5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: | spent the whole weekend for my final exams. I didn't go out once. Do we have to fan exam at the end of the course? She's exceptionally bright and she all her exams easily | almost filed the exam. | just managed to ...........through with 51%. I don't know what grade I got because the teacher hasn't ...........OUF exam yet. 2. Expressions with exam ‘Match the halves: |. How did you do in your exams? a. [think he got nearly 100%, 2. I made a complete mess of the exam. b. I don’ think many of us wil pass. 3. He passed the exam with fying colours. _¢. I mucked the whole thing up. 4 Ie was a really stiff exam, 4. Badly | ailed three of them. 3. Verb + mark Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: L 2 3 4. 1m hoping to ...........a good mark in the exam tomorrow. Please remember that marks will be for bad spelling. ‘The teacher ...........the highest mark to Mandy. She would've got 100%, but she four marks for poor handwriting. 4. Adjective + mark Complete the sentences below withthe above adjectives: Notes 5 I 2. 3. 4 5. L 2 He did no revision for the maths exam, but he stil got a .........-.mark, Nobody got ..........marks in the spelling test, but | got nearly all the answers right. Harry scored the mark in the English test. Hes always first in the class Project work accounts for 50% of your mark for this course. you get ‘marks in the test, youll have to take the test again. ‘At school atest Is often something ess formal than an exam, eg reading est. [Note this expression with mark You have to give him fol marks for trying. (He didn’ succeed, but tried very hard) ‘Key Words for Fuoney ~ IntermediateSection 8 Sport and fitness sport team game race, competition and match victory defeat prize strength energy and exercise re “Nota fr march” Key Words for Fluency ~ intormodiatosport | Verb + sport Adjective + sport Sports + noun watch spores a contact sport 2 sports centre playa spore 2 dangerous sport spores coverage tala up spore 2 indoor sport sports equpmnent hate spore 2 popular spore sports events 2 spectator sport spores fetes a team spore |. Verb + sport Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: 1, Do you .......+..-any other sports besides tennis and golf? 2. LesseessseeeSport when I was at school. | just couldn't do anything well 3. You're not getting enough exercise. Why don't you .........+-Up a sport? 4. | prefer sport to taking part 2. Adjective + sport Choose the correct collocation: Baseball is a common / popular sport in Japan. ‘There's a high risk of injury with contact / touch sports like rugby. Motor racing isan exciting but highly dangerous / unsafe sport. ‘Squash is an indoor / inside sport. 5. Basketball s a spectator / viewer sport, but fishing isn’t. Who would pay money to watch somebody fish! 6. The Olympic Games include group / team sports like football and hockey, and individual ones such as the discus and the javelin, 3. Sports + noun Notes cy Complete the sentences with the above nour: Sports [work in a large sports .....2....++ «'m a swimming instructor. a are often sponsored by big companies ike Nike and Adidas. 2 3. Our sports shop stocks a wide range of sports ..........and sportswear 4 B Sports .........+-in the local newspaper is good. ‘The couneil is hoping to find extra money to improve sports for youngsters living in innercity areas. 1. Note these expressions: The schoo skeen tino more young people in spore I bebe that king animals for spores moraly rong. and shouldbe banned, 2. Note these noun + preposition + sport expressions: ‘My husband is spre fone, bu Fm of! dosha is ve of sport. ‘My brother is very thet He seems to havea natural lee for sport. 3, Note these expressions “Benning boing woud nly drve the sport underround (people would dt iegaly) “olf sa sport with 0 very clean image (payers donot behave body or tok dros) 4. Sing and ie-skacng are refered to a8 winter sports, but we dont tak about ‘summer sport Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediateteam Verb + team Team #verb Adjective + team Team + noun payhh/foravam tarmecdsbrce theveining an” tam eort, i ome erase seanle =. tana akepeth asoogiam cemmee | Sedroppedttoma competion "tame areeenh-tcamapre | sm poor fc ort Verb collocations Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Smith «in the first team for eight years. and captained it for two years. 2. He's been picked for the Olympics. t's the third time he's the team. 3. He wasn't playing very well, so the manager ... him from the team, 4. Which football team do you - 2 5. 6 7. Sixteen teams will part, but only four wil go through to the second round My team in the final ~ they were easily beaten, The team their victory by opening bottles of champagne. 2. Adjective + team Complete the sentences withthe above adjectives: |, We have a.......+-+.team and therefore a good chance of winning the game. 2. Some of the players from the ‘am were in tears atthe end of the game 3. The two teams are evenly-. | think ies going to be a very close game. 4, The delighted supporters of the ...........team ran onto the pitch at the end of the match, 3. Team + noun Complete the sentences withthe above nouns: |. Hussain, the team . was injured in the game against Australia. 2. They've got real team .. ~a real desire to work together. 3. I much prefer to play team .........-lke football and basketball, 44, The goalkeeper apologised to his team ..........-for the mistake that lost them the game. 5. Ie was a real ccam Everyone contributed to the success of the event. Notes Note these expressions: He was a member ofthe Britsh Opi tom. Ferguson coached the team ther second league championship in thre years. 2. When a team plays in their own stadium, they are the home team’. The other team i the roca 3, We talk about teams in areas other than sport: ‘Medea teams ae traveling tothe disaster are to coe forthe wounded. Rescue teams ore stil working to free those topped in the colpsed bulng ‘Mr Jones wil be joing our sales tear as fom next Monday ‘A team of experts has been called into investigate the cause ofthe accident. 1m part ofa team of scientists imvohed in cancer research ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 59game Verb+game Adjective + game Noun + prep.+... Types of game abandon a game a clean game coverage of a a board game make up a game apphysical game the object of a... a card game play a game a tiring game preparation fora... a computer game win or lose a game a quick game the result ofa... a party game miss a game the rules of a a team game Verb + game ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. tes important that you - the game according to the rules. 2. If we sssessseeosthis game, were out of the championship. 3. Hes always Lup new language games for his students to play in clas, 4, Roberto Carlos is stil injured and will tonights game. 5. When the rain started we had to the game. 2. Adjective + game Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. There's time for a game of cards before the train leaves. 2. American football is a very game, so injuries are quite common. 3. le was a tough but game. There was no dirty play. A, Squash is a......-...-game which requires high levels of fitness and stamina, 3. Noun + preposition + game Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. The of the game is to get rid of all your cards before your opponent does 2. You can see live of the game against Sweden on Channel 2 3. The referee is the person who should know all the .... of the game. 4. With both teams playing well itis dificult eo predict the ...........of the game. 5, They've been training hard in ...........for tonight’ big game. 4. Types of game Complete the sentences with the tps of gome: 1 Dhated ..........:+.games ke football when I was at school 2 games like chess keep children amused when the weather is bad. 3. Musical Chairs is a well-known same. 4. Lwon £500 in a.....-...++.game, but lost it all at the roulette wheel. 5. The problem with. ‘games like Tetris is they can be highly addictive. [Note these expressions The gome ended in a drow. Computer games provide endless hours of fr. The gome ines throwing metal horse shoes at @ sce Roulete i a game of chance, whereas ches iso game of sil 1 can't seem to get the hang of ths game. (oe able to ply Dont cake i so serioush I’ just a gome! Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediaterace, competition and match Verb + race Noun + race Expressions with | wath are hore rave or bost ace competion Gieparcnarace 3 lodmrace dinoctout competion | fsa race Vero competiion around of competion vinorlowarace held/runa competion Expressions wich match ie eee ue Dede rama ace betnoad cet ofa otal atch | | competion ‘emis ech | 2 gfping mach competition: people compete against each other for a prize rac people or animals run, or drive faster than each other [ mate: ‘wo teams or individuals try to defeat each other |. Verb + race Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: |= Lewis is in top form. He has his lase 10 races. . Two British athletes had to .........from the race because of injury . More than 45 horses are expected to part in this year’s big race, |. Not all the participants are expected to ‘the race. Its over 35kms long, 5. Thousands of spectators tured up to the race, 5. He was from the race for using drugs and banned from all competitions 2. Verb + competition ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1 ‘our free competition and you could walk away with £500,000. 2. All the German veams were ‘out of the competition in the early stages. 3. A magazine is ‘8 competition to find Britain's most intelligent person. 3, Race, competition or match? (Only one choice is posible inthe following sentences. Circle the correct collocation: |. My team was eliminated in the second round of the race / competition / match. 2. Highlights of England's qualifying race / competition / match will be shown at 10.30 pm. 3. Tennis tournaments like Wimbledon are knockout races / competitions / matches 4. He spent all his money gambling on horse races / competitions / matches 5. The girls challenged us to a football race / competition / match. 6. [esa lO-kilometre race / competition / match from the harbour to the city centre. Notes 1, Note these expressions The race competion is open to anyone over the oge of siete. There's ony 0 week left unt the big ace J match 2. We also use ‘competition’ in talking about business and employment There's flere competion for jabs. There are too many peopl chasing to few jabs ‘There is now keen competition between univers to atroct overseas stident. We are facing sf intense competion fom foctoris inthe For East. In the face of strong competton from big supermarkets, many small shops oe going out of busines. Key Words for Fluency ~ Itermadiate 6victory Verb + victory Adjective + victory sweep to victory a dramatic victory | celebrate a victory a decisive victory lead (a ceam) to victory an easy Victory rob (someone) of victory a narrow victory a surprise victory well-earned victory 1. Verb + victory 2. Adjective + Notes e Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Champagne botes were opened asthe team thei impresve vetry cr lst ya's champions, 2. We wre wining buta couple of last-minute goal......0Ur eam of cerein victory nthe endl we lost 3-2 3. Bobby Moore ‘the English tear to victory inthe 1966 World Cup 4. The Socal Democrats to vitor inthe rant elections. They won by a huge margin ory Mach the habs ; dH \ |. Brazil reached the final of ¥ \S the championship He if : 2. Manchester United snatched fide rato /} ha ‘a dramatic vietory lial ae Owen's third goal aad . le was a surprisingly easy victory, ‘The newcomer pulled off a surprise victory le was a narrow victory, “A decisive 5-0 victory” against last year’s champion in the semi-final >. but that final goal secured our place in the final. given the fantastic reputation of the other ceam. secured a well-earned victory for England. over Bayern Munich in the closing seconds of the match. ‘with a decisive 5-0 victory over Italy. Bp ange aay |. Note the following adjective + preposition + victory expressions: ‘The team is now certain of vor. can't see them losing the match now. ‘The fons were jubilant at! over France's victory in the fa. We have prepared wel for the metch and are quiet confident of tory. 2 Note these ways of talking about winning easily Ie wos a prety comfortable victory The team dot have to work very hard. Scoland cruised to victory nthe second half ofthe match 3. Note these useful phrases: (ur new ployer should improve our chances of victory aginst Spurs in next week’s match The victory was sweet revenge for our defeat last seato, Key Words fr Fluency ~ intermodiatedefeat | Verb + defeat Adjective + defeat Noun + preposition + suffer a defeat heavy / crushing defeat defeat | accept defeat a humiliating defeat the jaws of defeat | avoid defeat a narrow defeat the possibility of defeat avenge a defeat ‘a shock defeat revenge for your defeat a string of defeats the disappointment of . Verb + defeat Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Borg defeat gracefully and shook hands with McEnroe. 2 In next week's match, the English hope to their defeat by Wales in the same competition this time last year 3. Without their best players the team ...........a heavy defeat in the cup final.The final score was 4-1 4, We narrowiy ......+...-defeat in the semifinal when the referee disallowed a French goal in the last minute of the game. 2. Adjective + defeat Choose the corect collation: |. Glasgow Rangers suffered a big / heavy defeat at che hands of their oldest rivals, Celtic They lost 5:1 2. The English team are stil trying to recover from their sudden / shock defeat by Monaco. 3. le was such a narrow / tight defeat. We lost the competition by just three peines! 4. The manager offered no excuses for his team’s shaming / humiliating defeat. 3. Noun + preposition + defeat Complete the sentences with the above nouns |. The Swedish team are seeking for their defeat in last year’s final 2. The manager refuses to entertain the lof defeat. He expects his players to win the match easily 3. We were losing, But our fans still hoped we could seize victory from the of defeat, 4. The recent of defeats has led to calls for the manager's resignation, 5. The team have clearly shrugged off the ..........-of last week's defeat. Notes 1. Note these expressions The team’s defeat in he first round of the competion come os a big shock to many of ts supporter. The humilging defeat by athe ivson team led tothe resignation ofthe manage. ‘The manager blared the referee for his teams defect inthe final 2. Note these useful expressions: | thought I could fc the rodo mse but Ive finaly had to adit defet (ve up trying todo something) Welt be back We aren't gong to take defeat hing down, won't accept it easy) Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate «prize Verb + prize accept a prize award a prize claim a prize presenta prize share a prize win a prize I. Verb + prize Complete the sentences wit the correct form ofthe above verbs: Adjective + prize Prize + noun first prize a prize draw the booby prize prize money a major / top prize prize winners 1 consolation prize a fabulous prize the Nobel Prize for |. Did you ‘a prize in the competition? 2. Mr Liu cant be here tonight, so his wife will be he prize on his behal. 3. There's more than one winner so the prize will have t© Be ......-sse++ = 4, The local Mayor will the prizes atthe school sports day 5. The winning numbers of the lottery were announced 2 week ago, but no one has yet stepped forward t0...........the £1 million prize. 6. The Hamilton prize is + very year to the student who has shown most progress in mathematics. 2. Adjective + prize Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: LL The roses | entered in the gardening show took ...........prize in the flower section. 2. At the Oscars, the film Gladiator carried off nearly all the .......--.- prizes 3. I was last in the competition, so | got the .......+...prize. 4. There are prizes to be won in this week's competition — luxury cars, Mediterranean cruises and many more. The in genetics. 3. Prize + noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: Notes |. The prize £300 goes to the winner, and five runners-up receive a Tshirt as a prize. Prize for Science was awarded to Dr Wilson for his outstanding work. ‘each receive a year’s free admission to the leisure centre. 2. Win a holiday for two in the Bahamas in our grand prize ' 3. The tennis tournament offers nearly £5 milion in prize 1. Note these expressions There are hundreds of prizes up for grab in our competion (tbe won) There are cash prizes of up to £500. 2. Note this common expression: There are no prizes for guesing who he staking to the dance. (ou can easly guess) 3. Inthe folowing sentences we use reward! and not prize’ ‘The soar rise was a ting reward fr ol his hard work You deserve a reward fer being 20 helpful Tak the rest of the doy of 1 go no reward for ol the extra hard work I id ‘You wi’ a prize bu you gee’ a reward ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatestrength Verb + strength Adjective + strength Noun + of + strength bulld up your strength full strength a feat of strength use your strength inner strength a lack of strength save your strength physical strength reserves of strength Underestimate (his) strength superhuman strength gather J recover your... superior strength |. Verb + strength Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: By .....ss+-svall of his strength he managed to move the heavy wardrobe. . He mighe be small, Bur don’: oc his strength, He's tougher than he looks. . He's on a special training programme to help him up his strength He's running slowly because he's his strength for the last 100 metres. 5. Vhad to sit down to iy strength before I felt able to continue. I think | should go to the doctor: | don't understand why I'm so short of breath these days 2. Adjective + strength 3. Noun + of + strength Notes Choose the best collocation: |. After an hour Sampras’ better / superior strength began to tell and he won the match quite comfortably. 2. The operation wil leave you feeling weak, but you should be back to full / top strength ina month or so. 3, Asterix is a cartoon character who gets his gigantic / superhuman strength from drinking a magic potion. 4, Ie’ not his body / physical strength that makes him such a great champion, but his inside / inner strength that separates him from the other players. Complete the sentences below with the nouns above: |. For a rugby player, he is quite small, but he uses speed to compensate for his of strength, 2. My grandfather was a circus strong man. He used to entertain people with his amazing ..........0f svrength 3. She called up her last .........--f strength in an effort to get to the top of the mountain. = |. Note these expressions ‘Don't underestimate Ie took all my svength to open the door. his strength” ei with ol my tenth 2. Note haw we describe finding the strength to do something 1m firing ful to curmen up the strength to do the housework. He wil ave tocol on oll strength fhe to Break Edward’ world record Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 65energy and exercise Verb + energy Adjective + exercise have energy light exercise save your energy regular exercise | ‘se up energy serenvous exercise | run out of energy warm-up exercises sive you energy Noun + of + exercise sap your energy lack of exercise | Noun + of + energy a form of exercise | 2 great deal of energy the effect of exercise a burst of energy a source of energy |. Verb + energy Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: |. Childran seem to|..........boundess energy.| don't know where they ge ic from! 2. You should go to the gym. You'l..........-up energy = AND youl lose weight! 3. Running up che step fill .....-ve--my energy and | had to stop for a rest 4 Tim not being lazy. 'm just ..........-y energy for later 5. Bananas ..........you lots of energy. | always earry two oF three in my bag 6. After ten kilometres | was ,......-----OU8 of energy fast and badly needed a rest 2. Noun + of + energy Complete the sentences wih the above nous |. Chocolate is a good .. of energy. 2. Bringing up a young family requires a great .. of energy. 3. With a sudden ++..0f energy. he ran up the stairs to the top floor, 3. Adjective + exercise Choose the correct collecaton: |. Avoid strong / strenuous exercise immediately after a meal. Wait at least an hour. 2. You can pull a muscle if you don’t do some gentle preparation / warm-up exercises. 3. | go jogging every day ~ the doctor told me that | needed constant / regular exercise 4. After my injury, | can do a bie of light / soft exercise such as walking, but | must avoid vigorous exercise such as running. 4. Noun + of + exer: ‘Match the halves: I, Lack of exercise a. read about the beneficial effects of exercise 2, Walking is probably . can lead to ill-health, 3. We've been keen cyclists since we ¢. the most popular form of exercise Notes "Energies means the interest and efor that we use to do things: She put threw channeled al of he energies inca her work and has no soil Hes result She devoted all er energies tothe care of her sick mother. 2. Swimming is considered the ‘bese allround exercise’ 6 Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 9 Health health illness disease and infection stress smoking and drugs (illegal) pain appointment, symptom and test treatment and cure operation and drug "I hink we’ better do some more tests” ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 74 erhealth Health + verb Health + noun ‘Common expressions look after your health ‘a health hazard bad for your health nurse back to health health reasons essential for good health your health improves a health risk harmful to your health your health deteriorates a health warning ddo wonders for your health your health causes concern the health service 1. Health + verb Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Myaune’s health rapidly last year and she died in December. 2. Remember to after your health, and it will look after you! 3. After his illness, his wife him back to health 4. My daughter's health has 1 lot since she stopped eating dairy products, 5. The President's health is. great concern. The doctors are not sure if he will survive the night 2. Health + noun ‘Match the two halves: | gave up smoking for In the 1980s, the British were not aware of the This counery has an excellent Increasing levels of pollution are becoming @ major ln most countries cigarette packets carry a health warning health service. health risks of eating meat. health reasons. health hazard, 3. Common expressions: Notes 6 Complete the sentences with a ward fram the above common expressions: 1. Smoking is for your health. So give up now! 2. Abigh ft diet is ‘to your health, so cut down on butter! 3. Vitamins and minerals are for good health 4, Did you know that keeping a pet can do for your health? fee a fact that people with cats and doge visit the doctor less often than those who don’t have pets |. Note the verbs we use to describe a loss of health: He was ie when I Tat sow hi, but since then his health has taken « ten for the wore. ‘My grandater os been aft man al his fe, but ot 96 his hea fling 2. Note the following ways of describing good health and bad health ‘A the age ofseventyhre she isi enjoying goed heath, My father is 91 and he's Blessed with excelent heath He's never The boby wes in perfect health and weighed 4.1 kiograms at bith He had been dogged by bad heath al his Ife He's never been wel He wanted t9 continue working but he was forced to resign because of i heath eis @ welenown fact that porerty and poor heath go hand i hand -My mother snow 88 and her heath i frgle 3. Note these noun + of + health expressions: Regular exercise can make 0 big dference to your state of heath After a series of ests and exominavons the doctors have given him @ clean bil of heath Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateVerb + illness Adjective + illness Noun + preposition ¢ illness have an achronicillness the cause ofan illness cause an illness a long illness the extent of an illness diagnose an illness serious illness a symptom of an illness suffer from an ilness a sudden illness a recurrence of an illness recover from an Ines (make) a full recovery from an illness |. Verb + illness ‘Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: |. One in four people will from some kind of mental illness at some point in their lives. ‘She's having some tests done to find out what's ...........-her illness. 3. There is no cure for diabetes, but the illness can be soe with insulin, |. My sister hasn'e fully from her illness. She's sil off work. Wve sssssesssscall the normal childhood illnesses ~ measles, mumps, chickenpox, etc. ‘They're having difficulty . ry illness. 'm having more tests next week. 2. Adjective + illness 3. Noun + preposition + illness Note ‘Match the halves: |. The night before the 100-metre final, Christie was struck down by a sudden illness. 2. Elvin Moon has died after a long illness. 3. TB used to be a really serious illness, 4. Older people with a chronic illness, ike arthritis 4. can easly become depressed and exhausted As a result he had to withdraw from the race \ «. He battled for years against throat cancer: 4, but now it ean be cured relatively easily Complete the sentences wit te above nuns io 1. Ac the moment. its imposible o say whether shell make 3 fl Pom her ies or ot 2. The doctors have attnbuted the cross -of her ines to an unknown vrs 3. A persistent cough one of he... fhe ns. 4. Hes ie now and e's back at work bu hes afraid ofa. of te ile 5. [think he Keeping the tru vos. i iles from me. know is fr more serious than he has told me. Note the following: “He missed tvee doy of work through ness. (Because he wos il} ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 69disease and infection | Verb + disease ‘Noun + preposition + disease contract / get a disease ‘an outbreak ofa disease suffer from / have a disease the spread of a disease prevent disease 2 cure for a disease eradicate diseases resistance to a disease ‘Adjective + disease the risk of disease an infectious disease Verb + infection a fatal disease clear up an infection an incurable disease prevent infection suffer from an infection an infection spreads I. Verb + disease Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. We all know that regular exercise helps to heart dseate. 2. Myson from motor neurone disease and needs 24-hour care, 3. Almost all the people who ..........-the disease make a complete recovery. 4, Advances in medicine have . many of the terrible diseases of the past, such as smallpox. 2. Adjective + disease Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Hepatitis is a pocentially ...........disease. If you're not treated early, you could die, 2. The disease is so that the doctors have isolated him from other patients. 3. My uncle sufers from a «blood disease. Only one in a milion have it 4. She has an disease. She wil just have to learn to cope with it. 3. Noun + preposition + disease ‘Motch the halves: |. The government must act quickly to halt a. a cure for this new disease. 2. A good diet helps the body to build up __b. a sudden outbreak of the disease, 3. Eating too much sugar and fat increases. the spread of the disease. 4. The race has begun to find 4. the risk of heart disease 5. Doctors were sent to the aren after «resistance to disease. 4. Verb + infection Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. He's having trouble breathing. He's ........-..from a serious chest infection. 2. Always apply antiseptic cream to minor CUS tO ......++.- infection, 3, The doctor prescribed some drops to .........-+Up my ear infection, 4. Ifthe skin infection isn’t treated, it could ...........from your legs to your body. Note [Note these noun + preposition + infection expressions: {im ofeid these masks offer very lite protection agains infection The doctr examined the it on his lee for sign of nfcton. 7 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ ItormodtatoVerb + stress Noun + of + stress suffer from stress the effects of stress cope with stress levels of stress relleve stress in moments of stress thrive on stress a sign of stress place stress on you a source of stress I. Verb + stress Complete the sentences with the correct form of the obove verbs: |. Massage can help to, headaches, stress and pains. tis a relaxation technique which has been used for centuries. 2. Worried by a number of recent suicides, the University has set up a new service to help students Who aFe o..eecssers+efFOM stress 3. Iedon'e know how she .........2++.With the stress fof bringing up two disabled children on her own. | certainly couldn't handle it. 4, | work better when things are difcule. | think. 1 fon stress. 5. Decisions about who should look after a sick child often considerable stress ‘on working couples. “A classic sgn of stress” 2. Noun + of + stress Notes Complete the sentences with the above noun phrases: Lin. of great stress | close my eyes and imagine 'm on a sunny beach, 2. Acommon... Of stress in the workplace is having to do the work of colleagues who are off sick 3. Nowadays people are more aware of the damaging, of stress on the body. 4, Not being able co relax and sleep is often a of stress. 5. High .......0.+.0F stress are a common feature of modern lfe. People today are ‘more wound up and tense than they were in previous generations. LL Note the common expressions with ‘under stress People under a let of sess may experience headaches, fugue and sleeping robles. Considering the amount of stress she's under ts not surpriing she gets angry so easily | think the stress I wos under atthe tne effected my judgement ond that was wy I made some of these mitokes 2 Note the following expressions: Because ofthe ropidincreaze in stresereeted leses in recent years, mony companies have started rovding courses in stress management for al thei staff 3. Note these expressions, then think of other ways of completing them: (One woy of dealing with sess st dink postive You can escape frm the stresses and stains of fe by going fora long wok inthe countryside Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate nsmoking and drugs (illegal) Verb + smoking Verb + drugs Drug + noun take up smoking take / use drugs drug abuse approve of smoking come off drugs drug addict ‘cut down on smoking _legalse drugs drug dealer ive up smoking seize drugs drug habit refrain from smoking supply drugs drug overdose smuggle drugs drug trafficking 1. Verb + smoking Complete the sentences with the correct preposition |. Lhad to give ........-smoking for health reasons. I's now two years since I quit. 2. used to be a heavy smoker but I've managed to cut in recent months. 3. The sign on the wall said, ‘Please refrain ......... smoking in the waiting room’. 4. I don't approve ......... Smoking in restaurants. I think ie should be banned. 5. [took ........