1 4 Concerning brain vasogenic edema all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: ‘A. Extravasation of serum to the extracellularly space along fiber tracts in the white matter and can also affect the gray matter. B. It occurs in head injury. C. It occurs in brain tumors. D. It occurs in brain abscesses. ®D ltocurrsin early stage of ischemia Intracranial pressure monitoring is indicated in all of the following EXCEPT: |A. Severe head injury with nommal CT in patients with age>40. B. Severe head injury with normal brain CT and initial BP<90mmHg C. Severe head injury with abnormal Brain CT. D. Moderate head injury with abnormal brain CT in sedated patients. ® Moderate head injury with normal CT, not sedated. In Pediatric coma scale all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: @ Fully awake and aware person (16 points). B. Verbal response :Inconsolable, agitated (2 points). C. Verbal Response: Cries but consolable, inappropriate interactions (4 points). D. Motor response: Extension to pain (2 points). E. Motor response: Infant withdraws from pain (4 points). Plateau wave includes all of the following EXCEPT: ‘A. Alwaysare pathological ) It reflects steep increase in the pressure (>30mmHg), lasting as long as 5-20 minutes before rapidly declining. C. They are associated with poor outcomes. “ D, They are related to Hakim and Adams Syndrome E. The presence of these waves should prompt treatment of Intracranial Pressure(ICP) -Final Written Exam._Neurosurg, Nov. 2014 5. Concerning shunt infection all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: A. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common microorganism in shunt infection. ) 95% of shunt infection are developed after weeks of shunt insertion or revision, C. Intraventricular antibiotics are indicated in difficult cases to cure. D. Vancomycine and Gentamycine are the most effective antibiotic in intraventricular administration. E. External drainage after shunt removal is mandatory 6. Concerning cerebral hydatic disease all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: @) The appropriate surgical treatment is the puncture-aspiration then removal of the cyst wall. B. Cerebral cyst is usually single lesion. C. The Echinococcus granulosus is responsible . D. Human infestation is mostly in childhood. E. Serologic analysis in most cases is negative. 7. Concerning pilocytic astrocytoma alll of the following statements are True EXCEPT: A. Most affected are children ages 5-14 years. B. Genetic studies showed some sporadic cases which have gain in chromosome 7934 involving the BRAF locus. C. There is evidence in literature to suggest that the careful use of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy may be useful as a complementary treatment in case of incompletely resection of the neoplasm. . Grade I Pilocytic Astrocytoma, in adults, is usually observed in frontal lobe. Under the microscope, the tumor is seen to be composed of bipolar cells with long "hairlike" GFAP-positive processes. moOFinal Written Exam._Neurosurg. Nov. 2014 8. Concerning the diagnosis of Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: A. SAH is a medical emergency that is frequently misdiagnosed. A high level of / suspicion of a SAH should exist in patient with acute onset of severe headache. B. Acute diagnostic workup should include contrast head CT. * C. CT Angiography may be considered in the workup of the SAH if the aneurysm is detected by CT Angiography, this study may be help guide the decision of aneurysm repair 7 D. Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is indicated ifthe CTA is not conclusive E. MRI (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, proton density, diffusion weight imaging and grading echo sequence) may be reasonable in patient with no diagnostic CT & ®* 9. Concerning Chiari Syndrome all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: |A. Grade III is characterized by a lack of cerebellar development in which the cerebellum and brain stem lie wilt and is associated with ‘an occipital encephalocele containing a variety of abnormal neuroectodermal tissues, and incompatible with life B. Decompresive surgery , performed involves removing the the posterior arch of Cl and sometimes the second or even third cervical vertebrae and part of the occipital bone of the skull to relieve pressure. / C. Complications of decompression surgery can arise. They include bleedings, damage to structures in the brain and spinal canal ~ D. Females are three times more affected than males E. The blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow may also cause a syrinx into the spinal cord, eventually leading to syringomyelia. “ 10, In management of cerebral vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia (DCI) after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: A. Oral Nimodipine should be administrated to all patients with a SAH B. Maintenance of euvolemia and normal blood circulation volume is“ reco : C. Prophylactic hypervolemia or balloon angioplasty before the development of ~ angiographic spasm is not recommended. . Transcranial Doppler is not confident to monitor for the development of the arterial vasospasm. . Perfusion imaging with CT or MRI can be useful to identify region of potential brain ischemia. mooFinal Written Exat jeurosurg. 