IS : 4453 - 1980

( Reaffirmed 1997 )
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION BY PITS,
TRENCHES, DRIFTS AND SHAFTS

( First Revision )

First Reprint MAY 1990

UDC 622.142:006.76

(E) Copyright 1980

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC
NEW DELHI 110002 .

Cr5 November 1980

_ ‘.
-.
 IS : 4453 - 1980

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION BY PITS,
TRENCHES, DRIFTS AND SHAFTS

( First Revision )
Subsurface Exploration Sectional Committee, BDC ‘49

Chairman Representing
SHRI V. S. KRISHNA~WAMT Geological Survey of India, Calcutta

Members
SHRI G. PaxT ( Alternate to
Shri V. S. Krishnaswamy )
SRRI P. A. BAESHI Cementation Co Ltd, Bombay.
SHRI H. CHANDRASEKAR Public Works & Electrical Department,
Government of Karnataka, Bangalore
SHRI K. N. DADIN- In personal capacity ( P-820, Block P, IVew A&we,
Calcutta )
SHRI K. R. DATYE In personal capacity (Rehem Mansion X 44,
S. Bhagat Singh Road, Colaba? Bombay )
DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER,
CHENAB INVESTIOATIOX
CIRCLE ( Alternate )
SKRI V. L. GORIANI Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Bombay
SHRI V. GUPTA (Alternate )
SHRI HARBANS SIN~H Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab,
Chandigarh
SHR~ S. R. BUDHWAL ( Alternate )
SHRI A. D. NARAIN Ministry of Shipping and Transport, New Delhi
SHRI A. M. NERURRAR Asia Foundation & Construction (Pvt ) Ltd,
Bombav,
SHRI A. N. JANGLE (Alternate )
SHRI B. K. PANTHARY Hindustan Construction Ce Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. K. FOTEDAR ( Alternate )
SHRI N. K. PILLAI Voltas Ltd, Bombay
SHRI A. N. INDURKAR ( Alternate )

( Continued on page 2 )

0 Copyright 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian CopVright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS:4453 -1980

hlembers liepresenting
RESEARCH OFFIOER, MERI, NAME Irrigation Department, Government of
Maharashtra. Bombav
SlrltI s. ~ATAPATIII Irrigation and Power Department, Government
of Orissa, Bhubaneshwar
SYRI K. R. SAXENA Engineering -Research Laboratories., Hyderabad
SFINID. P. SE.NoVl’T.(. Cent;Jor%i;lding Research Institute ( CSIR),

Public Works Department, Government of

S TPERINTl7YDINo ENGINEER
( GEOLOC:Y) ( Alternntc )
Sanr M. K. SINOHAT.
SIiRI VIJENT)RA SINCUi
SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA,
Director ( Civ Engg )
Gujarat, Gandhinagar
Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee
Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar
Pradesh, Lucknow
Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o@io Member )

Secretary
SHRI K. K. SHARMA
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1
 IS:4453-1980

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION BY PITS,
TRENCHES, DRIFTS AND SHAFTS

( First Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 2 April 1980, after the draft finalized by the
Subsurface Exploration Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 This standard was first published in 1967. The present revision has
been made to refle t the experience gained on the subject since then.
Some of the important modifications made in this revision relate to
addition of provisions about preserving the natural moisture content of
the sample, adequate lighting in the drifts and necessity for carrying out
three-dimensional logging for test pits. Figure 3 has been revised to in-
clude modified trenching layout. Appendix A has been modified by
including additional information about material of size 0 to 75 mm and
location of in situ tests.
0.3 Open test pits, trenches, drifts and shafts are features accessible for
visual examination in subsurface exploration and afford the most
complete information on the ground penetrated. Locations of pits;
trenches, drifts and shafts should preferably be decided in consultation
with an engineering geologist. Knowledge of the nature, structure and
composition of the strata encountered is obtained by inspection of the
materials in place. They are useful features for foundation exploration
wherever the depth of overburden and ground water conditions permit.
In situ tests can also be easily carried out in them.
0.4 For exploring foundations for dams and prospecting for embankment
material or concrete aggregates, open pits and trenches are almost
universally employed to obtain the required information. They enable
selective and controlled sampling for laboratory tests and classification of
the excavated material.
0.5 Drifts are normally employed to explore, at depth, in the hill-sides
the continuity, nature and structure of particular geological formations.

