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    BEHAVIUOR AND PROPERTIES

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    25 views23 pages

    A Review On Properties, Behaviour and Processing Methods For Al - Nano

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    eshwari
    BEHAVIUOR AND PROPERTIES

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    sx oe pes ® ScienceDirect Procedia Materials Science goa Available online at www.sciencediract.com ELSEVIER Procedia Materials Science 6 (2014) $67 - 589 ‘wualsevercomloctepocedin 31d International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterisation (ICMPC 2014) A Review on Properties, Behaviour and Processing Methods for Al- Nano Al,O; Composites Dinesh Kumar Koli*, Geeta Agnihotri’, Rajesh Purohit? “Rosgarch Setar, Mariana Azad National insttate of Pacheco Bhopal, idle 462084 ‘Propssey, Maulana 420d Notonal Insntuse af Technology, Bhopal Incbar€2051 “assoctae Progissor, Mander Aoad Notional insta of Tackobogy, Bhopal, néta 462082 Abstract Nanotechaology is spreading vastly in the various demanding fields of engineering and medicines like serospace, defence, automobiles, electronics, maferials, chemisry, energy, environment, iafceration & commpnicatica, ccasimer gocds and bio- technology. Tt crested a bigh impact oa development of iem generation nano materals with advanced featores and wide mange of ther applications, Reinfccoement of submicron of nano-cized particles with aluminum matris yrelds soperion mechanical ané physiesl properties and changes morphology aud interfacial cheraclanstice of nano-composites. A wide range of research has boa: done on the processing methods and material properties of Al-Al0; nano-compocites. Recently, ulascnie assisted cashing, uno-sintenng, powder metallurgy, high energy ball milling, Ftcbien sti process ane being apphed forthe production of Al-Al:03 ‘nano-composias in which agglomeration ofthe reinforcing particles causes grain grow resulting changes in the microstructure Control of tie grsin size by minimizing agglomeration of isno particles and retaining the enhanced microstructure during these processes hss become a challenging task Tis area is further locked-for research work to control the microstructures under ‘various processing conditiens, (© 2014 Published byElsevir Led This s an open access ancle unde the CC BY-NC-ND lisease -nd'3.0). Section and peer review under cesponsibilty of the Gokarsiu Rangaraju Insitute of Engincering and Technology (GRIET) Keywords: Alvainivm: Nano alumina. Processing maiods, Al- AlsCs Nanocomposites, Mechanical Propetes, Nano paticles; Nano (intpzscreativecommons.ora/iceasestby. 1. Introduction Nanotechuology refers to the field of engineering and technology which coutrols matter on an atomic aud molecular scale. It deals with structures with at least one dimension in the unnometer range or Less than 100 nanometers, about cne-thousaucth the diameter of a hmman hair the scale of the atoms or small molecules. Below 1 * Corresponding thor Tel. +0s000-000-0000; fee +0-000-000-0000, omar aires + pueobal Goede] com, 2211-8128 ©2014 Published by Hlsevir Ltd, This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (np ezeativecommonsorsMicensesby--nd.0/) Sclection and peer eview under responsibilty ofthe Gokaraju Rangaraje Instiutc of Bnginccring and Technology (GRIET) oi: 10.1016F}mspr0.201407.072 si Dinesh Karwar Ko su at (Pe o Mar % nanometer, the properties of mmtersls become familiar and peedictabie (lie domain of chemistry aud stomie plysies) Eehvardet al, (2010): Froes (1998), Seal et al. (2004); Timms, Ponton aud Strangwood (2002) shown that nanotechnology is 4 wide ronging technology which finds applications in many tecuaical dieviplanes inclwding but ‘ot limited to cheruistry, bielogy, physies, material scienee, electronies, MEMS, self-assembly ete. Nano-structures have the ability to generate mew features and perform new fimctions that are more efficient thn nnl/or cannot be performed by Langer structures sad wiachines, Nanoteclaology ie