TRAFFIC CONGISTION IN TAGBILARAN CITY: PROPOSED SOLUTION AND

IMPROVEDMENT MEASURES

KIM L. ARADILLA
NOEL L. ARADILLA
JENELYN B. BUSLON
JACKYLYN G. GALARION
IAN B. HINAYAS
MAYETTE P. ORTEGA
MARIECHE T. TUYOR

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

BIT International College
City of Tagbilaran
March, 2019
TRAFFIC CONGISTION IN TAGBILARAN CITY: PROPOSED SOLUTION AND
IMPROVEDMENT MEASURES

A thesis Presented to the

Faculty of the College of Criminal Justice
BIT International College
City of Tagbilaran

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

by:

KIM L. ARADILLA
NOEL L. ARADILLA
JENELYN B. BUSLON
JACKYLYN G. GALARION
IAN B. HINAYAS
MAYETTE P. ORTEGA
MARIECHE T. TUYOR
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in

Criminology, this thesis entitled “TRAFFIC CONGISTION IN TAGBILARAN CITY:
PROPOSED SOLUTION AND IMPROVEMENT MEASURES” prepared and submitted
by Kim L. Aradilla, Noel L. Aradilla, Jenelyn B. Buslon, Jackylyn G. Galarion,
Ian B. Hinayas, Mayette P. Ortega and Marieche T. Tuyor are hereby
recommended for admission to oral examination.

Atty. NEIL ADONIS USARAGA, LLB

Adviser

Approved by the tribunal at the Oral Examination Conducted on

_______________________ with a grade of ____________.

EXAMINING TRIBUNAL

ENGR. DIONISIO NEIL A. BALITE, Ph.D.

Chairman

ENG. DIONISIO A. BALITE, JR.,, Ph.D. ANECITO P. MORENO

Member Member

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

Science in Criminology.

MRS. IVY G. CALIAO

OIC, College of Criminal Justice
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers acknowledge with heartfelt thanks and gratitude for the
assistance of the following persons in making this research possible.

OIC of the College of Criminal Justice, as well as the faculty and staff for giving
the researchers the encouragement and inspiration that spurned the realization of this
work.

To the thesis panelist for sparing their endless patience in reading the
manuscript and above all for their valuable knowledge which somewhat like a medicine
that heals the writer’s muscle pains;

Their parents for the moral and financial support, friends and relatives who
extend a lending hand; and

Above all, to the Almighty God, for giving courage, strength, divine guidance
and enlightenment in the realization of this study.

Researchers
 DEDICATION

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents, who have been our

source of inspiration and gave us strength when we thought giving up, who continually

provide their moral, spiritual, emotional, and financial support.

To our brothers, sisters, relatives, mentor, friends and classmates who shared their

words of advice and encouragement to finish this study.

And lastly, we dedicated this research to the Almighty God, thank you for the guidance,

strength, power of mind, protection and skills and for giving us a healthy life. All of this,

we offer to you.

Researchers

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION
Rationale

Nowadays, for many employees, successfully combining work and non-work has

become a major challenge that sometimes creates problems or conflicts. The process

whereby work demands negatively affect one’s functioning in the home domain is

defined as ‘work–home interference’. This situation is assumed to be associated with

health complaints since prolonged mental and/or physical preoccupation with work

during non-work time limits the opportunities to recover from the effort expended at

work. A sustained lack of recovery will eventually manifest itself in health complaints.

The reverse process – that is, health complaints leading to work–home interference –

may also emerge, because it is possible that employees suffering from health

complaints are more susceptible to experiencing a negative influence of work on their

private life (1:2013).

Firefighters have one of the most dangerous occupations and have higher than

average rates of workplace deaths and injuries. They perform physically demanding

work, encompassing multiple fire ground tasks: fire attack, search and rescue, exterior

ventilation, and overhaul activities. Firefighters also respond to emergency situations

and are frequently first on scene for emergency medical response, motor vehicle

accidents, and other emergencies such as floods, earthquakes, cyclones and terrorism.

Firefighting personnel experience stress each day in their work settings. Their

ability to cope with stress affects their capacity to function effectively in emergency

situations. Society has a stake in the ability of firefighting personnel to carry out their

responsibilities effectively. Given the threat of natural disasters, the threats from
terrorist attacks, mass casualties, and major environmental incidents, society depends

on the services of firefighting personnel who work long hours with little relief in these

situations. Fire departments and the personnel working in those settings need to

understand the stress involved and identify and develop effective coping strategies.

