SHORT COLUMNS SUBJECT TO AXIAL LOAD AND BENDING ( Eccentrically loaded columns) = All columns are subject to axial force and bending and they must be proportioned to resist these forces. Eccentricities of 0.10h for tied column and 0.05h for spiral columns can be permitted for axially loaded columns. Beyond this, analysis for the effect of axial load and bending must be undertaken. = Columns will tend to bend under the action of moment and produces compression on one side and tension on the other side. The following failures are possible under combined axial load and bending.— 0 1. Large axial load and negligible moment. Failure under this condition occur by sudden crushing of concrete with all bars reaching their yeild stress simultaneuosly Plastic centroid 2. Large axial load and small moment. with entire cross section in compression . Failure under this condition occur by sudden crushing of concrete with all bars are in Plastic centroid compression Pn eon 3. Large axial load with moment bigger in H 2. Bars in the far side in tension has not Plastic centroid yielded. Failure occur by crushing of concretePa e 4. Balance loading condition — bars on the Plastic centroid tensile side yield at the same time that concrete crushes at 0.85fc’ of tension bars | 5. Large moment, small axial load [El Plastic centroid Failure initiated by tensile yielding 6. Moment, no axial load - Fails as a Plastic centroid beam e __Plastic centroid — the point in the column through which the resultant of the column load passes through to produce uniform strain at failure. It is the location of the resultant force of concrete and steel. In locating this point, all concrete is assumed to be stressed in compression to 0.85fc’ and all steel bars in compression at (fy — 0.85fc’). For symmetrical cross sections the plastic centroid coincides with the centroid of the cross section. Eccentricity of a column is the distance from the load to the plastic centroid of the cross section. sree | ees] Plastic centroid =" centroid of cross section Plastic centroid Centroid of cross sectionProblem: The T shaped cross section shown below is reinforced with 4 of 32 mm bars with fc’= 20.7 MPa and fy = 345 MPa. Determine the location of the plastic centroid measured from the 450 mm side. 150mm 200mm 7 100 mm + B63 250 mm 100 mm + i 75mm = 75mmBalanced Loading condition = Balanced loading occur when the tension steel just reaches its yield strain as concrete is strained to 0.003. | Every column has always have a loading situation where an ultimate load P,,, placed at eccentricity e, will produce a moment M,,,. If the eccentricity of the column is less thane, (e e, the column fails in tension( tension controlled column)Determination of P,. From stress Diagram SFy =0 Prp- Cy- C+ T=0 Axis of bending i IfA,= A,’ potress Diagram G,=T Pry =C; P,,» =0.85fc’a,b —- EQ. 1 \! From strain Diagram ‘These 6008,d 0. 85fc’ a,= 1 _ pee - 600+ f, EQ.2 C,= 0.85f6'a,b , a Strain Diagram el 0.003=M @ center of tension steel = 0 Pil @, + Yat{d-d’}) -C,( d-a,/2) - C(d -d'‘)= 0 Pipl, + V2{d-d’}) -0.85fc'a,b( d-a,2) - A.f(d -d’)= 0 e, =~) Sid) ad) — £3 P. nb 2 Balanced Moment M,, = Pp€, Determination of e,, P,,, and M, of column with given section and reinforcement. 