طرح جامع انواع خدمات و سیستمها در کمک به دریانوردی PDF

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4 ...................................................................... ! 5 56 . o " -2
7 .......................................................................... ! 5 ^ X 9: \ .d Wk
7 ........................................................................................................................... o " -1
11 ........................................................................................ X ! MDB ^ X -2
11 .................................................................................................................................... -1-2
12 .................................................................................................................................... 5 - 1-1-2
12 .............................................................................................................................. 9 /= " -2-1-2
III
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13 ..................................................................................................................................... -4 -1-2
13 ............................................................................................................................. r/ A : 4 -5 -1-2
13 .................................................................................................................................... - 6-1-2
14 ................................................................................................................................... 2 -2-2
14 .......................................................................................................................................... s t -1-2-2
17 ............................................................................................................................9 C : -1-1-2-2
18 ............................................................................................................ Q ? 6 Range 5u t -2-1-2-2
18 .....................................................................................................................( 2 ) 2 -3-1-2-2
21 ....................................................................................................................... C : /= -3-2
22 ................................................................................IALA X ! MDB -4-2
23 ...................................................................... ! 5 X MDB 9 B 5 >b -1-4-2
23 ...................................................................................... . MDB x k#6 Q5 . 5 >b -1-1-4-2
24 ..................................................................................... I= MDB x k#6 Q5 . 5 >b -2-1-4-2
31 ................................................................................................................................... Z @ MDB -2-4-2
32 ......................................................................................................................... ? P Z @ MDB -1-2-4-2
33 ......................................................................................................................... ?G Z @ MDB -2-2-4-2
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35 ............................................................................................................................... Z / ! MDB -3-4-2
36 ................................................................................................................. ?K O 7# MDB -4-4-2
37 .................................................................................................................. 5 7# MDB -5-4-2
37 .................................................................................................................................. + MDB -6-4-2
38 ................................................................................ " = y u 9>. 6 ! 9 " /= 7# MDB -7-4-2
40 .................................................................................... X ! MDB r G= . 1 J -5-2
42 ......................................................................................... 96 F ! MDB ^ X -3
44 ..................................................................................................................... 96 F 5 -1-3
44 ............................................................................................ t ! . Z 96 F 5 -1-1-3
45 .................................................................................................. t ! . Z 96 F 5 -2-1-3
46 ...................................................................................................... /A . Z 96 F 5 -3-1-3
48 .................................................................................................. (GIB) GPS 96 F 5 -4-1-3
50 ............................................................................................................ 9 " #; -4
52 ........................................................................................................... 9 #; X6 -1-4
52 ..................................................................................................................... zu ! " #; -2-4
53 ................................................................................................................. 92 2@ " #; -3-4
54 ........................................................................................................ 92 2@ " #; -4-4
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54 ................................................................................................................... 9 P 9 #; -5-4
55 ...................................................................................................... 9 " #; 9 . -6-4
56 ......................................................................................... 9 " #; 1 J " -7 -4
57 .................................................... 9 " #; 56 " Q B / . d ?@ " M -8 -4
58 ....................................................................................... 5 m XH T U 9: > " 6 : -9 -4
59 ........................................................................................................UKHO 0 A7 9: > " : -1-9-4
61 ..................................................................................... 92 2@ " #; BD W -10-4
62 ................................................................... 92 2@ 9 ! 5 ^ X -5
63 ................................................................................................................ 1 " 5 -1-5
64 ..................................................................................................................Q ? 6 1 " -1-1-5
65 ................................................................................................................... GPS 1 " -2-1-5
66 .............................................................................................................................. 9 {: Wk -1-2-1-5
67 .............................................................................................................................. Z /! Wk -2-2-1-5
68 ................................................................................................................... 0 > //! 1 J Wk -3-2-1-5
68 ...................................................................................................................... 5 H -4-2-1-5
69 .................................................................................................................... A @ > 1 " -3-1-5
70 ................................................................................................... Q / 96 k "1 " -4-1-5
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73 .................................................................................................................... 9@ @z" 5 -2-5
76 ................................................................................................................................. 0 @ -1-2-5
76 ................................................................................................................................... A 0 @ -1-1-2-5
76 .................................................................................................................................. B 0 @ -2-1-2-5
76 ................................................................................................................................... C 0 @ -3-1-2-5
77 ................................................................................................................................. 7 -2-2-5
78 .................................................................................................................................... ! -3-2-5
79 ....................................................................................................................9 -3-5
81 .......................................................................................................................... 2J6 P -1-3-5
82 .............................................................................................................................. /54 -2-3-5
83 ........................................................................................................... RTE Q> 6 1 //! Q ;6 -3-3-5
84 ............................................................................................................ 9 Q5 -4-5
85 ................................................................................................................................ 9 2 -1-4-5
85 .......................................................................... ! 5 5 /: -6
86 ............................................................................................................... " /= : 63 -1-6
90 ......................................................................... " /= : 6 Z /! 5 O ZF " -1-1-6
91 .......................................................................................................... " /= 9" N ?> -2-6
VII
94 .................................................................................................... 9" N ?> 5 " M -1 -2-6
95 ....................................................................................................................... 9" N ?> -2-2-6
97 ...................................................................................................... (DG) | O "m ! = ?> -1-2-2-6
98 ................................................................................................................ (HS) { = ?> -2-2-2-6
99 .................................................................... 9" N ?> " 5/# 4 89< d.m L = -3-2-6
101 ........................................................................................................ 6 69 /= 5 -3-6
103 ......................................................................................................... ! AIS . 1 J -1 -3-6
104 .............................................................................. 9 : 6 Z /! 5 AIS . 1 J -4-6
105 ................................................................................................ VTS AIS . 1 J ? -1-4-6
106 ............................................................................................. /A 9 9 /= 5 -5-6
108 ........................................................................................................... " /= \6 -6-6
109 ..................................................................................................................... : 6 1 //! -1 -6-6
110 ................................................................................................... 9 " L =C 9 -2-6-6
111..................................... 9AA @ ;O/ 89A eO ! 5 jk 6 .d Wk
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112 ................................................................ 9AA @ eO ! ? 5K6 jk 6 -2
112 ......................................................................................................................... 9 C : -1-2

VIII
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115 .......................................................... ;O/ 9A eO ! ? 5K6 jk 6 -3
118......................................... ! 5 9@ K / e #6 9: \ .d 5t Wk
118........................................................................................................................ o " -1
119................................. ! MDB 9 " 6 TU 9AA @ 5 . -2
119 ........................................................................................................ 9AA @ 0 . -1-2
124 ..................................................................................................... 9AA @ 0 . -1-1-2
128 ................................................. (IALA) 9 5 : ! MDB " 9AA @ 0 . -2-2
129 ....................................................................................................... IALA 9AA @ 0 . -1-2-2
132 ............................................................................................ (IHO) 9: > " 9AA @ 0 . -3-2
134 ................................................................................................... 9: > " 9AA @ 0 . -1-3-2
137 ..................................................................................................................... 9: > " 9A ! -2-3-2
140 .................................................................................... (IAPH) 5" > 7/@ / 9AA @ H6 -4-2
140 .............................................................................................. 5" > 7/@ / 9AA @ H6 -1-4-2
142 .................................................................................... (IMPA) 9 0 /" 9AA @ H6 -5-2
142............................................................................................ ;O/ 5 . -3
IX
144 ............................................................................................................. 9 4 ;O/ 0 . -1-3
147 ............................................................................................................... ;O/ ?! -2-3
149....................................................................................... (PMO) /0 . -4
153.......................................................................................................... > K . K/4 Wk
155....................................................................................................................... z } /
159.............................................. 5 1 7 9: \ ! 5 0 ! Q 9: \ .> 9<
160............................... ! / . #! 9 9A 96 . #t 9A\: 1 7 9: \ .Z Wk
160................................................................................................... N ?> 56 . o " -1
161 ............................................................................................................ T \6 "J -2
163 ............................................................................................... 0 " / " M -3
163 ........................................................................... " / 0 /! ! T U /1 -Z RX: -1-3
164 ......................................... t ! 5K A 5@ ! 8 " 5 #! Q! < ; - " . RX: -2-3
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166 ......................................... 1348 1 5 X M C /0 . T U -4-3
168......................................................... 0 / " /= 6 : 6 Z /! 9A\: 9 Q \a -4
168 ......................................................................................... ;O/ VTS K . x k#6 -1-4

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169 ............................................................................................................................ ;O/ : E -1-1-4
169 .............................................................................................................................. 9O H L = -2-1-4
170 ............................................................................................................................. " /= : 6 -3-1-4
170 ............................................................................................................................... K6 R B -4-1-4
170 ................................................................................................................................ 5 @ \: -5-1-4
170 ............................................................................................................. 96 A B ; P -2-4
171 ......................................................................................................... 96 96 A B " / ?> -3-4
171 ............................................................................................................... BD (3 ) -1-3-4
172 ........................................................................................................... B 3 -2-3-4
173 ...................................................................................................... " /= : 6 9" . 3 -3-3-4
174 .................................................................................... 9 : 6 Z /! 1 J ? 5K6 -4-4
178 ............................................................................................... 9 / / " /= : 6 Z /! -5-4
178 ......................................................................................... 9/ d / -0 . 0 / R! 1 -1-5-4
179 .............................................................................................................. " 1 > 7/@ " Q \P -1-1-5-4
184 ..................................................................................... (1 ) 9/ d / " /= : 63 -2-1-5-4
187 ............................................................ (1 ) d /9 ;O/ VTS 1 H " /= 6 1 H -3 -1 -5-4
189 ................................................. " /= : 63 ?! ~ G6 P Q5 VHF 5@ ! Xk# -4-1-5-4
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189 ....................................................................d /9 ;O/ VTS 1 H " /= • -5-1 -5-4
192 ............................................................................................... 0 >? " 0 / R! 1 -2-5-4
195 .................................................................................................. 5= 0 / R! 1 -3-5-4
197 .......................................................................................... 5= / 5 9 : 6 Z /! -1 -3-5-4
200 .................................................................................................................................. 5 t / -4-5-4
201 ................................................................................................................................ 5# / -5-5-4
204 ............................................................................................... 9@ = / " /= : 6 Z /! -6-4
204 ................................................................................................................................... 9@? / -1-6-4
206 ............................................................................. 9@? / ;O/ 9 : 6 Z /! -1-1-6-4
209 ................................................. " /= : 63 ?! ~ G6 P Q5 VHF 5@ ! Xk# -2-1-6-4
209 ............................................................................. . " : 9@? / : 6 Z /! ?! ! 96 -3-1-6-4
210 .................................................................................................................................. 5= / -2-6-4
212 ............................................................................................... 2 /- / X P 1b ;O/ -3-6-4
214............................................................ / " /= 6 : 6 Z /! 0 96 . #t -5
215 ........................................................... ! / . /@ 0 A7 9 9@ K b6 -1-5
220 ....... ... IHO IALA 8 IMO 9AA @ 5 . (PMO) #! 9 9A R \6 1 H .d Wk
220........................................................................................................................ o " -1
XII
221 ............................................................... AIS / . 9AA @ "0 . 9A R \6 -2
224 ........................................................................................................... AIS 1 " x k#6 -1-2
226 ............................................................................................. AIS O " M L a -2-2
229............................................................ " /= : 63 / . 5 . R \6 -3
230................................................................... 2@ / . 5 . R \6 -4
233 ..................................................................................................... 2@ 96 . #t -1-4
234.............9A ;O/ 89AA @ eO ! 5 / . Z \: 5! = 9: \ .d Wk
234........................................................................................................................ o " -1
235........................................................................................ 9AA @ eO Z \: 5 ! = -2
235 ................................................................ ! ? 5K6 Q / . Z \: 9AA @ 5 ! = -1-2
239 ..................................................... ! ? 5K6 G" Q / . Z \: 9AA @ 5 ! = -2-2
254............................................................................................. ;O/ eO Z \: 5 ! = -3
257 ............................................................................................... 9A eO Z \: 5 ! = -4
268......................................................................................................... > K .d 5t Wk
270....................................................................................................................... z } /
271........................................................................ ! 5 R \6 97 7t .> 9<

XIII
272.......... ... ! 5 57 \6 8 G" + X R \6 N 6 I / 9: \ .Z Wk
272........................................................................................................................ o " -1
273 ............................................................................................................ T \6 "J -2
276 ....................................................................... !9 !9 . a BD -3
281 .................................................................................................................... . " 1 -1-3
282 .......................................................................................................... 1 ? / -2-3
283 ................................................................ ! \6 57 / . d ?@ -4
287....................................................... ! \6 57 b6 O "J ZF -5
288 ........................................................................................................................ 0 / Q A P -1-5
289 ....................................................................................................................... 57 Q A P -2-5
289 ....................................................................................................................... 9 G #4 Q A P -3-5
291 .................................................................................................................. 57 " J A: -4-5
293................................................................. ! \6 57 5= . 9; X -6
293 ............................................................................... € A : ! ? 5K6 . 57 1 -1-6
295 ..................................................................................... € A : ! / . 9" N ?> -1 -1-6
296 ......................................................................... /@. ! ? 5K6 . 57 1 1 H -2-6
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296 .............................................................. r/! r/" / ! ? 5K6 . 57 1 1 H -3-6
298 .. ... #! 9 0/ Q5 0 ^ ! MDB W 4 N 6I / 0 xk# .d Wk
298........................................................................................................................ o " -1
300....................................................................................... Z /! Y 8W 4 5= -2
300 .................................................................................................................. 0 ! L 6 Z /! -1-2
300 ................................................................................................................. X / 9\ W 4 -2-2
300 ................................................................................................... 0 G57 / 0 4 L 6 W 4 -3-2
301 .......................................................................................................... R Y W 4 N -4-2
301 .............................................................................................................. 1 . Z /! W 4 -5-2
302 ...................................................................... 1 .W 4 5 68 FX -3
303 ............................................................................................. 1 . Z /! W 4 96 . #t -1-3
304 ........................................................................... 1 . Y W 4 /. ! ? 5K6 -2-3
304 ........................................ > P 1 . Y W 4 ! MDB !9 " 4 / Q @ -1-2-3
305 ................................................................ > PW 4 ! !s t .9 " 4 -1-1-2-3
306 ......................................................................... > PW 4 ! Z /7 .9 " 4 -2-1-2-3
306 ...................................................................... > PW 4 !9 2 .9 " 4 -3-1-2-3
XV
307........................................................................ 1 . Z /! W 4 5 ^ X -4
309 .................................................................................................. Navlink 1 .W 4 -1-4
310 ........................................................................................... (SRM) Navlink " " W 4 -1-1-4
311 ....................................................................... 1 " JA6 C Navlink 1 . Z /! W 4 -2-1-4
312 .............................................................. 1 " JA6 C Navlink 1 . Z /! W 4 -3-1-4
313 ................................................................................. AIS C 1 .W 4 . -2-4
317 ............................................................................................... 0 A7 ! W 4 N -3-4
318 ................................................................................................ 9 ! ! W 4 N -4-4
320 ...................................................... 9 : 6 0 •S6 9 J "2 < /5 ; .d Wk
320........................................................................................................................ o " -1
321 ............................................................................ Offshore S6 " 2 z> Q DB -2
322..................................................................... . > QJ "2 S6 o < -3
324 . ? • < ~ ; 9: \ /j " ? C : ` A 80 B " /= 9" N ?> ~ ; \6 .d 5t Wk
324........................................................................................................................ o " -1
325 ............................................................................................... 9" N ?> LG6 "J -2
325........................................................................................ 9 ? • <^ / 6 5 -3
XVI
326 ............................................................................ 0 B C :À • < 4 C < ^ / -1-3
326 ................................................................... (1 ) 9/ d / W= 4 QH6 5 O 4 C < ^ / -1-1-3
328 .............................................................................. 5= / W= 4 QH6 5 O 4 C < ^ / -2-1-3
331 ........................................................................... 5# / W= 4 QH6 5 O 4 C < ^ / -3-1-3
332 ........................................... 0 >? " 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 5 O 4 C < ^ / -4-1-3
333 .............................................................................................. ? • < 4 C < ^ / -2-3
335 .................................................................................. #! 9 / 9@ = 5 y E " /= -3-3
346........................................ ! 5 LG6 " / : d.m D \6 d K 4 . K/4 Wk
346........................................................................................................................ o " -1
347........................................................................................ 9 "/ : 9 . -2
349 .............................................................. ! MDB ‚ \6 9 8oz< 8IX 9 / : -1-2
355 ........................................................................ ! MDB LG6 x; : 9 / : -2-2
358........................................................................................ Q @ t M 56 . #= Wk
358........................................................................................................................ o " -1
359 ................................................ ! MDB W 4 5 @ t . 9 55 96 BD H -2
369 ................................................................ 0 9 5O H 5/# 4 W 4 Q @ t -3
XVII
372............................................................. MDB s t Q5 ! 5 / . J" Wk
372........................................................................................................................ o " -1
373.................................................................................. ! 5u t 5 -2
374 ....................................................................... 5/2 55 s t Z GP FX -1-2
378 ........................................................................... 9 5 : Z GP FX -2-2
380......................................................................................................... > K . #" Wk
382....................................................................................................................... z } /
385.............................................................. R5 6 ! 5 17 .> $( 9<
386..... ...C 9 / 9@ = / 2J6 "1 d { ! MDB \6 . ^ P M .Z Wk
386........................................................................................................................ o " -1
387.................................................................... #! 9 / / ! MDB . ^ P -2
387 ................................. ! MDB O < 0 >? " 0 / R! 1 Q \a 9A! Q /= -1-2
397 ........................................ (1 ) 9/ d / -0 . 0 / R! 1 Q \a 9A! Q /= -2-2
402 .................................... ! MDB O < 5= 0 / R! 1 Q \a 9A! Q /= -3-2
407 ................................................................................ 5= 0 W= 4 QH6 5 " 9A! Q \a -1-3-2
408 ................................................................................. 5= 0 W= 4 QH6 5 " : 9A! Q \a -2-3-2
XVIII
418 ................................................................. ! MDB O < 5# / Q \a 9A! Q /= -4-2
420 ..................... ! 5 t / -0 t A 0 0 / R! 1 Q \a 9A! Q /= -5-2
422.................................................................... #! 9@ = / ! MDB . ^ P -3
422 ............................. 9@? / -0D > 0 / R! 1 ! MDB Q \a 9A! Q /= -1-3
425 ............................... 5= / -0 . 0 / R! 1 ! MDB Q \a Q /= -2-3
428 ............................................ 2 /- / X P 1b ;O/ ! MDB Q \a Q /= -3-3
431..................................................eO < 0 6 ! MDB ! 6 \6 .d Wk
431........................................................................................................................ o " -1
432 .......................................................................................... MDB ! 6 \6 •ƒ R B -2
436............................................................. #! 5 . " TSS \6 \6 .d Wk
436........................................................................................................................ o " -1
437........................................................................................ TSS ^ / T \6 -2
439............................................................................................ TSS . 1 J LG6 P -3
440........................................................................ " TSS FX 9; GO6 \@ O -4
441 ...................................................................................... : 6 1 //! K 5= -5
444........................................................................ #! " . " TSS \6 -6

XIX
448............. ... " ^ GO6 89 9 ^ . VTS TA k O 9 z> 1 H .d 5t Wk
448........................................................................................................................ o " -1
449.................................................................................... " /= : 63 O -2
450 .......................................................................................................... !3 eO -1-2
451 ......................................................................................................... 92 : 6 5 \a 9" „ 4 -1-1-2
452 ............................................................. VTS Z i DF /= Q QH6 !3 -2-1-2
454 .................................................................................................... : 6 9" . 3 eO -2-2
455 ........................................................................................... . eO x k#6 -3
462............................................................................................... IALA Q ? -4
464 ........................................................................................................... O eO 9J ! 9 . -1-4
465 ........................................................................................................... O eO 9 ! 9 . -2-4
467 .................................................................................... IALA Q ? .1 J a ;6 -3-4
468 ....................................... ! R/ 4 . 9=. "1 " 9: \ . K/4 Wk
468........................................................................................................................ o " -1
469......................................................................................................... H a 6 T \6 -2
470............................................................................................ ! R/ 4 / G6 -3
XX
475.......................................................................................................... 9=. "1 -4
475 ................................................................................. Z 4 / " > Q: 9=. "1 -1-4
480 ................................................................................. d 4 / " > Q: 9=. "1 -2-4
483.......................................................................................................... > K . #= Wk
487................................................................................................................ M a . J" Wk
495....................................................................................................................... z } /
497......................................................................................... = ?> 8 5/# 4 8` .? 9<
498...................................... 0 / ! / . b6 6 LG6 " J .Z Wk
498........................................................................................................................ o " -1
501 ........................................................................................................... T \6 "J -2
501 ........................................................................................................ b6 ? " J -1-2
507 ........................................................................................................ b6 ? ? -2-2
508 ............................................................................................... b6 ? "Q H -3-2
508 .......................................................... 9 Q . L H . QU J< F B b6 ? 17 -4-2
510.............................................................................................................. N ?> -3
510 ............................................................................................... N ?> 1 J / -4

XXI
511....................................................... 0 / ! / . b6 6 .d Wk
511........................................................................................................................ o " -1
512 ...............................................................0 / ! b6 6 ]@ -2
514 ....................................................................................................................... 9; GO6 \@ O -1-2
514 ................................................................ ! / . /@ 0 A7 9 9@ K b6 -1-1-2
518 ............................................................................................................ 9 m / .1 J -2-2
519 .................................................................................................................... #! 9 m / -1-2-2
520 .................................................................................................................... #! 9A -1-1-2-2
520 ................................................................................................................ BD 9A d Y -2-1-2-2
521 .............................................................................................................. GIS 0 ! 9A = -3-1-2-2
522 ............................................................................................................... #; 9@ B = -4-1-2-2
522 ................................................................................................................ 9 2 BD 1 > ! -5-1-2-2
523 ...................................................................................... BD }/: G6 . K 0 P -6-1-2-2
523 ....................................................................................................... BD : 9@ B = -7-1-2-2
523 ............................................................................................................... 9 D 9@ B = -8-1-2-2
523 ................................................................................................................ 6 J 9@ B = -9-1-2-2
524 ............................................................................................................................ 2 J26 -10-1-2-2
XXII
525 ...................................................................................... 9AA @ ;O/ 5 . ; L a -2-2-2
529 ......................................... ! 5 M /0 . Q S . #t 6 -3-2
529 .................................................................. ! @; /0 . Q S . #t -1-3-2
530 ..................................................................................................... ! @; 0 . o " -2-3-2
532.................................................................... 5 b6 • k SWOT ? @ Z M .d Wk
532........................................................................................................................ o " -1
533.............................. ! /0 . " 56 5 F : 8T\a P~; 9 -2
533 ...................................................................... " 56 "QF : T\a P~; 9 -1-2
535 ....................................................................... ! I ! 1. < " 56 "QF : T\a P ~ ; -2-2
539 ................................................. ! " 1. < " 56 "QF : T\a P ~ ; -3-2
542 .............................................................................. 1 1. < " 56 "QF : T\a P ~ ; -4-2
545 ......................................................................... : 1. < " 56 "QF : T\a P ~ ; -5-2
547 .......................................................................................... 5/# 4 " b6 • k -3
549 ...................................................................................................... ! I ! 1. < " b6 -1-3
551 ................................................................................. ! " 1. < " b6 -2-3
554 .............................................................................................................. 1 1. < " b6 -3-3
XXIII
557 ......................................................................................................... : 1. < " b6 -4-3
567 ............................................................................ 9 " 1] 4 96 A B ? .d 5t Wk
567........................................................................................................................ o " -1
568 ...................................................................................................... 9K/ 0 2 \@ O -2
569.......................................................................... " 1] 4 " 2" k 9K/ 0 2 -3
570.................................................................................... 5/# 4 1 = /Q @ " 1] 4 -4
571 ................................................................................................... ! I ! 1. < "1] 4 Q @ -1-4
572 .............................................................................. ! " 1. < "1] 4 Q @ -2-4
573 ........................................................................................................... 1 1. < "1] 4 Q @ -3-4
575 ........................................................................................................ }/: 1. < "1] 4 Q @ -4-4
576 ................................................................................................... 16 ! 0 " -5-4
579 ................................................................................. 5/# 4 1 = /Q @ " 1] 4 / /= -6-4
605............................................................................. ! X E@ r/" : . K/4 Wk
605........................................................................................................................ o " -1
618.............................................................................................................................
XXIV
;' 0 $
Z RX:
8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . !^ X . 9 = - 1- 1
11 . . . . . . . . 9 ! " 1 J " - 2- 1
12 . . . . . . . . . . . . "9 #! 0 5 1 J " - 3- 1
12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 /= " " .9 " - 4- 1
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = " . - 5- 1
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . - 6- 1
14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . - 7- 1
14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eO 2 - 8- 1
15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! "s t . - 9- 1
17 . . . . . . . . . . . . "R4 "s t . 9 " -10-1
17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 C :. -11-1
18 . . . . . . . . . . . Q ? 6 "s t 1 " # TA k "Q@ < -12-1
19 . . . . . . . . . PPI 2 . 1 =Z C MDB W -13-1
20 . . . . . . . . . . . : 6~ O z> Q DB 2 !-14-1
21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . C : 9 #! . -15-1
22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . IALA 9< / ;6 -16-1
24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! MDB TA k Z 2= -17-1
32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A < ? P Z @ MDB -18-1
33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . B < ? P Z @ MDB -19-1
33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A < ?G Z @ MDB -20-1
34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . B < ?G Z @ MDB -21-1
XXV
35 . . . . . . . . . . 9 u 89 / 89P = 89@ = Z / ! MDB -22-1
36 . . . . . . . . . . . ?K O 7# ! MDB -23-1
37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 7# MDB -24-1
38 . . . . . . . . . .+ L = 1 J ! MDB -25-1
39 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 = y u 1. 6 /= ~ MDB -26-1
43 . . . . . . . " /= 96 F " Z /7 @6 1 J k r .-27-1
45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . USBL 96 F . 9 =-28-1
46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . SBL 96 F . 9 =-29-1
47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . LBL 96 F . 9 =-30-1
48 . . . . . . . . . . . . Shiphull 96 F . 9 =-31-1
49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . GIB 96 F . 9 =-32-1
62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ECDIS " 0 @ -33-1
63 . . . . . . . . . 1 " Q \P \6 " 1 /" R 2#6 ? -34-1
64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4 QJ = d 5J -35-1
67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPS 9 {: Wk W -36-1
71 . . . . . . . . R 1 " " 1 J "1 " -37-1
74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9@ @z" Q \P ~ O -38-1
74 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9@ @z" " 4 " J -39-1
75 . . . . . . . . . . . . • 9 . oD > 1. "N -40-1
77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9@ @z" 7@ -41-1
78 . . . . . . . Slave 1 7 Master 1 7 . R2# ! Chain -42-1
79 . . . . . . . . . O P 9" O .1 J Z F -43-1
80 . . . . . . . . . . . . L 6 > 1. Z F -44-1
81 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q Y/ . 2J6 P-45-1
82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AF : Y/ . 2J6 P-46-1
XXVI
83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M P 9;: /54-47-1
84 . . . . . . . . 9 " 1 J RTE . -48-1
88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9A 26 VTS . 9 =-49-1
90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VTS . 9 =-50-1
102 . . . . . . . . . . AIS Q TA k "Q@ < . 9 =-51-1
103 . . . . . . . . . . . AIS 9A< 417 . 9 =-52-1
104 . . . . . . 9 "LH ! AIS > ! . 9 = -53-1
107 . . . . . . . . . . . .LRIT ? 5K6 . 9 =-54-1
114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . C : "9 #! jk 6-55-1
124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9AA @ 0 . -56-1
130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . IALA 9AA @ 0 . -57-1
132 . . . . . . . . . .9: > " 9AA @ 0 . {B " #! W -58-1
133 . . . 9: > " 9AA @ 0 . " 6 92 2@ " #; . W -59-1
135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9: > " 9AA @ 0 . -60-1
141 . . . . . . . . . . . "1 > 7/@ / 9AA @ H6 -61-1
143 . . . . . . . . . . . . ;O/ " #! | # 9 < -62-1
145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 ;O/ 0 . -63-1
151 . . . . . . . . . . . . . / 9A 0 . -64-1
d RX:
185 . . . . . . . 9/ d /1 H " /= : 6 W= 4 QH6 ^ / -1-2

190 . . . . . . . . . 9/ d /9 ;O/ VTS W= 4 QH6 ;O/ -2-2
191 . . . . . . . . . . 9/ d /9 ;O/ 9A "1 > 7/@-3-2
196 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5= Z !-4-2
207 . . . . . . . . . . 9@? VTS ?! " /= 9" N ?> 1 H - 5- 2
228 . . . . . . . AIS 9< ~ " M . 9; JA6-6-2
XXVII
255 . . . . . . . Q • / BD ^G C/ ! MDB Q \P -7-2
256 . . . . . . . . C/ Q • / BD ^G DGPS " #; W -8-2
d RX:
279 . . . . . . . . . ! ? 5K6 . 57 / 5 " / ?" - 1- 3

285 . . . . . . . . . . . 1 J G\ . - 2- 3
292 . . . . . . . . . \6 57 A BdK / . > X6 d > -3-3
309 . . . . . . . . . . . Navlink 1 . Z /! W 4 - 4- 3
310 . . . . . . . Navlink 1 " 1 . Z /! W 4 SRM Z ] -5-3
311 . . . . . . . . . Navlink 1 " 1 . Z /! W 4 - 6- 3
312 . . . . . . . 1 " JA6 C Navlink 1 . Z /! W 4 - 7- 3
312 . . . . . . 9 • 1 " JA6 C Navlink 1 . …M - 8- 3
313 . . . . . . . . . . . AIS C 1 .W 4 - 9- 3
314 . . . . . . . . 0 7# HJF BD W M? TSD ?: d -10-3
315 . . . . . . . . . . . . AIS AtoN 1 / : . -11-3