based upon new appeoadher like molecular sdf assembly with dimensions on the nan scale to investigate whether we can directly contrel matter on the atomic scale, Seal ef al. (2004); Veeresh, Rao nny (20404) reported that due te the cmall dimensions of meno-motcrials, their phyacal’chomical propestics (ee. etability, hardacse, condwetivity, reactivity, opical semsitivity. melting point, ae can be manipulated to improve the overall properties of coaventional materials At nanometer scales, the aurface properties ctart becoming more popular than the ball: properties, generating uniqiie wiatezial attributes and chemical reactions, More essentially, the elect aie structure of materials becomes cize-dependent a= the dimensions cater the nanascale, Hence, the aptical propestics, clucknis ight absonption aust exmission Dvehavior, will be altered. The fact tliat nanoscale feafures are stualler th the wavelonath of visible photons also iinpacts lit scattering. enabling the design of nano-crystalline ceramics that are as transparent ay gas: Changes in ie bouding af the swlace of a sano particle will allect the electron structure ae well, aud the implications for the scastivity of the aurface cou be significant. Materials reduced to the namo scale cm sow diflerent properties compared to what they exhibit on 2 macro seale, enabling: unique applications, One example is the increase in surface arca to volume ratio altering mechanical, thermal and catalytic propeties of materials. Tor ecanple, opagpte substances become transparent (copper): table suaterials combustible (almuinnm): insoluble materials become soluble (sold). A material uch as sold, which is eheiically ert ak worn scales, cam serve as a polenl chemical calalyst at namo scales. ‘Much of the fascination wi stems from these quanti and ewrface plienomena that matter extibits atte aan scale hwo or tmore materials or insoluble ia eme another, possessina properties hare siqverive Lo any 0 dhe commoner materials. Pasir af al. (2009); Seal ek al. (2004), Venel, Ra an Bubie (2004) defined sanocomposites ass a class of malerials iat contin al Heist one pubase willy consti lvents ine the nanometre sie range (Lina — 10 ma}, Nanocomgrosite is: a molliqelase mlesial which Has mame prastiches in its compe be less iat 100 am. The propenties inelibsg mechanical, elev cal annd (ennal my cblfer depencinsc ace tie compvsition of the materials used fiw the syndliets of the composites. Orden ef sl, (2008) snd Veeresh, Rao sn Selvary (2011) shown at the simustme sl the properties: of eam ‘composites are controlled by the type and size af the reingoscemen!, malie of buning scl processing leclaicpte The amotnt, size and ditiibation of reinforcing particles ia the metal unatrix play an impestant and critical rele in cubrensing of Limiting the ovceall propertics of the composite matcrial, Keiaforciag slmniaium mattix with meh eausller particles, ewbmicron or nano-sized tanee, is one of the key thotor in prodocias bish-perfoamance composites, whiel: siclde tinproved mcchewical peopertice A simple exemple of a normal compote is the eoucrete in our houses. it ie a composite of cement. cand, and metal rod. These composition changes the overall property of the material need. It becomes ao hard that it can withstand tounce of load cqmally. “Lhe uicehanieal, clectncsl, thormial, optical, electrochemical aud catalytic properties of the naaocomposite will defor markedky from that of the component materiale. Pedro, Satyanarsyana and Fernsiide (2009) ceposted that certain size effects which govern the property of theae material: is slmaclare, the sire + Leas than 5 um for catalytic activitice netic mraberials © Less than 20 nm for making Hare © Lege than 50 am for eetiactive andes chun * Less than 100 um for achieving super magnetism = Less than 100 ran for Mechanic strengthening or restricting matrix dislocalion meen + Less than 100 nm for Producing toughening Pines Kumar nl) 50? = 589 9 al. ¢ Poveda Materials © Less tian 100 for Madityinug iar nese and plasticaty Ronald (2010) hae explained that