11. A lesion of which of the following structures would most si impair memory? A. Amygdala B, Fornix C. Temporal cortex D. Mamilllary body E. Area 44 12. The borders of Parkinson’s Triangle are cranial nerves : A 1&I B. 1 & I Cc. m&Iv D.IV&VI E. IV&VI 13, In conduction aphasia, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. It is caused by a lesion in supramarginal gyrus of dominant hemisphere B. There is fluent speech and intact repetition C. It may be caused by occlusion of MCA superior temporal branch D. Patient is able to understand E. Patients are not aware of the problem 14, In preparation for placement of ventricular eatheter, a resident measures # point 3 cm above and posterior to the ear. The point being measured is? A. Kocher’s point B. McEwen’s pont C. Keen’s point D. Barker’s point E. The sylvian point 15. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor(DNET) A. No particular sex predominance B. There is abundance of mitoses with no necrosis C. Itis not commonly surgically curable cause of seizures D. It is amixed glial and neuronal neoplasm E. Cystic changes are rare on MRIFinal Written Exam._Neurosurg. Pit_Nov. 2014 eee 16, Regarding encephaloceles, which of the following statements is TRUE? POORP Frontal encephaloceles are the most common type Basal encephaloceles are associated with defects in sphenoid bone Basal encephaloceles are not associated with high risk of developing meningitis Parietal encephalocele are associated with high risk of seizures disorders Frontoethmoida (sincipital) encephalocele is commonest in the Middle East jencephalic syndrome consists of all the following EXCEPT: Di A. Patients are excessively energetic B. c. D. E. Macrocephaly . Cachexia . Euphoria . Hyperglycemia 18. In brainstem gliomas, which of the following statements is TRUE: AL . They usually present with long tract signs B. c D. E, Lower grade tumors tend to occur in lower brainstem Most are candidates for surgery . Upper brainstem gliomas frequently present with hydrocephalus . Most of them require stereotactic biopsy before starting radiotherapy 19. In oligodendrogliomas, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: Po Oo wp They have predilection for the frontal lobes . Histologically, neoplastic cells have a classic description of fried egg appearance . They usually suggest a worse prognosis than the more common fibrillary astroreytoma Some variants are responsive to chemotherapy Calcifications are frequently seen on CT scans 20. The artery most likely to be enlarged on an angiogram for a tentorial meningioma is : A ‘Superficial temporal artery B. Artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari C. Occipital artery D. E. Anterior choroidal artery Posterior inferior cerebellar arteryFinal Written Exam._Neurosurg. PIL 2014 21. In vestibular schwannomas, which of the following statements is TRUE: A. Arises from the inferior division of the vestibular nerve B, They are the result of a chromosomal defect in long arm of chromosome 17 C. The hearing defect characterized by loss of high frequencies and word discrimination D. Weber test lateralizes to the involved side E. Rinne test is positive 22. In treatment strategies for CSF leak after posterior fossa surgery: all of the following is true EXCEPT A. Itrarely stops spontaneously B. Elevation of head of bed with bed rest is tried initially 7 C. Insertion of lumbar drain may be indicated - D. If leak persists, reexploration is indicated ~ E. CSF shunting is used sometimes in refractory cases 23. The suprascapular nerve innervates which muscle of the following? A. Teres major B. Teres minor C. Infraspinatus D. Lattismus dorsi E. Serratus anterior 24, The following are indications for early surgical exploration of the brachial plexus injury: Any injury needs repair Progressive deficits Blunt traction injuries ). Gunshot wound to brachial plexus . Traction brachial plexus injury in neonate caused by traction on plexus at