315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 =Z 21 d E 4 H -12-3
316 . . . . . . . . 2A B Q \a / . . 1 =Z 6dE4 H -13-3
330 . . . . . . . . . . 5= 0 9 e . RH ; -14-3
330 . . . . . . . . . 5= 0 1 H " /= \6 ; -15-3
333 . . . . . . . . . 1382 Z e P 6 C < O 4 9< -16-3
345 . . . . . . . . . . #! 9 / " " P E 9 B9 -17-3
347 . . . . . . . . /0 . 9 R! 1 9 . -18-3
348 . . ! LG6 " Wk 7 9/ QU J< 1 9 . G6 -19-3
352 . . . (1 ) 9/ d / ! MDB ‚ \6 9 8oz< 8IX 9 / :-20-3
357 . . . . (1 ) 9/ d / ! MDB LG6 x; : 9 / :-21-3
XXVIII
d 5t RX:
395 . ...0 >? " 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -1-4
396 . ...0 >? " 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -2-4
401 . . . . . (1 ) 9/ d / W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -3-4
414 . . . . 5= 0 W= 4 QH6 " 9@ = 1. < ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -4-4
415 . . . . 5= 0 W= 4 QH6 " ?! 1. < ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -5-4
416 . . . . 5= 0 W= 4 QH6 " 9 / 1. < ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -6-4
417 . . . . 5= 0 W= 4 QH6 " 9 / 1. < ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -7-4
419 . . . . . . 5# / W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -8-4
421 . . . . . . 5 t / W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -9-4
424 . . . . . . . . 9@? / " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -10-4
426 . . . . 5= / -0 . 0 /1 " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -11-4
427 . . . /! 0 : / -0 . 0 /1 " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -12-4
429 . . . . . . . . / " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -13-4
430 . . . . . . . . . 2 / " ! MDB 9> /! 4 . 9 -14-4
438 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 6 1 //! . 9 -15-4
441 . . . . . . . . 0 o " Dover 7/6 : 6 1 //! -16-4
442 . . . . . . . 1 //! ~O 9< . 1 J : 6 "0 . -17-4
443 . . . . . . . . . 9\ G .1 J : 6 "0 . -18-4
443 . . . . . . . . Inshore : 6^ / K : 6 "0 . -19-4
445 . . . . . . . . . . . † ? I/6 ? " " TSS ~ 9< -20-4
456 . . . . . . . . . . . . Q 4 TA k R< -21-4
463 . . . . . . . . . . . . IALA Q ? d > -22-4
472 . . . . . . . . IALA S6 Z 4 /" > . -23-4
474 . . . . . . . . IALA S6 d 4 /" > . -24-4
484 . . . . . . . . . . . RH Y/ " Q DB IX -25-4
XXIX
K/4 RX:
548 ( }/: 81 8 ! " 8 ! I !) /0 . ! " 1. < - -
; !+ 0 $
Z RX:
10 . . . . . . . . ! " ^ X / ;G -1-1
26 . . . . . . . . . . ! "s t FX / ;G -2-1
31 . . . . . . . . . ! "s t ~ " ~ 1 - 3- 1
34 . . . . . . . . . "0 > ! O " Z @ MDB - 4- 1
39 . . . . . . . . ! MDB "s t F X - 5- 1
41 . . . . . . . ! X MDB r G= .1 J !-6-1
41 . . . . . . . . ! X MDB r G= .1 J !-7-1
56 . . . . . 9 " #; ! MDB W Q5 1 J " . 9{\ -8-1
96 . . . . . . . . . . = ?> Q : 1 J " . FD -9-1
121 . . . . . . Q 1 = ^HA 5 0 9D 5 ! IMO "0 /! -10-1
139 . . . . . . . . IHO IALA 8 IMO "0 . 0 Q {B Q \a -11-1
d RX:
179 . . . . . . . . . . .9 Z !9 9A " 1 H - 1- 2
180 . . . . . . 9/ d / W= 4 QH6 " 9 "1 > 7/@ 1 H Q \P -2-2
181 . . . . . . 9/ d / W= 4 QH6 " 9 "1 > 7/@ 1 H Q \P -3-2
181 . . . . . . . . 9/ d / W= 4 QH6 9A "1 > 7/@ 1 H Q \P -4-2
181 . . . . . . . . 9/ d / W= 4 QH6 9A "1 > 7/@ 1 H Q \P -5-2
XXX
182 . . . . . . . . 9/ d / W= 4 QH6 9A "1 > 7/@ 1 H Q \P -6-2
182 . . . . . . . . . 9/ d / W= 4 QH6 " " A2 \6-7-2
186 . . . . . . . . . . 9/ d / VTS "Q X k -8-2
188 . . . . . . 9/ d / VTS ?! " /= L 6 N ?> I@ O Q 5:-9-2
194 . . . . . . 0 >? " 0 /1 W= 4 QH6 9 9< VTS ?! X k -10-2
200 . . . . . . . 5= /9 Z ! " /= W t ja < Xk# -11-2
200 . . . . . . . . . . . 5= / "1 > 7/@ 1 H Q \P -12-2
203 . . . . . . . . . Z ! "1 > 7/@ 9 : E Q \P "0 2 d -13-2
208 . . . . . . . . . . 9@? / ;O/ "1 > 7/@ 1 H Q \P -14-2
261 . . 9 X 896 F ! ? 5K6 S6 M / . Z \: "Q! = -15-2
265 ] / 7# " 8 VTS 8 AIS " TA k " G/ / . Z \: "Q! = -16-2
d RX:
280 . . . . . . . IALA " ^G ! MDB ! 1 Z - 1- 3

305 . . . . . . . . . . s t 1 . Y W 4 ~ " 4-2-3
306 . . . . . . . . . Z /7 1 . Y W 4 ~ " 4-3-3
306 . . . . . . . . . 9 2 1 . Y W 4 ~ " 4-4-3
319 . . . . . . . . . . . . ! MDB W 4 Q \a ; - 5- 3
329 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5= 0 9 e ; - 6- 3
331 . . . . 5# /Q • / BD ^G C :À ? • < C < ^ / - 7- 3
336 . . 1388 Z 95 / 5= 0 / R! 1 1. < y E " /= Q 5: \6-8-3
338 . . !4Q @ C 0 >? " 0 9 #! / R! 1 1. < y E " /= Q 5: \6-9-3
341 . . . . 9 ;O/ (1 ) 9/ d / 1. < y E " /= Q 5: \6-10-3
341 . . . . . . . . .0 Q \;@ L y E " /= Q 5: \6-11-3
342 . . . . . . . . y BQ 9 u R< y E " /= Q 5: \6-12-3
343 . . . . . . . . 0 Q 9P = R< y E " /= Q 5: \6-13-3
XXXI
360 . . . . 2 9A< > " ! xP 9" N ?> Q @ t . -14-3
373 . . . . . . . ! "s t FX "CD! / ;G -15-3
374 P E " /= " 8 ?K O 7# " 2 " Z GP F X -16-3
375 . . . . . . . . Z/ ! " 2 " Z GP F X -17-3
376 . . . . . Z ! ‡t Q ? PZ @ " 2 " Z GP F X -18-3
377 . . . . .Z !Q Q ?G Z @ " 2 " Z GP F X -19-3
378 . . Z ! 9" \6 Q5 Z @ " 2 " Z GP F X -20-3
378 . . . . . .+ MDB 7# " 2 " Z GP F X -21-3
379 . . . . . . . . . . 9 "C : Z GP F X -22-3
379 . . . . . . . . . Q? 6s t• . Z GP F X -23-3
d 5t RX:
388 . . 0 >? " 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 " 1 H ! MDB Q @-1-4

391 . . . 0 >? " 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 " 1 H 9 " : Q @-2-4
397 . . . . . (1 ) 9/ d / W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB Xk# Q @-3-4
403 . . 5= 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 " 1 H ! MDB Q @-4-4
410 . 5= 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 " 1 H Z \: 9 " : Q \a Q @-5-4
412 5= 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 " 1 H Z \: u 9 " : Q \a Q @-6-4
412 . . . . . . . . . . . 5= ! MDB ! 1 F - 7- 4
418 . . . . . . 5# / W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB Xk# Q @-8-4
420 . . . . . . 5 t / W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB Xk# Q @-9-4
433 9@? / -0D > 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB Xk# Q @-10-4
425 ... / -0 . 0 / R! 1 W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB Xk# Q @-11-4
428 . 2 / 1 - / X P 1b ;O/ W= 4 QH6 " ! MDB Xk# Q @-12-4
476 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z 4 9=. "1 M? -13-4
480 . . . . . . . . . . . . . d 4 9=. "1 M? -14-4
XXXII
K/4 RX:
502 . . . . 0 z4o O\ D! b6 ? 17 b6 . 0 > > T \6 -1-5

506 . . . . . 96 A B 92 ! 6 8 b6 ? 9 O W; 8 ? - 2- 5
526 . . . . . . . . . . . ! @; 1 = Y/6 P / - 3- 5
XXXIII
XXXIV
; 9<
E 3 3F G?@A# B < 1 * C- D
d ?@ 9 P ! " 9: \
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;O/ 89A eO ! " jk 6

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9AA @ ;O/ 89A eO
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9/ [J< 80 5 9 P^ / 9A< ~ O 89 "L H . 1 J Y/ 80 /! 6 =z> "0 . .

1 J P 6 ZF 9"
9 Y 8Z < .Q 1 =9 Q B 9@ F B P 8 "9> @ O . . >A
x k#6 9AA @ " ! ? Z 9 5 r/ Z .Q 1 O 9 . 0 /B 1 "9 "L H
RA 3 S6 d 9 5 r/ Z .=9 a 8 =9 R< 9 "L H ! 9/ P 6 !
1
- P0 !8 . > O 9AF J U 0 /B c K 9AA @ P 6 9/ . H
1
United Nations (UN)
2
# !"
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3 4 E 3 3F
a ] 3 J/! @ ?> 1958

58 Z 8 . > @ " @; C 9 P 6 Y/6 Z i RA @
:. /6 GB ! 0 /! 5t . R2# ] 3 J/! . > Y/6 0 9 P @ 89 P
K "^ / 9AH " 0 /! -1
^ B " 0 /! -2
9 0 . QU J< D=0 /! -3
1 P D: 0 /! -4
0 /! 5t 0 /! . > K 1972 Z 8 UNCLOS 829 P / . H RA 0 /! 8
320 R # UNCLOS 0 /! .Q 1 ! I ! 6 7 2 < 0 /! I@ P 1958
958 Z ] 3 J/! ~
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9 Q P 17 . R2# @;
UNCLOS P 6 92 /26 9 AB Y<D . 2MK . . = 9 05 9 P 9<
9 . /5 1 J 9" Y
9/: Y O; . ! 6 .Q 1 = F 6 9 " ] @ /26 W 0 /! P . Q \G6 8Q :> F
~ G6 6 8 >9 / ;G 9 /= . 9: > " 8 . M] LG6 _<< G I@ P UNCLOS " G/
\6 9A< " #! AP 89A< ^ / . U / 9AH " /G ~ O \6 O 9AA @
IHO 0 . 0 /!
. >9 69 " #; 1=
95 " 9 P Y Z /! RA @ eO 9\ K 89 P O T \6 C
". <C ? 9A eO /j " . /= 9 IHO IALA 8 IMO 9AA @ "0 . R # !1 = K
" 1 H 9 " M P Y Zi 9A< " #! . " 9A K 81 = \6 9 : E
/ . 96 P #! AP QH6 9 ;O/ Q 9 9A "8 . /= 9 W= 4 QH6
. " d K UNCLOS 0 /! C 1 = : z4 " M P Z /! Y
C ! O "N " 8 MDB . 1 J 9 "L H ! 6
9 9 /= R MDB 0 P 1 " 0 /B / 8[2] Q 1 = F 6 UNCLOS
CLOS 0 /! 0 P
7 . .Q 1 = 1 K/> / 0 . T U " " /= "9 #! GB 9/ S6
P . Q \G6 d ?@ 80 \ <DF
F 8Cm 8 1974 X + k= 0 9/ 0 /! 0 Q {B 6
A . 0 /! {B " #! A! 8Cm 0 /! 5 RX: C . >9 xk# a 0 L 60 /!
2
United Nations Convention on the Law
w of the Sea
3
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C ./ 32\/ 0 15 A! 9{ ; H ! ? 5K6 MDB ~ E6 > " ; 8IX
8 W= 4 QH6 9 "L H O L = A! 9 . 34 ! Q TU 0 / 0 . 8 P
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4
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9 Q " . 9 5 Wk ! 87 GB . > AO ? O
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9 " 9/ K •
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3 F G?@A# J + , - #$ 4 N!G -2
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8Q • 6 Q 1 = _B P / . "Q= dK /j " ;O/ 9AH
9 89Xk= " ;A Z B
3
Navigational Aids
4
Aids to Navigation (A to N)
4
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;O/ 89A Y . a < Z < Q 1 7t ^ Q \a ! 9 xk# 9 m / 0 /B 9<
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8o " ^;H6 . > " : @i ! " R \6 + X > X6
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9 \ 4 BD M 8Z . :
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DB \6 57 8 G" + X R \6 "N 8 .d .:
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5
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21
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18
International Maritime Organization
19
International Hydrographic Organization
tion
20
International Association of marine aids to navigation and Lighthouse Authorities
22
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23
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2
Q " 92 6 9A! 1 . 6 9 m 9 /= 1 0 !
Occulting . /= 9 "1 " 92 6
1 . ! G 9 /= 1 Occulting
.= •2. ! G 9A! 4 = 92 6 .
MDB "s t
Occulting OC " 7# 2.1
< 9 1 J
>
26 Y/ " 92 6 . 9" > 0 ! Occulting 9B

=9 "U 1 " 92 6 . 1 > 9 /= . > 9
\6 9
9A! Q@ < . = 9 9 /= 1 . 6 1 6 ! " 92 6 1 FX
1 > . = # 4 . G " 92 6 .r
OC (#) 2.2
Occulting + MDB
9 P1 J
. >
9
9@ " 1 > ! J6 2.2 FX G=
QF X . /= 9 TA k " 92 6 \6 1
. =1 J ! G 8 x k#6 0 Qk R @
9G ! 6 1 >
OC (#+#) 2.3
Occulting
26
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
b@
[C > 0C
)# ' * b#Q ! @ ?@A#
<@a
IALA
1 . " 9 /= 92 6 " 1 9 6 0 !
. = ! • 2 . G ?> " " J r .: ?
.: ? ISO " MDB 3
. =9 1 J
. = 9 92 6 1 . 6 1 6 ! 9 /= 1 0 !
0. ND: 4
.Q "1 c \ (ND:) 9 /= 5U 1
m
) = 9 26 Y/ ND: 0 ! 0. ND: < 0. ND:
9@ ND:D: 92 6 0 . .( ; P ND: 50 . ! Š MDB .r
2. ! G 1 = ND: 1 3. ! G . 9 ! +
0. ND: .= •
FL 4.1
<
2 RP < 1 9 /= 5U 0 ! Q < 0. ND: 9 m 0. ND:

. =9 26 Y/ •
• 10 1 J r
0. ND:
LFl 7# MDB 4.2
9m
1 J "
. =9
9 266 Y/ " ND: . 9" > 0 ! 0. ND: 0.
0 ND: 1 >
9@ Q " 1 > "ND: 92 6 1 . = ND:
N J r
. = 9 9@ 1 > 92 6 1 . 6 1 6 ! 2= 1 51 1 >
"92 6 1 3 . G 9@ 1 > 92 6 1 7## • 10
" 1 > .= !1 > 9 ! @? O
FL(#) 4.3
0. ND: .
0.
0 ND: 1 >
5 84 . 9" > . r
Q DB ND: 6
." 9 W +
9@ " 1 > ! J6 0. ND: 1 > G= 0. ND:
N 9G ! 6 1 >
1 > /= 9 " ND: . 9JA k \6 1 ?G ? P r
ND: 9G ! 6 FL(#+#) 1 /" # ND: (2+1) 4.4
0. e HX6 Z @ Q DB
Q 1=
27
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
[C > 0C ?@A# b@
)# ' * b#Q
<@a IALA ! @
9 26 ; P ND: 80 6 50 QB " ND: 0 !
= 5
. =9 26 Y/ ND: 0 !Q 0 " J 4 /2
9@ = Z / ! MDB
Q >9 P1 J 5.1
4
. =9 26 Y/ " ND: . 9F 1 > 0 ! J r 1 >

. = 9 63 1 " ND: \6 ND: 3 . R2# 9" >
MDB • 10 1
9 ! 9P = Z / !
.
J r 1 >
ND: 9. R2# 9" >
MDB • 15 1
1 > Q (#) . 9 ! 9 uZ/ ! 5.2
J r 1 >
ND: 6 . R2# 9" >
9 m ND: 1 "
MDB • 15 1
9 ! 9 / Z/ !
.
9 26 ; P ND: 160 6 80 9 " ND: 0 ! 6

=
28
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
b@
[C > 0C
)# ' * b#Q ! @ ?@A#
<@a
IALA
. =9 26 Y/ ND: 0 !Q
1 /" 0 # J 4
4
VQ Z / ! Q DB 6.1
Q 9@ =
26 Y/ " ND: . 9F 1 > 0 !Q 1 >

.Q 6 9 6 3 " ND: \6 . = 9 9" > J r
1 ND: 3 . R2#
Z / ! MDB •5
. 9 ! 9P =
1 >
9" > J r
1 ND: 9. R2#
MDB • 10
1 >
VQ(#) 9 ! 9 u Z/ ! 6.2
.
1 >
9" > J r
ND: 6 . R2#
9 m ND: 1 "
MDB • 10 1
9 ! 9 / Z/ !
.
=9 26 ; P ND: 160 QB RP < " ND: 0 !

y: 7
29
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
b@
[C > 0C
)# ' * b#Q ! @ ?@A#
<@a
IALA
y: . =9 26 Y/ ND: 0 !Q y:
UQ 7.1
4
0# 9
9" > F TA k 1 " 9 /= 0 !Q C DB
F X 89A!
9A! . 9 ! C " !C 96 F X 0 A Q DB r J
. >C MDB . o < H Q DB 1 "
" 1 /" #
MDB . 9 !
MO(#) 8
C C Q DB
. " . r
1 " U A MDB
! + Q DB
. 9
I ! 6 6 . 9 /= 0. ND: Q• 0 ! 9u t
0 @ . =1 ! ~ < F X . CD! .Q 1 =
. #1 Q 2 Q•
Q•
FFL 9
0. ND:
. CD! .= 9 / TA k " r 1 /" 0 # !

" r ! = QP =1 ! ~ < ? FX
. > Q: 1 //! 1 " # L 6 0 2 TA k
9 /6 Al 10
30
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
[43] ! "s t ~ " ~ 1 -3 -1Z
[C c !d
d
.: ? • 12
< Occulting
< 0. ND: • 15
9A 0. ND: " 1 >
9 m 0. ND:
ND: 0. ND: " s t • 20
1 >
ND: /t 3 . R2# 0. ND: 1 >
I 0. ND:
I! • 30
C MDB
a 8IALA X ! MDB 1 J 9 B "9>b 96 ; 9 /= . 34

. =9 ; 7 2 B A 9< "0 ~ " P 8 MDB B K . " ^ P 9: \
; @7 ?DC -2-4-2
6 5 . 92 . >9 P1 J / .• Q5 " " "Z ! 1 H 0 xk# MDB

" Z @ MDB . = 9 " 1 J Z @ MDB ~ B A^ / ! MDB ? 6 1
"0 > P ! /= 9 : •. "1 = I 6 6 ?G ? P "r Q DBB R # !
MDB > ! O " 8 ."9 P0 x k#6 / . 9F d 5J /= Q
.Q: > /" P9 2J6 IALA ! MDB . B A 9< ?G ? PZ @
31
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
/ ; @7 ?DC -1-2-4-2
. =9 z> 1 = • . B ? P Z @ MDB 9 6 8IALA 9AA @ K 1= 6 " P^ O

1 x k#6 r R2= C 5/6 = 0 /= 9 / 69 ! / " 9 " 2 " R = MDB
? P Z @ MDB > ! 1 H R2=
R 8 P IALA 9< . d ! Y #! ! 6 . =
.=9 J r
W ?: Z @ MDB 1 = 9A< ^ / . /= 0 = ? < B A < " !Q !f d.m
?G . B Z @ MDB !z@ y : 5 8 Q 92# . /= Q! < 9A< ^ / . 0 = < / 9
. = /" 1 " # C 2\ ? P
R2= ? P MDBB 8 = IALA ~ 9< . A < Œ? Y #! ! 96 F •
8 / 9A< 9< Q .9 "Z ! Q! < d 7/" =9 1 can DOF
OF ! /= 9
. >9 1 " # /= ‡t
‡ Q MDB
a b c d
9 ( b8A < 1 J 9 u (a8A < ? P Z @ MDB -18-1 R2=

[7] A < 1 J 9 u 2 ( d 8A < 1 J 9 2 ( c 8A < 1 J
9gAg R2= 8r ? P Z @ MDB 8= = P IALA 9< . B < Y #! > •

P /= Q Q MDB 8R<< 0 0= ? / /= < 9 k
. >9
32
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
a b c d
9 ( b8B < 1 J 9 u ( a 8 B < ? P Z @ MDB -19-1 R2=

[7] B < 1 J 9 u 2 ( d 8B < 1 J 9 2 ( c 8B < 1 J
/ee ; @7 ?DC -2-2-4-2
8 =9 / ;G ! " r ?G Z @ MDB 0 /B !9 u 9 " 2 " 9 6

. >9 9JA k "J 9\ 8 P0 Y #! ! < :> Y 1= z> 1 = : B
. =9 ; 7 2 B A 9< r ?G Z @ MDB > ! O 9AF " J6
9gAg 9 k F MDB R2=
R 8 = IALA ^ / . A ;O/ Œ? #!! !96 F •
1 "# /= Q Q MDB 8 / 9A< 9< Q . 9 "Z ! Q! < d 7/" =9
. >9
a b c d
9 ( b8A < 1 J 9 u ( a 8 A < ?G Z @ MDB -20-1 R2=

[7] A < 1 J 9 u 2 ( d 8A < 1 J 9 2 ( c 8A < 1 J
33
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
=9 T \6 R2== r ?G Z @ MDB 8 > PB < #! ! 96 F •

. >9 P /== ‡t Q MDB R< 0 0= ? / /= <
a b c d
< 1 J 9 ( b8B < 1 J 9 u ( a 8 B < ?G Z @ MDB -21-1 R2=

[7] B < 1 J 9 u 2 ( d 8B < 1 J 9 2 ( c 8B
9< ? P ?G Z @ MDB .1 J / . O " 89A! / 0 /B 4-1 Z 80 4

.Q 1 = 1 9 " ! Y/ B A
"0 > ! O " Z @ MDB -4-1 Z
; @7 ?DC
(f 4 )Y / ; @7 G0 C ( ) Y /e ; @7 G0 C 0 d 0$+ ! @ B-
/= ‡t Q :Q \P 8 R2=
2= /= Q Q :Q \P 89 k R2= 92#
# . IALA, A
/= Q Q :Q \P 89 k R2=
2= /= ‡t Q :Q \P 8 R2= 92#
# . IALA, B
34
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
; ?DC -3-4-2
9P = - 9 / - 9@ = 5t >9 P1 J 0 L 6 k MDB
Q 8 0 /B . =9 \6 8 >9 P0 ! 9\ C Z/ ! Q DB d . =9 ;6 9 u
. > S6 H 5 0 Q/ 9/ 6 GB 0 Z = Q .c < 9@ = Z / ! Q DB
[10] 9 u 9 / 89P = 89@ = Z / ! MDB -22-1 R2=
" U R2= 9 "L H ! 1 J Z/ ! MDB 8Q xk#

# y : Z 2= ! O "
: /= 9 9Xk# r
M4 m B ! Q 1 = R 2#6 r 1 ~ k . Z/ ! MDB . Xk# Q DB •

0# Z/ ! Q DB L 6 1 = xk#
# Q5 8 7 2 QG ~ k > P1 H . :> P 7 2
."9
35
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
.Q 1 = R 2#6 1 . 9;: " . MDB r •

.Q € D4Z/ ! " R2= •
./ 9 1 J 0. ND: J .9 Z/ ! MDB •
/ * 8a K ?DC -4-4-2
IX ?K O MDB . > 9;A6 . O; ! >9 1 J 9 . MDB .

. > xk# 0 o 9 " O 0 Q \P A 6 =9 1 P0 /= F >9
8Q DB Q . 34 . = Q RPN 9 : E Q \P 9< ?K O 0 2 1 J Q DB
xk# ! 9 MDB . ?@ 9 " #; . 1 J 0 O \ RH ^ B A . 8 < ~ BD
. /= 1 = z> Q DB o < /= 9 Q 2 / " O 1 //!
[7] ?K O 7# ! MDB -23-1 R2=
.Q r 1 1! R = MDB . Xk# Q DB •
. P0 ? P 9;: /t Q 1 MDB r •
.Q € D4 @ ? O 1 //! xk# Q DB R2= •
. =9 1 J "0 J 0. ND: s t 8 /= 9 MDB > •
36
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
E GgI K ?DC -5-4-2
Z \ MDB . >9 P1 J 9 Y/ " W Q DB

.Q D !z Q DB o 5t . " /= GB 1 < 0 9 ^ / 7 =9 1 / "
[12] " 7# MDB -24-1 R2=
.Q r ? P < 1 ! MDB . Xk# Q DB •

.Q 1 = R 2#6 J ? P B " . MDB r •
. >9 P1 J MDB € D48 ! Z 2= •
./ 9 1 J J .: ? 0. ND: s t . 0 9 F MDB •
25
h a ?DC -6-4-2
. /t . =9 1 ! 1b a B + ! ;O/ 0 xk# MDB

: 1 > !f 9 "L H + MDB !
9 P "1 z 7# MDB .i
9 Y ? 5K6 4 ^ / 1 /" W MDB .ii
9 Y ^ / 7# MDB .iii
9 . @ @~ O "R ! 7# MDB .iv
1 > e J6 ^ / 7# MDB .v
25
Special mark/buoy
37
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
[7] + L = 1 J ! MDB -25-1 R2=
. = 9 X R2= F + MDB . Xk# Q DB •

.Q .+ MDB r •
. 0 Y ! 97 + Q DB R2= •
0 ? = = .: FX " 69 ! / 9 1 J r . . 9 + MDB •
. >9 1 J " @? O 8Z / ! MDB J " ! 96 F X
! ! i j &4 3 G 3 K ?DC -7-4-2
"0 Q \P . /" 1 = /= 9>. 6 ! # Q 9\ G . B 9 "L H : O

/= ! 9 . 8 0 /B ./ 9 O DOF = 1 # QG• 9 D ? 9 " #;
u 9AB . > 1 J O 7# MDB . Q d.m 8 = 1 # QG• 9 " #; 0 Q \P . /" 1 = y u 9>. 6
81 = y u 9>. 6 ? 5K6 "9 #! " /= O W" ! 89 MDB 9 "Z /7 ^ . 9" O
87 GB .=9 a d.m 81 = y u ? 5K6 02 0 xk# 1b ! Q DB .1 J
y E /= ^ P RH ! 9 . 6 8 GBB " /= 8 1 =y u /= 0 = y u RH 0 0# R B QB Y/
F6 O . =9 1 J Q DB . 8Q 1 7 \6 0 Q DB 1#9 /= O O; m ^B
.=9 / RP d ?@ 9AA @ 0 /B / . IALA 0 . O-133
38
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
[ 1 = y u 1. 6
[12] /= ~ MDB -26-1 R2=
O > . > xk# ? Z / ! Z @ Q DB /t L 6 69 Z \ O •

. =9 26 1 J MDB . 922 8 =
3 9 ND: . ND: X ND: s t . 8= 9 O 1 /"" 0 # Q DB > •
. >1 J •
=1 J Z @ MDB . > = J 0 8 >1 J Z/ ! MDB . O 0 0# > •
. /= = ? P ?G
F X 89A! / 0 /B Q P 8IALA " ^G X ! MDB 9 /= . 34
!f 0 = .Q 1 = 1 7 Z I@
IP ! X MDB . " IALA L 6 1 = F6
.Q 1 > Y/6 IALA
LA Recommendation E-110
E F6 • / BD
D / Z !Q
[43] ! MDB "s t F X -5-1 Z
0C E#K GI * #Q <a ) *' G #Q

1 !
MDB 7/" FX " CD! 9 6 MDB ? P ?G " r . 5/6
Z @
ND: (2+1) . 9" > . R2# 0. ND: 9G ! 6 1 > ? . = 9 . =9 1 J
e HX6 Z @ . ! 1 ND: (2+1) . R2# 1 > 0. ND: 9G ! 6 1 >
1= • 16
Z/ ! =1 J MDB J " . 5/6
4 (a
9@ = Z / !
4 (b
39
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
•51 ND: 3 . R2# 1 > (a

9P = Z / !
• 10 4 ND: 3 . R2# 1 > (b
9 m ND: 1 " ND: 6 . R2# 1 > (a 9m
ND: . \ 92 6 1
. • 10 4 •2. # 1 .= " ND: "92 6 1
9 / Z/ !
1 9 m ND: 1 " ND: 6 . R2# 1 > (b 92 6 1 . # G 9 m ND: 1
• 15 4 •2. # . = 9 m ND: . \ 9@
• 10 1 ND: 9 . R2# 1 > (a
9 uZ/ !
• 15 1 ND: 9 . R2# 1 > (b
•51 ND: 2 9" > 0. ND: (a 1 . =9 1 J r J 5/6
7# MDB
• 10 1 ND: 2 9" > 0. ND: (b 1 >R 92 6 1 1 " ND:
@? O
.= • 1.5 6 1
• 10 1 9m0. ND: (a
7# MDB .: ? (b
=1 J r J . 5/6
" < Occulting (c
A Q DB C MDB (d
Occulting 1 > (a
< 0. ND: (b
+ MDB D: 6 5 84 . R2# 0. ND: 1 > (c
ND: =1 J r . . 5/6
9G ! 6 0. ND: 1 > (d
U A MDB 9@ C MDB (e
<3 3 F ?DC Y e 4 b@ -5-2
Z< 9 ?: . 9 u MDB + X X ! MDB ? 5K6 r G= " .1 J

. 1 J / . IALA Recommendation
dation E
E-106 F 6 ? IALA 9AA @ 0 . R@ " . = 9 W ?:
1 = R P Rf 8/ 2 / .Q 1 M Y/6 ! X MDB r G=
: /= 9
!. 1 J . K 8 /= 9 r G= " ! z> Q DB / PDB ! 9 "Q 2< 9@ K •
. /= 9 !
0 69 5/6 "0 . 9@ 8 = 9 • g t! ! MDB 1b r G= . 1 J ! •
.=9 s t 9G / ?7 1 J ! 9 ! W ?:
40
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
0 8 ! r G= L 6 " ! z> Q DB ! " ! A! 8 F6 Q 4