nanocomposites differ trom conventional composite materials due to the exceptionally high aurface to volume ratio of the reinforcing ptiase of its exeeptiot h aspect tio. The surface ares-to-Volume ratio, A/V, for a spherical particle is inversely proportional to its radius, so A/V for a nanometre sized pavtache will be 1000 tintes wreater than A/W foe a mictoneazed particle The large A/V ratios and resulting large pore volunes for porous hollow mmostmetures make dhem particularly attractive for unidtifumetional delivery of deus aad bio terial can be nace up of particles (ex minerals), sheets (@ exfoliated clay stacks} or fibres (ex, carton mnotubes). The aren of the interface between the aatrix Heanforcenent phise(s) is typically au order of siaznitiide greater than for couventionsl composite materials. The malrix material propesties: are sianificanily affected it dhe viciwity of the reinforcement This large anton reinforcement surface ares esas that a relatively. sn of riaoscale flfect car the iscro scale properties of the composite Foe example, adding carbon the dectrical amd thermal conductivity. Other kinds of na particalates way result operties, dielectic properties, Heal resistance or mechanical properties such se illness, slrenall and resistance 10 Iomage. Tn general, the nawo renforeen ‘The percentage boy weight is of the order of 0.5% fo 5% due te the Low filler percolation threshold, cepecially for the moot commonly need non-spherieal, high agpect ratio fillers (e.@ nanometre-thin platelets. auch a clays, or nanometre- diamncter cylinders, evel a earbon nanotubes) yper of \aoconposttes a) Commie Matrix Nanocompecites (CNC) 1b) Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (MMNC} ) Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites (PBINC) 2) CERAMIC MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITES (OMNC is oceapied by a cera aes, ceramiccmatris tmelalfic one and the cer 1 i's on of compass tes Me matt paar of be volun se. chemical compound from the arauqy of oxides, ibrides, borides, silicides ele Tred composites encompass a metal as Ute secon] commputenl, Telly bod vompanents, dhe sc ome, are Finely dEspersesl in each other in onder lo elicit the particalar nanoscoyie Duperties Nanocomposites inqmave their oplical, electrical ome imagwelic properties as well as ibulogical, Consiou-resistance sad other proteckive propatice. Coramic Matix Nenovompositer auclude ALO 3H, SiQ4/ Mi, MOTO, MaOySHC, A OYCHT ale, by METAT. MATRIS NANOCOMPOSITES (MMNC):+ Met matrix wanocomposiles (MMINCY refer condsting wa duatile wetal a allay malris in which some nansviced reinfircernend mialerial ts tmplandesl, These walerials combine well and ceranwic fealmes, ie, ductility ancl fomuglnes will Wight stress and modklisx Thies, ‘nietal matix nanocomposites are anitable for production of materials with high streagth in shear/eompression processes and high service temperstiwe capabilitics. hoy show au cxtraorckuary poteutial for application in many Areas. atch a8 aerospace. autamotive industies and other nictal Matix Nanocomposites include ANAL. AU'SiC. BeoCt! AbOs, Nii Al/Os, Cole, ¥e/M8O, AVCNT, MA'CNT ete ¢} POLYMER MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITES (PMINC):- J itsper Jatin very dramatic degsee, by sitmply capilalicang on the 1 filler. This steateay is particulaily effective in yicldins hieh performance composites, when so0d dispersioa of the filler is achiew The properties of the nanoscale filler are silvslantially uflerent or eller than these of the matrix. ¢2. reinforcing a polymer manix by much stiffor nanoparticles of ceramics. clays, or carbon nanotubes Polymer Matix Nanocomposites include themoplastieithermoset polymerlayered silicates, polyceter'N polymer CWT. polyier/layered double hydroxides feria Le ae ‘Nano-composite materials have emerged as jones of necro-compposites 5m Dinesh Karwar Ko at (Pe o Mar % 14) 567 — 508 nd) monolitiice, whi oicléoneley im the Posing preparation challenges related to the control of elemental composition and woclister phase The following