1. Solve for a, 6008,a a, =——— ” 600+ f, 2. Solve for P,,, P,,» =0.85fc’a,b 3.Solvefore, 4 (de Abd-d) _(d-d') = 2 nb 4. Solve for the balanced Moment M,» = P,»€,The column shown is reinforced with 6 of 25 mm diameter bars. If fc’ = 21 MPa, oan 345 MPa determine P,,, e€,and M,,. 65mm I Axis of bending | + T 400 mim 3025)" 2 =A, ares d =500—65 =435mm _ 6008,d _ 600(0.85)435 a,= = 234.76mm 600+ f, 600+ 345Py =0.85f0'a,b Py, =0.85(21)234.76(400)= 1,676,186 N Af(d-d) (d-d') P 2 nb )+ 234.76, 1472.6(345)(435-65) (435-65) 2 )+ 1676186 2 e, =244.76mm M,,, = P.,e, = (1676186)(244.76) = 410.26x10° N.nm M,, =410.26kN.mALYTICAL METHOD e i tension controlled columns Cot Plastic centroid Compression controlled columns Analysis of tension controlled columns | Large moment, small axial load Plastic centroid Failure initiated by tensile yielding of tension bars e, S, yields at failure P, =7140a = 7140(219.7) =1568658N = 1568.65kN P, =(0.7)1568.65 = 1098KN M,, = Pe =1098(0.26) = 285.48kN.m Verify yeilding of tension steel( not required) an 9) &, _d-e f, = 600 0.003 =f, (435 — 258.47) _ tension steel 409.8MPa > f, Ff, =600 847. 0" » yields at failureAnalysis of compression controlled columns 2. Large axial load and small moment. je with entire cross section in compression. Failure under this condition occur by Plastic centroid sudden crushing of concrete with all bars are in compression 3. Large axial load with moment bigger in 2. Bars in the far side in tension has not yielded. Failure occur by crushing of concrete e,>e e, =0.003 St. . < St y Tension steel does not yield at failure ' I, - St, Compression steel yields at failureAxis of bending THAS, C2=At, b enon a= ; 2. C,= 0.85fc'ab ; 7 > Ci + 0. Stress Diagram 1. From stress Diagram P.- n P,-0.85fe'ab—A\f,+A,f, =0 85te P = 0.85 felab+ Af, A,f, > EO. a&f, Note: unknowns are P, , Strain Diagram 0.003M conterost.s = 9 Pfet(d—d')} Cd ~5)-C,(d-d) =0 Pte+3(d-d')} 0.85 e'ab(d ~2) A. f,(d ~d')=0 p, = 085fe'ab(d -0.5a) , 4GG-4) noo {e+0.5(d—d')} | fe+0.5(d—d'y} EQ\=EO2 = 0.85 fe'ab+ A\f,—A,f, > EQ.1 0.85 fe'ab(d —0.5a) , A f,(d-d') 0.85 felab+ A f,- Af, = + __ > £03 flab Af,— Af, {e+0.5(d-d')} {e+0.5(d-d')} 2 From the strain diagram 600( a) « cena = 600 bid =) f, = 600 A f, =600 7 — EO4 By0.85 fe'ab+ A f,- A, 60024 =4) _ 0.85fe'ab(d-0.5a) AS, (d=4")_ a {e+05(d—d')} {e+0.5(d—d')} Solve fora Check for yielding of compression steel ' on c-d oot ef ed ¢ = 60D ¢, 8, 0.003 ¢ ¢ Solve for f, tf. = 600 82-9 a Solve for P, P,=0.85 fe'ab+ A f,- Af, > EQOA Solve for P,, P =6P u n Solve for M, M,=FeSay AS (d =a") as a fe+0.5(d—d')} {e+0.5(d—d')} 0:85(21)400a +1472.6(345)—1472.6(600) 42851435] at _ 0.85(21)4000(435~0.5a) , 1472.6(345)(435 ~65) a {200-+0.5(435-65)} {200+0.5(435-65)} {369.75—a} _ a(435-0.5a) a 385 a+71.16—-123.75 + 68.38 385a° +27396.6a —17616276.5 +.47643.75a = 435a° —0.Sa* +26326.3a Can be solved by a@ —100a* +97428. 1a —35232553=0 —— Newton's Method of approximation a=256.28mm or by trial and error (256.28)° —100(256.28)* +97428. 1(256.28) — 35232553 =0 703.1 Ok f= 600 24-9 _ 609 {(0.85}435—256.28} _ 214.73MPa a 256.28_ 256.28 =301.5mm 0.85 : 301.5-65 i= 609 SESS) = 470.65MPa > f, Compression steel yields P,=0.85 fe'ab+ Af, -A,f, > EQ.A P, =0,85(21)256.28( 400} +1472.6(345) —1472.6(214.73) P, =2021682N = 2021.68kN P, =(0.7)2021.68 =1415.2kN M, =1415.2(0.2) =283.04kN.m