.Q 1 = > .Z I@ P / Q 4 1 = 0 /BB I@ O 9A! / .Q 1 =
[50] ! X MDB r G= .1 J ! -6-1 Z
! @ ! 0C
r ?G _Ag cDg ?G R2= r ?G
?G Z @ Q DB
B < r ?G A <
r ? P cDg ? P R2= r ? P
? P Z @ Q DB
B < r ? P _Ag A <
X Rg 7 r . Q DB r . .+ MDB
r J "Q DB B 8o
o <8" Z/ ! MDB ?K O 8 " 1 //! xk# MDB
[50] ! X MDB r G= .1 J ! - 7- 1 Z
J +! 0C
.‡ RP < Q@ < 8 MP "‡ J ? P 9;: " . 9G ! 6
" 7# MDB
.= r "
.= r ". RP < 89 ? P 9;: " ?K

K O 7# MDB
Q P r . 9;: Q DB r 1 Q P r 9 9;:
9@ = Z / ! MDB
. >9 P 9@ = Z / ! Q DB r .
. >9 P 9P = Z / ! Q DB 9 m 1 Q P r 9 9;: 9P = Z / ! MDB
1 Q P r 9 9;: Q DB . Q P r . 9;:
9 / Z/ ! MDB
>9 P 9 / Z / ! Q DB
>9 P9 uZ/ ! Q DB m .Q P r . 9;: 9 uZ/ ! MDB
41
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
. L;: / 69 /= 9 9X k#6 F ; r G= .1 J 0" ! 9\ K 8 IALA

LA F6 C
"Z ! 1 //! xk# MDB r G= . 1 J ? 9F !…". / 1 J MDB B 8o < K J † G=
. 92 5/6 ! 9 +X 8 = RM P ? 6 9 ?G r G= ! Q Qk 1 //!
/! 1 " # .Q 1 # T \6
. = 9 R2# ? . J r G= ? 6 K 1 //! 1 " # 87 . . =1 x k#6 "r
1G= ! 9 u Z/ ! Q DB + Q DB 0 6 = 1 J + MDB r . 5/6 8 /
7# MDB I / x k#6 {66 / .Q . J . ! ? P 9 r G= 97 G " . # :>
:Q: > Y Rf 0 69 ?K O 7# MDB 9 / 9@ = Z / !8 "
J "‡ " Q ka RP < ? P "‡ " MDB 8 " 7# MDB •
.= J " Q ka RP < ? 97 " 1 //! AF : /=
AF : . /= . " Q ka RP < 9 " MDB 89 / 9@ = Z / ! MDB •
.= . " Q ka RP < ? "0 1 //!
Q ka 9 ? P " 8 "0 Q x k#6 {6 MDB 8 ?K O 7# MDB •
. /= = P 7 2 . Q ka RP < AF : /=
Q 3 F ?DC B < -3
t 9J Q • " 2 92 ? . GB < 7 2 QG Q \a Q \P x k#66 " /= 8 @ "

Q! < > P Q \a I / 9@ /7 K H 2 /= " ! Q d.m 8 . . >9 R2#
I / "Z /7 Z P ! 9 " /= . 0 . > AO ? "0 Q \a RH
H . 1 dDB " /= 7
F 5/6 @ L = Z /7 K 8 . =9 J> 26 Z /7 1 //! Z " /= DOF 8 /= 9
] k .8 k !H "Q A P 9 /= . 34 9@ . =9 d K @ A> A= "9 #! r . 0
^ . "9 #! 7 .1 J P k "9 #! A .Q 1 = 1 J "9 #! > Z /7 @6
26
Fog Signal
42
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
27
H L = k .1 J LG6 1 P . 35 0 P / ./ P ~ G6 C MDB
.[45] Q 1 = 1 = 9AA @ 9A "
;P . ! RF : ] ] k L 6 8Q! < Z \ Q@ < k 9 #! •
. /!9 @6
. ! 9 . RF : •2. ! AF
F: ] Q 1 = TP R@ " ! /= •
. @ 6 ;P
7 /= 1 =R 2 ! 9 #! 8 7" "9 #! Rg 8+ o " Z \ u /= 9 #! •
. @ 6 ;P . ! RF : 16 ! ] 3€ ] 8 #!9
. F `/4 < r. ; P . ! RF : 7/@ /= •
a b
" /= 96 F "Z /7 @6 1 J k r . -27-1 R2=
2=
./ 9 1 J "0 . ? Q! < Q \a E6 dDB " /= 2A 8 =9 1 J @ L = 5/6 " ]

] 8 = o H/ ‡t Q > :9 1 6 ! ] 8 = o H/ Q Q /= > 8 0 /B
. Z 16 ! ] > I;B Q Q! < GK R @ " /= > . :9 1 6 !
27
Rules of the Road
43
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
. >9 P1 J ? Q \P \6 " 96 F • 8 Z /7 1 //! Z " /= 1 DB

. >9 P9 9 "LH " /= Q \P \6 ~ 96 F " F X 8_H
Q G?@A# -1-3
8" . / 9 R B 96 F • # C 8 . Q \P \6 96 F "
Q L 6 96 F Z /7 ! ‚H . /! R B 1 > 1/ : 0 /B 69 ! >9 IX /= .
0 . F QB :> Y . 9 Z /= 1 = IX Q 9k 4 1 = Z \: 1 >8 >Z 1 >
\6 " O ZFC 9A! . >9 \6 /= QG 1 > ^ P Q \P 896 F • Q:
: T \6 " .? 0 69 8 . 96 F Q \P
(USBL)28 t! . Z " •
29
(SBL) t !. Z " •
30
(LBL) /A . Z " •
.Q: > /" P9 9@ !z@ y : " . " ~ F X _HG
F( #A3 4 3 ; - Q G?@A# -1-1-3
" . >9 d K M P 9;: . AF : >1. C Q \P \6 896 F " .

31
Q> 6 AF : >1. "0 . >9 IX /= . "1 /! ! /= 9 "1 / :. . R2#
G H Q> 6 /= AF : 8Z /7 Q#> Q: 0 . >1. USBL 96 F " . =9 1 J /=
/= QG Q> 6 Q \P 8Q5 AF
F : I ! 6 8I 6 6 . >9 G H ? Q> 6 Q5 8. : QJ = >1. =9
"1 > . 2G= 9< . "0 !Q USBL " . 1 J Q ? . >9 Q Gg6 \6
.=9 z4 0 2 9: ! d 2H QP "0 Q \P \6 ! Q " I \ 6 9AF . 92 =9
28
Ultra Short Baseline Systems
29
Short Baseline Systems
30
Long Baseline Systems
31
Target
44
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
[288] USBL 96 F . 9 = -28-1 R2=
F( 43; - Q G?@A# -2-1-3
9 #! ! 1/ : QG M P 9;: . AF : >1. C Q \P \6 8 "

\6 QP . 9 \6 "1. Z 89
9 #! 1 = IX "1 / : RF : . >9 d K 8 1 = IX
W" ! ? Q \P \6 QP 8 = ! RF : t " . = 9 "1 / : RF : Q \P
.Q 60 8 = Œ9= ^ P RH o \ ! L ;6 AO .8 5 GB . 9
45
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
[28] SBL 96 F . 9 = -29-1 R2=
! )3 4 3 ; - Q G?@A# -3-1-3
5/6 Q \P \6 "0 ! /= 9 96 F " . 92 ? /A . Z Q \P \6 "

81 > 7 . " ? 6 _B ! : XH/ 2 . >9 d K AF : >1. C
Z \ ~; . >9 P1 J ~ ; 0 /B ! =9 "1 >. 2G=
2H 8^ P Q \P \6 R = LBL " > ! . RF < ` . =9 1 P !Q "=>
^ P Q \P 81 > RP < . + u /= AF : ! >1. LBL " .=9 ^ B . R;
./ 9 \6 /=
9G Q \P =9 1 P 1 > RP < . B K !Q LBL
L " 9 ZF
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32
8 "0 Q \P \6 "1 > IX . 34
3 . >9 1 J "0 Q \P \6 GPS . 8 7 9{\ =9
.=9 151 LBL 96 F Q \P \6
32
Global Positiioning Systems
46
# !"
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3 4 E 3 3F
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A O; 1 "1 > . 1 =Z "„ 4 83€ . >9 Q: E D 8 C 8 B ~; "1 > L 6 O;
Q \P 8 A-E A-D 8 A-C 8 A-B RF
F : \6 96 F "Z /7 Q#> Q: "0 . >1. =9 Q:
. >9 \6 A O; + u /=
[229] LBL 96 F . 9 = -30-1 R2=
G5 Q \P \6 QP 8 M I! 6 9
9K/ ^ B "1 96 F " . 1 Q RF : ! 96 F
/" N . = 9 "1 > 9m RF : C /A . Z " z> d . 9
Q \P \6 O 9@ . = 9 Z GPP R P 1 = >1. Q \P O 0 ! Q Q \P \6 Z1
R G6 d K . 8 1 = IX "1 >. 1 J .=9 # 8 616 !. Z ! USBL SBL "
0/ Q A P QP "0 ! F; dK LBL " .1 J 9A! . . 9 9J / "
.Q 1 = F 6 8 = 9 . 9m
47
# !"
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$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
I / eO 9 "1 > !Q RF LBL Q \P \6 . RF

R <` d 2H QP
"1 >8 >9 P1 J Z \ LBL " 2MK . . > P1 J 1 = IX
. 1 J ? 9 #! . #P 0 69 d 5J . 9@ . >9 IX ? " ~
8 >9 IX 9 #! . #P "1 >8 F . / >9 Shiphull Q \P \6 8 9@< /t
. >9 K 2H eO =9 0 ? "1 > 89 #! Q! < < /
[30] Shiphull 96 F . 9 = -31-1 R2=
33
(GIB) GPS 3 Q G?@A# -4-1-3
"0 ! 1= K 9 . 96 F Q \P \6 " 8GPS ] @ /26 Q: # 4 81.

"Q> 6 . >9 P1 J "Q>
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92 . /= 9 .0 9< 0F u8 1 . Z /! " /= 8 6 6 "9 .R = ~
> 1. ! 1 = 9< . d GIB 8=9 ? K6 Y . ! " .
. 9 9 /= 96 F • 1/ : 9 . Q> 6 8 GPS 1 > !9 " 96 F • Q: 0 .
33
GPS Intelligent Buoys
48
# !"
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$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
"1 > ?7 /= " "0 ! = 9 LBL /A . Z 96 F " C 2\ 8

9 Q \P \6 A >9 Q:
Q " 1 =Z /= L 6 96 F "Z /77 . >9
. 96 F "Z /7 Z 8 . 96 F " 7 oD GIB !Q 6 R P 2 . >9 d K
C < ! 9HO " 6. QG GIB
G " ! =9 _B . /= 9 : O22 F Q 1/ :
. /=
[35] GIB 96 F . 9 = -32-1 R2=
Q: 0 . 1 ! Q: . 2 . 1=Z 96 F "Z /7 "1 >. " GIB 96 F "

Q> 6 Q \P ?! 1 7 / 9 P ~ G6 ?! 1 7 9 • ^ . " 83€ . 9 QG• "0
:> Y Q• F QB > . =9 xk# ? Q> 6 ^ B GIB . =9 1 W G H 9 .
. \6 1 / : " AF : 8• Q
Q: 0 . = 0 69 8 =
49
# !"
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$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
G 5 -4
"1 QG 0 /! {B " #! 9 6 834Cm 0 /! K/4/4 RX: . 9 1 ; C

9/G /\OP IMO 0 . 1983 Z ./ d P "0 . d 7/" 9 # " #; @ 6 Q5 9: > "
I / 9: > " A B ! /!9 B "Q@ /\OP . I X6 d 7/" ^ P 9:
9 > " BD S6 Q "
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91 ; C . > m d.m 2002 Z m Z . ! 6 Cm K/4 RX: . 1 = e HX6 k 2000
:[46] >9 T F 6 R f = "Q@ 9: > " eO 8 k .
9 d 7/" d?A /j " /= 9 / . # 9: > " "1 d?A "Q@ •
. /= 9 . 9 BD 9 6
#; ! / {6 / 2 " 9: > " dK / . 1b "Q@ •
7 "s t Q @ 89 " #; . 1 . =9 d K ". ^GO/ I / 9: > "
.= 9 a / . O ". S6 9 #
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./ {6 9AA @
d 7/" 9: > " 9 BD 0 C / ! / r/" " "Q @ \: Z •
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W; 8 / . = 9 "0 K 9A< 9< 9 "L H • B 92 : > W ? 9 #;
J/ m Œ ? . 92 0 /B 9 " #; 8 z@ . 9 J 9 " 9/ Œ ;6 [J<
[ 95
. =9 H 9 "L H ( /= L H . • ) ! /j " ( /= ) 92 ! "
J 9 " Q? 6 •ƒ 8I / 9 #; .1 J 69 ! 8Q; ;<
8 Y/ " . 1 = " /= : 63 1 J 9 " #; 0 69 @ ; 0 /B . W;
34
Contracting Governments undertake to arrange for the collection on and compilation of
hydrographic data and the publication,
ublication, dissemination and keeping up
p to date of all nautical
information necessary for safe navigation.
50
# !"
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#; 9 " O 7# MDB + X ! MDB 9 6 Q \P ! Q d.m

:. /6 GB 8 #; C ; I / 9 " #; Z \ ! 96 BD . /= 1 = xk# ^ P 9
. B J6 ^B •
" 9\ G • B •
9A<< ~ O M? •
O W Q55 MDB . 1 J •
"R4 " A2 Rg # Q • B Q \P •
... ? LG6 BD •
"1 Q 2 R@ " .=9 0 . 96 A B ! =9 @ 6 9: > " "Q= C 9 " #;
UNCLOS 9 P0 /! . /= G 0 " ^GO/ d 7/" 8^ / . 9{\ 9 " #;
#; ! 6 . > xk# " #; " #! < 9A! "1 H 89AF ~ O ! 351 ! I X6
0 9< . 9AF o " 8Q #! /t . 9A AP 9 9A < \@ O W 9G / ? 9
9A< ~ O Rg 4 "0 @ ! Q 9 #; K . 9/ a o " 8 /j " . = 9 " /= 6 !
: = :> Y . FX 9 #; .1 J . xk# ? #! " AP 9 9<
#; X6 •
#; C ; •
9;: /G eO •
MP /G eO •
8/ 9 J 9? W; " #! | # " 9J "1. < > P 9 ". 9 T \6 " !:
.= T
TA k " /G eO FX 9 " #; . 1 J R =. \6 A B 9 P 1b
35
7 (?6 "
51
# !"
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37
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x Q5 0 69 A
. = 9 WGS84 Z \ ?
. G H 0 69 " IOP ^ . . !Q O; 1 //! RX L Z = Q5 . 80 ? ]
0 69 8 IOP . 1 J F / ."9 W 9\P Z = 89 /E Z = " #; Z = Q5 Z \
. \6 ? 9\P Z = 89 /E Z = .o H Y 96 <DF Z B
/ ;6 92 2@ zu ! 1 > 0 69 9A! 8 > ! @ 6 97 7t Y O; . 9 " #;
39 38
9 " #; 8_HG . =9 / ;G ! > ? 92 2@ " #;
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kj G 5 -2-4
0 PZ /26 . 1 J 9 " #; 6 <Q 4 zu ! . ! 9 ! @ B

" #; 81. . >9 1 J " #; . @6 zu ! "Q = . 0 /j " 9@ ! 4 \ 6 Q: # 4 0 .
. >9 P1 J 0 L 6 " . /" 1 = ‰ t 6D4 / 4. 1 J zu ! 9
^BL 6 ^B >1. 9: > " #; d K ^ . 1 = Q= BD " #;
. =9 6 QP 8 #; C ; I / I / \ "zu ! + . " Q B !
O 9@ < Q \P . 9" > dK 9=. 96 BD G/ zuu ! 9 " #; !
8 R P9 " • B # M? 9 9@ 8 /" 9 P0 9 "
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36
Distortions
37
Gnomonic
38
Vector charts
39
Raster charts
52
# !"
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. 1= R< ~ 92 2@ " #; . I / 1 J 9 d 7/" 8 @ 6 d?A t 4 I< F 9A<
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R < R2# R< + X zu ! 9 " #; . 1 J @6 O D2# W" ! 8 >1 = ! O "

9 " . = zu ! " #;; ?7 92 2@ " #; ` 6 8 " #; > . . K< 9 R;
C 1996 Z > 6 : z4 resolution A.817(19) /\OP I@ P 1995 Z 92 2@ " #;
/ ;G 0 69 92 2@ " #; 9A! . > DF resolution
esolution MSC.64(67)
MSC. /\OP
:[46]
1 17 4 C "0 BD ! /= 9 1= . 1= 2 "32B R = 8 " #; •
9AF Q : . /= 9 BD @6 TU #! " 7 6: Z \ .Q 1 Q ^•
0 ! 2 .=9 . eO . 9F "Q \P ~ X6 R # !Q ‡ " #;
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? O \ ^B A .0 LG6 BD 0 69 8+ ! Q DB 1 /" 0 # Z G
1 f BD + ; " ! ! 9 " #; Q : /t . • k
" #; • B . /= 9 Object
bject-oriented d 5J "Q : 9 68 ./ 9 .
_B ! =9 a B "1 " ? meta-data d 96 BD /= 9 "0 > 9A4 ~ O 8~ ; R =
=9 . 1 f9 " m # BD " #; . >9 " #; 96 BD H 0 = 6 9/u
9F " m BD 5/6 ! =9 1 02 0 ! " #; W " .
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IMO 0 . = 9 5 S-57 / . d k I@ P IHO 0 . L 6 ! " #; 9AA @ "
5 ! " #; . ! 92 2@ " #; BD W " ~ 9 " 1995 Z ?
. 9{\ /\OP 1 = y H@ <DF
DF C . I X6 resolution A.817(19) /\OP I@ P =9 1 J
#; BD !9P =1 " #; . 1 J Q@ < / 69 92 2@ " #; BD W "
53
# !"
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I / ? 5K6 . 1 J 0 9: > " A BdK /JU ( t 4 I< F) 9A< " #! ! Q @ < . 1
./ 9 G #4 I6 0 1 ! d P 92 2@ " #; BD 56 QG d 7/"
9AA @ 0 . 9AA @ 0 . L 69 " #; . 1 J 56 97 7t ~ "
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9 2@ 9 " #; 9/ ?7 !Q !f d.m
.m . 9 I X6 9: > "
.Q :
40
'# @'7
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IHO 0 . . S-52 S-57 / " Ô ! / " ! " #; 892

8 2@ " #;
R = 92 2@ #; . /= 9 d.m #; BD A! R # " #; . . >9 56
92 2@ " #; W BD 0 .0 !1 = 0 Q : 8 H !Q 1 17 4
. 1 J
#; ENC . =9 @6 9 @ ?! 9 @ 9: > " 6: 92 2@ 9 " #;
#; .Q: > 1 G = 8 =9 : K6 "9 € ! L 6 ! 92 2@ 9 " #; 0 G !Q :
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.= = ? 9 ; P 5 Rg 9A 26 BD 8 zu !
41
5 -5-4
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9 #; 5000 < 9 H 8 =9 @695 \ 2 9A< > 0 .
40
Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC)
41
Digital Nautical Chart
42
National Geospatial- intelligence
54
# !"
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9 " #; I / H HX66 Z B . 89A< ~ O 9 "L H • B Q \P E6 R @

0 69 9 " #; 9A! . > / 9 P " #; > ! . 8 / . = 9 "0 9 d 7/"
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Q \P 02 1= K E6 A . = :> Y ! 9 5 9@ t! H HX6 8N •
1 = H HX6 . ". / 9 :a 9 #; ... 1 = y u 9>. 6 " /= Q \P "
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43
9 . AF BD Q: . 34
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43
Notice to Mariners
55
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R2= 9 k "r 9/H/ ~ O . 1 J /j " =9 d K B ^B
. /" 9
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9 " #; ! MDB W Q5 1 J " . 9{\ -8-1 Z
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Chart Plotter GPS
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C : "9 #!!
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44
Nautical chart symbols abbreviation and terms
56
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9 k !8 8 € 8D4 "
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G 5 #$ G ! @ 0 #4 I > /7 G E#DI -8 -4
89A< TA k " #! BD 0 Z Q@ 5 9 " #; @6 56 . Q /2 Y/

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P1 J TA k " #! L 6 9:
9 > "9 P "1 @ 6 Y/ 8 IHO 9AA @ 0 . L 6 1 = 56 S-57
/ ! Q d.m 8Z < . =9 1 J 92 2@ " #; @6 1 > " . 1. . >9
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HO 9AA @ 0 . 6 = 1? 7 " . " W=
W 4? 7 ". S-57
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R@ " . >9 P1 J 9 P 9 " #; @6 " . /" S-57 / . 3.1 W 8Z <
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"1 97/" " K K/ 9 W 4 TA k 0 > //! @ 6 • !9 " J6 8 1 9 P " #;
W BD "0 . 1 J " ENC W 97 7t ! 9AM W ?: 8 1 DB . >9 9 P
. = C < " ENC . z> ? 97 7t / . 96 E6 K . ! 1 = _BB 8 z>9 •S6 9 P " #;
:a 0 " RM 69 IHO 8 = 9 E6 R P S-57 / . 3.1 W 2 M K . 9@
.Q 1 = 56 " ENC @ 6 ECDIS
DIS ~ RM 9 d 7/" T \6 IHO L 6 S-52 " 8 z@ .
96 : / S-57 / O " G >9 P1 J 9 P 9 " #; z> ? @6 ! "
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45
International Electrotechnical Commission
ission
57
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9 > " BD # ! Q 9 . 9: > " :
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6: . 89 " #; 1 DBB . 1 = ?! †? 9@ "0 . ~ TA k "3 " #!
: . /6 GB ! / 9 # / ? 9 # " ! 9: > "
MDB ? 5K6 89 ^ P " 89 " . 9F 9< M? T F 6 R # 848 " /" •
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8| 8 ! 8r/! r/" 89 / ; : 8 @ 80 A7 9: > " 6: : 1 = R; 0 69 "0 6 5
8 500 A7 9: > " : "Q @ \: / Q\ R@ Wk .2 M 8]] 8 /A . 80 80 @ 8 :
. =9 4 0 L 6 1 = @ 6 m XH 0 . 9: \
46
Nautical charts and nautical publications,
ions, list of lights, notices to mariners, tide tables and all other nautical publications
necessary for the intended voyage, shall
all be update and up to date.
47
Sailing directions
48
Sailing directions
49
Notices to mariners
50
United Kingdom Hydrographic Officee (UKHO)
58
# !"
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UKHO @A)K
K & !#G @ -1-9-4
0 # 92 2@ zu ! 9 " #; . 9\ 0 A7 9: > " :

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9AA @ "0 /! P QH6 9:
9 > " "3 S6 / . : .=9 ^P BD S6
9B a " #; . 9\ 9 #; 3300 . # : . 9 Q @ \: UK W= 4 QH6 "
Q \G6 Cm " M P . 8 =9 @6 : L 6 !9 @ 9 " #;; . 9 @ 6 9XXk6 ".
B K 9A! 9 @ 9 " #; . /= 9 Z 1 9H J6 K6 89XXk6 " ! 1 J / 9
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9 #; C ; 6†? . / 9A< "1 H dK Y/ # " 0
8 4 7/ !m 7/6 ?M Z ! 83 A77 Z ! Rg 1b s A= 9 " ./ 1 J ". I / 9 @
9< \6 1 9H X ! =9 R ! 0 9 ~ "9 /" L 6 9 " #;
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R # m XH . =9 J> 9B a " #; "0 ! >9 P1 J 9 " #; /!
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0 5 . 9F ^ / /= 9 Cm P ^GO/ " M 8519 > . ~ " M •
" M :> F E6 8 d D6083 ! Load Line 9 #; . >9 P1 J
.=9 P ~ 9AX: "1 1= \6 ^ / R = 9 32\/ 1998
1 Z 9>.
P05 . Q P " 0 8 #; .1 J 8520 5 eO 9 .^ / \6 LG6 9 #; •
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51
Load Line Regulations
52
The world time zone chart
53
Admiralty routeing charts
59
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A! 9 P9 #; `/4 \6 . / 9 S6 Z . 1 " 9 /= " 7 C PL = :> Y

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. /" C P d C P / 8d
M? GB " / . 95 BD "9 /" 8549 @ 9 ~ "9 /" •
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54
Admiralty routeing guides
55
Planning charts
56
Co-tidal charts
57
Astronomical charts
58
Magnetic variation charts
60
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! I@ P # " #; ~ <DF H HX6 9 6 89 " DB ./ 9 .
=9 # / UKHO L 6 J" " 9 @ 9 " DB . 9 S6 Q on-line F
! 9 S6 97 J" F "0 9 P zu ! Q : " 0 A7 9A< > 3]
2002 Z M]Z „ 6 " M Cm 0 /! K/4 RX: . 5919.2.1.4
.4 M C
. /= 9 m d.m
60
'# @'7 G 5 * C- H ?@A# -10-4
M . 1 = T \6 IHO 0 . S-557 S-52 # !Q 6 € ! BD ECDIS

.=9 zu ! 9 " #; 0= ?7 QA P 9 Q \G6 IMO 0 . Cm 0 /! . V/20
BD 8 . 1 = T \6 IEC 61174 " C 9 ? 5K6 "
A . " 7 BD GPS .1 Q 9 \P BD Q P "9 W 9 P " #;
9P . 9 S6 4 F Q \P \6 ~ BD ECDISS . ^ JA6 AIS
33 R2= . 9 @6I / X 9\ " O ECDIS 8 >9 P O 5 /=
.Q 1 = 1 0 # ECDIS "0 @
59
SOLAS Chapter 5 - ? 0C C C! E
nautical charts and nautical publications to plan
n and display the ship’s route for the intended voyage and to plot and monito
monitor positions throughout the
voyage; an Electronic Chart Display and Information
tion System (ECDIS) may be acaccepted as meeting the chart carriage re�uirements of this subparagraph;
2.1.5 back-up arrangements to meet the func�onal re�uirements of subparagraph 2.1.�� if this func�on iss partly or fully ful�lled by electronic
e
means;*
* An appropriate folio of paper nautical charts may be used as a back-up
back arrangement for ECDIS. Other back-up arrangements for ECDIS are acceptable
(see appendi� � to resolu�on A.�1�(1�)� as amended).
nded).
%1
A 6( 6 ( @ ' . (4 . 4 A @
61
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
[33] ECDIS "0 @ -33-1 R2=
Q : 8 H 6 ./ 9 S6 ECDIS #; "1 17 4 8 ! " #;

2 ^ . !? " #; . > P1 J 05 9: > " ?! L 6 69 ECDIS 8 " #;
" M IHO 9AA @ 0 . S-61
S / " M C 8 =9 @ 6 zu ! 9 " #; 0
. /= 9 92 2@ " #; BD W 1 J . K IMO
I Resolution MSC.86(70)
" . 1 J IEC IMO 8 IHO
HO 9AA @ "0 . o . 0 / " M C 89A!
:Q 1 = F 6 " /= L 6 ECDIS
IHO 0 . S-52 S-57 / " •
IEC 0 . IEC 61174 9AA @ " •
IMO 0 . Cm 0 /! . K/4 RX: . 19 18 "1 ; •
'# @'7 3 F G?@A# B < -5
Q \P S6 . BD 89 • ^ . 92 2@ ? 5K6 . 1 J !9 "
8Q P . =9 1 92 2@ 9 ! " 8 /" 9 Z ; O LG6 " O
62
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
Q \P \6 " 9 Q5
Q 89 " 8 4 . 9@ @z" " 8 1 " "
. >9 P9 . R XJ6 Q . 9; X 0 /B 96 F
G G?@A# -1-5
. ! 9 "1 " . 1 = 32\/

2\/ 9@ • .1 J !Q 9 1 " Q \P \6
\6 9 5 " Q: # 4 W 4 0 ? " . 9 \6 . eO ? eOO ~ ; Q \P 8 / " N >
: W" ! . < 60 O D2#
2# 1 =R5 6? 9 "L H 8 GPS 1b 1 " Q \P
Z /! "1 7 89 {: 9AF Wk 9 "L H ! 1 " " 2A B C 4 .Q
"Z /7 Q: . 34 "1 " 8 " .=9 "9 #! on-board "1 > 9/ .
6 / 9 Z " /= on-board
oard "1 > 9 . "Z /7 9 \P "1 89/ . "1 7 . H HX6
. > \66 " /= ^ P Q \P A
1 " Q \P \6 " 1 /" R 2#6 ? -34-1 R2=
63
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
3€ Q: > /" P9 ?K A @ > GPS 8Q ? 6 Q \P \6 " 8_HG

1b 9 "L H ... dataa 832A6 8 JA6 96 "3 S6 ! 61Q / 96 k "1 "
.= " 1 = 9@ ? 8 9 ! R< . ^ /
0/ G ?@A# -1-1-5
> !Q A4 QJ = . Y/ . \6 "1 " 0 69 A4 QJ = >1. ! ! 1 94 0 / #

3 ! : 8 =9 ? ". 9B t ! 6 8/ Q! < = " QGG • 1 > 1/ :
8 / . =9 J> A4 QJ = DOF
F 8Q! < • 3!: E6 1 4 . /!9 E66 9@ 3!: QG 9 :
832B .. k6 "1 " 0 69 8d A\ Q \P 9/ . "1 7 "1 " . 9
9@ • A4 QJ = >1.
K K/ Q F X . 94
9 9/ . 1 7 Q \P 0 69 A4 QJ = >1. "1 " Q \P 0 d A\
.Q 1 = Q ? 6 d 1 "
Q Q \P . 6 1 6 ! • Z 80 = ? < Q Q \P . 6 /A • Z 80 = <
A4 QJ = d 5J -35-1 R2=
? 9 "L H 95 F =9 Z /! 2 : . L 6 Q? 6 "1 "

.Q 1 = R 2#6 "1 > 9/ . 9 Z /! "1 7 89 {: ?K Q P . ? Q? 6 . >9 P1 J
: /= 9 . FX ! Q 1 = R 2#6 1 " 6 \6 . 89 {: Wk
61
International Maritime Satellite Organization
anization
64
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
. P 90 R . 9GOP R2= 1 HJF