3
 IS : 4453 - 1980

They are most frequently used for establishing the minimum excavation
limits to reach fresh and sound rock and the investigation of fault or
shear zones as well as other zones of weakness and buried channels in the
river section. Drifts are specially useful for taking undisturbed samples
for tests in the laboratory and for performing in situ tests, like the plate
bearing test, the jack test and shear test, to determine the modulus of
elasticity, stress distribution and deformation characteristics of the
formations encountered.

0.6 Shafts are normally employed to reach either a particular formation

at a great depth ( exceeding about 6 m ) or to extend the exploration
below river bed by means of tunnels.

0.7 In the formulation of this standard, due weightage has been given
to international co-ordination among the standards and practices
prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices
followed in the field in this country. This has been met by deriving
assistance from the following publications:
UNITEDSTATES.DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR,BUREAUor RECLAMATION.
Design of small dams, 1973. United States Printing Office,
Washington.
UNITEDSTATES.DEPARTMENT OFINTERIOR,BUREA~JOFRECLAMATION.
Earth Manual, 1974. Ed 2. United States Printing Office,
Washington.

0.8 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this

standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded
offvalue should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard lays down the method for subsurface exploration by
means of pits, trenches, drifts and shafts.

2. EXPLORATION BY TEST PITS

2.1 Pits.aredug manually but mechanical equipment may also be used
for the purpose up to shallow depths. The depth of the pit should be
according to the requirements of investigation and is generally limited to
a few metres below the ground water table. For carrying out excavation

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

4
 IS:4453-1980

safely reference may be made to IS : 3764-1966*. In dry ground,

pits are economical in comparison to bore holes up to a depth of about
5 m depending upon the location. AS the depth increases, the cost of
excavating a pit increases very rapidly and it is seldom that .unsupported
pits are dug to a depth exceeding 6 m except in the case of hard soils.
The top of a pit should be kept large enough so that the dimensions of
the pit at the bottom may be at least l-2 x 1.2 m which are sufficient to
provide necessary working space. Additional space for sheeting and
timber supports, hoisting arrangements and ladder, etc, should be
provided.
NOTE - Economic& safety, etc, should be taken into consideration while
deciding the suitable side slopes to be provided for trenches and pits.

2.2 For deep pits in soil, the walls shall be supported by timber.
Typical sheeting and bracing to be adopted in such cases is shown in
Fig. 1. Instead of sheeting and bracing, cribbing with 75 x 150 mm
timber may be used and the arrangement is shown in Fig. 2. In loose
materials, it is advisable to keep the space between the pit walls and
the cribbing at a minimum and also to pack the space with hay or wood
shavings, and to keep the bottom of cribbing close to the bottom of the
pit. The material from such pits is removed by buckets operated from
a hoist or windlass which should be equipped with a ratchet device for
safety. During excavation, the bottom *of the pit should be kept fairly
level and of full section so that each lift may represent the corresponding
portion of the deposit in quality and quantity. The excavated material
should be placed round the pits as stockpiles, separated when significantly
different materials are encountered, and marked stakes should be driven
into the stockpiles to indicate the depth from which the materials were
excavated in order to facilitate logging and sampling later on. The
excavated material should be placed round the pits in the manner. it is
received from the excavation, preferably in a clockwise direction. The
deposits of excavated material from the pit at every change in strata
should be dumped separately in the manner described above. Samples
from these deposits should be taken as soon as material comes out of the
pits and the natural water content of the excavated material determined.

2.3 Deep test pits should be ventilated to prevent accumulation of dead

air. For this purpose connected lengths of pipe starting slightly above
the floor and extending about one metre above the mouth of the pit have
been found satisfactory. Canvas sheeting may also be used to deflect
wind into the pit. ,When there is likelihood of the presence of obnoxious
gases, special precautions shall be taken for ventilating the pit (see
IS : 3764-1966* ). To preverit accummulation of dead air, forced
ventilation may be necessary.

*Safety code for excavation work.