delivery PoOED> 2: a Occlusion of which of the following arteries is most likely to result in hypoglossal palsy? A. Basilar artery B. Anterior spinal artery C. Vertebral artery D. PICA E. AICAFinal Written Exam._Neurosurg. PUl_Nov. 2014 eee 26. All of the following are true in Moyamoya syndrome EXCEPT: [A. The majority of children present with intracerebral hemorthage B. The age of onset of symptoms displays a bimodal distribution C. Itis of unknown etiology D. Involves progressive stenosis of the supraclinoidal carotid arteries E. Associated with Down syndrome 21. The middle cerebral artery supplies all of the following structures EXCEPT: . Inferior parietal lobule Broca’s area Wernicke’s area Primary auditory cortex Paracentral lobule POOR 28. Which of the following is NOT an indication for stereotactic radiosurgery? Cerebral AVM. Metastatic brain tumors . 2.5 em vestibular shewannoma . 2.5 em petrous apex meningioma .. 2.5 em aneurysm at top of basilar artery POORP 29. All of the following are considered possible causes of acute cauda equina syndrome EXCEPT: Tumor . Epidural spinal hematoma . Free fat graft following discectomy. Lumbar spine fractures Lumbar stenosis POOP 30. Comparing microdiscectomy to standard discectomy for lumbar dise herniation, which of the following statements is FALSE: A. Ithas shorter incision B. Shorter hospital stay C. Less blood loss D. Better outcome E. May be more difficult to retrieve large fragmentsFinal Written Exam._Neurosurg. 31. Regarding intraoperative unintended dural injury in lumbar dise surgery, which of the following statement is TRUE: A. Normal ambulation is a cause of failure of dural repair B. Risk of CSF leak is increased with revision surgery C. Itis considered as an act of malpractice D. Can be due to thinned dura by long standing stenosis E. The use of fibrin glue is not advantageous 32, Pterion is the region where following bones of skull are approximate: A. Frontal, Parietal, temporal and sphenoid (greater wing) B. frontal, occipital, sphenoid C. Two parietal D. Frontal with nasal E. occipital with parietal 33. Asa surface landmark in cervical spine, cricoid cartilage corresponds to: A. C23 B. C3-4 Cc. C45 D. C56 E. C6-7 34. Migraine attack may be activated by all of the factors EXCEPT: A. Bright light B. Stress C. Diet changes D. Vasoconstrictors E. Intra venous contrast injection 35. Commonest presenting symptom in the order of frequency in Chiari-I malformation is: Dysarthria Tinnitus Vomiting Headache - Diplopia POOpP>Final Written Exam,_Neurosurg. Pil_Nov. 2014 —Sanhnhnh9ND999 36. What percentage of cases of Dandy Walker malformation is associated with hydrocephalus: 90% 10% 50% 30% 10% Popp 3 g . In the adult, CSF is produced at a rate of about: 0.3 m/min, 0.8 ml/min 1.3 ml/min ). 2.3mV/min 3.2mV/min POOR For labeling hydrocephalus on CT scan, Evans ratio i.e., frontal horns to maximal bi-parietal diameter has to be: 38. A. >20% B. >30% C. >40% D. >50% E. 760% 39. Possible complications of shunt over function can present as all EXCEPT: A. Slit ventricles B. Intracranial hypotension CC. Subdural hematomas D. Dilatation of frontal homs E. Craniosynostosis 40. Absence seizure (petit mal seizure) patients will have: A. No seizure at all B. Impaired consciousness with mild or no motor involvement C. Fairly symmetrical, bilateral synchronous seizure D. Shock like body jerks E. Sudden brief loss of tone that may cause fallFinal Written Exam._Neurosurg, 41, Straight leg rising helps to differentiate sciatica from pain due to hip pathology. This is called : A. Cram test B. Lasegue’s sign C. Crossed leg sign D. Sciatica sign E, Bowstring sign 42. If there is ankle jerk diminution, weakness of gastrocnemius (planter flexion), decreased sensations in lateral malleolus & lateral part of foot which nerve root is involved: A. L2 B. 13 Cc. 4 D.LS E, S1 43. Mark out the. INCORRECT statement about features associated with high grade oligodendroglioma: A. Contrast enhancement on CT & MRI B. No endothelial proliferation on histology C. Pleomorphism D. Tumor proliferation (evidence by mitotic figures) E, Astrocytic component present 44. Macroscopically complete, without resection or coagulation of dural attachments or of its extradural extensions (e.g. hyperostotic bone) qualifies as which grade of Simpson’s removal of meningioma: AL B. c. i D. IV EV 10Written Exam._Neurosurg. 