-smoking when I was 12 and I've been a heavy smoker ever since. 2. Verb + drugs Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I don't do drugs. ve never .........++dFugs at any time in my life I think the crime rate would decrease if soft drugs like cannabis were He says he's now clean. He ‘off drugs a year ago. Ie was his bestfriend who ............him with the drugs that killed him, UK customs officials have just drugs with a street value of $2 million. Anyone caught drugs into the country faces the death penalty, 3. Drug + noun Notes 7 Complete the sentences with the above nouns: 1. AIDS can be spread by drug sharing needles. 2. He's a known drug who's often seen pushing drugs outside the local café. 3, The rock star, Lentrix, died of a drug ina New York hotel in 19689. 4. All parents should be aware of the early signs of drug. 5. Many addicts are forced to turn to crime in order to support their drug 6. Drug. is an international problem. Police forces around the world are now working together in an effort to stop it. 1. Note the verbs we use to describe the effects of smoking Smoking con seriously damoge your heath Passive smoking kl thousands of peopl every year. eis now an occepted fot that smoking causes lng concer. 2. Note the following ways of saying that you can smoke in a particular place In he ierest of softy, smoking is ferbidden / probed in ths bung Possengers are reminded that smoking isnot allowed J not permitted on this aro 3. Note these expressions with “drugs He always loks as though he on drugs (using drugs regular) Fer years he wos dependent on drugs, but he hos fal managed to overcome his addon. The President denied that he had experimented with drug whl he wos 0 student Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediatepain Verb + pain Adjective + pain ‘Common expressions bear the pain a burning pain alleviate pain cause pain a dull pain cease the pain complain of a pain a throbbing pain deaden the pain pain passes a sudden pain all he pain pain gees worse constant pain relieve pain unbearable pain soothe the pain 1. Verb + pain Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. An old sports injury is him a lot of pain at the moment 2. I couldnt ..........the pain any longer, so I took some painkillers. 3. The tablets might help, but ifthe pain persists or ‘worse, see your doctor. 4. The pain was so severe that I had to hold on to a chair until it 5. She’ been of pain inher chest fora few days. ve called the doctor. 2. Adjective + pain Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Ive had terrible toothache al night long ~ just a constant .. pain. tm ringing the dents. 2. I just bent over to pick up my suitcase and I got this pain in my back. | think I've done something! 3. | was cleaning some paint brushes and I put my hand up to my eye. | must've got some paint init. | suddenly got this pain in my left eye. That's why I came straight round to the hospital 4. My poor grandmother was in the most pain for the last few months of her life. 5. This pain never goes away. I's just night and day. 6. What's the pain like? Is ia sharp pain or more of a ain? 3. Common expressions Notes We use a number of verbs to describe reducing pain. Match the halves: |. Unfortunately che drugs did a. to deaden or kill pain quickly. 2. Antacids relieve pain by neutralising acid _. soothe the pain and stop her crying. 3. After a ering day at work, hot bath can ¢. nothing to alleviate the pain 4, Rub this gel onto the baby’s gums and it will 4. ease all your aches and pains. 5. Morphine is given to accident victims €. in the contents of the stomach. 1. Note these expressions He was ina lt of pr. had few minor aches and pain, but nahin serious 2. Note these ways of describing someone in pain: ‘The pavent was screaming wth pain, Stomach urs cause great disress.The patent i often bent double wth pat 3. We tlk of back pain, chest pains and growing pans (in chien}. ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate aappointment, symptom and test Verb + appointment Verb + symptoms Verb + test make an appointment show symptoms do atest get an appointment doctors treat symptoms repeat a test have an appointment symptoms go away take a test wait for an appointment symptoms persist have to have some keep an appointment symptoms include headaches tests miss an appointment and a high temperature ‘eancel an appointment |. Verb + appointment Complete the sentences wth the correct form of the above verbs 1. Can 1 ....sec.+.a® appointment to see Dr Wilkins, please? 2. il ring the surgery, bu | don't think I'l........-..aM appointment at such short 31 ry appointment at the clinic today | forgot all about it. 4. Ilhad a sore throat, so | had to phone up and my dental appointment. 5. Unfortunately, you may have to Lup to six months for an appointment. 6. I won't be at work tomorrow morning. |. ......+-+-aN appointment with the dentist. 7. Allot of valuable time is lost when patients fall to ........+--their appointments 2. Verb + symptoms Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Keep taking the medicine until your symptoms away. Ieis often said chat western medicine ...........the symptoms and not the cause. ‘The symptoms of the disease ...........8 high temperature and vomiting. IF these symptoms lr get worse, consult your doctor. My father is beginning to the classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 3. Verb + test Notes 74 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. I'm afraid the blood tests were inconclusive, so we will need to ...........them. 2. He says he's willing t0 ..........+8 paternity test to prove he isn't the child's father, 3. Well need to some tests co find out whats causing your headaches. 4. The specialist said that I have to ..........Some blood tests to see what's wrong. |. Note the prepositions in these sentences: Constaion is by appointment on T have an appointment with Dr Andrews tomorrow ofternaon Ive get an appointment atthe antenatal cn ths ofemoon. 2. Note hese expressions: The texte come back pov ! nego. Her latest tests show tht she is inthe clear (ne lnger has the medical problem) 3. We tlk about tblood, eye, hearing and pregnancy rst 4. Teses are specific whereas an examination is more general. so we use ‘examination’ and not ‘est In the folowing sentance: ‘A doctor wil need to give yeu 0 fll examination, and then he may decide he need to do some tests. "and we get our eyes and blood tested Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatetreatment and cure | Verb + treatment Adjective + treatment begin creatment an effective treatment give treatment a new treatment ‘undergo treatment free treatment need treatment urgent treatment respond to treatment _various treatments |. Verb + treatment Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verb: Adjective + cure 2 complete cure an instant cure no known cure 1. The driver was .........-@mergeney treatment at the scene of the accident. 2, My mother is .......+.+.well to treatment and should so 3. Some cancer patients prefer to continue working while on be able to walk again 4, Ten prisoners ...........medical treatment after a riot at the prison, 5. There's a better chance of success if we the treatment as soon as possible. 2. Adjective + treatment Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Doctors are trying out a.........+-treatment for asthma which involves special breathing exercises. 2. A daily dose of aspirin is a simple but highly ‘treatment for certain heart conditions. 3. There are treatments for this complaint ~ surgery is just one option, but so much depends on the individual patient 4. Three firefighters needed ...........medical treatment after breathing in toxic fumes. 5, You get ......++++-dental treatment if you are under 18 or if you are pregnant. 3. Adjective + cure Notes Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: LL There is no ..-.+.++++.€ure for the common cold. 2. The treatment won't provide a ..........-cure for your back pain, but it will help to reduce it significantly. 3. Pm afraid there isn't an ........... €ure for this condition. fe will take three months of treatment with creams before your skin returns to normal. |. Note this expression: Thanks tothe treatment, her condtion has improved significantly (oso result ofthe trectmens) 2. Note these expressions with ‘ure Scents are hoping fr a breakthrough inthe serch for 2 care for Ncheimer's disease Prevention i berter thon cur, so make sure you fock after your heath think is posse that o cute for cancer wil be fund in my eine. Key Words for Fluency — Intermediato “Tm ofid, Mr Higginbottom, that there is no instant cure!” 75operation and drug | Verb + operation Verb + drugs Adjective + drug have an operation sake drugs a fastacting drug 0 through with an operation injece drugs powerful drug need an operation test drugs a safe drug survive the operation prescribe drugs a wonder drug perform an operation drugs are approved fan operation goes well or badly drugs are withdrawn |. Verb + operation Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: |. Don't worry. A very experienced brain surgeon will be the operation, 2. My mother ........+..an operation on her eye last month, 31 ‘a hip replacement operation, but the waiting list is over nine months. 44, The surgeon said chat | only have a fity-fifty chance of she operation, 5. I couldn’ ‘through with the operation ~ 1 was too scared. 6. The early indications are that che lifesaving operation has ---well, Doctors ‘expect the patient to make a full recovery 2. Verb + drugs Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Uhave to. drugs daily for high blood pressure. 2. Your doctor may pain-killing drugs to make you more comfortable, 3. The drug works more effectively if itis directly into the bloodstream. 4. The drug had to be ........---after a number of people suffered serious side-effects. 5. The painkiller, Nohex, is not available in the UK. It hasn't been for use. 6. New drugs are not allowed into the shops until they have been thoroughly 3. Adjective + drug Notes 6 Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: drugs are used to treat cancer and these can have unpleasant side-effects kes drug. It only takes a few minutes for the drug to begin to work. 3. The drug company claims that the drug is completely Ie has been successfully tested on thousands of patients. 4, Prozac has been hailed a8 2 ........++.dFug—a cure for lots of mental problems. Note these useful expressions The parent was fully concious throughout the opertion The operation is performed under general onaesthet Recovery fram this typeof eration sa slow and painful proces 2. Note these drug + verb collocation: The drug may aflect your vision, o ovoid dein whe taking t The effet of the drug will wear off ina couple of hours and you be back to normal. 2, Note these expressions This drug isnot avalale over the counter. only avolable on prescription. 1 had an elergic reaction to the drug dnd hod to stop taking ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ IntormediateSection 10 Money money and cash savings, fortune and debt price fee and charge expense “Everyone's chasing money these days!” ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediate 78 79 80 81 82money and cash Yerb + money Adjective + money Verb + cash lend or borrow money extra money pay cash earn money missing money accept / take cath inherie money spending money carry cash run out of money pocket money have cash on (you) save money raise money ay money refund money I. Verb + money Complete the sentences with the corect form of the above verbs: |. Were organising a concert £0 ‘money for charity 1 1 lot of money for that car. It cost me over £20,000 youre unhappy with the product, just bring it back and welll...........YOUr money. Could you ..+.++.+--ome £5? I'm fat broke >You already owe me £10, 50 .....+....nit from somebody else! 5. When her father dies, she's going £0 ........-.a lot of money! . Building has stopped because the construction company has ...........0Uut of money. Whats your salary? How much money do you .. 2 I ry 10 .....se---8ome money each week. | usually manage about £20, 2. Adjective + money Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: |. How much .......-...meney are you taking with you on holiday? 2. \'m paid badly so | work in a bar in the evening to make a bit of money. 3. How much money did your parents use to give you? 4, All bank employees are being questioned by police about the money, 3. Verb + cash Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The shops only ‘cash. You won't be able to use your credit card, 2. Do you... «any spare cash on you? Ive left my wallet at home. 3. [never much cash with me, just enough to pay for lunch and my bus fare 4, Customers are offered a 20% discount on all products if they cash, Notes 6 |. Note the following ways of talking about a lot of money: He making good Toads of fontastic amounts of money. 2. Note the expression: The counc spent £1,000,000 on the Queen’ sie What 9 woste of public money! 3, Note the following expressions with ‘ash "im shore of cash | strapped for cash ust now (don't have enough money) Do you wish to Be paid in cash or by cheque? The plumber say he wants cash n advance You can make a withdrawal from mest cash machine ! cash dspensrs with this card Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatesavings, fortune and debt Verb + savings Verb + fortune Verb + debe elope ces mle aforune, pelo debe put your svings to (he bank) Spend forme rump debs fat back on your savings Coie ite sforume pay offyour debs Spend your sings fovea forune We of debe Shas senahety oun ct auahenea Detaced wih debs | ther sovings cost force 1. Verb + savings Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: 1. We all our savings on an expensive holiday 2. When she lost her job she had to ...........back on her savings to get by. 3. He was jalled for ‘thousands of investors out of their lf savings. 4, Tve decided to ..........-up my savings by putting 20% of my salary in the bank. 5. He won't his savings into the bank. He says his money is safer at home! 2. Verb + fortune Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Her dress must have ... an absolute fortune. 2. He ....+--+-srinto a considerable fortune when his uncle passed away. 3. My grandfather was a millionaire, but he .. his fortune when the stock market crashed in 1929. 4. If you install double glazing, you'l. a fortune on heating bil 5. The Rolling Stones have 1 fortune from sales of their music. 6, My sister ...........a fortune on clothes. I don't know where she gets all the money from. 3. Verb + debt Notes Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: He tried to borrow money from me to off his gambling debes. Ie’ very easy to into serious debe by using a credit card She's up debts of nearly £6,000 on her credit card with mounting debts, they were forced ¢o sell their house, | think thae the World Bank should ...........0ff the debts of poor countries. |. Note these expressions with savings 1 pai fer the car out of my savings With tis ocoune you have instant acces to your savings. Repair bls con make a bg hole in your savings. (ase up alt of your savings} 2. Note these expressions with fortune’ | thought the painting would be worth « fortune, but they onl offered me £100. ‘Alot of young people come to he city in starch offre and fertune. 2. Note the following ways of describing a lot of debe ‘Many students are heovly I deply in debt by the tne they fish univers Shes up ther eos up to her neck in debt Key Words for Fluency —Intermodiatoprice Verb + price Adjective + price agree on a price competitive prices afford the price ‘extortionate prices haggle over the price a fixed price prices rise or fall the ful price the price includes (postage and packing) half price I. Verb + price Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: LL The price of oil has steeply this year 2. The price. flights and two weeks’ accommodation. Please note that the price excludes local taxes. 3, its customary in many countries to negotiate how much you pay for things at the ‘market, 50 it is important that you learn how to .........-+.0Ver prices. 4, We didn't buy the house. It was impossible to ............on.a price with the owners, 5. Few people can ‘the prices theyre asking. £55 is far too much for a ticket. 2. Increase and decrease in price ‘Mark the sentences () if they mean increase in price and (D) for a decrease in price: |. There's a shortage of housing in the area, so house prices are expected to rise 2. The theatre is hoping to increase its audience by cutting the price of tickets > Yes. They've slashed their prices by almost 50%. 3. Ie amazing how much computers have come down in price over the past few years. > Yes. Prices have dropped quite a bit since | bought my frst computer 15 years ago. 4, Prices shot up last year:They are nearly three times as expensive now. 5. Oil prices fll co $5 a barrel ~ the lowest for ten years. 6, The government has put up the price of cigarettes again. Il have to stop smoking 3. Adjective + price Notes Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: ‘The table was slightly damaged, so he only charged me price for it 1m sorry ~ children over five must pay the ......---..++-8ntry price to the show. Our prices are very “They're as low as any other shop in the area. 1. Unlike the prices in the market, our prices are .........-++..and not negotiable. . I's a good hotel, but their prices are le cost me £15 for a cup of, coffee! How can they get away with charging such high prices? |. Note the adverbs we use to describe a big increase or decrease in price: The price of materials has risen sharp, so we have been fered to increase our charges The price of our shares onthe stock morket has fen drameaialy. Due to shortoge of flour the price of bread has risen alarmingly House prices in the cy rote steph lst yeor. 2. Note the following expressions: They can do the work for you, a price. (t wil ost lot of money) The people now wont peace ot ony price (wing t do anything to get) Yu can’ puto price on friendship. (impossible to soy haw valuable is) Koy Words for Fluency ~ Intrmediatofee and charge Verb + fee Adjective + fee Expressions with charge charge a fee an additional fee add a service charge increase / raise the fee a flat fee incur bank charges pay a fee aahigh fee waive charges waive the fee arecord fee free of charge ‘nominal fee the normal fee a reasonable fee |. Verb + fee Complete the sentences with the corect form ofthe above verbs: |. ifyou have a television in Britain, you have to an annual licence fee. 2. The bank will........+..YoU a smal fee for setting up the account. 3. Tuition fees are ...........for the unemployed, who get the course free. 4. They are thinking of ..........the annual fee to £500 a year. | don't see how they can do that when the fees went up by over £100 last year. 2. Adjective + fee Complete the sentences withthe above adjectives: I. Fora fee of £2, hotel guests can use the facilities at the leisure centre, 2. We charge a {fee of £25 per hour ~ the same for all our customers. 3. We only charge £500 per year.This Is a considerable saving on the «....-...+-f68. 4 I chink £20 for a check-up isa very fee! Pete paid over £50! 5. Tom Cruise commands one of the {ees in Hollywood. 6. Zidane was transferred from Juventus for a fee of $76 milion 7. Once you've paid the annual £350 subscription, there are no fees. 3. Expressions with charge Notes ‘Charge’ not passible in Exercises | and 2. ‘Fee’ and ‘charge’ are both possible inthis sentence: There is on admission charge ! fee for adults, but children under 14 get in fee. However, only ‘charge’ is possible inthe sentences below. Match the two haves: |. The room's £30, and breakfast is provided at 2. In Britain, some restaurants add 3. Buy a dishwasher and you get a toaster : 4, The bank will waive the charges b. 4 i the tooster came 10 % service charge to the bill five of charge!” =. no extra charge. as the mistake was partly ours. free of charge. 1. Note this expression The singer wanted hoff i fee paid up fone 2. Note how we describe a charge which covers administration costs Your monty poymens include a honding charge of 50p per month Pose note thet there's o£ booking charge foreach tcket. Key Words for Fuency — intermediate atexpense Verb + expense Adjective + expense Common expressions bbe worth the expense extra expense at your own expense spare no expense living expenses at great expense g0 to the expense of, ‘medical expenses at no extra expense justify the expense ‘operating expenses save the expense traveling expenses I. Verb + expense Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |, When | went to university, decided to stay with my parents as it would ... ime the expense of renting a fa. 2. Buying a bigger house. certainly worth the expense. Life is so much more comfortable now. 3. No expense was ... to make the film a success. Millions of pounds were spent (on advertising alone. A. Why os o-ossreo80 the expense of buying new clothes when you never go out! 5. We don't need another car. The one we've got is fine.1 don't see how we can the expense of a second car 2. Adjective + expense Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Your insurance policy will cover ll ‘expenses incurred during your time in hospital 2. [try to ly business clas if it’s along fight. | think its worth the ..........- expense. 3. They just manage to get by on his salary W's just enough to meet the family’ expences, 4, The obvious way to reduce the company’s high .......+-..€xpenses is to cut staff 5. Make sure you fil out a form to claim your ..........- expenses after you have finished the interview. 3. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: |. We had to repair the damage to our house _—_—a. at great expense to the college. 2. The old lifts were replaced b. at no extra expense 3. The price includes full se of the leisure facilities c. at our own expense, Notes “Expenses are the extra costs involved in your job. For example, hotels, rveling, meals which {1 need while away fom home. You incur” expenses. You ‘laim them Back’ They are then “reimbureed' to you. Yur salary wil be £40,000 a year, plus expenses. Dont warry about the cost of dinner =i on expenses 2. Note these exprestions. 1m an an expense account 1 gee oll my oucof pocket expenses reimbursed, 3. Some people ‘cheat’ or fiddle’ their expenses when they chim money which the did not spend, 8 Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 11 Food food drink meal and dish diet and appetite party “Trying to keep to a bolanced diet!” ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediate 84 85 86 88food Verb + food Adjective + food Noun + of + food eat food delicious food ‘the consumption of food prepare food disgusting food a portion of food ‘waste food fresh food a shortage of food pick up food frozen food a variety of food be off your food raw food serve food hot I spicy food Verb + food Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs |. tes a shame to all this food when so many people go hungry in the world, 2. No wonder he's so fat. He. ‘vast amounts of junk food. 3. A food processor makes the job of ........--food a lot easier 4, Ever since the stomach upset | had last month, I've off my food. 5. We stopped at che supermarket on the way home to up some food. 6, Try the hotel restaurant. 00d food at affordable prices. 2. Adjective + food Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: LL The sight ofall chat food on the table makes my mouth water. 2. Having a garden means that we get 2 lot of ...........food to eat. 3. | bought some Japanese food, but I don't know if eat it ..........0F cooked. 4. The food was absolutely I was almost sick 5, You should defrost..........food completely before you cook it 6 Indian food is too for me.| can only eat it f I drink lots of water. 3. Noun + of + food Notes 24 Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. Avoid the Ral if youre very hungry. You only get tiny of food there. 2. There's a greater of food avalable today than there was fifty years ago 3. The harvest has failed again, so there is a desperate . of food in the area, 4. The increasing .........-of junk food is worrying health officals everywhere |. Note this expression: She described her operation atthe dimer table andi put me right off my ood 2. Note these types of foo: "Yank food is unhealthy food which contains alot of fat sland sugar “Convenience food' i quick to prepare, It only needs to be heated a ts already cooked, “Fast food ts food that you can get quickly ina restaurane or which you take away. “Organic food is food produced without the use of artificial chemicals, 3. Note that we tlk about food in the fllowing ways: 4) who ents i¢— pet fod, bby fod plant food 3) the country of origin - talon! Chinese /Indon food 6) its purpose — heath food 4, ‘Food poisoning’ isan ilinss you get from eating food that contains harmful bacteria Poor hygene is the mast commen coue of feed posoning. Key Words for Fivency —Intermodiatedrink Verb + drink Adjective + drink Adjective + drink have a drink a celebratory deink (non-alcoholic) ‘order a drink a farewell drink thot / cold drink sip your drink a free drink a long drink spill your drink a quick drink a refreshing drink coffer somebody a drink a relaxing drink soft drinks a sift drink I. Verb + drink Complete these sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: 1. Tom went to the bar to .........-.another round of drinks for the group. 2 Try not to your drink We don't want to ruin the carpet. 3. Cant you a drink? I've got beer, wine, or a soft drink if you prefer. 4. Hed afew drinks, and it was dificult to make out what he was saying. 5. He gulped down his drink, then ordered another one. took my time and just iy drink in order to make it last 2. Adjective + drink Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Were having a drink for Harry tomorrow night. Hes moving to a new job next week. 2. How about a.........--drink after work? Weill only be ten minutes or so. 3. When we heard that his wife had given birth to their first child, we all went for a drink, 4, There's ++. drinks at the bar tonight. The company is paying! 5. After the accident he poured himself a No way! You can go to the party, but make sure youre home by midnight. 4, There was a party going on next door which kept me awake most of the right. Unfortunately, it didn’t break up unl Sam, 3. Types of party Match these halves: |. Our new neighbours threw 2. Andys leaving so we're planning 3. Vm going to 4, Street parties 5. Should I take some wine to a farewell party the fancy-dress party dressed as a carrot were held to celebrate independence day. their dinner party? ‘a house-warming party after moving in. 1. Note these expression: ‘When we arved, the party was just starting to warm up. When we le the party wos in fl swing Het having a porty to celebrate hs th brthday 2. A celebration’ isa party for a special occasion: 1 dit fee! Uke jing nthe celebrations Peter got the ob think that calls fora celebration! ‘They planed a special celebration fr her homecoming. As por ofthe celebrovon, they staged a big, open-air concert in Hyde Pork ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 12 Fun and entertainment fun and entertainment joke television and programme concert fan and audience film music and song “Tm a great fan of his.” ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ ntormediato 90 ” 92 94 95 96fun and entertainment Verb + fun Expressions with fun Adjective + entertainment have fun fe sounds lke fun. popular entertainment. spoil (your) fun Have fun! free entertainment join in the fun fall of fun inight entertainment miss out on the fun ts great / no fun. live entertainment get fun out of. (She) great fun to be with. family entertainment | (le) just a bie of fun |. Verb + fun Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Why do grown-ups always .....-----.Your fun and tell you to be quiet? 2. Uhaven't sso much fun for ages. We must do this again soon, 3. Don't be such a wet blanket! Come over to our place and in the funt 4. Our children 1 lot of fun out of playing with water, 5, OF course I'm coming to the party. | don’t want to out on all the fun! 2. Expressions with fun ‘Match the halves: 1. Tes great fun watching. a He's very entertaining 2. The trip to the castle ®. full of fun 3. Have fun! «. le was just a bit of harmless fun 4, Frank is always so cheerful and 4. But don't stay out 0 late. 5. | didn't mean to hurt her. «. the dog chase the cat. 6. Harry's great fun to be with. f. when everyone else is free. 7. ts no fun having to work on Sundays & sounds lke fun, 3. Adjective + entertainment 0 Complete the sentences withthe above adjectives: |. There wasn't any ........++- entertainment on the plane so the children were bored. . Amusement parks offer good ‘entertainment for both young and old, . We provide ..........- entertainment for children staying atthe hotel ‘There's no doubt that television is the most «form of entertainment. Local musicians provided cs centertainment while we ate and drank. 1. Note the following ways of saying something isnot fur: Wolking ol day in the pouring rain and feezing cal isnot my ideo of fr Being 0 fin star ito fun and games. Teney golf es ¢ hobby, bu had todo tos ab, it would toke ol the fan out of 2. Nowe the expression just for fa! | wt just for fun not becouee I expect make any money cu fi 1 decided to learn Jopanese just for fr 3, Note these expressions with ‘entertainment: What do you do for entertsinent cround here? > Tm afta there's not much in the woy of entertainment Theres ony a cinema and a pub, ‘The zoo is goed entertainment vale. It keeps the kids amused fer hours Key Words for Fluency — Intermodiatejoke Verb + joke Verb + joke Expressions | tall a joke play a joke on (him) meant as a joke | gee the joke can't take a joke your idea of a joke || hear a joke joke goes too far the joke fll fat laugh ata joke a private joke do something for / a5 a joke I. Verb + joke (amusing story) Complete these sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: |. Have you any good jokes lately? 2. What’ so funny? I don't the joke, 3. My mother always ‘at my father’s jokes. We just sie there and groan. 4. We all sat around the table drinking beer and Jokes late into the night. 2. Adjective + joke Complete the sentences with the above adjectives 1. I think his jokes are coos They are extremely funny. 2. I'm tired of hearing these old jokes again and again. They're so .. 3. Please don't tell any jokes atthe party. My mother’s going to be there! 4. I'don’t know what those two girs in the corner over there are up to. They seem to be sharing a ......+....joke 3. Verb + joke (a trick played on someone) Choose the corect colocation 1. They decided to make / play ajoke on their father by hiding his jacket in his bed 2. This stupid joke has come / gone far enough! Where are my shoes? 