5
IS :4453.-1980

ORIGINAL GROUNG
SECTON XX SURFACE
7

FIG. 1 TYPICAL TEST PIT SHOWING ARRANGEMENTOF SHEETING

AND BRACING ( ILLUSTRATIVESKETCH)

6
 IS:4453-1980

7.51150 ROUGH FIR OR IN”

SUITABLE WOOD

DETAIL, OF CRIBBING

NOTE 1 -Space between cribbing and test pit walls to be backfilled with
excelsior/hay/non-cohesive soil when exploring loose ground.
NOTE 2 - The crib.need not always be blind. Wherever strata permits alternate
blanks may be left ‘or trellies arrangement may be used.

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 2 TYPICAL TEST PIT CRIBBING

( ILLUSTRATIVE SKETCH )

2.4 Test pits left open for inspection shall be provided with covers or
barricades for safety. Pits and trenches shall be suitably fenced.
Trenches and pits should be filled back properly when exploration
and physical inspections are completed and the relevant records have
been obtained.

2.5 When water is encountered in a pit, a suitable dewatering system

may be required for further progress. Where suction pumps are used
it is desirable that the suction hose be 10 mm larger in diameter than
the discharge opening of the pump and the suction head not more than
4.5 m. This requires resetting the pump in the pit (on a frame

7
 IS : 4453 - 1980

attached to the cribbing) at intervals of about 3.5 m. When an internal

combustion engine is used in the pit, it would be necessary to lead the
exhaust gases well away from the pit.

2.6 Undisturbed samples may be obtained from open pits from each
stratllm if the nature of the deposit permits. For this purpose, a pillar of
suitable dimensions, say, 40 x 40 cm should be left undisturbed at the
centre of the pit to collect undisturbed samples of required size from
each layer showing a change of formation. If the thickness of each layer
exceeds 2 111,a second sample may be taken. These undisturbed samples
will be useful for the determination of several characteristics of the
i,l .Glll materials. Special care shall he taken to preserve the natural
moisture content of the samples.

3. EXPLORATION BY TRENCHES

3.1 Trenches are similar to test pits in all respects, except that they are
continuous over a length and provide a continuous exposure of the surface
along a desired line or section. They are best suited for exploration on
slopes.

3.2 The field work consists of excavating an open trench from the top to
the bottom of the slope to reach representative undisturbed material.
Either a single slot trench down the face of the slope or a series of short
trenches spaced at appropriate intervals along the slope may be excavated.
Depending on the extent of the investigation required, use may be made
of picks and shovels, bulldozers, ditching. machines, back hoes or
dragline. A trenching layout suitable for materials investigations is
shown in Fig. 3.

3.3 Safety precautions shall be taken as in the case of deep test pits to
prevent accidents caused by caving ground ( see IS : 3764-1966” and
NOTEzlnder 2.1 ).

3.4 All the instructions for pits given in 2 shall apply to trenches.

4. EXPLORATION BY DRIFTS OR TUNNELS

4.1 Drifts or tunnels are generally provided with a low outward slope
of the floor .so as to be self-draining. A rectangular section with
minimum clear dimensions of 1.5 m width and 2 m height is adopted in
hard rock. In soft rock, however, it will be advantageous to provide an
arched roof with the dimensions as above.

*Safety code for excavation work.

8
 ORIGINAL GltOUND SURFACE
SIZE AND NUMBER OF SAMPLES TO SUIT
THE PURPOSE OF’ INVESTIGATION

CHANGE OF STRATA

SIDE SLOPE TO SUIT

THE MAT ERIAI, AND
DEPTH OF EXCAVATION
3A HORIZONTAL OR MILDLY
SLOPING GROUND

THE METHODOF EXCAVATION

SECTION XX

BOTTOM OF
THE TRENCH

36 SiEEPLY SLOPING GROUND

FIG. 3 TYPICAL TRENCHING LAYOUT ( ILLUSTRATIVE)
IS : 4453 - 1980

4.2 The roof and the sides are supported wherever the ground is unable
to stand. A typical method of supporting weak zones is shown in
Fig. 4. The size and spacing of the supports will depend on the
character of the formation and the spacing and attitude of joints therein.
Wherever blocky and hard rock is to be tunneled through, it may be
advantageous to use rock bolts to’ hold together the jointed blocks of
rock. A typical method of rock-bolting is illustrated in Fig. 5.

