Microsoft Official Course

Module 2

Installing and Configuring the

Hyper-V Role
Module Overview

• Installing the Hyper-V Role

• Managing Hyper-V
• Configuring Hyper-V Settings
• Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking
Lesson 1: Installing the Hyper-V Role

• Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V

• Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability
• Hyper-V Architecture
• Considerations for Disk and Storage
• Considerations for Networking
• Considerations for Providing High Availability
• Host Changes After Installing the Hyper-V Role
• Demonstration: Installing the Hyper-V Role
Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V

• Windows Server 2008 and newer Windows Server operating

systems:
• Include Hyper-V and other roles
• GUI and command-line management
• Licensed per processor, includes virtualization rights
• Standard edition: two virtual machines with each Windows Server operating
system
• Datacenter edition: unlimited virtual machines with each Windows Server
operating system
• Hyper-V Server 2008 and newer:
• Includes only the Hyper-V role
• Command-line management only (if managed locally)
• Free, virtual machines must be licensed separately
• Windows 8 and newer Windows client 64-bit operating systems:
• Client Hyper-V, does not include server-level features such as high
availability or live migration
Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability

System Resource Windows Server

2012 R2
Logical processors 320

Server Physical memory 4 TB

Virtual processors per server 2,048

Virtual processors per virtual machine 64

Memory per virtual machine 1 TB

Virtual
machine
Running virtual machines per server 1,024

Virtual disk size 64 TB

Nodes per failover cluster 64

Failover cluster
Running virtual machines per cluster 8,000
Hyper-V Architecture

Provided by Operating System ISV/IHV/OEM Hyper-V Microsoft / Citrix

Parent Partition Child Partitions

Virtual
machine
Worker
Processes
Applications
Applications Applications Applications
WMI Provider User
mode
Virtual machine
services

Windows Server Windows Non-Hypervisor

ServerServer 2012
Windows R2 Supported
2012 R2 2008 R2, 2012 Aware Linux
operating Distributions
Windows
Windows VS system Kernel
Windows
Kernel
Kernel P VSC mode
Kernel
IHV Linux
Drivers Emulation VSC

VMBus VMBus VMBus

Windows
“Designed for hypervisor
Windows” Server Hardware Ring -1
Considerations for Disk and Storage

• Hyper-V hosts can use

• DAS
• SAN
• NAS (SMB 3.0)
• Network shared folders (SMB 3.0)
• Virtual Machines require storage for
• Virtual hard disk files
• Configuration
• Checkpoints
• Saved state
Considerations for Networking

• Hyper-V host should have multiple NICs

• Dedicated NIC for Hyper-V management
• At least one NIC for virtual machine networks
• Two NICs for shared storage
• Dedicated NIC for failover clustering (private network)
• At least one NIC for live migration

• Use fast NICs

• NIC Teaming for redundancy and throughput
• Bandwidth management
Considerations for Providing High Availability

• Hyper-V host-based failover clustering

• Virtual machines are highly available

• Virtual machine-based failover clustering

• Cluster roles in virtual machines are highly available

• Virtual machine-based NLB

• Highly available and scale out web-based applications

• Application-specific clustering
• Applications are highly available
Host Changes After Installing the Hyper-V Role

• Hyper-V is installed as a server role

• Server Manager, Install-WindowsFeature, dism.exe
• Restart required after installation

• Hypervisor is added and starts automatically

• Windows Server is moved into parent partition
• Hyper-V management tools
• Additional services
• Performance Monitor counters
• Applications and Services logs
• Hyper-V Administrators group
• Windows Firewall rules
Demonstration: Installing the Hyper-V Role

In this demonstration, you will see how to install

the Hyper-V role
Lesson 2: Managing Hyper-V

• Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console

• Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console
• Demonstration: Installing and Using Hyper-V
Manager
• Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V
• Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment
• Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer
• Hyper-V Security Model
 Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console

Hyper-V servers
Hyper-V
server
actions
Listing of virtual
machines

Virtual
machine
actions
Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console

• Used for configuring Hyper-V

• Also on Hyper-V Server

• If adding the Hyper-V role by using Server Manager,

Hyper-V Manager console is added automatically
• Hyper-V Management Tool is a feature that you
must enable
• Windows Server - Add feature
• Windows 8 - Turn on Windows Feature

• Install RSAT and turn on Windows Feature

(Windows 7)
• If Hyper-V Manager console cannot run on a device
• RDP
Demonstration: Installing and Using
Hyper-V Manager