45. Clinical grading describing six grades of facial nerve dysfunction is named after: A. Simpson B. House & Brackmann C. Gardener & Robertson D. Silverstein & Norrell E. Meniere 46. Pituitary tumor of less than what dimension is called a micro adenoma: A. Z myop 49. Maximum radiation dose tolerated by the optic nerve is: 500eGy 400eGy 300cGy 200eGy 100eGy PoOREFinal Written Exam._Neurosurg, 50. Epineurium encases the: A. Myelinated & un myelinated axons only B. Myelinated axons only C. Unmyelinated axons only D. Nerve trunk E, Nerve fascicles 51. Paresthesias or pain in median nerve distribution produced by gentle Percussion over carpal tunnel is known as: A. Phalen’s sign B. de Quervain’s sign C. Tinel’s sign D. Cullen’s sign E. Wilson’s sign 52. One exception to the contraindications of anterior odontoid screw fixation is: A. Large odontoid fracture gap B. Pathological odontoid fracture C. Fracture of C2 vertebral body D. Reducible odontoid type II fracture E, Disruption of atlantal transverse ligament 53. A head injury patient with GCS of 10, history of loss of consciousness for 10 minutes with left hemiparesis is categorized as: A. Minimal head injury B. Mild head injury C. Moderate head injury D. Severe head injury E. Critical head injury ‘54. Maximal risk of air embolisms is in which of the position opted for posterior fossa (sub occipital) craniotomy: A. Concorde position B. Sitting position C. Park bench position D. Lateral E, Prone 2Final Written Exam._Neurosurg. Plt_Nov. 2014 55. Spinal column grows faster than the cord. At what gestational age does the length of these two match: 2 months 3 months ¥: 5 months 6 months 7 months POOR 56. For histopathological diagnosis of neuropathy, nerve to be biopsied is: A, Tibial nerve B. Sciatic nerve C. Sural nerve D. Ulnar nerve E. Median nerve 57. Criteria to elevate depressed fracture of skull are all EXCEPT: > 8-10mm of depression Deficit related to the underlying brain Overlying venous sinus Associated CSF leak Open compound fracture Poop nerve nuclei are present in the floor of the 4th ventricle ‘A. Abducens nucleus. B. Facial nucleus in the facial colliculus. C. Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. D. Hypoglossal nucleus. E. Vestibular nucleus. 59. In immunohystochemistry diagnosis of brain tumors: GFAP is positive in: A. Astrocytoma. B. Choroid plexus papilloma. C. Metastatic carcinoma. D. Melanoma. E. Lymphoma. 3Final Written Exam._Neurosurg. 60. In immunohystochemistry diagnosis of brain tumors: S-100 protein is Positive in all of the following EXCEPT: A. Astrocytoma, B. Melanoma. C. Lymphoma. D. Choroid plexus papilloma. E. Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis. 61. Tuberous sclerosis is associated with abnormality in chromosome : A3 B. 9. Cc. 14. D. 17. E. 22, 62. Fasciculations are not a feature of: ‘A. Myopathy. B. Motor neuron disease. C. Spinal tumors. D. Poliomyelitis. E, Peripheral nerve injury. 63. Among the following methods of measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) the one that provides study of regional flow and metabolism is: A. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) using Xe inhalation. B. Positron emission tomography (PET) C. Pulsed doppler. D. CT-lodine transit. E. MR spectroscopy (MRS). 64. In addition to the spinal cord, the foramen magnum transmits: A. Vertebral arteries. B. sympathetic trunk. C. Jugular veins. D. hypoglossal nerve, E. Vagus nerve. 14Final Written Exam._Neurosurg. Pit_Nov. 2014 __AaAr——— 65. True Romberg's sign is characteristic of: A. Posterior column lesions. B. Midline cerebellar lesion. C. Cerebellar hemisphere lesion. D. Unilateral vestibular lesion. E. Fleshsig and Gower’s fasciculus 66. The following are normal reflexes in the adult EXCEPT: ‘The Cremasteric reflex. ‘The Superficial anal reflex. The Bulbocavernosus reflex. The Grasp reflex. The Planter reflex. POOP 67. Catecholamine production can occur in which of the following tumors? Choriocarcinoma. Glomus jugular tumors. Oligodendrogliomas. Pineocytomas. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. poop 68. Hydrocephalus is not usually associated with raised intracranial pressure due to: A. Craniopharyngioma. B. Posterior fossa tumor. C. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. D. Extensive venous sinus thrombosis. E. Pineal tumor. 69. Sacrococcygeal teratoma: A. Is abenign lesion of developmental origin. B. Is overwhelmingly more common in males. C. Is commonly associated with congenital anomalies as dysraphism and hydrocephalus. D. Should be treated in the newbom period by total excision of the tumor and the coceyx. E, Allof the above. 15Final Written Exam. Neurosurg. Pll _Nov. 2014 70. The clinical features of Chiari II malformation in an infant include all the following EXCEPT: A. Inspiratory stridor and episodic apnoea. . Nystagmus. . Weak or absent cry. Fixed retrocollis. Fits. moo 71. In brain abscess delayed, imperfect or aborted capsule formation have been noticed in association with: A. Abscesses associated with penetrating injuries. B. Anaerobic bacteria, C. Fungal Infections. D. Corticosteroid therapy. E. All ofthe above. 