Department of

Biotechnology &
Medical Engineering A Brief Discussion

Sub: Biomedical
Instrumentation
Submitted by:
Faculty: Sanatan Panda
117BM0015
e-health is an emerging field
in the intersection of medical
informatics, public health and
business, referring to health
services and information
delivered or enhanced through
the Internet and related
technologies. In a broader
sense, the term characterizes
not only a technical
development, but also a state-
of-mind, a way of thinking, an
attitude, and a commitment
for networked, global
thinking, to improve health
care locally, regionally, and
worldwide by using
information and
communication technology
• Communication • A health technology is • Computing specialized
models are systematic the application of a computer language
representations of the organized knowledge allowing computers
process which helps in and skills in the form that are connected to
understanding of devices, medicines, each other to
how communication vaccines, procedures communicate
works can be and systems
done. Models show developed to solve a
the process health problem and
metaphorically and in improve quality of
symbols. They form lives.
general perspectives
on communication by
breaking communicati
on from complex to
simple and keeps the
components in order.

Communication
Model Technology Protocols
•Connecting intelligent devices on a network is not a new
subject.

•Intelligent sensors, actuators, regulators, PLCs are exchanging

information through a network in order to implement monitoring or
direct control functionalities in large scale distribution system.

•There are network protocols specially developed for this purpose;

these protocols satisfy the real-time, safety & security
requirements of such application.

•In e-health area, medical devices are connected on the internet in

order to perform different remote medical services such as:-
remote patients’ monitoring, elderly persons’ supervision, on-line
medical consultation, robotic arm control for surgical interventions.

•Latest advanced miniaturized portable medical devices are used to

measure ECG, blood pressure, temperature continuously for activity
recognition, monitoring or remotely made medical evaluation.

•But with very restricted accessibility and complex

communication model, a given device cannot be integrated with
other(multiple) applications.
 Computer Integration Wireless
miniaturization
Communication

Now it is possible to integrate into an inexpensive device significant computing

power(intelligence),storage and communication capabilities & sensorial
facilities that allow development of multiple complex functionalities on mobile,
portable or dedicated devices. These new things span from basic sensors and
control devices with communication ability(e.g. smart dust) toward wearable
gadgets & intelligent phones and tablets. With ad-hoc and wireless networking
techniques these things can be seamlessly connected on a wider access network.
 optimization

Tracking Data collection

IOT in
healthcare

Control Authentication

Sensing Automation
1.Wider adoption of IPv6

2.Addressing scheme in IPv6 & v4

3.Proper accessibility(DNS)

4.Accessing facility in a uniform way

5.Data aggregation method for efficient

transmission

6.Gateway level(security)

7.Contradiction with IOT philosophy

 Hight computing capabilities including
storage & processing power
 Network communication at very small
footprint, price & power communication
 Powerful ×86 compatible Intel processor
 Up to 32GB external memory
 Ethernet interface
 Multiple digital & analog channels on a single
board.
Hospitals and other healthcare providers have all the operational complexities of other
businesses with the added responsibilities of keeping their patients safe, ensuring patient
health records are secure and keeping their facilities operational 24/7. Plus, the healthcare
industry is a primary target of increasingly sophisticated cybercriminals looking to install
ransomware to steal patient health records or harm patients with connected medical devices
such as insulin pumps or pacemakers.

A healthcare facility could follow the National Institute of Standards Technology’s

cybersecurity framework to the letter, but its network will only be as secure as the weakest
entry point. Increasingly, unsecured medical devices are used as beachheads to gain access to a
hospital network.

 Cybercriminals usually focus on stealing electronic health records (EHRs) due to their black
market value of $300 to $500 per record. They may also install malware or ransomware on the
hospital network, encrypting and disabling the connected servers and systems and causing total
disruption to the provision of care. The systems remain dysfunctional until the hospital pays the
ransom, finds a way to subvert the encryption algorithm – rarely a trivial task – or restores
systems from backups, which could take several days or longer.

A large hospital’s real cost of recovering from a ransomware attack generally runs in the
millions of dollars. The cost to a smaller medical practice is usually less, but this does not
include the disruption of care and access to patient health information. Healthcare systems
might also incur heavy fines under General Data Protection regulations for the theft of EHRs and
the breach of personal health information (PHI).

 Medical device manufacturers that build products to handle, store or transmit PHI may also
be subject to substantial monetary penalties if proven negligent in a hospital breach in which
PHI was compromised.
 On a REST/6LoWPAN network infrastructure through a
CoAP(IPv6),dealing with all technologies, RFID, WSN & smart
mobile; an IOT aware smart architecture for automatic
monitoring and tracking of patients.
 It is able to collect the real-time variation of any critical
patients’ physiological parameter as well as of the environmental
conditions. The sensed parameters are delivered to a control
centre where they are made easily accessible by both local and
remote users via a customized REST web service.
 Two different use cases have been implemented to validate the
proposed SHS. The former deals with patients’ monitoring, the
latter with the management of an emergency situation caused by
patient falls promptly detected by three-axis acceleration
measurements.
 The achieved results demonstrate the appropriateness of the
proposed system to perform not only identification and tracking
of patients, nursing staff, and biomedical devices within hospitals
and nursing institutes, but also to provide power-effective
remote patient monitoring and immediate handling of
emergencies
Short range low power radar sensors for healthcare applications.

Metrics driven adaptive security management in e-Health IOT

applications

Stroke detection leading to timely medical assistance

Non-invasive glucose level sensing with advanced opto-

physiological assessment technique & diabetes management

Implementation of wireless EEG, IOT connectivity of real time raw

signals through IOT devices and raspberry Pi2

Remote facial expression monitoring system with sEMG signals

Streaming brain & physiological signal acquisition system for IOT

neuroscience Application. (Parkinson disease management)