Math Reviewer 2 Answers Key

1. Set M = {perfect squares ≤ 400} Solution:

Set N = {even numbers ≤ 400}
Since we have 30% and 90% on the two sets, that means the intersection is (30% + 90%) – 100%, or 20%
Find the cardinality of X∩Y.
of the population.
A. 4 B. 6
20% of 500 is 100.
C. 8 D. 10
5. Find the value of x: 2 √3𝑥 + 1 -2 = 8
Solution:
A. 5 B. 8
The cardinality of X∩Y refers to the number of elements in the intersection of X and Y.
C. 10 D. 24
Always remember: ∩ looks like n, for n-tersection.
Solution:
∪ looks like u, for u-nion.
Intersection refers to the common elements, while union refers to the totality of elements in both 2√3𝑥 + 1 = 10
sets. √3𝑥 + 1 = 5; square both sides of the equation
2
X∩Y therefore refers to the EVEN PERFECT SQUARES below 400. Since 400 is 20 , then we 3x + 1 = 25
only have 20/2 or 10 even perfect squares.
3x = 24; .: x = 8
2. (3-2 + 3-1) ÷ 3-3 = ___
6. The lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 4 and 9. What must be the length of the third side?
A. 3 B. 6
A. 4 B. 5
C. 9 D. 12
C. 7 D. 9
Solution:
Solution:
1 1 1 1+3 1
(3-2 + 3-1) ÷ 3-3 = ( 2 + )÷ = ÷
3 3 33 9 27 An isosceles triangle has two congruent sides, so that means the other side could only be either 4 or 9.
4 1 4(27) However, if we are going to pick 4, we cannot form a triangle (triangle inequality). Therefore, we can only
= ÷ = = 12
9 27 9 pick 9.
3. If the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a regular polygon is 900 o, how many sides 7. If A(x) is the inverse of B(x), then A[B(x)] is equal to
does the polygon have?
A. -1 B. 1
A. 7 B. 8
C. –x D. x
C. 9 D. 10
Solution:
Solution:
f-1(f(x)) = x
900 = 180(n-2)
Also, you can try a simple function such as
180(5) = 180(n-2) f(x) = 2x. Its inverse is f-1(x) = x/2. We can get
5 = n-2; n = 7 f-1(f(x)) = (2x)/2 = x.

4. All 500 boys in a school play basketball or volleyball or both. If 30% of the boys play volleyball 8. What is the sum of the largest and smallest angles of a quadrilateral whose angles are in the ratio of
and 90% play basketball, how many play both basketball and volleyball? 1:2:3:6?