(2:2011).

There is a stark reality of life and death in the firefighter’s world.The day-to-day

responsibilities of an officer can be overwhelming, but what’s even more dangerous is

when officers over-commit, devoting too much discretionary time to the team,

volunteer training, committee work, and among others. This over-involvement can

trigger a personality shift as the person becomes solely identified with the job. Soon,

they don’t know who they are when out of uniform, and their family doesn’t know who

they are at all (3:2010). This situation triggers the BS Criminology students of BIT

International College to conduct deep study on the life status of fire officer in

Tagbilaran City Fire Station in order to provide proposed program for the enhancement

of their skills and improvement of their personal life.

Theory: Legal Basis:

Transactional Model of Republic Act 9514

Coping Stress by Lazarus otherwise known as “Revised
and Cohen Fire Code of the Philippines
of 2008”
 This theory or model of It is hereby declared the policy
coping is a process that a of the State to ensure public
person employs to handle safety and promote economic
stressors. An individual who is development through the
dealing with a stressor may prevention and suppression of all
cope through selfatomization, kinds of destructive fires and
that is, the person adapts to promote the professionalization
the stressor and does not of the fire service as a profession
require psychological effort to
do so

The Bureau of Fire Protection Tagbilaran Office

adheres in the mandate of the State to provide
competent fire fighter officers in order to preserve
the life and property of the citizenry. However,
programs must also be implemented that would help
the officers balance their work and personal life and
prevent the work stress and pressures from going
with them at home

There is a need to study life status of the Fire

Officers in Tagbilaran City in order to propose a
program of enhancement for their profiling and skills

Figure I
Theoretical Background

Theoretical Background
 Theory. This study is premised on Transactional Model of Coping Stress as

conceptualized by Lazarus and Cohen (4:2013). This is a framework for evaluating

the processes of coping with stressful events. Stressful experiences are construed as

person-environment transactions. These transactions depend on the impact of the

external stressor. This is mediated by firstly the person’s appraisal of the stressor and

secondly on the social and cultural resources at his or her disposal. When faced with a

stressor, a person evaluates the potential threat (primary appraisal). Primary

appraisal is a person’s judgment about the significance of an event as stressful,

positive, controllable, challenging or irrelevant. Facing a stressor, the second

appraisal follows, which is an assessment of people’s coping resources and options.

Secondary appraisals address what one can do about the situation. Actual coping

efforts aimed at regulation of the problem give rise to outcomes of the coping process.

In the table below the key constructs of the Transaction Model of Stress and Coping are

summarized.

This theory or model of coping is a process that a person employs to handle

stressors. An individual who is dealing with a stressor may cope through

selfatomization, that is, the person adapts to the stressor and does not require

psychological effort to do so. Another method of coping is to assume that a situation

will turn out for the better, regardless of how bad the current conditions may be. They

identified three types of stressors: 1. Mass casualty stressors (e.g., natural disasters,

major catastrophes, incarceration, and other uncontrollable phenomena) affect a large

number of people or victims; 2. Major changes affect a single person or a group of

people. In this case, a disaster may impact one person or a group of people, but the

event is not as disturbing; and 3. Daily hassles are the small, day-to-day situations or

events that irritate or distress people.

Lazarus and Cohen theory of stress and coping identified ways in which

individuals are affected in the environment by stressors, how they encounter life’s daily

stressors, and how coping styles may be differentiated depending on the situational

aspects of the stressors. This theory connects on the importance of the family of the

fire fighter to be aware on the effect that occurs after the adrenaline wears off; this

leaves firefighters completely exhausted. At work, they are alive, alert, energetic, and

involved. When they come home, the after-effects may set in, and they may be tired,

detached, isolated, and apathetic. The greater the demand at work, the greater the

possible backlash at home, debilitating them for family involvement, which, if

misunderstood, may be destructive to intimate relationships. Thus, careful study and

deep understanding is necessary in order to come up with an effective proposed

program for the fire fighters of Tagbilaran City.

Legal basis. The study is anchored on the legal framework of Republic Act

9514 (5:2012) otherwise known as “Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of

2008” in which the state It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety and

promote economic development through the prevention and suppression of all kinds of

destructive fires and promote the professionalization of the fire service as a profession.

Towards this end, the State shall enforce all laws, rules and regulations to ensure
adherence to standard fire prevention and safety measures, and promote accountability

for fire safety in the fire protection service and prevention service.