4.3 Excavation of exploratory drifts in rock is often a slow and expensive

process. Consequently, this type of investigation is utilized only on major
projects and when no other method provides the required information.

4.4 Ventilation by air from a compressor or a blower depending on the

length of’the drift may be resorted to for removing pockets of foul air or
blast gases when explosives are used.

4.5 Adequate lighting arrangement shall be provided for proper

examination and recording of data in drifts or tunnels.

5. EXPLORATION BY SHAFTS

5.1 Shafts may be rectangular or circular in section depending upon the

ease of construction and should have minimum dimension of 2.4 x 2.4 m
or of 2.4 m diameter in case of circular section, to provide space for
movement of men, equipment and other accessories.

L OVER mEAx owl 1 looxzloo

FIG. 4 TYPICAL METHOD OF SWPPORTINGWEAK ZONES IN DRIFT-

WOODEN SCAFFOLDINGFOR THE DRIFT

10
 IS:4453-1980

DEAERATION PIPE

LOCAL EXCAVATION
FOR PIPE

All dimensions in millimrtrcs.

FIG. 5 DETAILS ,OF ROCK BOLT

5.2 In hand dug shafts, the materials are removed by buckets operated by
hoists or windlass which should be equipped with a ratchet device for
safety.
5.3 Deep shafts shall be ventilated to prevent accummulation of dead air
or blast gases when explosives are used. For this purpose, connected
lengths of stove pipe starting slightly above the floor and extending. one
metre into open air above the mouth of the shaft have been found
satisfactory. Air from a compressor or blower may also be used.
5.4 When water is encountered, a pumping system should be used to
enable further progress. Electrical pumps should be preferred to ones
with internal combustion engines to avoid pollution of air; otherwise it
would be necessary to lead the exhaust gases well above the mouth of
the shaft.

I1
IS:4453- 1980

5.5 In weak and caving ground, the sides of the shafts shall be supported
to prevent accidents. The spacing and the size of the support will
depend on the nature of the strata.

5.6 Shafts left open for inspection shall be provided with covers, grills or
barricades for safety.

6. RECORDING OF INFORMATION
6.1 Besides proper supervision of the work, careful and systematic records
should be kept. Inaccurate observation and incomplete records may
result in serious errors of geological correlation of formations and
ineffective expenditure of time and money.

6.2 Test Pits-A recommended proforma for the recording of

information obtained from trial pits is given in Appendix A. In some
cases, where the strata are irregular in shape, it may be necessary to carry
out three-dimensional logging in the same manner as provided for shafts
( see 6.4).

6.3 Drifts - Logging and sampling of exploratory drifts should proceed

concurrently with the operation of excavation, wherever possible. The
drifts should be mapped showing the geological formations indicating
extent of weathering and structural features, such as the direction and
magnitiude of dip, extent and attitude of fault or shear zones and clay
seams. A typical mapping of a drift for a geologically simple environment
is given in Fig. 6. For a complex geological environment and for major
projects, a three-dimensional log, a typical example of which is given
in Fig. 7, may be plotted. For preparing a three-dimensional log of
a rectangular exploratory drift, the perimeter of the rectangular
section is assumed to be opened out along the midd!e of the ceiling
of the drift ( crown ) and spread in a horizontal plane along the
floor of the drift SO that the length of the diagram represents the length of
the drift to a suitable scale and the width of the diagram represents the
perimeter to the same or other convenient scale. The boundaries of
geological units and weaker zones and the trend of other geological
features like joints should be recorded in the spread out section of the
drift. This recording should be done by measuring the distance of any
particular geological feature at the junction of the half-crown and the
wall, the spring line ( mid-point-line of the wall ) and at the junction of
the wall with the floor of the. drift. Before logging, the distances are
usually marked along the spring line (or centre line ) of the drift, from
a reference point which is usually taken at the portal of the drift, or at the
starting point of the open-out section of the drift, if any. The log of the
drift thus obtained on a spread out section is folded back ( to the original
rectangular shape of the drift) to give a three-dimensional model of the
drift, showing the actual disposition of the geological features.