A. 100 B. 150 A. 120 B. 150

C. 300 D. 400 C. 180 D. 210

Math Reviewer 2 Answers Key

9. For two positive integers x and y with x > y, which of the following is NOT true? Solution:
A. x + y > 0 I personally prefer using FCP (Fundamental Counting Principles) on this question.
B. x – y > 0 __ x __ x __ x __  4 digits
C. –x < -y 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 we have 5 choices for first digit, 4 for the next, and so forth since repetition is not allowed
D. 1/x > 1/y 14. Which of the following CANNOT be measures of the sides of a right triangle?
Solution: A. 5, 12, 13 B. 6, 8, 12
If you can’t recall the properties of inequalities, simply let your x and y assume values that fit into C. 7, 24, 25 D. 8, 15, 17
the definition. We can let x = 2 and y = 1 in this problem, and only D will give us a false statement.
Solution:
10. Victor’s first scores in his Math exams were 90, 92, 93 and 95. What must his score be in his
Just use the Pythagorean Theorem. Those who are familiar with the basic Pythagorean Triples already know
fifth exam in order for him to have an average score of 92?
that A, C and D are Pyth Triples and thus, form right triangles.
A. 90 B. 92
15. The sides of a triangle are 6 cm, 12 cm, and 15 cm. What is the perimeter of a similar triangle whose
C. 94 D. 96 longest side is 25 cm?
Solution: A. 35 cm B. 45 cm
5(92) – (90 + 92 + 93 + 95) = 90 C. 50 cm D. 55 cm
11. A flagpole 8 meters high casts a shadow 12 meters long while a nearby building casts a shadow Solution:
60 meters long. How high is the building?
Make proportions. 6:12:15 = _x_:_y_:25
A. 40 m B. 60 m
Solve for x and y, then find the perimeter.
C. 80 m D. 100 m
Alternative Solution:
Solution:
The ratio of the corresponding sides is also the ratio of the perimeters. Thus, 15:25 = (6+12+15):___
Make a proportion statement. Remember to use the same flow on your left and right ratios.
15:25 = 33:_n_
8:12 = __:60  Height:Shadow = Height:Shadow
15n = 25(33); n = 55
8(60) = 12n
16. In how many ways can 3 men and 3 women be seated in a row if each man and woman must alternate?
480 = 12n; n = 40
A. 9 B. 18
12. Evaluate: -1 – [(-1)3 – (-1)7 x (-1)8]2
C. 36 D. 72
A. -1 B. 0
Solution:
C. 1 D. 2
We can have a pattern of M W M W M W or
Solution: W M W M W M for this problem. We have 3x3x2x2x1x1 for the first pattern, and 3x3x2x2x1x1 for the
second pattern as well. 36 + 36 = 72
Just apply the laws of exponents and order of operations.
17. It takes 7 men to finish a job in 24 hrs. How long will it take 8 men to finish the same job?
13. How many 4-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1 to 5 if repetition is not allowed?
A. 21 hrs B. 27 hrs
A. 24 B. 48
C. 28 hrs D. 18 hrs
C. 96 D. 120
Math Reviewer 2 Answers Key

Solution: Solution:
This is an inverse (or sometimes, indirect in some books) proportion: more men translates to less Just use your calculator since SciCal is allowed.
time to finish the job and vice versa.
22. Which of the following is equal to -1?
7(24) = 8n; n = 21
A. cos 0o B. sin 180o
rd th th
18. The 3 term of an arithmetic progression is 12 and the 7 term is 40. What is the 9 term?
C. sec 0o D. tan 135o
A. 48 B. 50
Solution: Instead of recalling, just use your SciCal.
C. 42 D. 54
23. Diana averaged 91 on 5 of her exams. If she wants to have an average of 92, what score must she get on
Solution: her 6th exam?
𝐴𝑚 −𝐴𝑛 A. 95 B. 96
Find the common difference of the arithmetic progression first. Personally, I use for d.
𝑚−𝑛
40−12 C. 97 D. 98
That’s or 7 as d.
7−3
Solution: (New Ave)(New #) – (Old Ave)(Old #) = new score
A9 = A7+ (9-7)d = 40 + 2(7) = 54
6(92) – 5(91) = 97
19. What is the equation of the line passing through (5, 4) parallel to the line y = 1 – 2x?
24. Find the sum of the first 25 odd numbers.
A. x + 2y – 14 = 0
A. 50 B. 250
B. 2x + y – 14 = 0
C. 500 D. 625
C. x – 2y + 14 = 0
Solution: The sum of the first N odd numbers is given by N 2.
D. 2x – y + 14 = 0
252 = 625
Solution:
25. A boat can travel 10 km upstream in 5 hrs, and 10 km downstream in 2 hrs. What is the speed of the
We can rewrite y = 1 – 2x as 2x + y = 1. That means the parallel line is 2x + y + ___ = 0. boat on still water?
20. There are 10 points on the circumference of a circle. How many triangles can be drawn using A. 2.5 kph B. 3 kph
these points?
C. 3.5 kph D. 4 kph
A. 30 B. 60
Solution: Solve for the speed upstream (y) and downstream (x). The speed of the boat on still water is
C. 120 D. 240 (x+y)/2, and the speed of the current is (x-y)/2.
Solution: y = 10/5 = 2; x = 10/2 = 5
To draw triangles, you need 3 vertices. This question therefore is looking for 10C3 (that’s 10 combi (x+y)/2 = 7/2 = 3.5
3).
26. Solve for x:
21. What is tan 30o? 2x + 3y = 43
4x + 5y = 81
A. ½ B. √3
A. 14 B. 15
√3
C. D. 1
3 C. 16 D. 17
Math Reviewer 2 Answers Key