F 5t "1 " •
. P . eO . A ! 1100 J6 "1 " J6 •
. = 9 ; P 107 < "0 Q! < 1 •
"0 ! 9 Z ?6 " 7 400
00 150 < "3 ! : • Q? 6 "1 " . " •
.Q 1 = @ BD
D R = 9 "d E 4
Q? 6 1 " 89 "L H ! 1 " Q \P \6 " .1 J ? 1 DB
:Q 1 >9 "L H +X 0 .1 J W" ! K/ ! = 9 ? 9G \
z@ 8 P .. A ! 1100 AF : "0 ! 9 1 J 9@ @z" Q \P ~ O N . •
. 9:: ! d 2H
. z>9 •S6 A ! 1100 AF : 9< . R;• 0 •
\6 0 ! 6 9 Z • G2 ; P " Q O;/ Q ? 6 "1 " •
. =9 !? "# m \ \6 8 "1 "
.Q M4Q? 6 QP •
GPS G ?@A# -2-1-5
A! ! Q: > 1 " K X6 2 : . 8Q ? 6 1 = 0 /B I \ QAB

95 1 " Q \P \6 . o 02 < 6? 0 I \ 1 Q? 6 "Q A P
@ "0 "d E 4 " ! ! L2 L1 Z /7 !Q GPS Q \P \6 C . d GPS
; a 1 = Q: "1 > L 6 9/ . "1 7 "Z /7 . >9 Z . 1 " L 6 8Q 1 =
R B. 9 Q 9/ . 1 7 Q \P 8 "1 " Q \P 0 d A\ 1 > 1= @6 "Z /7 9: "Z /7
J J 6 Rg 9 " O •S6 0 ? >1. 1 J "1 > "1 " \6 8 "1 " /" Y .
: 955 6 R P 2 GPS L 6 Q \P \6 . z>>9 •S6 1 Q Q \P QP
• ! Q 0 "3 ! : k R@ . PL . ?6 " 7 > 2 6 1 1 H GPS "Z /7 •
= # • 3 ! : t ". >9 P J • A . . R B •S6 QH6 . 1 " . Q! <
. k † ? 9A • 3 ! : 0 69 9: . . =9 ! "0 J •S6 0 ?
65
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
"3 ! : L Z /7 GPS
PS 8 z@ . =9 . "Z /7 9 02 m "3 ! :
. > oz< 9A! J • "0 ; 6 =9 k L2= 1.2 GHZ L1 = 1.5 GHZ
9@ • !Q 0 R @ . =9 @ "1 " . 9@ 9 / • 9 " ! GPS •
. + R2 .: >1. t > 8 .. > P1 J 9 Q \P \6 / 69 "1 " .
\6 8 z@ .Q 8. : d 5 8• "R22 \6 : 9AF R2# 8=9 z4 0 2 Q
QP R <•
@ R <• 9 " !R@ " .=9 z4 0 2 R < • . : >1. ! 9 Q \P
d 9: X6 ? G= ! GPS . > 9 F "! ! Q \P \6 6 =9
P1 J ( L2 L1 Z /7 " 1 = @ ) P ! ( L1 Z /7 1 = @ ) C/A "
. >9
1 J Wk Z /! 89 {: ?K Wk
W . 1 " " / ? GPS Q \P \6
.Q: > /" P9 2J6 "Q P . " FX ! Q 1 = R 2#6 0 > //!
n H_3 -1-2-1-5
Ž H@ 3€ . = 9< 63 R . HJF 3 1 " 24 GPS "1 " W \6

.Q: W" ! 8 > P HJF 1 " 3 " ! > HJF 6 1 " 18 9 {: Wk 89@ RM
18 ! E6 1 " 21 "1 " \6 81986 Z < .= 8 !9 K B 244 W= 4 ! R@
W \6 9< . /: > P 9! 1 " 3 1 DB 1 " HJF " HJF W= 9AF 1 "
HJF " ! > =9 5 R
55 . HJF W= 9! 1 " 3 9AF
F 1 " 21 F "1 "
. > P1 " 4
: 0 /B R f I@ P GPS 9 {: Wk "1 " 9< Xk# 0 69 9A!
. P 55 R . R2= 1 HJF 6 1 " 244 8GPS •
.=9 . eO . A ! 20200 "1 " J6 •
. = 9 QB 2 "1 " Q! < 1 •
1 "# R P "1 " \6 8. G= TA k "0 . . eO TA k "Q \P = PI < •
. = 9 1 " 8 64 U ^:
66
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
. >9 P1 J ?6 " 7 > 1.55 1.2 3 ! : •

0 •S6 QH6 ! 9 K # W= 4 8 "1 " . \6 6m J6 QAB •
. >9 P L = R;•
GPS 9 {: Wk W -36-1 R2=
; @ H_3 -2-2-1-5
1 !9 "1 " "Z /7 ! = 9 9/ . 1 7 `/4 R # GPS "1 " 9 Z /! Wk

d.m H HX6 "N. 4 9AF Z /! 1 7 ./ :9 r/ € A! 9AF Z /! 1 7 1= BD
1/ : " L 6 1 = e HX6 BD 3€ G H QB " 4 "1 " :> F BD
:. /6 GB Z /! Wk T U 9A!! . =9 ^ ?6 "1 "
"1 " 9/ W 4 \6 •
"1 " 9 D Z /! •
"1 " QB 9 ? " •
67
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
"1 " BD ^ ?6 •
&! b@ H_3 -3-2-1-5
. /= 9 9 Y u 9 Y 0 ! R # ! /" 9 R 2#6 0 > //! 1 J Wk

k GPS "1 > B K
" >1. P 8 >9 2 : . LG6 : A! Z \ ! 9 Y 0 > //! 1 J •
Q \P P 8 /= = P "Q H •\ ! 0 9 Y 0 !. / 1 J P !.
. Q 9 m QP
\6 C/A ! . 5/6 /= 9 " >1. P !. 1 J .K 9 Y u 0 > //! 1 J •
P "Q H •S6 QH6 9 < "0 Q \P \6 QP 8 / ./ 9 1 J Q \P
. >9
.Q < C/A ! Q \P \6 QP 2 @ < 9 9 /t 6 P ! . 1 J Q \P \6 QP •
?@A# G0 !6 -4-2-1-5
89 Y "1 > Q \P \6 QP G5 /j " 9 Y u0 ! Q @ \: Z /! Q5 2 : .

62
9@ r/ 9 AS 8 SA • R = "Q H . .Q 1 f k6 6 "Q H
: >9 1 =
63
BD 1 " QB O K ^ . 2 : . L 6 !Q B9 O P SA • •
QP 5/6 0 •S6 = K 19900 C 25 . ! 1 4 Q @ \: .Q :> P GPSS 8
. • 2000 Z . ! Q: > X6 2 Q@ . = 9 9 Y u "1 > Q \P \6
9 Y u 0 > //! 1 J 6m QP GPS " > 1. "# \ „ 6 .
. = z4 0 2
2 M K . . /= 9 0 . 1 J P9 Y 0 ! 5/6 ! = 9 Y ! P ! ‚ \6 P AS64 • •
0 Z 9A\ Z /7 Q z@ 8Q
Q xk# GPS 0 > //! 1 J P ! C/A
/A ! Q 1H
62
Anti-Jamming
63
Selective Availability
64
Anti Spoofing
68
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
K Y ! 0 > . 8 @S . > A Q5 . Q \P \6 O K Q5 1 >

. Y ! 9A\ Z /7 Q 02 Q xk# 0 Q 1H !
0> . z@ 8 GPS
PS "Z /7 =#u ? K 0 2 8 Anti-Jamming •
6 • t ". 9 Z 6 P ! 0 > //! 1 J • 8 @S . >A
. Q. 4Z # P . . =9 !0 N#u K 02 8 =1 :
)#7 & G ?@A# -3-1-5
!Q 0 9AF o " 1 = K 4 9 {: 3 ] L 6 ! Q 9 5 9 A@> 1 "

. S6 " 892# 9 4 +X 95 0 ! 1 " ^ P Q \P \6
.=9 GLONASS 2 GPS 1 " " QG 6^P " > 1.. S6 P A@> 1 "
.=9 .9 : E "• B ^ P Q \P \6 eO . J6 > 1. R # 6^P " > 1.
9 4 RA Y QH6 5/6 Q \P \6 R; K A@> 1 " > ! . 9 o"
9A2# 8 / 9 XH 1 " " .1 J 2 ! r/ < ! =9 _B .=9
A@> 1 " 8 . . 05 9 Y u0 ! 1 " Q \P \6
1 " . >9 P1 J GLONASS GPS 1 " " /! R 2 0 /B Z \
"Q A P . 1 J 9@ . 9 S6 0 !d B QP ! "3 . 1 J 0 2 GPS / ? A@>
. >9 Â\6 8 . 49 d.m " / ?" ! K6 0 ! 9 Y0 ! 5/6 A @ > . QP
A@> "1 " . /= 9 9! 1 " 3 9AF 1 " 27 ! Q 1 " 30 R # A@> 9 {: W
Z /! ?! . P QG 56 R . . eO . A ! 23616 L J6 R2= 1 3
d y= A ! 130 9 0 @ „ 9@ A@> 1 " Q "1 " 1 Z /! ? 9/ .
.Q 1 = K @
69
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
0 3_ G G ?@A# -4-1-5
DOF 8 >9 a B R 0 ! "1 " ^ . ! ... 32: 8 JA6 81 8 F / T

TA k 96 k "3
0 !9 S6 ~ D2# . 8" 9< "1 " : #4 " ] @ /26 . =9 1 MSS65
. 9 : E 1 H d ! " ! 1 = R 2#6 "1 " . B K . ? MSS .Q J6 "1 " R
"1 " 8 37 R2= ^ O . 9 S6 1 = 9< MSS 9A! W= 4 "1 " B K /" 9 W= 4 .
: =9 / ;6 M4 L 8 66 /# M] 0= J6 C MSS
8Q \P J6 . /= 9 . eOO . 9 " R 22300 9G ;6 J6 /# M] "1 " •

Q • 1 //! 1 " # Y 0 1 " Q \P / . /!9 Q! < .0 QB 9B 1 "
89 Z /7 ". / " : . eOO . 9A ! W= 4 1 " 4 3 \6 P "1 " . 9
/# M] 1 " " 8 / . > 1 " .. 6 . • < 9 .
. Z /7 Z ; 9 . " S6
QG "1 " . P . eO . R 9375 6 3125 AF : 867L "1 " •
9@ . Z /7 Z ; !9 . S6 / 8 /= 9 ! J6 /#
# M] "1 "
1 " 12 . 9G ! 6 Z \ .=9 # "1 " \6 = . 9/ . R ! W= 4 =
. K 9A ! W= 4 MSS 69 L
68
"1 " ! J6 P .. R 1250 6 500 J6 "0 ! M4 "1 " •
W" ! 95 6 R P " 7 ; " • Z; 9 . S6 ! Q 1 = _B
B K /" W= 4 . R! / ! M4 "1 " . R2# MSSS " .
. /= = 1 " 100 6 20
65
Mobile Satellite Services
66
Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
67
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
68
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
70
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
[22] R 1 " " 1 J "1 " -37-1 R2=

R
Q! # 9 . 1979 Z . d Q / 8 =9 a B MSS " L 6 !R "3 . 92

. > K 8d ?@ P 9" O " /= 1 " G6 S6 9 9" 3 o" {B #! 79
? QA P . 9 S6 " 92# 8 R 96 G6 "3 a< Z< Q /
9" . . %75 < 8 a<Z< . " W ?: ? GPS / 1 " Q \PP \6 " QP 69
Q PQ / 896 k "3 1 DB . = 9 9 " " ! %2 92# %23
2 Q 9 Q /
69
896 F " R = "3 . S6 " /= ? 9 Oa 9/ 95
.=9 9 / "3 7 QB 4 Q / 8 Low level data tracking
R "1 7 9/ . "1 7 89
9 {: Wk 89AF Q P . 1 " " / ? Q /
: Q 1 = R 2#6 9 #! R
. ; / " 96 A B "1 " . B 4 ! Q 1 = R 2#6 /# M] 1 " 11 . Q / 9 {: Q P •
. >9 P1 J back
b up | 0 /B 1 " "0 . 7 4 9 {: 3 ]
69
Global Maritime Distress and Safty Systems
ystems (GMDSS)
71
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
W= 4 9 / 76 6 9@ = 76 . // 9 9GOP 9< Q / 96
9 AB "1 "
: /" 9 W= 4 < 5t Q / "1 " 9A!
9 . /" 9
3A C P y = .i
3A C P u .ii
d C P .iii
/"" C P .iv
./ 9 K ~ G6 9AA @ 9A 9/ . 9 G6 " 2G= Q / 9 {: Q P 9/ . "1 7 •
"1 7 ~ G6 K o" =9 K ;O/ " 96 G6 ^ . 9/ . 9 G6 " 2G=
17 9/ . "1 7 . "1 . >9 P1 J 8 BD "1 //! S6 Q / 9/ .
. >9 Z " /= R R "1 7 3€ / 9 Z; Q / 2G= Z /!
./ 9 P R< /= : 9 G6 " /= R R "1 7 •
. /!9 K 0 ! + "3 S6 " 2G= . 2 ` 6 Q / 8 >1 = ! O "
1 = 9@ 8 /= 9 •ƒ 9 " ! !Q / "3 . /t 8_HG
. >9
"3 /!9 ! • Q 9600 Z ; QB !Q Q / 3 @ 8AQ / •
. = 9 3! : 3
32A6 8 JA6 96
1 J H Z K ] @ /26 . Q 1 = A Q / ?7 ` 6 !3 8BQ / •
3 832A6 896 F "3 BQ / . Q 6m 1 Z ; QB 5 3! : Q J ! 6 >9
128 64 856 "QB QB 41 Z; "3 • Q 9600 L QB 3! : 1 "
. /= 9 • Q A!
8B AQ / "3 ; CQ / 3 1 //! ? : XH/ Q A P 8CQ / •
70
! 9 S6 ? Safty Net d 9 CQ / 81 DB .=9 0 1 . 1 fQA P
9< " /= 0 2 0 69 0 . 1 J !Q EGC . >9 1 J 0 . EGC71 d
Z< "9 #! " 9 "d E 4 Q P EGC : XH/ Q A P = . 9"
9 C +
70
Store and forward data messaging
71
Enhanced Group Call
72
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
Q / L 6 9< IMO L 6 ! Safty

S Net 3 8 . Z d A\ 9< Q• Q! <
Safty Net 8 7 GB . S6 " /= 9 9/ BD Q P 8Q
Q 1=9 C
@6 "d E 4 . Z + 9 : E < EGC "C C dE4 ; Q P
9 P 9 TA k 9< CQ / 9/ . "1 7 ^ . Safty Net
et 3 1=
. >9 Z
L QB 1 Z; 3! : "3 • Q 4800 QB 96 F "3 8MQ / •
. 9 S6 • Q 2400
D2# 89 " Q \P \6 GPS + X 1 " " . 1 J g!
1 " " > ! ! 1 = _B 8 " 1 J m "3 ! : # ! 9G \
! " ! 8 . . =G 0/ R P 9: ! 89 "L H 9/ S6 9 5/6
.Z \ ! =9 1 " Q \P \6 QP W ?: / . R2 .1 J . 9 "L H
. >9 1 J Y/ ! 7 80 @ A .9 9@ @z" "
72
7 7kG G?@A# -2-5
Q \P 1 /" Z ; 1 7 6 AF : oD 0 ! = 9 Q \P L k6 9
9A! N 9@ @z"
. 1=1 Z ; Z /7 0 0 . oD >1. AF : oD 8 . >9 >1. d A\
0 . oD 8 =9 Z • R 186000 < 9B 3 /E 2@ • 2MK . . 9 Q 17
• 2 9@ @z" " 1 J 9 . < 8R @ " .=9 t! 1=1 Z ; Z /7 0
Z; RH 0 "0 ! ! 9 K 9@ @z" R2= 81 /" Z ; . AF : oD 9K 6 W ?: . = 9
. P 1 /"
72
Hyperbolical Systems
73
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
[117] 9@ @z" Q \P ~ O -38-1 R2=
9@ @z" " 4 Z F . 922 .Q 1 = 1 0 # 9@ @z" " L 61 J " J 39-1 R2=

1. k6 "0 0 0 . oD 8• Q: O; 8/ Z 0 ?" 9 B A O; > !Q
9 Q: 0 ?" 1 =Z • 8= = P ?! L 1 //! 1 " # > a. 39-1 R2= ^ O . =9
"0 ! "N ; .( b. 39-1R2=) 9 . oD 1 "• 7 ~; d 6 9@
a b
[23] 9@ @z" " 4 " J -39-1 R2=
74
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
. 1 J 1 B Q? 9 5/6 9 . oD >1. . 8=9 . 1 > 6 G/ . Z /7 # 9\P 0 .

.=9 9 "L H ! 9@ @z" "
. \6 / 5 QP "0 9 . oD 0 ! /= > 1=Z "Z /7 9@ @z" "N
: / 9 > 1. N 9A!! • 9 . oD
B 3@ 4 6 A 3@ 4 . 9 . oD
o =9 Z 16 ! "3@ 4 F • 0 ! 8Z N •
. >9 1 J 0 @ 9@ @z" 9 . oD > 1. N . . =9 > 1.
N .. >9 ; 7 2 9 . oD \6 Y/ R < "3 ! : ". : 0 ! 8d N •
. =9 1 J 7 ! 9@ @z" "
a b
[23] • 9 . oD > 1. d N . b 8• 9 . oD > 1. Z N . a -40-1 R2=
9< 16 ! "3 ! : "0 ! /= 9 1 " " . 4 . Q@ < 89 9@ @z" "

1 " " M4 3 ! : 9 I ! 6 8R @ " . > R; / 9/ . • ^ . / 69
Rg 9F 9 " . >9 9 "L H 6Q K K/ m 3 ! :
./ 9 1 J 9@ @z" 4 "J . ! 7 80 @
75
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
7 ?@A# -1-2-5
. B K . 0 ?" !L 3 ! : d> " "3@ 4 . ! Q /A 9 9@ @z"

Q: 0 . oD >1. 9@ @z" Q \P ~ O 8 . 9 1 J 8 =9 1 :Q• "1 7
. ? k6 Q \P 69 ! 81 7 4 382. 1 Q Q \P ~ O ;6 . =9 1 . k6 "3@ 4
A 7 -1-1-2-5
t! ? xk# "0 2 " 4 " 8 H d 9 5 r/ 1 J " 4 " 2MK .

/ . ? :< 6 4 Q 9 " L = 5/6 87 o .. !9 7
QP . . 1 1943 Z A0 @ D2# GAu 2 9A< >8 / .=
R2= Z; "1 7 . Z; "1 7 9G /" 9 " L = 80 . 8Q \P 97
"3@ 4 =9 1 J ?6 " A ! 1950 190081850 "3 ! : . 92 . . =9 1 master – slave
"1 7 . " > 3@ 4 /!9 Z /! slave 1 7 master 1 7 ". d • 2 4 <

. = 9 "1 > L 6 Q: 0 . "0 oD 9@ 0 2 3!:1=Z "3@ 4 . 9 Z slave
. P 7 2 . R 900 6 200 RF : ave Z ; 1 7
master – slave •. "
B 7 -2-1-2-5
73
. > K B0 @d I6 6 = :a 0 .:9 U /6 Q A P A 0 @ QP W ?:
74
0 @ QP . /" Z ; .: Q " ! "3@ 4 ! = 9< B0 @ • "1 /" Z ; Y/
. =9 # A0 @ QP
Q . R2 TX < B
C 7 -3-1-2-5
6 Q5 K 1? 7 " . /= 9 9: ! QP 6 P /A RF : B0 @ A0 @ "
1957 Z C0 @ • "1 /" Z ; @ .=9 1 J • G• W ?: Q5 I / 3 ! :
73
Phase Matching
74
Phase Coherent
76
# !"
G ?@A# B < 1 * C- D : ; 9<

$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
C0 @ "1 /" Z ; 9A! O . 15 05 ^ / 7 d C P 1958 Z =

9 Y u 9 Yo " 0 . \6 \ Q \P \6 0 2 . P 8 4 8 !8 2
RP . =9 1 J 9 . 6 6^ P >1. 9 "Z /7 . . 9 " :9 9/ . " !
: . L 6 "1 /" Z ; B K . 9 E6 J 6 eO . R2= 0/
. = 9 "0 1 Zi 9A< > 1= K 2
K ?@A# -2-2-5
2 L 69 Y o " S6 Q5
Q 1968 Z !Q 7 /A 9@ @z" 9 7
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Plan Position Indicator
79
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. 1. 8Q 1 9 Y " ! H RTE . 1 J ! > . u /@ bA 80 7 1990
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76
Radar Target Enhancer
83
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on-board ? 5K6 1 " 8" 2 " Rg 9 "L H ! 1 = 9< 9/ ?

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8VTS " /= : 6 "3 Y 96 BD ? " ] @ /26 . R L 6 89 #! R "0 ~
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Vessel Traffic Services
79
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85
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VTS 81 = M 3 . 95 0 . . ! 9J \6 ^ O .Q 1 > (VTS)
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7 Q \P <1 96 BD "d E 4 Z A . "Q @ \: . 9\ B K ! 9A< " . Q GB
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86
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Z /! ?! 9 k G66 ^ . 9 \P = ?> 8Q ? 6 Z < " /= . >9
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V "3 •
Z ?! Q \P 9 "Z /7 "1 /K/ " . /= 9 "0 ? A6
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9 5 W; ! " 9 02 VTS 8 " /= 6 € !0 track Y "
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: / ;6 . 9A! 1 > 0 69 =9 M VTS L 6 ! 9 "3 O 87 Y O; .
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Q /= ! 0 . " . >9 " : < 9 X6 f k6 0 2 8 / ./ " I /
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87
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9 U ~ ! / " ! "3 8d 1 > "3 •
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T U . 0 ~ "3 . =9 1 : 6 (Q ) 9" . 8d 1 > "3 •
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;O/ : 6 K< z> •S6 _B + /= Q! < ! 9 . 3 . >9 P1 J
8ea P G6 . VTS : 6 9" . 3 ? Q ;: 2A B . >9 P1 J 8 =9
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88
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Q \P 80 I / "? @ d K 1 Q R ! 92 : 6 X6 Q P VTS
TS 3 / 8 BD
92 : 6 X6 96 BD H QP 0 ? . f k6 L = G5 Q5 I / H HX6 1 9 . " /= 6L =
. 1= BD Q J ! 8 ; 97 VTS 3 /
8 P 0 W= 4 QH6 1. < ! 9 " /= Q \a Q \P ~ BD A!! VTS 3 /
X; Q! < Rg 4 BD 8VTS 3 / ?! @ = ?> M a /= " 8 ..= =
4 BD 0 /B =9 . 1 f VTS @ 96 BD G/ BD . 9 xk# 9
0 # 4 0 ? VTS 89 LH /= Q! < < 3€ . >9 P1 J I / 92 : 6 X6 f k6
? 89 " L = 8Q! < 9/ 8 : 6 K< Y 96 BD /j " "9 W o " C
. 9 " :? z>9 •S6 0 o " /= 0 Q ? 6 ! 96 BD 7 !
BD 6 9 P ~ G6 VTS 3 / VHF-FM 9 ^ . Q! < < /= "
/= 0 0 . ." P0 VTS ?! 8 1 = xk# Q! < E6 d ?@ F 1 9 .
. =9 1 N ?> \ Q! < /j " A B 0 4 8 VTS ?! ~ G6 P a? X;
9/ W ?: Y/ 1 " : / . 9G / BD VTS 3 / 8 =1 = ! O "
a . "0 @ VTS o " ^
^;H6 ."9 P0 9 "L H . QY: H " /= 6
: /= 9
3 ;O/ 0 !Q 1> / o < Z \ ! VTS W= 4 QH6 < •
. 9 9"
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VTS Z /! 8Q J U ! Q 9 > 8 VTS 9@ •
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97 = /" > 9 = 9 VTS 3 / Q @ \: /t dK 1 5B ! VTS 6 4 •
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. =9 6 0 @ L 6 ! VTS P •
89
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G F# ; @ G?@A# , 8 ; Q G ! @ -1-1-6
9@ . > \6 ES.IV F 6 I@ P IMO L 6 1968 Z @ 9 9/ K VTS N.

VTS K I / 9 " 6 . 8 "9 #! : 6W 0 track 96 ? 5K6 K ] @ /26 Q: # 4
VTS . 1 J " 9 0# ! 6 VTS " A.578 /" IMO 81985 Z / .= #
. =9 I / C <^ / 9 "Z ! 8 9m : 6 K< ! 9; / / 9 9 "Z !
N ?> "N Pilotage Q " 9 R5 60 L 6 " /= > X6 8 "9 /"
. /!9 xk# / 9 GB VTS 1 H . ! 9 " /= 9"
90
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3 4 E 3 3F
IMO 9/ ! 1997 Z M] 9@ 8 1# 1 = VTS "3 Cm 0 /! 1974 Z 6

83€ . /!9 0 VTS . 1 J K 97 7t ! :a / . Cm K/4 RX: M
~ . > S6 2002 Z M] 0 Q : = 9/ . 9/ + X Cm `/4 RX: 2000 Z G
: . /6 GB M VTS
"0 K 9A< 9< 9 "L H . QU J< 8 9 Q/ K VTS 3 •
. 9 !
./ K ;O/ eO : 6 K< 6 VTS "3 2 4 "0 . •
P1 J VTS " K Q5 P K IALA L 6 1 = 6ZF " F 6 8 /j "

: :>
1= 6 2000 G € ! VTS "3 / . IALA F 6 8 Recommendation V-119 •
endation V
.Q
2004 Z M] ! VTS "3 1 "N / . IALA F 6 8 Recommendation V-127 •
endation V
.Q 1 = 6
.Q 1 = 6 IALA L 6 2008 Z ! VTS "3 Mannual •
" / " > 9=. "1 ~ " / . IALA endation E-141 •
F 6 8 Recommendation
.Q 1 = 56 ! R/ 4
G G . /& ?@A# -2-6
L = 8" 8 P 8Z F 9 /== 8 ! " !. " /= •ƒ 9"" N ?> Q " 6

8 z@ . = 9 • g 9AA @ "0 . S6 /= 9" N ?> K d.m R<
L = 9" N ?> Q : 89A! Z F 89" N ?> " LG6 " F6 " M 9: \ . 34 _HG
. >9 P9 0 . S6 9" N ?> " 5/# 4 89< d.m
IMO 0 . L 6 9AA @ " 9" N ?> " . 1 J 8Cm 0 /! . V/8-1 M C
. BD 0 Z 8 S6 P 9" N ?> " 8 X T \66 C .Q 1 = F 6 =
91
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9/ W 4 8 " /= : 6 "3 8 K K R # F; . BD . . /= 9 = ?> ^

:. /6 GB " /= 9" N ?> " / . O 6 5 . =9 1 J 9 9> @ . >A " a
V/8-1 M O ". C IMO 0 . S6 . 34 ! Q 9 8 S6 9"
9 N ?> •
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9" N ?> " !Q !f d.m . >9 P N z4 IMO 0 . L 6 8 /"" W= 4 .o "
. =Q VTS . 9M? 0 /B R; / 69
" : 0 9/ W ?: (1
9 9 ! 9/ W ?: (2
9 Q . L H . QU J< (3
~ G6 Q " Q Zi ! 9@ 0 @ . R2# Q 9\ K 89" N ?> 9A< K •
.= " VTS 9@ K 0 " 69 K . /= 9 " /=
W= 4 QH6 < 6Z< " /= BD 0 Z 9/\ /= 9A< K ~ G6 •
~ G6 . >9 F9 "L H . QU J< 9/ W ?: o " ! = 9 9A< K
7 8= o " 9 d.m BD H 9" N ?> 9 #! 9A< K
@ N ?> . = O 9 "L H . QU J< " : 0 9/ P 9 ] . !
9 /= 1 = Q \P 80 Call Sign 8 /= d R # 9" N ?> W= 4 QH6 ;O// < /=
M? QP ! Q " /= . 9A< K Q 2 Oa L = . = 9 IMO L 6 /=
./ 9" N ?> 0 # \P 1 " | O @ H " ~ ^P
9A< K . >Q a 0 @ L 6 1 J 9 G6 "3 ! : G6 0/ QA P

. P /" 9 W" ! 0 . D2# ! 1 Z; 9" J= u "N " /:: \ 6 QG 9" N ?>
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: /=
. /= o " 9 a BD R = 5/6 = ?> •
0 . R2# ! 9 ./ Q \G6 9AA @ = ?> "N "Q : . /= 1 = ?> •
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92
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= Y/6 H = ?> Z 02 0 . 9@ =1 : S6 0 9/ 9>
9 @ ~ = ?> •
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N ?> " 7 . 1 Q BD 89> @ . >A 9/ F; . F •
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. > e #6 a 9" N ?> " K F; o " •
1> =9 ! 9A< M? . 0 9 K 9" N ?> !9@ •
9A< " 17 89 #! L 6 N ?> Z I / 9 : E Q \P 80 . 8 " /= ~ M? .
. > xk# QP 9" 3 O 1 Zi
: = 6 . 2 9" N ?> 1 . 1 •
K . 9AA @ 9A o " ". (1
LG66 " / ?" (2
O (3
. ! ? 5K6 (4
N. xXk : 1 Zi 9A< S6 ! / {6 89" N ?> 9@ "Q@ •
. 1 = ? 5K6 8 / . 1
. 7 Y ? ! " 7 9" N ?> 9A G6 "Q@ •
"3!: ! ./ 1 J < 9 3!: . 5/6 02 F 9"
9 N ?> " •
. = H RP < "3 ! : \6 9 ! [J< 8= . ? 7
9/ K I / 1 a ". H 8 =9 S6 " /= o . ! 96 BD •
.=
7 "Q H ~ RM " /= "9 ! xP ~ + = ?> 9" N ?> " •
./ S6 : X6 ~ + = ?> z>9 •S6 !
93
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$ :H $ K
3 4 E 3 3F
" ! / d?A /= 9 1 Zi ! 9A< S6 9" N ?> 9@ "Q@ •

