FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Agenda 

1.Engine Fundamentals
 2.Types of Fuel injection system
 3.Diesel Fuel injection system
 a.
 a. Type
Typess of
of Fue
Fuell Inj
Injec
ecto
tors
rs
 b. Perfor
Performan
mancece Chara
Charactecteris
ristic
tic of Fuel
Fuel Injec
Injector
tor
 c.
 c. Fuel
Fuel Inje
Inject
ctor
or test
testin
ingg
 d.
 d. Fuel
Fuel Inje
Inject
ctor
or fail
failur
ures
es
 4.Spark Ignition system
 a. GDI 
 b. MPFI 
 5.Fuel Injection System Powertrain Control Module
 a. Diesel 
 b.Gasoline
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

FOUR STROKE ENGINE 
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

WHY FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM 
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

DIESEL FUEL REQUIREMENTS 
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

TYPES OF FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM 

FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

INDIRECT INJECTION DIRECT INJECTION SPARK INJECTION

Pump Line nozzle

Unit Injector 
• Mechanical
• Hydraulic
Electronic 
• Mechanical
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

THE PUMP-LIN
PUMP-LINE-NOZ
E-NOZZLE
ZLE SYSTEM
SYSTEM (1927-
(1927- BOSCH)
BOSCH)
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

MECHANICAL UNIT INJECTOR 

Features:
 Mechanically Actuated
 Rack / Gov. Controlled
 Fixed Timing
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

MECHANICAL ACTUATED ELECTRONIC CONTROLLED UNIT INJECTOR 

ECM 
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

MEUI SYSTEM OPERATION 
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

HYDRAULIC ACTUATED ELECTRONIC CONTROLLED UNIT INJECTOR 
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

FUEL INJECTION CYCLE-HEUI 
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

COMMON
COMMON RAIL
RAIL SYSTEM
SYSTEM (BOSCH
(BOSCH & DELPH
DELPHI)
I)
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

HIGH-PRESSURE
HIGH-PRESSURE COMMON RAIL
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Injection system Operating States

Cold starting
During cold starts the relative
relative quantity
quantity of fuel in the inducted mixture decreases:
decreases: the mixture
“goes lean.” This lean-mixture phenomenon stems from inadequate blending of air and fuel,
low rates of fuel vaporization,
vaporization, and condensation on the the walls of the inlet tract, all of
of which are
promoted by low temperatures. To compensate for these negative factors, and to facilitate
cold starting, supplementary fuel must be injected into the engine.

Post-start phase
Following low-temperature
low-temperature starts, supplementary fuel is required for a brief period, until the
combustion chamber heats up and improves the internal mixture formation. This richer 
mixture also increases torque to furnish a smoother transition to the desired idle speed.

Warm-up phase
The warm-up phase follows on the heels of the starting and immediate post-start phases. At
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Idle and part-load
Idle is defined as the operating status in which the torque generated by the engine is just
sufficient to compensate for friction losses. The engine does not provide power to the
flywheel at idle. Part-load (or part-throttle) operation refers to the range of running conditions
between idle and generation of maximum possible torque. Today’s standard concepts rely
exclusively on stoichiometric
stoichiometric mixtures for the operation
operation of engines running at idle
idle and part-
throttle once they have warmed to their normal operating temperatures.

Full load (WOT)

At WOT (wide-open throttle) supplementary enrichment may be required. This enrichment
furnishes maximum torque and/or power.

Acceleration and deceleration

The fuel’s vaporization potential is strongly affected by pressure levels inside the intake
manifold. Sudden variations
variations in manifold pressure of the kind encountered in response to
rapid changes in throttle valve aperture cause fluctuations in the fuel layer on the walls of the
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Requirements of Gasoline injection systems

-To supply the

the engine with
with the optimal
optimal airfuel mixture for any
any given operating
operating
conditions.

-Maintaining air-fuel mixtures within precisely defined limits, which translates into
superior performance in the areas of fuel economy, comfort and convenience, and
power.

-Meet emission norms

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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Classification of Gasoline injection systems

Injection systems

External A/F Mixture formation Internal A/F Mixture formation

SPI MPFI Direct Injection

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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Gasoline-Engine Fuel Delivery Systems
Direct (In-Cylinder)
Fuel-Injection

1996 ????

Advanced Multi-Port-
Fuel-Injection

1995 2005
Multi-Port-Fuel-Injection

1980 2004
Single-Point,
Throttle-Body
Fuel Injection
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

External A/F Mixture formation

1. Sing
Single
le poin
pointt inj
injec
ecti
tion
on
-Injector is located above
the throttle plate

-Operate at low pressure

(0.7 to 1 bar)
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

External A/F Mixture formation

-Injector is located above the

throttle, in the air intake path

-Fuel is sprayed in the orifice

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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

External A/F Mixture formation
2. Multi Point fuel Injection

-Main
-Main contro
controll variabl
variables
es – Air 
flow and engine speed

-Pressure differential between

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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

External A/F Mixture formation

Air flow sensor

Intake air flow deflects the flap which
is converted by a potentiometer in to voltage
ratio and fed to ECU
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Injector

-Injector consist of Housing with coil , valve

seat with spray orifice disk and a moving valve
needle with solenoid armature.
-Fuel strainer protects injector against
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Transient Cold Mixture Cost &
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Internal A/F Mixture formation
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