30. A bag was sold for P6,720 after a 20% mark-up. How much was the bag originally?
Solution:
A. P5600 B. P6000
(2x + 3y = 43)2 = 4x + 6y = 86
4x + 5y = 81 = 4x + 5y = 81 C. P6450 D. P5376

y=5 Solution: Since the bag received a 20% mark-up, then its price is 120% of the original price. Simply divide
P6720 by 1.2 to get the answer.
2x + 3y = 43
Alternative Orthodox Solution:
2x + 3(5) = 43
Selling Price = Original Price (1 + Mark Up Rate)
2x = 28; x = 14
6720 = OP (1.2)
27. Find the distance of a 30 cm chord from the center of a circle whose circumference is 34π cm.
6720/1.2 = OP
A. 6 cm B. 8 cm
5600 = OP
C. 10 cm D. 15 cm
31. Factorize 8x3 – 27y6.
Solution: Find the radius of the circle first. That’d be 17 cm.
A. (2x + 3y2) (4x2 + 6xy2 + 9y4)
B. (2x + 3y2) (4x2 - 6xy2 + 9y4)
C. (2x – 3y2) (4x2 + 6xy2 + 9y4)
D. (2x – 3y2) (4x2 – 6xy2 + 9y4)

Next, form a right triangle since the distance of the chord is perpendicular, and it Solution: Check your special products.
will bisect the said chord. The right triangle will have the radius as its hypotenuse and half the 32. The sum of two numbers is 45 and their product is 499. Find the sum of their squares.
chord as one leg. The other leg is the distance.
A. 1609 B. 1513
28. An inscribed angle intersects a semicircle. What is the measure of the inscribed angle?
C. 1028 D. 1027
A. 45o B. 90o
Solution: A+B = 45
C. 135o D. 180o
Squaring the above equation gives us
Solution: The inscribed angle always measures half of its intercepted arc. A semicircle is 180 o, so A2 + 2AB + B2 = 2025
the inscribed angle is 180/2 or 90o.
Since AB = 499, then A2 + 2(499) + B2 = 2025
29. Two chords of a circle intersect each other and form a 40 o angle. Which of the following could
be measures of their intercepted arcs? A2 + B2 = 2025 – 998 = 1027

A. 100o and 60o 33. The length of a rectangle is 7 more than thrice its width. If its perimeter is 102 cm, find its area.

B. 80o and 80o A. 370 cm2 B. 400 cm2

C. 100o and 20o C. 440 cm2 D. 490 cm2

D. 100o and 180o

Solution: Since the two chords form a 40o angle, then they must also form a 140o angle (in fact, tig-
dalawang 40o at 140o angles). That means their intercepted arcs must have a sum of either 80 or 280
(double of the measure of the angles). Only D has a sum of 280.
Math Reviewer 2 Answers Key