3, Relax! Ifyou can do J rake a joke you won't find it easy working in this ofc! 1. Ltvied to tell a joke to lighten the atmosphere 2 the een pause 7 Mpg tye re oe, Ry 4. Common expressions ne ‘Match the halves >), 2 | pe 3 4, Come on, Don't be £0 seriout. a. asa joke, i. but ie fll flat. & What | sald was meant as a joke, “4 d. then I don'e find it very funny. “This isnot my Kea of joke!” Notes I. Note the expression ‘make a joke atthe expense of somebody 1s unkind 0 make jokes atthe expense of your fends. 2 A’sense of humour isthe ably to laugh at funny situations Selly eo friend person wih a great sence of hueur He snot noted for hs sense of humour. You need o sense of humour to work here! Key Words fr Fluency ~ intermediate ottelevision and programme Verb + television Verb + programme switch the television on or off Interrupt a programme turn the television up or down record a programme watch television broadcast / show a programme show on television programmes actract viewers Television + noun Adjective + programme television coverage your favourite programme a television licence the following programme 1 television presenter a live programme television series a violent programme 1. Verb + television Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. In Britain, the average viewer ... television for about three hours a day. 2. The television is quite loud. Could you .. it down please? 3. They edited out most of the sex scenes when the film was .........-.0n television 4. 1ean soothe television off if ics disturbing you. 2. Television + noun Complete the sentences with the above noun phrases: |. His book has been made into a successful television oe 2, Television of the match was lost because of a technical fault. 3. Why are television «.. all so slim, healthy, and good-looking? 4. Our television ........-.- expires next month. Weill need to remember to renew it 3. Verb + programme CChoase the correct collocation: |. We are disturbing / interrupting this programme to bring you a newsflash. 2. Id like to copy / record a programme tonight at 9. Have you got a blank tape? 3. This kind of programme never fails co bring in / attract millions of viewers. 4. Don't worry, the programme will be delivered / shown again at the weekend, 4, Adjective + programme Complete the sentences wit the above adjectives: |. The soap opera, Eastenders, is my programme. never miss an episode 2 Is Universiy Challenge a ........ programme, ori it pre-recorded? 3. We don' allow our children to watch programmes 4 The .........programme contains scenes which you may find disturbing Notes 1. Note that'he television’ refers to the television et wail ‘television’ refers to programmes: There's an interesing progeamme on television tonight They ave the telersn onal she time 2. We refer tothe television informally as the'TV’ the ‘tally or the box. 3. Note these expressions 1 wos glued tothe television last night (ould no top watching something spec) 82 ey Words for Fluency ~ Intermediateconcert Verb + concert Adjective + concert. Noun + preposition + concert attend a concert —_a brillant concert a live broadcast of the concert cancel a concert a farewell concert. a ticket for the concert give a concert alive concert a venue for the concert ut on aconcert an open-air concert _the proceeds from the concert perform in a concert the concert is well/ badly organised |. Verb + concert Complete these sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: |. an Patrov's decision to f the concert is bound to disappoint his fans. 2. Acrowd of about 50,000 ...........the ‘concert in Central Park. 3. The opera star, Rory Watson, will ‘concert in Hyde Park in London. 4, Because of work, | wasn't able eo see my son In the school concert. 5. The school is fon a concert to raise money for cancer charities, 2. Adjective + concert “An openair concert with fireworks” Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. The concert was absolutely ........... lived up t0 all my expectations. 2. Hes the band’s ........+.- concert — definitly their last. Tickets are like gold dust. 3. The Festival ends with an ...........concert with a huge fireworks display. 4. love the excitement of concerts. | saw David Bowie in London last month 5. The concert was very ....s+.-ss++ «The whole thing was a real fasco. 3. Noun + preposition + concert Complete the sentences with the above nouns: LL Te got a spare ...........-for Friday's concert Are you doing anything? 2. Iwatched a live ..........-of the concert on giant video screens outside the stadium, 3. The... from the concert will go to help homeless people. 4. After the fire at the theatre, the organisers are now looking for an alternative for the concert. Notes Note the following ways of explaining the reason fora concert: Tonight’ concer wil be held nai of frie relief. ‘A concer willbe held to mark the teh anniversary of the country’ independence 2. Note this way of announcing a concert The Bern Phiormonic orem concert atthe Fest Hal thie evening. 3, Note these diferent kinds of concert: 1 pop concert ack concert a clsscal concert Key Words for Fluency — ntormediate 2fan and audience Verb + fan Verb + audience ‘Adjective + audience dlzappoint the fans attract an audience 2 captive audience thank your fans play to an audience 2 family audience | fans pack (stadiums) thrill an audience 2 delighted audience fans besiege (hotels) an audience laps an invited audience ‘Adjective + fan a live audience eau the target audience rival fans a big fan of (the band) 1. Verb + fan Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Pd lke to) all my fans for thele support throughout the years. 2. The singer’s decision to cancel the concert is bound to «........-her fans. 3. Hundreds of fans ..........Sting’ hotel, hoping to catch a glimpse of him. 4, Thousands of football fans. the National Stadium for the cup fina. 2. Adjective + fan Choose the best collocation: |. ma big [large fan of country and western musi. all | ever listen to. 2. Fighting broke out between competitive / rival fans at the end of the match. 3. Madonna was mobbed by devoted / beloved fans as she left her hotel 3. Verb + audience Complete these sentences with the correct form ofthe above vers I. The audience and cheered at the end of the performance. 2. He's a well-known figure in politics, so he should . large audience. 3. Charlie Chaplin’ fms .......... audiences throughout the world for decades. 4, The rock group Oasis ...........t0 an audience of over 100,000 at the festival 4, Adjective + audience Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: She got a standing ovation from a . audience He's the kind of singer who performs best before a audience The ......-.--audlenee for this programme are people between 20 and 25. The magician had 2 audience. We couldn't get our children to leave. “The film contains no sex or violence. I is obviously aimed at a audience . A specaly .........-audience attended the opening night of the ply. The selected guests included Prince Charles and his two sons Notes Note thie expression: The audience was composed largely of young people. 2. Note how we describe the feelings of the fans Povorote canceled his concert ~ othe great dsappoimment of his fans. The team won the gome easly ~ to the delight of ll thei fans. 9 Key Words for Fusncy ~ Intermediatefilm Verb + film Adjective + film Noun + preposition + film sea film an action-packed film pare in a film | wateh a flm an award-winning flm a review of aflm shoot a flm 12 good film a screening of a film show a film a low-budger film your enjoyment of a film release a film ban a film | appear in J star in afl 1. Verb + film Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Go and ...........Woody Allen's latest film. 've never laughed so much in all my life 2. The film was made for television. It was mostly .........-.0n location in Egypt. 3. We stayed up to the late-night film. 4. For your in-fght entertainment today, we are ... ‘the film Men in Black |e will stare in approximately ten minutes. 5. The film was ........+..in my country for having too many explicit sex scenes. 6. Ie ridiculous thae Tom Cruise was paid $10 million for ..........im that film, 7. The film was .......+.+-1n the US two months ago, but only came out in the UK ‘the week before last. 2. Adjective + film Choose the coret colocation: 1. He has made a number of award-winng/ prize ims in his short career: He's already picked up Oscars for bes director and bes fim. 2. Indano Jones andthe Temple of Doom isan action-packed / 3 thrilr fm ful of adventure and exciting events. 3. Have you seen any ine / good films recently? 4. Spaghetsi westerns were cheap I low-budget flms made inthe 1970s with very Ile money. They went on to become surprise box office its. 3. Noun + preposition + film Complete the sentences with the above nouns: 1. I'm an actor, but ve only had one or Wo minor «.....+..+-im lms £0 far 2. Id read the book and knew the ending, but it didn't spoll my .........-.0f the flm. 3. Film critics attended a special of the film in Los Angeles. 4 of the film are poor: They say it wl flop and lose a lot of money. Notes 1. Note these expressions: In indi, the fll wos dubbed. (the language spoken by the ocors wos changed) In Chin, the fm hod subse. a wrtten tronleon wor provided on screen) 2. Note how we describe the content ofa fl: The fm is based on the reabife story of @ woman who survived the sinking ofthe Ton. The fm Soving Private Ryan depicts the fll hear of war This fm contains scenes ofvilence and bad language and hasbeen rated 18, ‘Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermediate 9music and song Verb + music Noun + preposition + music compose I write music ‘a plece of music listen to music the beat of the music perform music your taste in music ‘music appeals to (you) a gift for music Adjective + music Expressions with song background music a love song. folk music 1 pop song live music a protest song, classical music a theme song the music is deafening burst into song, 1. Verb + music Complete these sentences with the correct form of the above verbs 1 to very loud music leads to hearing loss in young people. 2. The theme music was specially for the programme. 3. Annie Lennox is a popular singer whose music toa wide audience. 4, He's a well-known singer-songwriter. He writes and his own music. 2. Adjective + music Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. The music was ‘We had to shout to make ourselves heard above it 2. While I'm working in my study. | always have some kind of music on, 3. The club has «music every night, There's always a band playing, 4, Every country has its own music. 5, Not everyone can appreciate music 3. Noun + preposition + music Complete the sentences with the above nouns 1. The. of the music was quite hypnotic and | began to feel quite sleepy. 2. Mendelssohn's Wedding March is a popular ...........of music played at weddings 3. Mandy has 3 for music. Her mother Is aso extremely talented. 4, What's your ..........-in musie? What sort of musie are you into? 4, Expressions with song 6 ‘Match the holves: |. He's very romantic and he 2. Blowing in the Wind by Bob Dylan is 3. There's nothing but endless pop songs 4, He was so happy he just 5. [ove the theme song from Neighbours. burst into song. [ean listen to it again and again a well-known protest song. fon the radio these days sings beautiful love songs. eange “Tyres are the words ofa song: He writes the Iris for mest of his own songs. now the iis to every Beales song Key Words fr Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 13 People life 98 death 99 age 100 character 101 clothes and fashion 102 appearance 103 habit and routine 104 “They very close ~ despite the oge difference” Key Words for Fluency ~ intermodiate 97life Verb + life Adjective + life Noun + of + life lose your fe an easy ife every aspect of your life prolong your life anew life loss of life risk your life your private life the pace of life save your lfe your socal fe the quality of life take your own life everyday life the rest of your life anew lease of life 1. Verb + life Complete the sentences withthe correct form ofthe above verbs |, Fasten your seatbelt. Ie could your life 2. Doctors sy tha regular exerese and 2 good dit can your life 3. My fiend her own life. Nobody can understand why she killed herself 4, Firemen ......++.+-their ives rescuing people from burning buldings. 5. The war chimed the lives of thousands of soldiers. Hundreds of civilians also thei ives 2. Adjective + life ‘Match the two halves: 3. Noun + of + life Notes |. She wants to make a clean break with her past and start a, her private life. 2, Computers are now very much a part of b. a new life. 3. Ie really irritates me when people say that teachers have _c, social life. 4, She's gota lot of friends here, so she has a good . everyday life 5. She's not the sort of person who likes to talk about ce. an easy if Complete the sentences with the above nouns: I. Love him, but I'm not sure | want to spend the of my life with him. 2. The two trains crashed into each other with serious of life. 3. Our... of life has improved tremendously in the last 20 years, Most people now have a much higher standard of living 4. I don't lke the ‘of modern life's too fast and stressful for me. 5. His illness is debilcacing It affects almost every .........-.of his life 6. The operation has given my mother a new ...........of lf, le means she can now do the things she used to enjoy. |. Note the expression ‘to lead a... Me’ Before going to university, {hd ite experience ofthe word. | had led avery sheered fe [My father has 2 minor heart problem, but he is able to lead a normal fe deste hi net ‘Most of us lead such dull ond hurr Ives in the cy, but some people seem to lead such excting Fes traveling frm country to county. 2. The expression'a matter of fe and death’ is often used witha non-teral meaning: Keeping this fectory open is a matter of He and death fortis town. 3. Note this expression She's so fl of fe alwys runing around ond laughing Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatedeath Verb + to death Verb + death cause death be crushed to death escape death bleed to death hear of a death fall to your death get over a death freeze to death mourn a death starve to death condemn to death Noun + of + death ‘on the point of death the cause of death I. Verb + death Adjective + death an early death ahorrible death ‘violent death a sudden death certain death in the event of (his) death Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Las sorry to 2. He 3. I don't think parents ever really 4, les a serious disease that 5. When Eva Peron died, the whole country 2. Verb + to death ‘Match the haves: of your father's death |. The knife severed an artery in his leg and he 2. He lost his footing on the mountain and 3. When the crowd pushed forward, several people 4, He was lost in deep snow and he 5, When the crops fled, housands of people 6, He was caught spying in the 60s and 3. Adjective + death Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Everyone was shocked by his death — 2. Ie was his dependence on drugs that led to his 3. Many asylum seekers claim they face 4. Unable to escape from the burning house, he died a 5. She died in her sleep, unlike her husband, who met a 4. Noun + of + death Complete the sentences with the above nouns: 1. The missing climber was on the .. 2. The doctor said that the most likely 3. He left a letter for me to read in the Note Nowe these death # noun collcations Famous people often recone death Oreo: death by a millmetre. The bullet just missed his heart. lover the death of a child thousands of deaths a year her death, a. starved to death. ». froze to death cc. was condemned to death, 4d. fel to his death ‘e, were crushed to death, {bled to death ‘was completely unexpected. death at the age of 24 ‘death if they are sent back home. death, death during the war. ‘of death when she was found, of death was heart failure of his death. The cub was @ death top. The fre exts hod been lacked and nobody could escape frm the fre. The death penaty has been abolshed n Briain, but seme people want to resnteduce i Key Words for Fluency ~ Itermodiate 9age Verb + age Adjective + age reposition *+ age Age + noun feel your age the average age from the age of 4 age range getto my age an early age atthe age of 16 age gap guess your age an impressionable age over the age of 18 age limit lie about your age a mental age people of all ages look your age your old age ‘mature for your age |. Verb + age Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. When you to my age, you have to start taking things easy 2. He's always looked young, but recently he has started to his age. 3. I'm beginning to ry age.|'m no longer as young as | like to think | am. 4. I think he’ about his age. He doesnt look anywhere near 18. 5. Because of beauty treatments, is difficult to the age of some movie stars. 2. Adjective + age Complete the sentences with the above adjectives |. The three sisters have been singing together from an age. 2. My grandmother is getting a bie forgetful in her age. 3. He's at that ...........age when he's easily influenced by other children at school A, The... ..s++++age of the soldiers who fought in the war was only 18. 5. My brother is mentally disabled. He's 16, but he only has a...........age of 8 3. Preposition + age Complete the sentences with the above prepositions: He left home .........the age of 16 and went to work in London. ‘The competition is open to anyone .........the age of eighteen. Your daughter is very mature her age. He was a fast learner: He could read the age of three, ‘The programme is designed to appeal to people all ages. 4, Age + noun 100 ‘Match the holves |. The drinks are being marketed at a. between me and my older brother, 2. There is a |S.year age gap b. s0 youll need to show some form of ID. 3. The age limit ae the club is 18, «. people in the 20-30 age range. |. Note these expressions: His age wl count against him inthe interview (bea disadvantage) 1 not alowed to sl you leah Youke under oe, 2. Note these opes of age: The vung age was iovered from 21 to 18 to allow younger people to vote in elections. 1 can't wat unt each retirement oge and stop working 3. We use generation’ to refer to diferent age groups: The younger generation smoke les than ther parents di, but they drink more. | wos awore of the generation gop between my porents ond mysel ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatecharacter Verb + character Noun + prep + character Adjective + character reveal your character defamation of character a forceful character transform your character a flaw in your character a likeable character blacken your character a stain on your character a reformed character strength of character a shady character 12 good / bad judge of character |. Verb + character (personality) Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Therapy has .......--.-his character: Hes given up drinking and gambling. 2. Why are you trying to .......-...the Prime Minister’ character? He's not a liar! 3. He's avery private person. He... his true character to very few people. 2. Noun + preposition + character Complete the sentences with the above nouns 1. Anyone responsible for employing people has to be a good ...........of character 2. He's too easly persuaded. He hasn't got the of character to say no, 3. His inability to adm that he's wrong is the only In his character. 4. Being caught shopliing was a terrible (on his character. 5. The model, Zoe Foo, is suing the magazine Goodbye for ...........of character. 3, Adjective + character (person eee Nene the rea 4 eee shady character” Notes |. Jims such a likeable character. 2. Davids a reformed character these days. My neighbour's a bit ofa shady character. a very forceful character. 3. 4 a. Yes, he's stopped drinking and he's gota job. b d ‘Yes; he's really nie, isn't he? ‘Yes, she's used to getting her own way. 1. I know. Nobody has 2 good word to say about him. |. Note the expressions used to describe uncharacteristic behaviour Ins notin is character to hurt anybody. He weuld never delberately ty todo that His behovour was completely out of character He has never acted ke this before. 2, Note these characeer + noun collections 1 gove ny teacher as a character reference on the application frm: Some people argue thet pysical games ike rugby are chorocer building ‘The article on the Director ofthe BBC in todey's oper was a perfect example of character 3. "Character Is also a person in a book or fm George Cloaney plays the central charoter inthe move Perfect Storm 44. Note that we use’personalty’ and not character’ in these expressions He has very outgeng personaly and makes frends very eas. She hos a very warm persona oul enjoy her company ‘Al applicants forthe eb mus undergo a personaly test. Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 101clothes and fashion | Verb + clothes Adjective + clothes Verb + fashion put on your clothes ‘casual clothes be in fashion take off your clothes clean clothes keep up with fashion ‘wear clothes loose clothes {0 out of fashion | pack your dlothes warm clothes ‘come back into fashion make your clothes clothes fit you |. Verb + clothes 2. Adjective + clothes Complete the sentences with the correct farm of the above verbs: |. My sister and I are the same size, so we can each other's clothes, 2. Iineed to ..........-my clothes. Does anyone know where the suitcases are? 3. My mother has a sewing machine and most of her own clothes. 4. Many of us feel embarrassed about ‘our clothes off in front of the doctor. 5. Very tall people often have problems finding clothes to ...........them. 6. You can .........-.your clothes back on now, Mr Smith ve finished my examination. Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: |. If youire travelling in hot climates, wear clothes and light shoes. 2. Ifyou don't put some clothes ‘on, you'll catch your death of cold! 3. went home, showered and shaved, then put on some clothes, 4. Most people who work for large computer companies wear clothes to ‘work. tis unusual to see somebody in a suit and tie “She makes mest of her own clothes” 3. Verb + fashion Notes 102 Complete the verb phrases in the sentences below withthe above prepositions: |. At my age Ive stopped trying to keep ‘wich the latest fashions. 2. Tear green’s ..........-fashion this summer. Last summer it was purple! 3, Flared trousers went ...........0f fashion twenty years ago. They came back fashion two years ago, but now they've gone out of fashion again! |. We have names for clothes worn at certain times. We tlk about school clothes, work clothes and materigy clothes (worn by a pregnant woman). | clvoys change out of my school cthes as soon a | get home. 2. We usualy prefer ‘clothing’ when we talk about clothes that protect against heat, water, machines or dangerous substances We ak about outdoor / waterproof ! protective clothing ‘Aways wear protective cething when handing these chemo 3. "Fathion’is ako used about other things ‘The modern fashion in education ist let the child decide everything! Key Words for Fueney ~ Intermediateappearance Verb + appearance Adjective + appearance Common expressions ‘change your appearance a deceptive appearance a change in your appearance Improve your appearance an outward appearance _ pride in your appearance neglect your appearance your physical appearance similar in appearance Judge people by appearances an untidy appearance self-conscious about your worry about your .. ‘youthful appearance despite appearances, |. Verb + appearance Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs |. That hat cost £500, but it does nothing to ...........her appearance. 2. Stop about your appearance. ou look fine! 3. She has definitely started to her appearance. She looks terrible. 4. We all know that you shouldn't ........... people by appearances. But we all do it! 5. Id never dream of ...........My appearance with plastic surgery, 2. Adjective + appearance Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: |. He has such an ..........--appearance ~ I don't think he ever brushes his hal. 2. Clif has a remarkably appearance. He certainly doesn’t look his age 3. Remember that appearances can be People aren't always what they seem. 4, He maintained an appearance of calm, but inside he was furious. You should have heard what he said after the meeting! 5. In my view, people today place too much emphasis on appearance. 3. Common expressions Notes ‘Complete the sentences with the correct words |. Although in appearance, the twins are entirely different in character, 2. My frend is very ........... about is appearance. He thinks his nose is too big. 3. The British monarchy has no power whatsoever ~ Appearances to the contrary, 4. You need to smarten up! You should take more In your appearance. 5. We were amazed by the ...........-in his appearance. He looked so much better! |. Note how we describe giving a false impression: He gives the appearance of being relaxed but undemeath he's really quite @ nervour person, 2. Note these expressions: ‘My sister spends an inordinate amount of te on her appearance. She's inthe Batroom for hour! | think women tend 1 be more concerned about their personal appearance than men I think whet frst atraced me to him was hi physical appearance 3. Note the expression ‘to all appearances’ which means ‘on the surface’ Taal appearances, he wos eying his birthday party, bt | think he wos jst pretending inorder to please me 4 Appearance can also refer to an actors part ina ply fm oF television programme: Lost nights programme contained one of Bogart’ rae teen appearances, ‘Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermediate 108habit and routine Verb +habit Adjective + habit Verb + routine Noun + prep + form a habit fn anti-social habit have a routir routine break a habit fan annoying habit stick to a routine a break from . kick a habit good habit change your routine a change of routine pick up a habit a disgusting habit get back toa ‘a matter of routine five up a habie upset someone's get out of the habit 1. Developing habits and ending habits ‘Mark the sentences (0) if they mean ‘develop « habit and (E) for‘end a habit: ve tried to stop smoking many times, but | just can't kick the habit. . My brather taught me to drive and | know I've picked up some of his bad habits. My daughter is finding it hard to give up the habit of reading aloud, Try to break the habit of eating snacks between meals. les very important that children form good habits early in life. . ve got out of the habit of practising the piano since I stopped going to lessons. 2. Adjective + habit Complete the sentences below with the obove adjectives: 1 2 3. 4 |. Taking regular exercise is a habie to develop. . Peter has the ... habie of alking to himself while he's working. | chink he's repulsive. He has some «habits ~ lke picking his nose. In many countries today, smoking is now considered an ..........-habit. 3. Verb + routine Complete the sentences withthe correct form ofthe above verbs: I 2 3. 4 5. |. New babies ...........n0 set routine. You never know when they want food or sleep! My mother doesn't like anything or anyone to «cher dally routine, Try csosessss-YOUF exercise routine to include more stretching movements. ‘After my holiday it was actually nice to ........--.back to my old routine. Loccseesssseto/a rigid routine of seudying for 4 hours 2t night. | never change this. 4. Noun + preposition + routine ‘Motch the hives 108 1 2, 3 ‘The bags of all visitors to the art gallery are searched as a. the change of routine. Some of the children were confused by b. a break from routine Why don't you take some time off work? You need ca matter of routine [Note these expressions ry rot the habit of ng to ny friends ting stronger into my apartment. esol right to borrow money eccesionaly, but don't make a habt of We talk about having ‘drug habit’ He started breaking int heute to ance his heroin hab. ‘An exereite routine’ or dance routine’ describes a pardcular set of movements, Note that 2 routine tsk / inspection / dearal checkup’ means a regular one. Koy Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 14 Relationships friend enemy marriage divorce love respect family “Friends ~ reunited” Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 106 107 108 109 110 am 112 105friend Adj + friend ‘Common Verb + friend make friends your best friend expressions become friends approve of your... a dose friend your circle of friends remain friends depend on your... 2 mutual friend family and friends meet a friend fall out with your ... an old friend a friend of a friend visita friend lose touch with a friend from work bring a friend your friends Just good friends 1. Verb + friends Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: btm a friend of mine for lunch at the Carlton Hotel later today. 2. In spite of the bitter argument they had, they the best of frends, 3. Mike and 1...........ffiends at university. 4. I'm afraid Ken's not here tonight. He’ .......... friends, 5. Can Vo. ..sse-+a friend to the party? 6. Henry's the kind of person who doesn't find it easy to friends [Now compete the mult-word verbs in the sentences with the correct preposition: 7. Ive lost touch ........most of my school friends. 8. My parents don’t approve ........my friends! They say they're a bad influence. 9. In times of crisis you know you can depend ......... your best friends 10. They used to be good friends, but they've fallen ........ recently ~ over money! 2. Adjective + friend Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. She says that she and George aren't going out. They're just friends. 2. Heather was my ......-...fflend at school. We did everything together, 3. Wor and | are ..........-friends. We lived next door to each other as kids. 4. He knows a fot of people, but only one or two that he'd call friends. 5. On a Saturday I usually play football with some friends from . 1. +» 6. My wife and | were introduced to each other by a friend, 3. Common expressions ‘Match the halves |. Carol is a very sociable person. She has a. a friend ofa friend, 2. met Helen through ». with the help of her family and friends 3. Roberta managed to recover a wide circle of friends. Note Note these expressions Hild’ fend of mine. ‘tour school reunion pary we drank tot to absent friends What o tebe way 0 weat a friend! We usualy have frends round ona Saturday night fr @ meat ‘Since going to univers, Ive grown apart from many of my oldschool fends. (developed diferent interests) 108 Key Words fr Flueney ~ Intermediateenemy Verb + enemy Adjective + enemy Enemy in war make enemies a biteer enemy attack your enemy hhave an enemy 1 dangerous enemy all your enemy face your enemy a former enemy defeat your enemy an old enemy the enemy advances / your sworn enemy retreats |. Verb + enemy Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. He's such a likeable person. He doesn't seem to ...........an enemy in the world 2. The manager is arrogant. He's +2 lot of enemies since joining the company. 3. I think its better t0 ........