: ! / {6 /j " / N.
N 4 = ?> 61 M 0 : S6 0 9>
9 @ ~ N ?>
. /!9 1 k 9 #! Flag State S6 0 = ?>
G . /& G?@A#
A# G E#DI -1 -2-6
1 J 9" N ?> 9JA k "Q : "N . Q 2 9A 9" N ?> " . " ! 6

< 0 0 = ` > 9" > _B Q 2 9" N ?> 0 > > "N "Q : R@ " 8/
~ G6 X P " F 68" M :> Y 8 . . > TA k 9" N ?> " W= 4 QH6 9<
BD 9 7 " W ?: K/ 8 = ?> Y/6 "Q : . 1 J 9" N ?> " K 89<
d ?@ X " M 6 5 . 9 R5 6 " .1 J 1 > 9" N ?> " A!
.Q 1 = 1 = 9" N ?> " > ! / .
IMO 0 . L 6 9" N ?> " N z4 I X6 L = ~ Cm 0 /! . V/8-1 M •
.=9
" Y Zi MSC !0 C ! Resolution A.858(20) /\OP IMO 0 . M •
. 9 0 . P "0 0 Q; O 9" N ?>
:> P / 9" N ?> " d.m L = P0 ! Resolution MSC.43(64)
MSC. M •
.Q
LG6 RM ? MSC.113(73) 1 = 9/ . " M MSC.189(79) 8 MSC.1
111(73) " M •
. 1 = 9" N ?> "
. = 9 "9 #! L 6 9" N ?> "Q : / . IMO 0 . Resolution
on A.851(20)
A. M •
9" N ?> ~ "9 /" R = "0 ". 9" N ?> " 9AF 9 B P 7. •
.Q 1 = : z4 IMO
MO Resolution A.648(16) /\OP C !9 "9> @ : X6
F ! . 9 d?A 9A< " #! 8 " /= 9" N ?> " / . !z@ y : X " M P

./ Z B : z4 9" N ?> "Q : "N 8Z F 89"" N ?> " K .
94
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3 4 E 3 3F
! @ G . /& -2-2-6
^ / = ?> Z . 1 "Q : IMO A.851(20) /\OP " M C

Q B d?A 89< > 6 Z< " /= "0 C !Q 1 > 6 9" N ?> " W= 4 QH6
Z d?A " /= "0 !9 : E "Q \P 8 1 DB . /= 9 = ?> H . 1 9F Z F
. 1 4 8_H 0 = 6 = Y/ ? Q P . >9 \6 " M ? 1 = xk# H 96 = ?>
9A! . >9 P9 = ?> "Q : / . IMO A.851(20) M 1 = 0 /B 6 5
: /= 9 / 9" N ?> " = ?> . + 7
d 7/" 9" N ?> W= 4 QH6
H6 / . • ‚H RGP 8 (SP) 809 J N ?> •
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International Electronical Commission
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Maritime Safty Commitee
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Ships’ Routing Systems
108
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110
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International Mobile Satellite Organization
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Global Maritime Distress and Safetyy System
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147
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kau J3
w of the sea, 1982. Special

[1] A manual on technical aspectss of the United Nations convension of the law
Publication No. 51
* ) 6 (?6 = 'E>> C- C ( >@ ' > >6 K ( 4 > L >- 6 > 7 B&7 C 4
[3] Hydrographic dictionary, Part 1, Volume 1, English, Special publication No.32. International Hydrographic
Organization.
[4] The seafaring dictionary, Terms,
s, Idioms and Legends of the Past and Present, DAVID
D S.T. BLACKMORE,
DAVID S.T. BLACKMORE, U.S. Navy

N (Ret.)
[5] Glossary of marine navigation, National imagery and mapping agency.
[6] Navigational aids, 'E>> C ' C ( > > K
[7] The U.S aids to navigation system,

m,
http://www.boatus.org/onlinecourse/reviewpages/boatusf/project/info
e/reviewpages/boatusf/project/info5d.htm
[8] The Canadian aids to navigationn system,
http://www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/debs/obs/environment/aids/menu.htm
ebs/obs/environment/aids/menu.htm
[9] Navigation & navigation aids, http://www.boatus.com/onlinecourse/documents/NAVIGATION.html
ttp://www.boatus.com/onlinecourse/documents/NAVIGATION.html
NAVIGATION.html
[10] Types of navigation aids, 'E>> C 6C 6C6 > >4 ( .> 5B 5B ( 4 B B4 -B
1 1C 4
[11] Port & Maritime Organization, http://www.pmo.ir
[12] Lights and buoys, http://www.sailingissues.com/navcourse

sailingissues.com/navcourse9.html
[13] Sea marks, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_mark
org/wiki/Sea_mark
[14] Buoy, 'E>> C ' C ( > >,- .
[15] Nautical chart, 'E>> C ' C ( > > - 6 K6 (
[16] "Short range aids to navigation”, National imagery and mapping agency.
[17] “Radio aids to marine navigation”

on”
155
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[18] “Operation’s guide for marine radar”,

r Furuno, USA 2009. www.FurunoUSA.com
m
[19] J.D.Reid, B.H.Judson and V.Smith, “Reducing risk with the marine navigation safety system”.
Transportation development center,
r, GeoInfo solution and Canadian Coast guard marine navigation services,
(1997).
[20] “2020 the vision: marine aids to navigation strategy”, produced by the general lighthouse authorities of the
United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, (2004).

(
[21] “Bridge lighting and other signals”,
nals”, United States coast guards, office of bridge administration.
[22] “Mobile satellite services (MSS)

S) report”, Public safty wireless network.
[23] S. F. Appleyard, R. S. Linford, P. J. Yarwood
Yarwood, “Marine electronic navigation”. Second
S enlarged edition.
[24] “RACON”, Tideland signal crop,
op, featuring aids to navigation products.
[25] “What is AIS?”, Tideland signal

al crop, featuring aids to navigation products.
[26] www.thrane.com/.../Introduction/LRIT/System.aspx
on/LRIT/System.aspx
[27] www.marsys.com.au/ais/vtssytems.htm
ems.htm
[28]http://www.km.kongsberg.com/ks/web/NOKBG FAD917C1256A7E002B9F
/ks/web/NOKBG0240.nsf/AllWeb/FF57C18363F
2F?OpenDocument
[29] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_Acoustic_Positioning_System
nderwater_Acoustic_Positioning_System
[30] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Baseline_Acoustic_Positioning_System
ong_Baseline_Acoustic_Positioning_System
[31] Kurt D. Schwehr, Center for Coastal
oastal and Ocean Mapping, Univ. of New Hampshire,
shire, Durham, NH
Philip A. McGillivary, USCG PACAREA Science Liaison, Alameda, CA, “Marine Ship Automatic
Identification System (AIS) for Enhanced
hanced Coastal Security Capabilities: An Oil Spilll Tracking Application”.
[33] IALA Technical Clarifications on ITU Recommendation ITU cember 2003.

ITU-R M.1371-1, December
[34] A MANUAL ON TECHNICAL
AL ASPECTS OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION
NVENTION ON THE LAW
OF THE SEA – 1982.
[35] UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC POSITIONING SYSTEMS BASED ON BUOYS

YS WITH GPS, Proceedings
ce on Underwater Acoustics, 8th ECUA Edited by S. M. Jesus and O. C.
of the Eighth European Conference
RodrÚguez Carvoeiro, Portugal, 12--15 June, 2006.
156
# !"
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[36] http://library.thinkquest.org/5286
86/history_of_lighthouses.htm
[37] http://www.essortment.com/all/lighthousehist_rhmw.htm
/lighthousehist_rhmw.htm
[38] http://www.feuerschiffseite.de/ENTSTEH/history.htm
/ENTSTEH/history.htm
[39] http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/regions/ropme/ropint.htm
>( >( '4 >( ' C 4
[40] http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/regions/ropme/rophist.htm
>( >( '4 >( ' C 4
[41] http://www.ropme.com/pages/structure.htm
> (-6 -( C 4
[42] http://www.memac-rsa.org/
[43] IALA recommendation E-110 for( the rhythmic

( . 4 6 6characters
( 6 ( of lights C
9 "J „ 6 8Z A 8 / 9 o \@1 *44)
[45] Rules of the road, !M'E>> C 6 C- 6 C >4 > (- >(- > - !C 4
*!%) A 6 ( 66 ( = M'E>> C4 C ( > .>4 ( 4 C 'N ' 6K O "1
*!+) IMO MS Questionnaire on the

e use of ENCs and Chart Carriage Requirements
nts
[48] Radar Target Enhancer, 'E>>

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157
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aw of the Sea
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4 A2 180 13
5 A2 180 13
6 A2 180 13
7 A2 180 8
8 A2 180 11
9 A2 192 11
10 A2 192 11
11 A2 162 12
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14 A2 240 13
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16 A2 182.5 12
17 A2 182.5 12
18 A2 182.5 13
19 A2 182.5 13
20 A2 182.5 13
21 A2 182.5 12
22 A2 182.5 13
23 A2 182.5 11
24 A2 182.5 12
25 A2 182.5 13
26 A2 182.5 13
27 A2 182.5 13
28 A2 182.5 13
29 A2 182.5 11
30 A2 182.5 11
31 A2 182.5 12
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A A2 240 12
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International Electrotechnical Commission
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152
Rate of turn
222
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224
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225
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. = 9 1974
74 Z Cm
9 " ~ " F6 R # 3Q 4 IMO Resolution MSC.74 (69) 8[ A3 ] •
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ITU-R 0 . . 8B 1 > ! MO 0 .
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OCircFreqman] •
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81995 9 5 9 { R # IMO Resolution A.815(19) . @ k 8[RNAV] •
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9 " 2 . GNSS 9Aa J6 1 k 9/: FX R # ITU-R M.823-2 F 6 8 [M823] •
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83.5 9
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[ •
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R M.1371-1
Q@ < AIS 9 5 ~ RMM / . IALA L 6 1 = M "9 /" R = 8 [Guidelines] •
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.Q 9 9 " 2 / . IALA " F 61 > 8 [IALA
[ beacons] •
9 #! R AIS "1 7 ~ " IEC 9AA @ 0 . q AIS #4 IEC 4 !

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. >9 P1 J AIS 9A< "1 7 ". ^GO/ IEC
C 61162-services "
. A CD! shipborne ? 5K6 8 AIS 9 k " ? 5K6 9 8 [61993-2] •
(2001 Z ) . Q 6 "N 9 ? 5K6 8 AIS "
154
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227
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1162-1]
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1162-2]
"QB 4 2G= 81 /= /t 1 / > /t" :d Q P 8 [61162
1162-3]
"9 B ". " :Z Q P 89/ - BD ] @ /26 ? 5K6 8 [60950] •
LG6 "0 . 8 / .Q 1 = 1 W AIS K L a " F6 L 86-2 R2=
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( 2009 Z ) 0 ! ". \6 9 •
( 2010 Z ) \ 6 •
(2010 Z ) "9 ! "‡> ? @ •
(2011 Z ) ?@ •
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9! # ! 9/ !8 > ?> 2009 Z 9 1 ! IMO 0 . A #= #"
160 159
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158
Safty of Navigation sub-committee
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Radio-Communications & Search and d Resque
160
Standards of Training and Watchkeeping
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161
International Federation of Shipmasters’
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231
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rvices Ltda 0
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de of Traffic 0
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Navigation Aids t * *
Factory
Vega Industries
/A . * * *
Limited
PLATH GMBH 0 @ * * *
Ryokuseisha
4] * * * * * *
Corporation
Selex Sistemi
@ * * * * *
Integrati S.P.A
267
Schnoor
Industrieelektronik 0 @ * * *
GmbH
Resinex Traiding
@ * * * * * *
s.r.l
Rokem t *
CHL Netherlands
/A" * *
BV
Thales Air Systems-
: * * * *
Surface Radars
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[1] Unclos Articles, http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS

org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS
os/UNCLOS-TOC.htm
[2] IALA Strategy 2006-2010
(1 ) 9/ d /9 : 63 9 R \@ [3]
9@? /9 ;O/ 9 : 6 Z /! 9 R \@ [4]
/0 . 8 9AB C /5 T @S6 8 @ ; 10 . Z @ ; 8 " /= : 63 R 26 R< [5]
/0 . 8 9AB C /5 T @S6 8 @ ; 10 . d @ ; 8 " /= : 63 S6 K [6]
/0 . 8 9AB C /5 T @S6 8 @ ; 10 . d @ ; 8 " /= : 63 | 6 2 | 6 [7]
[8] Industrial Members of IALA, http://www.iala
ttp://www.iala-aism.org/
[9] Nick Ward, IALA, “The IMO e--Navigation Initiative”.
[10] Recommendation on Automaticc Identification System (AIS) Shore Station and networking aspects relating
to the AIS Service. IALA Recommendation
endation A-124,
A December 2002.
[11] Report on the 55th session of the

he IMO Sub
Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation (NAV), e-NAV7/4/3.
e
[12] Recommendation on Vessel Traffic
raffic Services in Inland Waters, IALA Recommendation
ndation V-120,
V June 2001
[13] http://www.menas.org/regionmap.htm
map.htm, Middle East Navigation Aids Services.
[14] IALA Technical Clarifications on ITU Recommendation ITU cember 2003.

ITU-R M.1371-1, December
[15] http://bushehrport.pmo.ir/
[16] http://khorramshahrport.pmo.irr
[17] 2020 the vision, Marine Aids to Navigation Strategy. General lighthouse authorities
orities United Kingdom and
republic of Irland.
270
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xG > ! AIS 6 1 = ! < O 2 " #5 F 5 &g TSD <= I - A

AIS 0&1 :K- {4 !
U# !& " ZL d 5 - )# #- 3& W AIS ' #- 0&1 F ! .6- 2 " #- !48+
.31 62 - DU2 TSD <= I - ' #- !48+ !- #- . <&- 9 x&4+
[13] 9 ' #- !48+ * > #- * & < TSD <= I - -10-3 DU2
D
"U&- U$ ! _- 3#0W = ( <Q ! & [ > 3 ) 31 S-57 " ! _- F ' #- <= I - % V 1 !

U TSD <= I - DL " ! _- % 8 1 . &Q" "5 > !C ! #O ! ( Q !;
* + "$ 6- 62 6&$ 5 Y _- " #5 S-57 " ! _- . 1" 0& ?- !C #- ( L %2
.6 #- D 6\5 S-57 3 = ! " ! _- ' [ - 31 W TSD <= I - FJ L !_ZZ ) ! _- [ - % I6
314
# !"
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W ! 31 % TSD ' #- <= I - W !\ "U . AIS &@ ,< A B CDE •
" - Q / ! .62 " <&- - )# 62 :K- AIS 6 1 = "$$ 1 * > #- !

' 0 3#1 ! ! f > 21 6-- 1 I N& F62 62 :K- ! ) Informer v--07 I - ! AIS 6 1 =
[133] AIS AtoN 6 1 = ) !- #- -11-3 DU2
62 1 - )# 3 ) f > ! 21 6- 1 I N& !- #- 12-3 DU2 . Q" 1 <

62 - F62 " 6 DW < ' #- %& @# AIS ' #- 0&11 ! < O 2
0&1 T > - )# I O- ! 6 #W "$ d O &0 % .31
. 2" 81 6 #2 AIS I N& ? % 6 .6 2 " TSD
D <= I - AIS V 1
[13] ! ) 62 1 21 I N& 4 -12-3 DU2

315
# !"
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F6- 2" :K- - )# ! AIS 6 1 = .AIS &@ ,< A B CDE ( •

<&- 62 " - )# !& 6&8 * > E ! 6 I N& 6- W 21
2 I N& 1
.6 #- 1
[13] U # 3&;G
;G ! & ! ) 62 1 6 I N& 4 -13-3 DU2
U2
6 1= 1 62 1 F 2! Y AIS #- ! W TSD <== I - 6- 1 ! 0- )

\ D/ ' F ! .62 " * > #- %& @# -)
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.62 " 0& <&- ! 0 6 < 5 0&1 3& W %& @# " 81 0&1
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! AIS 0&1 .6- #- "= ; - )#
) * ?- 0&1 O % ! AIS
< ! - )# 1 ! " ! 3&;W ! Y T&W * > 31 W GPS 0&1 L !Z1
F6- " #$ %& ! 9 - ! - )# 3 . * <& O5 !- Q " ! .6 #- 1
S "- d> _ " 2 6 B <$ ? %&# ! ! 2 "Z&4 * ?- " 1 ! &- ! 6 2 " )# A i A
.6 I O- 6; 5F 9 * ?- I O- 3
316
# !"
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" )&= 5 %#G F62 " ATONIS

A ! 9 ! = _5 3$ E AIS V 1 0&1 81
! 2" : ... > ] 2 6_ <& F $ 1 € C 6;5 D&\W 0&1 "$ U U$ 3&;G
3 dW ! 1
) "1 2 0&1 !@- A F%
% .6 ~ _5 &'# A 4- ! - )# * <& O5 ! 9: G
< % 5 .6 #-" 1 "E1 '0 1 ! &1 " * + ! <&- !_Z 9 * > F62 62 81 !
9F - )# ? ! ATONIS 0&1 :$ W 9 ! = ~ _5 3$ E AIS 0&1 81
:62 " D • D# ! " ! &Q % 2 !'- !
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- )# * <& O5 ! 9 " Q9 •
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! " ! ‚- S& 5 •
2 62 :K- AIS T > ! 3&;G •
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! U U$ * <& O5 " L [ W D\W 6& 2 " ZL •
%&' 1 ! < }Z D0 % 5 "U FAIS 0&1 81 ( H$ l = <
~ _5 : dZW > ! ! ( % 69 ! ! 5 "$ .62 " - )# 3 ( % "
! < !& 32HQ F #- 6 L &Q 6+ 100 > ! %U& ! "2 L Q" - "# : G
.62 6 L 2 62 f +
2 31 62 ";1 3#0W % F - )# 0&1 }Z )& U5 "1 R
- "$ d O M1 5 81 ƒ5 1 F - )# 0&1 4- * &+ KL F ` Ff 6 !
. 2 W "1 %6A
:! ( 6 -3-4
186
)# .s F%•#Z !U\2 " M&4 - " # „8E f6 6 5 U1 " V - = " # d#O
! 31 % - )# * <& O5 !& NLB 31 &1 .31 #- %& a5 - " #5 " # -
* & # 34+ .6 #- r \ L < L" "E1 - )# * <& O5 " #5
186
Northern Lighthouse Board (NLB)
317
# !"
: ! !" :3 %, & !2
! 9 <& &Q 6- F6 #-" d5 1 " b * + F - L U# ! " - )# " #5

9 5 203 & ! - )#
) 3 360 NLB G E E . Q" %&&;5 r \ F 0&1 &#> 3& W
.6- Q" AIS GSM
M 81 ! 6 0 " !
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!U\2 81 ! 9 3&# D&$ ! 62 " & T&W > ! !& % 6 > UHF * > \5 81
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. & ! 5 * <& O5 ! &- " 4 ! '0 ) UHF * > \5 !U&$ E F311 64 M1 5 -
( 6 -4-4
) "1 " d#O F - )# * <& O5 6 '- ! < - " # xZ1 <= ? !

d#O . #- ;5 !_Z % - " # „8E &0 - )# 3 103 0&1
:31 W ?-6 L 0&1 O "1 "
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: 65 \ 0&1
&1 % " + "5 & # d 5 .6 9 316 "-9 > ! - )#
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F ZL [ - V 1 Rg1 F< - )# %& * > \5 T > < ! ZL 3&;WW "-9 - •
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# 1 %&#h5 3 6- * & # I O- F 62 9 d# % V1 ."$ 6 " &= N * > * +
3 5 T&W < ! - 3& W \- " 6 * ;ZW 6;5 DW 6E F i A SW - F i A x&4+ U #
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6 - F6- W 0&1 % 2 345 ! " - )# ! Y #- &2 9 •
... 62 :K- * <& O5 ! Y F - )# ! Y " #
318
# !"
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:6- Q" 6 !1 D• :$ W 0&1 % <
ZL 3&;G " ( <Q < -1
< -2
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2 3 CDE @ (6
R& '- 360
306 6 * 2 <Q 81
"1 103
6;5 % ! 2" D+
+ E !O& - % ' 3&# E 345 - )# 6;5 !0 _
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319
# !"
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$ %&
, F GH - 1 I< @J
K@ -1
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* + ! 31 %U# r < )A 6- "1 2 D ]- Q 38- U1 D# * 0&1a5 % .31
" &- W F" ! - !&+ 5 - IALA
A 1F 1 % .6- Q :K- DE 1 ) <- D+ = " Q <O
! O " M&4 3` 8EE %# - ? ! " &0 * 0&1a5 % x&4+ HQ 3 !&
T Z * 0&1a5 L1 % HQ 3 - " #5 ! 6 #- %&#h5 6 8` - "$ d O .6 #-" "- 1
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320
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.6- 2 W "1 U1 % f > %# E T> O !& 9 I <$ d F Q
Offshore ) H 1 LM N DE -2
] - F Q F38- U1 hore * 0&1a5

Offshore U1 #- S x&4+ HQQ 3 3&# ! ! 5
.6- #- U1 % %# E %&&;5;5 HQ 3 !& " &- W ! - !&+ 5 " #$ %& 1F %& 5
Offshore * 0&1a5 U11 x&4+ HQ 3 !Y %&- W E IALA Recommendation
ommendation O-139
O •
%& 5 HQ 3 !Y %&- W E IALA Recommendation
ommendation O-117
O •
( = ‚- 6&81 - i A ) L1 U1 HQ 3 !& IALA Recommendation
ommendation O-114
O •
UV 3
6 < b ] - 66&$ 5 * 0&1a5 U1 HQ 3 !& IALA Recommendation
ommendation O-131
O •
!_Z & HQ 3 ? ! - )# ! AIS 81 !& IALA Recommendation
ommendation A-126
A •
]- U1
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i A ) DW 6E ! 23
3- #G 5 Q HQ 3 ‚- 6&81 i A 6 A ) M11 5 :2 6 U1 •
.62 " 3 D W3 U1 9
187
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.6- 2 !&- . 15 / 6E
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187
Mean High Water Springs (MHWS)
321
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!&- . "1 V Uf E T\Z 6 '&1 % 3&+ KL .6 2 ! 2 6& 2 U1
. Q 1
6 3& W ! 6- &Q W 81 "- 6 "5 + '&1 .62 !&- . 0/75 6 5 "5 + '&1 ) DW 6E •
.62 # " D 5 F" ,9 M 2 &.a5 345
U 9 ! %U& ) F 2" 1 2 ' J L * 0&1a5 " 8- U1 ) ! 62
6 &- D&$ ! Q •
! %U& . 2" %&&;5 " d M1 5 %U& 9 V 6 6 . Q" 8 1 62 :K-
(__ ..) D V 3 6- 5 " F311 6 - b " ! _- 2" :K- L 1 U1 )
. QS
M&4 #- S %U& ! 6 2 S& 5 :1 " " d M1 5 ! •
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3 * 0&1a5 " Q
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M N- 1 ) H K * > I -3
! %# E 62 I C ! "_> 6 8` " E 1 UNCLOS " %&- W ! #O 80 60 %&- W V 1

.6 #- O L" M&4
&4 DL ] - * 0&1a5 1 Q 38- U1 F" K < f > "_Z >
188
L 1 * 0&1a5 F" K < 345 F KW K4- T> F O 3#0W F UNCLOS
NCLOS 60 -W •
KW K4- "E -
189
* = L 1 * 0&1a5 F" K < 345 F W * = F 2 3#0W F UNCLOS
NCLOS 80 -W •
W
188
) 23 +45 ) 263 ( &(7 ( 2 ( & ( -3 - ( 83 -( 3 39
:
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322
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F%# E T> O 31 I C F Q 38- U1 * 0&1a5 F < " # \ - " # „8E ? !

M1 5 " #$ %& 6- 1 % = Q ?- 6 %# T> E% 3;1
;1 . &Q I O- "_&W &Q 6-
U1 * 0&1a5 3;&\> ! ! 0 "_Z ‡ 4$ %# E T> !- Q % S&K 5 . 2 %&# 5 " E 1 d O
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!& T > 6 %# E U .[9] 6 2 62 O IALA IMO 1 !&+
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323
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3&;W - !& " Q9 %& @# 6 2 " " ( <Q ! I< 2 9 !
324
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K= 11 ! - %& 9 V 1
#- 6 9 Q F%& a5 ! W6 " ( <Q 0&1 F, K ;5 V 1 .31 62 !&+ 5 *62 ! IMO
0&1 T > 62 9 Q* > .6 2 " )&= 5 < 2 %& " * 2 <Q T > * >
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2 345 ,9 62 %&&;5 Q '$ 64 ! %&E 2 %& @# .6 #- " ( <Q L 6K_
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326
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!= Q* + ( 5 X " 31 ";&\>
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327
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.62 "#- - )# 9 #- S ! &- A% ! ;2 ! ! 5 .6- 2
; @ ; ( NW UF VQ ( ? I $* -2-1-3
6 DW 6E 6 2 F ' 6 - <&- 2 1 - D 2 345