72. In extra dural abscess: A. Trauma and surgery are common causes. B. The most common organism isolated is Haemophilus Influenzae. C. Most of the patients present with fulminating picture, and are toxic, with high fever and distinct nuchal rigidity. D. Seizures are common. E. Allof the above. 73. In spinal extradural abscess, the following are true EXCEPT: A. Itis less common than subdural abscess B. Itmay extend over several segments of the spinal dura. C. The most important and constant clinical feature is localized pain and tenderness. D. Thrombophiebitis and vascular infarction of the spinal cord are important features of the pathophysiological process. E, Surgical decompression and drainage with antibiotics is the standard treatment. 74. In Herpes simplex virus infection in infants (HSV): A. The infection is usually acquired several days after delivery. B. The infection is clinically limited to the skin in most cases C. Vesicular rash is the presenting feature in almost all cases. D. C.NS. involvement (encephalitis) carries high mortality. E, Allof the above.Final Written Exam._Neurosurg. Pll_Nov. 2014 75. Serious hepatotoxicity is more likely a complication of treatment with: A. Ethosuximide (Zarontin). B. Phenobarbital. C. Phenytoin (Epanutin). D. Primidone (Mysoline). E. Valproic acid (Depakene). 76. In the lateral recess syndrome: .. Young patients are more commonly affected. The most common cause is congenital deformity of the spinal canal. Radicular pain occurs chiefly on sitting, and is usually relieved by standing and walking. ). The straight leg raising test is characteristically negative. . All of the above. ro OPP 77. The most common presenting symptom of a thoracic disc herniation is: A. Back pain. B. Legnumbness. C. Leg weakness. D. Thoracic numbness. E. Urinary incontinence. 78. In Gamma Knife surgery the following are true EXCEPT: A. Itisa stereotactic image guided and computer controlled procedure. B. The source of Energy is Cobalt60. C. Ithas been used in the treatment of vascular lesions of the brain. D. In brain tumors it has only been successfully used in malignant lesions. E. Itis effective in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. 79. Tumors of the foramen magnum can be associated with all the following EXCEPT: ‘A. Disproportionate loss of position and vibration sense in the upper as compared with the lower limbs. B, Nystagmus. C. Hydrocephalus. D. Atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the hands. E. Pain and sensory loss over the occipital region. 7Final Written Exam._Neurosurg. Nov. 2014 80. In spinal meningiomas the following are true EXCEPT: A. More common in females, B. Mostly affect the cervical spine. C. Can be Dumbbell shaped. D. Are commonly psammomatous. E, When extradural tend to be aggressive. 81. In growing skull fractures, all of the following are true EXCEPT: A. Can cross suture lines B. Is usually associated with underlying brain injury and dural laceration. C. Occur if the edges of the initial fracture are ‘separated by more than 3 mm. D. Occur most commonly in the parictal bone E. Occur most commonly in the three- to five-years old children 82. Neuroblastoma A. Is the most common solid extra cranial tumor of childhood, B. Arises from elements of the sympathetic nervous system. C. May present as mediastinal tumor. D. In 60-70% of cases produces substances that can be detected in the serum or urine as catabolites of catecholamines. E. Allof the above. 83. Dermoid tumors: Are commoner than epidermoids. . More often are found in older patients than epidermoids. Grow more slowly than epidermoids. . Are found most often in the cerebellar midline, the cauda equina, the scalp, orbit and the paranasal sinuses. = pop> oustic schwannomas: . Characteristically arise in the cochlear division. . Usually present with facial palsy which is the most common initial symptom. . Radiosurgery can restore hearing. . All of the above, 84. Ac A. Are the commonest tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. B. c. D. E, 18Final Written Exam._Neurosurg. 85. One of the following arteries is a branch of the basilar artery: ‘A. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery. B. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery. C. Anterior spinal artery. D. Posterior spinal artery. E. Radicular arteries to the cervical part of the spinal cord 86. One of the following is not present in the interpeduncular fossa: ‘Tuber cinereum. Infundibulum of the pituitary gland. Manillary bodies. Posterior perforated substance. Trochlear nerve. 