Solution:
37. Find the equation of the line parallel to
L = 3W + 7 4x – 3y = 5 passing through (1, 2).
P = 2 (L + W) = 2 (3W + 7 + W) A. 3x + 4y = -2
102 = 2 (4W + 7) B. 3x – 4y = -2
51 = 4W + 7; W = 11 C. 4x + 3y = -2
L =3(11) + 7 = 40 D. 4x – 3y = -2
.: Area = L W = 40(11) = 440 Solution: Copy the numerical coefficients of the original. That means the parallel line must also have
34. The difference of the squares of two consecutive numbers is 49. What is the smaller number? 4x – 3y = ___. Only D has 4x – 3y.
A. 23 B. 24 38. Find the vertex of y = 3x2 + 5x + 6
C. 25 D. 26 A. (-5/6, 47/12) B. (-5/6, 47/6)
Solution: The two numbers are (49±1)/2, or 25 and 24. C. (5/3, 47/12) D. (5/3, 47/6)
Alternative Orthodox Solution: Solution: The vertex (h,k) is computed as follows:
Let x = smaller number h = -b/2a = -5/2(3) = -5/6
x + 1 = next number k = c – b /4a
2
= 6 – 25/12 = (72-25)/12 = 47/12
(x+1)2 – x2 = 49 39. Find the sum of the roots of 3x2 + 18x – 42 = 0.
x2 + 2x + 1 – x2 = 49 A. 6 B. -6
2x + 1 = 49 C. -14 D. -3
2x = 48; x = 24 Solution: Sum of roots = -b/a = -18/3 = -6
35. Which of the following are sides of a right triangle? 40. Find the area of a right triangle given that its hypotenuse is 25 cm and one leg measures 24 cm.
A. 5, 10, 13 B. 7, 48, 49 A. 600 cm2 B. 300 cm2
C. 15, 16, 17 D. 10, 24, 26 C. 168 cm2 D. 84 cm2
Solution: Just use the Pythagorean Theorem Solution: Find the other leg first by using the Pythagorean Theorem. That will give you 7 cm.

36. Solve for x:

𝑥+2
=
𝑥+5 Area of a right triangle = L1 x L2 / 2
𝑥−1 𝑥+3
7 x 24 / 2 = 84
A. -15 B. -13
41. Two intersecting lines that form right triangles are called __________.
C. -11 D. -9
A. parallel B. coincidental
Solution: Cross-multiply the equation first.
C. perpendicular D. asymptotic
(x+2)(x+3) = (x+5)(x-1)
42. How many ways can a group of 4 be selected from 10 people?
x2 + 5x + 6 = x2 + 4x – 5
A. 105 B. 210
5x + 6 = 4x – 5
C. 420 D. 840
x = -11
Math Reviewer 2 Answers Key

Solution: Remember: A group will call for combination.

Solution: Let x = Mr. Lee’s driving time in mins
10C4 = 210
60x = 50(x+3)
43. Which of the following is nominal data?
60x = 50x + 150
A. mass of an object
10x = 150
B. height of a student
x = 15
C. temperature in Kelvin
15 mins is 15/60 or 0.25 hr
D. voter’s ID number
60 kph (0.25 hr) = 15 km
44. Carl’s new record for vertical jump is 70 cm, which is 20 more than twice his oldest record.
What is his oldest record? 48. A bus traveling at a speed of 40 kph left the station at 5:00 AM. Another bus traveling at 50 kph left the
same station one hour later. At what time will the second bus catch up with the first bus?
A. 25 cm B. 100 cm
A. 7 AM B. 8 AM
C. 180 cm D. 110 cm
C. 9 AM D. 10 AM
Solution:
Solution: Let x = driving time
2n + 20 = 70
40(x) = 50(x-1)
2n = 50
40x = 50x - 50
n = 25
50 = 10x
45. Seventeen more than twice a number is 65. What is the number?
5=x
A. 41 B. 82
.: 5 hours past 5:00 AM is 10AM
C. 24 D. 19
49. Central angle ∠VST measures 82o. What is the measure of inscribed angle ∠VAT if A is not within arc
Solution: VT?
2n + 17 = 65 A. 278o B. 139o
2n = 48 C. 164o D. 41o
n = 24 Solution: ∠VST intercepts an arc VT measuring 82o.
46. Gina paid P30 for 250 grams of flour. How much would she pay for 3.5 kg of flour? ∠VAT is an inscribed angle intercepting the same arc, thus it measures half of 82 or 41 o.
A. P210 B. P390 50. An 80o angle is formed by two tangents to a circle. Find the measure of the major arc intercepted by the
C. P420 D. P450 angle.
Solution: Note that 3.5 kg = 3500 grams A. 260o B. 160o
P30 x (3500/250) = 30x14 = 420 C. 100o D. 40o
47. Mr. Chan’s average speed is 50 kph while Mr. Lee’s average speed is 60 kph. One day, they Solution: Assign two variables: one for the major arc and another for the minor arc. For this one, let’s use x
both left work and drove toward the same place. If Mr. Chan arrived 3 minutes after Mr. Lee, how and y.
far was the place from work? The sum of the two arcs is always 360. Their difference however is twice the measure of the angle formed
A. 12 km B. 15 km by the two tangents. That would be twice 80, or 160. Solve for x since we are looking for the major arc.
C. 20 km D. 30 km
Math Reviewer 2 Answers Key