12
 IS :4453- 1980

REDUCE0 DISTANCE IN METRES

CLAY FILLEO JOINT fza HIGHLY BLOCKY LIME STONE

4z.i

SHEAR ZONE ssi THtNLV BEOOEO SLATES

m

MASSIVE LME STONE m SILICEOUS SLATES

4izsl

1. At RD ......................... m dipping.. ...................... due.. ......................

2. ;Zt RD .......................... m dipping ........................ due ........................

3. At RD.. ......................... m dipping ....................... due........................

4. At RD.. ...................... m dipping.. ..................... cltlr.. ......................

.JOIXTS :

1. Joint at RD ...................... m dipping.. ...................... due.. ....................

2. Joint at RD .................... m dipping.. .................... due.........................
3. .Joint at RD ..................... m dipping.. ..................... due.. ......................

RD =‘Reducrd distance.

Nwrl~: 1 - The gaps should be suitably filled in giving information about drift.

NOTE 2 -For purpose of representation a uniform height of drift should be

assum cd.

NOTE 3-The wall of the drift which the geological cross-section rcpr6sents
should be specified.

NOTE 4 - The horizontal and vertical scales used should he specifie’d.

FIG. 6 A TYPICAL GEOLOGICALCROSS-SECTION OF I&E WALL

OF A DRIFT IN A GEOLOGICALLYSIMPLEENVIRBHMENT

13
 IS : 4453 - 1980

LEF?
-N 2iE s 21-w-
PEasLy
SW
I
/-D-OPEN cuf--j
___-__
l/2

c t

112
---se-

t I-- OPEN CUT -JRIGHT

-TIMBER SUPPORT -

SCALE
012345
I 8 * 8 1 I
METRES
.:.;:; _..::
,‘.. z’,‘: ,: SAND ROCK 2 5LIP PLANE
cl

Jt JOINT PLANE _$_ SPRING LINE

FIG. 7 TYPICAL EXAMPLEOF A THREE-DIMENSIONALLOG OF

EXPLORATORYDRIFT

6.4 Shafts - The shafts are mapped in the same way as drifts giving the
type of rocks encountered at various elevations, direction and magnitude
of dip, extent and attitude of fault or shear zones, clay seems, etc. For
minor pfojects and geologically simple formations, a one-meter strip log
of the wall of the shaft may be adequate. For major projects and in
geologically complicated formations, a three-dimensional log is advisable.
For preparing a three-dimensional log of a circular shaft, the depths
should be marked from the ground level downwards, along four lines
( shown for one line in Fig. 8 ); the north-south ( or upstream-downstream )
and east-west ( or right-left ) diameters of the shaft. The perimeter of
the shaft on any suitable scale should be taken to have been spread out
in the vertical plane parallel to the east-west ( or right-left ) diameter of
the shaft and passing through the south ( or downstream ) edge of the
shaft, half of the spread out section lying to the east ( or right ) side and
the remaining half to the west ( or left, side. The intercepts of the
various geological features on the four reference lines should be recorded
dn the spread-out log. When this log is folded back to the circular shape,
a three-dimensional model of the exploratory shaft is obtained, showing
the actual disposition ‘of the geological features. A typical example of
the plot of a three-dimensional log foi circular shaft is given in Fig. 8.

14
 IS : 4453 - 1980

INDEX
(.;::p~:<: Quartzite ( White )
SL Quartzitic Shale ( Thickly Bedded)
=& Thinly Bedded Slate
H
F-l, F-2, etc, indicate faults.
Q-1, 4-2, etc, indicate quartzite ( white ).
SL-I, SL-2, etc, indicate quartzitic shale.
NOTE-NO groundwater was encountered in the shaft up to the depth
illustrated.
FIG. 8 A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL LOG OF A SHAFT
IS : 4453 - 1980

6.5 Plans and sections illustrating exploratory features should generally

be drawn to the scale of 1 : 1000. Geological logs should be drawn to
1 : 100 scale. The information given in 6.5.1 and 6.5.2 should also be
recorded.