87. Regarding the CSF, one of the following is INCORRECT: The main volume is present in the ventricles of the brain. The choroid plexus is the main site of production. * The arachnoid villi and granulations are the main site of drainage Itrreaches the subarichnoid space through the 3 foramina of the fourth ventricle. The volume is around 125 ec myer F spore 88. The tract mediati the cerebellum unconscious proprioception from the upper limb to A. Gracile tract. B. Dorsal spinocerebellar tract. C. Ventral spinocerebellar tract. D. Cuneocerebellar tract. E. Lateral spinothalamic tract 89. The hypoglossal nerve: Carries taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue. Carries fibers from the2nd and 3rd cervical nerves. Emerges between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. . Supplies all the muscles of the tongue. Its lesion causes deviation of the protruded tongue to the same side as the lesion. FOO 19Final Written Exam. Neurosurg. 90. The color of the pituitary gland, intra operatively is : A. Yellow — orange B. White grey C. Red D, Red—grey E. White 91. These are the indications for transcranial approaches for pituitary tumours, EXCEPT: A. Dumbbell-shaped lesions with severe constriction at the diaphragma sellae B. Inaccessible suprasellar extension C. Lateral extension into the cavernous sinus D. Fibrous pituitary adenoma with large suprasellar extension E. Intrasphenoid septa 92. The angio MRI is always useful in one of these lesions: A. Colloid cyst B. Lateral ventricle ependymoma C. Parasagittal meningioma D. Rathke sac cyst E. Brainstem glioma 93. In Type 1 Occipital condyle fracture the following are true EXCEPT: A. Due to rotation and lateral flexion. B. It iscomminution of an occipital condyle without displacement C. Present as pain without deficit. D. Itisstable. E. A collar is an adequate treatment. 94. In hemangioblastomas the following are true EXCEPT: A. They may be part of a familial disorder transmitted as an autosomal dominant isorder. / . The majority occur in the posterior fossa. / Pil _Nov. 2014 . Cerebellar lesions are usually cystic while brain stem and supratentorial lesions B. c. are commonly solid. D. They are well circumscribed with a true capsule, E. They are all histologically benign. 20| Written Exam._Neurosure. ee eS 95. Which of the following cerebral metastases has the greatest tendency to Hemorrhage? 96. 98. A. Breast. B. Choriocarcinoma. C. Gl tract. D. EB. Lung. Prostate. In Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis the following are true EXCEPT: A B. Cc D. E Cancers of the breast, lung and leukemias are the most common causes. Headache, Gait disturbanse, craneal nerve abnormalities and incontinence are common features. C.S.F. cytology is negative in most caces. ). On CT and MRI enhancement of the affected subarachnoid spaces and basal cisterns is the most common radiological feature. Local paliative radiotherapy, and intrathecal chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. In low grade astrocytomas the most important prognostic factor associated with long survival is: PooOpP Young age. Gross total surgical removal. Lack of major pre-operative neurological deficit. Seizures as a presenting symptom. Long duration of symptoms prior to surgery. Genetic associations of cerebral saccular aneurysms include all the following EXCEPT: > B. S D. EB. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Tuberous sclerosis. Neurofibromatosis type I. Marfan syndrome. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type II and IV. anFinal Written Exam._Neurosurg. 99, 100. In the surgical treatment of internal carotid artery occlusive disease the following are true EXCEP A. Generally exiracranial stenosis is treated by endarterectomy and intracranial lesions by arterial bypass. 7 B, Endarterectomy Is indicated in all cases of TIAs with significant unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis or occlusion. - C. Intraoperative EEG is the most effective monitoring of intracranial Perfusion and possible ischemia. D. The mortality and morbidity in symptomatic patients is about 6%. - E, Endovascular angioplasty and stenting caries significantly lower mortality and morbidity. Alll the following are prion diseases that can affect humans EXCEPT: A. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. B. Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and Cc. Kuru. D. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, commonly known as mad cow disease). E. Scrapie GOOD LUCK