+++your enemies than to hide or run away from them. + enemy ‘Match the halves: ‘The two leaders signed the peace agreement. ‘The sisters hate each other: My father and his neighbour are old enemies il never forget the sight of the President Make sure you get on with the manager's secretary. 1, They became bitter enemies after one of them stole the other's boyfriend b, They've been fighting for years over the hedge that separates their gardens shaking hands with his sworn enemy. d. She's a dangerous enemy to have around here! fe. Then the former enemies shook hands for “They uted tbe sworn enemies!” the cameras 3. Enemy in war ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. The soldiers waited unt nghtill so that they could ...........the enemy under cover of darkness. 2. The baste didn’ last long. We eatily ...........the enemy with our superior weapons. 3. We were under orders not t0......-vv+- the enemy, but to take prisoners Notes 4, The enemy advanced 10 kms into our territory, but we eventually forced them © |. Note these expressions: ‘Male divers oe ther ow worst enemy They drive too fast, and to close tothe cain font No wonder they have s0 many accidents! Being stuck in a ft wih 20 people was an absolute righemare. | wouldn't wish it n my worst enemy 2. Inwar the opposite of enemy’ s'aly The lies inthe Second Werld War included Russa, the US, Canad, Austra, New Zelond and Britain. Koy Words for Fluency — Intermec 107marriage Verb + marriage Adj + marriage Expressions with Noun + of + believe in marriage an arranged marriage prepositions marriage rush into marriage a happy marriage related by marriage 25 years of marriage save a marriage a previous marriage sex before marriage offers of marriage disapprove of a... che perfect marriage at the marriage of the basis of a. marriages break son bya previous the break-up of a down / up marriage the announcement. of a marriage 1. Verb + marriage Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. The couple ae trying to .......-... their marrage forthe sake ofthe children 2 She has been very depressed since her marriage down. 3. Your mum and | fel that youre far too young to into marriage. 4. My parents ...........0f my marriage. They think Petes not good enough for me. 5. She said she didn't ...........in marriage, But now she's on her third husband! 2. Adjective + marriage Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Robert has three children — one with Lorna and two from a marriage. 2. I'm sure youll join me in wishing Carol and Keith a long and ........... marriage. 3. There are advantages to 1 -smarriages, but I'd rather choose my own partner. 4, They seemed to have the ...........marriage, so their divorce is a real surprise. 3. Expressions with prepositions Choose the correct preposition: 1. We are related by /n marriage. He is my brother's fatherin-law. 2. My mother doesn't believe in sex before / with marriage. 3. Bill has ewo daughters through / by a previous marrage. 4, We request the pleature of your company at / for the marriage of our daughter Sonia 4, Noun + of + marriage Complete the sentences with the above nouns She moved to another town after the of her marriage {n my opinion, erust in each other isthe . of a successful marriage. The .....+-+0f her marriage appeared in The Times She separated from her husband after 25 ..........of marriage . She’ received several ‘of marriage, and rejected them ll. Notes 1, Note the following ways of saying that a marrige is not going wal [ink ther marige is going through « bd patch Theie marrage son the rocks. can't seit lasing much longer | ink the cidren have put a tremendous stan onthe marige. 2 Note this expression: We've hod afew problems in our mariage, but were both determined to make ogo of i 108 Key Weords for Fluency ~ Itormedtatodivorce Verb + divorce Divorce + noun want a divorce divorce proceedings get a divorce the divorce rate 0 through a divorce a divorce settlement grant a divorce a divorce lawyer end in divorce their divorce has come through |. Verb + divorce Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs 1. I think its far t00 €asy t0 .......+-+++8 divorce nowadays. think it's the reason there are so many one-parent families in this country. 2. I watched my parents ...........through a long, painful and messy divorce. It was a dificult time for my brother and me. 3, fe asad fact that one in every three marriages today ...........In divorce. And you ‘wonder how many others are unhappy. 4, The Church is worried by the increasing number of failed marriages. Over 70,000 divorces were last year 5, jane 2 divorce from her husband, but he won't agree to one. I's & horrible situation to be in. 6. Bill was telling me that his divorce ‘through last week. He says he’s now a free man and has no intention of ever getting married again! 2. Divorce + noun ‘Match the halves: |. As pare of their divorce ‘There's been a dramatic rise in the divorce é : 3 nya ened oss ore 2 4 Wa wl etre wound ° ay ate it ven yr ». proceedings if | continue working till midnight every day. «. settlement, Paul agreed to let his wife keep the house, 4. lawyer! She'll try to get the kids, the house, the car and at least £100,000 a year! "What you need iso {00d divorce lawyer!” |. Note the kind of things that happen ater a dvorce: They remained frends afte thee dvoree After dvorce many worn revert to ther maiden name 2. Note the exprestion: The foc thot he admited hovng on ofl was sufient grounds for vere, ey Words for Fluency —Intermodiato 109love Verb + love Love + noun ‘Common expressions need love love affair madly in love fallin tove. love child love at first sight feel love a love song no love lost between them declare your love your love life ‘rue love your love grows love letcers a mother's love send your love ‘undying love I. Verb + love Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Lt «in love with one of my students, and we were married within a month, 2. He married her to please his parents. don’ think he ........-..any love for her 3. We all know that young children lots of love and affection. 4, At the wedding ceremony the bride and groom their love for each other. 5. Uncle Charlie his love and hopes you'll feel better soon, 6, Were stil very much in love. Infact, our love has .......... Stronger over the years. 2. Love + noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: 1 He's having a love at work. hope his wife finds out and leaves him. 2. Wonderfl Tonight is a classic love written by Eric Clapton, 3, Leame across some old love ...........at the back of a drawer in my bedroom. 4. The love ...........0f the young prince is never out of the papers! 5, Ie’ no secret that he fathered a love ...........With a young actress some years ago. 3. Common expressions ‘Motch the haves: They can't take their eyes off the room, it was love at first sighe! I a 2. When I saw her across b.a mother’s love for her child 3. There's no love lost between them. They can't stand each other: 4. On their wedding day they pledged d.true love this time? 5. Nothing ean be stronger than «. each other: They're madly in love 6. His Itest partner's called Sue. Do you think its f. undying love for each other. Notes. “Unrequited love’ is when you love someone, but they do not return your lve 2. love-hate relationship is when flings frequenty change from love to hate. We aso call this astormy relationship’ 3. We talk about having a great love of things’ but not of people: ‘My father had a great love of music. 4. To'make love is to have sex with someone, "Brotherly lov’ isthe love between two brothers 6, Note this commen expression: Cora aed Jn are obviously head over hel in kove! 110 ‘Key Words for Fluoney ~ Intermodlatorespect Verb + respect Adjective + respect show respect the greatest respect sain respect grudging respect have respect a healthy respect lose respect a mutual respect ‘treat with respect |. Verb + respect Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. As a manager he's a disaster because he doesn’t ...........the respect of his staff If the company wants to succeed, they will need to replace him. 2. les importane that new teachers gain the respect of their students. > Yeah, the job becomes impossible if you ...........the respect ofthe class. 3. The driver shouldn't have shouted at the old lady in thac way. Everyone has aright tobe with respect. 4. [think young people today need to more respect to the older generation. (Offering your seat on a bus to an old person is just one example 5. The Prime Minister has the respect of many leaders all round the world for his attempts to prevent war between India and Pakistan, 2. Adjective + respect Notes ‘Match the holves: |. The new player is not liked, but he’s very talented 2, A successful marriage is based not only on love 3. Although I don't agree with his theories, 4, Don't worry, know what my opponent is capable of and | won't underestimate him. but also on a mutual respect for each other have a healthy respect for his abilities. . Vhave the greatest respect for his ideas. and so he's won the grudging respect of the team [Note the expressions we use to mean ‘showing respect” towards somebody [No ako was served at the dinner, ut of respect fr Muslim customs A minutes sence wos observed aso mark of respect for the victims of the disaster. 2, Note how we describe dsrespect: ‘Many ofthese young men are ou of canto They show a complete Jock of respec for euthority. 2. Note the following formal expression; Si, th all du respec, thik tht you are wrong 4, Note this expression Ne got alt of respect for my gran She lst her husband when she wos young and stil manogd to ‘Bre her family decent upbringing. ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate amfamily Verb + family Adjective + famil Noun + prep + family have a family your immediate family an addition to the family support a family your extended family a friend of the family bring up / raise a family a respectable family a member of the family searea family a single-parent family the brains of the family ‘come from a (large) family a close family the baby of the family the whole family the interests of the family ‘opposition from your .. 1. Verb + family Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs 1. Do you .......0+++3 family? ve got two boys and a girl, from a large family. | have five brothers and three sisters. 3. Many women today successfully combine a career with. up a family 4, Are they planning to «family? | know Jenny loves children 5. People in low-income jobs often find it hard t0 «....++...-theie families. 2. Adjective + family Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. My family has always been very .... [We ring each other and get together alot. 2. Only Diana's «family and closest friends were invited to the wedding. 3. He comes from a very .. family. is father isa judge. 4, AS a boy, | was surrounded by my family, Most of my aunts and uncles lived in the same village. 5. The .....+---+-family had colds last week! 6. Some people think that children broughe up by both parents are less likely to get into trouble than children from families. 3. Noun + preposition + family Notes a2 Complete the sentences withthe above nouns: IL No, he's not a relation, He's just a .........., ofthe family ~ somebody we've known for years 2. She is the sole surviving ...........0f her family 3. Despite sa from her farily, Sue married a man 40 years older than herself. 4, Uear you're expecting a small to the family When's the baby due? 5. Good parents always put the of the family first. 6, Jerry may be the ..........-0f the family, but he’s also the ... of the family. He's just finished his degree at Cambridge University. LL Note the following family + noun phrases 1 koow nothing about his famly background. {have a family history ofheort disease. Ifyou woul ike advice on contraception contact your lool family planning cn. With three young kids, | ca‘ rely join the club becouse offal commitments, 2, Note this expression: Diabetes tends to run inte famiy Sof your mother abet, you might develop later in fe Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 15 The body and the senses head hand heart eye sight view smell taste voice breath sleep and dream “Amold has very acute sense of mel” Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediate 14 ns 16 "7 ng no 124 122 123 124 13head Verb + head Adjective + head ‘Common expressions hi / bang your head a bald head a blow to the head nod your head big head 1 roof over your head turn your head a clear head ‘cover from head to toe shake your head level head pat someone on the head hang your head your head aches I. Verb + head Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: The director ...........her head in approval and told them to go ahead with the plan. 1 2. My mother her head in disagreement. She didn't like the idea at al, 31 iy head on the low ceiling when | stood up. 4. When I woke up, had a fever and my head was , 5. I chought he hadn't seen me, but then he his head and saw me. 6. The children ...........their heads in shame when the teacher asked who had ‘opened the letter on her desk 2. Adjective + head Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Just don'e think about anything else.You'l need a hhead for your history exam today. 2. Tim’s always boasting about how good he is. He has such a. head. 3. You never see him without a baseball cap. He hates showing hs ...........head 4. In this job itis important that you keep 2...........head.If you lose your head, you'll lose the respect of the staff 3. Common expressions ‘Match the halves: |. The woman was killed by a heavy blow 2. on the head 2. My grandfather patted his dog affectionately b. to the head. 3. Some people don't even have a roof from head to toe. 4. Acthe end of the game the players were covered in mudd. over their head Notes |. Note these head for’ expression Let Henry werk out the bil He has 0 good head for figures. (good at counting) 'eauldr't be @ mountaineer. | don’ have @ head for heights. 2. Note these verb + preposition + head expressions: You must be of your head if you thik Dol let you take the cor. (be crazy) | ied to understand te lecure, but most of wen oer nv heed co diffe fr me to understand) ant let fame or sucess goto your head. (think you are mere important than you are) 3. Note these idiomatic expressions we put our heads together, we might come up with a solution zo the problem. (uy together 1 dort wan 0 put ony ideas into your head. infsence your thinking) | wish you'd use your head more often think more corefuly before you do something), 114 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Itormediatehand Verb + hand Adjective + hand Common expressions ralse / put up your hand 2 free hand ddo something by hand ‘wave your hand ‘an outstretched hand be good with your hands wash your hands a steady hand put your hands over your (ears) hold hands your bare hands keep your hands off my (book) join hands ‘capable / safe hands get / lay your hands on (tickets) shake hands dirty | filthy hands tie (his) hands |. Verb + hand Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The ewo leaders .........-.hands when they were introduced to each other. 2 your hand if you think you know the answer to the question, 3. There was nowhere to my hands, so | just wiped chem clean on a cloth. 4. He ‘my hand tightly, but he loosened his grip as he became less afraid, 5. The robbers ‘the shopkeeper’s hands behind his back before escaping. 61 my hand madly to atzract his attention, but he never looked my way. 7. At the end of the party we all ..........-hands and formed a large circle. 2. Adjective + hand ‘Match the two haves: |. There are marks on her dress where she wiped her a, bare hands. 2. He claims that he can kill a man with only his b. safe and capable hands. 3. When | go to work, | leave my child in my parents’ ¢, dirty hands. 4. Hold the baby for a moment, so I'll have 4. outstretched hand. 5. I put a few coins into the beggar's ce. steady hand, 6. If you wane to be a brain surgeon, you need a f. a free hand to open the door. 3. Common expressions Notes Complete the sentences with the correct preposition: I. Rory made al the furniture himself. He's very good his hands. 2. Woollen garments are best washed .........hand and not in a washing machine. 3, We can’t get our hands .........tickets for the Stones concert. 4, I warned her to keep her hands .........my new bike. 5. She put her hands . her ears to shut out the noise of the trafic. |. Note these expressions: | go down on my hands and knees and loked under the sofe When I realsed I had made fol of mse | buried my headin my hands ‘know ths part of town ike the back of my hand. (now very wel Ths tiny television is so small thoi fs into the palm of your hand. Give the singers a big han, odes and gertiemen! (cop to show you enjoyed the show) 2. ‘Hand’ also means ‘help Do you need a hand to pack your shopping? Can you give me a hand to move the bed? (go i aways wing to lend a hand Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 115heart Verb + heart Adjective + heart ‘Common expressions your heart beats a broken heart speak from the heart your heart leaps a cold heart love with all your heart your heart sinks a kind heart learn by heart ‘transplant a heart a heavy heart have a change of heart break (his) heart affairs of the heart from the bottom of your 1. Verb + heart Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: ‘The fallen climber had a faint pulse. His heart was stil tL 2. She .......0++- Robert’ heart when she lee him for another man. 3. My heart «when I heard my uncle was coming to stay. He's such a bore. 4. My heart ..........-¥hen he asked, Will you marry me?’ It certainly missed a beat? 5. Dactors have successfully ..........-the heart of a 30-year-old man into the body of a fifteen-year-old boy. 2. Adjective + heart Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: | My music teacher has a .........-cheart —a real heart of gold 2. | watched him go with a heart. | knew it was the last time I'd soe him. 3, People say that she died of a...........heart 4, He rarely thinks of other people. He has a.......++.,heart—a real heart of stone. 3. Common expressions Notes 116 Complete the sentences with the correct prepostion: |. You could tell from his voice that his speech at the funeral came ......the heart. 2. Hove you .....-all my heart. Will you marry me? 3. For homework we had to learn a poem ......heart 4, Hove you and | mean it ......the bottom ......my heart 5. 6 Youll be pleased to hear Ive had a change ...... heart. 'm giving you a second chance. Barbara Cartland’s novels are mostly about affairs ......the heart. |. Note these expressions [My heart wa my mouth a the Joey come towards us. (was very afraid) 1 could fel my heart pounding with excitement os | went up to the stage to collect my prize [He con seam obit aggresive ot times, but his heart i inthe right place (he means wel | tried to ook interested in the gore we were playing, but my heart wasn't init (| did't realy wont 0 dor) Hove o heart! | need o rest Pease dont make me doit gan! (be sympathetic) 2. ‘Heart’ also describes being determined to do something: She hae tether heart on becoming a dete. Yue doing rely well Keep going youre almost there ~ don't lose heart now. 3. "Heart can also mean centre’ Wie fire right inthe very heat ofthe city, They have a cotge right inthe heart of the countryside. Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediateeye Verb + eye Adjective + eye ‘Common expressions protect your eyes black eye {ze into (her) eyes strain your eyes ‘a close / watchful eye bring tears to your eyes make eyes at (her) the naked eye poke someone in the eye have your eye on (it) sore eyes see (it) with my own eyes keep your eye on (i) have bags under your eyes can't take your eyes off (him) your eyes water I. Verb + eye Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: 1. Dont wry to readin this poor light you'l..........-your eyes! 2 Always wear goggles to ..........-YOUF eyes when using these machines. 3. How do you stop your eyes from ...........when youre cutting Up onions? 4. Could you ..........-an eye on my bags while | go to the toilet? 5. She was so beaueful that | couldn’ ...........my eyes off her 61 my eye on a new car but my wife says we can't afford one. 7. [think she fancies me. She's been eyes at me all day. 2. Adjective + eye ‘Match the two halves: a 1. How did she get that black eye? 2. Make sure you keep a close eye on the children 3. | bathed my sore eyes 4. The comet wil be visible tothe naked eye a. when they go swimming. . with some warm water. 4 You shouldn'e need a telescope to see it Did someone punch her? “I have my eye on @ new cor” 3. Common expressions Note Complete the sentences with the above prepositions: 1. If hadn't seen ie ry own eyes, would never have believed It possible, 2. The pain of the injection brought tears .......-.my eyes. 3. The two lovers were holding hands and gazing .........each other's eyes 4. If you don't got enough sleep, youll get bags ...... your eyes. 5. You'll poke someone the eye with that umbrella if you're not careful Note these expressions hew he was ing because he wouldn't lok me inthe ee. | could beleve my eyes when I opened the letter ond fund o cheque for £10,000. "afta I cant come. up to my eyes in reports tis week. (very busy) ‘Could you try to catch the waiters eye and ge he bil 1 dont see eye to eye with my father on los of things. (nt have the same opinions) Her pangs are very reali She has a g008 eye for deta Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate Wwsight I. Verb + sight Verb + sight Adjective + sight Expressions with come into sight a terrifying sight prepositions disappear from sight a beautiful sight at first sight be hidden from sight ‘a common sight by sight keep out of sight a pretty sight insight lee out of your sight a pathetic sight con sight rare sight cout of sight welcome sight within sight Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. He didn'e leave the pier till the boat had from sight over the horizon 2. The castle .......++.. «into sight as the bus climbed over the top of the hil 3. Don't... him out of your sight. Ics so easy to lose a child in a busy street. 4, We didn't see the sign because it was ........-...from sight behind some bushes. 5, He's ......++.++0UE of sight until his mother has cooled down. She's really angry with him. 2. Adjective + sight Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. After we'd been walking for 30 kilometres, the hotel was 2 ..--..++-+.-ght 2. There can be no more sight than a tiger coming towards you. 3. The huge display of flowers at the flower show was a .....2+++..-Sight 4. The children were a sight ~ starving, frightened and very cold. 5. She's not a sight when she gets out of bed in the morning! 6, Butterflies used to be a sight on farms but the modern use of pesticides has meant that they are now @ sight, 3. Expressions with prepositions Notes 18 Cheese the correct prepositional phrase |. 1 know him on sight / by sight, but I've never talked to him. 2. I went looking for the children, but they were nowhere in sight / out of sight. 3. Don't tempt thieves. Keep any valuables in your car out of sight / within sight. 4, Soldiers have been ordered to shoot rioters at first sight / on sight. 5. The question looked easy at first sight / on sight, bt I found | couldn't answer it. 6. My house is situated by sight / within sight of the school. You can actually see my classroom from my bedroom. |. Note these verb + sight of expressions: [As she stood up, she caught sight of her reflection in he mir They used to be good fend, but row they cont stand the sgh ofeach other (hate each other) 2 Note that ‘ight’ also means the able to see: “He os hsp in an accdent but the doctors managed to restore the sigh of his lef eye ‘As you get older tis important thot you have yur sight checked region. 4, The’zight' of a cy are the places worth seeing Lets spend the doy seeing the sighs. key Words for Fluency ~ intermediateview Verb + view Adjective + view admire the view abird’s eye view geta view a clear view block your view in fll view come into view a panoramic view spoil your view ‘poor view bbe hidden from view a sea view 1. Verb + view ‘Choose the correct collocation: I 2 3. 4 5. 6 Don't stand in front of me — you're blocking / stealing my view. | can't see the stage . | stood near the front co get / take a better view. ‘After a while the fog lifted, and the mountains suddenly came into / arrived in view. ‘We stopped at the top of the mountain pass and admired / watched the marvellous views across the hills and valleys ‘The countryside is magnificent, but the electricity pylons damage / spoil the view. Why can'e they put electric cables underground? You can't see the house from the road because it’s hidden from / lost from view behind a high hedge. 2. Adjective + view Notes Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 2 We had a we were sitting. A pillar restricted our view. The revolving restaurant at the top of the hotel has «..---..-+- views across the city We had a. room. There was nothing blocking our view. The President was shot in ......+..-.View of the public, Hundreds saw the assassin pull out his gun. ‘Weld like co reserve a double room with a . view. please. . From the top of the roof the police had a view of the stage from where view of the castle from our view of what was going on in the street below. Note the adjectves we use to describe a marvellous view: Its along cimb up the mountain but once you ge there the view is breathtaking From our hotel roam we had a spectacular view ofthe New York sine. We got a magnificent vew ofthe coatine from the plone The view ofthe mountans fom aur room was farast Note the following prepositional phrase: There are a numberof paintings by asso on view tthe Tote Galery atthe moment. "View algo means ‘opinion’ You can find information on the collocation for thi meaning in Key Words for Fluency = Upper Incermediate ‘ey Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate “cant see! Youre blocking my view!" 19smell Verb + smell Adjective + smell detect a smell 2 disgusting / revolting smell have a smell a funny / strange smell get rid of a smell an off-putting smell love the smell of a delicious smell smells get worse an overpowering smell ‘smells fil the (air / room / building) a stale smell of the unmistakable smell of a distinct smell of I. Verb + smell Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I 2 2 4. s. 6 hate grilled sardines. They such an unpleasant smell, | wish we could rid of that awful smell in the kitchen. don't know ‘where it’s coming from. {hate it when my mother boils cabbage. The smell ..........the house for days. I .csesssss-the smell of new sheets fresh coffee, and newly cut grass. I think the smell from the toilets is worse. Let’s get the plumber in. could the faine smell of gas when I walked into the house, so I called the gas board immediately 2. Adjective + smell ‘Match the hives Notes 120 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a There’ a funny smell | couldn’ finish my soup. Ie tasted OK, You've been drinking again, haven't you? There was a delicious smell of The next day the stale smell of | couldn't stand the overpowering Did you put your cigarette out properly? ‘There's a revolting smell outside freshiy-baked bread in the small shop. Cigarecte smoke stil clung to my clothes. There's a distinct smell of burning coming from the engine. but the smell was a bit off-putting Ie’ disgusting It must be the drains smell of garlic on his breath ‘There's the unmistakable smell of alcoho! on your breath. Note these smell + verb collocatons: ‘The sel of cuny lingered in the kitchen for days afer we'd cooked ‘The acid smell of burning rubber hung inthe a for doy offer the fire atthe tyre fcr. Note these effects of smells: ‘The smell of my mother’s cooking always makes my mouth water 1 gt very drunk on whisky when I wae 16, and now the mere sme of makes me fel sick. Note that'smell' also describes the ably to notice or recognise smells: Dogs are used to search for drugs because they hve an acute sense of sme Hove a sme of his milk. Do you thine ital ght? In English you don’ feel a smell You smell! The following is correct: What’ thet? I can smell a svange smell But ts more likely that you would sa There’ a strange sme in hee. Key Words for Fiusncy ~ Intermediatetaste Verb + taste Adjective + taste ‘Common expressi improve the taste an authentic tasce share a taste in leave a taste afresh taste acquire a taste for spoil the taste a metallic taste suit your raste take away the taste a strange / peculiar taste a matter of personal taste lose its taste 8 sour / bitter taste a strong taste |. Verb + taste Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. L don’ like black coffee. It bitter taste in your mouth, 2. Don't smoke just before eating ~ you'll the taste of the food 3. Adding some freshly-chopped herbs will...........the taste of the sauce 4. Vegetables ‘some of their taste when frozen. Buy fresh ones if you can, 5. Isucked a mint to away the nasty taste in my mouth. 2. Adjective + taste Choose the correct colocation: ‘The medicine had a biting / bitter taste | prefer bottled beer. Beer from a can usually has a sight iron / metalic taste. ‘Toothpaste leaves a clear / fresh taste in your mouth. ‘Add some soya sauce to give the dish the actual / authentic taste of Chinese food. {ve never eaten Thai food before. Ir has a foreign / strange taste that | don't recognise. Some Italian cheeses have a very severe / strong taste and smell. My mother won't have them in the house! 3. Common expressions Notes “Teste also means what we ke, Match the haves: I. He acquired a taste for whisky 1. [es a matter of personal taste. 2. Although we share 2 taste in books, _b. while he was studying in Scotland, 3. Our organisation has a range of hotels. our taste in music difers. 4. No one colour or style is best. 4-to suit all astes and budgets. |. Note these adjective collocations The sauce had a slighty sweet | iter | say taste. Olives are an acquired taste ~ I hated them the ft tine I vied them 2. Note he preposition that follows che differant meanings of taste I don't ke the tase of oes. She got very expensive tastes ~ paricarlyin clothes! 3. Notefvour’ means the same 25‘tast', bue only Ylvour" is possible in the following sentences: ‘Add flovour to your meal by using more herbs and gore This product is organi. te camtins no oscil colours, flours, or preservatives. We sell 21 diferent flavours of ce cream. 4. Note this usage: The colour of the siting room int to my tat. reférsomething liter ‘Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermediate 12voice Verb + voice Adjective + voice Noun + prep + voice hear a voice mufiled voices your tone of voice lose your voice a loud voice the clarity of your voice lower your voice 1 deep voice at the top of your voice ralse your voice soft voice the sound of your voice recognise a voice whining voice your voice shakes I. Verb + voice Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Thad to. iy voice to make myself heard above the noise in the classroom, 2. Iida your voice, Helen! You sound so different on the phone. 