6.5.1 General

4 Organization responsible for the work.

b) Location on map - If a co-ordinate system has been established,

the location should be given by co-ordinates casting--or northing
or chain stations. The location shall be defined by the nvber
of the exploratory feature, its co-ordinates and elevation. ‘%Q
t’he case of drifts, direction should also be mentioned. At the ’
site a permanent pillar should be erected at the portals of drifts
and near the mouths of pits with the grid co-ordinate lines and
number inscribed thereon.

4 Elevation of ground surface OY other reference point - The elevation of

the ground surface and of the bottom or end of excavation,
along with intermediate elevations and corresponding depths
from the top or start of the excavation should be indicated at
all points of change of formation, to demarcate the boundaries
of different types of materials penetrated.

4 Dates of starting and completing the work.

4 Name of person responsible for the preparation of plans and

sections with signature.

f) Scales of plans or sections in linear representation.

d On plans, the north point, either true or magnetic, should be
clearly marked.

6.5.2 Geotechnical Details

a>Soil cir rock type should be recorded giving brief but complete
description of the nature and condition of the materials
penetrated. Different formations and their physical condition
should be shown by appropriate symbols or colours.

b) Position and ‘attitude of contacts, faults, joints, shear ‘zones and

clay seams.

4 Infrows of water and ground water Juctuations - Records should be

kept showing the elevation and fluctuations in ground-water
level, water inflows during excavation or any other information
bearing on the ground-water conditions, such as pumping.
Record of percolation tests, if carried out, should be given.

16
l
 IS : 4453- 1980

d) Record of material collected for testing - The point from which

samples were taken, date and methods of sampling, purpose of
sampling and by whom taken should be recorded. Sufficient
jnformation should be given on the samples to permit their ready
identification at a future date. The name of project, dam site
pit or drift number, date, depth and other pertinent information
should be indicated. Each sample bag or Container should be
provided with. two tag cards showing these particulars. O.ne
tag should be put inside and the other outside the bag or
container.

17
 APPENDIX A m
..
( Clause 6.2) t
?a
LOG OF TEST PIT FOR BORROW AND FOUNDATION INVESTIGATIONS I
Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Project.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Test pit No.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5t
8
Area designation.. . . . . . . . . . .Co-ordinates.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ground elevation . . . . . . . . . Depth to ground water level*... -

Method of excavation . . . . . . Approximate dimensions of hole.. . . . .Dates of excavation.. . . . .Hole logged by.. . . . .

Classification Depth Size ant tClassificatior 7olume Weight Perccn-, Weight Percen- Weight Perccn- Loca-
Symbol (m) rype 01 and Drscrip- df of tage by of tage by of tage by tion of
r-- Sample tion of Mate- Hole 0 to 75
I Volume I 75 to 125 Volume Plus Volume in situ
Letter/Graphic Taken rial ( Give S”;FJ- of of 125 mm of Plus Tests
Geological MZEial O-to 75 MZEial 75 to 125 Ma;;rial 125 mm
and In-place (ms) in Material:
gescription SaZple hZZ- Sample MzeTialJ Sample
ror Founda- (kg) rial 1: (kg) (kg)
tion Investi
gation )

Remarks3

*Record after water has reached its natural level.

tThis may be done as given in 1s : 1498-1970 ‘ Classification and identification of soils for general engineering purposes
(first f&riofI ) ’ .
t ( Weight of rock sampled x 100 )
( Bulk specified gravity of rock ) x ( Volume of hole sampled ) l

8Record water test and density test data, if applicable, and also bulk specific gravity stating how obtained ( measured or.
estimated ) under remarks.
 j..bJREAU
i’,,. e.: OF INDIAN STANDARDS
.I
jHea’dqu8rters:
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.1’7ele@ones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 ’ Telegrams: Mariaksanstha
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NEW DELHI 110002 331 1375
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tianiktpla. CALCUTTA 700054
Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, 2 18 43
CHANDIGARH 160036 I 3 16 41
41 24 42
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T.C. No. 14/l 421. University P.O.. Palayam 16 21 04
TRIVANDRUM 695035 16 21 17
lnspecrion Offices ( With Sale Point ):
Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71
Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010
Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji ‘Nagar, 5 24 35
PUNE 411005

*Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhea Approach, P. Q. Princap 27 68 00

Street. Calcutta 700072
tSales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road. 89 66 28
Bombay 400007
$Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, 22 36 71
Bangalore 560002
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

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