x + y = 360
Solution:
x – y = 160
Use our formula for mixtures: V1C1 + V2C2 = VRCR
2x = 520
Also, remember that water is 0% solution.
x = 260
x(0) + 200(50) = (x+200)(20)
51. △ABC is similar to △XYZ. AB = 10 and
XY = 15. What is the area of △XYZ if the area of △ABC is 600 cm2? 0 + 10,000 = 20x + 4,000
A. 1350 cm2 B. 900 cm2 10,000 – 4,000 = 20x
C. 400 cm2 D. 200 cm2 6,000 = 20x
Solution: 300 = x
The ratio of the areas of the two triangles is the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. 55. A car travels north at 30 kph as another travels east at 40 kph. If they left the same point at 1:00 PM,
how far apart are they at 6:00 PM?
The ratio of the sides is 10:15 or 2:3 when simplified. That means the ratio of the areas is
22:32 or 4:9. A. 350 km B. 300 km
4:9 = 600:n C. 250 km D. 200 km
4n = 6(900) Solution: Since the two cars are traveling perpendicular to each other, simply use a right triangle and get the
hypotenuse for their distance.
n = 1350
From 1PM to 6PM is 5 hours. After 5 hours, one travels 5(30) km north while the other travels 5(40) km
52. Mr. Yague found out that if he doubled his driving speed, he would only need 20 minutes to get east. By Pythagorean theorem, their distance is 250 km.
to work. How long does he usually take?
56. Albert is flying a kite. If the kite forms an angle of elevation of 30 o and is 50m high from the ground,
A. 5 minutes B. 10 minutes how far is the kite from Albert?
C. 20 minutes D. 40 minutes A. 50√3 m B. 100 m
Solution: At double speed, you need 20 minutes. At normal speed, you need twice 20 minutes, or
40 minutes. C. 25 m D. 25√3 m

53. A taxi charges P40 for the first 5 km and P10 for every additional km of a trip. How much Solution:
would you be charged for a 10 km trip? Use the 30-60-90 triangle. The side opposite to 30o is 50m according the problem. We are looking for the
A. P80 B. P90 distance of the kite, or the hypotenuse. That’s twice 50m, or simply 100m.

C. P100 D. P110 57. A 6 m long ladder reaches 3√3 m on a wall. Find the angle formed by the ladder and the ground.

Solution: Break your 10 km trip into the first 5km and the remaining 5 km. A. 30o B. 45o

First 5 km costs P40, while the remaining 5km costs P10 per km or simply, P50. The total is P40 + C. 60o D. 75o
P50. Solution: Draw a right triangle with the ladder as the hypotenuse. You’d figure out that it’s a 30-60-90
54. How much water should be added to 200 ml of 50% solution to make a 20% solution? triangle. Since we are looking for the angle formed by the ladder and the ground, it should be the 60 o angle.

