(16th-17th Century: Camera Obscura) Ancestor of the photographic camera.

The Latin name

means “dark chamber,” and the earliest versions, dating to antiquity, consisted of small darkened
rooms with light admitted through a single tiny hole. The result was that an inverted image of the
outside scene was cast on the opposite wall, which was usually whitened. For centuries the
technique was used for viewing eclipses of the Sun without endangering the eyes and, by the
16th century, as an aid to drawing; the subject was posed outside and the image reflected on a
piece of drawing paper for the artist to trace. Portable versions were built, followed by smaller
and even pocket models; the interior of the box was painted black and the image reflected by an
angled mirror so that it could be viewed right side up. - https://www.britannica.com/technology/camera-obscura-photography
(Magic Lantern: 1659) Also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, is an early type of image
projector employing pictures painted, printed or produced photographically on transparent plates
(usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source. It was mostly developed in the
17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes. It was increasingly applied to
educational purposes during the 19th century. Since the late 19th century smaller versions were
also mass-produced as a toy for children. The magic lantern was in wide use from the 18th
century until the mid-20th century, when it was superseded by a compact version that could hold
many 35 mm photographic slides. The Magic Lantern was developed in the 1650s by Dutch
physicist, mathematician, astronomer and inventor, who was also a major figure in the scientific
revolution in Europe.
(Stroboscopic Principle: 1832) In the year of 1832, Belgian physicist Joseph Antoine Ferdinand
Plateau became the first person to demonstrate the stroboscopic principle through an illusion of
moving images through a device called a phenakistoscope or fantascope. This invention was a
cardboard disc with slits through which the viewer could watch a rapid succession of sequential
drawings.
(Chronophotography: 1867) Chronophotography is an antique photographic technique from the
Victorian era (beginning about 1867–68), which captures movement in several frames of print.
These prints can be subsequently arranged either like animation cells or layered in a single
frame. It is a predecessor to cinematography and moving film, involving a series of different
cameras, originally created and used for the scientific study of movement. -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronophotography#targetText=Chronophotography%20is%20an%20antique%20photographic,layered%20in%20a%20single%20frame

(Developing Silent 1895 -1927) The idea of combining motion pictures and sound had been
around since the invention of the cinema itself: Thomas Edison had commissioned the
Kinetograph to provide visual images for his phonograph, and William Dickson had actually
synchronized the two machines in a device briefly marketed in the 1890s as the Kinetophone.
Léon Gaumont’s Chronophone in France and Cecil Hepworth’s Vivaphone system in England
employed a similar technology, and each was used to produce hundreds of synchronized shorts
between 1902 and 1912. - https://www.britannica.com/art/history-of-the-motion-picture/The-pre-World-War-II-sound-era
Étienne-Jules Marey was an important part of chronophotography development which was
recorded with posed phases since the late 1860’s. This development of technology within film
heavily aided into the next phase which was Silent Films.
(The Lumiere Brothers: 1895) Lumière brothers, French inventors and pioneer manufacturers
of photographic equipment who devised an early motion-picture camera and projector called the
Cinématographe.

A Brief History of Editing

The Lumiere Brothers kicked it all off in 1895. They invented cinematographe, it was a three
way machine that recorded, captured and projected a motion picture. The work they produced
only consisted of one long roll of film, a continuous shot. In 1901 Edwin S. Porter came along
and showed us that it didn’t have to be long clip. He started to experiment by sticking different
parts of film together. The films became several minutes long consisting of several shots. The
first film studios were built in 1897 The first successful permanent theatre showing only films
was "The Nickelodeon" in Pittsburgh in 1905 In 1910 actors started getting credit It all started
when the first motion cameras where invented in the 1890’s.
(Primitive Editing) You can see primitive instances of editing in films like Rescued by Rover
(Great Britain, 1904) and The Great Train Robbery (1903). To begin with, the cuts where made
in the camera itself. The cameraman would stop cranking and then continue to film at the next
scene. This could also allow for some special effects early on. For example, Georges Méliès
stops the camera after detonating a magic puff of smoke in front of his actor, then begins the
camera again after the actor has left the stage, making it seem as if the actor has magically
vanished. 1908 D.W Grithins Film ‘For Love of Gold’ featured the first ever continuity cut
between scenes. He also discovered that you can reflect emotion through different angles and the
pace of editing, it wasn’t all down to the editors. The birth of a nation, 1915 is the first film that
used a variety of camera techniques. Including long panoramic shots, iris effect, still shots, cross
cutting and planning shots.
(Analogue Editing) Before digital editing, it was Analogue editing. It involved cutting down the
film negatives and placing them in order. In then went through a machine called the Moviola or
the K.E.M. A Moviola is a device that allows a film editor to view film while editing. It was the
first machine for motion picture editing when it was invented by Iwan Serrurier in 1924. Moviola
the company is still in existence and is located in Hollywood where part of the facility is located
on one of the original Moviola factory floors.
(Digital Editing) Since the invention of Computers, digital editing and filming has taken over.
Editing with a computer is much faster and more efficient. Digital video clips are imported into
the software, the clips are then manipulated, cut and set into an order. Effects are then added.
The first computers and editing software was only capable of basic sound and video editing.
Computers and software of the modern day are capable of amazing effects and tasks, such as
Chroma keying, motion tracking, CGI, 100’s of footage enhancing effects and plenty of different
visual add-on's. The computers that where used to make film first came onto the scene in the
1960’s when the first animated film (Hummingbird) was released. This continued into the 1980’s
when the first heavy CGI movies where released.
Film editing has come a long way. From cutting and sticking pieces of negatives together and
stop/starting the camera to create effects, to high resolution CGI and green screen effects made
on a computer. Editing has always played a massive part in the production of a film. A film
could not be made without it. It has branched off into groups including sound, visual, animated
and storyline organization. - https://www.slideshare.net/harvlovesediting/the-history-of-film-editing-45983659