3. The woman's voice ‘as she described the man who had attacked her. 4. We can ‘the voices of the people in the next apartment. 5. Ie is not unusual to your voice when youre suffering from a sore throat. 6. Please ..........-your voices. Keep them down or youl frighten the animals. 2. Adjective + voice Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Margaret has a rather voice for a woman. 2. Henry speaks quietly in a ‘gentle voice — unlike his brother who has the voice of anybody | know. 3. Aunt Hilda is always complaining, but it's her voice that | can't stand, 4, They said the house was empty but could hear ...........voices coming from inside. 3. Noun + preposition + voice Notes ve Match the babes 2 |. Ive never seen him so upset and angry. «J 2. Although he was phoning al the way from Austra 3, His problem is hat he take fr coo much in mesings 4 4. ee hs patronising tone of voice that | ean’ sand . He's too fond of the sound of his own voice. He talks to me as if| were an idiot | was amazed at the clarity of his voice. He was screaming at the cop of his voice |. Note these expressions: There was a hat /nte (touch of sarcasm in her voice. 1 could tele was nervous by the sight tremor nhs oie ‘Our son Peter, wos almost 14 before hs vice broke “Hele! | didn't recognise 2. Note this expression: your vice! You sounded He juz won't stem tothe vce of reason / experince (good advice) Just ke your mother!” 3. ‘Voleeis often sed to talk about opinions Protests are one ofthe most effective way of making your voice heard The commitee represents the vole of the students ‘Key Words for Fluency — Intermediatebreath | Verb + breath Preposition + breath Common expressions | catch your breath ‘on your breath pause for breath hold your breath ‘out of breath ‘take your breath away ‘take a breath in one breath get your breath back struggle for breath under your breath a breath of fresh air (his) breath smells with bated breath 1. Verb + breath Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs 1. How long can you your breath? | can stop breathing for two minutes. 2. I was so short of breath | had to stop halfway up the stairs to ...........my breath, 3. The doctor told me to a deep breath so that he could listen to my chest 4. His breath strongly of garlic. had to cover my nose with my hand. 5. When he got to A & E,his chest pains were worse and he was . for breath. 2. Preposition + breath 3. Common expressions Notes Complete the sentences with the above prepositions 1. Iewas obvious he'd been drinking. You could smell the alcohol his breath, 2. During the meeting he mutcered rude remarks about the chairman his breath 3. He recited the short poem cone breath 4. Iwas completely cof breath after running upstairs. had to sit down for a few ‘minutes to recover: ‘Match the halves: les pretty seuffy in chis room. . He was so excited, ‘We waited with bated breath ‘The beauty of the countryside | needed about five minutes to he talked for 5 minutes, hardly pausing for breath took my breath away. . get my breath back after the run. Shall we go outside for a breath of fresh air? “Twas completely out of breath!” to see who the overall winner was. |. Poople can have bad breath: He can finda gerd becouse of his bad breath 2. We use‘breathing’ to talk about the act of breaching Deep breathing is god fr rloxng your mind and your bed. When I picked up the phone, a! could hear was the sound of heew Breathing. opi, sallow breaching is clesc symptom of an anxiety attack. You can lear to contre! your breathing 3. Note this expression about che weather: There hast Been a breath of wind lf dey Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediate 123sleep and dream Verb + sleep Adjective + sleep Verb + dream Adjective + dream 0 to sleep broken sleep appear in a dream a bad dream et to sleep 1 deep sleep hhave a dream ‘a recurring dream getsome sleep alight sleep wake from a dream a vivid dream [get back to sleep a good night's sleep sweet dreams catch up on sleep disturb your sleep send you to sleep I. Verb + sleep Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. If don't .......+...at least seven hours sleep at night, | feel tired all day. 2. Ive been out late a lot. 'l need to use the weekend to upon my sleep. 3. My sleep was .........-.by the noise ofthe traffic passing the hotel 4. The rhythmic sound of trains always ime to sleep. 5. l couldn't 10 sleep lastnight for worrying about my exams. 6. My younger brother always says his prayers before he «........t sleep. 7. The storm woke me up and | couldn't .......-.back to sleep. 2. Adjective + sleep Choose the corect collocation 1. I mustve fallen into a deep / heavy sleep and didnt hear the phone when you rang. 2. Don't worry You'l fel better after along night’ / a good right’ sleep, 3. After lunch, | often lie on the sofa and allow myself to dri into alight / soft sleep 4. We've had nothing but nights of broken / damaged sleep since the baby was born. 3. Verb + dream Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: |. Have you ever .......+.+-a dream in which somebody is trying to kill you? 2. For some strange reason, you often coos my dreams. Bt «from a dream with a start,and wondered where I was. 4. Adjective + dream Complete the sentences with the above adjectives 1, Our five-year-old comes to sleep in our bed when she has a dream. 2. Uhada dream about my firse day at school. Everything was so clear. 3. Good night and ..........¢reams, Sleep well 4, Uhave this dream in which I'm fying. | have it about three times a week. Notes 1. Note these expressions with slp Her ibis probably due oo lack of seep, I did get wi of sleep wth al the note going on ouside the hotel | cred myself to sleep at night for weeks ofer my boyiend lf me. es nt that Important Don ose ony seep over (dont worry about) 2. Note this expression Every night he elves the horor ofthe crash in his dreams. 126 Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediatefeeling mood Section 16 Feeling and mood happiness and pleasure anger fear and anxiety worry confidence disappointment and relief surprise and shock Mi . a er e: We VY a RIE EEN PN “Now, there's nothing to be affad of ¢ oof Ye Key Words for Fluency - Intermediate 1 126 127 28 129 130 31 132 133 134 125feeling Verb + feelings Adjective + feeling Feeling + of + noun show your feelings a bad feeling a feeling of apprehension suppress your feelings _a sinking feeling 2 feeling of dissatisfaction control your feelings true feelings 2 feeling of loneliness hide your felings mixed feelings 2 feeling of guile hurt your feelings, the feeling is mutual 2 feeling of well-being I. Verb + feelings ‘Complete the sentences with the corec form ofthe above verbs 1. tm sorry if upset you. | didn't relly mean to «2.0... your feelings. 2. She's not afraid £0 .........-her feelings. 3. You cantt.........-.YOUr feelings from me. 've known you far too long. 4. es unhealthy to . -your feelings. So don’t be afraid to cry! 5. Young children find i dificult t0 ...........their feelings. This is something they learn to do later in life 2. Adjective + feeling Choose the correct collocation: |. le was better to lie rather than let everybody know my correct / true feelings. 2. He has mixed / opposite feelings about going back to his home town. He's looking forward to secing his friends again, but he doesn’t want to stay with his parents. 3. [had that falling / sinking feeling in the pit of my stomach. | knew that something terrible had happened. 4, Her careless remarks have caused a lot of bad / poor feeling in the community 5, Jo can't stand Dave, and the feeling is equal / mutual, They totally avoid each other. 3. Feeling + of + noun Complete the sentences with the obove nouns |. Parents can experience deep feelings of if their children fain life 2, People who do yoga benef from increased feelings of. 3. Lremember the horrible feeling of as | waited for my examination results. 4, There is a strong feeling of with the way the government is running the country 5. When my parents left me at boarding school for the first time, I remember being ‘overwhelmed by a deep feeling of .. Notes _I. Note how we describe showing your flings English people are reserved and dont usually rk openly about ther feng. Ses a woman of few words. She expresses her feings though her pantings. ‘Ac times, hve dif puting my feelings int words. 2. Note these noun + preposition + feelings) expressions: She shows o total dsregard for other peopl’ felngs es, she seems totally insensitive to the feengs of thers | was token aback by the strength of feeling of the meeting. He didnt ink I was thot important He spoke with great depth offelng about how kind end helpful they had been to hin 126 Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermediatemood Verb + mood Adjective + mood Mood + of + noun your mood changes a bad mood a mood of despair depend on your mood a good mood a mood of optimism affect your mood in confident mood ‘the mood of the crowd lighten / lift your mood a defiant mood the mood of the occasion 2 festive mood ‘the mood of the time a lazy mood I. Verb + mood Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Why has her mood ........-..80 dramatically? Was it something I sald or did? 2. A phone call from a friend did nothing to ...........my mood. stil felt down, 3. I realy do believe that a full moon can .......+...YOur mood. 4, Ive no favourite type of music. What | listen to .. very much on my mood 2. Adjective + mood 3. Mood + of + noun Notes Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. The players are in mood and expect to win todays game quite easily. 2. Why are you in such a.......... mood? You've been rude to people all day! 3. The workers are in a «mood, and are refusing to accept the new pay deal 4,1 don't fee! like doing anything today.t'm in a bie of a mood. 5. At Christmas, everybody was in a ‘mood, buying presents and cards. 6. My dad is usvally very grumpy, but this morning he woke up in 2 mood! etc he |. Nelion Mande elecion at Presiden crested 2. The film accurately reflects Reaacon ~ 3. There wars mood of epi ebm af \ 5. The mood of the crowd turned nasty and oo 2th sore mood ofthe oceason e b. people started dhrowing stones atthe police 7 eae eedceieu . his fis in anger. raised in anger blazed with anger. pege eee |. Note the verbs we use to describe showing anger: Paycholois say that iis beer to express your anger rther thon let it fester inside you. ‘he roars vented ther anger onthe pole by throwing stones and botes at she. Al the passengers exploded in anger when they leared that tel fight war canceled Het seething with anger ot the way he was treated during his interview. 2. Note the verbs we use to describe controling anger: She hed stored up all her anger agaist him for yeas and eventual she snopped. ‘held back my anger and kepe quiet. | didnt want to ay something I would ltr regret. ‘eos an unfair question but the Prime Minster manoged to suppres is ange. 3. Note this expression Don't rake your anger out on me, had nothing 10 do wih i! ‘key Words for Fluency ~ iformediate 19fear and anxiety Verb + fear Adjective + fear Verb + anxiety Noun + of + have a fear constant fear cause anxiety anxiety confront your fear a deep fear hide your anxiety an effect of anxiety overcome your fear an rational fear reduce your anxiety a level of anxiety show fear a sudden fear increase your anxiety a sign of anxiety live in fear your worst fear |. Verb + fear Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. You have t0 ..........-Your fear in order to conquer it. Now try holding the spider! 2 fear is generally seen as a sign of weakness. 3. Lecsssersssca temmble fear of heights. avoid tall buildings whenever I can. 4, Many old people . In fear of being attacked and never go out at night. 5. Our daughter has her fear of the dark and she can now sleep with the light of. 2. Adjective + fear Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: | My wife has an {fear ofall dogs — which she can't explain 2. Since the publication of his controversial book, the author has lived In ........+-fear of assassination, BA fear gripped me as | entered the meeting. 4. The news that the factory was £0 close confirmed everyone's... +++ fears 5. Many old people have a fear of being abandoned by their families, 3. Verb + anxiety Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. She tried to hher anxiety from me, but | could tell from her voice. 2 Lregret any anxiety | may have... you. Please, forgive me. 3. The smile on the air stewards face did nothing to ... my anxiety 4, Thanks, but you've only my anxiety by reminding me about the speech have to give next week! 4, Noun + of + anxiety Notes 120 ‘Match the halves: |. Ac the dentist, itis not uncommon to experience high 2. signs of anxiety 2. People with stressful jobs often experience the destructive _b. levels of anxiety. 3. During the examination period, many children show €. effects of anxiety. |. Note how we describe the eflecs of fear: The chid stood there, crying ond shaking! wemblng {quaking wth for ‘When the saw the snake, he couldn't move, She was Porajsed with fear. 2. Note how we describe a lot of anxeny: Your husband is suffering from arte fitense anxiety. ‘My 300 has couzed us considerable ansiety over the yor Koy Words for Fluency ~ ntormodiateworry Verb + worry Adjective + worry ‘Common expressions cause / give worry a nagging worry sick with worry discuss your worries ‘he main worry a constant souree of worry forget your worries Unnecessary worry the least of my worries add to your worries a constant worry sy only worry 1. Verb + worry Choose the correct collecation: 1. I love to be able to lie back and just forget / lose all my worries for alittle while. 2. His father's strange behaviour is causing / making him considerable worry. 3. I've got money problems, but when | lost my job it only added to / worsened my worries. 4. Its important that children can discuss / examine their worries with their parents. 2. Adjective + worry Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. There will always be a worry at the back of my mind that if Id acted sooner, the problem would not have arisen, 2. Why didn't you ring and say you'd be late! You've caused us alot of worry. 3. My worry is that in his present state of mind, he'll do something stupid, 4. U chink ie was the ‘worry of the business that drove him to resign. 3. Common expressions Notes ‘Match the halves: Where on earth have you been? Money is a constant source of worry. My only worry is thae What they think of me isthe least of iy worries. have more important things to worry about. We've been sick with worry! I worry about my credit card debt all the time. | won't find a job when I get there. “Where on earth have you been?” Weve been sick with worry?” 1. Note thie useful way of expressing your worries about something: Wie have no worries obou his ably todo the course Its his poor attendance that « problem. 2 Note these expressions: She said that er worries were a thing ofthe past. (She no longer has them) [My fnancil worries have cost me meny sleepless nights. | now wish | had't Borrowed so much. Despite cur warres everything turned out wel. There were no major problems. Wiete going trough o worrying tie atthe moment. My wifes been il and Tve jst Been mede redundant 3. You can describe someone as'2 worry’ ‘Our youngest daughter sabi of @ worry a the moment She no eng. Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 131confidence Verb + confidence Noun preposition+ Losing confidence | sain confidence confidence undermine your confidence have confidence an air of confidence confidence is badly shaken lack confidence a lack of confidence confidence deserts you | lose confidence a boost to your confidence your .. takes a knock boost your confidence a blow to your confidence destroy your confidence Verb + confidence Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: |. Ifyou have an accidents important that you get back ina car as soon as possible, so that you don't...........€enfidence in your ability to drive. 2. He used to be shy but he's «»..-.....-8 lot of confidence since going to school >Yes, he seems to be growing in confidence all the time. 3. Our teacher tried to cour confidence by eling us wed all pass the exam. 4. He ..........-confidence. Ive never known anyone s0 unsure of himself 5. The accident seems to have completely .......+.:his confidence. > Yes. Something like that really shatters your confidence in yoursel. 6. ike Jone, but | don't .........-.the confidence to go up to her and ask her out! 2. Noun + preposition + confidence Complete the sentences with the above nouns: LLL suffer froma ‘of confidence. | blame it on my sheltered upbringing. 2. Falling the exam was severe ...........t0 my confidence. thought Id pass easly 3. My manager's encouraging comments were a to my self-confidence. 4, There is an .......+..+0f confidence about Tiger Woods at the moment. He is so full of confidence that | can't see anybody beating him. 3. Losing confidence Notes 132 ‘Match the halves: After 3 defeats in a row, the team’s confidence a. Try to believe in yourself. His confidence has taken a knock has been badly shaken. Se¥f-doubt can only undermine your confidence. ¢. my confidence deserted me! When | saw the questions in the exam paper, 4, with that bad review of hs book. |. Note these ways of saying you have great confidence in somebody or something: ‘She hos 0 fo of experience and Ihave every confidence inher aby todo the job (Our bank manager advises us on our investments We have complete confidence n hi nancial Judgement For peace of mind a sick person needs to have obslite confidence in thelr doco. 2, Note how we use confidence! to express certainty: [No one can predict with total confidence whet will happen in the futur. 3. "In confidence’ means in secre: on | speak to you in confidence? This i Between you ond me ond nobody else ~ in strict confidence. Ie just won the Lowery! Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediatedisappointment and relief Verb + disappointment Noun + of + Verb + relief avoid disappointment disappointment feel relief be a disappointment aa sense of disappointment sigh with relief tend in disappointment look of disappointment come asa relief express disappointment a string of disappointments hide your disappointment get over a disappointment |. Verb + disappointment Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs 1. The Prime Minister ..........-disappointment at the lack of progress in the talks. 2. Ie a very popular restaurant, so book early to disappointment. 3. I found ie dificult to omy disappointment at not being picked for the team. 4. He didn’t get the job, but I'm sure hell soon .. ‘over the disappointment 5. Falling the exam ...........a bitter disappointment to me. 6. The match in disappointment when we lost two goals late in the closing minutes of the game. 2. Noun + of + disappointment Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. Tl never forget the ‘of disappointment on his face when I told him I couldn't marry him. 2. There was a real of disappointment when we failed to reach the final 3. We've suffered a whole of disappointments this week Nothing seems to bee going right for us at the moment. 3. Verb + relief Notes Complete the sentences with the correct farm of the above verbs: |. When our neighbours left at one in the morning, I........+..an incredible sense of relief | was beginning to think they were going to stay all night! 2. News of the child’ safety as a great relief to all involved in the search. 3. We had to fly through some pretty scary weather over the Alps,and when the plane eventually couched down, many of us... with relief. |. Note these expressions with dsappolntmene ‘Cher had to cancel the concert ~ tthe great dsoppontment of her fans Hingis described the defect os the biggest csopointmene of her tenis career. 2. Note that you can bea dssppoinement to someone: 1m afraid I war 2 deappointment tomy parents. They wanted me tobe @ doctor 3. Note these expressions with ‘rele’ I breathed I et out /Reoved !gove a sigh of ree when the exam fished I don't have to make @ speech when I recene the prize tonight What a reef! Iwas sucha relef to ear that he was safe and wel, ‘Key Words for Fuency ~ intermediate 133,surprise and shock Verb + surprise Adjective + Verb +shock Expressions with ‘get a surprise surprise die of shock shock express surprise a. complete surprise get a shock ina state of shock have a surprise a pleasant surprise get over a shock be in for a shock spring surprise the best possible... come as a shock get the shock of take (re) by a shock wears off (my) life surprise 1. Verb + surprise Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Close your eyes. -..+.s.e--+8 surprise for you! 2 Vevssscee pleasant surprise when I received my wages.{ had a bonus of £100, 3. He vss... Surprise atthe result, Hed expected the workers to reject the desl 4. His announcement about becoming a priest ..........- Sal by surprise 5. She's always organising birthday parties, She loves surprises on people. 2. Adjective + surprise Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. Your letter was a. surprise. We must meet up soon. 2. I wanted the party to be a...........surprise, but a friend let the cat out of the bag. 3. Seeing my sister again was the best surprise anyone could have given me. 3. Verb + shock ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs wt 1 terrible shock when | saw him. He looked so il 2. [nearly fof shock when he came into the bathroom without warning. 3. Once the intial shock off | bogan to get used to my son's blue hair. 4.1 don'e think she'll ever over the shock of losing her husband, 5. The news of the leader’ death ‘asa great shock to the people. 4, Expressions with shock Match the halves |. When | found out who my real mother was, 1. then you are in for a shock! 2. When the young star died, the whole country was in b. | got che shock of my life. 3. Ifyou think its easy looking after a young baby, €. a state of shock, Notes 1. Note che expression come asa complete / no surprise’ 1 hod noida about the holiday. come asa complete suprise t me ecame as no suprise to lear tot she hod fied her exams. She hardy did any work fr them, 2. Note these expressions: To everyone's surprise is prediction of @ long hot summer come tre, ‘Mach to my supose, passed the exam. Imagine our surprise when the brother we had sen fr 20 years walked into the rom! 3. Note the expression ‘ull of surprises Ue’ fll of surprises (unexpected but ic things hoppen tous ol) ‘My brother flo surprises. (lvay dong unexpected things) 134 Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 17 Society government and election 136 vote 137 society 138 justice 139 law 140 “What's Society coming to!” ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 135government and election Verb + government Verb + election _ Expressions with election bring down the government boycott the election a candidate in the election criticise the government hhold the election _gains in the election ‘lect the government. stand for election an issue in the election form the government win /lose the... win / lose a seat in the lead the government rig the election ‘the turnout in the election resign from the government I. Verb + government ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The government was .........+-last year. They've now been in ofice for S months. 2. This crisis could ...........down the government. We could be facing an election. 3. The government is .........-.by a man who couldn't succeed in business. 4. The government has been for not doing enough for the elderly. 5. After the scandal, the minister was forced to .......+... rom the government. 6. Who do you think will ..........the next government? 2. Verb + election Complete the sentences with the correct frm ofthe above verbs 1. The military government promises co ......-----democraic elections within a year 2. The Labour Parcy ..........-the election by a huge majority. 3. A number of partes are threatening to .......... he forthcoming election because they don't believe that i wil bea free and far one. 4. In 1967 Lyndon Johnson decided not to for election as President. 5. United Nations observers reported that the elections in the country were by che ruling party to ensure that they would be returned to power. 3. Expressions with election Complete the sentences with the obove nouns: |. Unemployment will be one of the big in the next election, 2. A number of well-known politicians lost their in the general election 3. The Green Party continues to make big in local elections. 4. There was a low in the local elections. Only 15% of people voted 5. He's been selected by the local branch of the Liberal Party as their .........-.im the next election. Notes Note the diferent kinds of government in che sentences below: ‘The people have been promised a demecratcalyeected goverment but the country’ mary rulers have yet to set an eecton date In Briton there is «wend toward taking power awoy fom central goverment and ving more to local ‘government 2. Note the following election + noun phrases The government has fled tofu selection promises Theres no doubt in my mind thatthe meda ployed an important port in the election campaign, 136 Koy Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatevote Verb + vote Adjective + vote Noun + of + vate Common have the vote the casting vote thousands of votes expressions ‘astyour vote the popular vote a share of the vote take a vote on (it) count the votes a single vote the result of the... put it to the vote win votes vote is unanimous the majority of the a yote can go votes (egainst you) |. Verb + vote Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: |. The Prime Minister conceded defeat before all the votes had been 2. There are some countries in the world where women still don't the vote 3. Lowering the rate of tax before an election is a sure way of votes 4, The front page of this morning’s paper shows 2 picture of the new President his vote in the countrys first free elections for 30 years. 2. Adjective + vote Complete the sentences below with the above odjectves: |. There were ten votes in favour of the plan, ten against, with three abstentions. ‘The chairperson, with the vote, voted for the proposal. 2. The vote was ........... . Nobody voted against the proposal. 3. The socialists can no longer be sure of the .........+.¥ote, Most ordinary people fee! that the party has failed to fulfil is election promises. 4. The result couldn’ have been closer: The bill was passed by a........-..¥Ot®. 3. Noun + of + vote 4. Common expressions a Note Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. The ruling democratic party received the ..........0f the votes and were re-elected. 2. This will not be a popular policy. le will cost the government ..........-0f Votes. 3. The of the vote will be announced in parliament tomorrow. 4, The Labour Party hope to take a larger of the vote than they did ast time. 2. All those in favour, raise your hands. b, and he had to step down as leader. . [think we should take a vote. Sina Pied cong ba vo Note these expressions The motion to gon strike was carried | passed by 400 votes to 67. The proposal to change the rues wos narroniy defeated by (20 votes to 118 Parloment approved the us of mary force by 2 marin of 450 vetes to 340, Democracy ress on te principle of one person ane vote. Key Words for Fuency - Intermediate 17society Verb + society Adjective + society Noun + prep + society ‘create a society an affluent society a cross-section of society destroy a society a cvilsed society a member of society live in a society ‘an open society a danger to society drop out of society ‘an industrial society a role in society integrate into society a multicultural society |. Verb + society Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. U think we now ina society that values money more than people. 2. He gave up his job and .....,....-0Ut of society. He's now living on the streets 3. We need to take stronger action against drug use. I's ........... our society 4. We all need to work together to fair and just society. 5. The government has set up a number of resertlement programmes to help new immigrants into sociery 2. Adjective + society Complete the sentences with the obove adjectives: |. Many people believe that the death penalty has no place ina .......+++.s0ciety 2. Large numbers of immigrants have come to Britain, making it @++..++++... 80clety 3. In today's ...........society people are becoming less content with their lives. This I yet another indication that money does not always bring happiness 4. ke to think that ive in an ...........Soeiety where | can express my opinions. 5. In order to protect the environment, modern ...........Societies need to reduce the amount of energy they use. 3. Noun + preposition + society Notes 138 Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. We must remember to consider the needs of the older ...........0f soclety 2. Today women are playing an increasingly important ...........in society, 3. The judge described the murderer as a...........t0 Society and sentenced him to ‘twenty years in jail 4. The demonstrators came from a complete .........+..0f society ~ male and female, black and white, old and young, rich and poor. |. Note these expressions Coupes who cannot have chlren often fel excluded fiom the rest of sain. People tend t look upon drug adele asthe reg of sce (worthless) 2. Note how we use socety’to refer to people: Society i deeply dided on the tue of abortion 3. "High sociegy’ refers to the group of people who are rch and powerful in a county ‘A’consumer society’ one in which people are frequently encouraged to buy new things 4. A'sociny can also be a club or an association The local Fok Song Society mects on Tuesdays. | support the work ofthe National Society for the Prevention of Crucy to Chien. ‘Koy Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatejustice Verb + justice Noun + preposition + justice demand justice a fight for justice | escape justice a miscarriage of justice fight for justice a sense of justice uphold justice a travesty of justice bring someone to justice deny someone justice I. Verb + justice ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Although unhappy with the court ruling, Mrs Sheldon will continue to for Justice. She said that she would not rest until she had cleared her son's name. 2. Some criminals use their political connections to justice, We need to get Fid of this kind of corruption, 3. We will not rest until we ‘those responsible for this crime to justice. 4. Soldiers exposed to radiation during nuclear bomb tests have been ...........justice far too long. Compensation to the victims should have been paid years ago. 5. 1&5 up to the courts £0 .........+-justice. People shouldn't take the law into their ‘own hands. 6. Crowds of angry protestors gathered in the streets... lustice for the Innocent victims of the bombing. 