The Bureau of Fire Protection Office shall constitute a technical staff of highly

qualified persons who are knowledgeable on fire prevention, fire safety, and fire

suppression. The complexity of their work with a greater prominence of danger has

created an increase in the skills needed in firefighting and broadening of the firefighter’s

limit.

Related Literature

A firefighter is a rescuer extensively trained in firefighting, primarily to

extinguish hazardous fires that threaten property and civilian or natural populations,

and to rescue people from dangerous situations, like collapsed or burning buildings or

crashed vehicles. In some areas, they are also trained in Emergency Medical

Services (EMS) and operate ambulances in addition to being a firefighter.

The firefighting profession is a community service. Various political, social, and

geographic factors have interfered with research opportunities, usually because

researchers were not aware of any extant biases. Firefighting personnel may experience

a compromised physical health status and a lack of confidence to handle stress. Shifts

are so unpredictable they often compete with family obligations and negatively impact

those they care about (6:2014).

Firefighters work closely with other emergency response agencies, most

particularly local and police departments. As every fire scene is technically a crime

scene until deemed otherwise (depending on the area) by a Fire Chief, a Police
Department, or qualified investigator, there is often overlap between the responsibilities

of responding firefighters and police officers such as evidence and scene protection,

initial observations of first respondents, and chain of evidence issues. The increasing

role of firefighters in providing emergency medical services also brings firefighters into

common overlap with law enforcement.

Fire fighting has some basic skills: prevention, self-preservation, rescue,

preservation of property, basic first aid, and fire control. Firefighting is further broken

down into skills which include size-up, extinguishing, ventilation, salvage and overhaul.

Wildland firefighting includes size up, containment, extinguishment, and mop up.

Search and Rescue, which has already been mentioned, is performed early in any fire

scenario and many times is in unison with extinguishing and ventilatio (7:2013).

Anyone having the honor of wearing the five horns knows well that having one

or more assistant chiefs is critical to maintaining proper discipline, training and

emergency response professionalism and proficiency in a fire department. This does not

mean, though, that all chiefs need to go to all calls, especially the well-known nuisance

alarms. Further, for those chiefs who have often found the position to be that of a

problem-solver, wet nurse and father confessor, in addition to all the roles usually

associated with the job, time away from these work responsibilities is crucial in order to

maintain proper balance, perspective and a sense of humor (8:2013).

For smaller departments—and those without geographic, task or company

structures governing responses—a general alarm means a turnout of the entire body,

including all chiefs. The result: There are often three chiefs, numerous company officers
and many firefighters for assignments that are little more than confirming the stated

nature of what is a non-emergency call. More to the point, such turnouts also lead to

consequences like interrupted time at home, broken dinner dates, missed ball games

and school events, and other unnecessary disturbances to an already stressed home

life.

The management role of the Chief of BFP Office as it relates to addressing the

impact of the fire fighting responsibilities on their families. What followed was

implementation of some simple management initiatives that were easy to introduce and

maintain at the fire department, and that eased the impact of the firehouse on all of

households. The hardest part, was getting some fire officers to actually step back to

their family, resist the temptation to respond every time the pager activated, and

accept that it was OK to take a night off. Further, it was also a challenge for some other

line officers to understand that they would have to share more of the load. After all,

there are some officers who work hard to resist responsibility. The government and all

social agencies must lose no opportunity of insisting on the sanctity of marriage and the

nobility of family life.

The state and all social agencies must lose no opportunity of insisting on the

sanctity of marriage and the nobility of family life; that married life is something to be

entered into carefully. The government must take effective steps to control those

agencies of destruction in their own family.

 Stress is one of the most serious occupational hazards facing the modern fire

service. It is important to recognize exactly how stress can adversely affect our health,

job performance, career decision making, morale, and family life.” It has been long

known that stress can cause a variety of conditions and symptoms, most of which are

detrimental to health and well-being. “Job stress, whether in the corporate world or on

an assembly line, can damage employee performance,” Moderate stress in many cases

increases productivity and can be pleasant for some people. But higher levels of stress

can interfere with your ability to do your job, is rarely pleasurable, and lead to

emotional and physical problems. Some of these may be decreased job satisfaction,

abrasiveness, making constant excuses, unpredictable behavior, moodiness, decreases

communication, tardiness, or an increase in sick time (9:2013).