are the advantages of aauo-composites over coaventional 1. Greater Lensile and flesaual strength as compared to uta 2. Reduced weight for the same performance 3 Increased dimensional stability {High modulus of elasticity and wear resistance 6. ‘High thermal stability: ‘Tniproved yas barrier propresties for le saute f “Floe retar dana pecgperties 8. Thigh temperature creep resistance 12. Hhagher-denical resstance. “Mara Falwardl et al, 2010); Proes (1994). Mesuli, Sineli and Reihaui (2006); Mabboot, Saijal anil Zebarjae (2008), Woe and Lee, (2007): Remtald (2010) have stated Ue applicaticars of wanoconpostbes in various fields like aerospace, defence, automobiles medicine, electronics, materiale, marine, industrial aad construction markets ete. ‘Ube other applications Tawi uly nuer electrolytes (oe balleries te parts el ite (arb 1 eapmciloes Loe connpmiler cpt: (Oxygen and gas miter Fool yackasing, Deng delivery system A Anitiscorvasion Darvier ecabinays 9. TTY protection gel 16 Tasbricaits aml serabeh free pain “LL. Now fire retardaat materials 2. Now serselvabrasica resistant materiale 15. Superior streugth fibers and films 1.3 AWALOs Nanagonmpnsiles Tows et al (2009) stoown im their study rat dhe Lo Hight weight andl high specie: streng reinforced slawinimn composites are alimuedive structural materials for varios domains s nerorpace applications. An pli jal strength an ductility ives Alun nanncomposttes (AMNC) a wide rage of advanced. appli ped (1998); Mula el al, (2009) ‘wade conmpariscer oF pare AL will 2.1 vol vano-Al303 adektions mel fons yeewernent in yield streregth ol around i, hariress of around $e an tensile strensaly of aroimud sm Domiinigme ef al. (2010) reported im their rasonic assisted easing to disperse 20° w(% mano-AlyO (10 am) int alumina pure Al cx by the ame method, compote wed! by O28 anc the y hy 64%, Tleer. a (2010) resulled that besanse ‘wie! thermal conductivity of aluaiainm, a wide vasicty of reinforcemout particulates ench ag AlbO3. $i, Bu, ALN, SiNy TIC. “LiG,, THB, sad sraphite have beca ceinforced into it Among these particulates, ALO; SiC, BeC, TB, ackktioms unproved the wear belaviour of alvuisitina matex: composites \ price + eomnintaion Dinesh Kamar Kol: etal. /Pmcedia Materials Science 6 (2014) 567 ~ S89 The basic process of powder metalluray consists of three major stages. First, the primary material is physically powdered into many stnall individual particles. Then, the different powders of metals and /or ceramics are mixed in required proportions. Ball milling may be performed to aclieve mechanical alloying of powder uixtures for better mechanical properties. Next, the powder is injected into a mold or die and compacted on a press to produce a weakly cohesive structure close to the cimensions of the object ultimately to be manufactured Finally, the prochict is formed by applying high temperature. pressure, long setting times, or any combination thereof. After, secondary operations like extrusion, heat treatment or machining ete, may be done Mazen ad Aled (1998) mixed pre-weighed pure alumina powder (Alz0;) with pure aluminium (Al) powder through the use of a meckonical mixer and four different compositions, Al-OwtAl203, Al2.SwI%eAl203, Al- SwloAlo03, & Al-L0wt%@Al203 were prepared ‘The AI-Alz03 powder mixture was then hot pressed at 723 K for 4 fusing the hot-pressing setup shown in Fig.1, using a compaction pressure of 74 MPa on the 24 mm diameter billets. The hot-pressed billets were then hot extmcied and the extrnded rocls were used as specimens for different tests, SEM revealed the presence of porosity and patticlevich areas in the matrix as well as debonding of some alumina particles under fracto-zraphic examination chte to weak bond strength and large difference between the melting points of Al and AlOs, In liquid phase processing, wettability is achieved only at high processing temperatures (>1173 K). Compaction and Extrusion Powder Mixture All dims. in: mms Fg { Hot presing and extrasion bap (2004) tock commercial pure alumiuium powder containing 38 ppm Cu, 20 ppm Si, 38 ppm Mg, 18 ppm Mu, aud 1200 ppm Fe. The mean particle size of this gas-alomized powder was about 28 un Nanomettic spherical AlzOs powder with a purity of at least 98.5% was used as the reinforcement. The mean particle size was about 50 nm. The ahimininm powder was mixed with different volume fraction (17 vol.