2. Noun + preposition + justice . Notes Complete the sentences with the above nouns: 1. We appealed to his of justice and fairness. 2. They claim that they are victims of a of justice, and they are demanding a retrial 3. The rest of the workorce came together to support their colleague in his for justice. 4, The press described the verdict as a of justice. Many feel that killing s there no justice” somebody as a result of drink driving deserves a prison sentence and not a fine. 1. Note these expressions Yet tn yer npr fr coming part hc ate byw ec fo ‘Many people ro longer ove confidence inthe criminal usc system. Justice must not just be done ~ it must be seen tobe dene! ‘Where f the juice in thi wold 2. In 2.2 the expression miscarriage of justice’ means that a decision has been made which Is nti. ey Words for Fluency — Intermediate 139law Verb + law Law # verb Preposition + law Noun + prep + law break the law the law applies above the law aa change in the law change the law the law prohibies against the law respect for the law introduce alaw the law requires under the law an infringement of enforce the law the law states, within the law the law obey the law by law an interpretation of the law: 1. Verb + law Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: |. The main role of the police force is to uphold and the law. 2. Should you do what you think is right even iit means the law? 3. I think speed cameras are effective in getting drivers to the law. 4. The government is 1 law to reduce the hours worked by Junior doctors 5. The government is coming under increasing pressure to ...........the law on the use of sofe drugs like cannabis. Many people believe the present law is out of date. 2. Law + verb Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The law the sale of alcohol to people under the age of 18. 2. The new law will equally co men and women. 3, The law ........-+-that everyone has the right to practise their own religion. 4, In the UK the law all motorcyclists to wear crash helmets 3. Preposition + law Choose the correct preposition: |. You're obliged by / in law to notify us of any change in your circumstances. 2. The star was fined for speeding just lke you or me, Nobody is above / over the law. 3. tis against / below the law to leave young children alone in the house, 4, We all have basic human rights that are recognised from / under international aw. 5. The MD claims his company is operating entirely inside / within the law. 4, Noun + preposition + law Note ‘Match the halves: |. Many people have voiced concern over 1. often go unpunished. 2. Minor infringements ofthe law b. the proposed change in the law. 3. Some young people today show .difering interpretations of the law. 4, The dispute Is based on ia total disregard for the law. [Note the verbs ured in hese expressions to mean breaking the law’ [eis a welbknown ft tht motorists regularly flow the low Restaurants that woot hygiene laws wil be heey ned The penates for contravening the employment lows re very serious He tok the law into his own hands and attacked the diver who had kled his son ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 18 Crime and punishment crime and criminal offence, offender and victim arrest and charge (criminal) evidence trial and verdict sentence and fine punishment and prison “Now ofcer, | know whet youte thinking, but have « perfect good explanation” ‘Koy Words for Fluency ~ intermediate 142. 143, 144 145 146 147 148crime and criminal Verb + crime Adj +crime Noun + prep+ Adj + criminal fighe erime (@) petty crime crime a common criminal cut crime (@) serious crime life of crime a convicted criminal solveacrime terrible crime che war on crime a hardened criminal ‘commic a crime violent rime the scene of the... known criminal be charged with a... the victim of a. be convicted of a. : Verb + crime Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: |. The prisoner has ..........-several crimes, including murder. ‘The government hopes to -.....-...-Serious crime in the inner cities by 30%. To ssseesseestrime effectively, we need more police officers on the streets He was of ive separate crimes and sentenced to 10 years in jal He was taken to the police station, but he hasn't been .. ‘with any crime yet. 5. The police hope to ‘this crime with the help of the general publi 2. Adjective + crime Choose the correct adjective: 1. Aggressive / Violent crime is a growing problem in the city’s parks. 2. Alot of police time is spent on small petty crime instead of severe / serious crime. 3. Terrorists are believed to have been responsible for this extreme terrible crime. 3. Noun + preposition + crime Complete the sentences with the above nouns: I. Ina recent report the police claim to be winning the ...........0n crime 2. In some cities, poverty condemns some young children t0 a ...........0f erime. 3. Two people saw the murderer running away from the «of the crime. 44, The chances of being the ‘of a crime are much higher if you live in a city. 4. Adjective + criminal 142 ‘Complete the sentences withthe above adjectives: L Hes a criminal ~ he's been in and out of prison all his lif. 2. Thad done nothing wrong, but | was treated lke 2 criminal 3 criminals ~ as soon as they are found guilty ~ should not sell their stories, 4, The police have evidence that he's been associating with criminals 1. Note these expressions ‘Many odds turn to crime to support their dug hobie. Everyone wants the government to get rough on crime. 2. Note the following rypes of crime: |wenile or under-age crime ~ crime committed by young people ‘organised crime ~ organisations lke the Mafa that comm crimes. 3. Note chese crime + noun callocations: The crime rte the ty has risen alarmingly over the pos yea. ‘Acre wave i sweeping the county The atest crime gues show 0 rise in vlet crime. ey Words for Fluency ~ Intermediateoffence, offender and victim Verb + offence Adj+offence Adj+ offender Adj + victim ‘commit an offence your first offence a first-time offender an easy victim rmake it an offence a capital offence a persistent offender an innocent victim charge with an... aminor offence a sex offender a murder victim be convicted of an... a serious offence the worst offenders be fined for an . |. Verb + offence Complete the sentences withthe corect form ofthe above verbs: |. Javid Khan has .........--me offence under Brish law and shouldbe freed 2. Drivers willbe .......-..-0n the spot for motoring offences such as speeding 3. The cwo tourists were ...........0f drug offences and immediately deported 4. The law ican offence to take a sharp object onto an aeroplane. 5. The fans arrested yesterday have been “With public order offences. 2. Adjective + offence Choose the corect collocation: |. thoughe the punishment was extremely harsh for such a minor / small offence. 2. Giving false information to the police is a major / serious offence 3. As it was her first / intial offence, she was let off with only a caution 4, Selling drugs isa capital / death offence in some countries. Ie caries the death penalty 3. Adjective + offender Complete the sentences with the above adjectives 1 Hea offender. He's been arrested ten times this year for shoplifting 2. As she was a cffender the judge did not send her to prison. 3. When it comes to speeding, most of the offenders are young men. 4. ASA ..sesss++s Offender; he was separated from other prisoners for his own safety 4, Adjective + victim ‘Motch the haves: 1. Police say that the murder victim 2. Tourists on the underground are 3. Who will compensate a. easy victims for pickpockets. b. the innocent victims of violent crime? ¢. had been shot at close range. ce “Parking on double yellows Notes I. Note there expressions iso serious offence” Its an offence ro park on double ylow lines. He aso long record of revs conto for drug oflences In most sexalefences, the attacker is known tothe wm The judge gave him the maximum posse sentence inorder to dscourogesilarefences 2. A young offender’ is someone who has commited a crime, but i not old enough tobe treated as anadule bythe courts, Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate aarrest and charge (criminal) Verb + arrest Adjective + arrest Verb + charge Expressions with escape arrest close arrest deny a charge charge make an arrest house arrest face a charge be arrested on a charge resist arrest wrongful arrest. _provea charge plead gullty to a charge lead to an arrest press charges be cleared of a charge appear in court on a I.Verb + arrest Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: LL The police ........... several arrests, following the discovery ofa large haul of drugs. 2. A reward has been offered for information .........++t0 the arrest of the kidnappers. 3. The businessman, Yore Idal, has left the country to ...........arrest for tax evasion 4. Ten hooligans have been charged with violent behaviour and so arrest 2. Adjective + arrest Complete the senences below with te above adjectives |. The President has been placed under ...........arrest. He can't leave his palace. 2. He is under arrest Two policemen are always at hs side. 3. A tourist is suing the police for arrest during a rit in central London. 3, Verb + charge ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: I, Aitken goes on trial next week to ‘wo charges of armed robbery. 2. With al chis new evidence against him, | can't see how it's possible for him to ‘the charges against him. I's obvious he's guilty! 3, According to his lawyer, these fraud charges will be dificult to in court 4, The police announced they would not be ..........-charges.and Adnan was released 4, Expressions with charge Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs: 1. The youth .........- Quilty t0 ewo charges of theft and three motoring offences, He asked for several more charges to be taken into account. In coure. the three protesters were ofall charges and released. He was fon a charge of assault and taken to the local police station. “The businessman, Lesley Muller. is due t0 ...........in court on charges of fraud. Notes I. Note these expressions with arrest The court has issued a warrant fr hi ores The husband ofthe dead woman is under aret on suspicion of murdet, 2 A‘ekizers arrest’ is when a member ofthe public, not a police officer. arrests somebody. 3. Note these expressions with ‘charge’ He soe he's been arrested on otrumedup charge He clans the police planted the drugs on him A number of erests were made but al detainees were later released without charge 144 ‘Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermediateevidence Verb + evidence Adj + evidence Noun # of + evidence have evidence false evidence a shred of evidence destroy evidence circumstantial evidence _the lack of evidence gather evidence ‘overwhelming evidence in the light of the evidence five evidence withhold evidence ‘Common expressions the evidence points to there is no evidence that the evidence proves used in evidence I. Verb + evidence Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Prosecutors believe they .........--enough evidence to convict Jones of the crime. 2. Iwas one of many witnesses called to evidence atthe trial 3. The journalist was sent to prison for ‘evidence and obstructing the course of justice, He had refused to give vital information to the police. 4, Detectives spent months evidence against his illegal gambling activites 5. The drug dealer tried to ‘the evidence by fushing ie down the tolet. 2. Adjective + evidence Complete the sentences below withthe above adjectives: |. She was charged with perjury — giving ‘evidence in court. 2. There was no way he could maintain his innocence. The evidence against him was 3. The evidence is strong, He was the only person in the building when the money was taken. 3. Noun + of + evidence ‘Match the two halves: |. Lack of evidence meant 2. to support his alii. Nobody will belive him. 2. In the light of the new evidence, _b, that the police had to release him. 3. There isn'ta shred of evidence «. he couldn't deny the charges against him. 4, Common expressions ‘Match the haves: 1. All the evidence points to suicide. 2. The documents may be used in evidence 3. The evidence proves beyond any doubt 4. There was no evidence that a. either driver had been drinking b. It looks lke she took her oven life. . at the tial 4. that the defendanc is gully Nowe [Note that we use evidence to tak about other topics such as heath Scientists have shown that there i lear evidence of a link benveenexercse and a heatly hear. ‘We have compeling evidence ofthe heal sks posed by the use of pstiades on frat. There comincng evidence that eating @ Ile con help you tole lnge. There's endence tht people who dink a glass of red wine a doy are les kay to develop heort disease When the doctors examined hin they found no evidence of infection. Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 145trial and verdict Verb + trial Noun + prep+ Expressions Verb + verdict await tal trial trial reach a verdict | receive afair trial the right to atrial throughout the trial return a verdict of guarantee 2 fair tral the costs of the ... without trial appeal against the stand eral the conduct ofthe ... the trial collapsed bring to trial the tral ended in. fo on trial Verb + trial Complete the sentences with the corect form of the above verbs: 1. The prisoner claims that he did not ......+++++a far trial 2. The terrorists were finaly 1t0 trial three years after the hijacking. 3. Doctors declared that the prisoner was perfect fit to... rial 4, Hes in prison, ‘rial for murder. 5. Because of all che publicity he claims that he will not be sa fair ei 6. A 25-year-old man has on trial, He accused of murdering his girlfriend 2. Noun + preposition + trial Complete the sentences withthe above nouns: 1. Under British law, everyone has the 0 fale tral 2. The newspapers attacked the judges and their of the trial 3. If he foses the coure case, he will have to pay the fll...........of the tral 3. Expressions with trial 7 “The trial ended in ( The tal eolped “The provesters were thrown into jal | C3 ‘ty Sh z She maintained her innocence without a rial. throughout the tril. the acquittal of the defendant. J. afver a witness admitted Iing “in prizon awotting wel” 4, Verb + verdict Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs: 1. After three days the jury had still not averdice 2. He maintains his innocence and he'll certainly against the guilty verdict. 3. The jury in the Rodham murder trial... a verdict of not guilty. Note ‘A coure is where tras take place: Thee people will appear in court todo, charged with possessing explosives. ‘The miner threatened to take the newspaper to cour f they ddetpublsh an immediate opalogy. ‘The police admitted that they did't have enough evidence to Bring the case to court. 148 ey Words for Fiuency ~ Intermediatesentence and fine Verb + sentence Adjective + sentence Verb + fine defer sentence a life sentence carry a fine pass sentence a light sentence face a fine receive a sentence a lenient sencence geta fine reduce the sentence a stiff sentence get away with a fine serve a sentence a suspended sentence _ impose a fine pay a fine I. Verb + sentence Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. His father i in Wandsworth Prison, a five-year sentence for burglary 2. In court today he. a long prison sentence for armed robbery. 3. We will be appealing to the court to his prison sentence to a fine. 4. The judge has. sentence until he receives medical reports on the defendant. 5. The accused has been found guilty. The judge wil sentence later today. 2. Adjective + sentence Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: IL The woman was given a one-year sentence for assaulting her neighbour. 2. He will serve a...........sentence for the murder of his wife. n the past that meane ‘what i said, but today it usually means something between 10 and 20 years. 3. He got off with a fairly sentence because it was his first conviction, 4 Rapists should be given ...........prison sentences. The ones they get now are far 00 3. Verb + fine Notes Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Someone who mugs an old lagy away with only a fine. Is that justice? ‘The offence ...........a maximum fine of £500. However, the usual fine is £50. U had t0 ......-+...2 £30 fine when | got a parking ticket yesterday. ‘Tougher fines are to be ‘on companies who ignore safety regulations. 1.21.42 fine for parking on double yellow lines. Taxpayers who fall to send in tax forms will an automatic fine of £150, |. tm 2-1 a‘suspended sentence’ when the person is gulty, but allowed to go free. I they commit another crime inthe next year they auromatlaly go to prison 2. Note the adjectives we use to describe fines If fund ety, he faces six month nal and heavy! hey suff substantial Fre, The coun has inroduced onthespet fines of £50 for people caught dropping Ite tobe pad immediate) 3, Note the verb phrases we ure to describe being punished light Instead ofa prison sentence, he got of wih! got away with | wos lt off wih excoped wth smal fie 4. Note the expression: Offenders wil be Hable to fines of upto £500. Key Words for Fluency = Intermediate “7punishment and prison Verb + punishment Adj+ punishment Verb + prison Prison + noun deserve punishment capital punishment go to prison a prison cell escape punishment barbaric punishment send to prison prison sentence receive punishment harsh punishment escape from... prison conditions lenient punishment release from... the prison service the .. population 1. Verb + punishment Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above vers 1. Thave no doubt that he’s guy and | hope he gets the punishment he 2. What sore of punishments did you for misbehaving at school? 3. You were lucky to Punishment. had to scrub the graff off the wall. 2. Adjective + punishment ‘Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: |. Most European countries have abolished ........... punishment. 2. The electric chair is considered @ form of punishment for a civilised ‘country to be stil using inthis day and age. 3. He claims that there is little evidence that ........... punishments actually deter criminals any better than more .....+++.+-0N€S 3. Verb + prison Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. He was ..........t0 prison for armed robbery 2, She has such strong beliefs that she's even prepared to .........--t0 prison for them, 3. He was ......++0.ffom prison after serving only two years of a six-year sentence, 4. Three dangerous criminals ...........from a high security prison last night. 4, Prison + noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. He received a 10-year prison {or attempting to hijack a plane. 2. Prison ..........-8re appalling. Up to six prisoners are being held in prison . 1 designed for one. 3. Britains prison ...........continues to rise. As a result, the prison is now being stretched to its limits. Notes 1. Note these expressions with punishment “He was Sent to his oom os « punishment for not eating his ier The judge sod the punchment would serve as a warning to other | beleve thatthe punishment should fi the crime. 2. Note these expressions with prison ‘Matthews fces up t0 24 years in prison if convicted The ude ordered the polician to serve atleast 3 years in prison, Some people think that people who abuse chien shouldbe sent to prison forthe rest of ther es 148 Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 19 Conflict war peace attack defence bomb and explosion casualty weapon and gun dispute and strike campaign and demonstration “I always think that atack isthe best form of defence” Key Words for Fluency = Intermediate 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 uawar Verb + war Adjective + war Noun + of + war be at war a civil war the horror of war declare war 1 conventional war an outbreak of war prepare for war full-scale war a prisoner of war prevent war a futile war the threat / risk of war ‘win / lose a war a nuclear war war breaks out |. Verb + war Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. The government has .........-,war on drug dealers as from today. 2. The UN is doing everything it can to. war between the two countries. 3. They "the war, but it cost millions of lives and ruined the economy, 4. Billons are being spent on weapons and arms as the country for war. 5. While the men ...........away at war, many women went to work in the factories. 6, Peace lasted in Europe for over 20 years before war .........-. out again in 1939 2. Adjective + war Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: IL There are fears that this minor border dispute could escalate into a ... war, 2, Some people say that the scars left by ...........-War never heal. 3. Fe will bea long and war. Neither side will achieve anything by it 4. There is always the frightening possibility that what begins as a war could ‘easily become a one. 3. Noun + of + war Notes 160 ‘Match the wo halves: |. British nationals were advised to leave the country, 9. Thousands of prisoners of war were kept in camps and 3. Couneres justify having nuclear weapons by “Today, television can carry the full horror of war directly into our homes. 3. subjected to inhuman treatment. claiming that they reduce the threat of war. 1. following the outbreak of civil war |. We use the verb rage’ co describe ferce fighting The war, which has been raging i the mountains, hes areody coimed thousands ftv 2. In I-1 war ie used to describe an attempt to deal with crime. Ie can be used in these situations: The government hat declared war on corruption. The police wil continue to wage war on organized crime Castors offal belcve that they ae wining the wor against drug smogeng. ‘The World Hea Organization is constantly woging wor on malaria. 3. A’price war’ is where businesses compete to attract customers by lowering prices When petrol companies engoge ino rice wor, good news forthe motor 4. Inthe lace 1960 Make love not war" was a popular antiwar slogan ‘key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatepeace Verb + peace Peace + noun Noun + prep + peace bring peace ‘a peace campaign a commisment to peace make peace a peace treaty hopes of peace live in peace the peace process a period of peace work for peace peace talks «plea for peace keep / preserve the peace a symbol of peace threaten world peace a threat to peace I. Verb + peace Complete the sentences with the corect fom ofthe above verbs: 1. AUN force isin the area t0.....+..+..the peace between the two ethnic groups. 2 He tirelessly for world peace and received the Nobel Prize in 1978 3. We hope the signing of the treaty will peace and sabiltyto the region 4. Let's hope that the two communities can learn to together in peace. 5. Spain and France .......---+.peace in 1659 after a war lasting 25 years 6. This small war creates a dangerous situation which could world peace 2. Peace + noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: I. Peace ........... between the two sides ended in deadlock last month, 2. After years of war, the peace was signed last month. 3. These latest kllngs are the work of people trying to de-rail the peace 4, The peace ‘starts in earnest this weekend with a big meeting in Paris 3. Noun + preposition + peace Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. The war was followed by a long of peace and prosperity, 2. Terrorism constitutes a very real : 10 world peace. 3. The dove is often used as the of peace. “Whenever I watch the seting sun, always 4. At Easter, the Pope made a passionate feel at peoce with myself and the worl” for world peace. 5. In his speech, che President stressed his .. to world peace. 6. These suicide bombings seem to have ended any of peace Notes I. Note how we describe how long we think the peace wil ast This agreement ofes the possiblity ofa lasting peace inthe Bakans A frog peace exits between the two sides, bu further fighting could break out o any tne. 2 ‘Peacedoving’ describes people who do not want war: ‘They area peaceloving nation and wll vod war at al oes. 3. We also use peace to describe felings: As | watched the seting sun fo at peace with mysof and the wo. ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 181attack Verb + attack Adj+attack © Noun+of + ‘Types of attack carry out an attack a devastating attack attack a knife attack come under attack a savage attack the ferocity of an... @ bomb attack launch an attack a surprise attack the target of an... an arson attack repel an attack an unprovoked... the possibilty of... a racial attack protect against. a nuclear attack claim responsibilty for an. I. Verb + attack Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs 1. The city has under attack from both land and air 2. Police believe that a lone gunman ........---out the attack on the President. 3. Police are at the factory gates to ‘workers against attacks from pickets. 4. The defenders managed to the frst attack without losing any men. However, they expect the rebel army to ......-...-further attacks in the days ahead. 5, An unknown rebel group has responsibility for yesterday's bomb attack. 2. Adjective + attack Complete the sentences with the obove adjectives: 1. Accs. cattack caught the guards sleeping and they were quickly overcome. 2 Rioters with machetes brutally hacked to death 30 villagers in a ......++-, attack. 3. In court, he claimed he was a vietim of an .........--attack by the police, He says he was minding his own business at he time and doing nothing wrong, 4, The enemy surrendered after a attack by B-52 bombers 3. Noun + of + attack Complete the sentences withthe above nouns |. The police are on red alert against the of further terrorist ateacks 2. The sovsseose-v0f the ataek was the police headquarters in the centre ofthe city. 3. The police were shocked by the ~of the atack on the old woman, 4. Types of attack ‘Match the haves: |. Ten classrooms were destroyed in a. left one Leeds supporter dead. 2. Refugees are often the victims of bi. a car bomb attack 3. Fifty civllans were killed in «. the arson attack on the school. 4, Today. the threat of 4, racial attacks. 5, Tensions are high after knife atcack ‘e, nuclear attack has almost disappeared. Notes 1. We also use‘atack to refer to health problems: He suffered an acute atack of fod-pasning oftereoting some leftover chicken (ne ofthe passengers had o heart arack and had tobe rushed to hospital, 2, We also use attack’ to mean ‘rier’ The eppostion mounted a scathing atack on the governments handing of education ‘The newspaper launched o personal attack onthe President, cloiming he was unfit fr ofce. 12 key Words for Fluoney ~ Intermediatedefence Verb + defence Adjective + defence Common expressions break through a defence an effective defence do something asa defence strengthen your defences a strong defence spend money on defence come to the defence of |__ a vigorous defence leap co your defence defences are overwhelmed speak out in your defence a form of defence I. Verb + defence Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. We have been .........--0ur border defences in case of attack 2. Heavy seas through the coastal defences during last week's storms. 3. The patient dies when the body's natural defences are ..........-by the virus “4, When I was attacked, passersby ...........80 my defence and the mugger ran away. 2. Adjective + defence 3. Common expressions Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. The team’ gota ..........-defence but no attack We badly need a goal scorer! 2. The PM launched into a defence of his decision to go to war, 3. Some people say that humour i. a more ...........defence than violence. So don't hit your enemy, cll him a joke! ‘Match the halves: 1. When | was wrongly accused of causing the disaster nobody spoke out 2. The villagers’ only form of defence against the soldiers’ guns Huge amounts of government money are spent When the boss criticised my work,a friend leapt The town walls were built as a defence 3 4 5. ‘a against enemy attacks, b. 4 con defence. was sticks and stones. in my defence. to my defence “Would you tin your country's defence?" |. Note the kind of things we defend ‘Would you be prepared t fight in defence of your country? ‘Thousands of yourg men gave their Ives in defence of freedom. 2. Note the expression ‘sef-defence’ ‘She cams tht she killed him n se defence, 3. Note how we talk about health matters using ‘defence’ The immune system ithe body’ defence ogaine infection Toking cod vero supplements so good defence opcnet cold ‘Key Words for Fiuency ~ Intormodiato 153bomb and explosion Verb+bomb Bomb +noun Verb + explosion Noun + of + make a bomb bomb attack cause an explosion explosion detonate a bomb a bom hoax hear an explosion a series of explosions | | plant a bomb 2 «disposal expert explosions shake drop a bomb ‘explosions shatter throw a bomb ‘bombs explode / go off I. Verb + bomb Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: 1. The newspaper received an anonymous tip-off about where the bomb had been and police raced to the location. Wf the ear bomb had during the rush hour, it would have killed hundreds. US planes ‘thousands of bombs on the city during the war. The army believe a remote control device was used to .......+.+.the ear bomb. Rioters petrol bombs in clashes with police lat night . Experts believe the country has enough uranium to ........++-8 nuclear bomb. 2. Bomb + noun ‘Motch the haves |. A bomb hoax forced a. the bomb attack on the embassy. 2. Bomb disposal experts have defused _. the police to evacuate the building, 3. The police suspect him of earrying out ¢. a massive bomb at the railway station, 3. Verb + explosion ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs 1. A huge explosion buildings and ........... windows, 2. A.coure of inquiry has been set up to investigate what ...........the explosion. 31 «+8 deafening explosion, then | saw a plume of black smoke in the distance. 4. Noun + of + explosion Complete the sentences withthe above nouns: 1. Fortunately, there was no one in the building at the ...........0f the explosion, 2. There was a ..........-0f explosions then the ship broke up and sank. 3. We were thrown backwards by the ..».......-0f the explosion. 4: Inthe last few minutes, we've received cof an explosion aboard a ferry. Notes. Note how we describe the effects ofa bombs The bomb reduced the bung to « heop of rubble The aircraft was blown aport by @ terrorist bomb. 2. Note thete expressions: The police evacuated the shopping centre shortly before the explosion A numberof nocent bystanders were injured nthe explson “Ambulances, fire engines and police cars raced to the scene ftr the explosion 154 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatecasualty Verb + casualties Adjective + casualty Common expressions result in casualties a civilian casualty bbe among the casualties suffer casualties heavy casualties there were no casualties infice casualties road casualties ‘without suffering a single reduce the number of casualty casualties I. Verb + casualties Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs above: |. Both sides appalling casualties at the Battle of the Somme. 