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328
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329
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84
85
86
87
88
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84 85 86 87 88
2 1 6 !4- 1 2 6;5 9 !0 _ -15-3 DU2
330
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6&81 i A ‚- 0.5 ON +1.0
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sec <O
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0.4 ON +0.4OFF
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0.6 ON +0.4OFF
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2.0 ON +8.0OFF
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0.4 ON +0.5
5 OFF +1.2 ON +7.9 OFF =10 sec MO (A)
0.5 ON +0.5
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>! " 9 i A ‚-
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0.3ON +0.3OFF+0.3ON+0.3OFF+0.3ON+2.5O
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0.3ON+0.3OFF+0.3ON+0.3OFF+0.3ON+0.3OFF+0.3ON+
N+0.3OFF+0.3ON+0.3OFF+0.3ON+ 3
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0.5ON +1.0OFF+0.5ON+4OFF=6 secc FL (2) .R
0.5ON +1.0OFF+0.5ON+6OFF=8 secc FL (2) .R
4ON+2.6OFF=5 sec FL (3) .R
4ON+4.8OFF=8 sec
s FL (3) .R
0.5ON +1.0OFF+0.5ON+1.0OFF+0.5ON+5OFF=8
5ON+5OFF=8 sec FL (3) .R
0.4ON +1.0OFF+0.4ON+1.0OFF+0.4ON+1.0OFF+0.4ON
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5ON+1.0OFF+0.5ON +5OFF=10 sec FL (4) .R
< W ‚- d 1 )# A Q.R
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376
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0.5ON +1.0OFF+0.5ON+6OFF=8 secc FL (2) .G
4ON+2.6OFF=5 sec FL (3) .G
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0
0.5ON +5. 5OFF=6 sec FL.Y
0.4ON +1.0OFF+0.4ON+1.0OFF+0.4ON+1.0OFF+0.4ON+3.4OFF
1.0OFF+0.4ON+1.0OFF+0.4ON+3.4OFF =8 sec FL(4).Y
0.4ON +1.0OFF+0.4ON+1.0OFF+0.4ON+1.0OFF+0.4ON+4.4O
.0OFF+0.5ON+1.0OFF+0.5ON+10.0OFF =15 sec FL(4).Y
0.4ON +0.5OFF+0.4ON+0.5OFF+0.4ON+0.5OFF+0.4ON+0.5OFF+0.4ON+16.0OFF
0.4ON+0.5OFF+0.4ON+0.5OFF+0.4ON+16.0OFF =20 sec
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1. 6ON +10. 4OFF=12 sec FL.W
1. 8ON +10. 2OFF=12 sec FL.W :1
1. 8ON +13. 2OFF=15 sec FL.W
6&81 i A ‚- 12 5 10
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D
1. 5ON
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1. 6ON +1. 0OFF+1.
FF+1. 6ON +1. 0OFF+1. 6ON +8. 2OFF =15 sec FL(3).W
2. 0ON +10. 0OFF=12 sec FL.W
2. 5ON +12. 5OFF=15 sec FL.W :1
2. 5ON +15. 5OFF=18 sec FL.W
6&81 i A ‚- 18 5 12
2. 5ON
D 21 "$
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2. 5ON +2. 0OFF+2.
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3 <- 5 i A b - \W - * &+ KL -23-3 6
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2 Qc
1.5ON
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1
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379
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&X "- - ! [ - D# - )# Q< 1 - D 2 345 ,9 .
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y ;
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N DE
27 04.043 N
ISO " 6& 2 6 "1 1 - V Q\ = %# ,9 ! 1
056 09.002 E
27 04.780 N
Fl.5S " 6& 2 6 "1 1 - <= 1 #2 <\11 5C ! 2
056 07.010 E
27 04.460 N " 6& 2 6 "1 1 - V Q\ = 2 #2 < W 5C ! 3
Fl.5S
056 07.540 E
27 05.158 N " 6& 2 6 "1 1 - <= 3 #2 <\11 5C ! 4
Fl.5S
056 05.522 E
27 04.730 N " 6& 2 6 "1 1 - V Q\ = 4 #2 < W 5C ! 5
Fl.5S
056 06.330 E
27 05.045 N
Fl.5S " 6& 2 6 "1 1 - V Q\ = 6 #2 < W 5C ! 6
056 04.950 E
27 01.221 N
ISO W ! U1 ! "1 1 - V Q\ = %# ,9 ! 7
056 05.441 E
27 01.044 N
Fl.5S W ! U1 ! "1 1 - V Q\ = 5 #2 <\11 5C ! 8
056 04.410 E
27 00.641 N
Fl.5S W ! U1 ! "1 1 - V Q\ = 6 #2 < W 5C ! 9
056 04.565 E
26 59.471 N
Fl.5S W ! U1 ! "1 1 - V Q\ = 9 #2 <\11 5C ! 10
056 00.389 E
26 59.263 N
Fl.5S W ! U1 ! "1 1 - V Q\ = 10 #2 < W 5C ! 11
056 00.605 E
26 57.749 N
Fl.5S W ! U1 ! "1 1 - V Q\ = 13 #2 <\11 5C ! 12
055 59.290 E
27 57.479 N
Fl.5S W ! U1 ! "1 1 - V Q\ = 14 #2 < W 5C ! 13
055 59.421 E
27 06.127 N
FL(2).6S / 6& 2 6 <= <O ZL ! 14
056 12.208 E
27 06.153 N
Fl.5S 4 / 6& 2 6 <= 4 < W 5C ! 15
056 14.876 E
27 06.759 N
FL(9).15S &- "W X " / 6& 2 6 <= " X ! 16
056 16.596 E
27 08.267 N 3 "W X " / 6& 2 6
FL(2).6S <= <O ZL ! 17
056 14.080 E
27 09.350 N "W X …6 /"- _E ! U1
FL(3).10S <= "W 2 ! 18
056 16.980 E 5
388
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27 01.614 N , X/< < V Q\ = " X ! 19
FL(9).15S
056 23.881 E
27 02.302 N ( @ 6 - )l 2/< < V Q\ = <O ZL ! 20
FL(2).6S
056 32.288 E
27 02.441 N
ISO , & , &5 L V Q\ = %# ,9 ! 21
056 45.800 E
27 04.246 N
FL(2).6S , 1 "W X - V Q\ = <O ZL ! 22
056 44.603 E
26 57.362 N
FL(2).6S W %# ! U1 <= <O ZL ! 23
056 17.362 E
26 32.171 N
FL(2).6S !' $ " &$ ! L 1 " V Q\ = <O ZL ! 24
054 57.758 E
25 37.0625 N
Q(6)+LFl.15S 1 / )1 6 V Q\ = " ! 25
057 42.016 E
26 25.791 N
Q(6)+LFl.15S =6 <= " ! 26
054 30.981 E
26 20.650 N ) #2 / r < : 5 <
Q(6)+LFl.15S V Q\ = " ! 27
055 12.447 E ( 2
26 09.716 N
Q(6)+LFl.15S , /r< :5 < V Q\ = " ! 28
055 17.693 E
26 10.732 N
Q(6)+LFl.15S "W 2 , /r < :5 < V Q\ = " ! 29
055 20.658 E
27 51.740 N
FL(9).15S , X / "1 < V Q\ = " X ! 30
055 00.655 E
26 59.045 N
FL(2).6S #2 / "1 < V Q\ = <O ZL ! 31
055 00.981 E
25 51.251 N
Q(6)+LFl.15S , / "1 < V Q\ = " ! 32
055 01.025 E
26 43.108 N
FL(2).6S … A 6 V Q\ = <O ZL ! 33
054 17.030 E
26 34.972 N & < V Q\ = %# ,9 ! 34
ISO
054 01.400 E
26 34.800 N & < % &5 " " X ! 35
ISO
053 54.100 E
26 33.66 N & < V Q\ = "$ #2 ! 36
FL(9).15S
053 53.19 E
389
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y ;
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26 25.0820 N
FL(2).6S ) &1 % &5 " <O ZL ! 37
053 08.469 E
26 25.0820 N ) D\& <= <O ZL ! 38
FL(2).6S
053 08.469 E
25 18.620 N - 6& 2 / A % &5 " 1 #2 <\11 5C ! 39
Fl.5S
060 35.150 E
25 18.679 N - 6& 2 / A % &5 " 2 #2 < W 5C ! 40
Fl.5S
060 35.095 E
25 18.977 N
Fl.5S - 6& 2 / A % &5 " 3 #2 <\11 5C ! 41
060 35.965 E
25 19.055 N
Fl.5S - 6& 2 / A % &5 " 4 #2 < W 5C ! 42
060 35.980 E
25 18.990 N
Fl.5S - 6& 2 / A % &5 " 5 #2 <\11 5C ! 43
060 36.740 E
25 19.055 N
Fl.5S - 6& 2 / A % &5 " 6 #2 < W 5C ! 44
060 36.710 E
25 18.207 N
FL(2).8S - 6& 2 / A % &5 " %# ,9 ! 45
060 34.072 E
25 19.030 N
FL(4).10S - 6& 2 / A % &5 " JK ! 46
060 37.055 E
390
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, YZ N ] e N DE 3 `
27 05.15 N
Fl.5S " 6& 2 6 "- & %U2 b <\1
\1 = 1
056 04.09 E
27 05 28 N
Fl.5S " 6& 2 6 "- & %U2 b < W = 2
056 04 20 E
29 05 19 N
Fl(2).10S " 6& 2 6 " L %U2 b <\1
\1 = 3
056 03 50 E
27 05 50 N
Fl(2).10S " 6& 2 6 " L %U2 b < W = 4
056 01 10E
24 07 41 N
Fl.5S 6& 2 6 "- & %U2 b < W = 5
056 12 26 E
27 07 39 N
Fl.5S 6& 2 6 "- & %U2 b <\11 = 6
056 12 10 E
27 09 16 N
lSO 6& 2 6 5 ! 3 <- 5 = 7
056 12 18 E
27 09 33 N
lSO 6& 2 6 6 ! 3 <- 5 = 8
056 12 18 E
27 07 59 N 6& 2 6 " L %U2 b <\11 = 9
Fl(2).10S
056 12 10 E
24 07 59 N 6& 2 6 " L %U2 b < W = 10
Fl(2).10S
056 12 26 E
27 06.18 N V = ˆ& L 6 " L %U2 b < W = 11
Fl(2).10S
056 04.48 E
27 06.19 N
Fl.5S V = ˆ& L 6 " L %U2 b <\11 = 12
056 04.54 E
27 06.11 N
Fl.5S V = ˆ& L 6 "- & %U2 b < W = 13
056 04.51 E
27 06.08 N
Fl(2).10S V = ˆ& L 6 "- & %U2 b <\1
\1 = 14
056 04.59 E
27 20 26 N
Fl.5S "- _E ! U1 %U2 b <\1 = 15
056 16 55 E
27 10 22 N
Fl.5S "- _E ! U1 %U2 b < W = 16
056 16 53 E
26 32.30 N
Fl(3).10S U1 V = 17
055 17.00 E
26 39.00 N
Fl(2).10S 6&;1 = 18
055 15.00 E
391
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26 57.00 N W %# ! U1 %U2 b <\11 = 19
Fl.5S
056 12.00 E
26 31.60 N !' $ 6 " L %U2 b < W = 20
Fl(2).10S
054 53.20 E
26 30.36 N
Fl.5S !' $ 6 "- & %U2 b <\1 = 21
054 50.36 E
26 31.50 N
Fl.5S !' $ 6 "- & %U2 b < W = 22
054 53.20 E
26 30.30 N
Fl.10S !- 0 V = 23
054 36.30 E
26 41.48 N
Fl.5S ! &A 6 = 24
053 44.00 E
26 43.37 N
Fl.5S … A %U2 b <\1 = 25
054 17.00 E
26 43.25 N
Fl.5S … A %U2 b < W = 26
054 17.01 E
26 33.00 N
Fl.5S & < "- & %U2 b <\11 = 27
053 59.40 E
26 33.00 N
Fl.5S & < "- & %U2 b < W = 28
053 59.40 E
26 40.30 N
Fl.10S " 6 < = 29
053 38.30 E
26 07.30 N
Fl(2).10S = "\- < = 30
054 27.00 E
26 17.30 N
Fl(3).15S = < = 31
055 30.24 E
26 16.06 N r< :5 < = 32
FL.10S
055 19.55 E
26 14.50 N )A : 5 < = 33
Fl(2).15S
055 08.50 E
26 37.50 N I' < = 34
Fl.5S
055 53.20 E
25 51.45 N
Fl.5S "1 ! U1 %U2 b < W = 35
055 00.15 E
26 49.30 N
Fl.8S C < " X = 36
053 10.38 E
392
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26 47.10 N
Fl(2).10S &2 < = 37
053 25.08 E
25 38.10 N
Fl(2).15S )1 6 = 38
057 45.10 E
27 05.00 N
Fl.3S , & , &5 L = 39
056 43.00 E
25 50.10 N
Fl.10S … \ = 40
057 18.30 E
26 30.00 N
Fl(2).10S ) &1 6 = 41
057 05.24 E
25 17.13 N
Fl.5S " 6& 2 6 = 42
060 36.38 E
25 18.53 N
Fl.5S - 6& 2 6 %U2 b <\1 = 43
060 36.53 E
Fl.5S - 6& 2 6 %U2 b < W = 44
26 25 18 N
Fl(2).6S 2 $ 2 <O ZL " = 45
052 29 54 E
26 52.30 N
Fl(2).12S …C < = 46
056 25.00 E
:62 " D • } 2 ! !> V 2 1 62 ! * > V1 <&- - )# % ) ! 9 6+

.31 %95 "- - ! ! 9 •
.31 %99 " = ! 9 •
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393
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, YZ N ]
e & ; /x /# `
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D 7 30 25.4 N 049 3.21 E FL(3)R.9S 46 ! 1
D 12 30 25.3 N 049 3.18 E FL.R.3S 46 %U&

U& 2
D 12 30 23.8 N 049 00.6 E FL.R.3S 44%U&

U& 3
D 12 30 24.4 N 048 55.8 E FL.R.3S 42 %U&

U& 4
D 12 30 22.6 N 048 54.2 E FL.R.3S 40 %U&

U& 5
D 12 30 18.5 N 048 53.1 E FL.R.3S 38 %U&

U& 6
D 12 30 14.6 N 048 55.5 E FL.R.6S 36 %U&

U& 7
D 12 30 11.30 N 048 57.3 E FL(2)R.6S 34 %U&

U& 8
D 12 30 06.1 N 048 58.7 E FL(3)R.9S 32 %U&

U& 9
D 12 30 03.17 N 049 00.5 E FL(3)R.9S 30 %U&

U 10
D 12 30 01.9 N 049 1.2 E FL.R.3S 28 %U&

U& 11
D 12 30 009 N 049 1.9 E FL(2)R.6S 26 %U&

U& 12
D 12 30 00.0 N 049 2.6 E FL.R.3S 24 %U&

U& 13
D 12 29 59.25 N 049 3.3 E FL(2)R.12S 22 %U&

U& 14
D 12 29 58.25 N 049 4.5 E FL(2)R.6S 20 %U&

U& 15
D 12 29 57.12 N 049 5.5 E FL.R.5S 18 %U&

U& 16
D 7 29 56.59 N 049 6.6 E FL(3)R.9S 16 ! 17
D 7 29 54.6 N 049 6.6 E FL.R.5S 14 ! 18
397
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:
, YZ N ]
e & ;/x /# `
" &= N ‰ " &= N >
D 12 29 54.
54.8 N 049 6.95 E FL(3)W.10S ! 19
D 12 29 53.4 N 049 12.6 E FL(2)R.6S 12 ! 20
D 7 29 50.6 N 049 16.00 E FL.R.5S 10 ! 21
D 12 29 50.3 N 049 15.12 E FL(3)W.10S APG AMEICA! 22
D 7 29 49.8 N 049 15.3 E FL(9)W.12S 1! 23
D 7 29 49.8 N 049 17.6 E FL(3)R.9S 8! 24
D 7 29 47.0 N 049 19. 4 E FL.R.5S BRAVO

AVO-6! 25
D 7 29 45.6 N 049 22.0 E FL(2)R.6S 6! 26
D 7 29 43.0 N 049 25.2 E FL(3)R.9S 4! 27
D 21 29 40.2 N 049 29.4 E FL.R.6S 2 #2 "- - T W 28
D 21 29 37.2 N 049 34.6 E FL.W.12S 1 #2 "- - T W 29
D 7 29 56.29
6.29 N 049 28.16 E FL.G.5S Q4! 30
D 7 29 05.45
5.45 N 049 29.43 E FL.W.5S O6 ! 31
D 7 29 54.27
4.27 N 049 36.91 E FL(2)W.6S =$! 32
D 12 29 54.7 N 049 20.6 E FL(2)W.6S * 2 ! 33
D 7 29 55 N 049 9.7 E FL.G.3S 9! 34
D 7 29 53.6 N 049 13.2 E FL.G.3S 7! 35
D 7 29 51.4 N 049 16.6 E FL.G.5S 5! 36
D 12 29 51.0 N 046 19.0 E FL(2)W.6S < $! 37
D 7 29 50.3 N 049 18.2 E FL.G.5S 3! 38
D 7 29 49.00
9.00 N 049 19.6 E FL(2)W.9S '& -9 ! 39
D 7 29 48.2 N 049 20.4 E FL.G.5S A !

A-1 40
D 7 29 46.4 N 049 22.6 E FL.G.3S 1! 41
398
# !"
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" &= N ‰ " &= N >
D 7 29 57.94
.94 N 049 8.80 E FL(2)W.6S SKIP MONTH!
MO 42
D 7 29 56.7
6.7 N 049 6.76 E FL.G.5S A--9 ! 43
D 12 29 56.5
6.5 N 049 5.4 E FL(2)W.6S LISHEN PRIDE ! 44
D 7 29 57.23
.23 N 049 5.62 E FL(3).G.10S 11 %U& 45
D 7 29 56.35
.35 N 049 5.4 E FL(2)W.6S l "'' " ! 46
D 7 29 58.3
8.3 N 049 6.4 E FL(2).G.6S 133 %U& 47
D 12 29 59.35
.35 N 049 3.6 E FL.G.3S 155 %U& 48
D 7 30 00.1
0.1 N 049 2.7 E FL.G.3S 177 %U& 49
D 7 30 01.0
1.0 N 049 2.00 E FL(2).G.6S 199 %U& 50
D 12 30 01.95
.95 N 049 1.4 E FL.G3S 21 %U& 51
D 7 30 03.2
3.2 N 049 00.7 E FL(3).G.12S 233 %U& 52
D 12 30 9.2
.2 N 048 59.0 E FL.G.5S A- 23 %U& 53
D 12 30 12.00
.00 N 048 57.85 E FL.G.3S 255 %U& 54
D 7 30 15.00
.00 N 048 56.7 E FL.G.5S 2 !
25 55
D 7 30 18.6
8.6 N 048 54 E FL.G.3S 277 %U& 56
D 7 30 20.7
0.7 N 048 53.6 E FL(3).G.9S 299 %U& 57
D 12 30 23.8
3.8 N 048 55.8 E FL.G.3S 31 %U& 58
D 12 30 23.9
3.9 N 048 57.8 E FL(2).G.6S 333 %U& 59
D 12 30 24.
4. 5 N 049 3.3 E FL.G.5S 355 %U& 60
D 7 30 23.86
.86 N 049 5.01 E FL(4).Y.5S A--35! 61
D 7 30 24.25
.25 N 049 5.39 E FL(2).Y.10S A--37! 62
D 12 30 24.8
4.8 N 049 4.5 E FL.G.9S 377 %U& 63
399
# !"
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e & ; /x / # `
" &= N ‰ " &= N >
D 7 29 56.25
6.25 N 049 6.27 E FL(2).Y.5.S D2!
D 64
D 7 29 56.9
6.9 N 049 5. 17 E FL(4).Y.10.S D4!
D 65
D 7 29 57.9
7.9 N 049 4.00 E FL(6).Y.10.S D6!
D 66
D 7 29 59 N 049 2.77 E FL(2).Y.5S D8!

D 67
D 7 30 00.24
0.24 N 049 1.54 E FL(4).Y.10.S D
D10! 68
D 7 30 1.8 N 049 0.7 E FL(6).Y.10.S D

D12! 69
D 7 30 3.2 N 049 00.00 E Q.FL.Y D

D14! 70
D 7 29 59.2
9.2 N 049 03 E FL(2).G.5S C1!
C 71
D 7 30 00.35
0.35 N 049 1.78 E FL(4).G.10S C3!
C 72
0&1 &#;5 6 '- F !& ( ) " &#L I 6 - 1 L 1 - D ƒ5 1

W % V1 .62 " "+ KL 62 6_; \ W V1 6 % 2 345 ,9 - )#
* .6 #- I 6W 6 '-- ! & .s * & # I O- 6 I O- Q" ` !> U- #&
6 #- ! VTS < ! L &0 - )# i A "2 L ( <Q :2 6 8` I 6 2 345 ,9 64
-i A "2 L " = S_- ( <Q FT > % .6 #-" " ( <Q " # ! "$ # E "2
" L <&- VTS < %&$ •0
. H " * + S_- d= I C * 6W 62 I \ W U- #& ! - )#
.6 #- d85 69 ! S_- F = f > "2 L I R 3 1 6 / 6E 6 U- #& F H$ l = W T\>
6 ,9 64 \ W U- #& .62 " 3 1 24 S_- d= O *6 / 6EE 6 64 b L
.6 #- 6 !& \U !1 ! 31 ` %& @# " &#L I
.31 #- R&1a5 - )# * <& O5 6 '- &#;5 " Q F \ W U- #& <&- ( ) " &#L I 6
C 1 !48+ i A 6- !'- ] 2 31 6- W ! 6 6 3 C "1 i A Q \-- ! = Q * + "- 6& 6
"$ .6 #- I ) & 1 T > Li A %2 ( L 3&;G 6- W ! <&- " i A F ! .6 2 "
.62 "#- :1 Y _- ) & 1 " % -9 ! 31 % i A % DU
400
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401
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
CDE <V I ; & N a : NQ ; -3-2
,9 ;= &X ;= - )# D 6;5 9 2 1 - D 6 9 316 * > T\>

:62 " D • } 2 ! 1% 2 345
;= &X ! 6- = ) 5 ;= ! 6- = 58 •
;= %U& ' 1 21 •
;= &X ( = ) " V -= '1 4 ;= ( = )" V - = ' 1 11 •
.31 ;= ! 62 " "- - T W ) 5 2 2 345 ,9 •
.62 " ;= &X ! %U ' 1 !1 !_Z % •
6+ F" < F"$ #2 E !1 ! 2 1 - D 2 345 ,9 6 &0_5 ! ! 5
:62 " DU22 ! [ - !_Z " &= N 3&;G V 1 E !11 % - )# < #5
ZL ! 6- = 3 F ! 6- = 3 D# ! 62 " _0 - )# 3 19 " > ! "$ #2 E •
.6 2 " " E 1 = %U& 6- = 7 F%# ,9 ! 6- = 4 F <O
! 6- = 28 F <O ZL ! 6- = 4 F ! 6- = 2 D# ! W - )# 3 39 < E •
.62 " %U& 6- = 5 $
! 6- = 2 F ! 6- = ) D## ! 62 " _ 0 - )# 3 6- = 34 " >! " E •
"- - T W ' 1 ) " E 1 = 9 F%U&
U& 9 FJ L ! 4 6;5 F%# ,9 ! 6- = 4 F $ ! 6- = 4 F <O ZL
.62 "
2 345 ,9 - )# D d# F 1 % E !1 - )# d# F%
:62 " D • D# ! 31 3 94 2 1
! 6- = 6 •
<O ZL ! 6- = 9 •
$ ! 6- = 32 •
%## ,9 ! 6- = 8 •
JK ! 6- = 4 •
%U& 6- = 21 •
402
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
" E 1 = 11 •
"- - T W ' 1 ) •
* > !& ! 31 • ! I C .31 62 !#&#G "$ 6 :$ W 9 [ - )&U85 ! ) *K !
.31 62 &? 5 9 Q 6 % - )# 1 2 1 " 45 … 6 V 1 6 % b6
2 1 - D 2 345 ,9 64 - )# 30&$ -4-4 6

y ;
, YZ N ] e <JV wZ & ;/ x / # `
N DE
28 55.333 N
2FL.6s 6 -l N " <= <O ZL ! 1
050 41.111 E
28 43.801 N
2FL.6s 1 09 l N " <= <O ZL ! 2
050 58.374 E
28 49.128 N
9FL.15s D= l N " <= " X ! 3
050 44.497 E
28 57.20 N
9FL.15s I &+ l N " <= " X ! 4
050 44.10 E
28 57.31 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 1 #2 <\1
\1 5C ! 5
050 44.29 E
28 57.46 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 2 #2 < W 5C ! 6
050 44.15 E
28 58.33 N
FL.5s 2 - <= 3 #2 <\1
\1 5C ! 7
050 45.12 E
28 58.32 N 2 - <= 4 #2 < W 5C ! 8
2FL.6s
050 45.06 E
28 59.032 N 2 - <= 5 #2 <\1
\1 5C ! 9
2FL.6s
050 45.970 E
29 01.414 N 2 - <= 6 #2 < W 5C ! 10
2FL.6s
050 48.116 E
28 59.818 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 7 #2 <\1
\1 5C ! 11
050 46.800 E
28 59.952 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 8 #2 < W 5C ! 12
050 46.686 E
29 00.550 N
FL.5s 2 - <= 9 #2 <\1
\1 5C ! 13
050 47.594 E
29 00.627 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 10 #2 < W 5C ! 14
050 47.420 E
29 00.17 N
FL.5s 2 - <= 11 #2 <\1
< 5C ! 15
050 48.12 E
403
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
y ;
, YZ N ] e <JV wZ & ;/ x / # `
N DE
29 01.262 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 12 #2 < W 5C ! 16
050 48. 052 E
29 01.270 N
FL.10s 2 - <= 11 A #2 <\1
< 5C ! 17
050 48.352 E
29 01.256 N
FL.5s 2 - <= 11 B #2 <<\1 5C ! 18
050 48.559 E
289 01.158 N 2 - <= 13 #2 <\11 5C ! 19
2FL.6s
050 48.723 E
29 01. 597 N 2 - <= 14 #2 < W 5C ! 20
2FL.6s
050 48.418 E
29 00.731 N 2 - <= 15 #2 <\11 5C ! 21
2FL.6s
050 49.140 E
29 01.237 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 16 #2 < W 5C ! 22
050 48.829 E
29 00.282 N
FL.5s 2 - <= 17 #2 <\11 5C ! 23
050 49.536 E
29 00.797 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 18 #2 < W 5C ! 24
050 49.36 E
28 58.966 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 19 #2 <\11 5C ! 25
050 50.833E
29 00. 345 N
FL.5s 2 - <= 20 #2 < W 5C ! 26
050 49.633 E
28 59. 943 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 22 #2 < W 5C ! 27
050 49.985 E
28 59.51 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 26 #2 < W 5C ! 28
050 50.36 E
28 59.421 N
FL.5s 2 - <= 28 #2 < W 5C ! 29
050 50.564 E
28 59.342 N
2FL.6s <= A28 < W 5C ! ! 30
050 50.629 E
28 59.263 N
4FL.15s <= B28 < W 5C ! ! 31
050 50.622 E
28 58.489 N
2FL.6s 2 - <= 30 #2 < W 5C ! 32
050 51.605 E
29 59.267 N U $ L <= <O ZL ! 33
2FL.6s
050 52.706 E
29 01.954 N l N "- ! <= <O ZL ! 34
2FL.6s
050 41.581 E
404
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
y ;
, YZ N ] e <JV wZ & ; /x /# `
N DE
030 03.260 N <= %# ,9 ! 35
FL.10s
050 05.33 E
29 56.00 N 6- %& &$ V <= " X ! 36
050 05.00 E
29 32.39 N Q <= %# ,9 ! 37
FL.10s
050 28.41 E
29 26.25 N
FL.10s ‚ <= %# ,9 ! 38
050 37.51 E
29 14.46 N
2FL.6s &- g- l N " <= <O ZL ! 39
050 31.11 E
29 10.215 N
2FL.6s 3 & l N …6 <= <O ZL ! 40
050 30.213 E
29 15.04 N
3FL.10s r L <= "W 2 ! 41
050 20.58 E
29 15.01 N
FL.5s r L"L Q '$ <= %# ,9 ! 42
050 20.59 E
29 11.449 N
6FL.+L.FL15s r L <= " ! 43
050 20.524 E
29 11.360 N
2FL.6s ‚- ‚- 1 l N " <= <O ZL ! 44
050 34.00 E
27 46.05 N
4FL.15s f Z !_Z <= A JK ! 45
051 28.05 E
27 43.00 N
4FL.15s f Z !_Z <= BJ K ! 46
051 33.00 E
27 41.00 N
4FL.15s f Z !_Z <= CJ K ! 47
051 39.00 E
27 39.00 N
4FL.15s f Z !_Z <= DJ K ! 48
051 45.50 E
27 38.135 N <= <O ZL ! 49
2FL.6s
051 30.688 E
27 49.04 N <= %# ,9 ! 50
FL.10s
051 56.35 E
27 49.800 N ' <= %# ,9 ! 51
FL.10s
052 02.658 E
27 32.126 N ! 0 <= %# ,9 ! 52
FL.10s
052 28.03 E
27 31.51 N "#&2 %U2 b 31 3#1
2FL.6s <= <\1 5C
C! ! 53
052 32.56 E ! 0
405
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
y ;
, YZ N ] e <JV wZ & ;/x /# `
N DE
27 31.954 N "#&2 %U2 b €A 3#1
FL.5s <= < W 5C ! ! 54
052 32.599 E ! 0
27 30.47 N "5 6L %U2 b 31 3#1
2FL.6s <= <\1 5C ! ! 55
052 33.36 E ! 0
26 46.766 N ‚ D\& <= <O ZL ! 56
2FL.6s
050 32.772E
27 30.46 N "5 6L %U2 b €A 3#1
2FL.8s <= < W 5C ! ! 57
052 33.22 E ! 0
27 32. 54 N ! 0 <= " X ! 58
9FL.15s
052 31.45 E
27 30. 12 N
FL.10s ! 0 LA <= %# ,9 ! 59
050 32.20 E
30 03. 34 N
2FL.8s 6 %U2 b 31 3#1 <\1
\1 %U& 60
050 08.18 E
30 03. 40 N
2FL.6s 6 %U2 b €A 3#1 < W %U& 61
050 08.19 E
29 50.37 N
2FL.6s * 2 l N " %U& 62
050 08.21 E
29 33.25 N
FL.5s Q 6 %U2 b 31 3#1 <\1
\1 %U& 63
050 30.00 E
29 33.30N
2FL.6s Q 6 %U2 b €A 3#1 < W %U& 64
050 29.55 E
29 15.50 N
2FL.6s r L "5 65 ! U1 31 3#1 <\1
\1 %U& 65
050 32.18 E
29 15.55 N
FL.5s r L "5 65 ! U1 31 3#1 < W %U& 66
050 18.25 E
29 01.45 N
FL.2s 2 - A 3 <- 5 6&81 %U& 67
050 48.41 E
29 02.144N
FL.4s 2 - B 3 <-- 5 6&81 %U& 68
050 49.11 E
28 59.54 N
3FL.10s 2 - 24 #2 < W %U& 69
050 50.08 E
28 58.15 N 2 - 36 #2 < W %U& 70
2FL.6s
050 51.49 E
406
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
y ;
, YZ N ] e <JV wZ & ;/ x / # `
N DE
28 32.12 N
2FL.6s & $ %U2 b €A 3#1 < W %U& 71
050 05.06 E
27 49.49 N
2FL.6s ' %U2 b 31 3#1 <\11 %U& 72
052 03.18 E
27 49.50 N ' %U2 b €A 3#1 < W %U& 73
2FL.6s
050 03.22 E
27 39.40 N > %U2 b 31 3#1 <= <\11 %U& 74
FL.5s
052 20.57 E
27 39.38 N > %U2 b €A 3#1 <= < W %U& 75
2FL.6s
052 20.53 E
27 32.21 N "#&2 %U2 b 31 3#1
FL.5s <= <\11 %U& 76
050 32.43 E ! 0
27 32.02 N "#&2 %U2 b €A 3#1
2FL.6s <= < W %U& 77
052 32.34 E ! 0
27 31.21 N "5 65 %U2 b 31 3#1
FL.5s <\11 %U& 78
052 33.28 E ! 0
27 31.13 N "5 65 %U2 b €A 3#1
2FL.8s < W %U& 79
052 33.16 E ! 0
29 00.271 N
2FL.6s - 9l N ! %U& 80
050 46.955 E
27 36.03 N T W
FL.12s f Z#$ V‹ < W 81
051 27.02 E "- -
; ; ( NW UF < : N a -1-3-2
62 " _0 ! 6- = 59 6;5 2 1 - D 2 345 ,9 _0 ! %&

.6 2 " 6- = 18 "U L ! .62 " ( L U 3W 1 3 ! ! 6- = ) 5 ;= 9 6- = 58!
.6 2 " 8 1 D W &X <&- ! 6- = 4 62 9 d# V 2 - ! 6- = 2 %& @#
% <' <& 9 ‚- 9 9 6- = 13 6;5 ! 6- W" i A !> 4 "U L _ 0 ! 6- = 18 •
. 6 L 6- ,9 ! 9 "1 1 * &#;5 I O- R <&- 9 6- = 5 6;5 6 2 " _0 ! 62
.31 62 ! - 1! 62 9 d# V 2 - ! 6- = *K •
407
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
6- 1 6E & "Q 1 = 3 ! 9 "U ! 31 6 !> 4 8 1 D W &XX ! 6- = 4 •

f> ] - S_- 6 - f > D&$ ! <&- 8+ 3L 1 6 6 ! 6- = 8 1 D W &X 1 30 C #
3 ! 62 3 ! _1 R ! ' "- 8+ ! 6- = ) .6 2 "#- 8 1 D W F 6- 1 3 2
. 2" 6 '- !> 4 <&- F31 62 8 1 D W &X " - ;5 3#0W 62
; ; ( NW UF , : N a -2-3-2
6 = F% \ < = F L L = F" E 1 C = F = 65 \ 2 1 ,9 = " 1 30&$

% PE \ ! . & - 6 = I_ 6 = F~ &2 6 = F!# C =F L < = F"1 = < = F6 \ - !$ =F >
. Q" ! :1 &2 ! =% ) &- * 4&G 5 " * K
" & 200 i A 9 _0 i A[ - 24 9 [ 85 31 2l = % ! HN5 d\ . , •
6 & 75 ! + = ! $ 1 2d 5 1 DE 1 !&2 E = % .62 " " D 10 "- -
.31
3 62 dW 2
% "- - ! 31 62 _ 0 9 " & 200 i A ) 31 12 = % [ 85 . :I e , •
$ 1 2d 5 C 6 DE 1 !&2
&2 E = % .31 C 1 = % ! HN5 d\ .62 " " D 12 i A
.31
3 62 dW !f !g5 2 6 & 101 ! + = !
W 9 " D 8 "- - " & 200 "X A 31 12 [ 85 =% . Q Q , •
! L 1 2d 5 L L" ?- &- '1 = % .31 C 1 = % ! HN5 d\ .