%) of ‘Alz03 powder in pure ethanol sturry. Mixed powders were dried at 150°C and then compacted by CTP. In order to compare the mechanical properties of the nano-metric particle-reinforced aluminium composite with the fs Recaro 2084) 502 — 589 o Mar tnicrometsic particle enforced al composite, 4 10 Vol% SiC, (13 pins)/AL composite was fabeieated following the some route All compacted billets were sintered im vacwm at 620°C for 2 h. Finally, the cintered compacts were extruded at 420°C with a reduction ratio of approximately 36:1, to form bars of 1Smau in lanneter All specimens were subjected to an aniteal heat trentinent at 360°C: for 2h. The result showed that the manometric particulates improve the ruechangcal properties in the monolidae system, The major strength mechanism was the Crowan atrenetitening by these particulates, However, as the particnlate volume fractiou increased, the exteat of imwlomerations of the parkculates increased, when it exceeded 4 vol, the aswlomeraticn reduce the amount of effective’ nano-particnlates available, and the particle streagttening effect diminishes, 2. Processing Methods of AUAIO; Nanocomposites Metal snatrix nanocomposites (MMNCS) are m classified ae (2) liquid-state processes: air casting. ecmecze casting, ultynsoaic-1: pressures: infiltration, and dispersion methods, (b) slid sate processes powder meta ‘variations in the processing steps 6g. hot isostatic pressing, cold iso-etatic pressing. hot eke pressing, dynamic competion , sme (e) Hiquid-solid processing: compi-cisti groupe arive fiom difficultice iu musing the two phiaces thoroughly, difficult determination of critical tunperature for iy andlor wedatabely. at Lerfice, ax well as harvafal ablemts dive to ta adie s-reinlorcemend suiller (ype, ball Lo F Sloarscteristics: of tte balls amd lieder speed anil lemperate, aml process coulral agent inlluenice the stages of walling, Upon swillin, volume fraction, he particle ice and the (ype af the reinforeesment alse alTeek the process. Rava ef al, 2006) producer! alumniniam powder by uatrogen wis alemizaion process The particle sive amd sworphalogy of Al powder were detenained by 3 laser particle sive analyvar and a STINT respectively ancl found thal Ue puarietes are almost spherical with [he mean diameter of 4pm, Tass grades of a-\lz0, powders wills average patide aze of 35 am (7-AbO) aad Lyn ACH) were ward. Storie aid powder was weed as the process control seeut (PCA), Lie Al powder was blended with $ volte Al,Q, aad 1 $ wre PCA in s hurbula 12C mixer foe 20 mia “he powdes uurtuses ware then ancchawicelly auiled in a plauctary ball mail with # bardvacd stood veraed nude a ‘high purity argon atmnoephere np to 21h rhe rotational speeds of 250 cpm and ball to powder weieht ratio of 10:1 ‘were cuploved ln differear saace of MA. sinall amenat of the milled powders were collected for testing Altuuismm powder without alumiae addition wae also preccezed at the game coucktion. Jt wae ford thet the auiling sazce include plasti¢ deformation. micro-weldins. and pastiele irazicatation when hard alumina particles are addled to aluigua powder, the fractnre occurs earlier. aud thus the steady-state condition. Le, formation of equi- med particles, is achieved after shoster milling time. The balls density of composite powders was fond tobe hisher thaa that of uurcinforecd Al. Micamwhile. st was shiown that the mechanical mulling stages occur caclice ta LALO snjcro- composite compared to the nano-composite posite powders, Use Tresabi et al, (2007) ullizesd ‘nanoparticles with average sve compote prvder ud tearic aciel were wed a Ihe saring malenial Ml 5.0 vole Al;O5 io ie shanking proweders in 2 Turbala TLC mixer 12 (oul) were nized. Th order to compressibifity behavior