Related Studies

Additionally, in a study entitled “Firefighting and Fathering: Work-Family

Conflict, Parenting Stress, and Satisfaction with Parenting and Child

Behavior” which was conducted by Shreffler, K. et al. (10:2013) findings reveal

that firefighting is, indeed, an occupation with many potential stressors for fathers. The

majority work over 60 hours per week, and nearly half of our sample reported going

without sleep in the past month and feeling that their lives are in danger at times. On

average, the firefighters had seen a fellow firefighter killed in the line of duty. We were

somewhat surprised, therefore, to find that the firefighters, on average, reported

feeling lower stress than the neutral response. Similarly, we were surprised to note that
the average work-to-family conflict rating was about neutral. It is unclear if these

responses are based on normative expectations of a heavily male-dominated career or

if other factors are protective for firefighters, such as high social support. The

hypothesis regarding work role stressors and work-to-family conflict was partially

supported, as expected based on prior research. Higher occupational stress, working

more than 60 hours per week, and lacking sleep were linked to work-to-family conflict

in the expected directions. We did not find that feeling that one’s life is often in danger

or that seeing a fellow firefighter killed are related to higher work-to-family conflict, but

we suspect that, as work stressors, they may be associated with negative individual

consequences, such as distress or anxiety. Occupational stress, working over 60 hours

per week, and lack of sleep were associated with greater work-to-family conflict, as was

perceived childcare load. Work-to-family conflict was associated with higher parenting

stress and lower parenting satisfaction. Working more than 60 hours per week

significantly predicted lower satisfaction with children’s behavior. Fatherhood role

salience factors were also associated with parenting stress and parenting satisfaction.

These results highlight the importance of work-to-family conflict in fathering research

and suggest that the salience of the fatherhood role provides a contextual

understanding for the relationship between work and parenting in fathers’ lives.

David (11:2009), in his study entitled “The Ability of Firefighting

Personnel to Cope with Stress” found out that after involvement in a disaster or a

traumatic incident, firefighting personnel may be at risk for acute stress disorder leading

to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Firefighting personnel may experience

increased rates of psychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, loss of appetite,

lack of sleep, and constant worry or fear, after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic

event. These symptoms can lead to a significant increase in psychiatric problems and

may require professional intervention (Clohessy & Ehlers, 1999). Firefighting personnel

are confronted with occupational and daily life stressors as they try to balance their

work in life-saving efforts with the needs and demands of family life. Even though they

face stress every day, little is known about how they cope. Other work-related factors

can lead to stress, distress, and burnout. The contributions of unrelenting ambient

noise, role ambiguity, uncertainty of one’s job performance, and hazardous work

environments may contribute to intrapersonal conflict (Maslach, 1982). Firefighting

personnel may experience physical and emotional problems after returning from an

emergency call or returning home for 48 hours. The results showed that firefighters

who were not physically fit, who lacked social support, and who were unable to control

tension and structure daily activities experienced feelings of low confidence.

Low-cost activities such as physical firefighter training; Firefighters’ Challenge; or

intradepartmental, physically challenging activities also may be considerations to

stimulate physical activity and interest. External support could be solicited from health

clubs, community organizations, or sports clubs as an incentive to maintain physical

health. The fire department could promote healthy activities to address relevance

concerning stress in activities relevant to the firefighting personnel’s professional and

private lives. Identifying the factors leading to stress and solving these concerns

through group interaction strategies may be beneficial to firefighting personnel. Group

cohesiveness may assist all members of the group to achieve a sense of welfare,

contribute to higher group attendance, and create a higher level of interaction. Sharing

information within the group can stimulate insight into firefighting personnel’s stress,

address others who have similar feelings and have experienced similar situations, and

assist in problem solving where needed.

De Croon, Sluiter and Frings-Dresen. et al. (12:2010) identified work–

home interference as a serious risk for the occurrence and increase of fatigue and

depressive complaints among police officers. Such health impairment is obviously

undesirable from an employee perspective, but also from an organisational point of

view, as relationships between these health complaints and sickness and absenteeism

have been well established. This underlines the importance of a company policy aiming

to prevent work–home interference. In order to promote a balance between work and

private life, companies can avail of several measures such as the following : offering

flexible working time arrangements, for example, flexible start and finishing times, or

compressed work schedules; offering care facilities, such as subsidised parental leave

and subsidised childcare facilities; creating a company culture in which employees who

experience work–home interference feel entitled to use the facilities that are available.