A. 400 ml B. 300 ml 58. The diagonals of a rhombus measure 20 cm and 48 cm. Find its area.

C. 250 ml D. 200 ml A. 960 cm2 B. 480 cm2

C. 240 cm2 D. 120 cm2
Math Reviewer 2 Answers Key

63. Find the average of the following numbers:

43 51 42 49 55 Solution:
A. 46 B. 47 Use our formula for mixtures: V1C1 + V2C2 = VRCR
C. 48 D. 49 Also, remembe69. There are 7 red, 8 blue and 9 black hats in a bag. When taking out 2 hats in succession,
what is the probability of getting a red hat on both tries?
Solution: (43 + 51 + 48 + 49 + 55)/5 = 48
A. 49/576 B. 7/96
64. If 7 kg of fish costs P840, how much would 3 kg of fish cost?
C. 7/92 D. 7/69
A. P300 B. P330
Solution: The number of red hats in the first try is 7, while the total is 24. On the second try, there will only
C. P360 D. P420 be 6 red hats out of 23 (since a red hat has already been removed). 7/24 x 6/23 = 7/92
Solution: 7kg costs P840 translates to P120 per kg. 70. In the graph of (y-2)² = 12x + 4, how long is the latus rectum?
3 kg would therefore cost 3(P120) = P360 A. 3 B. 6
65. Find the axis of symmetry of y = x2 – 3x + 7 C. 12 D. 24
A. the x-axis B. the y-axis Solution: The length of the Latus Rectum is 4p. In short, it is the numerical coefficient of the non-squared
C. x = -3/2 D. x = 3/2 variable.
Solution: Axis of symmetry of a parabola opening upward or downward is x = -b/2a 71. In the graph of (x-3)² = 4y + 24, what is the equation of the directrix?
66. Which of the following is a circle? A. y = -7 B. y = -5
A. 7(x-2)2 – 7(y+3)2 = 14 C. x = 2 D. x = 4
B. 3(x-2)2 + 4(y+5)2 = 144 Solution:
C. 5(x+3)2 + 5(y-4)2 = 1445 First, determine the value of p. Since 4p = 4 (the multiplier of the non-squared variable), then p = 1.
D. 3(x-4)2 – 5(y-7)2 = 2890 Next, determine the vertex of the parabola.
(x-3)² = 4y + 24 can be rewritten as
Explanation: The equation of a circle calls the sum of the squares of (x-h) and (y-k). (x-3)² = 4(y + 6). Thus, the vertex is at (3, -6).
You may rewrite C as (x+3)2 + (y-4)2 = 289 which is the center-radius form of the circle. The parabola opens upward since p is positive and the squared variable is x. That means the directrix is a
67. How many diagonals does a 13-sided regular polygon have? horizontal line 1 unit (the value of p) below the vertex.

A. 130 B. 100 72. What do we call a line that the curve of a function tends towards as the independent variable of the
curve approaches some limit (usually infinity), that is, the distance between the curve and the line
C. 78 D. 65 approaches zero
Solution: Number of diagonals = n(n-3)/2 A. secant B. asymptote
68. △ABC has a right angle at ∠B. If AC = 5 and BC = 3, what is sin C? C. tangent D. parallel
A. 0.6 B. 0.7 73. In which non-Euclidean geometry do we state the property that a line has no parallels through a given
C. 0.8 D. 1.25 point?

Solution: Draw a right triangle first with the right angle at ∠B. Solve for AB and write the measures A. Analytic B. Solid
on the different parts of your triangle. You would need to find the measure of the side opposite of C. Elliptic D. Hyperbolic
∠C (that’s AB) and the measure of the hypotenuse (that’s AC).
Math Reviewer 2 Answers Key

74. What do we call the section or curve formed by the intersection of a plane and a cone? 80. By what property do we say that when A = B and B = C, then A = C?
A. lateral surface A. reflexive B. symmetrical
B. base C. transitive D. closure
C. conic section
D. eccentricity
75. By what property do we state that
a(b+c) = ab + ac?
A. closure property
B. transitive property
C. multiplicative property
D. distributive property of multiplication over addition
76. In number theory, what do we call a polynomial equation with integer coefficients that also
allows the variables and solutions to be integers only?
A. integral equations
B. differential equations
C. Diophantine equations
D. Bolyai-Lobachevsky equations
77. In the set of real numbers, what do we call the set that includes only the counting numbers and
zero?
A. rational numbers
B. integers
C. whole numbers
D. irrational numbers
78. The amount of money you have falls under what level of data?
A. nominal B. ordinal
C. interval D. ratio
79. To study tooth decay a researcher takes a sample at random but with the stipulation that all age
groups are represented proportionally. What sampling method did the researcher use?
A. systematic
B. cluster
C. stratified
D. convenience

80. By what property do we say that when A = B and B = C, then A = C?