P2

LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN

1. Perhitungan Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas Dalam Bahan Baku

(𝑉. 𝑁)𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝑥 𝐵𝑀𝑀𝐽
% 𝐴𝐿𝐵 = 𝑥100%
𝑉𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙 𝑥 𝜌𝑀𝐽 𝑥 1000
𝑔𝑟
4,4 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,185 𝑁 𝑥 1067 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙
% 𝐴𝐿𝐵 = 𝑔𝑟 𝑥100%
10 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,9968 ⁄𝑚𝑙 𝑥 1000
% 𝐴𝐿𝐵 = 8,713%

% 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎 = 100% − % 𝐴𝐿𝐵

% 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎 = 100% − 8,713 %

% 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎 = 91,286 %

2. Perhitungan Konsentrasi Asam Lemak Bebas Awal

(𝑉. 𝑁)𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
𝐾𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝐴𝐿𝐵 =
𝑉𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙 𝑥 𝜌𝑀𝐽
4,4 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,185 𝑁
𝐾𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝐴𝐿𝐵 = 𝑔𝑟
10 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,9968 ⁄𝑚𝑙
𝐾𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝐴𝐿𝐵 = 0,08166 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑔𝑟
% 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑙 = 𝑥 𝐾𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝐴𝐿𝐵
% 𝐴𝐿𝐵
91,286 %
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑙 = 𝑥 0,08166 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑔𝑟
8,713 %
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑙 = 0,855 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑔𝑟

3. Perhitungan Asam Lemak Bebas Setelah Hidrolisa

(V.N)NaOH - (V.N)H2SO4
ALB sisa =
VSampel x ρMJ
1 (𝐴𝐿𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑎 − 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝐴𝐿𝐵)
𝑋𝐴 = 𝑥
3 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑙

 Variabel 1 (H2SO4 0,175 N)

𝑡 = 0 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
(23,7 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,185 𝑁) − (1,483 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,175 𝑁)
𝐴𝐿𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑎 = 𝑔𝑟
10 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,9968 ⁄𝑚𝑙
𝐴𝐿𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑎 = 0,4138 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑔𝑟
1
𝑥 (0,482 − 0,08166)
𝑋𝐴 = 3
0,855
𝑋𝐴 = 0,1560
C-1
 P2

V
Trigliserida Konsentrasi
Waktu titran ALB sisa
Awal ALB Awal Xa -ln(1- Xa)
(menit) NaOH (mmol/grMJ)
(mmol/grMJ) (mmol/grMJ)
(ml )
0,1294977503 0,1386849354
0 23,7 0,4138217295 0,855 0,08166
0,1345625832 0, 144520215
4 24,4 0,4268133026 0,855 0,08166
0,1374569429 0,14787021
8 24,8 0,4342370586 0,855 0,08166
0,13996276318 0,150779592
12 25,1 0,4398048756 0,855 0,08166
0,1461396985 0,15798768
16 26 0,4565083266 0,855 0,08166
0,1497575133 0,1622336917
20 26,5 0,4657880217 0,855 0,08166

 Variabel 2 (H2SO4 0,195 N)

𝑡 = 0 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡

(28,4 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,185 𝑁) − (1,6528 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,195 𝑁)

𝐴𝐿𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑠𝑎 = 𝑔𝑟
10 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,9968 ⁄𝑚𝑙
𝐴𝐿𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑠𝑎 = 0,4947 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑔𝑟
1
𝑥(0,495 − 0,08166)
𝑋𝐴 = 3
0,855
𝑋𝐴 = 0,1611

V titran Trigliserida Konsentrasi

Waktu ALB sisa
NaOH Awal ALB Awal Xa -ln (1-Xa)
(menit) (mmol/grMJ)
(ml) (mmol/grMJ) (mmol/grMJ)
0,161050141 0,1756043371
0,4947536116
0 28,4 0,855 0,08166
0,1719035854 0,1886256886
0,5225926966
4 29,9 0,855 0,08166
0,1820334669 0,2009338563
0,5485758427
8 31,3 0,855 0,08166
0,1914397855 0,2125001259
0,5727030498
12 32,6 0,855 0,08166
0,2022932299 0,2260142051
0,6005421348
16 34,1 0,855 0,08166
0,2102524226 0,2360419068
0,6209574639
20 35,2 0,855 0,08166