2. Abomb exploded in the main railway station, in hundreds of casualties 3. The use of body armour helped to ‘the number of casualties in the war. 4. Asmall group of terrorists heavy casualties on government forces. More than five hundred troops were Killed 2. Adjective + casualty Choose the correct collocation 1. The general admitted that there were citizen / civilian casualties when the bomb missed its carget. 2. The introduction of seat belts has helped to reduce the number of car J road casualties by a third 3. British and US troops sustained heavy / large casualties when they landed on the open beaches. “Seot belts have cut down the ‘number of road casualties.” 3. Common expressions Notes ‘Match the haves: 1. The army managed to capture the building 2. The bomb caused serious damage to the building, ut there 3. There are reports of an explosion in Spain. Women and children are feared to bbe among the casualties. without suffering a single casualty were no casualties. |. Note that'Casualy' also refers to the department of a hospital where people who need urgent treatment are taken The seriously inured were rushed to Casuaty by ambulance, had to wat in Casuoy fr ver an hour before doctor saw me 2. "Casual can alzo be used in a non iterl sense: Im ofeid our department is going tobe one of the fest casuaties inthe goverments next rund of spending ce. 3. Note that we use victim’, not ‘asualy’n these sentences: Unfortunately children ae always the innocent victims of war. The jury awerded damages of aver £5 milion tothe wes ofthe ar disaster Police are trying to identify the murder vim, The tin company have taken fil esporsibity fer the ecident and have agreed to compensa the Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediato 155weapon and gun Verb + weapon Adj + weapon Verb + gun Phrasal verbs ban a weapon ahidden weapon carry a gun with gun develop a weapon lethal weapon fire a gun pullout a gun supply weapons the murder weapon load a gun point a gun at (him) lay down your... an offensive weapon agun goes off puta gun to a superior weapon throw down your threaten with a gun |. Verb + weapon Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1, Who is .....2++++. Weapons t0 the terrorists? 2. [hope that one day nuclear weapons will be ........... Internationally 3 down your weapons or we'll open fire! We have you surrounded! 4, We have evidence that they are trying to ...........chemical weapons in secret 2. Adjective + weapon Choose the correct colocation: |. Police divers are stil searching for the death / murder weapon. 2. Government troops with their greater / superior weapons defeated the rebel army. 3. It's against the law to carry knives ~ they're classified as criminal / offensive weapons. 4. Metal detectors are used to catch people carrying hidden / disguised weapons. 5. The machine gun is one of the most fatal / leshal weapons ever developed by ran, 3. Verb + gun Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The rebels... ‘their machine guns inco the air to celebrate their victory. 2. Unlike many other police forces, British police do not ........... UNS. 3. The gun off as he was cleaning it The bullet just missed his head! 4 He the gun with his last six bulles. He was now out of ammunition 4, Phrasal verbs with gun Notes 156 Complete the verb phrases with the correct preposition LL During the hold-up a the bank a masked man threatened staff........2 gun 2. Suddenly the customer pulled 1a gun and demanded money. 3. He put a gun her head and told the manager to hand over the money. 4. She pointed a gun directly ime and said ‘Hand over your wallet! 5. The police told the robber to throw ........his gun and put his hands in the ar. |. Note this expression ‘Dring he fight he used his stel comb os « weopen 2 "Weapons of mass destruction’ are weapons which are capable of causing massive casualties. They Include nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. 2. Note these expressions: {es dangerous 10 leave a Jaeded gun yng cround (with but in) The robber was armed with @ 107! rephco gun ‘Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermediatedispute and strike Verb + strike Expressions be involved in a dispuce dispute hold a strike handle a dispute settled beyond dispute avert a strike Intervene in a dispute in dispute with (them) break a strike settle a dispute a matter of dispute ead to a strike the settlement of a dispute disrupted by a strike |. Verb + dispute Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: |. Aker lengthy negotiations the dispute over pay has been 2 | did ike ehe way my boss the dispute, s0 | complained to my union. 3. you are ina dispute with your landlord, you should seek legal advice. 4. The Secretary-General of the UN was asked to ..........-in the border dispute beeween the two countries 2. Expressions with dispute ‘Match the halves The unions are in dispute “The matter was settled Who fired the first shot is “The union leader was praised for his We are optimistic that we can reach handling of the dispute, with management over pay. beyond dispute in a court of law. « peaceful settlement ofthe dispute. ‘a matter of dispute at the moment. eens el 3. Verb + strike Notes Complete the sentences with the comect form ofthe above verbs |, Talks are taking place between management and unions in an attempt to .. next week's planned strike, 2. Workers have voted by a large majority to .......-...a one-day strike in support of their sacked colleagues. 3. Management have rejected the latest pay claim by the workers. This will almost certainly ........+..0 further strikes, 4. The company brought in outside workers in an attempt to the strike 5. Flights will be severely by the air traffic controllers’ strike 1. Note the following types of strike: The workforce stoged a igheringstrke Ja series of wildcat strikes. (sudden and short) The student union has cal for arent sre. (protst by not poy). 2. Note these expressions: The car indutry has been ht by 0 wave of skein recent meth The ral strike i now entering is ffth week and shows no sens of ending. Firefighters have voted to take strike ection. 3. Note some of the ways we describe the effects of a strike: The ral network ssl paralysed by the sre. No wins are runing Acsrite by dockers hat crippled the prt. No frie can ge nor ou The sik has left thousands of British haldaymakers stranded at Greek oppor ‘Koy Words for Fluency ~ intermediate 157campaign and demonstration Verb + campaign Adjective + campaign —_Verb + demonstration launch a campaign an advertising campaign hold a demonstration conduct a campaign an ant-(obesity) campaign take part in a demonstration lead a campaign an election campaign lead to a demonstration support a campaign a publicity campaign break up a demonstration 1. Verb + campaign Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Most people the campaign to ban fox hunting. Only a tiny minority approve of king animals for sport. 2. For over five years the prisoner's family have a tireless campaign for his release, without success, 3. The police have ...........a new campaign against drink-drving 4. The headmaster ..........+8 successful campaign against the closure of the village school. He was certainly the driving force behind the whole campaign. 2. Adjective + campaign Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Sales of the car increased, following a successful . campaign 2. The Health Service was the main issue in the recent ........... The good news, doctor. “The good news is you have 24 hours to live. The bad news is I forgot to tell you yesterday! 2. The hospital haven't contacted us yet, but I suppose no news is «...-...neWs. 3. Have you heard the ........ntews? There's been another earthquake in Turkey. 4, Youle expecting a twins! That's ........news! 3. Common expressions Notes 166 ‘Match the haves: ‘The news of his death came as a. the rest of the staf will want one, With satellite communication ®. a pleasant surprise. We al ike him. Harry's taken the news ‘c, news certainly travels fast these days. News of the child’ safety came as 4. a great relief to the worried family The news of his appointment came as @. a shock to us all. ‘Once the news gets out about her pay rise, fof his father's death very well. |. Note these expressions: [News ofthe ares ofthe President’ son for murder caused o sensation [News ofthe assassination of President Kennedy shocked the ene world Wells has been inthe news alt recenty because of his heath problems. Wos there anything interesting onthe news this evening? 2. The expression ‘Thats news to me! means that you didnt know about something ey Words for Fluenoy ~ Intermediatemessage Verb + message Adjective + message Message + of + noun get a message 1 garbled message a message of support leave a message 1 good-luck message ‘a message of sympathy pass on a message anew message a message of thanks send a message an urgent message a... of congratulation take a message ive (her) a message I. Verb + message Complete the sentences withthe correct form of the above verbs |. Dr Brown's line is busy at the moment. Can | --a message! 2. Have you checked your e-mail today? | ...........You a message last night 3. His secretary said she'd see that the manager ...........the message. 4, It’s entirely my fault he missed the meeting ~ | forgot to him the message. 5. He's notin the office at the moment, but Ill........... yOUr message on, 6, I'm sorry we can’t take your call just now, Please a message after the tone, 2. Adjective + message Complete these sentences with the above adjectives: |. The newlyweds have received hundreds of messages from friends and family. 2. When I checked my e-mail this morning, had 40 ..........messages waiting for me. 3. He left a..........message on my answerphone which | couldn't make out 4. Apologies for interrupting, but we've had an ..........message that your mothers il 3. Message + of + noun Notes Match the halves |. The Prime Minister has sent a message of sympathy 2. We've had thousands of messages of support 3. He received many messages of congratulation 4. The committee sent a special message of thanks flowing is scr ae pe Cas Cottetnies fae tes ee naack foccur cana to an rd mae to everyone who helped with the Queens visit, “nk the messoge i ret clear! |. A‘cexe message’ isa way of communieating text by mobile phone: The cheapest way to communicate by mabe phone is trough text mesoges, 2. An‘error message’ appears on a computer screen when something Is not working correctly ‘A‘waring message’ appears on the screen when the computer’ batteries are running low. 3. Note how we use message’ to mean getting people o understand something: The advertsement sends a clear message obout the dangers of smoking Through national advertising. the government hopes to bring ame the messoge I get acres the message that regulr exerci ester for heath 4. Note this commen expression: Thi ftemoons meeting has been canceled, Can you spread the message? Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediate 167document Verb + document Adjective + document deliver a document a confidential document e-mail a document a forged document produce a document an important document check a document an original document. shred a document the enclosed document sign a document Expressions relating to computers create a document save a document edit a document prin out a document send / receive a document scroll through a document I. Verb + document Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: I. Ie’ a legally binding document. It must be ..........-in the presence of two witnesses. 2, For security reasons, we use a courier service to. all official documents. 3.0 the documents to you. Check your inbox in about five minutes, 4. In our office, we have to... all documents before putting them in the bin. 5. Have you the document for mistakes? 6, With basic word-processing skills, you can « professional-looking documents. 2. Adjective + document Complete these sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Only. documents will be accepted as proof We don't accept photocopies. 2. Please sign both copies ofthe ...........document and return one of them to us. 3. Your birth cereiicae isan ...........document and should be kept ina safe place 4. Three men have been charged with using .........documents to enter the country. 5. A private letter from the Prime Minister to the Queen was published by a newspaper yesterday. Itis a mystery who leaked the ...........document to the press. 3. Expressions relating to computers Note that document’ used 0 refer to information ona computer. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Get into a routine of .......-.-the document youre working on every 20 minutes. To a new document, select'New’ from the File Menu. ni cout a copy of the document for you so that you'll have a ard copy. E-mail allows yOu t© 0001.07 documents atthe click of a button The great advantage of a computer is that you ean ..........a document as much 235 you like before finalising it 6. The search function helps you to find the information you need without having to through the entire document on the screen. Nowe “Travel documents’ are the important papers such as your passport or visa, which you need when ‘rwvelng between countries: ‘Aways keep your travel document ino safe place 168 Koy Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatearticle Verb + article Adjective + article Noun ¢ of + article read an article 2 critical article a series of articles | write an article a fascinating article the end of an article | publish an article an informative arsicle a copy of an article || articles contain (facts) the whole article a summary of an article articles appear artis criticise | an article covers (a topic) I. Verb + article Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. Two articles on sun spots .........in the November issue of The Astronomer, 2. The article . ots of handy hints for making long journeys comfortable. 3. Ie’ a very long article which wide range of issues. 4 the whole article quickly and make notes on the main points. 5. Ive a few articles for the local newspaper. 6. He got his article in The New Scientist. 7. The article the police for the methods they used to control the crowd, 2. Adjective + article Complete these sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Veame across a........--artcle on John Travolta. Did you know that he has 2 plot's licence? 2. There’ an article on digital photography in today’s paper. I tells you all you need to know about the subject 3. I didn’c have time to read the ..........article ~ just the ttle and the frst couple of, paragraphs, 4. One of the country’s most respected dally newspapers published a highly article about the governments spending on defence. 3. Noun + of + article Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. Our sources can be found in the bibliography at che of the article 2. The making of unauthorised ofthis article is prohibited 3. The newspaper ran a of articles on corruption in the police force. 4. This is only a brief Of the article The full text is available on the internet. Notes I. Note these expressions 1m in the proces of colecing material for on article that Pm wring on culture shock, Ifyou hove any comments on ths art, pleate em us eu ths article out of lost night's newspaper ~ I though it might interes you We ron a short orice about her nthe las issue of cur magazine. 2. Note these expressions with ful of: The acl is fl of technical terms which I don't understand. The article is fl of inaccuracies Wrters shoud check tele fats before publishing hem The arc fl of speling mstaks. ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intormodiato 169letter Verb + letter Adjective + letter Letter + of + noun address a letter a begging letter a letter of application reply to / answer aletter a love letter a letter of apology get / receive a letter an open letter a letter of complaint post a letter a thank-you letter 2... of recommendation sign a letter a letter of resignation write a leter letters of support letters of sympathy I. Verb + letter ‘Complete the sentences withthe correc form of the above verbs: Lt a letter from my bank manager telling me my account is overdrawn. 2. The letcer was correctly, but it was delivered to the wrong house. 3. Over a hundred MPs a lewer demanding that the Prime Minister resign. 4. I've had this lewer in my bag for over a week. | keep forgetting to ie 5. My mother an angry letter to the council complaining about the dirty streets, She was even more indignant when the council didn’ toit 2. Adjective + letter ‘Match the halves: |. Leame across some old love letters a. for the birthday present she sent me. 2. 30 MPs sent an open letter to The Times, b. hundreds of begging letters 3. I wrote my aune 2 thank-you letter «. | sent my wife before we were married, 4. After her lottery win she received 4. expressing their concerns about the war: 3. Letter + of + noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. She said that she was deeply moved by all the leters of she had received after the death of her husband, 2. Welve received countless letters of from the public in our fight to stop the council closing the local primary school 3. Iwrote a letter of about the problems we had on our holiday. Two weeks later I received a letter of from the company and a cheque for £100. The folowing letters are all associated with jobs 4. I could stand the job no longer, so I sat down and composed my letter of 5. Please enclose a CV with your letter of 6. His former employer speaks very highly of him in her letter of. Notes 1. Note these noun + of + letter phrases For some unknown reson, she refses to reveal the contents ofthe eter The BC hove received «flood of leers complaining about the programme on child abuse Pease acknowledge receipt ofthis leer by phoning the flowing number. 2. A ‘covering eter is one you send with a document or package which describes the contents Pease enclce a covering leer with your CV. 170 Koy Words for Fluency — intormodiateVerb + mail answer your mail check your mail ‘pen your mail hate mail deliver the mail Junk mail sore the mail snail ail | forward / redirect mail unopened mail |. Verb + mail ‘Complete the sentences with the corect form ofthe above verbs 1. Mails 10 our office ewice a day 2. The postcode on the letter allows the mail to be by machine. aul --my mal before leaving the hotel, but there was nothing for me. 4, When you move house, arrange t0 get your mail...........t0 your new address. 5. Could you... my mail for me and check if there's anything urgent. 6. haven't had a chance to my mail Ve been too busy to write. 2. Adjective + mail Complete these sentences with the above adjectives: 1. Lehrow .......-..mal straight into the bin without opening it 2. After the match the referee received rail from angry supporters. 3. Send the lezer by mal if you want to be sure it wil get there tomorrow. 4. There's a stack of. rail waiting for me at home. ve been away for 2 months. 5. I nearly always use e-mall now ~ Ive almost given Up .-.-v-..-. mall 6. The pop star Robbie Williams receive a lot of ral 3. Mail or letter? =, Put a line through the word which is not possible: ‘The letcers are / mails delivered twice a day. 2. The letter / mail had the wrong adéress on it All our products can be ordered by mall / letter ‘Would you like it sent by air or surface letter / mail? | will try to answer your letter / mail soon oS = | wrote a long letter / mail co my parents explaining Why did't they get ter ‘why | left home. mall redirected?” |. Note that we use‘post’ and not‘mail or leter’ in these sentences: never cecived it I must have got losin the post. 11 puto copy ofthe document inthe post tonight 2. “Ermall is a systom that allows you to communicate by computer: Note these expressions Send me an eal when you ote, haven't had time to check my ema this morning Ema es rvlutionised the way we communicate 1 wos geting £9 much spam mal that | had to change my el addres. 3. “Internal mal isa system of sending messages to people inside the same organisation We send all cur reports via interne mai ‘Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermediate madvert, publicity and reputation Verb + advert Expressions with Verb + reputation place an advert publicity sain a reputation scan the adverts ‘generate publicity have a reputation respond to an advert receive publicity ruin your reputation aim adverts at avoid / shun publicity save your reputation adverts appear ina blaze of publiciey live up to your reputation adverts influence publicity surrounds lose a reputation |. Verb + advert Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: Lt the job adverts in the hope of finding work as a gardener. He an advert in the local paper to sell his car More than 50 people ...........to the advert for the post of school caretaker. Adverts for soft drinks are usually...........at young people. There can be no doubt that adverts ‘our choices. A ull page advert jn The Guardian outlining the Liberal Party's manifesto. 2. Expressions with publicity ‘Match the halves: 1. The two film sears were married 2. Theyve received alot of bad publicity 3. The broadcast of the programme was timed to 4. There has been a great dea! of publicity 5. He's an actor who shuns publicity and for the quality of their products. rarely gives interviews. in a blaze of publicity. ‘generate maximum publicity surrounding his disappearance. 3. Verb + reputation Notes nm Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above vers |. Afeer the scandal the minister is making great efforts to his reputation. . Stevenson College ...........an international reputation as a centre of learning. During his ime at university he ...........a reputation as a brillant speaker “The weather in Britain is .........Up to its reputation, Rain every day! “The report in today’s paper of his relationship with a married woman 10 years ago is enough for the Minister to .. his reputation for being a man of absolute integrity 6. The school’s good reputation has been ..........+by your appalling behaviour on the trip, I. Note that you can use either ‘advert’ or advertisoment: 2. Note the following: The Betsh have a reputation for Being reserved. (er the years, de company has gradually but up a workwide reputation for quolty and rebity 3, Note these expressions: ‘After the story ofthe aff appeared in the newspapers, his reputation wos in ris i tates, ‘The Prime Minter has emerged ffom the scandal with his reputaon intoc (undamaged) Key Words for Fluency ~ IntermediateSection 22 Technology machine equipment computer and internet fault repair “Sorry, no time to tok —t00 busy charting!” ‘Key Words for Fluency — Intermediate 174 175 176 177 178 13machine Verb + machine Machine + verb ‘Types of machine invent a machine machines break down an answering machine install a machine machines perform (tasks) a cash machine switch a machine on / off machines run on (petrol) a ticket machine ‘operate a machine machines work a vending machine dismantle a machine ‘washing machine repair / fix a machine |. Verb + machine Complete these sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs |. Buy your dishwasher from us and we'll deliver and ...........YoUur machine free of charge. 2. The machine is farty simple to .........+.. . Let me show you how it works. 3. The personal computer is without doubt the most useful machine to be. {in my Iifetime. 4. The green button starts the machine. The red one Is for .........the machine off, 5. [paid a lot of money co get this sewing machine ‘and it still doesn't work! 6. Never 1 faulty machine without disconnecting it from the electricity supply. ‘Always make sure it's unplugged before you attempt to take it to pieces. 2. Machine + verb Complete these sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs: |. Modern machines are capable of ‘many of the routine tasks that people used to do. For example, robots have almost replaced workers in the car industry 2. Our washing machine down yesterday and flooded the kitchen. 3. Can you help me? I can't seem to get chis machine to 4, The machine .........-.0n solar power, but it can be powered by batteries in cloudy weather 3. Types of machine Notes 14 ‘Match the halves: I. ts fe OK to put chis woollen jersey into a, the answering machine for you. 2. There's a couple of messages on b, che washing machine? 3. Ieried to geta cup of coffee out of _¢, most cash machines with this card. 4. You can withdraw money from 4. the ticket machine in the car park. 5. I need some coins for €e. the vending machine, but it's not working. |. Note the verbs we use to describe what a machine does We use especial machine to monitor the patents breathing This machine measures your heart rate and this one calculates the amount of energy you are using The machine designed to detec very smal movement of the earth’ surface 2. ‘Out of order’ means not working: The coffee machine nthe stoff canteen i out of order agin, but the one inthe student rfetory it working. Koy Words for Fluency ~ Intermodiateequipment Verb + equipment Adjective + equipment invest in equipment faulty equipment install equipment fragile equipment ‘est equipment proper equipment | use equipment the latest equipment handle equipment sensitive equipment hire out equipment special equipment I. Verb + equipment Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs above: |. A qualified instructor will show you how to the equipment in the gym. 2. All our equipment is regularly to make sure it's in good working order. 3. This high-tech equipment needs to be very carefully. Don'e drop ie! 4. Lirun a company that ‘out office equipment to new businesses. 5. The company has millions of pounds in new computer equipment. 6. We've some new security equipment in our factory in an attempt to reduce theft. 2. Adjective + equipment ‘Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: |. They didn even have a rope with them! It's absolutely crazy to go mountain climbing without the ‘equipment. 2 --mavigation equipment caused the ship to sail 100 miles off course, 3. Firefighters had to use ........+-.equipment to cut the driver free from the car. 4, Be careful with this equipment. es and easily damaged if mishandled. 5. G He spends an absolute fortune on golf He always has the .........-- equipment. ‘The patient’ brain waves are recorded on this -plece of equipment which gives extremely accurate readings of brain activity. 3. Other words for equipment Note In these sentences ‘equipment not possible. Complete them with: paratus appliances devices stuff’ instruments tools. 1. always keep a set of in the back of my car in case | break down, 2. The shop sells musical sheet music, tapes and CDs. 3. Don't forget to bring your football “There's a game after the meeting 4, Its a good idea to switch off all electrical when you are not using them, 5. Uhate using the climbing ...........in the school gym. | keep falling off 6. Labour-saving ... like dishwashers and microwaves have made life easier for people today. Note these types of equipment The store has a god range of sports equipment There ore some cheap tenn rackets on offer. The rebel ermy was quickly defeted by the madern mitary equipment dat government oops hed ‘ralable them. Wi this system you dont have to spend money on expensive new computer equipment every yer ‘Koy Words for Floncy ~ Intormodtato Wscomputer and internet Verb + computer ‘Computer + noun Verb + internet be on a computer computer dating connect to the internet shut down a computer computer games surf the internet hack into a computer computer program shop on the internet ‘a computer performs tasks computer screen spread over the internet ‘a computer crashes computer software download from the .. | computer virus Verb + computer Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe above verbs |. Make sure you down your computer before you leave the office. 2. A bug in the program caused the computer to +50 [had to restart it 3. Banks have tight security systems to stop people from ..........-into thelr computers 4, How long are you going t0 ......-...-0n the computer? I need to send something. 5. The diflerence between you and a computer is that a computer can multi-task. That is, it ean ......+..-.many different tasks at the same time. 2. Computer + noun Complete the sentences with the above nouns: |. Computer .........spread from one machine to another through e-mail atachments. 2. Many children today would rather play computer han play outside. 3. The computer ..........ls installed on your machine. It comes with Windows XP. 4. Computer is an interesting way of meeting somebody of che opposite sex. 5. An error message flashed up on my computer 6. I've done a number of courses and I can now write simple computer 3. Verb + internet Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: 1. Tes very easy to ‘on the internet if you have a credit card. 2. Most viruses are ‘over the internet, so make sure you install anti-virus sofoware on your PC to check the files that you 3. Parents should place limits on the time their children spend .. the net. 4 Just click on the Explorer icon and youl be ...........t0 the internet. Nows 1. Note dhese expressions: The Information s stored on computer. Dacuments ore scanned into a computer and then sent by ea (My Job is to hey writen tet into the computer 2. Note the following verb collocaions: ‘Students should be encouraged to use the internet aso resource es impossible o police the inert, 3. Note these expressions: (Our chen have restricted I ited acces othe internet at home Wi broadband we hove united acces to the Intemet We are connected 24 fsa dey. The information is feely ovale on the internet 178 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediatefault Verb + fault Adjective + fault develop a fault, a common fault discover a fault, an electrical fault repair a fault 2 design faut. report a fault a minor fault ‘check for faults a serious fault a technical fault Verb + faule Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe ebove verbs 1. We ha to call out an engineer t0 .........--8 ful in our alarm system, 2. The fault in the plane's landing gear was .......... during a routine check 3. any of your appliances fall to work, you should the ful directly to che hie company. 4: I his product ..........-a fault please return i to the shop where you bough ft 5. We have quality control staf who for any faults in our products before they are sent out to shops. 2. Adjective + fault Notes Complete the sentences below with the above adjectives: I. The plane’ been grounded due to a........-»faul. 2. Overheating i a fault with this make of car-The fault was rectified in later models 3. The fire was caused by an fault Fe was traced to a short circuit in the dishwasher. 