Adverse psychological effects of working as a firefighter emanate from working in

situations where physical safety is threatened or attending traumatic incidents such as

EMR or motor vehicle calls, as well as inherent characteristics of the job, such as long

periods of inactivity followed by periods of high activity (calm to chaos), working

shiftwork, and organisational issues, including the adequacy of resources and the
degree of management support. A number of incidents have been identified as causing

higher levels of stress in firefighters including: 1) rare incidents such as major disasters

and terrorist events; and 2) incidents that firefighters deal with in the normal course of

their duties such as witnessing the death or injury of co-workers or patients, sustaining

a serious injury, being exposed to hazardous substances, attending multiple fatalities or

incidents involving infants and young children

Conceptual Framework

Work demands may interfere with a person’s ability to function in the non-work

domain. This phenonemon of ‘work–home interference’ would oftentimes lead to

depression and fatigue. Such health problems accumulate if this work situation is

sustained over a one-year period. In order to foster employee well-being, workers

should be supported in balancing their work and non-work lives.

The conceptual framework viewed in the schematic diagram in figure 2

shows the flow of the study. The inputs consist of the data of the profile of

the fire officers respondents in terms of their age, gender, educational attainment, and

the length of service as fire fighter, the responses of the respondents on the everyday

life of the fire fighter officer, and their preparedness during the alarm.

The process involved the descriptive normative method of research. A

self-made questionnaire was used to collect data relative to responses of the fire fighter

respondents. The results from the data gathered were tallied, tabulated and

processed for analysis through statistical treatment to test the hypotheses.

 The output of the study includes a proposed program of enhancement for the

skills and profiling purpose of the fire officers in the Bureau of Fire Protection Office

(BFP) Tagbilaran City.

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem. The purpose of this research is to get information

of life status of fire officer in Tagbilaran City Fire Station on their everyday life and work

for the year 2017 with and end of proposing an enhancement of their skills and

improving personal life.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub-questions:

1. What is the profile of the Fire Officer respondents in terms of:

a. Age;

b. Gender;

c. Educational Attainment;

d. Length of service;

2. What is the situation on the everyday life of the fire fighter officer of BFP Tagbilaran

Office?

3. What is the preparedness level of fire officer during the fire alarm?

4. Is there a significant degree of correlation on the responses of the respondents in

the following areas:

a. The situation on the everyday life of the fire fighter officer of BFP

Tagbilaran Office;

b. The preparedness level of fire officer during the fire alarm?

 5. What proposed program could be designed for the enhancement for the skills and

profiling purpose of the fire officers in the Bureau of Fire Protection Office (BFP)

Tagbilaran City?

Null Hypotheses

The following null hypotheses were formulated for testing at 0.05 level of

significance. There is no significant degree of correlation on the perceptions of the

respondents on the following context:

a. The situation on the everyday life of the fire fighter officer of BFP

Tagbilaran Office;

b. The preparedness level of fire officer during the fire alarm.

Significance of the Study

The output of the investigation arrived with numerous advantages and benefits

to the following parties:

Bureau of Fire Protection Tagbilaran Office. The result of the study would

provide enhancement program designed for their benefits in order to upgrade their fire

fighting skills as well as maintain the firm relationship with their own family, relatives

and friends.

Community Residents. The output of the study would gave them competent,

efficient and stable fire fighter officers who would help rescue and preserve their life

and property.
 Personal Property. The result of the study would further enhance the skills of

the fire fighters in BFP Tagbilaran Office, thus, personal property would be preserved

more fully.

Students. The study would give them information regarding the life of the fire

fighters in which they may follow in the future. Hence, they would then learn to balance

work from their personal life.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study covered the Fire Fighters of the Bureau of Fire Protection Tagbilaran

Office. The researchers gathered forty (40) fire fighters to respond in their study.

The study has limitations brought about by the nature of the study. The primary

limitation of this study was the concentration and consistency on the response of the

Fire fighters in answering the questionnaires.It caused anxiety to the researcher

whether it can affect the findings and conclusions which would represent the groups as

a whole. The researcher relies on the respondent’s honesty and sincerity in answering

the questions. Such constraint was averted by securing the official permit from the

Tagbilaran City Chief of the Bureau of Fire Protection.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researcher employs the descriptive-normative survey method using a self-

made questionnaire as the main data gathering tool to obtain the objectives of the
inquisition. This method is used in order to ascertain the normal condition, to practice

or to compare research results with a standard norm.