C-2
 P2

 Variabel 3 (H2SO4 0,2N)

𝑡 = 0 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
(37 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,185 𝑁) − (1,695 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,2 𝑁)
𝐴𝐿𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑎 = 𝑔𝑟
10 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0,9968 ⁄𝑚𝑙
𝐴𝐿𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑎 = 0,6526 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑔𝑟
1
𝑥(0,6526 − 0,0816)
𝑋𝐴 = 3
0,855
XA = 0,2262

V
Trigliserida Konsentrasi
Waktu titran ALB sisa
Awal ALB Awal Xa -ln ( 1-Xa)
(menit) NaOH (mmol/grM)
(mmol/grMJ) (mmol/grMJ)
(ml )
0,222623237 0,251830152
0 37 0,855 0,08166
0,652689
0,226241052 0,256494891
4 37,5 0,855 0,08166
0,661968
0,232029556 0,264004031
8 38,3 0,855 0,08166
0,676816
0,235647371 0,26872604
12 38,8 0,855 0,08166
0,686096
0,241435874 0,276327941
16 39,6 0,855 0,08166
0,700943
0,25011863 0,287840258
20 40,8 0,855 0,08166
0,723214

 Variabel 1 (H2SO4 0,175 N)

Waktu (x) -ln(1-XA) (y) (x)2 Xy

0 0,1386849354 0 0

4 0,144520215 16 0,57808086

8 0,14787021 64 1,18296168

12 0,150779592 144 1,809355104

16 0,15798768 256 2,52780288

20 0,1622336917 400 3,244673834

60 0,902076324 880 9,342874358

Σ

(6 𝑥 9,342874358) − (60 𝑥 0,902076324)

𝑘=𝑚=
(6 𝑥 880) − (60)2

𝑘 = 𝑚 = 0,01147

C-3
 P2

 Variabel 3 (H2SO4 0,2N)

Waktu (x) -ln(1-XA) (y) x2 Xy

0 0,251830152 0 0

4 0,256494891 16 1,025979563

8 0,264004031 64 2,112032245

12 0,26872604 144 3,224712474

16 0,276327941 256 4,421247056

20 0,287840258 400 5,756805163

Σ 60 1,605223312 880 16,5407765

(6 𝑥 16,5407765) − (60 𝑥 1,605223312)

k=m=
(6 𝑥 880) − (60)2

𝑘 = 𝑚 =0,001745

4. Perhitungan Nilai Kesetimbangan Reaksi

Perhitungan nilai K kesetimbangan menggunakan data tmaks yaitu pada t=20menit.
Dengan menggunakan persamaan :

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 [𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑘]3 [𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙]

=
𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎][𝑎𝑖𝑟]3

 Variabel 1 (H2SO4 0,175 N)

V air = 46,999 ml
𝜌 𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝑣 𝑎𝑖𝑟
mol air mula – mula =
𝐵𝑀 𝑎𝑖𝑟
gr
0,998 x 46,999 ml
ml
=
18 gr/mol

= 2,605 mol

Reaksi Hidolisis :

Trigliserida + 3 air ↔ 3 asam lemak + gliserol

Awal 0,855 2,605 0,08166
Reaksi 0,46578 1,39734 1,39734 0,46578
Sisa 0,38922 1,20766 1,479 0,46578
[1,479]3 [0,46578]
K=
[0,38922][1,20766]3

𝐾 = 2,1981

C-4
 P2

 Variabel 2 (H2SO4 0,195 N)

V air = 48,543 ml
𝜌 𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝑣 𝑎𝑖𝑟
mol air mula – mula =
𝐵𝑀 𝑎𝑖𝑟
gr
0,998 ml × 48,543 ml
=
18 gr/mol