4. Te was only a -fault. A mechanic took 5 minutes to fix it and we were on our ‘way again 5. Thad to take my new car back to the garage because it had a . aul in ies ‘braking system, making it dangerous to drive in wet conditions. The problem appears 10 BE A ses seens so fault 1. Note these expressions: ‘A mechanic tested the engine and culd find no fou with Tesounds os if theresa out inthe ignition system, 2 Note that aul’ anddefect’ are both possible in this sentence Al orcroft hove been grounded after a fut | defect was discovered in the ful system, ‘Only ‘defect’ is possible in the fllowing sentences: 1 gt these shoes que cheaply becouse there re sight defects in them, The drug is known to cause birth defects. ‘She's suffered from 0 speech defect ol er Hf. 3. Note that we use Yau’ to describe weaknesses of character: ove him dearly in sie of ol is feats. "now Ive got many fut, but tling les isn't one of them. 4. Note that faut also means being responsible for something esa pardy my foul ~1 forgot to tel him about the meeting ent my fut thor were fe wos ready on time. Ifyou fled the exam, it’ your own feu You should have studied harder key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate ”repair Verb + repair Adj + repair Noun + of + ‘Common need repairs essential repairs repair expressions carry out repairs major repairs the cost of repairs be under repair undergo repairs minor repairs inneed of repair be in for repairs complete repairs simple repairs £400 worth of .. keep in good repair repairs cost money a programme of .. damaged beyond ... I. Verb + repair Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above verbs: |. The ferry will be out of service for several weeks while it... repairs. 2. We were horrified to discover how much the repairs to our roof would 3. Our church urgenty . repairs but we've no funds to carry out the work. 4. Repairs are being . ‘out on the motorway so expect delays in both directions. These repairs are expected to be by the end of the month. 2. Adjective + repair Complete the sentences with the above adjectives: 1. The old house needs repairs. It needs a lot of work done to ita new roof, new central heating, re-wiring ~ everything! 2 The car was OK. It only needed .........».Fepairs,which cost very lite 3, The swimming pool is closed for 3 days for ........--.Fepairs and maintenance. 4, We should all be able to carry out repairs around the house. find it hard to believe that some people don't even know how co change 2 light bulb! 3. Noun + of + repair Complete the sentences below with the above nouns: 4. Common expressions Note 178 1. About £200 of repairs need to be done to get my car back on the road 2. Parts of che building are dangerous and are in urgent of repair. 3. The couneilis carrying out an extensive of repairs on all ts schools. 4, The other driver agreed to pay the full of repairs to my car, ‘Match the halves: |. Were in temporary accommodation because our offices are a. in good repair. 2. lim using the bus because my car is in che garage b. beyond repair 3. It is the responsibly of the landlord to keep the house «. under repair. 4, The car will need to be scrapped. I is damaged 4d. for repairs [Note that maintenance’ means to keep something in good condition: This course is designed to ge drivers grounding (basic obit) incor mlntenance and reps. The lndord, and no the tenant, responsible forthe maintenance ond upkeep of the roperty 1 ike od houses, but they need @ lot of maintenance and I don't have the time todo it In order to save money, the counal hs had to cut back on rood maintenance Key Words for Fluency — intormodiatoAnswer Key ‘Koy Words for Fluency ~ intermediato 179answer key Section I: A place to live (ret pogsseaseceooca . Bx: L.see 2 change 3. destroying 4. taken Ex 2 I.whole 2.safer 3. changing 4.ideal 5. outside x3: LLauthority 2.record 3.affirs 4, peace counery Ex: I.fled 2.paralysed 3.enter 4.running 5. represent x2: I.wealthy 2.foreign 3.free 4.ncighbouring 5. underdeveloped x3 Le 2d 3a te Sb home Arahpacéecceccosn Ex I: [left 2head 3.get 4.own 5.call 6. return £2: I.cooking 2address 3.delivery 4.town G3: [sent 2.saw 3.take 4.welcome 4: Id 2e Ba 4b building. Geeoeobeoqogns Ex I: [construct 2.restored 3. evacuated 4. convert 5. demolished Ex 2: Lempty 2.high-rise 3. public 4. derelict 5.main 6.fine x3: |.Damage 2.floor 3.entry 4.tenants 5.appearance accommodation and rent Ex: L.find 2.guaranteed 3. provide 4. lives Ex 2: [temporary 2 self-catering 3.furnished 4. free Ex: L.pay 2.pue 3.withholding 4.afford 5. owe Section 2: The environment environment Ext: I pollute 2harm 3.respect 4. protect Ex 2 I. pleasane 2.stress-free 3.hostile 4.male 5. safe Ex 3: I.effect 2.chreat 3.harmony 4. destruction 5. damage pollution, fumes, waste and rubbish Ex: Lereduce 2risen 3.destroying 4. chreatening 2 I. pouring 2. inhaling 3. overcome Ex 3: I.recycle 2.dumping 3.creates 4. dispose Ex4: collected 2.clearing 3.pick 4.recycle earthquake and flood eee Ex: l.withstand 2.hie 3.predicting 4.devastated 5.shook 6. survived 7. set Ex 2 Leute 2hie 3-swepe 4.caused storm . Sus ae stacwdedeuestauetaceen Ex: L.seruck 2.broke 3.raged, died 4.destroyed 5.in 6, through &2 Id 2a Be Ae Sb 180 ‘Key Words for Fuoncy ~ Intormodlatoanswer key damage oo... ove eee v cece ee eeeeeeseeeteeveeteeeeeeseeeessres sees 20 Ex: L.prevent 2. caused 3.suffered 4. insured 5. repair 2: LOT 2LOT BLT 44/7 SLOT 6.UIT 7LOT Ex: L.worth 2extent 3.cost 4.signs 5.risk Section 3: The natural world iveeathen ter eee eer ae 2 Ex: Ledressed 2.holds 3.turned 4.changing 5.sets Ex 2: Ichot 2.cold 3.wet 4.dry 5.glorious 6. unpredictable Ed Ib 2d 3a 4c temperature and heat... 0.6606 cccceeeeeeeeee eect teeeteeeeeeeeeeeee BB Ex: I.drop / fall 2rise / increase 3.took 4.reach 5. control £2: |.Freezing 2.constant / even 3.high 4.average G3: I:feel 2generate 3.lose 4.escape 5. withstand air 4 Ex I: Ieneed 2.gasping 3.breathe 4.put 5, pollute Ex 2: I-fresh 2 polluted 3.thin 4.stale 5.stil 6.cold Ech Id 2a 3b de Hight ooo cece cece cece eet tttteeeeeeeeeees 25 Ect: I block 2.get 3.needs 4.let 5.fading Ex 2: I-bright 2artificial 3.softer 4.poor 5. fading x3: I.source 2 glimmer 3.fash Ea: 1b 2c 3a Bx: Ieaught 2.caused 3.fought, put 4.light 5. started Ex 2: I.destroyed 2.broke 3.spread 4.burning 5.20 Ex 3 Lorisk 2alarm 3.escape 4 extinguisher 5. drills water oy Ex: I.drink 2 boil 3.spilled or spilt 4.poured 5. dripping 6.flows Ex 2 |. drinking 2 boiling. 3.fresh 4. mineral Ex 3: Ion 2 through 3.with 4.with 5.into 6. with Ea be 2a Bb noise and silence... 0.6.0... scene 28 Ext: l.making 2.shue 3.stand 4.sleep Ex 2: I-funny 2. deafening 3. background 4. squeaking 5. awful 6. piercing Ex 3: I.long 2awkward 3, stunned 4, complete Section 4: Work job 30 Ex: lose 2.looking 3.applied 4.hold 5.got Ex 2: responsible 2.stressful 3. rewarding 4.boring 5. challenging x3: |. perks 2. qualifications 3. pressures ‘Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermediate 18answer key career ee 31 Ex: I.wrecked 2.began 3.further 4. choosing 5. pursue £2: I.worthwhile 2 brillant. 3. promising ER Le 2b 3d 4a Se staff and duty 32 Ex I: L.lay off 2erained 3.employs 4. recruiting Ex 2: I.vacancies 2. dedication 3.turnover 4. member <3: I.repore 2.carries 3.suspended 4. include 5.falling qualification and interview. ........- Ex I: [leads 2 geting / obtaining. 3.have 4. Sudying 5x2: Iacademic 2 recognised 3.further x3: I.had 2invited 3.prepare 4.held 5. dreading 4: be 2a 3b fTlopamnneaeeneeapeeoce nono : Ex: I.eest 2learn 3.update 4.handed down 5. equip Ex 2: I. basic 2 practical 3. communication 4.computer 5. social <3: I.test 2degree 3.use training «0... : gaboogbdoq0d00 35 Ex: I.provide 2 requires recehe 4. competed Ex 2: I-basic 2.proper 3.formal 4.regular 5. intensive wages, salary and pay Saneeeooeeeee 36 Ex: ILeamns 2.g0 3ulve/ survive 4. deducted 5. demanding Ex 2: Iwage 2salary 3.wage 4.salary S.salary 6. wage Eck le 2d 3b te Sf 6a Section 5: Travel Cpe sse eens Renae ce 38 Ext: |.go 2afford 3.cancelled 4.made 5.ruined 6 planning x2: I-long 2.free 3.good 4.round 5. abroad / overseas Ex3: I-highlighe 2 cost 3.souvenir 4.length holiday... cee 39 Ex |: spend 2 ruined 3.takes 4 enjoy S.book 6 cancel Ex 2: I.pald 2.relaxing 3.dream 4. public 5 package Ex3: Id 2b 3a 4c flight egeeste i ‘ segonoaae Ex: [catch 2.called 3.gets 4.delayed 5.miss 6 cancelled, diverted Ex 2: long-haul 2. direct, connecting 3.shore 4. scheduled 5. bumpy. smooth <3: [call 2.duration 3.arrival 4.standby 5.cancellation delay and destination ‘i eee 4l Ex I: Leexpected 2.fuce 3.apologise 4. caused 5.aveld <2: I.reason 2.apologies 3.series 4. liability Ex3: [popular 2.intended 3.top 4.new 5. exotic 182 Key Words for Fuency — intermediateanswer key passenger Boeneeenncs 3 Ex: Iproceed 2.board 3.traveling 4.kiled 5. stranded Ex 2: Iangry 2nervous 3.Terrified 4. business class 5. drunken Ech be 2d 3b 4a passport and visa... Bee eee eee ee as Ex: Iexpires.renew 2.show 3.stolen 4. surrender 5. stamped Ex 2: I.valid 2 new 3.forged Ek Le 2e Ba Af Sb 6d luggage and fare Ext: Loweigh 2lost 3.screen 4.insure 5.pack 6. searched x2 full 2.recurn 3.flat 4.halffare 5. exact x3 bb 2¢ Be 4a Sd Section 6: Traffic 46 traffic ere eapppenece Ex: [diverted 2.held 3. directing 4.reducing 5. builds, thin Ex 2: [build-up 2.break 3.volume 4.queue 5.noise Eh be 2d 3a 4b street ce bbee ee eeeteeveseetaeeeeeees Ex: I.wander 2.patrol 3.cross 4.paraded 5.Go 6, clean £2 LLone-way 2.deserted 3.High 4.crowded 5.side G3: bb 2e 3a te Sd route and map... ee eeeeeees Bx: Leplan 2.marked 3.take 4. lined x2: I-seenie 2. roundabout 3.alternative 4.escape 5.popular 6. direct x3: I.read 2 showing 3.drew 4. bring 5. studied ET) Ex: avoided 2 reduced 3.winessed 4.had 5.happened 6. caused Ed Ie 2b de 4a Sd x3: Ieause event 3.series 4.scene injury... oes payee 50 Ec I: L.suffered 2 prevent 3.treated 4.escape 5.caused 6 recovered Ex2 L.series Zreports 3.risk 4.pain 5.extent Ez Id 2a 3b te Se serious injury = appalling, horrendous, life-threatening, crippling, horrific Section 7: Education education 32 Ex I: L.gave 2.get 3.returning 4. pay 5.invest x2: I-mursery 2 private 3.higher 4.religious 5.sex 6.good 7. secondary x3: I.standard 2 right 3.aim 4. Access ‘Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermediate 183answer key course eee ee Ex I: runs 2.do 3.complete 4.deals S.drop 6. consists <2: I. demanding 2.crash 3. vocational 4, on-line 5. introductory x3; I-requirements 2.place 3.guide 4. completion lesson cobb etteeeeeteeeeeees Ex: L-giving 2.prepares 3.skipping 4.starts 5.having 6. catch Ex 2: [with 2.in 3.about 4. during Ex3: [lessons 2.classes 3.lessons 4, cass ‘We use ‘class’ for che group of people who are taught together. Ex4: Id 2a Bb 4c practice and homework ee Ex: Ihad 2gives 3.need 4.improve 5.comes 6. learned x2 be 2d 3a 4b Ex3: I.done 2hand 3.get 4.gave S.help 6. corrected exam and mark... eee Ex I: I.revising 2.sit 3.passed 4.scrape 5. marked x2 Id Ze da 4b I.get 2. deducted 3.ave 4.lose [good 2 full 3.top 4.final 5.low Section 8: Sport and fitness sport . pESHe Pee Ext: L.ply 2hated 3.cake 4. watching Ex 2: I-popular 2 contace 3. dangerous 4.indoor 5. spectator 6. team Ex 3: events 2.centre 3.equipment 4.coverage 5. facilities team ee Ex: L.played made 3.dropped 4.support 5.take 6.lost 7. celebrated Ex 2 I strong 2. defeated 3.matched 4. winning G3: Leaptain 2 spirit 3.sports 4.maces 5.effore game... boeeceenseo see Ex I: L-play 2.lose 3.making 4.miss S.abandon Ex 2 I-quick 2 physical 3.clean 4.ciring G3: L.object_2.coverage 3.rules 4. result 5. preparation G4: Iteam 2.Board 3.party 4.card 5.compucer race, competition and match ..........+.4 xl: L.won 2.withdraw 3.take 4.fnish 5.watch 6. disqualified Ex2: L-Enter 2.knocked 3. holding / running x3: I-competition 2 match 3.competitions 4.races 5.match 6.race VICLOFY eee ee eeeeee ee eeeees Ex: Lcelebrated 2.robbed 3.led 4.swepe Er Mf Le 3d 4c Sa 6b 104 Key Words for Fluency ~ Itormediate 53 54 55 56 58 59) -61 62answer key defeat o.oo eee eee e cee Ex I: Leaccepted 2avenge 3.suffered 4. avoided Ex 2: I-heayy 2.shock 3.narrow 4, humiliating Ex3: revenge 2 possibility 3.jaws 4.string 5. disappointment prize . — ee Ex: Lwin 2 accepting 3.shared 4.present 5.chiim 6.awarded x2: I-first 2.major / top 3.booby 4.fabulous 5. consolation 6. Nobel x3: I.winners 2. draw 3.money strength cette eeeeee eee Ex I: I.using 2underestimate 3.build 4.saving 5. gather / recover x2: L-superior 2.full 3. superhuman 4. physical, nner x3: Ilack 2 feats 3, reserves energy and exercise . . boouseenseugpdoose Ex: I.have 2.use 3.sapped 4.saving 5.give 6.running Ex2: I-source 2 deal 3. burst x3: [strenuous 2.warm-up 3. regular 4 light Ee4: bb 2c 3a Section 9: Health health eet ooeneseer ee Ex: [deteriorated 2.look 3.nursed 4.improved 5. causing x2 Id 2 Fb te Sa Ex 3: |.bad 2 harmful 3. essential 4. wonders illness eee ee Ex I: I. suffer 2. causing 3.treated 4.recovered 5.had 6. diagnosing x2 |b le Fd 4a Ex 3: I.recovery 2.cause 3.symptoms 4. recurrence 5. extent disease and infection . ce eveeeeeeees Ex I: I.prevent 2.suffers 3.contract / get 4. eradicated x2: |.fatal 2 infectious 3.rare 4. incurable Ea le 2e 3d 4a 5b Ex 4: I.suffering 2.prevent 3.clear 4. spread stress .. vec eeeeeeeeeeseee ees Ex: [relieve 2.suffering 3.copes 4.chrive 5. place x2: L-momenes 2.source 3. effects 4.sign 5. levels smoking and drugs (illegal) Ex I: Lup 2.down 3.from 4.of 5.up x2: I-taken / used 2.legalised 3.came 4.supplied 5.seized 6. smuggling Ex3: I.addicts 2.dealer 3.overdose 4.abuse S.habie 6. craficking PAIN. ee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeveeeeeaes Ex: I.causing 2.bear 3.gets 4. passed 5. complaining Ex 2: L-throbbing 2 sudden 3.burning 4. unbearable 5.constant 6. dull Eck Le 2e 3d 4b Sa Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 63 64 65 66 68 Cc) -70 -7I 72 B 185answer a appointment, symptom and test Ex I: I.make 2.get 3.missed 4.cancel S.wait 6.have 7.keep Ex2: Igo treats include 4.persist 5.show x3: I.repeat 2take 3.do 4. have to have treatment and cure. Ex: Laven 2 responding 3-undergong 4-needed 5.begn Ex 2 new effective 3.various 4 urgent 5.free Ex3: I-known 2.complete 3.instant operation and drug...... Bx I: performing 2-had 3.need 4 surviving 5.60 6.406 Ex 2: [take 2 prescribe 3.injected 4.withdrawn 5.approved 6.tested Ex3: |-Powerful 2 fast-acting 3.safe 4. wonder Section 10: Money money and cash Ex: [raise 2.paid 3.refund 4.lend,borrow 5. inherit 6.run 7. earn 8.save Ex 2: Lespending 2.extra 3. pocket 4.missing x3: Laccept /take 2.have 3.carry 4.pay savings, fortune and debt a6 Ex: Iespent 2.fall 3. cheating 4.bulld 5.put Ex 2: I.cost 2came 3.lost 4.save 5.made 6.spends Ex3: Lepay 2get 3.run 4.Faced 5. write price ooo sueooudu EHO zuuEduouGH Ex: Iorisen 2 includes 3.haggle 4. agree 5.afford 2 1 2D 3D 41 SD 61 x3: half 2.full 3.competitive 4.fixed 5. extortionate fee and charge .. peageoanod Ex I: Lpay Zecharge 3.waived 4 increasing / rising x2: I.nominal 2.flat 3.normal 4.reasonable S.highest 6.record 7. additional x3 bb 2a Bd te expense ...... Bel: Lsave 2was B.spared 4.g0 5.jstly Ex 2: I.medical 2.extra 3.living 4.operating 5. eravelling Ea be 2a 3b Section Il: Food rr do ‘ Ex: [waste 2.¢ats 3.preparing 4.been 5.pick 6. serves x2: I.delicious 2.fresh 3.raw 4. disgusting 5.frozen 6. hot / spicy Ex 3: I.portions 2.variety 3.shortage 4, consumption 186 Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 74 75 1 78 279 80 81 82 84answer key drink. ce eeeeeeeee : Ex: |order 2.spill 3.offer 4.had 5. sipped Ex 2: [farewell 2. quick 3.celebratory 4.free 5. stiff 6. relaxing x3: I.hot 2refreshing 3.soft 4.long meal and dish 86 Ex I: Lshad 2serves 3.made going S.order 6-miss/ skp x2: I.proper 2 delicious 3.main 4.ready S.hot 6 light. heavy x3: I.vegetarian 2expensive 3.rice 4.local 5. national diet and appetite . 87 Ex I: Lsheahy 2.balanced 3.poor ‘low-fat x2 I-go 2eut 3.follow, stick / keep 4. watch Kh 1b 2a 3d de Se Party ernest seteeeseee nesses 88 Ex I: Linited 2.g0 3. planning 4.arrie Same 6 threw Ex 2 I.surprise 2 faneastic 3.allnight 4.noisy Exh be 2a 3b 40 Sd Section 12: Fun and entertainment fun and entertainment .....0.000cc0eccceee cesses eeseeeees paeseeeene 0) Bx: L.spoil 2.had 3.join 4. gee 5.miss Ex2 le 2g 3d 4d Sc 6a 74 © 3: I.insfight 2.family 3.free 4. popular 5.tive joke ..... Serrroreerees 91 Ex: I heard 2.get 3.laughs 4.celing & 2: hilarious 2.corny 3. dirty 4. private &% 3: I.play 2.gone 3.take EA Ib 2a Bd 4c television and programme. . 2 xl: Iewatches 2.tum 3. shown 4. switch Ex2 series 2coverage 3.presenters 4. licence x3: LLinterrupting 2 record 3.attract 4.shown Ex 4: I.favourite 2.live 3. violent 4. following concert... feEeeraned B Bet: L.cancel Zattended 3.gve 4 perform puting Ex 2: [brillant 2.farewell 3. open-air 4.live 5. badly organised Ex 3: I.ticker 2 broadcast 3. proceeds 4. venue fan and audience 94 Ex I: L.thank 2 dsappoine 3.beseged 4. packed Ex 2: big 2rival 3. devoted Ee3: Iiclapped 2.attract 3.thrilled 4. played Ex 4: Iedelighted 2.live 3.target 4.captive 5.family 6.invited Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 187answer key Ext: L.see 2shot 3.watch 4.showing 5.banned 6.appearing / starring 7. released £2: LLawardewinning 2.an action-packed 3. good 4 low-budget Ex 3: I-parts 2.enjoyment 3.screening 4. Reviews ‘music and song . feet eeeeeeeenes Ex: [.Lstening 2 composed / written 3.appeals 4. performs Ex 2° deafening 2.background 3.live 4.folk 5.cassical Ex3: beat 2 piece 3.git taste &4 Le De 3d 4a Sb Section 13: People life Ex: I.save 2. prolong 3.took 4.risk 5.lost 2 Ib 2d Be 4c Sa Ex3: Ihrest 2 loss 3.qualty 4:pace S.aspect 6. lease death bb Se aboooosueSbeadsesu6g Ext: I.hear 2escaped 3.get 4.causes 5.mourned 2 If 2d Je 4b Sa be x3: I.sudden 2.carly 3.certain 4.horrible 5. violent Ex4: I.poine 2.cause 3. event Ex: L.get 2.look 3.feel 4.lying. 5. guess Ex 2: I-early 2.old 3. impressionable 4 average 5. mental £3: Lat Zover 3.for 4.from S.of EA be 2a 3b character. errr eTeen Ex: I.transformed 2.blacken 3. reveals £2: |.judge 2 strength 3.flaw 4.stain 5. defamation x3: Ib da 3d te clothes and fashion . ce beetteeeeees Ex I: I.wear 2.pack 3.makes 4.taking 5.fit 6, put £2: I.loose 2.warm 3.clean 4. casual x3: Lup 2in 3.outinto appearance : ceveeteeeeeeseaueeees Ex I: l.improve 2.worrying 3.neglect 4.judge S.changing x2: I.untidy 2. youthful 3. deceptive 4, outward 5. physical £3: similar 2.self-conscious 3. despite 4.pride 5. change habit and routine El: LE 2D 3£ 46 5D 6E Ex 2: |.good 2 annoying 3. disgusting 4. anti-social Ex3: Ihave 2 upset. 3. changing 4.get 5. stick Ee4: ke 2a 3b 18 ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 95 96 98 9 100 - 101 02 = 103answer key Section 14: Relationships friend ee ee 106 Ex I: I.meeting 2.remain 3.became 4.visitng 5.bring 6.make 7.with 8.of 9.0n 10.out Ex2: I.good 2 best 3.0ld 4.close S.work 6.mutual Bek Le 2a 3b enemy 107 Excl: Ihave 2.made 3.face x2: le 2a 3b 4c Sd Ex3: L.attack 2.defeated 3.kill 4.recreat marriage savneseaee 108) Ex: I.save 2.broke 3.rush 4.disapprove 5. believe Ex 2: I. previous 2 happy 3.arranged 4. perfect Ex I.by 2before 3.by 4.ae Ex4: I. break-up 2.basis 3.announcement 4. years 5. offers divorce . cee 109 Ex: I.get 2.g0 3.ends 4,granted 5.wants 6.came x2 le 2a 3b 4d love eee ee 10 Ext: I.fell 2 feels 3.need 4. declared 5.sends 6. grown x2 Laffair 2 song 3.letters 4.life 5. child KR Le 2a de 4f Sb 6d FOSPECE eee cette eeeeeeeeeeeee eee e et ttteteeeeeesees HL Ex: I.have 2lose 3.treated 4.show 5. gained x2 Id 2a Ke 4b family Sopebscousea59550u650 M2 Bx: I.have 2come 3.bringing 4.start 5. support Ex 2: |.close Zimmediate 3.respectable 4, extended 5.whole 6. single-parent x3: I.friend 2member 3. opposition 4.addition 5. interests 6 baby, brains Section 15: The body and the senses [ih ponsbaeaanin so onndasesseesuceuioucaods aac sdcHssousbeopaecaL Ih! Ex I: I.modded 2. shook 3.banged / hit 4.aching 5.turned 6. hung x2: I.clear 2.big 3.bald 4. level x3 |b 2a 3d 4c (F) pone suseeee 7 scannes9snooqas009neo0ccon oe D Hs Ex I: I.shook 2. Raise / Put up 3.wash 4.held 5.tied 6. waved 7.joined x2 le 2a Bb Af Sd Ge x3: I.with 2.by 3.0n 4.off S.over ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ intermediate 189heart. Ex I Ex 2: & 3 breath fx | Bx 2: Ex 3: answer key I.beating 2.broke 3.sank 4.leapt_5.ransplanted kind 2.heavy 3. broken 4. cold from 2.with 3.by 4.from, of 5.of 6.of strain 2.protect 3.watering 4.keep 5.take 6 have 7, making Id 2a 3b 4c with 2.20 3.into 4.under 5.in Ldisappeared 2.came 3.let 4.hidden 5. keeping welcome 2. terrifying 3.beautiful 4.pathetic 5.pretty 6. common, rare Ly sight 2in sight 3. out of sight 4.0n sight 5.at first sight. 6. within sight L.blocking 2.get 3.came into 4.admired 5. spoil 6. hidden Lpoor 2. panoramic 3.clear 4.full 5.sea 6. bird's eye have 2.get 3.flls 4.love S.getting 6, detect Ved 2e Bh 4a Sb 6g Tc OF leaves 2.spoil 3.improve 4.lose 5.take L.biteer 2 metalic 3.fresh 4.authentic 5.strange 6. strong lb de 3d 4a Iuraise 2 recognise 3.shook 4.hear 5.lose 6.lower L.deep 2.soft, loudest 3. whining 4. muffled Id Qe 3a 4b I.hold 2eatch 3.take 4.smelled / smele 5. struggling lon 2under 3.in 4.oue Hd 2a Be 4b Se sleep and dream ........ ex | Ex 2: Ex 3: Ex 4 feeling & I x2: x3: 190 get Zeatch 3.disturbed 4.sends 5.get 6.goes 7.get deep 2. good night's 3. light 4. broken shad 2. appear 3. woke bad 2 vivid 3.sweet 4 recurring Section 16: Feeling and mood I.hure 2.show 3.hide 4.suppress. 5. control I.erue 2.mixed 3.sinking 4.bad 5. mutual L.guilt 2. well-being 3.apprehension 4 dissatisfaction 5. loneliness Key Words for Fluency ~ intermodiate 16 U7 hg - 120 - 121 122 123 124 126answer key mood . . Be Lechanged 2 lighten /lit 3.alfece 4 depends Ex2: confident 2.bad 3.defiant 4.lazy 5.festive 6.g00d Ba Id 2e he 4a Sb hhappiness and pleasure ............000eee00e Bx I: L-found 2.wish 3.brings x2: I-key 2 pursuit 3. guarantee Ex3: I.get 2 give 3.combine 4.18 S.read Ex 4: I-simple 2.few 3.unexpected 4.endless 5. great anger vec cdeteeveeeteeeneeees Ex: Lexpress 2.control 3.aroused 4.subside 5. feel x2: Lmoment 2.surge 3. outburst Exh Ib 2c 3d 4a fear and anxiety....0...00ccecceeeeseveeeee Ex: confront 2 Showing 3.have 4.IWe 5. overcome 6x2 Lirational 2 constant 3.sudden 4. worst 5, deep Ex: I-hide 2 caused 3.reduce 4. increased ba Lb de da worry . Ex: Lforger 2causing 3.added to 4 discuss x2: I.nagging 2.unnecessary 3.main 4 constant x3 bb de Bd 4a confidence Ex I: lose 2guined 3.boost 4. lacks S. destroyed 6 have x2: I.lack 2.blow 3.boost 4.air Eck Lb 2d 3a te disappointment and relief . Ect: Lewpressed 2avoid 3.hide 4.gee S.vas Gended Ex 2 I.look 2.sense 3. string Ex 3: I.fele 2came 3. sighed surprise and shock cl: L.have 2.g0¢ 2expresied 4 took 5. springing Ex 2 I.pleasant 2.complete 3, possible Ex Igoe 2died 3.wore 4.get S.came BA bb De 3a Section 17: Society government and election. Ex: Lelected 2.bring 3.led 4.critcised S.resign 6.form £2 I.hold 2.won 3.boycote 4.seand 5. rigged Ex 3: issues 2.seats 3.gains 4.turnoue 5. candidate ‘Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 127 - 128 129 130 131 - 132 - 133 134 136 191answer key vote Ex: Lcounted 2.have 3.winning 4. casting Ex 2: |easting 2. unanimous 3. popular 4. single x3: I.majority 2. thousands 3.result 4, share Ea: be 2a 3 society Ex I: I.live 2.dropped 3.destroying 4.create 5. integrate Ex 2: |-civilised 2 multiculeural 3.affluent 4.open 5. industrial Ex 3: I.members 2.role 3, danger 4. cross-section justice ee Ex I: [fight 2.escape 3.bring 4.denied 5. uphold 6, demanding x2: L.sense 2 miscarriage 3.fight 4. travesty LW cece eeeee eens ce veeesee ees Ex |: Ienforce 2. breaking 3.obey 4. introducing 5. change [x2 I.probibits 2.apply 3.states 4.requires Ex3: by 2above 3.againse 4,under 5. within Ed: tb 2a 3d 4c Section 18: Crime and punishment crime and criminal . rrr . . Ex |: Lecommitted 2.cut 3.fight 4.convicted 5.charged 6.s0lve Ex 2: 1Violene 2. petty, serious 3.cerible 3: LLwar 2.life 3.scene 4. vitim Ex 4: Ichardened 2.common 3.Convited 4. known offence, offender and victim eeennenennane Ex1: I.committed 2.fined 3.convieted 4, makes 5. charged £2: L.minor serious 3.first 4, capital Ex3: Iopersistent 2.frstsime 3. worse 4.sex Bea Ve 2a 3b arrest and charge (criminal). Ext: tmade 2.teading 3. escape 4. resisting Ex2: house 2.close 3. wrongful £3: I:face 2.deny 3.prove 4 presing Ex4: Iipleaded 2. cleared 3.arrested 4. appear evidence ........ee eee ee ere Ex I: Ihave 2.give 3.withholding 4. gathering 5. destroy x2: [-false 2 overwhelming 3. circumstantial Ex3: bb 2c 3a x4: bb 2 Bd 4a trial and verdict. . seeeeeeen ee ceceeeeees Ex: Ioreceive 2.broughe 3.stand 4.awaiting 5. guaranteed 6. gone Ex 2: leright 2.conduct 3. costs Ea Me 2d 3a 4b Ex 4: I.reached 2.appeal 3.returned 192 Key Words for Fuency ~ Intermedia 137 138 - 139 - 140 142 143 - 145; 146answer key sentence and fine ...... vteet eee eeeeeeeeeees AT Ex I: I.serving 2 received 3.reduce 4.deferred 5.pass x2: I. suspended 2 life 3.light 4. stiffer, lenient Ex3: I.gets Qearries 3.pay 4.imposed 5.got 6.face punishment and prison 148 Ex: I.deserves 2.receive 3. escape x2 Iceapital 2 barbaric 3. harsh, lenient Ex3 L.sent 2.g0 3.released 4. escaped Ex4: I-sentence 2 conditions, cells 3. population, service Section 19: Conflict Wal crectareiitcssiesssessseuqnessiees cs - 150 x I: declared 2 prevent 3.won A prepares Siwore 6: broke Ex 2: [full-scale 2.civil 3.futile 4. conventional, nuclear Ez Id 2b de 4a peace fMeshectsceumcsearstsesece4 150 Ex I: I.keop / preserve 2. worked 3.bring 4.live 5.made 6.threaten Ex 2: Intaks 2.ereaty 3.process 4. campaign Ex3: I.period 2 threat 3.symbol 4.plea 5.commitment 6 hopes attack... . 152 Ex I: I.eome 2earried 3protect 4.repel: launch &.dmed Ex 2: I. surprise 2.savage 3.unprovoked 4. devastating Ex 3 I. possibilty 2.target 3. ferocity Ed be 2d 3b de Sa defence........ 153 x I: [strengthening 2.broke 3.overwhelmed 4. came 62: |-serong 2.vigorous 3. effective 3 Id 2¢ Fb te Sa bomb and explosion ...... Bee 154 xl: planted 2exploded / gone off 3.dropped 4. detonate 5.threw 6.make &2 Ib 2e 3a Ex 3: I.shook,shactered 2.caused 3. heard Ex4: Itime 2series 3.force 4.reports casualty... eee eee ss Ex: suffered 2 resulting 3.reduce 4. inflicted 2 I.civilan 2road 3.heavy ER bb de Be weapon and gun 156 Ex I: L.supplying 2.banned 3.Lay 4. develop. Ex 2: I.murder 2.superior 3. offensive 4.hidden 5. lethal Ex3: I-fired 2earry 3.wene 4.loaded Ex 4: Lwith 2.out 3.t0 4.at 5.down Koy Words for Fluency — Intormediate 193answer key dispute and strike seeeees Ec: Iesetied 2 handed 3. tvohed A intervene 2 bb de Be 4a Sd Ex 3: LLavert 2hold 3.lead 4. break 5. disrupted campaign and demonstration .....- Bc: I-support 2.conducted 3.launched 4.led Ex 2: I-advertising 2. election 3. publicity 4. anti-obesity Ex3: [held 2.took 3.led 4. break Section 20: Communication language pbape0de00 Ex: [speak 2acquire 3.translated 4. mastered Er be 2a 30 4b Sd Ex3: Lin for 3.of 4.in conversation . Bc I: Linarropted 2-cary 3.monopolied 4. got 5. overheard Fx 2: private 2.sensible 3.police 4. civilised Ex [topic 2are 3.middle 4.tone §.lull/ break 6. snatches discussion .........c0605 Ex I: Lhave Leake 3. generated 4. widen £2 heated 2 lengthy 3.fullfrank 4.detalled 5. fruitful £3: Litem 2level 3.deal BA be 2d 3a 4b speech. . Bc: made 2. prepared 3.devoted 4 ncerruped 5. aol 2 be De 3g 4d SH ba 7b secret, rumour and lie. Exl: L.keep tell 3.have Ex 2: Indark 2 closely-guarded 3.open 4. best-kept Ex 3: ILheard 2 confiemed 3. going 4.started 5.denied Ex: Lteling 2believe 3. spreading Section 21: Information news ceeeeeeee es ‘i panpacad Ex I: Leell 2.waited 3.heard 4.celebrate S.catching 6 made 7. break Ex2- I-bad,good 2.good 3. latest 4. great Ex3: be de BF 4d Sb 6a message Ex I: Leake 2.sone 3.got A.gve Spas 6. leave x2: I.good-luck 2.new 3.garbled 4. urgent ER bb Be 3a 4d 194 Key Words for Fluency — Intermodlato . 157 158 160 161 162. - 163 = 164 - 166 167answer key document 168 Ex I: L-signed 2 delver 3.e-mail 4.shred 5. checked 6 produce Ex 2: Loriginal 2 enclosed 3.important 4.forged 5. confidential Ex3: L-saving 2 create 3.print 4.send,receive 5.edit 6. scroll article ce cbeeeeteeeteeeeeeeees en : 169 Ex: |-appeared 2.contains 3.covers 4.Read S.written 6. published 7. criticises x2 | fascinating 2. informative 3. whole 4. critical x3: lend 2.copies 3.series 4 summary letter... eee ee eee 170 Ex I: I.got/ received 2. addressed 3.signed 4.post 5. wrote, reply x2 le 2d 3a 4b x3: I.sympathy 2 support 3.complaint, apology 4.resignation 5.application 6, recommendation ES Beeson soe onoaoee 71 I.delvered 2.sorted 3.checked 4.forwarded I redirected S.open 6.answer L.junk 2.hate 3.frstcass 4.unopened 5. snail 6.fan Correct words are I. mail is 2.letter 3. mail 4.mail 5.letter 6, letter advert, publicity and reputation snstseisees([72 Ex I: I.seanned 2 placed 3.responded aimed &.inuence 6 appeared Ex2 Ie 2a 3d te Sb Ex I.save 2has 3.gnined 4.living 5.lose 6 ruined Section 22: Technology machine 22... SungoonRGEe ECHR Ee saddpeeBesuaanedaeed LEG! Bx: install 2. operate 3.invented 4.swiching 5.repared feed 6, dismande 2: |. performing 2.broke 3.work 4. runs &3 lb 2a de te Sd equipment....... ee Ex: I.use 2tested 3.handled 4.hires 5.invested 6. installed &% 2: I.proper 2.Faulty 3. special 4.fragile 5.latest 6. sensitive x3: I.tools 2 instruments 3.stuff 4.appliances 5. apparatus 6, devices computer and internet ...... Peer ere o i76 Ex I: leshut 2erash 3.hacking 4.be 5. perform Ex 2: I.viruses 2 games 3.software 4.dating 5.screen 6. programs x3: I.shop 2.spread, download 3. surfing 4, connected Gault eee 7 Ex: I.repair 2discovered 3.report 4.develops 5. check Ex 2 I.technical 2.common 3.electrical 4.minor 5. serious, design Pepa eee ee eee beceeeee ee Ex I: Iundergoes 2.cost 3.needs 4. carried, completed x2: L.major 2.minor 3. essential 4. simple x3: Lworth 2need 3.programme 4.cost Bed: be 2d Ba 4b Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate 195accident ecommodaton avert ae anger ancy ppearance apeite appoinement arte aera tudience bomb breach bling campaign eh ‘aly character charge ‘charge (criminal) clothes competion computer confidence counery minal age ‘death debe deft defence ‘aly ‘demonstration descnaon ee doeace ash ‘Seappoinemene ecution ‘depute ‘vorce ‘document rear arc drug drug (eg) uty 198 alphabetical list of words ” 4 m i 4 129 0 103 7 ™ 44 69 152 4 Isa a a 158 3 m 135 101 a 144 102 él 76 3 '6t ha "1 33 Maa Ma % 2» 3 13. 41 158 4“ a7 ma 1a. 157 109 rr 124 % 2 earthquake ‘ueaton ‘section remy snerey equipment fendence ‘opens explosion oe ‘amity fin fare faehion faut fear fee feeling fim foe tre Aighe food food forwne frend fumes fun fame Eorernment on abe hand happiness head heath heart hese holy ome omework tess infection inury Je joke Iustce Key Words for Fluency ~ Intermediate e 3 136 ‘07 6 %0 a6 156 104 us ae ia 3 Ne B 8 2 55 ° 70 50 76 3 20 31 139 langwage law lerson lec le fe lake ‘operation ‘offence ‘offender pin pay passenger prspore Py peice pleasure pallion pracece pace prson pee programme publcny punishment qealifeion rebel repair reputation respect rub 160 40 1% a a B 88 2 a 36 ist he 7 55 M8 2 im Me. salary savings shock sige sence sl steep mel smoking souery song speech sport salt rena erke surprise symptom television temperature trae traning wal ve verdict victory wage weapon ‘weather world worry 36 » tea “7 4 ty 14 18