of was milled for 72 tins ina planetary ball mall ander a high pusity argon atmosphere 15 wi stenme aciel was usedd te the milling process control agent (PCA), The rotational speed of 250 rpry and the ball to powder charge 1 the same condition Lo he compresslily, The compeessbility of AD aed ALS vol.te n-AT0s powders jgated. The compress the blended! and willed alundriivan nastomnelsi bs the samme Fen etal ponvdder compaction, The consol effect of Ue hard nana parficles 0 suring wrinsial compaction was inv 12 particles exhi Pines Kumar nl) 50? = 589 sm al. ¢ Poveda Materials generated by two phenomena’ particle rearrangement (Stage [) and plastic defommation (Stage I). The addition of hard nanoparticles to almninim powder by mixing improves the densification capasity at Stage I dor to disintegration of the clusters and agalomerates mder the applied Load and filling the voids between the matrix portisles. ‘The plastic defonnation capacity of the milled composite powder wae found to be lors than that of the blended powder. shoving the effect of cistibmted nanoparticles on tie work-hardening rate and the hardaess af the atuininitins mate, Woo and Lee (2007) used pare Al, Mig. Cx, Si and SiO, pounder (average particle ze 70, 30, 20, $0 and 40pim, reapectively} im their experiments The compositions of the powder mixture were Al-.4 whe Mg-14 wits S102 and Al wtte Cu-d wits Si? wha SiO, powder, respectively. To prevent powder oxidation, the powders were scaled in stainless stccl vial under an argon atmemphere diag ball milling. Lhe weight ratio of ball to powder wae HL. Milling of the mixed powders wae conducted for 1a h using an SPEX Sewn Micee/MMill, The characterization rodiuctine foe the acauilled powtler was pert 2 scamning electron microscopy (SEM) an wmisston electron microscopy (TEAC). Ditfereatial thenual analy-as (NTA) was comdicted to determine (he ee SOC for 2 Lemperaure lr BOSC! wi ube " falrdcated by TIEMME, Nunior anid ur aubsivesize AlyCy particles were lowogeweously clistriuted in dhe Al aval Tigh energy all malting can decrease the lemperature of Uke im stlu displacement reaction md nceae the 3 fale: The fecual strenglt of te sintered specinen (1.2 CiP2) using ADO 46 Mg-1490 SiO; powder m was aboul four Giies tat o's tbe sintered spectuieat (S00.1P3) useing as-mixed powder ‘Drurai al al, 2007) used aluminum porwelans (99.7% pamly, 20 yar fz), Ze aml CuO prowedens (98-58% yaw reinforcement Tevel in the prevent syntheses of all systems of composite nsistire AL 6063, AL6063/1.3 Vol6Al05, AL 6N6B/I.3 Vol 86305 amd AL 5 voLPGAM;Oy0.65 vel a3 nano-composites: were synthesize using powder medalluruy tec syuthesss process involved blending of elemental powders of AL 606% composiizon and the reintoecen sszed powelers iu a (wo station Tnesunart Syslemis, aboralory seale high-energy plimelary Lall willl 200 rma for core ‘mel halt honrs. Wo ball and process eceitral agent were wed dhing the blending process The blended powder was ‘regarded as the Oh mechanically rwilled poweler, Powder Deuce were ten nswiaet Systems, Tryderabad, Tuia.) with he following parsmidters: charge val swiss of balls: 288 ball diamefer- 16uma, ball snalerial: Hardewed stainless sleek: 10. of ball: 1: plate speetk 150 ‘pi: viol epee: 400 pon: vial material: barclened stainless stect: A total of 75 mal of Yolmenc (°C) (Sulphur free) ‘was added in cach vial to control the process im order to avoid formation of intor-metallic componads deans snilling “the constitwenat powders were milled continously for 10 h “Ihe bigh-enersy’ milling time was the time “ucecsvary to complete the mechanical alloyine process. ‘Ihe milling process was eystematically stdicd by extracting powder samples for every 10 b te Know the grain refinement aad mucso-ctroctural changes. ‘The ball milling experiments wore stopped periodically for every 15 min sad then rcenmed for 15 min, in order to avoid eisnificont temperetws rise. Powder samples ac designated by ALONO313ALOs, AMWGNLYO, md Al (60650 65410,.0.65Y,0,, Itwas fomud that the composite powder reinforced with both