= 2,6914 mol

Reaksi Hidolisis :

Trigliserida + 3 air ↔ 3 asam lemak + gliserol

Awal 0,855 2,6914 0,08166
Reaksi 0,62095 1,86285 1,86285 0,62095
Sisa 0,23405 0,82855 1,94451 0,62095

[1,94451]3 [0,62095]
K=
[0,23405][0,82855]3

𝐾 = 34,294

 Variabel 3 (H2SO4 0,2 N)

V air = 48,536 ml
𝜌 𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝑣 𝑎𝑖𝑟
mol air mula – mula =
𝐵𝑀 𝑎𝑖𝑟
gr
0,998 ml x 48,536 ml
=
18 gr/mol

= 2,6910 mol

Reaksi Hidolisis :

Trigliserida + 3 air ↔ 3 asam lemak + gliserol

Awal 0,855 2,6910 0,08166
Reaksi 0,723214 2,1696 2,1696 0,723214
Sisa 0,1317 0,5214 2,25126 0,723214
[2,25126]3 [0,723214]
K=
[0,1317][0,5214]3

𝐾 = 442,023

5. Perhitungan Nilai K Teoritis

Data entalpi pembentukan dan energi Gibbs reaktan dan produk (Mahani, 2008):
∆𝐺𝑓 𝐶3 𝐻5 (𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅)3 (𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎) = -84,842 kal/gmol

C-5
 P2

∆𝐺𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂 (𝐴𝑖𝑟) = -59,690 kal/gmol

∆𝐺𝑓 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 (𝐴𝑠𝑎𝑚 𝐿𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑘) = -90,098 kal/gmol
∆𝐺𝑓 𝐶3 𝐻5 (𝑂𝐻)3 (𝐺𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙) = -113,650 kal/gmol
∆𝐻𝑓 𝐶3 𝐻5 (𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅)3 (𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎) = -382,456 kal/gmol
∆𝐻𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂 (𝐴𝑖𝑟) = -68,317 kal/gmol
∆𝐻𝑓 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 (𝐴𝑠𝑎𝑚 𝐿𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑘) = -138,642 kal/gmol
∆𝐻𝑓 𝐶3 𝐻5 (𝑂𝐻)3 (𝐺𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙) = -159,10 kal/gmol

∆𝐺 = ∆𝐺𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘 − ∆𝐺𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑎𝑛

∆𝐺 = [∆𝐺𝑓 𝐶3 𝐻5 (𝑂𝐻)3 + 3∆𝐺𝑓 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻] − [∆𝐺𝑓 𝐶3 𝐻5 (𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅)3 + 3∆𝐺𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂]

𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑎𝑙
∆𝐺 = [−113,650 + 3(−90,098) ] − [−84,842 + 3(−59,690)]
𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑘𝑎𝑙
∆𝐺 = −120032
𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙

∆𝐻 = ∆𝐻𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘 − ∆𝐻𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑎𝑛

∆𝐻 = [∆𝐻𝑓 𝐶3 𝐻5 (𝑂𝐻)3 + 3∆𝐻𝑓 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻] − [∆𝐻𝑓 𝐶3 𝐻5 (𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅)3 + 3∆𝐻𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂]
𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑎𝑙
∆𝐻 = [−159,1 + 3(−138,642) ] − [−382,456 + 3(−68,317)]
𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑘𝑎𝑙
∆𝐻 = −171321,9
𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙

Menghitung nilai K pada suhu 298oK

K298 = exp-ΔG/RT
K298 = exp-(-120,032)/1,987x298
K298 = 1,2247
𝐾 −∆𝐻 1 1
ln = [ − ]
𝐾298 𝑅 𝑇 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 298

Menghitung nilai K pada suhu 80oC (378oK)

𝐾 171321,9 1 1
ln = [ − ]
1,2247 1,987 378 298
𝐾 = 4,807085 𝑥 1026

C-6