Research Environment and Subjects

The study covered the Fire Fighters of the Bureau of Fire Protection Tagbilaran

Office. The researchers gathered forty (40) fire fighters to respond in their study.

Research Instrument

A self-made questionnaire which was constructed by the researchers with the

assistance of their thesis adviser was used as the main data gathering instrument. This

questionnaire obtains data regarding the demographic profile and their responses were

used for this study. This consists of three parts, Part I focuses on the profile of the

respondents in terms of their age, gender, educational attainment and length of service

as Fire Fighter officers. Part II, presents the responses of the respondents on their

everyday life as a fire fighter officer; and lastly Part III, records the preparedness of

fire officer during the fire alarm.

Data-Gathering Procedure

The researcher secured the permission for the distribution and dissemination of

the questionnaires to the Chief of Bureau of Fire Protection Office Tagbilaran

City. After securing the needed consent, the researchers personally distributed the

questionnaire to the respondents to get the data desired for the study. The respondents

were given enough time to answer the questionnaire and requested to return the

accomplished form on the agreed date.

Data Analysis

The data gathered were tabulated, interpreted and analyzed in order to establish

the norms of occurrence through the simple percentage of computations. To obtain the

percentages, the frequency of responses to each item was divided by the total number

of cases and then multiplied by one hundred, thus: Percent =f /N X 100 ; where f=

frequency and N- number of cases.The dataon the demographic profile was obtained

using the mean as basis for the profile table: M=Ex/N; where Ex is the summation of all

data and N is the number of respondents.

The following weights were assigned to the scales with their corresponding

equivalents.

Weight Scale Range

4 Very Much Experienced (3.26-4.00)

3 Experienced (2.51-3.25)

2 Less Experienced (1.76-2.50)

1 Not Experienced (1.00-1.75)

Statistical Treatment

To determine the correlation on the responses of the fire fighter respondents on

the life status of fire officer in Tagbilaran City Fire Station, the data were subjected to a

statistical formula using the Chi-square test of Contingency, with the following formula:

X² = Ʃ (fo-fe)²/ fe

In which :
 fo - obtained frequency from the given value
fe - expected frequency from the given value
To prove the validity of the obtained r value, it was checked on the table of
critical value at 0.05 level of significance at a given degree of freedom (df).
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms used in the study are operationally defined because they are

essential to the understanding of the information presented in this research.

BFP

This refers to the abbreviation of the Bureau of Fire Protection Office of

Tagbilaran City.

Fire

This refers to the active principle of burning, characterized by the heat and light

of combustion.

Fire Alarm

Refers to any visual or audible signal produced by a device or system to warm

the occupants of the building or fire fighting elements of the presence or danger of fire

to enable them to undertake immediate action to save life and property and to suppress

the fire.

Fire Hazard

The term refers to any condition or act which increases or may cause an increase

in the probability of the occurrence of fire, or which may obstruct, delay, hinder or

interfere with fire fighting operations and the safeguarding of life and property.
Fire Protective and Fire Safety Device

This refers to any device intended for the protection of buildings or persons to

include but not limited to built-in protection system such as sprinklers and other

automatic extinguishing system, detectors for heat, smoke and combustion products

and other warning system components, personal protective equipment such as fire

blankets, helmets, fire suits, gloves and other garments that may be put on or worn by

persons to protect themselves during fire.

Hazardous Operation/Process

Refers to any act of manufacturing, fabrication, conversion, etc., that uses or

produces materials which are likely to cause fires or explosions.

Horizontal Exit

The term refers to the passageway from one building to another or through or

around a wall in approximately the same floor level.

 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This study consists of three chapters.

Chapter I, The Problem and Its Scope, contains the introduction, the

rationale, the theoretical background, the theoretical framework, the conceptual

framework, the statement of the problem, the hypothesis, the importance of the study,

the scope and limitations of the study, the research design which includes the research

environment and subjects, the research instrument, the data gathering procedure, the

data analysis, the statistical treatment and the definition of terms.

Chapter II, Presentation and Analysis of Findings, reports, analyzes and

interprets the data gathered in the light of the different aspects of the problem; and

Chapter III, Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations,

presents a summary of the problem, the research design and the findings, the

conclusions drawn there from and the recommendations which include a proposed

profiling and skills enhancement program for the Tagbilaran City Fire Officers.