TRANSMISSION LINES AND ANTENNA SYSTEMS

ECE512
June 11, 2019
Antenna
– is a transducer that converts RF energy into
electrical energy and vice versa
– a.k.a. aerial radiator because it radiates
electromagnetic waves
– we use antenna in wireless communication systems

Schematic Symbol for Antenna:

Speaker also converts one form of energy to another form of

energy (electrical energy to sound energy)
- If you input DC signal in the speaker, it will only hum so it is
derived in AC because it will bombard the speaker back and
forth.

Wireless
- Without wireless communication, we cannot use our phones
(or sometimes called mobile).
- If you are setting up a wireless, it should have line of sight
for directional antenna.
- Advantage: Flexible
- Disadvantage: Fade during rainy season or bad weather.
the effect is intermittent signal meaning on and off.

2 Types of Antenna
1. Directional – antennas that see each other that is
horizontally polarized. Example is microwave communication.
2. Omnidirectional

- Transmission line is more reliable than antenna but in

secluded areas like Tawi-Tawi, we need wireless.
- The last option for wireless communication is satellite
because it is very expensive.

- Apply RF energy to energize the antenna.

- To generate RF energy, use an oscillator.

- The difference of electrical energy and RF energy is that

Electrical Energy uses 60 Hz.

We use RF as our carrier.

Carrier – carries the information.

- It is possible to establish communication system without

information using code (Morse Code – the dots and dashes).
- Before the advent of SMS, we use radio telegraphy which
uses Morse Code.

- To send messages, go to RCPI and you have to minimize your

message because for every character correspond to a certain
amount.
Now, we are just a text away so radio telegraphy is obsolete.

Baudot Code- introduced in wireless

Antenna is comprised of a piece of conductor.
Example of conductor material is copper.
Any piece of conductor can be an antenna.
Another type of conductor is aluminum. It is lighter than
copper (aluminum is the lightest material and more suitable).

Oscillator Circuits
- LC Oscillator (uses coil and capacitor)
- Crystal Oscillator (uses crystal)