.31 62 dW 2 6 & 147 ! + =
! 31 62 _ 0 9 " & 200 i A ) 62 " 20 [ 85 > +Z & AZ , •
= % .>
d 5 ( # 5) % \ < DE 1 !&2 E = % .31 C 1 = % ! HN5 d\ .62 " " D 10 9 "- -
!_&W 30 *6 ! 5 T W L L 30 " =% ! 6&1 3 .31 62 dW L 1 2
. #- -
- " & 200 i A ) 31 15 [ 85 = % .31 C 1 = % ! HN5 d\ . * @ , •
62 dW 2 6 & 266 ! + = ! > 6 DE 1 !&2 E =% . W 9 " D 10
.31
408
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
10 "- - " & 200 i A ) .62 " 12 9 [ 85 31 C 1 = % ! HN5 d\ .@ + <0 , •

.31 62 dW 2 6 & 342 ! + = ! 6 \ - ˆ& L !&2 E =% . W =% " D
.62 " ! 0 6 … \ A = % ! "1 1 %
! 62 _ 0 9 " & 200 i A ) 62 " 24 [ 85 =% . , & AZ , •
9 ! "1 1 5 31 _ 0 V = ˆ& L "1 = < DE 1 = % .62 " " D 12 9 "- -
.62 " " ! &1 ! 2 6E T >
"- - " & 200 i A ) W 20 [ 85 = % .31 C 1 9 ! HN5 d\ . M Q & AZ , •
_0 … L < "U <- V =ˆ

ˆ& L Q L < DE 1 =% . W 9 " D 10
.31 2 6E T > 9! 1 5 62 "
GE E .31 ;= &X 5 1377 1 "Q L "Q 1 = 3 ! = % .@ + & ( , •
&1 DE 1 = 3 2 ! 9 D 45 S
SW - d= R ) <- 6 9 FD4 9 12 6 6 = ) v 6E
!$ = 6 - # <&- 9 ! 6&1 != Q W6\ - - " X !&2 E = % .62 6 L 6-
.62 " & 348 2 6 = % ! + = .62 " H U ! 0 6 … \ A 6\ -
409
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
2 1 1 2 345 ,9 64 ;= " = 3&;G 30&$

3 - 5- 4 6
, YZ N ] e ,#- u "# ,3 `
28 25 07 N D 10
Fl.5SS 24 " & 200 = 1
51 08 06 E "
28 15 16 N D 12
2Fl.6S
6S 12 " & 200 "E1 C = 2
51 16 02 E "
27 59 49 N
Fl.5SS 12 " D 8 " & 200 L L = 3
51 22 49 E
27 51 42 N D 10
2Fl.10S
0S 20 " & 200 % \ < = 4
51 26 42 E "
27 39 04 N D 10
Fl.10S
0S 15 " & 200 > 6 = 5
52 21 28 E "
27 24 09 N 12 D 10 " & 200
2Fl.8S
8S 6 \ - !$ = 6
52 38 21 E "
27 59 05 N D 12
Fl.12S
2S 24 " & 200 " =
"1 < = 7
50 10 02 E "
29 20 18 N D 10
3Fl.10S
0S 20 " & 200 Q L < = 8
50 21 18 E "
29 08 39 N ROTATING.
Fl.6SS 20 D 18 M $V = 9
50 39 22 E BEACON
FL.5S
5S 15 D 18 6\ - = 10
52 36 25 E BEACON
2FL.6S
6S 30 D 18 2 2 = 11
52 29 54 E BEACON
! 9" *K ! . <&- ;= &X = 5 6;5 2 1 2 345 ,9 64

4 F H$ l = =
.62 " * +
i A 6W = = % 5 1383 1 FFi A * <& O5 3W 1 D&$ ! 31 30 [ 85 =% . @ , •
.31 62 dW 2 6 & 195 ! + = ! 6 DE 1 !&2 E = % .62 " "5 & # &X
410
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
i A 6W = 1388 1 6 Fi A * <& O5 U 3W 1 D&$ ! 31 12 [ 85 =% . ! @ , •

! ! 5 .31 62 dW 2 6 & 228 ! + = ! ' 6 DE 1 !&2 E = % .62 " "5 & # &X
60 U "W _E "_&_E = %& 64 =% 62 dW " V Q % & * 0&1a5 ( 0Q
.62 "#- ? - 6 9 9 "> \5 62
6W = = % 5 1387 1 Fi A * <& O5 U 3W 1 D&$ ! 31 12 [ 85 =% . + @ , •
! I 9 &19 ! U1 l 2 , 3#1 ' 6 d 5 )\#5 6 DE 1 !&2 E = % .622 " "5 & # &X i A
V Q % & * 0&1a5 64 %= Q W ! ! 5 <&- = % .31 62 dW 2 6 & 244 ! + =
V 3 1 I 9 &19 3 2 64 30 " 9 ! "1 1 3 D_ 0 "> \5 6W = "
. #- \ "
_ 1 I6 6\ -" =% &Q W 3&;W D&$ ! .31 30 [ 85 = % .@ + Z , •
" 2 +K 2 " #QQ U =% i A #- %2 * + F6 \ - = i A
!&2 E <&- = % .6 Q 6 \ - = 6- ! Y =% " 2 0&1 _ 1 H$ . \- ? -
& 353 2 6 9 ! + = .62 " _ 0 6 \ - " DE 1 3#1 ! 6 \ - = &0
0 ! V = ˆ& L
.31 ! = Q W 61 g1 Q W R = 64 = % F6 9 D# ! = % ‹ &L ! 6 .62 "
411
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
2 1 1 2 345 ,9 64 ;= &X " = 3&;G 30&$

3 - 6- 4 6
)Wa , YZ N ] ,#- ,3 `
.62 " ;= &X Fi A * <& O5 3W
3 1 D&$ ! 27 50 02 N 30 6 = 1
51 55 04 E
.62 " ;= &X Fi A * <& O5 3
3W 1 D&$ ! 27 48 22 N 12 ' 6 = 2
52 04 52 E
.62 " ;= &X Fi A * <& O5 3
3W 1 D&$ ! 27 43 02 N 12 )\#5
#5 6 = 3
52 10 04 E
6\ - = 6- !Y 9 6-
30 6\ -" = 4
.31
- )# 0&1 &#;5 F 6 '- F \ !& 2 1 - D ƒ5 1

- )# F W% V1 .62 " "+ KL - 1 %&& 62 6_; \ WV1
: H" * + ( !
6 •
.6 " ( <Q - )# i A S_- ( L L 5 %&E \ 2 ! "5 > •
:&5 5 % ! - )# ) ! 9 6+ F H$ l = ( 6 9 316 * > V1

6 % "- - T W 5 .6 2 " ! 9 %70 = ! 9 6+ 100 %U& F ! 9 % 99/9 ! ! 62 "
9 6+ 9 .62 " 8+ 9 ! 9 6+ ;= &X " > ! " = S_- D&$ ! <<&- %U 31 ! 9 %100
.6- 62 !0 _ ' 6U 6 1388 1387 F1386 1 2 - )# !
2 - )# ! 9 6+ -7-4 6
@ 3 86 ' 87 ' 88 '
2 6 75/9 91/9 93/9
F #- D+ E &#> 62 !\1 4 ! 9 6+ 34+ 5" .s ( ) %2 5! % ! ! 5

* + "# 0&1 %& A O 3 " 6W 5 "$ 2" V 0E <&- 2 1 0&1 8 1 ! &-
412
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
6 I O- F 6 % 2 345 ,9 ! V 0E <&L !. E T>

T ! ! 5 .31 ! = '-
6 2 - 64 \U 15 F"+ KL 62 &? 5 \ W V1 . &Q" * + &La5 BC #;
F% .62 c !. E ! 6- 2 " I O- "- 5 <&- 6 % "$ .6- &Q W "1 - )#
.62 "#- F62 !_Z &- ' ! " 0&1 B # F 1 % - )# %&$ •0 * `!! 5
"2 5 <L 62 W" !2 ) !-C 1 ! !& "+ KL 62 &? 5 \ WV1
Q D4 6 '- &#;5 * & # ' "$ Q" <& 9 ‚- 3 1 D4 9 !-6 ) 6 6- 2"
. H " I O- 2 6 - )#
.6 2 " <O * <& O5 ' " i A \- 9 ! <&- "5 <& O5 \- - )# Q D4
:6- &Q" W 81 ! :K- i A[ - 2 1 GE E
0 '- K4 " D 7 "- - LBEA 85 6 % V = •
&$ 1 K4 " • D 9 5 5 "- - SL 125 6 3 C "1 •
413
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
2 1 2 345
45 ,9 "$ #2 E - )# "Q6 " #- – 4-4 DU2
414
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
2 1 2 345
45 ,9 < E - )# "Q6 " #- – 5-4 DU2
415
2 1 2 345 ,9 " E - )# "Q6 " #- – 6-4 DU2
416
2 1 2 345 ,9 " E - )# "Q6 " #- – 7-4 DU2
417
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
CDE <V I 2 Q @ N a : NQ ; -4-2
i A ! 17 5 6- - F L 6 - )# "# %&$ •0 1 6 9 316 * > T\>

6W = 31 l "' 0# ! 6- - ' 3#1 6- W ! ) <- - 3#1 ) ‚- <\1
L 6 2 345 ,9 - )# *K 30&$ – 8-4 6

u " ) %\2 , YZ [ E , YZ ' * J W < 3 `
!&- . 9 ( = 6&81 - 29 50.426

26 N 48 50.380 E V = ˆ& L ! 0# & 5 #2 !W N " ! 1
10 ( = ) 6&81 - 2
29 49.557
57 N 48 48.146 E ( '8 ) 6- !- " 2 %# 9!
!&- .
6E (" L ) 6- !- 6 3
!&- . 5 ( = ) < W - 29 49.000
00 N 48 47.205 E 2 #2 !
\&U2 !W N
!&- . 7 ( = ) <\1 - 29 50.122
22 N 48 46.551 E (" L ) 6- !- 6 1 #2 ! 4
!&- . 4 ( = ) <\1 - 29 51.000

00 N 48 44.494 E 6- " L 3 #2 ! 5
<\1 29 51.666
66 N 48 43.050 E 5 3 ! %& 66 ! 6
!&- . 5 ( = ) <\1 - 29 52.026

26 N 48 42.494 E 6- " L 5 #2 ! 7
!&- . 4/5 ( = <\1 - 29 53.090

90 N 48 40.635 E 6- " L 7 #2 ! 8
!&- . 5 ( = ) <\1 - 29 54.554

54 N 48 38.972 E 6- " L 9 #2 ! 9
!&- . 5 ( = ) <\1 - 29 55.459

59 N 48 37.733 E (% Q !W N 6E ) 11 #2 ! 10
3 29 56.752
52 N 48 35.119 E ! 0 !W N 6E -3/; D 13 #2 ! 11
!W N ! ) 3/; D " X , 12
!&- . 3 ( = ) <\1 - 29 56.918
18 N 48 34.326 E 15 #2 !
(‘ 2
!W N ! ) 3/; D " X #2 13
3 29 57.000
00 N 48 33.953 E 17 #2 !
(... K-
!&- . 5 ( = ) < W - 29 57.938
38 N 48 30.352 E " d#2 D ! 0# DE 1 3#1 4 #2 ! 14
!&- . 5 ( = <\1 - 29 19.519

19 N 48 17.100 E !W N 6E * &2 ! U1 - 9 19 #2 ! 15
!&- . 4/5 ( = <\1 - 29 24.855

55 N 48 10.360 E V1 $ I - - 21 #2 ! 16
6 &- L 6W !> 4 17
!&- . 5 ( = ) <\1 - 29 25.731
31 N 48 9.568 E 23 #2 !
(!W N " "$ E)
418
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
F \ F:K- ! & l U# D ;5 I O- 6- - "+ * U "U .62 " - )#

! - % - )# 30&$ F L 6 6 9 316 * > V1 .62 " - )# 6 '-
.62 " l = 6 :$ W 9 * &+ KL #
% T\> .31 62 6_; W "+ KL <&- L 6 - )# &#;5 6 '- F \ !&
%&'- & F 6 9 316 9V1 "$ .6- Q %2 62 S_- d= U- #& M1 5 6 3 1 48 # *6 f ` ! W
62 " 5 E 6- - B \5 * ! 31 9 % D&$ .62 " 3 1 20 5 6 % ! i A "2 L
.62 " K * +! 6 % - )# :&5 5 % 6 .6 #-" " ( <Q ! i A "2 L
" ( <Q S& 5 "Q $9 5 6 #-" 5 L - 3 - <&- " "QQ $9 ! _ "KK 5 3 Q
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6 !_Z ! 62 ! O 2 ) FF6 2 " "U&= 5 &0 b L E ! " 2 &X ! •
' 62 "#- 6 6 ML dZW 6
"-9 * ZL &Q ZG dW (1
6 6 !&E - DL &'& (2
.6 #- 3 E ƒ Y & E TSS " L ! ) <- "E - 6 2 •
.6 #- 3 E 9 %# !&2 E „8E %U# 5 6 F6 "#- 8 1 TSS ) ! 2 •
. Q )&== 5 &0 DL ' 2 & d- 6 \- &'& E 2) •
. Q )&= 5 &0 DL r< 2 ) %# 3 E d- 6 \- > 20 # 2 •
439
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
f; -W % 3&;\5 F 2 " TSSS ) %# -" *&# " W F 64 - 3& W 2) •

.62 "
TSS DL " ) " #0W % 2 " R 1 *&# ) "W 64 - 3& W 2) •
.62 " f ; -W% 3 a % 5 F 2"
Z TSS ) r %Q
Q J +V ) 0 V -4
! 9 2 - " # ! 31
3 % (TSS) " Q< ) O "E > " + f6 ! % ! ! 5
O " TSS 5 <&- JL" T> &0 F Q %U# 4- % ! ZL ) "9 &0
" &0 )&= 5 6 6 }> ) O 1973 1 F!- #- ! .6-- ! = Q W
!&E - ) TSS % .6 Q } + TSS
T % 1983 1 Rg1 .62 ! = H IMO 1 M1 5 Boston,Massachusetts
% .6- W 6 6 !&E - 3#1 ) ) ! 62 " $ * "U&= 5 &0 " D ) ! 6 6
<&- " 1 6 6 !&E - ) 6- " D 1.5 " 9 % C ! 62 " " X -"W 2 &0 ) TSS
TSS % .6 2 " " 2 "U&= 5 % C TSS % " -"$ #2 &0 .31 ! = Q W 9 %&
6 - 5" Boston 6 b L %
%&E 2 .31 62 O "E > Boston 6 3#1
#1 ! 2 %# 3 E D& 05
United States 13009 #2 R- = " ! _- TSS % " &= N 3&;W .6 #- 8 1 )&= 5 6 6 } > %
62 S F62 " Boston, Massachusetts
husetts " &0 ! Y 62 !& 5 WGS84 \ xZ1 V 1 ! 2007
.[4] 31
b L 9 6 ! !- ! " 2[ - 5 %&' 1 )&= 5 OE D&$ ! <&- 9 f > ,9 Dover ˆ& L
" 2 6;5 ! 6 " - !_Z % "U&= 5 <&$ -9 .31 62 " )&=
) 5 6 6 } > ) F6- Q"
! " 2 * > O D&0-
&0- %&# 6 "#- 3&;\5 &0- %&- W F66 #-" 8 1 TSS % !
%&- W V 1 !_Z % ! " 2 1 %& @# 6 #-" \ TSS % "U&= 5 &0 5 ) 3#0W
R- = " &$ & 9 " ! _- 9! Y *E + TSS % " &= N 3&;W .62 " F6 #-" 5 &0-
.[5] 31 62 S F62 " WGS84 \ xZ1 ! 2449 #2
440
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
B \ _5 ! 9) !' 5 % .62 " ' 1 !' 5 ! Y TSS F" #$ %& xZ1 3&# < E TSS ' !- #-
&'& 2 %& @# 5 b T W Fr < O5 2!# 2 [ - M1 5 ! 31 5 )
b 3` 8E J KL ! &0 % 5 E 2 - " # „8E FD&$ %&#
% ! . &Q" W 81
.[6] Q" 3&;\5 )&= 5 6 6 } > &Q ! M\5 " #$ %& %&- W F 5 T W
[5] 9 f > ,9 Dover !' 5 )&= 5 6 6 } > – 16-4 DU2

U2
, &@ @Z y * B 6 -5
%&&;5 0&1 ! TSS ) O " f6 5" F 2 &0 %&&;5 0&1 62 } Z ;5 ! 1

: #-- 6 ! 1 :$ W … - ZL !' 5 ! 9 &0 81 &0
\ ' 6U D _ ! " 2 %& * = K5 ! >! $ * "U&= 5 &0 16 )&U85 •
. 2 &Q F6 #-"
441
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
62 " E "5 \ ! 6 " 3 E d> _ * + ! ! " 2 %& * = K5 ZL •

.6 0 &'& E ! " 2
'# "E - )&= 5 '$ 1 1 •
DQ ! ZL F62 "#- &#> D W 9 ,9 l # ! "_> 2! JL " # 9 = •
.6 " 2
L! - "$ d O KK
K 5 31 I C F)&= 5 6 6 } > ) O l = f6 ! " & 1 ? !
.6- &' !& % :1 "2 F6 2 " L 2 345 " "E - " #0W 6 6 TSS ) & "E >
2 " &0 !' 5 TSS O " #$ %& 1 M1 5 62 6& a5 ( % 6 A ! F3#0W % PE \ !
OE F"Z&4 M 2 ! ! 0 &_ 0 >! " !_Z TSS O ! & ( , - ! 31 • ! I C .31 62
.62 " J KL ! !_Z 9 - * ZL \ )&= 5
"E - ! 2" x& 5 ( % F)&= 5 6 6 Y ZL "E - 8 1 )&= 5 16 •
&0 ) D&$ ! ! "5 + "$$ . Q 81 * )&= 5 % C )&U85 ? ! 6 6
)&= 5 6 6 Y ZL F62 \- 6 6 "E - 81 U 2 5 & h== O ? !
. Q" 81
[7] 6 6 Y ZL "E - 8 1 )&= 5 1 6 – 17-4 DU2
442
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
( % F" &= N ‰ ;5 ";&\> d- 81 $ * )&= 5 16 •

6 #-" 64 2 !- 9 3 E ... ‚ 1 ! 5 F < D/ ";&\> d- ! 2" 8 1 "_>
. Q" "U&= 5 &0 ";&\> 6 &0_5 ) O ! O
[7] ";&\> d- 8 1 )&= 5 1 6 – 18-4 DU2
" 6 - 5" 2 TSS 6EE b L FInshore )&= 5 T> O )&= 5 16 •

?- Inshore )&= 5 T> ! 962 !2 W TSS %& "E - % " W 6 #- 3 E
.6- 2" W 81 " 4 )&= 5 f
f6 ! 6- &Q"
[7] Inshore )&=

&= 5 T> O )&= 5 1 6 – 19-4 DU2
443
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
2 UF TSS # @ -6
* U- ! 6 % =9 ZL "E - 1 ! 9 F !' 5 DL TSS 6 - &0 %&&;5 0&1 O " >!

: Q! 5
3&;\5 9 6 2 ) <- !_Z )&= 5 * - '$ ! U 6E 5 6 62 %&&;55 )&= 5 &0 •
.6- 2" S& 5 !&E - )&= 5 KK M1 5 '$ % .6 #-
.62
6 " * 8 "E - ' !&E - &0 %&&;5 0&1 > DU2 •
0& !_Z - )# 81 % & U ! 6- 2 "E > > 6 "U&= 5 &0 •
.6 #-
F6- 2 W! 5 2 &0 %&&;5 0&1 !& O "E > 6 ! H$ l = " #
:6- Q dW ! 5 " ƒ >! TSS "E > 6 " ! 6- <&- "+ L
%# -! " &1 ! Y &- V 1 )&= 5 &0 6 ( 0Q <& TSS ) "E > •
. Q" %&&;5 !_Z
! & * + ! !_Z ,9 l # ! 6- 2 "E > > 6 TSS ) DL )&= 5 &0 •
.6 2 &0 > l# / 6E 6 <&- TSS DL - %# "E -
<&- !_Z 9 2" # 81 <& !_Z )&= 5 OE ! &0- 6 )&= 5 &0 %&&;5 •
. W ?-6 ƒ >!
$ * )&= 5 &0 16 )&U85 ? ! 6 Q 6 T> 6 F62 ! 2 "= h= Q •
. Q 81
DL … - ZL h *; D E 2 \ "= G % C ) 31 I C T> "h;; &- * + •
. Q !&\;5 TSS
81 3&;W %&&;5 ( 3WW V 1 6 )&= 5 6 6 T> )&= 5 %C DW 6E •
IMO ! ;ZW ! - !&+ 5 M1 5 62 % 65 " 6- 1 ! 62 !- Q ! % QS
.6 #- %& a5
% 5 :1 6- 1 ZL !1 # 6 \- T> % F6 6 )&= 5 6 6 T> O h= Q •
.62 3&;W %&&;5 ( % 5 #;
444
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
I TSS DL )&= 5 6 6 Y ZL T> Y \5 2 L 3&;W %&&;5 2 3& W ! & Q •

. H * + ! 81 &0 HQ 3 "5 ?E 6 > ! 6 F62 ! 2 "U2
}> 81 F % ! ... "- Q F O5 2 !- 5 " "$

" #2 3&# ! ! 5
T> "h; #. #/ &0 9 %&
% * K5 &Q 2 5 " ?- ? ! )&= 5 6 6
& "E > }Z + ! H$ l = % = Q ?- 3#0W % PE \ ! FD&$ %&# ! .62 " G
W D& 45 F6 #- TSS O ! &- I !_Z ) - &$ F%&$ •0 6- 2" P ! " F TSS 1
.6- &Q"
} > e& 5 <L F " "$ #2 1 - D * 6 9 316 * > T\>
;5 )&= 5 1 6 } > !1 5 3&U$ 345 " ,9 31 6 - " ( <Q O (TSS) "U&= 5 16
! _- ! W< !' 5 ,9 64 TSS !1 % 3&;W .6- I - U$ V‹ r < : 5 F< TSS ! 31 62
U$ V‹ r < : 5 F< TSS ! Y "E - – 20-4 DU2
445
# !"
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:
.61 " ?- ! G TSS % F!&E - % 5 E 2 6;5 &0

0 "U D&$ ! .6- 62 S
"2 5" F 3&# E 345 ,9 TSS f > "E - "Z&4
Z&4 M 2 % = Q ?-
" &#U5 "5 >! F ? % 6 . 9 316 6 6 TSS O & ? ! " "E - ' D&0- "1 3
V‹ !_Z TSS O 2003 1 - 1 S& 5 . Q" ! U$ V‹ TSS O D C J KL
.62 " C &0 9 )&= 5 OE ! 3
31 3&# E 345 ,9 !_Z U$ V‹ .6&11 : K5 ! # U$
"\ _5 > ! !- &$ 1 62 " # V = ˆ& L "+ " #5 3#1 ! " &0 " + ( Q !Z_- !_Z %
.6 2 " U- 5 9 6+ 50 & ! 6 #-" \ !_Z % " 4 )&= 5 2 12000
c 6&@& "U&= 5 M 2 * W : X 9 ! 62 P !_Z % "1 - &W " ,9 M 2 # ! H$ l =
H$ l = D 0 ! ! 5 . #- )&U85 9" "$ #2 64 )&= 5 5" !_Z % TSS ;5 F% .6
" M&4 - "# \ f6 3$ 62 S& 5 "U ] $ V 0E T> "U ! !_Z %
! "= ; U$ V‹ I - ! )&= 5 6 6 } > ) D# &0 %&&;5 0&1 ) 9 " 30 M&4 3` 8E
& 3 "- 2 )# 6- 5" 9 ! ! 5 ! 6-62 ! = Q ?- <&- D 0 TSS % O & .6- 1 : K5
.6 # 6 6 TSS O
2 %& * K5 6;5 ! O U$ V‹ DE 1 "U <- $ * "U&= 5 &0 16 •
. Q" ' 6U D _ \
. 2" !_Z % '# )&= 5 * &+ KL 1 1 P TSS % O •
. * &2 2 9 L ZL 5" DE 1 "U <- 2 - &Q •
.32 '- * &2 "4 85 2 O5 2 5 5" TSS
SS % 81 •
%C D# TSS % ! #- & :Z % 5" U$ V‹ !_Z )&= 5 6 6 } > "Qƒ &+ 5
Inshore " E 1 )&= 5 !_Z ) # ! " D 2 "L 6 6 !&E - ) " D 2 )&= 5
1 1 9 & ! Y 31 & TSS % 6 6 !_Z " L )&= 5 % C 6E * K .62 "
.62 " -
! ! 5 %& @# F)&= 5 6 6 } > O ? ! :1 3&;W %&&;5 ! & }Z + ! - %& 9 ! ! 5
66 TSS O ! &- "1 31 I C F!_Z :1 3E 0 "= ,9 T# !& != Q* + !&+ 5
: Q H\ "= ! 5 D • ! 3&U$ 345 " T>
446
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
&Q ? ! )&= 5 }> O ! 6 &- F 2 5 OE 3 ! 9 ! "_> %&&;5 •

. Q" V 0E \ 2 %& * K5
RU;$ 3#1 ! " &0 " + ( Q Y _- % = Q ?- "U&= 5 &0 T&W "1 •
!_Z % $ * )&= 5 %C O U %&# 5 ?- !_Z 3EE 0 % = Q ?- •
"E - 9 %# T> O ? ! 9" "E - % 5 T&# %&&;5 ?- !_Z ,9 T# O1 •
Q 38- ]- ;= &X U1 " \- 6;5 < F + F ‚ 1 ! 5 6 - ";&\> d-- * ZL •
!_Z )
U1 6;5 3 ! 9 ! "_> !# F 2 345 ,9 <&L !.
! E T> ! ! 5
!_Z % ! " 2 6;5 ! f Z#$
#$ V‹ D/ ZL T> %& @# F62 " * = K5 # E " 2 6W = Q
!_Z l # "1 R 6 ? % 6 .62 " G I C T> % TSS O U "1 F31 6 - " DQ !
%&# 5 <&- )&= 5 %C F ?- !_Z 3;1 V 1 5 31 I C Rg1 .6- 2 %&&;5 T
T# / 6E "E - F ?-
"1 )&= 5 KK M1 5 " )&= 5 '$ &0 6 )&= 5 &0 "E > ? ! 6; ! E .6- 2
" #5 "U&= 5 &0 '$ % 2 &L F% .6- Q %&&;5 ?- " Q< &0 9V1 62 D& 45
} Z 66 TSS O 3 :1 U %&&;5 * < "U ! 1 2 345 " "E -
. Q"
447
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
$ '( %&
@ $ +V . @ $ * VTS `: \ y V < LM & W
1 <C :: 0 >
K@ -1
30 M&4 3` 8E 0- "# <= F -" "# _5 2 )&= 5 R 1 ) O f6

)&= 5 R 1 ?- + .62
6 " DE 1 L 1 * 0&1a5 # ! 9 O " E 1 T> "
: 65 \ 9 % 5 6& % 5 " + ! 31 62 &? 5 D #$ %& xZ1 " ! - !&+ 5 ! - %& 9 M1 5 2
2 )&= 5 ! & VC 1 V-12 ! - %& 9 •
.62 " 2 )&= 5 R 1! Y ! - %& 9 6- ! IMO Resolution A.8857(20) ! ;ZW •
.6 " & 2 " ( <Q 0&1 ! & "1 1 "$ + ! IMO Resolution A.8851(20) ! ;ZW •
.62 " 2 " ( <Q 0&1 M 2 ! - %& 9 6- C.43(64) ! ;ZW •
! Resolution MSC.
448
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
.62 " " * > \5 ! & IMO 6- 1 6- ! IMO Resolution A9918(22) ! ;ZW •
IALA VTSS Manual 2008 •
%&- W 6 F6 #-" 5 2 )&=&= 5 R 1 % 6 A T> %& ! "- - "#Q
#Q 1 &Q ? !
%& 9 F1974 VC 1 &0- O DK=
K= . Q 3&;\5 2 )&= 5 R 1 " #5 O ! & " #$ %& ! - %& 9
:31 D# F62 " 2 )&= 5 R 1 ! Y D 0 !& ! V-12 ! -
M&4 3` 8E F -" "# „
„8E F" M&4 "- " # %& a5 2 )&= 5 R 1 •
. Q" O Offshore * 0&1a5 3 1 # ! 9 O " E 1 T> " 30
1 ! - %& 9 6 8` F6 #-" 81 2 )&= 5 R 1 ! VC 1 &0- h •
.6 #- 3&;\5 - " #$ %&
R 1 61 % .62 " 2 )&== 5 R 1 " ! - %& 9 D 2 <&- IMO Resolution
lution A.857(20)
A. ! ;ZW
" "# _5 9 f6 2" %& a5 " d ) M1 5 ! "0 1" :31 62 ;5 * + % ! 2 )&= 5
62 O "U&= 5 M 2 ! " •11 3& W 6 R 1 % .62 " " 30 M&4 3
3` 8E %& @# 2 )&= 5
".62 ! 2 VTS !&E -
2 %& @# IMO Resolution A.8857(20) ! ;ZW F 2 )&= 5 R 1! Y * 4&G 5 ;5 %& a5
} Z1 !&_ 6- 5" %& @# 6 #- %& a5 "5 > R 1 ) DW 6E 6 L xZ1 % 5 1 2 )&= 5 R 1" :!
} Z1 "$ # "= ; R % PE \ ! ".6 ! <&- )&= 5 " 6- 1 * 6L - )# D/ R 1
.6- &Q" W "1 J L !&E - G _5 " R 1 xZ1 %&&;5 ? ! &- <&$ -9 F 2 )&= 5 R 1
; , w ) @Q y V -2
R 1 .62 " "5 > * 6L ! D# L xZ1 % 5 1 2 )&= 5 R 1 F6 Q 2 ! Z- #

% .6 " W - &L - * #&#K5 HL dW ! "1 1 * > ! 2" l > "5 6L ! F* >
:62 " D 2* >
(6K_ f K- F6K_ F3&;W ) 2 )&= 5 •
( <Q Y _- R- = " - F ! F* > - * &&N5 / * E Z+ ) VTS !_Z •
( &X "
449
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
3&;G F" !& F6 M 2 F"U ] $ 6& F"= Q 6& ) 2 - HQQ . &&N •