In this demonstration, you will see how to install

and use Hyper-V Manager
Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V

• Hyper-V module installed with Hyper-V role

• Hyper-V can be managed entirely in Windows
PowerShell
• Get-Command -Module Hyper-V
• Get-Help <cmdlet>, Get-Command *part*
• Verb-Noun cmdlet name syntax
• Get-, Set-, Disable-, Enable-, New-, Add-, …
• Get-VMHost -ServerName LON-DC1, LON-SVR1
• Get-VM -HostName LON-HOST1 | Save-VM
• Start-VM -Name *DC* -HostName LON-HOST1
• Get-VMHost -HostName LON-HOST1 | ft

• Windows PowerShell ISE

Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment

• Hyper-V can be a workgroup member

• This has no effect on virtual machines running on the
Hyper-V host
• Domain membership simplifies management

• To enable remote management in a workgroup

• Enable Hyper-V firewall rules (Server Core only)
• Create a local user with the same username and password
• Add a local user to Hyper-V Administrators group
• Grant administrative rights remotely to local users

• Connect to the Hyper-V host in Hyper-V Manager

console
• Use HVRemote to simplify configuration
Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer

• Best Practices are guidelines for typical deployment

• Hyper-V BPA includes over 110 rules including:
• Hyper-V should be the only enabled role
• Server Core is recommended for servers that are running
Hyper-V
• Domain membership is recommended for Hyper-V

• BPA is available in Server Manager and Windows

PowerShell
• Can scan one or multiple roles locally or remotely
• Can filter scan results

• Compliance scan returns one of three levels:

• Error, Warning, Information
 Hyper-V Security Model
• Authorization Manager controls Hyper-V security
• Challenging to use, not suitable for complex security rules
• Deprecated, but still available in Windows Server 2012 R2
• Many administrators use VMM
• Simple Authorization is used on Windows Server 2012 R2
• Hyper-V Administrators local and domain groups are empty
by default
• Members have full access to Hyper-V
• Hyper-V Administrators group is incorporated into
Authorization Manager
Lesson 3: Configuring Hyper-V Settings

• Overview of Hyper-V Settings

• Demonstration: Configuring Hyper-V Settings
• What Is NUMA?
• What Is Enhanced Session Mode?
• What Are Resource Pools?
Overview of Hyper-V Settings
Demonstration: Configuring Hyper-V Settings

In this demonstration, you will see how to configure

Hyper-V settings
What Is NUMA?

• NUMA
• Enables hosts to scale up CPUs and memory
• Partitions CPUs and memory into NUMA nodes
• Allocation and latency depends on relative CPU location
• Hyper-V presents NUMA topology to virtual machines
• The guest operating system can make decisions on how to
use resources
• Can minimize cross-node memory access
• NUMA spanning enabled at host level
• Virtual NUMA topology can be configured at virtual machine
level
• By default, virtual NUMA aligns with physical NUMA
What Is NUMA?
NUMA node 1 NUMA node 2

Processors

Memory

NUMA node 3 NUMA node 4

Processors

Memory
What Is NUMA?
NUMA node 1 NUMA node 2

Processors

Memory

NUMA node 3 NUMA node 4

Processors

Memory

Processor accessing RAM from

same node
Processor accessing RAM
from different node
What Is NUMA?

vNUMA node A vNUMA node B vNUMA node A vNUMA node B

NUMA node 1 NUMA node 2 NUMA node 3 NUMA node 4

 What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

• Remote Desktop over VMBus

• Full Remote Desktop capabilities
• Shared clipboard
• Printers, smart cards, USB devices redirection
• Folder redirection

• Enabled at Hyper-V host

• Guest operating system support
required
• Windows Server 2012 R2
• Windows 8.1
• Remote Desktop users
What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

Virtual Machine Applications

Management
Service Applications
Virtual Applications
machine Virtual Machine
connect Worker Process

Basic Video / keyboard

experience / mouse driver

VMBus VMBus

Hypervisor
What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

Virtual Machine
Applications
Management
Service Applications
Virtual Applications
machine Virtual Machine
connect Worker Process

Enhanced Remote Desktop

session Services
mode
VMBus VMBus

Hypervisor
What Are Resource Pools?
• Resource pools are logical containers
• Layer of abstraction between virtual machine and hardware
• Virtual machine configured to use the pool
• Virtual machine can use any resource from the configured pool
• Helpful when moving virtual machines
• Resource pools can be used for chargeback
• Different resource pool types
• Processor, Memory, Ethernet, VHD
• Resource pools configured by Windows PowerShell
• Get-VMResourcePool
• New-VMResourcePool -Name "Contoso Network"
-ResourcePoolType Ethernet
What Are Resource Pools?
Lesson 4: Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking

• Overview of Storage Spaces

• Overview of Disk Deduplication
• What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?
• What Is SMB 3.0?
• Hyper-V Over SMB
• Overview of NIC Teaming
Overview of Storage Spaces

• Storage pools – collection of physical disks

• Storage Spaces – virtual disks on storage spaces
Windows
Storage Storage Storage
virtualized
Spaces Spaces Spaces
storage

Storage Pool Storage Pool Storage Pool

(Shared) SAS, SATA or USB

Physical
storage

• Storage Spaces features

• Resiliency and integrity on standard disks
• Continuous availability and CSV integration
• Optimal storage use and storage tiering
• Multitenancy and isolation
Overview of Disk Deduplication
• Identifies and removes duplications within data
• Without compromising data integrity
• To store more data on less space
• After data is stored (post-process)
• Requires NTFS file system
• Failover clustering and shared storage supported
• CSV support added in R2
• Can significantly decrease space usage for virtual hard
disk library
• Windows Server 2012 R2 adds support for live virtual hard
disk deduplication for VDI
• Virtual hard disks must be accessed on an SMB 3.0 network share
• Deduplication of virtual machines that use local storage not
supported
What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?

• Traditional data copy model

• Server issues read request to SAN
• Data is read and transferred into memory
• Data is transferred and written from memory to SAN
• Issues: CPU and memory utilization, increased traffic

• Offload-enabled data copy model

• Server issues read request and SAN returns token
• Server issues write request to SAN using token
• SAN completes data copy and confirms completion
• Benefits: Increased performance, reduced utilization

• SAN must support Offloaded Data Transfer

What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?

Token

Offload Offload
Token
read write

Storage Storage
array Actual data transfer array
Intelligent
Storage Array
What Is SMB 3.0?

• SMB is network file sharing protocol

• SMB protocol versions are backward compatible
• SMB 3.0 features in Windows Server 2012 (R2)
• SMB Transparent Failover
• SMB Scale Out
• SMB Multichannel
• SMB Direct (SMB over RDMA)
• SMB Encryption
• VSS for SMB file shares
• Managing SMB file shares by Windows PowerShell

• SMB 3.0 is used only if both sides support it

Hyper-V Over SMB

• Hyper-V data files stored on network shares

• Virtual machine configuration, VHD files, checkpoints
• Hyper-V supports file shares over SMB 3.0 or newer
• File Server and Hyper-V host must be separate servers
• They must be members of the same AD DS domain
• Running virtual machine data files can be deduplicated
(VDI)
• Reliability, availability, and performance as a SAN
• Uses SMB 3.0 features

• Benefits
• Easier provisioning and management
• Uses existing infrastructure
Overview of NIC Teaming

• Team two or more network adapters

• Protects against failures
• Provides bandwidth aggregation
• Presented as one or more team network adapters to the
operating system
• Vendor-independent, supported by Microsoft
• Team connection modes
• Switch independent
• Switch dependent

• NIC Teaming in virtual machines

• Configured in Server Manager or with Windows
PowerShell
Lab: Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role

• Exercise 1: Installing the Hyper-V Role

• Exercise 2: Configuring Hyper-V Settings
• Exercise 3: Accessing and Managing Hyper-V
Remotely
Logon Information
Virtual Machines: 20409B-LON-HOST1
20409B-LON-HOST2
20409B-LON-DC1
20409B-LON-CL1
20409B-LON-CL2
User name: Adatum\Administrator
Password: Pa$$w0rd
Estimated Time: 60 minutes
Lab Scenario

Based on the analysis of the current server environment,

A. Datum Corporation has identified several servers that can be
virtualized on Hyper-V. A. Datum is now ready to begin a pilot
project to implement virtualization in one of their branch
offices.
The first step in the implementation project is to deploy the
Hyper-V hosts in the branch office. Technicians at the branch
office have installed the hardware in the branch office, and
have installed Windows Server 2012 R2 on the servers. You
have already configured LON-HOST1 and you now need to
install and configure Hyper-V on LON-HOST2.
Because all of the servers are located in a remote data center,
you will use Windows 8.1 as an administrative workstation. To
become familiar with the different options for managing the
Hyper-V hosts, you will use both Server Manager and Windows
PowerShell to manage the Hyper-V role remotely.
Lab Review

• How can you verify if Windows Server 2012 R2 has

the Hyper-V role installed?
• How can you manage Hyper-V on Server Core or
on Hyper-V Server?
• Do you need to store a virtual hard disk locally if
you want to start a virtual machine from it?
• How can you view Windows PowerShell cmdlets
that you can use for managing Hyper-V host?
Module Review and Takeaways

• Review Questions