almins and yrtia cesulte in unmch better ceduction ia crystallite size, which is duc to the inrcaec in fracture tendency. Hish-cacray wet ball snilling method veed for the proparation of nano-composite powders with nano particice reinforcement reealted in ‘refined miceostrucmce and randomly oriented interfacial erain borudaties Which 18 the charsctevisti¢ of particles at steady-state coucition Better puticle ize distribution wae ottaiged in AlG0O3/AL,0,"s., naae-compecite powde tes distinguistied from ts hve Uo the balusive between welding and fiaclare wiich en aiximment of sLeady-ale cond te 820 sl re Ravavi-Towsi ef al, (2011) alilived a Ligh pity aluminean power (aniide size: tin) was separately Saud 7 v6 OF MRTO sluines (zp 500 man) ara alinina mume-poweler. Ti over Gi calenfate Wie wean jarlide dive of mano-ulieiina powder, Tromauer Th sqiherical particles, a particle sze of 3 mn Thy HET analysis he dsy. "Te vasones ising stainless steel cap and balls in Toluene mea, The b ‘powder valio was 24-1 and the mill speed wax 300 RPM The prodhiced powelers were diesd Tn onder to oftain green samples, the powers were pressed by an isostatic press al | CP: posqihere, he green samples were sintered al 640°C: for 30, 60, 120, 240 anc 480 rnin in the Ar atnosphere ning a tube fimace “The Archimedes method was used to obtain deasity of the green aad sintered samples, the samples were beaed in sinethanol for 0.5 and snaked for 0.5 bt Weight of the eamplee was micasared in dry. wet and soaked conditica for cbtauning the densities, Effect of a uniform dispersion of aluauina particles on compaction aad sintering bebavice of Al matiix nanocomposite was studied Pressability of uaocomposite powdees deeceases a3 the particle size of eunforcement phase decreases or ats volume fraction increases. ‘ais effect las bean explained by the effect of al. ¢ Poveda Materials nl) 50? = 589 sm Pines Kumar reinforesument phase on the strength of composite powders A similar beaviow was observed sintering behaviour acciibed to the presence of nlumina particles at the sources from which matter Moreover. th ed grain growth of Al mutrix profimudly decelerated neck growit or coarsening mieclianisns, Which resulted in stabilization of mitial pores ‘Martin et al. (2011) used air atouiized AL powder of technical prully (99.694). Nominal dameters dy ~ 0.68pm, Lyon, aid dym2.51 yeah Were delersiened by Syuupatee HELOS laser hilliaetion method. Al powder featiwed aluuulant fine powiler partite detached on the sulace. Each powder particle reprevents (by ussite DET method. BET dameter was calculated according cher ~ 64(DET “pa, where pay is the density of Al, Due to irregular morphology of powder Father small dgg7 ~ O.48pun was abtsined Calculated ALO; conten! on as-atommzed AL powder, using an average tide Ux diness of 3 ni, Was found to be 3.6 volta 1.5 wo axy gee comlend om loose pomaders wae detersnined by hol was extraction Taos poweler was cold iso-sbtically preswed (CTP) at 200 MPa with vacuugu acsislance peiar Concedidation. As proved by meriy porosimetry, CTP pretforsne exbuteted pores distiution with -789% of all pores fonnd within 32-Gtam cize and median pore radins 48 am. Archimedles's density and merenry porosimetry ngasureisuts coufirined rdative deustics of CU powder prcforms to be 89% of theoxctical deusity, CL preforms were compacted by direct extrsion (DE). forsing (F) or hot isostatic pressing (HUY) DE was performed at an extrusion femperanire of 430°C. averse ram specd -LmmeI using extusion rato R= 11:1. Kstrusion pressure moaitored during DE consolidation reached a breakthrough value of 936 Mia, F was performed using o spindle press st-15U°C. 90 kl of press cnerey and a masimam specd of $S0 mme-L. Ne pawder surface teamnent wae donc prior DE and F. Wacwnm degassing of cammed CIP prefomus at 850°C for 14h was performed prior HUE Once eudicicatty low vacumm (-10 Pa} wae reached, HIP at Su0-C mider LOUDADs proseure-far 2 h dwell was performed Alteruntively to HUY, vacuuu sintering of CLP preforms within tompersture reaze 150-550" for 