( - ' _$ d- 5 F ƒ D_- D#EE F -)#
M1 5 ! ? "- ! + = 3 . %&; Q" !& 5 2 " # )&= 5 BC #; * >%
9 &L F = ! K4 2 ) 31 L 6- 5" %& @# * > % . Q" F611 ?- ! G VTS %&$ •0
2 !& M1 5 81 ! 31 " # * > ZL D# BC #; * >" . 2 W
R 1 . &Q" W F6 #-" 3 VHF ! (Q 5 VTS 64 ! "UA 2 !_Z
! 6 -"& & % =9 ZL M 2 6-- 1 DW 6E ! ? ! "-9 * #&#K5 HL <&- VTSS - )# R 1 F"5 >
.6 #-" )# -
w zV -1-2
on-board - * #&#K5 • 5 ! )#
) 6 IC* > %& a5 D# - 6 *6 0 R 1
! Y " # x K- D# 6- 5" %& @# R 1 % .62 " 9 D+ E * &.a5 #- - ! "-9
Pilotage D/ - R 1 ' %&
% a5 " #U ! - 6 *6 0 R 1 ) .62 <&- %# -
J L 3&;G ) 6L * + f > 31 L 62 } Z R 6- 5" VTS - )# R 1 . Q" } Z
IMO Resolution 6 1 . !1 %&EE ! 1 & * > \5 S& 5! &- "0 1 %& A ! . Q! F 2 -
:62 I =! 6 -! 6 *6 0 R 1 ) ! 6 #-" !&+ 5 2 )&=&= 5 R 1 ! & A.857(20)
I <$ S& 5 R 31 L R JL 2) ! 31 "5 6L -! 6 *6 0 R 1 •
D0 D# R 1 % .6 )# "-9 * #&#K5 • 5 3 2! 5 Q" ! S<
VTS M1 5 9
. Q" ! D#;$ 1 x K- F ZL F* > :$ W ! 62 " J L 2) ! Y -
. !#5 L [ 2 " ; 31 6 R 1[ -% •
"$ d#O ) M1 5 VTS - )## xZ1 R 1) !& " " # <&-- IALA VTS Manual 6 1
:$ W - )# * 6L ! !& IC " # %& a5 f6 <&- IALA Guideline No.1068
No. 61 .6 #-" %& a5
! - ! "-9 * #&#K5 • 5 ! )## VTS < 2 %& Y \5 ! 2 %&#h5 5 62 " 2 )&= 5 R 1
. &Q" * + :1 >
450
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
1, N a < h ( -1-1-2
2 * U- ! VTS !_Z 62 O "U&= 5 3&;G ! " ' 1 ? ! IMO Resolution

olution A.857(20)
A. ! ;ZW
# ! L " R 1 !_Z )&= 5 d " '- ) 62 W " #5 6 2 )&= 5 R 1 :
6 D&U 5 "U&= 5 K5 ) ! 62 W6 2 )&= 5 R 1 .6 I O- F6- HQ" &.a5 )&= 5 ! " = " #5
VTS "U&= 5 K5 .6 #-" %&&;5 " R 1 !&E - 62 O M 2 ! VTS " ' 1 3& W V 1 ! K5 % !
"U&= 5 M 2 ! •1 .6 #- • 5 "h _ * #&#K5 " M 2! 6 " U % R 1% 5 !
316 ˆ - .6- Q " ( 6 62 9 d# F:1 * & # I O- &Q &#K5 VTS !&E - 62 O
M 2 9 345 ! VTS !&E - 62 O M 2 " !- #- . Q VTS !_Z 2! 6 " 69
: 6 5 \ F 2" S& 5 I C VTS %&$ •0 M1 5 62 31 L - )# R 1
2 DQ ! ZL •
.62 62 f 4 L 62 !&+ 5 &0 - } > ! 3\0- 2 ! "5 + •
.62 \- L 3&;WW %&# 5 ! W 62 \- %•#Z L 3&;W ! 3\0- 2 ! "5 + •
.62 \- %•#Z F6- 1 " 6K_ ! 9! &0 ! 3\0- 2 Q •
6- ' $ 3&;W ) ! 6&1 2 ) ! )# ! &- •
2) - - * <& O5 "Q66 :&19 * + •
6 62 ( 6 6- 3 1M 2 * + •
2 %& f K5 U D&0-
0- * + •
- ZL ) 3 . !G ) f K5 D&0-
0- * + •
" ' 1 ! W 9 &5 6& h ) ? &X * + ! ! "Z 2 2 ) ! )# ! &- * + •
.62 \-
% #- ! 2 ! 5 ! U- % ! 6 2 )&= 5 R 1 - )# * 6L xZ1 81
* 62 I _ %& !Z Q %# -!& L 3&$ •0 6 62 I _ "Z 5 ! O 6 \- R 1
V1 * > \5 W !& L 3&$ •0 ! 3\0- 6 * 2 62 * _ F% .6 #- ( 6
R 1 %& < #5 Y _- ! ! .6 #- H\ "= ! 5 IMO Resolution A.918(22) 6 1 b6 " * > \5 6- 1
62 !G 2 9 ! VTS < %&$ •0 6 6E + . 62 62 ! 2 31 L ! "5 + VTS - )#
. Q" 2 F62
451
# !"
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:
VTS
TS ' l @ yDr ;N Q NW w -2-1-2
62 " = S_- A 2 * <& O5 "U ! "- D/ V 0E M 2 2 )&= 5 R 1 - )# * 6L xZ1

- )# R 1 ! X9 D\W "Q
" 9 O 6 &- J L * W 85 M 2 . Q" 31 L 2* _ f> F62
2 62 I _ 3&$ •0 VTS - )# R 1 ! F6 Q 2 H$ l = :$ Z ! Z- # ' 1 .6 2 "
3&$ •0 VTS * <& O5 3 64 ! 3\0- 6 2 62 I _ ƒ ! .6 #-"#- MW 1 L 2 " # „8E ! &
R 1 31 L D\W 6 F62 ! 2 "= 3+ = Q U * + . Q Q9 * = K5 &Q !& LJL
62 ! 30&$ )A T\> . Q O R 1 % M1 5 62 ! " # ! " •1 2 3& W VTS - )#
2 62 * _ M1 5 " 4 * & E 6 VTS - )# R 1 G _5 uideline 1068 6 1 1 31 &
IALA Guideline
2 ) f > VTS - )# R 1 31 L 3 &- M 2 * > F30&$ )AA % T Z . Q! D&#U5
:[1] 62 " * _= 5 ! Y * > &Q &#K5 " !Y * > F" & !Y * > Q D#
. &@ F N @ ) ED* .' & M
2*
*C9 %&2 ' 1 3&;G " & 6 9 316 * > %& a5 •
2 - "5 > \5 * <& O5 3&;G "1 6 9 316 * > %& a5 •
2 81 " ! _- ! 3&;G "1 6 9 316 * > %& a5 •
"0& '- 62 I _ / 0= - <& [ > •
" 4 !_Z 62 I _ 3L 2 <& [ > •
VTS - )# R 1 2 62 I _ " 29 <& •
6 < [ 85 6 3& W F:2/ F!_Z 9 ( <& D/ "Z&4 M 2 ! Y * > %& a5 •
" 4 )&= 5 xZ1
Z1 "1 •
2 !$ #4 [ -! Y * > %& a5 •
" R 1 " !& VTS * <& O5 3 64 3& W "1 •
. M % < O ) ED* .3 & M

8 1 D/ VTS - )# R 1 % <' ! <Q ( " 6 9 316 * > %& a5 •
*
VTS - )# R 1 345 &0 \ ! 2 3& W " 6 9 316 * > %& a5 •
452
# !"
&! Z:3 " %, & !2

:
.6 " c VTS - )# R 1 %& a5 U I6 * + ! "5 ZL " •

\ ! - } + ! &- " •
- )## R 1 %& a5 3 81 "5 > \5 R- = - " •
.) J, .3 & M
3&$ •0 ! e& ! !\ VTS - )# R 1 ! 6- 6 6 2 62
6 I_ •
. 1"#- "8 * K5 &Q L 2"# „
„8E
.6 ! L &0 ! VTS
V - )# R 1 345 ! Hg 6 2 ) 62
6 I_ •
VHF - !Y * _= 5 •
. H * + 2 62 I _ 3_= 6 <&- - )# R 1 ! X9 •
. &Q * + 2 62 I _ 3_= 6 <&- - )# * 6L ! I #5 •
! "- F' 1 .62 " } + &&N5 D W " 4 M 2 V 1 30&$ )A % ! Y ! 31 •! IC
L 62 !&+ 5 &0 2 ) ! " W B / F6 #- 6 ZG "Z 2 VTS < 2 )&= 5 R 1 %&$ •0
M 2 %& A 345 . 2" S& 5ICF 2* - &5 Y \5 - )# R 1 ! F62 62 f 4
D&#U5 ! F 2f > ZG J L M 2 ! % {4 ! . Q %& a5 2 9 - )# R 1 B = 6 F"+ L
. QI B \W ; 6 - )# R 1
• 5 ! )# VTS < ) 2 %& Y \5 ! 31 ! U- % ! ! 5 VTS - )# R 1 %& a5
# F 2 )&= 5 R 1 ! D#;$ 1 %& a5 . 2 I O- 6 !1 ) * + ! "-9 * #&#K5
:31 #- !&+ 5 D#;$ 1 x K- F ZL F* > %& a5 IMO Resolution A.857(20)
! 31 I C ! 6 62 O " * * > \5 O IMO M1 5 ! 6- 1 * E Z+
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A.
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Recommendatio O-134
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Each Contracting Governments undert dertakes to provide, as it deems practical and necessary
ary either individually or in co
co-
operation with other Contracting Governments,
rnments, such aids to navigation as the volume of traffic
affic justifies and the degree of
risk requires. In order to obtain the greatest
eatest poss
possible uniformity in aids to navigation, Contracting
racting Governments undertake
to take into account the international recommendations
commendations and guidelines when establishing such h aids.
462
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MSC.189(79)
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126
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136
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128
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119
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127
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field of view "U& ! &1 ) ƒ !6 ! % &
611
# !"
: ) ; AM .) 2 ( .R : B ( %, & !2
fix " \W 3&;W ! [ 6 62 ~ KE 3&;W
fixed and flashing light .31 62 :& 5 & *62 ( = - !1 & - 9 ! "X A
fixed and grouped flashing *62 ( = -6A Q) ? S "- d> _ ! !1 & - i A)

light .6 " &&N5 & -
fixed antenna radio . 6- % -9 0&1 ! &- 9 81 ! " , 3 )

direction finder
fixed mark 3 . 3&;WW - )# 3 )
flag alarm ! -
!- &#> D W &X - 3 ) ! ! "1 A [-)
. " ! - )#
flash i A) - "U 5 "-C > "- d> _ # ! 5 B \0- - )
floating aid 62 S " ! _- 9 3&;W " ! - )# 3 !! 2 !

.31
flood 6 " 3 E DE 1 3#1 ! ! 6 <
fog „& X \X F!
G
gain "U U$ ! &1 ) ]- F] $ ! " L ]- F] $ 3\0-
gain buoy . Qi A! !
generalization 3&# feature F! _- V &_ 62 5 )A <# 9 ! 2" l > !1 !

.6- 2 " fHE 9 5
geodetic position 3&;W ) . 2 " #- )&5 ] ‰ > ! %& xZ1

Z1 !Z_- ) 3•&;W
.62 " \ ; F)&5 ] \ xZ1
x ) V1 )&5 ]
geographic coordinates " &= N * K
612
# !"
: ) ; AM .) 2 ( .R : B ( %, & !2
geographic plot %& xZ1 ! 3\0- 26A ) * E #- K5
geo navigation "& d Y _- 81 -
global positioning system "- 3&;W %&&;5 0&1
glonass " U 9 GPS 0&1 ! !&\2 "1 - 0&1 )
gnomon . " ! SL 2 ) ! 9! 1! !G
gnomonic chart .31 62 !& 5 gnomon K5 0&11 V 1 ! " ! _- )
grounding 0! 2 !-6 L F DQ !
ground flashing light ( = 6;5 Q 62 " " Q* +! ( = 9 ! ( =i A)

.6- 2" U5 ? "- d> _ Q% 31 "- 0U
H
harbor .31 62 O 9 6- ' $ ƒ ! 2 3` 8E ! " M&4 !_Z
horizontal danger angle 6E 6 6- - 6- 2" 6 2) ! F* A ) !Z_-- %& ! DW 6E / 6E

.62 " ZL ) ! %# "1 1
horn l F g&2
humidity 3 > <&
hydrographer .31 I O- T&_45 !;$ Z "= Q 6& !& ! "0
hydrography 6 9 O " E 1 T> !- L F F V - &W "U <&= ‰ &+ 5 &Q 6-

- 9 81
hydrographic navigation 6 1= b %6A '&1 3= "- *= L &Q 6- V 1 " -

<#
hydrographic line of . 2" %&# 5 3 . !Z_- D+ = f L &Q 6- ! "$

" $H DU2 ! 3&;W ML )
position
613
# !"
: ) ; AM .) 2 ( .R : B ( %, & !2
IALA Maritime buoyage . &Q " W 81 - & M1 5 ! - 3L U 0&1 )

system
Illuminance " 2
Inch #& - 1 2/54 * = 1/12 > 6E
Indicator &; FSL 2
Inertia L " ;= 3&;G 6- "W ! 0 ) D #5
Inertial navigation I ; 3&;W [ 2 !Z_- ) V 1 2 ) 3&;G 3 1 %&&;5 !1
Infinite 3 & F 64 -
Infrared < W
Inshore DE 1 ! ) <-
Interference "U U$ * <& O5 M1 5 62 6&$ 5 '$ ! 1 L - '&1
International chart *6 "-C > - V &_ )A " * A ! #O )
International hydrographic .6 2 " -" " " # „8E •0 ! h D# "0- ]9

organization
International nautical mile 1852 B _&W > 6E
Interpolation " &- F 62 _ %& "- & _ %&# 5 !1
K
k-band <5 ' 36000 5 10900
900 " R- = 6- )
knot 3 1 " D ) 3 1 6E
614
# !"
: ) ; AM .) 2 ( .R : B ( %, & !2
L1- signal % . Q" 1 <5 ' 1572/42 R- = GPS M 5 ! L 6- " +

M1 '&1
.31 62 !$ 6 - I N& P C/A 6 '&1
L2- signal I N& P6 2" 1 <5 ' 1227/60 R- = ! GPS L 6- '&1 %&
.6-- 2" !$ 6 9 -
lake !A F" L ,9 64
lambert conformal chart *\C 8- K5 0&1 " ! _- )
lambert conformal map #- &_ 0 Y ZL * $ K- " #5 9 ! "> [- 8- K5 0&1 )

projection .6- 2"
land DE 1 2%= Q F"U L ! 2 9
landfall .31 3 E DE 1 3#1 ! 2 " W "U L !- - %&$
landmark 3 ! 9 5" ! - )# &X FDEE 1 " K !G )

. #- 8 1 <&- - )#
large navigational buoy . #- 81 9 5" "- - 2 ! ! r< ! )
large scale . S& 5 <&- )A B \0- < 1 ‰ 5" 9 ! "1 &_
latitude " &= N ‰
leading line .31 62 S ! &1 ! " ! _-- ! &_ 0 ML )
light "- - ] - Fi A
light beacon "- - %U&
lighted buoy i A!
lighthouse "+ - )# i A ) D## L 1 F" V -=
light ship . 2" 81 - )# * 6L ! 9 ! i A 2)
615
# !"
: ) ; AM .) 2 ( .R : B ( %, & !2
longitude " &= N >
long range system .6- 9 3&;W %&&;5 3& W ! 6 " - 0&1
LORAN 9 ! &1 ! ! <5 & 1950 5 1850 M1 R- = 6 " - 0&1 )

.6 9" 316 M1 3W "$ $H 3&;W ML )
M
magnetic azimuth "0&>
0&> N #2 ! 3\0- * # 9
magnetic chart "0&> N * > 6 #- " ! _-
major light .62 " " = " + " E 1 i A D## ! - *62 "X A
marine chart " ! _-
master " 6- = F" +
mercator map projection K55 !- 1 ) F%& D/ ) xZ1 9 ! 8- !- 1 K5 0&1 )

. 2"
monitoring l > F 9 "= '&1 T > 0&1 ) " U# ! " -

. Q"
mooring F%&& ! 2) K5 * & #
N
nautical " -! Y D0
navigational waters . 2" 81 9 - &0 ! ! " ,9
navigational aid . Q" 81 9 - ! )# ! ( ! _- F! &1 F 0&1 )
NAVTEX D 200 ! + = 5 -* > - ! M1 R- = " * 0&1 )
616
# !"
: ) ; AM .) 2 ( .R : B ( %, & !2
. 2" 81 9
O
occulting light .62
6 " "U 5 5 "-C > " 2 BC #; 9 2" 6& 5 ? d> _ ! -
ocean V - &W
offshore DE 1
offshore navigation DE 1 !+= -
orbit !• &- &.a5

.a5 345 0 ) 3 E &0
P
parallax . Q" 6 Y _- ! " W ~"2 ) ` 3&;W 3 f L
passive system .62 " '&1 3= 6 &- 9 U # ! - 0&1 )
path &0
p-code . 2" 8 1 " ?- 6- &Q M11 5 ! GPS '&1 T&W 6
pilot ! " - ! 31 "K 2 BC #; .6 " 3 6 DE 1 3#1 ! 2 ) ! "K 2 F #

.31 Q9 9 * ZL ! 61 2" " L
pilotage " # F6 #-" )# J L T> 2 - - ! ! "0 1
pilot station # '0
polarization .6 " &+ 5 "U U$ 6& 3 ! R&>

&> N U$ b "5 &+ KL
polar map projection :ZWW "U < ! K5 0&1
position . 2" &+ 5 * K 8 1 ! 3&;W
position approximation "\ _5 3&;W 9 316
617
sZ
[1] A manual on technical aspects of the United Nations convension of the law of the sea, 1982. Special
Publication No. 51
@ 3 ( ) 23 (7 !?IIGGG5- 5 I' ! (I (I3 J (I 8 (I- 3 (I@ ",= F%="5
[3] Hydrographic dictionary, Part 1, Volume 1, English, Special publication No.32. International Hydrographic
Organization.
[4] The seafaring dictionary, Terms, Idioms and Legends of the Past and Present, DAVID S.T. BLACKMORE,
DAVID S.T. BLACKMORE, U.S. Navy (Ret.)
[5] Glossary of marine navigation, National imagery and mapping agency.
[6] Navigational aids, !?II 5G ! & 5 IG I J &
[7] The U.S aids to navigation system,
http://www.boatus.org/onlinecourse/reviewpages/boatusf/project/info5d.htm
[8] The Canadian aids to navigation system,
http://www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/debs/obs/environment/aids/menu.htm
[9] Navigation & navigation aids, http://www.boatus.com/onlinecourse/documents/NAVIGATION.html
[10] Types of navigation aids, !?IIGGG5 35 353 I I ( I& ;(F ;(F F &(F -F
4 45
[11] Port & Maritime Organization, http://www.pmo.ir
[12] Lights and buoys, http://www.sailingissues.com/navcourse9.html

[13] Sea marks, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_mark
[14] Buoy, !?II 5G ! & 5 IG I.-
[15] Nautical chart, !?II 5G ! & 5 IG I - 3 J3
[16] "Short range aids to navigation”, National imagery and mapping agency.
[17] “Radio aids to marine navigation”

[18] “Operation’s guide for marine radar”, Furuno, USA 2009. www.FurunoUSA.com
618
[19] J.D.Reid, B.H.Judson and V.Smith, “Reducing risk with the marine navigation safety system”.
Transportation development center, GeoInfo solution and Canadian Coast guard marine navigation services,
(1997).
[20] “2020 the vision: marine aids to navigation strategy”, produced by the general lighthouse authorities of the
United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, (2004).

[21] “Bridge lighting and other signals”, United States coast guards, office of bridge administration.
[22] “Mobile satellite services (MSS) report”, Public safty wireless network.
[23] S. F. Appleyard, R. S. Linford, P. J. Yarwood, “Marine electronic navigation”. Second enlarged edition.
[24] “RACON”, Tideland signal crop, featuring aids to navigation products.
[25] “What is AIS?”, Tideland signal crop, featuring aids to navigation products.
[26] www.thrane.com/.../Introduction/LRIT/System.aspx
[27] www.marsys.com.au/ais/vtssytems.htm
[28]http://www.km.kongsberg.com/ks/web/NOKBG0240.nsf/AllWeb/FF57C18363FAD917C1256A7E002B9F
2F?OpenDocument
[29] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_Acoustic_Positioning_System
[30] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Baseline_Acoustic_Positioning_System
[31] Kurt D. Schwehr, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH
Philip A. McGillivary, USCG PACAREA Science Liaison, Alameda, CA, “Marine Ship Automatic
Identification System (AIS) for Enhanced Coastal Security Capabilities: An Oil Spill Tracking Application”.
[33] IALA Technical Clarifications on ITU Recommendation ITU-R M.1371-1, December 2003.
[34] A MANUAL ON TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW
OF THE SEA – 1982.

[35] UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC POSITIONING SYSTEMS BASED ON BUOYS WITH GPS, Proceedings
of the Eighth European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, 8th ECUA Edited by S. M. Jesus and O. C.
RodrÚguez Carvoeiro, Portugal, 12-15 June, 2006.
[36] http://library.thinkquest.org/5286/history_of_lighthouses.htm
[37] http://www.essortment.com/all/lighthousehist_rhmw.htm
[38] http://www.feuerschiffseite.de/ENTSTEH/history.htm
619
[39] http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/regions/ropme/ropint.htm
[40] http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/regions/ropme/rophist.htm
[41] http://www.ropme.com/pages/structure.htm
[42] http://www.memac-rsa.org/
!!!! *),) 3 & 2 <F 4 33 3 ( ( &( 5
" 81 • 5 - F 6 F 6 " d f ;#$ 44
$ - ( &7 !?IIGGG5 3 5-(3 5 I G I - (I - (I - 5
+ < 3 33 (7 H!?IIGGG5 5 I( I 5 (!U ! 3J &D $4
/ IMO MS Questionnaire on the use of ENCs and Chart Carriage Requirements
[48] Radar Target Enhancer, !?IIGGG5-(( 5 I( I -& (I-( & 3 5
: F %<7 !?IIGGG5( ( 53 5- I( I! &-3 J& (5 3U! &-3 *&D V3 *&D
$4 *),) 3 & 2 <F 4+ -( W 32 ( &( 2 (G
*),) ;- ( ( 5
$ % * 2 (( 3 2 ! ( & ; (7 !?IIGGG5 ! G &! (5 I*)#00= <5 (!8
$ % * 2 !- 3 ( (( 3 2 7 !?IIGGG5 ! 5 I
[53] Unclos Articles, http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS-TOC.htm

[54] IALA Strategy 2006-2010
( ) " &#L I 6 " )&= 5 R 1 " D#;$ 1 [55]

"$<- 6 " !_Z " )&= 5 0&1 " D#;$ 1 [56]
- 1F " V6 &$a5 F!$ _ 10 !$ _ F 2 )&= 5 R 1 D U5 DE [57]
- 1F " V6 &$a5 F!$ _ 10 I !$ _ F 2 )&= 5 R 1 * 0&1a5 O [58]
- 1F " V6 &$a5 F!$ _ 10 I 1 !$ _ F 2 )&= 5 R 1 … 65 * - U … 65 [59]
[60] Industrial Members of IALA, !?IIGGG5 F ( 5 I
[61] Nick Ward, IALA, “The IMO e-Navigation Initiative”.
[62] Recommendation on Automatic Identification System (AIS) Shore Station and networking aspects relating
to the AIS Service. IALA Recommendation A-124, December 2002.
[63] Report on the 55th session of the IMO Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation (NAV), e-NAV7/4/3.
620
[64] Recommendation on Vessel Traffic Services in Inland Waters, IALA Recommendation V-120, June 2001
[65] http://www.menas.org/regionmap.htm, Middle East Navigation Aids Services.
[66] IALA Technical Clarifications on ITU Recommendation ITU-R M.1371-1, December 2003.
[67] http://bushehrport.pmo.ir/
[68] http://khorramshahrport.pmo.ir
[69] 2020 the vision, Marine Aids to Navigation Strategy. General lighthouse authorities United Kingdom and
republic of Irland.
[70] IALA aids to navigation manual- IALA NAVguide, Chapter 6.
- - )# ‚ &- 0&1 !& "O 1 U F 8; # [71]

";+ ' - " d + 1" "16 6U - 3 6 F62 "1 2 I- .( I 6 ) "1 L
1379 2 . &\ &
[72] Prevention department navigation system division. AtoN discrepancy review.
[73! !!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! !! 2 ; H (7 ' 3 ; 44 5
/ *),) - & 5 4//7 H 3 ) &( 2 7 <& 2 7' 3 ; 44:5
/$ *),) - & 5 4 /7 ' 3 32 ) &( 2 # 3 3 3- 2 7 <& 2 7
' 3 ; 44:5
/+ *),) - & 5 4 4 3 ;- ( &( &( 2 ( -3 - (5 <& 2 7
' 3 ; 44 5
// @ 3 ( ) 23 (7 !?IIGGG5- 5 I' ! (I (I3 J (I 8 (I- 3 (I@ ",= F%="5
/ = ( G & & ! & ((- ( 5" ( -& M ( N *7 ** & ***7
! ; 44/5
/: =K( G ; < * ( 2 (? - & ( ( ! 2 3 @ = <*(5
-& 3 5
4 *),) - & 5 44 &3 ) 5 <& 2 5 7' 3 ; 44$5
&3 7%& &( 3 !7 44 5
)* & (! 7%& &( 3 !7 44 5
NS-AN04a )*' %= )B*>)%*= <#= %5

621
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+ , -( ( 3 L( ( (7 < 3 3< 5 5* O B (5
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7 44:5
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: *),) >- & 5 4 ( 7 <& 2 5 7' 3 ; 44$5
: =@%<* > = 0*# 7 0*# <#= %* > ) ' <,)%<' )%%< 7 ) & % 3 !
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[97] A manual on technical aspects of the United Nations convension of the law of the sea, 1982. Special
Publication No. 51
: @ 3 ( ) 3 (7 !?IIGGG5- 5 I' ! (I (I3 J (I 8 (I- 3 (I@ ",= F%="5
622

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/ 0 . d H @i h 9 F 2 " RF < 89 6 ND6 1 DB a < B K

12 .............................................................................................................................. 9 /= " -2-1-2

18 ............................................................................................................ Q ? 6 Range 5u t -2-1-2-2

22 ................................................................................IALA X ! MDB -4-2

23 ...................................................................... ! 5 X MDB 9 B 5 >b -1-4-2

23 ...................................................................................... . MDB x k#6 Q5 . 5 >b -1-1-4-2

24 ..................................................................................... I= MDB x k#6 Q5 . 5 >b -2-1-4-2

31 ................................................................................................................................... Z @ MDB -2-4-2

32 ......................................................................................................................... ? P Z @ MDB -1-2-4-2

33 ......................................................................................................................... ?G Z @ MDB -2-2-4-2

36 ................................................................................................................. ?K O 7# MDB -4-4-2

37 .................................................................................................................. 5 7# MDB -5-4-2

37 .................................................................................................................................. + MDB -6-4-2

38 ................................................................................ " = y u 9>. 6 ! 9 " /= 7# MDB -7-4-2

40 .................................................................................... X ! MDB r G= . 1 J -5-2

48 .................................................................................................. (GIB) GPS 96 F 5 -4-1-3

52 ..................................................................................................................... zu ! " #; -2-4

53 ................................................................................................................. 92 2@ " #; -3-4

54 ........................................................................................................ 92 2@ " #; -4-4

55 ...................................................................................................... 9 " #; 9 . -6-4

56 ......................................................................................... 9 " #; 1 J " -7 -4

57 .................................................... 9 " #; 56 " Q B / . d ?@ " M -8 -4

58 ....................................................................................... 5 m XH T U 9: > " 6 : -9 -4

59 ........................................................................................................UKHO 0 A7 9: > " : -1-9-4

61 ..................................................................................... 92 2@ " #; BD W -10-4

63 ................................................................................................................ 1 " 5 -1-5

64 ..................................................................................................................Q ? 6 1 " -1-1-5

65 ................................................................................................................... GPS 1 " -2-1-5

68 ................................................................................................................... 0 > //! 1 J Wk -3-2-1-5

69 .................................................................................................................... A @ > 1 " -3-1-5

70 ................................................................................................... Q / 96 k "1 " -4-1-5

81 .......................................................................................................................... 2J6 P -1-3-5

82 .............................................................................................................................. /54 -2-3-5

83 ........................................................................................................... RTE Q> 6 1 //! Q ;6 -3-3-5

86 ............................................................................................................... " /= : 63 -1-6

90 ......................................................................... " /= : 6 Z /! 5 O ZF " -1-1-6

91 .......................................................................................................... " /= 9" N ?> -2-6

95 ....................................................................................................................... 9" N ?> -2-2-6

97 ...................................................................................................... (DG) | O "m ! = ?> -1-2-2-6

98 ................................................................................................................ (HS) { = ?> -2-2-2-6

99 .................................................................... 9" N ?> " 5/# 4 89< d.m L = -3-2-6

101 ........................................................................................................ 6 69 /= 5 -3-6

103 ......................................................................................................... ! AIS . 1 J -1 -3-6

104 .............................................................................. 9 : 6 Z /! 5 AIS . 1 J -4-6

105 ................................................................................................ VTS AIS . 1 J ? -1-4-6

106 ............................................................................................. /A 9 9 /= 5 -5-6

108 ........................................................................................................... " /= \6 -6-6

109 ..................................................................................................................... : 6 1 //! -1 -6-6

110 ................................................................................................... 9 " L =C 9 -2-6-6

111..................................... 9AA @ ;O/ 89A eO ! 5 jk 6 .d Wk

112 ................................................................ 9AA @ eO ! ? 5K6 jk 6 -2

112 ......................................................................................................................... 9 C : -1-2

115 .......................................................... ;O/ 9A eO ! ? 5K6 jk 6 -3

119................................. ! MDB 9 " 6 TU 9AA @ 5 . -2

119 ........................................................................................................ 9AA @ 0 . -1-2

124 ..................................................................................................... 9AA @ 0 . -1-1-2

128 ................................................. (IALA) 9 5 : ! MDB " 9AA @ 0 . -2-2

129 ....................................................................................................... IALA 9AA @ 0 . -1-2-2

132 ............................................................................................ (IHO) 9: > " 9AA @ 0 . -3-2

134 ................................................................................................... 9: > " 9AA @ 0 . -1-3-2

137 ..................................................................................................................... 9: > " 9A ! -2-3-2

140 .................................................................................... (IAPH) 5" > 7/@ / 9AA @ H6 -4-2