12h dwell time and 10 | Pa vacntum preseure- wae carried out az well. In order to etudy the thermal stability of compacted materials Air annealing at remperstirce of 480"C for 436 h SOO“C for U1 hand S20°C for 21 h was applied. Itwaz shove, that differcat powder metallungy processing romes (extmsion. forging. and MiP sintesing) trongly affect the properties cof sudbsecpiesh five (ely ~ ty) aloesived AL 0.886 powder compacts. TL was winly dive to the sifferest ‘was dete distribution, morphology aed inlercommectivily of AlO, present on the surliee of ae-alomived powders aller conpachion, Txlnesonm and TITP: (Bsruped tative AlbOs layer slewise compact xrain howudiries Poraing yielded composite structures a cominasoas inderpenetratinug ALO, skelelon, All compacts showed lowg-lrm ern evleanved mectanical Properties up to 430°C. Ga lop of il, eontinuows Ayo skelelow within AL matrix ted Gr superior anectiani cat properties: ad creepy perluniimce of Forged congiacls af elevated Lemparalizes up te 400°C: Turtliernore, elem elabinetsl grain bovandaries aseired higher rom lemperalire dhecllily ancl comebuctivily of ectrled asta TTP cena 21m afavaleery ef al, (2000) sloy ({wl2G}: 7-5 88,038 Mg, MO Fn, 0.001 Ca, 0.106 Pe and AI (balance)} as the snntrix material while tl jo A falta) aaticles wills averae paride size of S0nm and alumiowm particles with average size of Lom was uscd as the rcimforcements “rhe powders were miived fm the ralio of AIVALO— 167 and bull milled in isopropyl alcobol for 20st usin W balls ‘The nisture was then dried in 2 rotary vacuum evaporator aud passed theonsh a Gl mesh sereca, ‘The powder isles were cold pressed under 200MPa inlo simples having: stom -stmenéémendmension. The compacted samples wore crushed and thea paswed through G0 mesh scrcem Fox uuaumfactuing the MMCe, 0.75, 3.25, 35 HES vol. ALO, puticles were useel The reapires! amount oF AlyC was ealealnted nvcoreling to tke ratio. af AVAL, ‘The metal matrix composites have been produced by using a vortex method Approximately, 14) 2 of Al- 356 allay wax charged inlo the crucible made from geaphite, and healed up te 800°C (above the alloy lis temperature) for molting. ‘The graphite stirrer fixed on the mandral of the dilling machine was introduced iuto the ‘melt and positioned just below the surface of the mell. Approsimately, Ia powder mishere was inserted ile sm sluinininins foil by forming & packet “The packets were added ute moltea metal of crucible whoa the vostes was formed al every 208. The prackel of mck the-panticles started to cisritmie sroema the allay sample, Tt 18 Dinesh Kunsar Koi etal. / Pmcedia Materials Science 6 (2014) 56 ‘was stirred for 15 min at approximately 600 spm speed. Composite surry was poured into preheated cast iron moulds, The composites were shaped in the form of cylinder of 14 mm outer diameter aud eight of 140 mm. SEM micrographs indicate that nano- ALLO: particles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the composite samples. ‘The grain size measurements show that the grain size of aluuinium composite is smaller than that of monolithic aluminium. Porosity level increased stighily with increasing particulate content. ‘These results can be attributed to the increased surface area of the nano- Al;0; patticles which can in tum increase the porosity levels. The yield strength, UTS and ductility of nano- AlsOs reinforced aluminium composites improved with the increase in volume fraction of nanoparticles. The great enhancement in values of UTS observed in this experiment is due to stall particle size and good distribution of the nano- Al,O- particles, effective transfer of applied tensile Load to the nano Al,Os particulates and grain refinement of aluminitin matrix, The harduess of the MMCs increases with the volume fiaction of particulates in the alloy matrix due to the increasing ceramic phase of the matrix alloy. ‘The higher hardness of the composites could be atiributed to the fact that nano- Al;0; particles act as obstacles to the motion of

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